annotate man/emacs-mime.texi @ 56210:92bfc3abe98f

(goto-address-fontify): Fix help-echo text.
author Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
date Wed, 23 Jun 2004 14:39:11 +0000
parents 695cf19ef79e
children 55fd4f77387a fd8097053f04 375f2633d815
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-mode: texinfo; coding: latin-1 -*-
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2
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3 @setfilename ../info/emacs-mime
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4 @settitle Emacs MIME Manual
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5 @synindex fn cp
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6 @synindex vr cp
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7 @synindex pg cp
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8
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9 @copying
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10 This file documents the Emacs MIME interface functionality.
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11
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12 Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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13
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14 @quotation
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15 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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16 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
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17 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
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18 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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19 Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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20 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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21 License'' in the Emacs manual.
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22
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23 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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24 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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25 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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26
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27 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
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28 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
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29 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
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30 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
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31 @end quotation
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32 @end copying
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33
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34 @dircategory Emacs
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35 @direntry
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36 * MIME: (emacs-mime). Emacs MIME de/composition library.
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37 @end direntry
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38 @iftex
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39 @finalout
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40 @end iftex
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41 @setchapternewpage odd
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42
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43 @titlepage
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44 @title Emacs MIME Manual
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45
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46 @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen
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47 @page
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48 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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49 @insertcopying
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50 @end titlepage
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51
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52
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53 @node Top
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54 @top Emacs MIME
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55
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56 This manual documents the libraries used to compose and display
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57 @sc{mime} messages.
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58
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59 This is not a manual meant for users; it's a manual directed at people
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60 who want to write functions and commands that manipulate @sc{mime}
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61 elements.
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62
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63 @sc{mime} is short for @dfn{Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions}.
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64 This standard is documented in a number of RFCs; mainly RFC2045 (Format
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65 of Internet Message Bodies), RFC2046 (Media Types), RFC2047 (Message
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66 Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text), RFC2048 (Registration
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67 Procedures), RFC2049 (Conformance Criteria and Examples). It is highly
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68 recommended that anyone who intends writing @sc{mime}-compliant software
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69 read at least RFC2045 and RFC2047.
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70
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71 @menu
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72 * Interface Functions:: An abstraction over the basic functions.
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73 * Basic Functions:: Utility and basic parsing functions.
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74 * Decoding and Viewing:: A framework for decoding and viewing.
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75 * Composing:: MML; a language for describing MIME parts.
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76 * Standards:: A summary of RFCs and working documents used.
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77 * Index:: Function and variable index.
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78 @end menu
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79
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80
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81 @node Interface Functions
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82 @chapter Interface Functions
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83 @cindex interface functions
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84 @cindex mail-parse
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85
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86 The @code{mail-parse} library is an abstraction over the actual
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87 low-level libraries that are described in the next chapter.
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88
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89 Standards change, and so programs have to change to fit in the new
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90 mold. For instance, RFC2045 describes a syntax for the
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91 @code{Content-Type} header that only allows @sc{ascii} characters in the
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92 parameter list. RFC2231 expands on RFC2045 syntax to provide a scheme
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93 for continuation headers and non-@sc{ascii} characters.
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94
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95 The traditional way to deal with this is just to update the library
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96 functions to parse the new syntax. However, this is sometimes the wrong
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97 thing to do. In some instances it may be vital to be able to understand
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98 both the old syntax as well as the new syntax, and if there is only one
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99 library, one must choose between the old version of the library and the
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100 new version of the library.
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101
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102 The Emacs MIME library takes a different tack. It defines a series of
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103 low-level libraries (@file{rfc2047.el}, @file{rfc2231.el} and so on)
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104 that parses strictly according to the corresponding standard. However,
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105 normal programs would not use the functions provided by these libraries
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106 directly, but instead use the functions provided by the
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107 @code{mail-parse} library. The functions in this library are just
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108 aliases to the corresponding functions in the latest low-level
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109 libraries. Using this scheme, programs get a consistent interface they
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110 can use, and library developers are free to create write code that
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111 handles new standards.
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112
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113 The following functions are defined by this library:
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114
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115 @defun mail-header-parse-content-type string
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116 Parse @var{string}, a @code{Content-Type} header, and return a
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117 content-type list in the following format:
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118
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119 @lisp
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120 ("type/subtype"
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121 (attribute1 . value1)
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122 (attribute2 . value2)
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123 @dots{})
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124 @end lisp
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125
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126 Here's an example:
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127
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128 @example
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129 (mail-header-parse-content-type
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130 "image/gif; name=\"b980912.gif\"")
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131 @result{} ("image/gif" (name . "b980912.gif"))
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132 @end example
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133 @end defun
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134
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135 @defun mail-header-parse-content-disposition string
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136 Parse @var{string}, a @code{Content-Disposition} header, and return a
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137 content-type list in the format above.
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138 @end defun
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139
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140 @defun mail-content-type-get ct attribute
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141 @findex mail-content-type-get
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142 Returns the value of the given @var{attribute} from the content-type
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143 list @var{ct}.
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144
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145 @example
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146 (mail-content-type-get
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147 '("image/gif" (name . "b980912.gif")) 'name)
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148 @result{} "b980912.gif"
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149 @end example
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150 @end defun
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151
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152 @defun mail-header-encode-parameter param value
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153 Takes a parameter string @samp{@var{param}=@var{value}} and returns an
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154 encoded version of it. This is used for parameters in headers like
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155 @samp{Content-Type} and @samp{Content-Disposition}.
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156 @end defun
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157
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158 @defun mail-header-remove-comments string
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159 Return a comment-free version of @var{string}.
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160
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161 @example
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162 (mail-header-remove-comments
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163 "Gnus/5.070027 (Pterodactyl Gnus v0.27) (Finnish Landrace)")
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164 @result{} "Gnus/5.070027 "
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165 @end example
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166 @end defun
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167
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168 @defun mail-header-remove-whitespace string
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169 Remove linear white space from @var{string}. Space inside quoted
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170 strings and comments is preserved.
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171
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172 @example
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173 (mail-header-remove-whitespace
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174 "image/gif; name=\"Name with spaces\"")
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175 @result{} "image/gif;name=\"Name with spaces\""
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176 @end example
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177 @end defun
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178
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179 @defun mail-header-get-comment string
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180 Return the last comment in @var{string}.
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181
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182 @example
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183 (mail-header-get-comment
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184 "Gnus/5.070027 (Pterodactyl Gnus v0.27) (Finnish Landrace)")
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185 @result{} "Finnish Landrace"
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186 @end example
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187 @end defun
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188
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189
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190 @defun mail-header-parse-address string
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191 Parse an address string @var{string} and return a list containing the
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192 mailbox and the plaintext name.
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193
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194 @example
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195 (mail-header-parse-address
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196 "Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr>")
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197 @result{} ("hniksic@@srce.hr" . "Hrvoje Niksic")
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198 @end example
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199 @end defun
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200
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201 @defun mail-header-parse-addresses string
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202 Parse @var{string} as a list of addresses and return a list of elements
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203 like the one described above.
