Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/emacs-mime.texi @ 56210:92bfc3abe98f
(goto-address-fontify): Fix help-echo text.
author | Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu> |
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date | Wed, 23 Jun 2004 14:39:11 +0000 |
parents | 695cf19ef79e |
children | 55fd4f77387a fd8097053f04 375f2633d815 |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-mode: texinfo; coding: latin-1 -*- |
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3 @setfilename ../info/emacs-mime |
31853 | 4 @settitle Emacs MIME Manual |
5 @synindex fn cp | |
6 @synindex vr cp | |
7 @synindex pg cp | |
8 | |
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9 @copying |
31853 | 10 This file documents the Emacs MIME interface functionality. |
11 | |
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12 Copyright (C) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
31853 | 13 |
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14 @quotation |
31853 | 15 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
16 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or | |
32258 | 17 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
18 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU | |
36152 | 19 Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
31853 | 20 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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21 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
31853 | 22 |
23 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify | |
24 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free | |
25 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' | |
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26 |
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27 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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28 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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29 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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30 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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31 @end quotation |
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32 @end copying |
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34 @dircategory Emacs |
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35 @direntry |
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36 * MIME: (emacs-mime). Emacs MIME de/composition library. |
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37 @end direntry |
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38 @iftex |
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39 @finalout |
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40 @end iftex |
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41 @setchapternewpage odd |
31853 | 42 |
43 @titlepage | |
44 @title Emacs MIME Manual | |
45 | |
46 @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen | |
47 @page | |
48 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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49 @insertcopying |
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50 @end titlepage |
31853 | 51 |
52 | |
53 @node Top | |
54 @top Emacs MIME | |
55 | |
56 This manual documents the libraries used to compose and display | |
57 @sc{mime} messages. | |
58 | |
59 This is not a manual meant for users; it's a manual directed at people | |
60 who want to write functions and commands that manipulate @sc{mime} | |
61 elements. | |
62 | |
63 @sc{mime} is short for @dfn{Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions}. | |
64 This standard is documented in a number of RFCs; mainly RFC2045 (Format | |
65 of Internet Message Bodies), RFC2046 (Media Types), RFC2047 (Message | |
66 Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text), RFC2048 (Registration | |
67 Procedures), RFC2049 (Conformance Criteria and Examples). It is highly | |
68 recommended that anyone who intends writing @sc{mime}-compliant software | |
69 read at least RFC2045 and RFC2047. | |
70 | |
71 @menu | |
72 * Interface Functions:: An abstraction over the basic functions. | |
73 * Basic Functions:: Utility and basic parsing functions. | |
74 * Decoding and Viewing:: A framework for decoding and viewing. | |
75 * Composing:: MML; a language for describing MIME parts. | |
76 * Standards:: A summary of RFCs and working documents used. | |
77 * Index:: Function and variable index. | |
78 @end menu | |
79 | |
80 | |
81 @node Interface Functions | |
82 @chapter Interface Functions | |
83 @cindex interface functions | |
84 @cindex mail-parse | |
85 | |
86 The @code{mail-parse} library is an abstraction over the actual | |
87 low-level libraries that are described in the next chapter. | |
88 | |
89 Standards change, and so programs have to change to fit in the new | |
90 mold. For instance, RFC2045 describes a syntax for the | |
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91 @code{Content-Type} header that only allows @sc{ascii} characters in the |
31853 | 92 parameter list. RFC2231 expands on RFC2045 syntax to provide a scheme |
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93 for continuation headers and non-@sc{ascii} characters. |
31853 | 94 |
95 The traditional way to deal with this is just to update the library | |
96 functions to parse the new syntax. However, this is sometimes the wrong | |
97 thing to do. In some instances it may be vital to be able to understand | |
98 both the old syntax as well as the new syntax, and if there is only one | |
99 library, one must choose between the old version of the library and the | |
100 new version of the library. | |
101 | |
102 The Emacs MIME library takes a different tack. It defines a series of | |
103 low-level libraries (@file{rfc2047.el}, @file{rfc2231.el} and so on) | |
104 that parses strictly according to the corresponding standard. However, | |
105 normal programs would not use the functions provided by these libraries | |
106 directly, but instead use the functions provided by the | |
107 @code{mail-parse} library. The functions in this library are just | |
108 aliases to the corresponding functions in the latest low-level | |
109 libraries. Using this scheme, programs get a consistent interface they | |
110 can use, and library developers are free to create write code that | |
111 handles new standards. | |
112 | |
113 The following functions are defined by this library: | |
114 | |
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115 @defun mail-header-parse-content-type string |
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116 Parse @var{string}, a @code{Content-Type} header, and return a |
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117 content-type list in the following format: |
31853 | 118 |
119 @lisp | |
120 ("type/subtype" | |
121 (attribute1 . value1) | |
122 (attribute2 . value2) | |
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123 @dots{}) |
31853 | 124 @end lisp |
125 | |
126 Here's an example: | |
127 | |
128 @example | |
129 (mail-header-parse-content-type | |
130 "image/gif; name=\"b980912.gif\"") | |
131 @result{} ("image/gif" (name . "b980912.gif")) | |
132 @end example | |
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133 @end defun |
31853 | 134 |
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135 @defun mail-header-parse-content-disposition string |
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136 Parse @var{string}, a @code{Content-Disposition} header, and return a |
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137 content-type list in the format above. |
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138 @end defun |
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140 @defun mail-content-type-get ct attribute |
31853 | 141 @findex mail-content-type-get |
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142 Returns the value of the given @var{attribute} from the content-type |
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143 list @var{ct}. |
31853 | 144 |
145 @example | |
146 (mail-content-type-get | |
147 '("image/gif" (name . "b980912.gif")) 'name) | |
148 @result{} "b980912.gif" | |
149 @end example | |
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150 @end defun |
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152 @defun mail-header-encode-parameter param value |
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153 Takes a parameter string @samp{@var{param}=@var{value}} and returns an |
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154 encoded version of it. This is used for parameters in headers like |
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155 @samp{Content-Type} and @samp{Content-Disposition}. |
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156 @end defun |
31853 | 157 |
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158 @defun mail-header-remove-comments string |
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159 Return a comment-free version of @var{string}. |
31853 | 160 |
161 @example | |
162 (mail-header-remove-comments | |
163 "Gnus/5.070027 (Pterodactyl Gnus v0.27) (Finnish Landrace)") | |
164 @result{} "Gnus/5.070027 " | |
165 @end example | |
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166 @end defun |
31853 | 167 |
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168 @defun mail-header-remove-whitespace string |
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169 Remove linear white space from @var{string}. Space inside quoted |
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170 strings and comments is preserved. |
31853 | 171 |
172 @example | |
173 (mail-header-remove-whitespace | |
