Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/glossary.texi @ 37853:93e5959b8a0e
Use SYMBOL_VALUE/SET_SYMBOL_VALUE.
(Qcyclic_variable_indirection): New variable.
(Fkeywordp): Check for internedness differently.
(Fmakunbound): Simplify the test if symbol is a constant.
(indirect_variable, Findirect_variable): New functions.
(swap_in_symval_forwarding): If SYMBOL is an alias, use the
aliased symbol.
(let_shadows_buffer_binding_p): Check for variable aliases.
(set_internal): Simplify the test if SYMBOL is a constant. If
SYMBOL has a buffer-local value and is an alias, use the aliased
symbol instead.
(syms_of_data): Initialze Qcyclic_variable_indirection and defsubr
Sindirect_variable.
author | Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 21 May 2001 12:23:19 +0000 |
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rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. | |
4 @node Glossary, Key Index, Intro, Top | |
5 @unnumbered Glossary | |
6 | |
7 @table @asis | |
8 @item Abbrev | |
9 An abbrev is a text string which expands into a different text string | |
10 when present in the buffer. For example, you might define a few letters | |
11 as an abbrev for a long phrase that you want to insert frequently. | |
12 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
13 | |
14 @item Aborting | |
15 Aborting means getting out of a recursive edit (q.v.@:). The | |
16 commands @kbd{C-]} and @kbd{M-x top-level} are used for this. | |
17 @xref{Quitting}. | |
18 | |
19 @item Alt | |
20 Alt is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
21 have. To make a character Alt, type it while holding down the @key{ALT} | |
22 key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{Alt-} | |
23 (usually written @kbd{A-} for short). (Note that many terminals have a | |
24 key labeled @key{ALT} which is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User | |
25 Input, Alt}. | |
26 | |
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27 @item Argument |
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28 See `numeric argument.' |
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29 |
25829 | 30 @item ASCII character |
31 An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII | |
32 printing character. @xref{User Input}. | |
33 | |
34 @item ASCII control character | |
35 An ASCII control character is the Control version of an upper-case | |
36 letter, or the Control version of one of the characters @samp{@@[\]^_?}. | |
37 | |
38 @item ASCII printing character | |
39 ASCII printing characters include letters, digits, space, and these | |
40 punctuation characters: @samp{!@@#$%^& *()_-+=|\~` @{@}[]:;"' <>,.?/}. | |
41 | |
42 @item Auto Fill Mode | |
43 Auto Fill mode is a minor mode in which text that you insert is | |
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44 automatically broken into lines of a given maximum width. |
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45 @xref{Filling}. |
25829 | 46 |
47 @item Auto Saving | |
48 Auto saving is the practice of saving the contents of an Emacs buffer in | |
49 a specially-named file, so that the information will not be lost if the | |
50 buffer is lost due to a system error or user error. @xref{Auto Save}. | |
51 | |
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52 @item Autoloading |
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53 Emacs automatically loads Lisp libraries when a Lisp program requests a |
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54 function or a variable from those libraries. This is called |
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55 `autoloading'. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. |
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56 |
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57 @item Backtrace |
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58 A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a |
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59 program arrived to a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and |
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60 correcting bugs (q.v.@:). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals |
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61 an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (see `quitting'). @xref{Checklist}. |
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62 |
25829 | 63 @item Backup File |
64 A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current | |
65 editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you | |
66 track down or cancel changes you later regret making. @xref{Backup}. | |
67 | |
68 @item Balance Parentheses | |
69 Emacs can balance parentheses manually or automatically. Manual | |
70 balancing is done by the commands to move over balanced expressions | |
71 (@pxref{Lists}). Automatic balancing is done by blinking or | |
72 highlighting the parenthesis that matches one just inserted | |
73 (@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}). | |
74 | |
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75 @item Balloon Help |
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76 See `tooltips.' |
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77 |
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78 @item Base Buffer |
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79 A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer |
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80 (q.v.@:). |
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81 |
25829 | 82 @item Bind |
83 To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.@:). | |
84 @xref{Rebinding}. | |
85 | |
86 @item Binding | |
87 A key sequence gets its meaning in Emacs by having a binding, which is a | |
88 command (q.v.@:), a Lisp function that is run when the user types that | |
89 sequence. @xref{Commands,Binding}. Customization often involves | |
90 rebinding a character to a different command function. The bindings of | |
91 all key sequences are recorded in the keymaps (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
92 | |
93 @item Blank Lines | |
94 Blank lines are lines that contain only whitespace. Emacs has several | |
95 commands for operating on the blank lines in the buffer. | |
96 | |
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97 @item Bookmark |
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98 Bookmarks are akin to registers (q.v.@:) in that they record positions |
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99 in buffers to which you can return later. Unlike registers, bookmarks |
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100 persist between Emacs sessions. |
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101 |
25829 | 102 @item Buffer |
103 The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text | |
104 being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are | |