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204
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205 @example
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206 (mail-header-parse-addresses
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207 "Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr>, Steinar Bang <sb@@metis.no>")
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208 @result{} (("hniksic@@srce.hr" . "Hrvoje Niksic")
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209 ("sb@@metis.no" . "Steinar Bang"))
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210 @end example
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211 @end defun
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212
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213 @defun mail-header-parse-date string
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214 Parse a date @var{string} and return an Emacs time structure.
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215 @end defun
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216
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217 @defun mail-narrow-to-head
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218 Narrow the buffer to the header section of the buffer. Point is placed
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219 at the beginning of the narrowed buffer.
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220 @end defun
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221
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222 @defun mail-header-narrow-to-field
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223 Narrow the buffer to the header under point.
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224 @end defun
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225
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226 @defun mail-encode-encoded-word-region start end
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227 Encode the non-@sc{ascii} words in the region @var{start}to @var{end}. For
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228 instance, @samp{Naïve} is encoded as @samp{=?iso-8859-1?q?Na=EFve?=}.
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229 @end defun
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230
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231 @defun mail-encode-encoded-word-buffer
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232 Encode the non-@sc{ascii} words in the current buffer. This function is
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233 meant to be called with the buffer narrowed to the headers of a message.
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234 @end defun
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235
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236 @defun mail-encode-encoded-word-string string
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237 Encode the words that need encoding in @var{string}, and return the
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238 result.
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239
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240 @example
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241 (mail-encode-encoded-word-string
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242 "This is naïve, baby")
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243 @result{} "This is =?iso-8859-1?q?na=EFve,?= baby"
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244 @end example
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245 @end defun
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246
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247 @defun mail-decode-encoded-word-region start end
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248 Decode the encoded words in the region @var{start}to @var{end}.
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249 @end defun
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250
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251 @defun mail-decode-encoded-word-string string
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252 Decode the encoded words in @var{string} and return the result.
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253
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254 @example
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255 (mail-decode-encoded-word-string
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256 "This is =?iso-8859-1?q?na=EFve,?= baby")
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257 @result{} "This is naïve, baby"
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258 @end example
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259 @end defun
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260
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261 Currently, @code{mail-parse} is an abstraction over @code{ietf-drums},
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262 @code{rfc2047}, @code{rfc2045} and @code{rfc2231}. These are documented
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263 in the subsequent sections.
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264
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265
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266
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267 @node Basic Functions
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268 @chapter Basic Functions
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269
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270 This chapter describes the basic, ground-level functions for parsing and
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271 handling. Covered here is parsing @code{From} lines, removing comments
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272 from header lines, decoding encoded words, parsing date headers and so
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273 on. High-level functionality is dealt with in the next chapter
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274 (@pxref{Decoding and Viewing}).
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275
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276 @menu
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277 * rfc2045:: Encoding @code{Content-Type} headers.
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278 * rfc2231:: Parsing @code{Content-Type} headers.
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279 * ietf-drums:: Handling mail headers defined by RFC822bis.
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280 * rfc2047:: En/decoding encoded words in headers.
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281 * time-date:: Functions for parsing dates and manipulating time.
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282 * qp:: Quoted-Printable en/decoding.
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283 * base64:: Base64 en/decoding.
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284 * binhex:: Binhex decoding.
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285 * uudecode:: Uuencode decoding.
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286 * rfc1843:: Decoding HZ-encoded text.
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287 * mailcap:: How parts are displayed is specified by mailcap files
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288 @end menu
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289
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290
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291 @node rfc2045
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292 @section rfc2045
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293
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294 RFC2045 is the ``main'' @sc{mime} document, and as such, one would
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295 imagine that there would be a lot to implement. But there isn't, since
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296 most of the implementation details are delegated to the subsequent
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297 RFCs.
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298
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299 So @file{rfc2045.el} has only a single function:
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300
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301 @defun rfc2045-encode-string parameter value
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302 @findex rfc2045-encode-string
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303 Takes a @var{parameter} and a @var{value} and returns a
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304 @samp{@var{param}=@var{value}} string. @var{value} will be quoted if
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305 there are non-safe characters in it.
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306 @end defun
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307
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308
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309 @node rfc2231
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310 @section rfc2231
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311
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312 RFC2231 defines a syntax for the @samp{Content-Type} and
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313 @samp{Content-Disposition} headers. Its snappy name is @dfn{MIME
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314 Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets, Languages,
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315 and Continuations}.
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316
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317 In short, these headers look something like this:
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318
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319 @example
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320 Content-Type: application/x-stuff;
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321 title*0*=us-ascii'en'This%20is%20even%20more%20;
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322 title*1*=%2A%2A%2Afun%2A%2A%2A%20;
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323 title*2="isn't it!"
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324 @end example
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325
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326 They usually aren't this bad, though.
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327
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328 The following functions are defined by this library:
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329
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330 @defun rfc2231-parse-string string
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331 Parse a @samp{Content-Type} header @var{string} and return a list
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332 describing its elements.
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333
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334 @example
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335 (rfc2231-parse-string
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336 "application/x-stuff;
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337 title*0*=us-ascii'en'This%20is%20even%20more%20;
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338 title*1*=%2A%2A%2Afun%2A%2A%2A%20;
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339 title*2=\"isn't it!\"")
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340 @result{} ("application/x-stuff"
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341 (title . "This is even more ***fun*** isn't it!"))
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342 @end example
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343 @end defun
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344
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345 @defun rfc2231-get-value ct attribute
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346 Takes a list @var{ct} of the format above and returns the value of the
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347 specified @var{attribute}.
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348 @end defun
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349
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350 @defun rfc2231-encode-string parameter value
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351 Encode the string @samp{@var{parameter}=@var{value}} for inclusion in
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352 headers likes @samp{Content-Type} and @samp{Content-Disposition}.
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353 @end defun
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354
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355 @node ietf-drums
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356 @section ietf-drums
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357
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358 @dfn{drums} is an IETF working group that is working on the replacement
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359 for RFC822.
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360
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361 The functions provided by this library include:
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362
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363 @defun ietf-drums-remove-comments string
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364 Remove the comments from @var{string} and return the result.
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365 @end defun
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366
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367 @defun ietf-drums-remove-whitespace string
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368 Remove linear white space from @var{string} and return the result.
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369 Spaces inside quoted strings and comments are left untouched.
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370 @end defun
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371
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372 @defun ietf-drums-get-comment string
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373 Return the last most comment from @var{string}.
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374 @end defun
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375
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376 @defun ietf-drums-parse-address string
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377 Parse an address @var{string} and return a list of the mailbox and the
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378 plain text name.
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379 @end defun
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380
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381 @defun ietf-drums-parse-addresses string
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382 Parse @var{string}, containing any number of comma-separated addresses,
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383 and return a list of mailbox/plain text pairs.
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384 @end defun
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385
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386 @defun ietf-drums-parse-date string
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387 Parse the date @var{string} and return an Emacs time structure.
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388 @end defun
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389
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390 @defun ietf-drums-narrow-to-header
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391 Narrow the buffer to the header section of the current buffer.