174 "image/gif; name=\"Name with spaces\"") | |
175 @result{} "image/gif;name=\"Name with spaces\"" | |
176 @end example | |
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177 @end defun |
31853 | 178 |
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179 @defun mail-header-get-comment string |
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180 Return the last comment in @var{string}. |
31853 | 181 |
182 @example | |
183 (mail-header-get-comment | |
184 "Gnus/5.070027 (Pterodactyl Gnus v0.27) (Finnish Landrace)") | |
185 @result{} "Finnish Landrace" | |
186 @end example | |
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187 @end defun |
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189 |
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190 @defun mail-header-parse-address string |
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191 Parse an address string @var{string} and return a list containing the |
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192 mailbox and the plaintext name. |
31853 | 193 |
194 @example | |
195 (mail-header-parse-address | |
196 "Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr>") | |
197 @result{} ("hniksic@@srce.hr" . "Hrvoje Niksic") | |
198 @end example | |
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199 @end defun |
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201 @defun mail-header-parse-addresses string |
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202 Parse @var{string} as a list of addresses and return a list of elements |
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203 like the one described above. |
31853 | 204 |
205 @example | |
206 (mail-header-parse-addresses | |
207 "Hrvoje Niksic <hniksic@@srce.hr>, Steinar Bang <sb@@metis.no>") | |
208 @result{} (("hniksic@@srce.hr" . "Hrvoje Niksic") | |
209 ("sb@@metis.no" . "Steinar Bang")) | |
210 @end example | |
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211 @end defun |
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213 @defun mail-header-parse-date string |
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214 Parse a date @var{string} and return an Emacs time structure. |
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215 @end defun |
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217 @defun mail-narrow-to-head |
31853 | 218 Narrow the buffer to the header section of the buffer. Point is placed |
219 at the beginning of the narrowed buffer. | |
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220 @end defun |
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222 @defun mail-header-narrow-to-field |
31853 | 223 Narrow the buffer to the header under point. |
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224 @end defun |
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226 @defun mail-encode-encoded-word-region start end |
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227 Encode the non-@sc{ascii} words in the region @var{start}to @var{end}. For |
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228 instance, @samp{Naïve} is encoded as @samp{=?iso-8859-1?q?Na=EFve?=}. |
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229 @end defun |
31853 | 230 |
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231 @defun mail-encode-encoded-word-buffer |
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232 Encode the non-@sc{ascii} words in the current buffer. This function is |
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233 meant to be called with the buffer narrowed to the headers of a message. |
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234 @end defun |
31853 | 235 |
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236 @defun mail-encode-encoded-word-string string |
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237 Encode the words that need encoding in @var{string}, and return the |
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238 result. |
31853 | 239 |
240 @example | |
241 (mail-encode-encoded-word-string | |
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242 "This is naïve, baby") |
31853 | 243 @result{} "This is =?iso-8859-1?q?na=EFve,?= baby" |
244 @end example | |
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245 @end defun |
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247 @defun mail-decode-encoded-word-region start end |
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248 Decode the encoded words in the region @var{start}to @var{end}. |
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249 @end defun |
31853 | 250 |
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251 @defun mail-decode-encoded-word-string string |
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252 Decode the encoded words in @var{string} and return the result. |
31853 | 253 |
254 @example | |
255 (mail-decode-encoded-word-string | |
256 "This is =?iso-8859-1?q?na=EFve,?= baby") | |
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257 @result{} "This is naïve, baby" |
31853 | 258 @end example |
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259 @end defun |
31853 | 260 |
261 Currently, @code{mail-parse} is an abstraction over @code{ietf-drums}, | |
262 @code{rfc2047}, @code{rfc2045} and @code{rfc2231}. These are documented | |
263 in the subsequent sections. | |
264 | |
265 | |
266 | |
267 @node Basic Functions | |
268 @chapter Basic Functions | |
269 | |
270 This chapter describes the basic, ground-level functions for parsing and | |
271 handling. Covered here is parsing @code{From} lines, removing comments | |
272 from header lines, decoding encoded words, parsing date headers and so | |
273 on. High-level functionality is dealt with in the next chapter | |
274 (@pxref{Decoding and Viewing}). | |
275 | |
276 @menu | |
277 * rfc2045:: Encoding @code{Content-Type} headers. | |
278 * rfc2231:: Parsing @code{Content-Type} headers. | |
279 * ietf-drums:: Handling mail headers defined by RFC822bis. | |
280 * rfc2047:: En/decoding encoded words in headers. | |
281 * time-date:: Functions for parsing dates and manipulating time. | |
282 * qp:: Quoted-Printable en/decoding. | |
283 * base64:: Base64 en/decoding. | |
284 * binhex:: Binhex decoding. | |
285 * uudecode:: Uuencode decoding. | |
286 * rfc1843:: Decoding HZ-encoded text. | |
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287 * mailcap:: How parts are displayed is specified by mailcap files |
31853 | 288 @end menu |
289 | |
290 | |
291 @node rfc2045 | |
292 @section rfc2045 | |
293 | |
294 RFC2045 is the ``main'' @sc{mime} document, and as such, one would | |
295 imagine that there would be a lot to implement. But there isn't, since | |
296 most of the implementation details are delegated to the subsequent | |
297 RFCs. | |
298 | |
299 So @file{rfc2045.el} has only a single function: | |
300 | |
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301 @defun rfc2045-encode-string parameter value |
31853 | 302 @findex rfc2045-encode-string |
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303 Takes a @var{parameter} and a @var{value} and returns a |
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304 @samp{@var{param}=@var{value}} string. @var{value} will be quoted if |
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305 there are non-safe characters in it. |
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306 @end defun |
31853 | 307 |
308 | |
309 @node rfc2231 | |
310 @section rfc2231 | |
311 | |
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312 RFC2231 defines a syntax for the @samp{Content-Type} and |
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313 @samp{Content-Disposition} headers. Its snappy name is @dfn{MIME |
31853 | 314 Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets, Languages, |
315 and Continuations}. | |
316 | |
317 In short, these headers look something like this: | |
318 | |
319 @example | |
320 Content-Type: application/x-stuff; | |
321 title*0*=us-ascii'en'This%20is%20even%20more%20; | |
322 title*1*=%2A%2A%2Afun%2A%2A%2A%20; | |
323 title*2="isn't it!" | |
324 @end example | |
325 | |
326 They usually aren't this bad, though. | |
327 | |
328 The following functions are defined by this library: | |
329 | |
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330 @defun rfc2231-parse-string string |
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331 Parse a @samp{Content-Type} header @var{string} and return a list |
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332 describing its elements. |
31853 | 333 |
334 @example | |
335 (rfc2231-parse-string | |
336 "application/x-stuff; | |
337 title*0*=us-ascii'en'This%20is%20even%20more%20; | |
338 title*1*=%2A%2A%2Afun%2A%2A%2A%20; | |
339 title*2=\"isn't it!\"") | |
340 @result{} ("application/x-stuff" | |
341 (title . "This is even more ***fun*** isn't it!")) | |
342 @end example | |
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343 @end defun |
31853 | 344 |
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345 @defun rfc2231-get-value ct attribute |
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346 Takes a list @var{ct} of the format above and returns the value of the |
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347 specified @var{attribute}. |
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348 @end defun |
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350 @defun rfc2231-encode-string parameter value |
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351 Encode the string @samp{@var{parameter}=@var{value}} for inclusion in |
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352 headers likes @samp{Content-Type} and @samp{Content-Disposition}. |
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353 @end defun |
31853 | 354 |
355 @node ietf-drums | |
356 @section ietf-drums | |
357 | |