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105 editing only one, the `current buffer,' though several can be visible |
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106 when you are using multiple windows (q.v.@:). Most buffers are visiting |
25829 | 107 (q.v.@:) some file. @xref{Buffers}. |
108 | |
109 @item Buffer Selection History | |
110 Emacs keeps a buffer selection history which records how recently each | |
111 Emacs buffer has been selected. This is used for choosing a buffer to | |
112 select. @xref{Buffers}. | |
113 | |
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114 @item Bug |
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115 A bug is an incorrect or unreasonable behavior of a program, or |
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116 inaccurate or confusing documentation. Emacs developers treat bug |
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117 reports, both in Emacs code and its documentation, very seriously and |
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118 ask you to report any bugs you find. @xref{Bugs}. |
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119 |
25829 | 120 @item Button Down Event |
121 A button down event is the kind of input event generated right away when | |
122 you press a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | |
123 | |
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124 @item By Default |
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125 See `default.' |
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126 |
25829 | 127 @item @kbd{C-} |
128 @kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. | |
129 @xref{User Input,C-}. | |
130 | |
131 @item @kbd{C-M-} | |
132 @kbd{C-M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
133 Control-Meta. @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
134 | |
135 @item Case Conversion | |
136 Case conversion means changing text from upper case to lower case or | |
137 vice versa. @xref{Case}, for the commands for case conversion. | |
138 | |
139 @item Character | |
140 Characters form the contents of an Emacs buffer; see @ref{Text | |
141 Characters}. Also, key sequences (q.v.@:) are usually made up of | |
142 characters (though they may include other input events as well). | |
143 @xref{User Input}. | |
144 | |
145 @item Character Set | |
146 Emacs supports a number of character sets, each of which represents a | |
147 particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}. | |
148 | |
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149 @item Character Terminal |
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150 See `text-only terminal.' |
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151 |
25829 | 152 @item Click Event |
153 A click event is the kind of input event generated when you press a | |
154 mouse button and release it without moving the mouse. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. | |
155 | |
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156 @item Clipboard |
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157 A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring |
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158 text between applications. On the X Window system, the clipboard is |
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159 provided in addition to the primary selection (q.v.@:); on MS-Windows, |
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160 the clipboard is used @emph{instead} of the primary selection. |
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161 @xref{Clipboard}. |
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162 |
25829 | 163 @item Coding System |
164 A coding system is an encoding for representing text characters in a | |
165 file or in a stream of information. Emacs has the ability to convert | |
166 text to or from a variety of coding systems when reading or writing it. | |
167 @xref{Coding Systems}. | |
168 | |
169 @item Command | |
170 A command is a Lisp function specially defined to be able to serve as a | |
171 key binding in Emacs. When you type a key sequence (q.v.@:), its | |
172 binding (q.v.@:) is looked up in the relevant keymaps (q.v.@:) to find | |
173 the command to run. @xref{Commands}. | |
174 | |
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175 @item Command History |
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176 See `minibuffer history.' |
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177 |
25829 | 178 @item Command Name |
179 A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol which is a command | |
180 (@pxref{Commands}). You can invoke any command by its name using | |
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181 @kbd{M-x} (@pxref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}). |
25829 | 182 |
183 @item Comment | |
184 A comment is text in a program which is intended only for humans reading | |
185 the program, and which is marked specially so that it will be ignored | |
186 when the program is loaded or compiled. Emacs offers special commands | |
187 for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. | |
188 | |
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189 @item Common Lisp |
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190 Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp (q.v.@:) much larger and more powerful |
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191 than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL |
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192 package. @xref{Common Lisp,,, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}. |
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193 |
25829 | 194 @item Compilation |
195 Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source | |
196 code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code | |
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197 (@pxref{Byte Compilation,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp |
25829 | 198 Reference Manual}) and programs in C and other languages |
199 (@pxref{Compilation}). | |
200 | |
201 @item Complete Key | |
202 A complete key is a key sequence which fully specifies one action to be | |
203 performed by Emacs. For example, @kbd{X} and @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-x m} | |
204 are complete keys. Complete keys derive their meanings from being bound | |
205 (q.v.@:) to commands (q.v.@:). Thus, @kbd{X} is conventionally bound to | |
206 a command to insert @samp{X} in the buffer; @kbd{C-x m} is | |
207 conventionally bound to a command to begin composing a mail message. | |
208 @xref{Keys}. | |
209 | |
210 @item Completion | |
211 Completion is what Emacs does when it automatically fills out an | |
212 abbreviation for a name into the entire name. Completion is done for | |
213 minibuffer (q.v.@:) arguments when the set of possible valid inputs | |
214 is known; for example, on command names, buffer names, and | |