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392 @end defun
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393
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394
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395 @node rfc2047
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396 @section rfc2047
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397
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398 RFC2047 (Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text) specifies how
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399 non-@sc{ascii} text in headers are to be encoded. This is actually rather
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400 complicated, so a number of variables are necessary to tweak what this
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401 library does.
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402
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403 The following variables are tweakable:
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404
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405 @defvar rfc2047-default-charset
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406 Characters in this charset should not be decoded by this library.
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407 This defaults to @samp{iso-8859-1}.
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408 @end defvar
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409
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410 @defvar rfc2047-header-encoding-list
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411 This is an alist of header / encoding-type pairs. Its main purpose is
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412 to prevent encoding of certain headers.
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413 @end defvar
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414
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415 The keys can either be header regexps, or @code{t}.
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416
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417 The values can be either @code{nil}, in which case the header(s) in
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418 question won't be encoded, or @code{mime}, which means that they will be
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419 encoded.
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420
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421 @defvar rfc2047-charset-encoding-alist
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422 RFC2047 specifies two forms of encoding---@code{Q} (a
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423 Quoted-Printable-like encoding) and @code{B} (base64). This alist
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424 specifies which charset should use which encoding.
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425 @end defvar
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426
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427 @defvar rfc2047-encoding-function-alist
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428 This is an alist of encoding / function pairs. The encodings are
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429 @code{Q}, @code{B} and @code{nil}.
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430 @end defvar
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431
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432 @defvar rfc2047-q-encoding-alist
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433 The @code{Q} encoding isn't quite the same for all headers. Some
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434 headers allow a narrower range of characters, and that is what this
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435 variable is for. It's an alist of header regexps and allowable character
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436 ranges.
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437 @end defvar
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438
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439 @defvar rfc2047-encoded-word-regexp
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440 When decoding words, this library looks for matches to this regexp.
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441 @end defvar
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442
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443 Those were the variables, and these are the functions:
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444
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445 @defun rfc2047-narrow-to-field
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446 Narrow the buffer to the header on the current line.
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447 @end defun
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448
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449 @defun rfc2047-encode-message-header
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450 Should be called narrowed to the header of a message. Encodes according
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451 to @code{rfc2047-header-encoding-alist}.
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452 @end defun
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453
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454 @defun rfc2047-encode-region start end
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455 Encodes all encodable words in the region @var{start} to @var{end}.
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456 @end defun
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457
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458 @defun rfc2047-encode-string string
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459 Encode @var{string} and return the result.
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460 @end defun
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461
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462 @defun rfc2047-decode-region start end
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463 Decode the encoded words in the region @var{start} to @var{end}.
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464 @end defun
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465
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466 @defun rfc2047-decode-string string
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467 Decode @var{string} and return the result.
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468 @end defun
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469
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470
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471
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472 @node time-date
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473 @section time-date
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474
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475 While not really a part of the @sc{mime} library, it is convenient to
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476 document this library here. It deals with parsing @samp{Date} headers
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477 and manipulating time. (Not by using tesseracts, though, I'm sorry to
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478 say.)
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479
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480 These functions convert between five formats: a date string, an Emacs
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481 time structure, a decoded time list, a number of seconds, and a day number.
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482
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483 The functions have quite self-explanatory names, so the following just
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484 gives an overview of which functions are available.
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485
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486 @findex parse-time-string
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487 @findex date-to-time
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
488 @findex time-to-seconds
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
489 @findex seconds-to-time
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
490 @findex time-to-day
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
491 @findex days-to-time
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
492 @findex time-since
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
493 @findex time-less-p
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
494 @findex subtract-time
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
495 @findex days-between
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
496 @findex date-leap-year-p
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
497 @findex time-to-day-in-year
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498 @example
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499 (parse-time-string "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200")
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500 @result{} (54 21 12 12 9 1998 6 nil 7200)
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parents:
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501
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parents:
diff changeset
502 (date-to-time "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200")
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parents:
diff changeset
503 @result{} (13818 19266)
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parents:
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504
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parents:
diff changeset
505 (time-to-seconds '(13818 19266))
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parents:
diff changeset
506 @result{} 905595714.0
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parents:
diff changeset
507
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parents:
diff changeset
508 (seconds-to-time 905595714.0)
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parents:
diff changeset
509 @result{} (13818 19266 0)
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parents:
diff changeset
510
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511 (time-to-day '(13818 19266))
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512 @result{} 729644
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diff changeset
513
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diff changeset
514 (days-to-time 729644)
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515 @result{} (961933 65536)
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diff changeset
516
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517 (time-since '(13818 19266))
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518 @result{} (0 430)
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519
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520 (time-less-p '(13818 19266) '(13818 19145))
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521 @result{} nil
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522
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523 (subtract-time '(13818 19266) '(13818 19145))
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524 @result{} (0 121)
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525
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526 (days-between "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200"
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parents:
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527 "Sat Sep 07 12:21:54 1998 +0200")
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diff changeset
528 @result{} 5
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529
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530 (date-leap-year-p 2000)
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parents:
diff changeset
531 @result{} t
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532
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533 (time-to-day-in-year '(13818 19266))
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534 @result{} 255
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diff changeset
535 @end example
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536
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parents: 32258
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537 @findex safe-date-to-time
31853
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diff changeset
538 And finally, we have @code{safe-date-to-time}, which does the same as
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parents:
diff changeset
539 @code{date-to-time}, but returns a zero time if the date is
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parents:
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540 syntactically malformed.
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diff changeset
541
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parents:
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542
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543
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544 @node qp
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diff changeset
545 @section qp
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546
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547 This library deals with decoding and encoding Quoted-Printable text.
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548
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086aff3bf8ca Modify licence notice. QP, base64 changes.
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parents: 32085
diff changeset
549 Very briefly explained, QP encoding means translating all 8-bit
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550 characters (and lots of control characters) into things that look like
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551 @samp{=EF}; that is, an equal sign followed by the byte encoded as a hex
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parents: 32085
diff changeset
552 string. It is defined in RFC 2045.
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553
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554 The following functions are defined by the library:
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555
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diff changeset
556 @deffn Command quoted-printable-decode-region @var{from} @var{to} &optional @var{coding-system}
35523
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
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parents: 33671
diff changeset
557 QP-decode all the encoded text in the region. If @var{coding-system}
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
558 is non-nil, decode bytes into characters with that coding-system. It
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
559 is probably better not to use @var{coding-system}; instead decode into
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
560 a unibyte buffer, decode that appropriately and then interpret it as
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
561 multibyte.
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43e6b74b0852 Fix missing @ends.
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parents: 32250
diff changeset
562 @end deffn
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563
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diff changeset
564 @defun quoted-printable-decode-string @var{string} &optional @var{coding-system}
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parents: 32085
diff changeset
565 Return a QP-encoded copy of @var{string}. If @var{coding-system} is
086aff3bf8ca Modify licence notice. QP, base64 changes.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32085
diff changeset
566 non-nil, decode bytes into characters with that coding-system.