358 @dfn{drums} is an IETF working group that is working on the replacement | |
359 for RFC822. | |
360 | |
361 The functions provided by this library include: | |
362 | |
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363 @defun ietf-drums-remove-comments string |
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364 Remove the comments from @var{string} and return the result. |
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365 @end defun |
31853 | 366 |
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367 @defun ietf-drums-remove-whitespace string |
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368 Remove linear white space from @var{string} and return the result. |
31853 | 369 Spaces inside quoted strings and comments are left untouched. |
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370 @end defun |
31853 | 371 |
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372 @defun ietf-drums-get-comment string |
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373 Return the last most comment from @var{string}. |
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374 @end defun |
31853 | 375 |
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376 @defun ietf-drums-parse-address string |
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377 Parse an address @var{string} and return a list of the mailbox and the |
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378 plain text name. |
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379 @end defun |
31853 | 380 |
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381 @defun ietf-drums-parse-addresses string |
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382 Parse @var{string}, containing any number of comma-separated addresses, |
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383 and return a list of mailbox/plain text pairs. |
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384 @end defun |
31853 | 385 |
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386 @defun ietf-drums-parse-date string |
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387 Parse the date @var{string} and return an Emacs time structure. |
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388 @end defun |
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389 |
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390 @defun ietf-drums-narrow-to-header |
31853 | 391 Narrow the buffer to the header section of the current buffer. |
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392 @end defun |
31853 | 393 |
394 | |
395 @node rfc2047 | |
396 @section rfc2047 | |
397 | |
398 RFC2047 (Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text) specifies how | |
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399 non-@sc{ascii} text in headers are to be encoded. This is actually rather |
31853 | 400 complicated, so a number of variables are necessary to tweak what this |
401 library does. | |
402 | |
403 The following variables are tweakable: | |
404 | |
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405 @defvar rfc2047-default-charset |
31853 | 406 Characters in this charset should not be decoded by this library. |
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407 This defaults to @samp{iso-8859-1}. |
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408 @end defvar |
31853 | 409 |
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410 @defvar rfc2047-header-encoding-list |
31853 | 411 This is an alist of header / encoding-type pairs. Its main purpose is |
412 to prevent encoding of certain headers. | |
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413 @end defvar |
31853 | 414 |
415 The keys can either be header regexps, or @code{t}. | |
416 | |
417 The values can be either @code{nil}, in which case the header(s) in | |
418 question won't be encoded, or @code{mime}, which means that they will be | |
419 encoded. | |
420 | |
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421 @defvar rfc2047-charset-encoding-alist |
31853 | 422 RFC2047 specifies two forms of encoding---@code{Q} (a |
423 Quoted-Printable-like encoding) and @code{B} (base64). This alist | |
424 specifies which charset should use which encoding. | |
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425 @end defvar |
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427 @defvar rfc2047-encoding-function-alist |
31853 | 428 This is an alist of encoding / function pairs. The encodings are |
429 @code{Q}, @code{B} and @code{nil}. | |
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430 @end defvar |
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432 @defvar rfc2047-q-encoding-alist |
31853 | 433 The @code{Q} encoding isn't quite the same for all headers. Some |
434 headers allow a narrower range of characters, and that is what this | |
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435 variable is for. It's an alist of header regexps and allowable character |
31853 | 436 ranges. |
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437 @end defvar |
31853 | 438 |
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439 @defvar rfc2047-encoded-word-regexp |
31853 | 440 When decoding words, this library looks for matches to this regexp. |
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441 @end defvar |
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443 Those were the variables, and these are the functions: |
31853 | 444 |
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445 @defun rfc2047-narrow-to-field |
31853 | 446 Narrow the buffer to the header on the current line. |
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447 @end defun |
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449 @defun rfc2047-encode-message-header |
31853 | 450 Should be called narrowed to the header of a message. Encodes according |
451 to @code{rfc2047-header-encoding-alist}. | |
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452 @end defun |
31853 | 453 |
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454 @defun rfc2047-encode-region start end |
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455 Encodes all encodable words in the region @var{start} to @var{end}. |
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456 @end defun |
31853 | 457 |
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458 @defun rfc2047-encode-string string |
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459 Encode @var{string} and return the result. |
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460 @end defun |
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462 @defun rfc2047-decode-region start end |
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463 Decode the encoded words in the region @var{start} to @var{end}. |
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464 @end defun |
31853 | 465 |
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466 @defun rfc2047-decode-string string |
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467 Decode @var{string} and return the result. |
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468 @end defun |
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469 |
31853 | 470 |
471 | |
472 @node time-date | |
473 @section time-date | |
474 | |
475 While not really a part of the @sc{mime} library, it is convenient to | |
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476 document this library here. It deals with parsing @samp{Date} headers |
31853 | 477 and manipulating time. (Not by using tesseracts, though, I'm sorry to |
478 say.) | |
479 | |
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480 These functions convert between five formats: a date string, an Emacs |
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481 time structure, a decoded time list, a number of seconds, and a day number. |
31853 | 482 |
483 The functions have quite self-explanatory names, so the following just | |
484 gives an overview of which functions are available. | |
485 | |
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486 @findex parse-time-string |
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487 @findex date-to-time |
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488 @findex time-to-seconds |
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489 @findex seconds-to-time |
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490 @findex time-to-day |
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491 @findex days-to-time |
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492 @findex time-since |
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493 @findex time-less-p |
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494 @findex subtract-time |
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495 @findex days-between |
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496 @findex date-leap-year-p |
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497 @findex time-to-day-in-year |
31853 | 498 @example |
499 (parse-time-string "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200") | |
500 @result{} (54 21 12 12 9 1998 6 nil 7200) | |
501 | |
502 (date-to-time "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200") | |
503 @result{} (13818 19266) | |
504 | |
505 (time-to-seconds '(13818 19266)) | |
506 @result{} 905595714.0 | |
507 | |
508 (seconds-to-time 905595714.0) | |
509 @result{} (13818 19266 0) | |
510 | |
511 (time-to-day '(13818 19266)) | |
512 @result{} 729644 | |
513 | |
514 (days-to-time 729644) | |
515 @result{} (961933 65536) | |
516 | |
517 (time-since '(13818 19266)) | |
518 @result{} (0 430) | |
519 | |
520 (time-less-p '(13818 19266) '(13818 19145)) | |
521 @result{} nil | |
522 | |
523 (subtract-time '(13818 19266) '(13818 19145)) | |
524 @result{} (0 121) | |
525 | |
526 (days-between "Sat Sep 12 12:21:54 1998 +0200" | |