215 file names. Completion occurs when @key{TAB}, @key{SPC} or @key{RET} | |
216 is typed. @xref{Completion}.@refill | |
217 | |
218 @item Continuation Line | |
219 When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it | |
220 takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the | |
221 text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the | |
222 first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic | |
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223 Editing}. A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 224 |
225 @item Control Character | |
226 A control character is a character that you type by holding down the | |
227 @key{CTRL} key. Some control characters also have their own keys, so | |
228 that you can type them without using @key{CTRL}. For example, | |
229 @key{RET}, @key{TAB}, @key{ESC} and @key{DEL} are all control | |
230 characters. @xref{User Input}. | |
231 | |
232 @item Copyleft | |
233 A copyleft is a notice giving the public legal permission to | |
234 redistribute a program or other work of art. Copylefts are used by | |
235 left-wing programmers to promote freedom and cooperation, just as | |
236 copyrights are used by right-wing programmers to gain power over other | |
237 people. | |
238 | |
239 The particular form of copyleft used by the GNU project is called the | |
240 GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}. | |
241 | |
242 @item Current Buffer | |
243 The current buffer in Emacs is the Emacs buffer on which most editing | |
244 commands operate. You can select any Emacs buffer as the current one. | |
245 @xref{Buffers}. | |
246 | |
247 @item Current Line | |
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248 The current line is a line point is on (@pxref{Point}). |
25829 | 249 |
250 @item Current Paragraph | |
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251 The current paragraph is the paragraph that point is in. If point is |
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252 between paragraphs, the current paragraph is the one that follows point. |
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253 @xref{Paragraphs}. |
25829 | 254 |
255 @item Current Defun | |
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256 The current defun is a defun (q.v.@:) that point is in. If point is |
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257 between defuns, the current defun is the one that follows point. |
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258 @xref{Defuns}. |
25829 | 259 |
260 @item Cursor | |
261 The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position | |
262 called point (q.v.@:) at which insertion and deletion takes place. | |
263 The cursor is on or under the character that follows point. Often | |
264 people speak of `the cursor' when, strictly speaking, they mean | |
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265 `point.' @xref{Basic,Cursor,Basic Editing}. |
25829 | 266 |
267 @item Customization | |
268 Customization is making minor changes in the way Emacs works. It is | |
269 often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding | |
270 key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}). | |
271 | |
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272 @item Cut and Paste |
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273 See `killing' and `yanking.' |
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274 |
25829 | 275 @item Default Argument |
276 The default for an argument is the value that will be assumed if you | |
277 do not specify one. When the minibuffer is used to read an argument, | |
278 the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}. | |
279 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
280 | |
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281 @item Default |
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282 A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose if and when |
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283 you do not specify a value to use. |
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284 |
25829 | 285 @item Default Directory |
286 When you specify a file name that does not start with @samp{/} or @samp{~}, | |
287 it is interpreted relative to the current buffer's default directory. | |
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288 (On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, file names which start with a drive letter |
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289 @samp{@var{x}:} are treated as absolute, not relative.) |
25829 | 290 @xref{Minibuffer File,Default Directory}. |
291 | |
292 @item Defun | |
293 A defun is a list at the top level of parenthesis or bracket structure | |
294 in a program. It is so named because most such lists in Lisp programs | |
295 are calls to the Lisp function @code{defun}. @xref{Defuns}. | |
296 | |
297 @item @key{DEL} | |
298 @key{DEL} is a character that runs the command to delete one character of | |
299 text. @xref{Basic,DEL,Basic Editing}. | |
300 | |
301 @item Deletion | |
302 Deletion means erasing text without copying it into the kill ring | |
303 (q.v.@:). The alternative is killing (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing,Deletion}. | |
304 | |
305 @item Deletion of Files | |
306 Deleting a file means erasing it from the file system. | |
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307 @xref{Misc File Ops,Misc File Ops,Miscellaneous File Operations}. |
25829 | 308 |
309 @item Deletion of Messages | |
310 Deleting a message means flagging it to be eliminated from your mail | |
311 file. Until you expunge (q.v.@:) the Rmail file, you can still undelete | |
312 the messages you have deleted. @xref{Rmail Deletion}. | |
313 | |
314 @item Deletion of Windows | |
315 Deleting a window means eliminating it from the screen. Other windows | |
316 expand to use up the space. The deleted window can never come back, | |
317 but no actual text is thereby lost. @xref{Windows}. | |
318 | |
319 @item Directory | |
320 File directories are named collections in the file system, within which | |
321 you can place individual files or subdirectories. @xref{Directories}. | |
322 | |
323 @item Dired | |
324 Dired is the Emacs facility that displays the contents of a file | |
325 directory and allows you to ``edit the directory,'' performing | |
326 operations on the files in the directory. @xref{Dired}. | |
327 | |
328 @item Disabled Command | |
329 A disabled command is one that you may not run without special | |
330 confirmation. The usual reason for disabling a command is that it is | |
331 confusing for beginning users. @xref{Disabling}. | |
332 | |
333 @item Down Event | |
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334 Short for `button down event' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 335 |
336 @item Drag Event | |
337 A drag event is the kind of input event generated when you press a mouse | |