32258
43e6b74b0852 Fix missing @ends.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32250
diff changeset
567 @end defun
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568
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parents: 32085
diff changeset
569 @deffn Command quoted-printable-encode-region @var{from} @var{to} &optional @var{fold} @var{class}
35523
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
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parents: 33671
diff changeset
570 QP-encode all the region. If @var{fold} is non-@var{nil}, fold lines
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
571 at 76 characters, as required by the RFC. If @var{class} is
35620
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parents: 35523
diff changeset
572 non-@code{nil}, translate the characters not matched by that regexp
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parents: 35523
diff changeset
573 class, which should be in the form expected by
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parents: 35523
diff changeset
574 @var{skip-chars-forward} and should probably not contain literal
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parents: 35523
diff changeset
575 eight-bit characters. Specifying @var{class} makes sense to do extra
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parents: 35523
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576 encoding in header fields.
35523
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
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parents: 33671
diff changeset
577
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
578 If variable @var{mm-use-ultra-safe-encoding} is defined and
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
579 non-@code{nil}, fold lines unconditionally and encode @samp{From } and
8a1b48ccaa0e QP tweaks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33671
diff changeset
580 @samp{-} at the start of lines..
32258
43e6b74b0852 Fix missing @ends.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32250
diff changeset
581 @end deffn
31853
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parents:
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582
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parents: 32085
diff changeset
583 @defun quoted-printable-encode-string string
086aff3bf8ca Modify licence notice. QP, base64 changes.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32085
diff changeset
584 Return a QP-encoded copy of @var{string}.
32258
43e6b74b0852 Fix missing @ends.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32250
diff changeset
585 @end defun
31853
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586
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587 @node base64
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parents:
diff changeset
588 @section base64
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589 @cindex base64
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590
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diff changeset
591 Base64 is an encoding that encodes three bytes into four characters,
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parents:
diff changeset
592 thereby increasing the size by about 33%. The alphabet used for
32248
086aff3bf8ca Modify licence notice. QP, base64 changes.
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parents: 32085
diff changeset
593 encoding is very resistant to mangling during transit. @xref{Base
086aff3bf8ca Modify licence notice. QP, base64 changes.
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parents: 32085
diff changeset
594 64,,Base 64 Encoding, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
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diff changeset
595
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596 @node binhex
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diff changeset
597 @section binhex
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diff changeset
598 @cindex binhex
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diff changeset
599 @cindex Apple
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parents:
diff changeset
600 @cindex Macintosh
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diff changeset
601
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
602 Binhex is an encoding that originated in Macintosh environments.
31853
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parents:
diff changeset
603 The following function is supplied to deal with these:
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parents:
diff changeset
604
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
605 @defun binhex-decode-region start end &optional header-only
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
606 Decode the encoded text in the region @var{start} to @var{end}. If
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
607 @var{header-only} is non-@code{nil}, only decode the @samp{binhex}
36152
0a6114a81c71 Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35620
diff changeset
608 header and return the file name.
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
609 @end defun
31853
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parents:
diff changeset
610
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parents:
diff changeset
611
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parents:
diff changeset
612 @node uudecode
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parents:
diff changeset
613 @section uudecode
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parents:
diff changeset
614 @cindex uuencode
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parents:
diff changeset
615 @cindex uudecode
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parents:
diff changeset
616
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
617 Uuencoding is probably still the most popular encoding of binaries
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
618 used on Usenet, although Base64 rules the mail world.
31853
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parents:
diff changeset
619
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diff changeset
620 The following function is supplied by this package:
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parents:
diff changeset
621
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diff changeset
622 @defun uudecode-decode-region start end &optional file-name
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
623 Decode the text in the region @var{start} to @var{end}. If
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
624 @var{file-name} is non-@code{nil}, save the result to @var{file-name}.
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
625 @end defun
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626
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627
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diff changeset
628 @node rfc1843
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parents:
diff changeset
629 @section rfc1843
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diff changeset
630 @cindex rfc1843
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parents:
diff changeset
631 @cindex HZ
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parents:
diff changeset
632 @cindex Chinese
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parents:
diff changeset
633
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
634 RFC1843 deals with mixing Chinese and @sc{ascii} characters in messages. In
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
635 essence, RFC1843 switches between @sc{ascii} and Chinese by doing this:
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parents:
diff changeset
636
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diff changeset
637 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
638 This sentence is in ASCII.
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parents:
diff changeset
639 The next sentence is in GB.~@{<:Ky2;S@{#,NpJ)l6HK!#~@}Bye.
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parents:
diff changeset
640 @end example
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diff changeset
641
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parents:
diff changeset
642 Simple enough, and widely used in China.
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parents:
diff changeset
643
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parents:
diff changeset
644 The following functions are available to handle this encoding:
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parents:
diff changeset
645
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
646 @defun rfc1843-decode-region start end
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
647 Decode HZ-encoded text in the region @var{start} to @var{end}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
648 @end defun
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diff changeset
649
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
650 @defun rfc1843-decode-string string
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
651 Decode the HZ-encoded @var{string} and return the result.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
652 @end defun
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653
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parents:
diff changeset
654
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 @node mailcap
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 @section mailcap
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
658 As specified by RFC 1524, @sc{mime}-aware message handlers parse
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
659 @dfn{mailcap} files from a default list, which can be overridden by the
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
660 @code{MAILCAP} environment variable. These describe how elements are
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
661 supposed to be displayed. Here's an example file:
31853
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 @example
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 image/*; gimp -8 %s
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 audio/wav; wavplayer %s
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 @end example
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
668 This says that all image files should be displayed with @command{gimp},
39539
1f0f069f32ea * emacs-mime.texi (mailcap): rvplayer -> wavplayer. Thanks to
ShengHuo ZHU <zsh@cs.rochester.edu>
parents: 38865
diff changeset
669 and that WAVE audio files should be played by @code{wavplayer}.
31853
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
671 The @code{mailcap} library parses such files, and provides functions for
31853
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 matching types.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
674 @defvar mailcap-mime-data
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
675 This variable is an alist of alists containing backup viewing rules for
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
676 @sc{mime} types. These are overridden by rules for a type found in
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
677 mailcap files. The outer alist is keyed on the major content-type and
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
678 the inner alists are keyed on the minor content-type (which can be a
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
679 regular expression).
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
680
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
681 @c Fixme: document this properly!