527 "Sat Sep 07 12:21:54 1998 +0200") | |
528 @result{} 5 | |
529 | |
530 (date-leap-year-p 2000) | |
531 @result{} t | |
532 | |
533 (time-to-day-in-year '(13818 19266)) | |
534 @result{} 255 | |
535 @end example | |
536 | |
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537 @findex safe-date-to-time |
31853 | 538 And finally, we have @code{safe-date-to-time}, which does the same as |
539 @code{date-to-time}, but returns a zero time if the date is | |
540 syntactically malformed. | |
541 | |
542 | |
543 | |
544 @node qp | |
545 @section qp | |
546 | |
547 This library deals with decoding and encoding Quoted-Printable text. | |
548 | |
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549 Very briefly explained, QP encoding means translating all 8-bit |
31853 | 550 characters (and lots of control characters) into things that look like |
551 @samp{=EF}; that is, an equal sign followed by the byte encoded as a hex | |
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552 string. It is defined in RFC 2045. |
31853 | 553 |
554 The following functions are defined by the library: | |
555 | |
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556 @deffn Command quoted-printable-decode-region @var{from} @var{to} &optional @var{coding-system} |
35523 | 557 QP-decode all the encoded text in the region. If @var{coding-system} |
558 is non-nil, decode bytes into characters with that coding-system. It | |
559 is probably better not to use @var{coding-system}; instead decode into | |
560 a unibyte buffer, decode that appropriately and then interpret it as | |
561 multibyte. | |
32258 | 562 @end deffn |
31853 | 563 |
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564 @defun quoted-printable-decode-string @var{string} &optional @var{coding-system} |
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565 Return a QP-encoded copy of @var{string}. If @var{coding-system} is |
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566 non-nil, decode bytes into characters with that coding-system. |
32258 | 567 @end defun |
31853 | 568 |
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569 @deffn Command quoted-printable-encode-region @var{from} @var{to} &optional @var{fold} @var{class} |
35523 | 570 QP-encode all the region. If @var{fold} is non-@var{nil}, fold lines |
571 at 76 characters, as required by the RFC. If @var{class} is | |
35620 | 572 non-@code{nil}, translate the characters not matched by that regexp |
573 class, which should be in the form expected by | |
574 @var{skip-chars-forward} and should probably not contain literal | |
575 eight-bit characters. Specifying @var{class} makes sense to do extra | |
576 encoding in header fields. | |
35523 | 577 |
578 If variable @var{mm-use-ultra-safe-encoding} is defined and | |
579 non-@code{nil}, fold lines unconditionally and encode @samp{From } and | |
580 @samp{-} at the start of lines.. | |
32258 | 581 @end deffn |
31853 | 582 |
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583 @defun quoted-printable-encode-string string |
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584 Return a QP-encoded copy of @var{string}. |
32258 | 585 @end defun |
31853 | 586 |
587 @node base64 | |
588 @section base64 | |
589 @cindex base64 | |
590 | |
591 Base64 is an encoding that encodes three bytes into four characters, | |
592 thereby increasing the size by about 33%. The alphabet used for | |
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593 encoding is very resistant to mangling during transit. @xref{Base |
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594 64,,Base 64 Encoding, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. |
31853 | 595 |
596 @node binhex | |
597 @section binhex | |
598 @cindex binhex | |
599 @cindex Apple | |
600 @cindex Macintosh | |
601 | |
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602 Binhex is an encoding that originated in Macintosh environments. |
31853 | 603 The following function is supplied to deal with these: |
604 | |
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605 @defun binhex-decode-region start end &optional header-only |
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606 Decode the encoded text in the region @var{start} to @var{end}. If |
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607 @var{header-only} is non-@code{nil}, only decode the @samp{binhex} |
36152 | 608 header and return the file name. |
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609 @end defun |
31853 | 610 |
611 | |
612 @node uudecode | |
613 @section uudecode | |
614 @cindex uuencode | |
615 @cindex uudecode | |
616 | |
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617 Uuencoding is probably still the most popular encoding of binaries |
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618 used on Usenet, although Base64 rules the mail world. |
31853 | 619 |
620 The following function is supplied by this package: | |
621 | |
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622 @defun uudecode-decode-region start end &optional file-name |
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623 Decode the text in the region @var{start} to @var{end}. If |
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624 @var{file-name} is non-@code{nil}, save the result to @var{file-name}. |
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625 @end defun |
31853 | 626 |
627 | |
628 @node rfc1843 | |
629 @section rfc1843 | |
630 @cindex rfc1843 | |
631 @cindex HZ | |
632 @cindex Chinese | |
633 | |
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634 RFC1843 deals with mixing Chinese and @sc{ascii} characters in messages. In |
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635 essence, RFC1843 switches between @sc{ascii} and Chinese by doing this: |
31853 | 636 |
637 @example | |
638 This sentence is in ASCII. | |
639 The next sentence is in GB.~@{<:Ky2;S@{#,NpJ)l6HK!#~@}Bye. | |
640 @end example | |
641 | |
642 Simple enough, and widely used in China. | |
643 | |
644 The following functions are available to handle this encoding: | |
645 | |
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646 @defun rfc1843-decode-region start end |
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647 Decode HZ-encoded text in the region @var{start} to @var{end}. |
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648 @end defun |
31853 | 649 |
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650 @defun rfc1843-decode-string string |
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651 Decode the HZ-encoded @var{string} and return the result. |
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652 @end defun |
31853 | 653 |
654 | |
655 @node mailcap | |
656 @section mailcap | |
657 | |
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658 As specified by RFC 1524, @sc{mime}-aware message handlers parse |
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659 @dfn{mailcap} files from a default list, which can be overridden by the |
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660 @code{MAILCAP} environment variable. These describe how elements are |
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661 supposed to be displayed. Here's an example file: |
31853 | 662 |
663 @example | |
664 image/*; gimp -8 %s | |
665 audio/wav; wavplayer %s | |
666 @end example | |
667 | |
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668 This says that all image files should be displayed with @command{gimp}, |
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669 and that WAVE audio files should be played by @code{wavplayer}. |
31853 | 670 |
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671 The @code{mailcap} library parses such files, and provides functions for |
31853 | 672 matching types. |
673 | |
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674 @defvar mailcap-mime-data |
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675 This variable is an alist of alists containing backup viewing rules for |
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676 @sc{mime} types. These are overridden by rules for a type found in |
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677 mailcap files. The outer alist is keyed on the major content-type and |
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678 the inner alists are keyed on the minor content-type (which can be a |
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679 regular expression). |
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680 |
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681 @c Fixme: document this properly! |
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682 For example: |
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683 @example |
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684 (("application" |
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685 ("octet-stream" |
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686 (viewer . mailcap-save-binary-file) |
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687 (non-viewer . t) |
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688 (type . "application/octet-stream")) |
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689 ("plain" |
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690 (viewer . view-mode) |
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691 (test fboundp 'view-mode) |
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692 (type . "text/plain"))) |
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693 @end example |
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694 @end defvar |
31853 | 695 |
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696 @defopt mailcap-default-mime-data |
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697 This variable is the default value of @code{mailcap-mime-data}. It |