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
682 For example:
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
683 @example
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
684 (("application"
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
685 ("octet-stream"
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
686 (viewer . mailcap-save-binary-file)
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
687 (non-viewer . t)
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
688 (type . "application/octet-stream"))
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
689 ("plain"
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
690 (viewer . view-mode)
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
691 (test fboundp 'view-mode)
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
692 (type . "text/plain")))
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
693 @end example
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
694 @end defvar
31853
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parents:
diff changeset
695
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
696 @defopt mailcap-default-mime-data
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
697 This variable is the default value of @code{mailcap-mime-data}. It
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
698 exists to allow setting the value using Custom. It is merged with
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
699 values from mailcap files by @code{mailcap-parse-mailcaps}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
700 @end defopt
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
701
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
702 Although it is not specified by the RFC, @sc{mime} tools normally use a
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
703 common means of associating file extensions with defualt @sc{mime} types
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
704 in the absence of other information about the type of a file. The
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
705 information is found in per-user files @file{~/.mime.types} and system
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
706 @file{mime.types} files found in quasi-standard places. Here is an
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
707 example:
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
708
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
709 @example
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
710 application/x-dvi dvi
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
711 audio/mpeg mpga mpega mp2 mp3
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
712 image/jpeg jpeg jpg jpe
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
713 @end example
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
714
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
715
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
716 @defvar mailcap-mime-extensions
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
717 This variable is an alist @sc{mime} types keyed by file extensions.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
718 This is overridden by entries found in @file{mime.types} files.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
719 @end defvar
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
720
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
721 @defopt mailcap-default-mime-extensions
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
722 This variable is the default value of @code{mailcap-mime-extensions}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
723 It exists to allow setting the value using Custom. It is merged with
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
724 values from mailcap files by @code{mailcap-parse-mimetypes}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
725 @end defopt
31853
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parents:
diff changeset
726
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parents:
diff changeset
727 Interface functions:
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
728
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
729 @defun mailcap-parse-mailcaps &optional path force
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
730 Parse all the mailcap files specified in a path string @var{path} and
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
731 merge them with the values from @code{mailcap-mime-data}. Components of
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
732 @var{path} are separated by the @code{path-separator} character
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
733 appropriate for the system. If @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, the files
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
734 are re-parsed even if they have been parsed already. If @var{path} is
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
735 omitted, use the value of environment variable @code{MAILCAPS} if it is
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36152
diff changeset
736 set; otherwise (on GNU and Unix) use the path defined in RFC 1524, plus
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
737 @file{/usr/local/etc/mailcap}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
738 @end defun
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
739
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
740 @defun mailcap-parse-mimetypes &optional path force
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36152
diff changeset
741 Parse all the mimetypes specified in a path string @var{path}
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
742 and merge them with the values from @code{mailcap-mime-extensions}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
743 Components of @var{path} are separated by the @code{path-separator}
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
744 character appropriate for the system. If @var{path} is omitted, use the
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
745 value of environment variable @code{MIMETYPES} if set; otherwise use a
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
746 default path consistent with that used by @code{mailcap-parse-mailcaps}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
747 If @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, the files are re-parsed even if they
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
748 have been parsed already.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
749 @end defun
31853
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
751 @defun mailcap-mime-info string &optional request
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
752 Gets the viewer command for content-type @var{string}. @code{nil} is
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
753 returned if none is found. Expects @var{string} to be a complete
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
754 content-type header line.
31853
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
756 If @var{request} is non-@code{nil} it specifies what information to
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
757 return. If it is nil or the empty string, the viewer (second field of
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
758 the mailcap entry) will be returned. If it is a string, then the
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
759 mailcap field corresponding to that string will be returned
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
760 (@samp{print}, @samp{description}, whatever). If it is a number, all
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
761 the information for this viewer is returned. If it is @code{all}, then
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
762 all possible viewers for this type is returned.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
763 @end defun
31853
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
764
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
765 @defun mailcap-mime-types
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
766 This function returns a list of all the defined media types.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
767 @end defun
31853
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
769 @defun mailcap-extension-to-mime extension
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
770 This function returns the content type defined for a file with the given
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
771 @var{extension}.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
772 @end defun
31853
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parents:
diff changeset
773
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parents:
diff changeset
774
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @node Decoding and Viewing
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 @chapter Decoding and Viewing
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 This chapter deals with decoding and viewing @sc{mime} messages on a
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 higher level.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 The main idea is to first analyze a @sc{mime} article, and then allow
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 other programs to do things based on the list of @dfn{handles} that are
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 returned as a result of this analysis.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 @menu
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 * Dissection:: Analyzing a @sc{mime} message.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 * Handles:: Handle manipulations.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 * Display:: Displaying handles.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 * Customization:: Variables that affect display.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 * New Viewers:: How to write your own viewers.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 @end menu
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @node Dissection
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 @section Dissection
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 The @code{mm-dissect-buffer} is the function responsible for dissecting
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 a @sc{mime} article. If given a multipart message, it will recursively
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 descend the message, following the structure, and return a tree of
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 @sc{mime} handles that describes the structure of the message.
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 @node Handles
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 @section Handles
25af74a14174 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
806 A @sc{mime} handle is a list that fully describes a @sc{mime} component.
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807
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808 The following macros can be used to access elements from the
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diff changeset
809 @var{handle} argument:
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810
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diff changeset
811 @defmac mm-handle-buffer handle
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812 Return the buffer that holds the contents of the undecoded @sc{mime}
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parents:
diff changeset
813 part.
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diff changeset
814 @end defmac
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815
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diff changeset
816 @defmac mm-handle-type handle
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diff changeset
817 Return the parsed @samp{Content-Type} of the part.
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818 @end defmac
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819
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820 @defmac mm-handle-encoding handle
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diff changeset
821 Return the @samp{Content-Transfer-Encoding} of the part.
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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822 @end defmac
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823
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824 @defmac mm-handle-undisplayer handle
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825 Return the function that can be used to remove the displayed part (if it
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826 has been displayed).
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827 @end defmac
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828
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diff changeset
829 @defmac mm-handle-set-undisplayer handle function
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830 Set the undisplayer function for the part to function.
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831 @end defmac
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832
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833 @defmac mm-handle-disposition
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834 Return the parsed @samp{Content-Disposition} of the part.
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835 @end defmac
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836
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837 @defmac mm-handle-disposition
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838 Return the description of the part.
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839 @end defmac
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840
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841 @defmac mm-get-content-id id
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842 Returns the handle(s) referred to by @var{id}, the @samp{Content-ID} of
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843 the part.
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844 @end defmac
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845
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846
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847 @node Display
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848 @section Display
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849
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850 Functions for displaying, removing and saving. In the descriptions
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851 below, `the part' means the @sc{mime} part represented by the
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852 @var{handle} argument.
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853
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854 @defun mm-display-part handle &optional no-default
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855 Display the part. Return @code{nil} if the part is removed,
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856 @code{inline} if it is displayed inline or @code{external} if it is
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857 displayed externally. If @var{no-default} is non-@code{nil}, the part
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858 is not displayed unless the @sc{mime} type of @var{handle} is defined to
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859 be displayed inline or there is an display method defined for it; i.e.@:
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860 no default external method will be used.
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861 @end defun
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862
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863 @defun mm-remove-part handle
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864 Remove the part if it has been displayed.
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diff changeset
865 @end defun
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866
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867 @defun mm-inlinable-p handle
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868 Return non-@code{nil} if the part can be displayed inline.
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869 @end defun
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870
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871 @defun mm-automatic-display-p handle
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872 Return non-@code{nil} if the user has requested automatic display of the
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873 @sc{mime} type of the part.
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874 @end defun
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875
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876 @defun mm-destroy-part handle
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
877 Free all the resources used by the part.
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878 @end defun
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879
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880 @defun mm-save-part handle
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881 Save the part to a file. The user is prompted for a file name to use.
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882 @end defun
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883
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884 @defun mm-pipe-part handle
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885 Pipe the part through a shell command. The user is prompted for the
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diff changeset
886 command to use.
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887 @end defun
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888
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889 @defun mm-interactively-view-part handle
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diff changeset
890 Prompt for a mailcap method to use to view the part and display it
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diff changeset
891 externally using that method.
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diff changeset
892 @end defun
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893
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894
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diff changeset
895 @node Customization
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diff changeset
896 @section Customization
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897
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diff changeset
898 The display of @sc{mime} types may be customized with the following
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diff changeset
899 options.
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diff changeset
900
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901 @defopt mm-inline-media-tests
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902 This is an alist where the key is a @sc{mime} type, the second element
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diff changeset
903 is a function to display the part @dfn{inline} (i.e., inside Emacs), and
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904 the third element is a form to be @code{eval}ed to say whether the part
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905 can be displayed inline.
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906
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diff changeset
907 This variable specifies whether a part @emph{can} be displayed inline,
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diff changeset
908 and, if so, how to do it. It does not say whether parts are
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909 @emph{actually} displayed inline.
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diff changeset
910 @end defopt
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911
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912 @defopt mm-inlined-types
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913 This, on the other hand, says what types are to be displayed inline, if
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diff changeset
914 they satisfy the conditions set by the variable above. It's a list of
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915 @sc{mime} media types.
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916 @end defopt
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917
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918 @defopt mm-automatic-display
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919 This is a list of types that are to be displayed ``automatically'', but
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920 only if the above variable allows it. That is, only inlinable parts can
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921 be displayed automatically.
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922 @end defopt
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923
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924 @defopt mm-attachment-override-types
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925 Some @sc{mime} agents create parts that have a content-disposition of
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926 @samp{attachment}. This variable allows overriding that disposition and
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927 displaying the part inline. (Note that the disposition is only
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928 overridden if we are able to, and want to, display the part inline.)
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929 @end defopt
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930
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931 @defopt mm-discouraged-alternatives
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932 List of @sc{mime} types that are discouraged when viewing
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diff changeset
933 @samp{multipart/alternative}. Viewing agents are supposed to view the
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934 last possible part of a message, as that is supposed to be the richest.
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935 However, users may prefer other types instead, and this list says what
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diff changeset
936 types are most unwanted. If, for instance, @samp{text/html} parts are
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937 very unwanted, and @samp{text/richtech} parts are somewhat unwanted,
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diff changeset
938 then the value of this variable should be set to:
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939
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940 @lisp
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941 ("text/html" "text/richtext")
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942 @end lisp
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943 @end defopt
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944
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945 @defopt mm-inline-large-images-p
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946 When displaying inline images that are larger than the window, XEmacs
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947 does not enable scrolling, which means that you cannot see the whole
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diff changeset
948 image. To prevent this, the library tries to determine the image size
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diff changeset
949 before displaying it inline, and if it doesn't fit the window, the
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diff changeset
950 library will display it externally (e.g. with @samp{ImageMagick} or
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951 @samp{xv}). Setting this variable to @code{t} disables this check and
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952 makes the library display all inline images as inline, regardless of
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953 their size.
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954 @end defopt
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955
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diff changeset
956 @defopt mm-inline-override-p
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957 @code{mm-inlined-types} may include regular expressions, for example to
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diff changeset
958 specify that all @samp{text/.*} parts be displayed inline. If a user
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diff changeset
959 prefers to have a type that matches such a regular expression be treated
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diff changeset
960 as an attachment, that can be accomplished by setting this variable to a
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diff changeset
961 list containing that type. For example assuming @code{mm-inlined-types}
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962 includes @samp{text/.*}, then including @samp{text/html} in this
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parents:
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963 variable will cause @samp{text/html} parts to be treated as attachments.
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964 @end defopt
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965
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966
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967 @node New Viewers
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968 @section New Viewers
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969
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970 Here's an example viewer for displaying @samp{text/enriched} inline:
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971
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972 @lisp
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973 (defun mm-display-enriched-inline (handle)
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974 (let (text)
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975 (with-temp-buffer
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976 (mm-insert-part handle)
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977 (save-window-excursion
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978 (enriched-decode (point-min) (point-max))
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979 (setq text (buffer-string))))
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980 (mm-insert-inline handle text)))
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981 @end lisp
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982
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983 We see that the function takes a @sc{mime} handle as its parameter. It
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
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984 then goes to a temporary buffer, inserts the text of the part, does some
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985 work on the text, stores the result, goes back to the buffer it was
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986 called from and inserts the result.
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987
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988 The two important helper functions here are @code{mm-insert-part} and
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989 @code{mm-insert-inline}. The first function inserts the text of the
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990 handle in the current buffer. It handles charset and/or content
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991 transfer decoding. The second function just inserts whatever text you
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992 tell it to insert, but it also sets things up so that the text can be
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993 ``undisplayed' in a convenient manner.
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994
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995
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996 @node Composing
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997 @chapter Composing
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998 @cindex Composing
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999 @cindex MIME Composing
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1000 @cindex MML
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1001 @cindex MIME Meta Language
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1002
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1003 Creating a @sc{mime} message is boring and non-trivial. Therefore, a
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1004 library called @code{mml} has been defined that parses a language called
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1005 MML (@sc{mime} Meta Language) and generates @sc{mime} messages.
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1006
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1007 @findex mml-generate-mime
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1008 The main interface function is @code{mml-generate-mime}. It will
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1009 examine the contents of the current (narrowed-to) buffer and return a
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1010 string containing the @sc{mime} message.
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1011
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1012 @menu
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1013 * Simple MML Example:: An example MML document.
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1014 * MML Definition:: All valid MML elements.
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1015 * Advanced MML Example:: Another example MML document.
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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1016 * Charset Translation:: How charsets are mapped from Mule to MIME.
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1017 * Conversion:: Going from @sc{mime} to MML and vice versa.
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1018 @end menu
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1019
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1020
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1021 @node Simple MML Example
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1022 @section Simple MML Example
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1023
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1024 Here's a simple @samp{multipart/alternative}:
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1025
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1026 @example
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1027 <#multipart type=alternative>
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1028 This is a plain text part.
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1029 <#part type=text/enriched>
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1030 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center>
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1031 <#/multipart>
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1032 @end example
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1033
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1034 After running this through @code{mml-generate-mime}, we get this:
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1035
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1036 @example
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1037 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=-=-="
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1038
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1039
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diff changeset
1040 --=-=-=
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1041
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1042
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1043 This is a plain text part.
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1044
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1045 --=-=-=
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1046 Content-Type: text/enriched
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1047
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1048
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1049 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center>
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1050
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1051 --=-=-=--
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1052 @end example
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1053
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1054
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1055 @node MML Definition
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1056 @section MML Definition
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1057
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1058 The MML language is very simple. It looks a bit like an SGML
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1059 application, but it's not.
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1060
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1061 The main concept of MML is the @dfn{part}. Each part can be of a
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1062 different type or use a different charset. The way to delineate a part
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1063 is with a @samp{<#part ...>} tag. Multipart parts can be introduced
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1064 with the @samp{<#multipart ...>} tag. Parts are ended by the
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1065 @samp{<#/part>} or @samp{<#/multipart>} tags. Parts started with the
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1066 @samp{<#part ...>} tags are also closed by the next open tag.