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698 exists to allow setting the value using Custom. It is merged with |
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699 values from mailcap files by @code{mailcap-parse-mailcaps}. |
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700 @end defopt |
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701 |
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702 Although it is not specified by the RFC, @sc{mime} tools normally use a |
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703 common means of associating file extensions with defualt @sc{mime} types |
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704 in the absence of other information about the type of a file. The |
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705 information is found in per-user files @file{~/.mime.types} and system |
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706 @file{mime.types} files found in quasi-standard places. Here is an |
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707 example: |
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708 |
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709 @example |
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710 application/x-dvi dvi |
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711 audio/mpeg mpga mpega mp2 mp3 |
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712 image/jpeg jpeg jpg jpe |
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713 @end example |
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714 |
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715 |
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716 @defvar mailcap-mime-extensions |
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717 This variable is an alist @sc{mime} types keyed by file extensions. |
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718 This is overridden by entries found in @file{mime.types} files. |
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719 @end defvar |
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720 |
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721 @defopt mailcap-default-mime-extensions |
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722 This variable is the default value of @code{mailcap-mime-extensions}. |
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|
723 It exists to allow setting the value using Custom. It is merged with |
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|
724 values from mailcap files by @code{mailcap-parse-mimetypes}. |
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725 @end defopt |
31853 | 726 |
727 Interface functions: | |
728 | |
33435
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|
729 @defun mailcap-parse-mailcaps &optional path force |
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|
730 Parse all the mailcap files specified in a path string @var{path} and |
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|
731 merge them with the values from @code{mailcap-mime-data}. Components of |
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Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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|
732 @var{path} are separated by the @code{path-separator} character |
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|
733 appropriate for the system. If @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, the files |
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|
734 are re-parsed even if they have been parsed already. If @var{path} is |
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|
735 omitted, use the value of environment variable @code{MAILCAPS} if it is |
38865
62e02f5ae533
Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
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|
736 set; otherwise (on GNU and Unix) use the path defined in RFC 1524, plus |
33435
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737 @file{/usr/local/etc/mailcap}. |
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738 @end defun |
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|
739 |
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|
740 @defun mailcap-parse-mimetypes &optional path force |
38865
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Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
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741 Parse all the mimetypes specified in a path string @var{path} |
33435
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742 and merge them with the values from @code{mailcap-mime-extensions}. |
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743 Components of @var{path} are separated by the @code{path-separator} |
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744 character appropriate for the system. If @var{path} is omitted, use the |
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745 value of environment variable @code{MIMETYPES} if set; otherwise use a |
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746 default path consistent with that used by @code{mailcap-parse-mailcaps}. |
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747 If @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, the files are re-parsed even if they |
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|
748 have been parsed already. |
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|
749 @end defun |
31853 | 750 |
33435
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751 @defun mailcap-mime-info string &optional request |
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|
752 Gets the viewer command for content-type @var{string}. @code{nil} is |
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753 returned if none is found. Expects @var{string} to be a complete |
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|
754 content-type header line. |
31853 | 755 |
33435
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|
756 If @var{request} is non-@code{nil} it specifies what information to |
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|
757 return. If it is nil or the empty string, the viewer (second field of |
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|
758 the mailcap entry) will be returned. If it is a string, then the |
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Various markup and content changes, particularly to use @def... for
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|
759 mailcap field corresponding to that string will be returned |
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|
760 (@samp{print}, @samp{description}, whatever). If it is a number, all |
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761 the information for this viewer is returned. If it is @code{all}, then |
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|
762 all possible viewers for this type is returned. |
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763 @end defun |
31853 | 764 |
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|
765 @defun mailcap-mime-types |
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|
766 This function returns a list of all the defined media types. |
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|
767 @end defun |
31853 | 768 |
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|
769 @defun mailcap-extension-to-mime extension |
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|
770 This function returns the content type defined for a file with the given |
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|
771 @var{extension}. |
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|
772 @end defun |
31853 | 773 |
774 | |
775 @node Decoding and Viewing | |
776 @chapter Decoding and Viewing | |
777 | |
778 This chapter deals with decoding and viewing @sc{mime} messages on a | |
779 higher level. | |
780 | |
781 The main idea is to first analyze a @sc{mime} article, and then allow | |
782 other programs to do things based on the list of @dfn{handles} that are | |
783 returned as a result of this analysis. | |
784 | |
785 @menu | |
786 * Dissection:: Analyzing a @sc{mime} message. | |
787 * Handles:: Handle manipulations. | |
788 * Display:: Displaying handles. | |
789 * Customization:: Variables that affect display. | |
790 * New Viewers:: How to write your own viewers. | |
791 @end menu | |
792 | |
793 | |
794 @node Dissection | |
795 @section Dissection | |
796 | |
797 The @code{mm-dissect-buffer} is the function responsible for dissecting | |
798 a @sc{mime} article. If given a multipart message, it will recursively | |
799 descend the message, following the structure, and return a tree of | |
800 @sc{mime} handles that describes the structure of the message. | |
801 | |
802 | |
803 @node Handles | |
804 @section Handles | |
805 | |
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806 A @sc{mime} handle is a list that fully describes a @sc{mime} component. |
31853 | 807 |
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808 The following macros can be used to access elements from the |
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809 @var{handle} argument: |
31853 | 810 |
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811 @defmac mm-handle-buffer handle |
31853 | 812 Return the buffer that holds the contents of the undecoded @sc{mime} |
813 part. | |
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814 @end defmac |
31853 | 815 |
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816 @defmac mm-handle-type handle |
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817 Return the parsed @samp{Content-Type} of the part. |
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818 @end defmac |
31853 | 819 |
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820 @defmac mm-handle-encoding handle |
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821 Return the @samp{Content-Transfer-Encoding} of the part. |
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822 @end defmac |
31853 | 823 |
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|
824 @defmac mm-handle-undisplayer handle |
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825 Return the function that can be used to remove the displayed part (if it |
31853 | 826 has been displayed). |
33435
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827 @end defmac |
31853 | 828 |
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829 @defmac mm-handle-set-undisplayer handle function |
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830 Set the undisplayer function for the part to function. |
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831 @end defmac |
31853 | 832 |
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833 @defmac mm-handle-disposition |
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834 Return the parsed @samp{Content-Disposition} of the part. |
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835 @end defmac |
31853 | 836 |
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837 @defmac mm-handle-disposition |
31853 | 838 Return the description of the part. |
33435
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839 @end defmac |
31853 | 840 |
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841 @defmac mm-get-content-id id |
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842 Returns the handle(s) referred to by @var{id}, the @samp{Content-ID} of |
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843 the part. |
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|
844 @end defmac |
31853 | 845 |
846 | |
847 @node Display | |
848 @section Display | |
849 | |
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850 Functions for displaying, removing and saving. In the descriptions |
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851 below, `the part' means the @sc{mime} part represented by the |
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|
852 @var{handle} argument. |
31853 | 853 |
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854 @defun mm-display-part handle &optional no-default |
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855 Display the part. Return @code{nil} if the part is removed, |
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856 @code{inline} if it is displayed inline or @code{external} if it is |
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857 displayed externally. If @var{no-default} is non-@code{nil}, the part |
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858 is not displayed unless the @sc{mime} type of @var{handle} is defined to |
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859 be displayed inline or there is an display method defined for it; i.e.@: |
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860 no default external method will be used. |
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861 @end defun |
31853 | 862 |
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863 @defun mm-remove-part handle |
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864 Remove the part if it has been displayed. |
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|
865 @end defun |
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866 |
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867 @defun mm-inlinable-p handle |
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868 Return non-@code{nil} if the part can be displayed inline. |
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869 @end defun |
31853 | 870 |
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|
871 @defun mm-automatic-display-p handle |
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872 Return non-@code{nil} if the user has requested automatic display of the |
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873 @sc{mime} type of the part. |
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874 @end defun |
31853 | 875 |
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|
876 @defun mm-destroy-part handle |
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|
877 Free all the resources used by the part. |
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|
878 @end defun |
31853 | 879 |
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|
880 @defun mm-save-part handle |
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|
881 Save the part to a file. The user is prompted for a file name to use. |
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882 @end defun |
31853 | 883 |
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|
884 @defun mm-pipe-part handle |
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|
885 Pipe the part through a shell command. The user is prompted for the |
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|
886 command to use. |
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887 @end defun |
31853 | 888 |
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|
889 @defun mm-interactively-view-part handle |
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|
890 Prompt for a mailcap method to use to view the part and display it |
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|
891 externally using that method. |
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892 @end defun |
31853 | 893 |
894 | |
895 @node Customization | |
896 @section Customization | |
897 | |
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898 The display of @sc{mime} types may be customized with the following |
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899 options. |
31853 | 900 |
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901 @defopt mm-inline-media-tests |
31853 | 902 This is an alist where the key is a @sc{mime} type, the second element |
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903 is a function to display the part @dfn{inline} (i.e., inside Emacs), and |
31853 | 904 the third element is a form to be @code{eval}ed to say whether the part |
905 can be displayed inline. | |
906 | |
907 This variable specifies whether a part @emph{can} be displayed inline, | |
908 and, if so, how to do it. It does not say whether parts are | |
909 @emph{actually} displayed inline. | |
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910 @end defopt |
31853 | 911 |
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912 @defopt mm-inlined-types |
31853 | 913 This, on the other hand, says what types are to be displayed inline, if |
914 they satisfy the conditions set by the variable above. It's a list of | |
915 @sc{mime} media types. | |
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916 @end defopt |
31853 | 917 |
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918 @defopt mm-automatic-display |
31853 | 919 This is a list of types that are to be displayed ``automatically'', but |
920 only if the above variable allows it. That is, only inlinable parts can | |
921 be displayed automatically. | |
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922 @end defopt |
31853 | 923 |
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924 @defopt mm-attachment-override-types |
31853 | 925 Some @sc{mime} agents create parts that have a content-disposition of |
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926 @samp{attachment}. This variable allows overriding that disposition and |
31853 | 927 displaying the part inline. (Note that the disposition is only |
928 overridden if we are able to, and want to, display the part inline.) | |
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929 @end defopt |
31853 | 930 |
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931 @defopt mm-discouraged-alternatives |
31853 | 932 List of @sc{mime} types that are discouraged when viewing |
933 @samp{multipart/alternative}. Viewing agents are supposed to view the | |
934 last possible part of a message, as that is supposed to be the richest. | |
935 However, users may prefer other types instead, and this list says what | |
936 types are most unwanted. If, for instance, @samp{text/html} parts are | |
937 very unwanted, and @samp{text/richtech} parts are somewhat unwanted, | |
938 then the value of this variable should be set to: | |
939 | |
940 @lisp | |
941 ("text/html" "text/richtext") | |
942 @end lisp | |
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943 @end defopt |
31853 | 944 |
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945 @defopt mm-inline-large-images-p |
31853 | 946 When displaying inline images that are larger than the window, XEmacs |
947 does not enable scrolling, which means that you cannot see the whole | |
948 image. To prevent this, the library tries to determine the image size | |
949 before displaying it inline, and if it doesn't fit the window, the | |
950 library will display it externally (e.g. with @samp{ImageMagick} or | |
951 @samp{xv}). Setting this variable to @code{t} disables this check and | |
952 makes the library display all inline images as inline, regardless of | |
953 their size. | |
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954 @end defopt |
31853 | 955 |
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956 @defopt mm-inline-override-p |
31853 | 957 @code{mm-inlined-types} may include regular expressions, for example to |
958 specify that all @samp{text/.*} parts be displayed inline. If a user | |
959 prefers to have a type that matches such a regular expression be treated | |
960 as an attachment, that can be accomplished by setting this variable to a | |
961 list containing that type. For example assuming @code{mm-inlined-types} | |
962 includes @samp{text/.*}, then including @samp{text/html} in this | |