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1067
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1068 There's also the @samp{<#external ...>} tag. These introduce
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1069 @samp{external/message-body} parts.
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1070
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1071 Each tag can contain zero or more parameters on the form
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1072 @samp{parameter=value}. The values may be enclosed in quotation marks,
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1073 but that's not necessary unless the value contains white space. So
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1074 @samp{filename=/home/user/#hello$^yes} is perfectly valid.
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1075
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1076 The following parameters have meaning in MML; parameters that have no
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1077 meaning are ignored. The MML parameter names are the same as the
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1078 @sc{mime} parameter names; the things in the parentheses say which
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1079 header it will be used in.
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1080
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1081 @table @samp
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1082 @item type
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1083 The @sc{mime} type of the part (@samp{Content-Type}).
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1084
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1085 @item filename
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1086 Use the contents of the file in the body of the part
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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1087 (@samp{Content-Disposition}).
31853
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1088
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1089 @item charset
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1090 The contents of the body of the part are to be encoded in the character
46918
82d113655734 Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents: 43961
diff changeset
1091 set specified (@samp{Content-Type}).
31853
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1092
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1093 @item name
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1094 Might be used to suggest a file name if the part is to be saved
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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1095 to a file (@samp{Content-Type}).
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1096
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1097 @item disposition
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1098 Valid values are @samp{inline} and @samp{attachment}
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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1099 (@samp{Content-Disposition}).
31853
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1100
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1101 @item encoding
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1102 Valid values are @samp{7bit}, @samp{8bit}, @samp{quoted-printable} and
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1103 @samp{base64} (@samp{Content-Transfer-Encoding}).
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1104
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1105 @item description
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diff changeset
1106 A description of the part (@samp{Content-Description}).
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1107
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1108 @item creation-date
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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diff changeset
1109 RFC822 date when the part was created (@samp{Content-Disposition}).
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1110
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1111 @item modification-date
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1112 RFC822 date when the part was modified (@samp{Content-Disposition}).
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1113
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1114 @item read-date
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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diff changeset
1115 RFC822 date when the part was read (@samp{Content-Disposition}).
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1116
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1117 @item size
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1118 The size (in octets) of the part (@samp{Content-Disposition}).
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1119
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1120 @end table
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1121
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1122 Parameters for @samp{application/octet-stream}:
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1123
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1124 @table @samp
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1125 @item type
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1126 Type of the part; informal---meant for human readers
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1127 (@samp{Content-Type}).
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1128 @end table
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1129
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1130 Parameters for @samp{message/external-body}:
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1131
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1132 @table @samp
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1133 @item access-type
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1134 A word indicating the supported access mechanism by which the file may
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1135 be obtained. Values include @samp{ftp}, @samp{anon-ftp}, @samp{tftp},
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diff changeset
1136 @samp{localfile}, and @samp{mailserver}. (@samp{Content-Type}.)
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1137
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diff changeset
1138 @item expiration
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diff changeset
1139 The RFC822 date after which the file may no longer be fetched.
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diff changeset
1140 (@samp{Content-Type}.)
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1141
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1142 @item size
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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parents: 32258
diff changeset
1143 The size (in octets) of the file. (@samp{Content-Type}.)
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1144
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1145 @item permission
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1146 Valid values are @samp{read} and @samp{read-write}
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4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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diff changeset
1147 (@samp{Content-Type}).
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1148
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1149 @end table
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1150
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1151
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1152 @node Advanced MML Example
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1153 @section Advanced MML Example
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1154
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1155 Here's a complex multipart message. It's a @samp{multipart/mixed} that
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1156 contains many parts, one of which is a @samp{multipart/alternative}.
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1157
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1158 @example
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1159 <#multipart type=mixed>
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1160 <#part type=image/jpeg filename=~/rms.jpg disposition=inline>
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1161 <#multipart type=alternative>
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1162 This is a plain text part.
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1163 <#part type=text/enriched name=enriched.txt>
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1164 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center>
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1165 <#/multipart>
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1166 This is a new plain text part.
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1167 <#part disposition=attachment>
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1168 This plain text part is an attachment.
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1169 <#/multipart>
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1170 @end example
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1171
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1172 And this is the resulting @sc{mime} message:
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1173
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1174 @example
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1175 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="=-=-="
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1176
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1177
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1178 --=-=-=
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1179
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1180
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1181
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1182 --=-=-=
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1183 Content-Type: image/jpeg;
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1184 filename="~/rms.jpg"
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1185 Content-Disposition: inline;
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1186 filename="~/rms.jpg"
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1187 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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1188
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1189 /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof
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1190 Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/wAALCAAwADABAREA/8QAHwAA
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1191 AQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQR
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1192 BRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RF
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1193 RkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ip
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1194 qrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oACAEB
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1195 AAA/AO/rifFHjldNuGsrDa0qcSSHkA+gHrXKw+LtWLrMb+RgTyhbr+HSug07xNqV9fQtZrNI
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1196 AyiaE/NuBPOOOP0rvRNE880KOC8TbXXGCv1FPqjrF4LDR7u5L7SkTFT/ALWOP1xXgTuXfc7E
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1197 sx6nua6rwp4IvvEM8chCxWxOdzn7wz6V9AaB4S07w9p5itow0rDLSY5Pt9K43xO66P4xs71m
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1198 2QXiGCbA4yOVJ9+1aYORkdK434lyNH4ahCnG66VT9Nj15JFbPdX0MS43M4VQf5/yr2vSpLnw
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diff changeset
1199 5ZW8dlCZ8KFXjOPX0/mK6rSPEGt3Angu44fNEReHYNvIH3TzXDeKNO8RX+kSX2ouZkicTIOc
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1200 L+g7E810ulFjpVtv3bwgB3HJyK5L4quY/C9sVxk3ij/xx6850u7t1mtp/wDlpEw3An3Jr3Dw
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1201 34gsbWza4nBlhC5LDsaW6+IFgupQyCF3iHH7gA7c9R9ay7zx6t7aX9jHC4smhfBkGCvHGfrm
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parents:
diff changeset
1202 tLQ7hbnRrV1GPkAP1x1/Hr+Ncr8Vzjwrbf8AX6v/AKA9eQRyYlQk8Yx9K6XTNbkgia2ciSIn
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diff changeset
1203 7p5Ga9Atte0LTLKO6it4i7dVRFJDcZ4PvXN+JvEMF9bILVGXJLSZ4zkjivRPDaeX4b08HOTC
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parents:
diff changeset
1204 pOffmua+KkbS+GLVUGT9tT/0B68eeIpIFYjB70+OOVXyoOM9+M1eaWeCLzHPyHGO/NVWvJJm
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diff changeset
1205 jQ8KGH1NfQWhXSXmh2c8eArRLwO3HSv/2Q==
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diff changeset
1206
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diff changeset
1207 --=-=-=
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1208 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="==-=-="
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1209
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1210
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diff changeset
1211 --==-=-=
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diff changeset
1212
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1213
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1214 This is a plain text part.