963 variable will cause @samp{text/html} parts to be treated as attachments. | |
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964 @end defopt |
31853 | 965 |
966 | |
967 @node New Viewers | |
968 @section New Viewers | |
969 | |
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970 Here's an example viewer for displaying @samp{text/enriched} inline: |
31853 | 971 |
972 @lisp | |
973 (defun mm-display-enriched-inline (handle) | |
974 (let (text) | |
975 (with-temp-buffer | |
976 (mm-insert-part handle) | |
977 (save-window-excursion | |
978 (enriched-decode (point-min) (point-max)) | |
979 (setq text (buffer-string)))) | |
980 (mm-insert-inline handle text))) | |
981 @end lisp | |
982 | |
983 We see that the function takes a @sc{mime} handle as its parameter. It | |
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984 then goes to a temporary buffer, inserts the text of the part, does some |
31853 | 985 work on the text, stores the result, goes back to the buffer it was |
986 called from and inserts the result. | |
987 | |
988 The two important helper functions here are @code{mm-insert-part} and | |
989 @code{mm-insert-inline}. The first function inserts the text of the | |
990 handle in the current buffer. It handles charset and/or content | |
991 transfer decoding. The second function just inserts whatever text you | |
992 tell it to insert, but it also sets things up so that the text can be | |
993 ``undisplayed' in a convenient manner. | |
994 | |
995 | |
996 @node Composing | |
997 @chapter Composing | |
998 @cindex Composing | |
999 @cindex MIME Composing | |
1000 @cindex MML | |
1001 @cindex MIME Meta Language | |
1002 | |
1003 Creating a @sc{mime} message is boring and non-trivial. Therefore, a | |
1004 library called @code{mml} has been defined that parses a language called | |
1005 MML (@sc{mime} Meta Language) and generates @sc{mime} messages. | |
1006 | |
1007 @findex mml-generate-mime | |
1008 The main interface function is @code{mml-generate-mime}. It will | |
1009 examine the contents of the current (narrowed-to) buffer and return a | |
1010 string containing the @sc{mime} message. | |
1011 | |
1012 @menu | |
1013 * Simple MML Example:: An example MML document. | |
1014 * MML Definition:: All valid MML elements. | |
1015 * Advanced MML Example:: Another example MML document. | |
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1016 * Charset Translation:: How charsets are mapped from Mule to MIME. |
31853 | 1017 * Conversion:: Going from @sc{mime} to MML and vice versa. |
1018 @end menu | |
1019 | |
1020 | |
1021 @node Simple MML Example | |
1022 @section Simple MML Example | |
1023 | |
1024 Here's a simple @samp{multipart/alternative}: | |
1025 | |
1026 @example | |
1027 <#multipart type=alternative> | |
1028 This is a plain text part. | |
1029 <#part type=text/enriched> | |
1030 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
1031 <#/multipart> | |
1032 @end example | |
1033 | |
1034 After running this through @code{mml-generate-mime}, we get this: | |
1035 | |
1036 @example | |
1037 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="=-=-=" | |
1038 | |
1039 | |
1040 --=-=-= | |
1041 | |
1042 | |
1043 This is a plain text part. | |
1044 | |
1045 --=-=-= | |
1046 Content-Type: text/enriched | |
1047 | |
1048 | |
1049 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
1050 | |
1051 --=-=-=-- | |
1052 @end example | |
1053 | |
1054 | |
1055 @node MML Definition | |
1056 @section MML Definition | |
1057 | |
1058 The MML language is very simple. It looks a bit like an SGML | |
1059 application, but it's not. | |
1060 | |
1061 The main concept of MML is the @dfn{part}. Each part can be of a | |
1062 different type or use a different charset. The way to delineate a part | |
1063 is with a @samp{<#part ...>} tag. Multipart parts can be introduced | |
1064 with the @samp{<#multipart ...>} tag. Parts are ended by the | |
1065 @samp{<#/part>} or @samp{<#/multipart>} tags. Parts started with the | |
1066 @samp{<#part ...>} tags are also closed by the next open tag. | |
1067 | |
1068 There's also the @samp{<#external ...>} tag. These introduce | |
1069 @samp{external/message-body} parts. | |
1070 | |
1071 Each tag can contain zero or more parameters on the form | |
1072 @samp{parameter=value}. The values may be enclosed in quotation marks, | |
1073 but that's not necessary unless the value contains white space. So | |
1074 @samp{filename=/home/user/#hello$^yes} is perfectly valid. | |
1075 | |
1076 The following parameters have meaning in MML; parameters that have no | |
1077 meaning are ignored. The MML parameter names are the same as the | |
1078 @sc{mime} parameter names; the things in the parentheses say which | |
1079 header it will be used in. | |
1080 | |
1081 @table @samp | |
1082 @item type | |
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1083 The @sc{mime} type of the part (@samp{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 1084 |
1085 @item filename | |
1086 Use the contents of the file in the body of the part | |
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1087 (@samp{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 1088 |
1089 @item charset | |
1090 The contents of the body of the part are to be encoded in the character | |
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1091 set specified (@samp{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 1092 |
1093 @item name | |
1094 Might be used to suggest a file name if the part is to be saved | |
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1095 to a file (@samp{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 1096 |
1097 @item disposition | |
1098 Valid values are @samp{inline} and @samp{attachment} | |
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1099 (@samp{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 1100 |
1101 @item encoding | |
1102 Valid values are @samp{7bit}, @samp{8bit}, @samp{quoted-printable} and | |
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1103 @samp{base64} (@samp{Content-Transfer-Encoding}). |
31853 | 1104 |
1105 @item description | |
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1106 A description of the part (@samp{Content-Description}). |
31853 | 1107 |
1108 @item creation-date | |
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1109 RFC822 date when the part was created (@samp{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 1110 |
1111 @item modification-date | |
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1112 RFC822 date when the part was modified (@samp{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 1113 |
1114 @item read-date | |
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1115 RFC822 date when the part was read (@samp{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 1116 |
1117 @item size | |
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1118 The size (in octets) of the part (@samp{Content-Disposition}). |
31853 | 1119 |
1120 @end table | |
1121 | |
1122 Parameters for @samp{application/octet-stream}: | |
1123 | |
1124 @table @samp | |
1125 @item type | |
1126 Type of the part; informal---meant for human readers | |
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1127 (@samp{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 1128 @end table |
1129 | |
1130 Parameters for @samp{message/external-body}: | |
1131 | |
1132 @table @samp | |
1133 @item access-type | |
1134 A word indicating the supported access mechanism by which the file may | |
1135 be obtained. Values include @samp{ftp}, @samp{anon-ftp}, @samp{tftp}, | |
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1136 @samp{localfile}, and @samp{mailserver}. (@samp{Content-Type}.) |
31853 | 1137 |
1138 @item expiration | |
1139 The RFC822 date after which the file may no longer be fetched. | |
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1140 (@samp{Content-Type}.) |
31853 | 1141 |
1142 @item size | |
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1143 The size (in octets) of the file. (@samp{Content-Type}.) |
31853 | 1144 |
1145 @item permission | |
1146 Valid values are @samp{read} and @samp{read-write} | |
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1147 (@samp{Content-Type}). |
31853 | 1148 |
1149 @end table | |
1150 | |
1151 | |
1152 @node Advanced MML Example | |
1153 @section Advanced MML Example | |
1154 | |
1155 Here's a complex multipart message. It's a @samp{multipart/mixed} that | |
1156 contains many parts, one of which is a @samp{multipart/alternative}. | |
1157 | |
1158 @example | |
1159 <#multipart type=mixed> | |
1160 <#part type=image/jpeg filename=~/rms.jpg disposition=inline> | |
1161 <#multipart type=alternative> | |
1162 This is a plain text part. | |
1163 <#part type=text/enriched name=enriched.txt> | |
1164 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
1165 <#/multipart> | |
1166 This is a new plain text part. | |
1167 <#part disposition=attachment> | |
1168 This plain text part is an attachment. | |
1169 <#/multipart> | |
1170 @end example | |
1171 | |
1172 And this is the resulting @sc{mime} message: | |
1173 | |
1174 @example | |
1175 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="=-=-=" | |
1176 | |
1177 | |
1178 --=-=-= | |
1179 | |
1180 | |
1181 | |
1182 --=-=-= | |
1183 Content-Type: image/jpeg; | |
1184 filename="~/rms.jpg" | |
1185 Content-Disposition: inline; | |
1186 filename="~/rms.jpg" | |
1187 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 | |
1188 | |
1189 /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAAgGBgcGBQgHBwcJCQgKDBQNDAsLDBkSEw8UHRof | |
1190 Hh0aHBwgJC4nICIsIxwcKDcpLDAxNDQ0Hyc5PTgyPC4zNDL/wAALCAAwADABAREA/8QAHwAA | |
1191 AQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAAECAwQFBgcICQoL/8QAtRAAAgEDAwIEAwUFBAQAAAF9AQIDAAQR | |
1192 BRIhMUEGE1FhByJxFDKBkaEII0KxwRVS0fAkM2JyggkKFhcYGRolJicoKSo0NTY3ODk6Q0RF | |
1193 RkdISUpTVFVWV1hZWmNkZWZnaGlqc3R1dnd4eXqDhIWGh4iJipKTlJWWl5iZmqKjpKWmp6ip | |
1194 qrKztLW2t7i5usLDxMXGx8jJytLT1NXW19jZ2uHi4+Tl5ufo6erx8vP09fb3+Pn6/9oACAEB | |
1195 AAA/AO/rifFHjldNuGsrDa0qcSSHkA+gHrXKw+LtWLrMb+RgTyhbr+HSug07xNqV9fQtZrNI | |
1196 AyiaE/NuBPOOOP0rvRNE880KOC8TbXXGCv1FPqjrF4LDR7u5L7SkTFT/ALWOP1xXgTuXfc7E | |
1197 sx6nua6rwp4IvvEM8chCxWxOdzn7wz6V9AaB4S07w9p5itow0rDLSY5Pt9K43xO66P4xs71m | |
1198 2QXiGCbA4yOVJ9+1aYORkdK434lyNH4ahCnG66VT9Nj15JFbPdX0MS43M4VQf5/yr2vSpLnw | |
1199 5ZW8dlCZ8KFXjOPX0/mK6rSPEGt3Angu44fNEReHYNvIH3TzXDeKNO8RX+kSX2ouZkicTIOc | |
1200 L+g7E810ulFjpVtv3bwgB3HJyK5L4quY/C9sVxk3ij/xx6850u7t1mtp/wDlpEw3An3Jr3Dw | |
1201 34gsbWza4nBlhC5LDsaW6+IFgupQyCF3iHH7gA7c9R9ay7zx6t7aX9jHC4smhfBkGCvHGfrm | |
1202 tLQ7hbnRrV1GPkAP1x1/Hr+Ncr8Vzjwrbf8AX6v/AKA9eQRyYlQk8Yx9K6XTNbkgia2ciSIn | |
1203 7p5Ga9Atte0LTLKO6it4i7dVRFJDcZ4PvXN+JvEMF9bILVGXJLSZ4zkjivRPDaeX4b08HOTC | |
1204 pOffmua+KkbS+GLVUGT9tT/0B68eeIpIFYjB70+OOVXyoOM9+M1eaWeCLzHPyHGO/NVWvJJm | |
1205 jQ8KGH1NfQWhXSXmh2c8eArRLwO3HSv/2Q== | |
1206 | |
1207 --=-=-= | |
1208 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="==-=-=" | |
1209 | |
1210 | |
1211 --==-=-= | |
1212 | |
1213 | |
1214 This is a plain text part. | |
1215 | |
1216 --==-=-= | |
1217 Content-Type: text/enriched; | |
1218 name="enriched.txt" | |
1219 | |
1220 | |
1221 <center>This is a centered enriched part</center> | |
1222 | |
1223 --==-=-=-- | |
1224 | |
1225 --=-=-= | |
1226 | |
1227 This is a new plain text part. | |
1228 | |
1229 --=-=-= | |
1230 Content-Disposition: attachment | |
1231 | |
1232 | |
1233 This plain text part is an attachment. | |
1234 | |
1235 --=-=-=-- | |
1236 @end example | |
1237 | |
1238 @node Charset Translation | |
1239 @section Charset Translation | |
1240 @cindex charsets | |
1241 | |
1242 During translation from MML to @sc{mime}, for each @sc{mime} part which | |
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1244 be chosen. |
31853 | 1245 |
1246 @vindex mail-parse-charset | |
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1247 @cindex unibyte Emacs |
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1248 If you are running a non-Mule XEmacs, or Emacs in unibyte |
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1249 mode@footnote{Deprecated!}, this process is simple: if the part |
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1250 contains any non-@sc{ascii} (8-bit) characters, the @sc{mime} charset |
31853 | 1251 given by @code{mail-parse-charset} (a symbol) is used. (Never set this |
1252 variable directly, though. If you want to change the default charset, | |
1253 please consult the documentation of the package which you use to process | |
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1254 @sc{mime} messages. @xref{Various Message Variables, , Various Message |
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1255 Variables, message, Message Manual}, for example.) If there are only |
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1256 @sc{ascii} characters, the @sc{mime} charset @samp{US-ASCII} is used, of |
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1257 course. |
31853 | 1258 |
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1259 @cindex multibyte Emacs |
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1260 @cindex @code{mime-charset} property |
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1261 In a normal (multibyte) Emacs session, a list of coding systems is |
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1262 derived that can encode the message part's content and correspond to |
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1263 MIME charsets (according to their @code{mime-charset} property). This |
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1264 list is according to the normal priority rules and the highest priority |
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1265 one is chosen to encode the part. If no such coding system can encode |
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1266 the part's contents, they are split into several parts such that each |
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1267 can be encoded with an appropriate coding system/@sc{mime} |
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1268 charset.@footnote{The part can only be split at line boundaries, |
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1269 though---if more than one @sc{mime} charset is required to encode a |
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1270 single line, it is not possible to encode the part.} Note that this |
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1271 procedure works with any correctly-defined coding systems, not just |
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1272 built-in ones. Given a suitably-defined UTF-8 coding system---one |
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1273 capable of encoding the Emacs charsets you use---it is not normally |
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1274 necessary to split a part by charset. |
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1275 |
31853 | 1276 @vindex mm-mime-mule-charset-alist |
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1277 @cindex XEmacs/Mule |
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1278 It isn't possible to do this properly in XEmacs/Mule. Instead, a list |
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1279 of the Mule charsets used in the part is obtained, and the |
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1280 corresponding @sc{mime} charsets are determined by lookup in |
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1281 @code{mm-mime-mule-charset-alist}. If the list elements all |
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1282 correspond to a single @sc{mime} charset, that is used to encode the |
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1283 part. Otherwise, the part is split as above. |
31853 | 1284 |
1285 @node Conversion | |
1286 @section Conversion | |
1287 | |
1288 @findex mime-to-mml | |
1289 A (multipart) @sc{mime} message can be converted to MML with the | |
1290 @code{mime-to-mml} function. It works on the message in the current | |
1291 buffer, and substitutes MML markup for @sc{mime} boundaries. | |
1292 Non-textual parts do not have their contents in the buffer, but instead | |
1293 have the contents in separate buffers that are referred to from the MML | |
1294 tags. | |
1295 | |
1296 @findex mml-to-mime | |
1297 An MML message can be converted back to @sc{mime} by the | |
1298 @code{mml-to-mime} function. | |
1299 | |
1300 These functions are in certain senses ``lossy''---you will not get back | |
1301 an identical message if you run @sc{mime-to-mml} and then | |
1302 @sc{mml-to-mime}. Not only will trivial things like the order of the | |
1303 headers differ, but the contents of the headers may also be different. | |
1304 For instance, the original message may use base64 encoding on text, | |
1305 while @sc{mml-to-mime} may decide to use quoted-printable encoding, and | |
1306 so on. | |
1307 | |
1308 In essence, however, these two functions should be the inverse of each | |
1309 other. The resulting contents of the message should remain equivalent, | |
1310 if not identical. | |
1311 | |
1312 | |
1313 @node Standards | |
1314 @chapter Standards | |
1315 | |
1316 The Emacs @sc{mime} library implements handling of various elements | |
1317 according to a (somewhat) large number of RFCs, drafts and standards | |
1318 documents. This chapter lists the relevant ones. They can all be | |
1319 fetched from @samp{http://quimby.gnus.org/notes/}. | |
1320 | |
1321 @table @dfn | |
1322 @item RFC822 | |
1323 @itemx STD11 | |
1324 Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages. | |
1325 | |
1326 @item RFC1036 | |
1327 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages | |
1328 | |
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1329 @item RFC1524 |
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1330 A User Agent Configuration Mechanism For Multimedia Mail Format |
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1331 Information |
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1332 |
31853 | 1333 @item RFC2045 |
1334 Format of Internet Message Bodies | |
1335 | |
1336 @item RFC2046 | |
1337 Media Types | |
1338 | |
1339 @item RFC2047 | |
1340 Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text | |
1341 | |
1342 @item RFC2048 | |
1343 Registration Procedures | |
1344 | |
1345 @item RFC2049 | |
1346 Conformance Criteria and Examples | |
1347 | |
1348 @item RFC2231 | |
1349 MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Character Sets, | |
1350 Languages, and Continuations | |
1351 | |
1352 @item RFC1843 | |
1353 HZ - A Data Format for Exchanging Files of Arbitrarily Mixed Chinese and | |
1354 ASCII characters | |
1355 | |
1356 @item draft-ietf-drums-msg-fmt-05.txt | |
1357 Draft for the successor of RFC822 | |
1358 | |
1359 @item RFC2112 | |
1360 The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type | |
1361 | |
1362 @item RFC1892 | |
1363 The Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail System | |
1364 Administrative Messages | |
1365 | |
1366 @item RFC2183 | |
1367 Communicating Presentation Information in Internet Messages: The | |
1368 Content-Disposition Header Field | |
1369 | |
1370 @end table | |
1371 | |
1372 | |
1373 @node Index | |
1374 @chapter Index | |
1375 @printindex cp | |
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1376 @printindex fn |
31853 | 1377 |
1378 @summarycontents | |
1379 @contents | |
1380 @bye | |
1381 | |
1382 @c End: | |
52401 | 1383 |
1384 @ignore | |
1385 arch-tag: c7ef2fd0-a91c-4e10-aa52-c1a2b11b1a8d | |
1386 @end ignore |