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1215
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diff changeset
1216 --==-=-=
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diff changeset
1217 Content-Type: text/enriched;
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diff changeset
1218 name="enriched.txt"
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diff changeset
1219
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1220
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1221 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center>
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1222
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diff changeset
1223 --==-=-=--
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1224
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diff changeset
1225 --=-=-=
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diff changeset
1226
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diff changeset
1227 This is a new plain text part.
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diff changeset
1228
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diff changeset
1229 --=-=-=
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diff changeset
1230 Content-Disposition: attachment
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diff changeset
1231
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1232
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diff changeset
1233 This plain text part is an attachment.
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diff changeset
1234
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diff changeset
1235 --=-=-=--
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diff changeset
1236 @end example
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diff changeset
1237
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diff changeset
1238 @node Charset Translation
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diff changeset
1239 @section Charset Translation
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diff changeset
1240 @cindex charsets
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diff changeset
1241
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diff changeset
1242 During translation from MML to @sc{mime}, for each @sc{mime} part which
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
1243 has been composed inside Emacs, an appropriate @sc{mime} charset has to
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
1244 be chosen.
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diff changeset
1245
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diff changeset
1246 @vindex mail-parse-charset
47439
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1247 @cindex unibyte Emacs
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1248 If you are running a non-Mule XEmacs, or Emacs in unibyte
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1249 mode@footnote{Deprecated!}, this process is simple: if the part
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
1250 contains any non-@sc{ascii} (8-bit) characters, the @sc{mime} charset
31853
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parents:
diff changeset
1251 given by @code{mail-parse-charset} (a symbol) is used. (Never set this
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parents:
diff changeset
1252 variable directly, though. If you want to change the default charset,
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parents:
diff changeset
1253 please consult the documentation of the package which you use to process
33435
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
1254 @sc{mime} messages. @xref{Various Message Variables, , Various Message
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
1255 Variables, message, Message Manual}, for example.) If there are only
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
1256 @sc{ascii} characters, the @sc{mime} charset @samp{US-ASCII} is used, of
4ef19e88da9a Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 32258
diff changeset
1257 course.
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diff changeset
1258
47439
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
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parents: 46918
diff changeset
1259 @cindex multibyte Emacs
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1260 @cindex @code{mime-charset} property
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1261 In a normal (multibyte) Emacs session, a list of coding systems is
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1262 derived that can encode the message part's content and correspond to
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1263 MIME charsets (according to their @code{mime-charset} property). This
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1264 list is according to the normal priority rules and the highest priority
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1265 one is chosen to encode the part. If no such coding system can encode
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1266 the part's contents, they are split into several parts such that each
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1267 can be encoded with an appropriate coding system/@sc{mime}
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1268 charset.@footnote{The part can only be split at line boundaries,
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1269 though---if more than one @sc{mime} charset is required to encode a
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1270 single line, it is not possible to encode the part.} Note that this
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1271 procedure works with any correctly-defined coding systems, not just
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1272 built-in ones. Given a suitably-defined UTF-8 coding system---one
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1273 capable of encoding the Emacs charsets you use---it is not normally
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1274 necessary to split a part by charset.
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1275
31853
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diff changeset
1276 @vindex mm-mime-mule-charset-alist
47439
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1277 @cindex XEmacs/Mule
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1278 It isn't possible to do this properly in XEmacs/Mule. Instead, a list
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1279 of the Mule charsets used in the part is obtained, and the
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1280 corresponding @sc{mime} charsets are determined by lookup in
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1281 @code{mm-mime-mule-charset-alist}. If the list elements all
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1282 correspond to a single @sc{mime} charset, that is used to encode the
8e23c317f989 (Charset Translation): Fix description of process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 46918
diff changeset
1283 part. Otherwise, the part is split as above.
31853
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diff changeset
1284
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diff changeset
1285 @node Conversion
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diff changeset
1286 @section Conversion
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parents:
diff changeset
1287
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parents:
diff changeset
1288 @findex mime-to-mml
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parents:
diff changeset
1289 A (multipart) @sc{mime} message can be converted to MML with the
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 @code{mime-to-mml} function. It works on the message in the current
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 buffer, and substitutes MML markup for @sc{mime} boundaries.
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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1292 Non-textual parts do not have their contents in the buffer, but instead
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1293 have the contents in separate buffers that are referred to from the MML
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1294 tags.
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1295
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1296 @findex mml-to-mime
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1297 An MML message can be converted back to @sc{mime} by the
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1298 @code{mml-to-mime} function.
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1299
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1300 These functions are in certain senses ``lossy''---you will not get back
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1301 an identical message if you run @sc{mime-to-mml} and then
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1302 @sc{mml-to-mime}. Not only will trivial things like the order of the
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1303 headers differ, but the contents of the headers may also be different.
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1304 For instance, the original message may use base64 encoding on text,
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1305 while @sc{mml-to-mime} may decide to use quoted-printable encoding, and
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1306 so on.
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1307
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1308 In essence, however, these two functions should be the inverse of each
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1309 other. The resulting contents of the message should remain equivalent,
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1310 if not identical.
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1311
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1312
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1313 @node Standards
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1314 @chapter Standards
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1315
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1316 The Emacs @sc{mime} library implements handling of various elements
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1317 according to a (somewhat) large number of RFCs, drafts and standards
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1318 documents. This chapter lists the relevant ones. They can all be
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1319 fetched from @samp{http://quimby.gnus.org/notes/}.
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1320
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1321 @table @dfn
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1322 @item RFC822
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1323 @itemx STD11
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1324 Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages.
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1325
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1326 @item RFC1036
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1327 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages
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1328
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1329 @item RFC1524
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1330 A User Agent Configuration Mechanism For Multimedia Mail Format
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1331 Information
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1332
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1333 @item RFC2045
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1334 Format of Internet Message Bodies
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1335
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1336 @item RFC2046
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1337 Media Types
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1338
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1339 @item RFC2047
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1340 Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text
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1341
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1342 @item RFC2048
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1343 Registration Procedures
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1344
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1345 @item RFC2049
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1346 Conformance Criteria and Examples
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1347
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1348 @item RFC2231
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1349 MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets,
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1350 Languages, and Continuations
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1351
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1352 @item RFC1843
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1353 HZ - A Data Format for Exchanging Files of Arbitrarily Mixed Chinese and
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1354 ASCII characters
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1355
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1356 @item draft-ietf-drums-msg-fmt-05.txt
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1357 Draft for the successor of RFC822
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1358
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1359 @item RFC2112
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1360 The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type
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1361
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1362 @item RFC1892
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1363 The Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail System
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1364 Administrative Messages
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1365
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1366 @item RFC2183
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1367 Communicating Presentation Information in Internet Messages: The
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1368 Content-Disposition Header Field
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1369
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1370 @end table
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1371
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1372
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1373 @node Index
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1374 @chapter Index
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1375 @printindex cp
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1376 @printindex fn
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1377
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1378 @summarycontents
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1379 @contents
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1380 @bye
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1381
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1382 @c End:
52401
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1383
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1384 @ignore
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1385 arch-tag: c7ef2fd0-a91c-4e10-aa52-c1a2b11b1a8d
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1386 @end ignore