338 button, move the mouse, and then release the button. @xref{Mouse | |
339 Buttons}. | |
340 | |
341 @item Dribble File | |
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342 A dribble file is a file into which Emacs writes all the characters that |
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343 the user types on the keyboard. Dribble files are used to make a record |
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344 for debugging Emacs bugs. Emacs does not make a dribble file unless you |
25829 | 345 tell it to. @xref{Bugs}. |
346 | |
347 @item Echo Area | |
348 The echo area is the bottom line of the screen, used for echoing the | |
349 arguments to commands, for asking questions, and printing brief messages | |
350 (including error messages). The messages are stored in the buffer | |
351 @samp{*Messages*} so you can review them later. @xref{Echo Area}. | |
352 | |
353 @item Echoing | |
354 Echoing is acknowledging the receipt of commands by displaying them (in | |
355 the echo area). Emacs never echoes single-character key sequences; | |
356 longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing them. | |
357 | |
358 @item Electric | |
359 We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting | |
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360 (q.v.@:), but the current major mode (q.v.@:) redefines it to do something |
25829 | 361 else as well. For example, some programming language major modes define |
362 particular delimiter characters to reindent the line or insert one or | |
363 more newlines in addition to self-insertion. | |
364 | |
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365 @item End Of Line |
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366 End of line is a character or characters which signal an end of a text |
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367 line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline (q.v.@:), but other |
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368 systems have other conventions. @xref{Coding Systems,end-of-line}. |
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369 Emacs can recognize several end-of-line conventions in files and convert |
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370 between them. |
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371 |
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372 @item Environment Variable |
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373 An environment variable is one of a collection of variables stored by |
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374 the operating system, each one having a name and a value. Emacs can |
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375 access environment variables set by its parent shell, and it can set |
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376 variables in the environment it passes to programs it invokes. |
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377 @xref{Environment}. |
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378 |
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379 @item EOL |
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380 See `end of line.' |
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381 |
25829 | 382 @item Error |
383 An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current | |
384 circumstances. When an error occurs, execution of the command stops | |
385 (unless the command has been programmed to do otherwise) and Emacs | |
386 reports the error by printing an error message (q.v.@:). Type-ahead | |
387 is discarded. Then Emacs is ready to read another editing command. | |
388 | |
389 @item Error Message | |
390 An error message is a single line of output displayed by Emacs when the | |
391 user asks for something impossible to do (such as, killing text | |
392 forward when point is at the end of the buffer). They appear in the | |
393 echo area, accompanied by a beep. | |
394 | |
395 @item @key{ESC} | |
396 @key{ESC} is a character used as a prefix for typing Meta characters on | |
397 keyboards lacking a @key{META} key. Unlike the @key{META} key (which, | |
398 like the @key{SHIFT} key, is held down while another character is | |
399 typed), you press the @key{ESC} key as you would press a letter key, and | |
400 it applies to the next character you type. | |
401 | |
402 @item Expunging | |
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403 Expunging an Rmail file or Dired buffer or a Gnus newsgroup buffer is an |
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404 operation that truly discards the messages or files you have previously |
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405 flagged for deletion. |
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406 |
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407 @item Face |
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408 A face is a style of displaying characters. It specifies attributes |
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409 such as font family and size, foreground and background colors, |
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410 underline and strike-through, background stipple, etc. Emacs provides |
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411 features to associate specific faces with portions of buffer text, in |
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412 order to display that text as specified by the face attributes. |
25829 | 413 |
414 @item File Locking | |
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415 Emacs uses file locking to notice when two different users |
25829 | 416 start to edit one file at the same time. @xref{Interlocking}. |
417 | |
418 @item File Name | |
419 A file name is a name that refers to a file. File names may be relative | |
420 or absolute; the meaning of a relative file name depends on the current | |
421 directory, but an absolute file name refers to the same file regardless | |
422 of which directory is current. On GNU and Unix systems, an absolute | |
423 file name starts with a slash (the root directory) or with @samp{~/} or | |
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424 @samp{~@var{user}/} (a home directory). On MS-Windows/MS-DOS, and |
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425 absolute file name can also start with a drive letter and a colon |
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426 @samp{@var{d}:}. |
25829 | 427 |
428 Some people use the term ``pathname'' for file names, but we do not; | |
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429 we use the word ``path'' only in the term ``search path'' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 430 |
431 @item File-Name Component | |
432 A file-name component names a file directly within a particular | |
433 directory. On GNU and Unix systems, a file name is a sequence of | |
434 file-name components, separated by slashes. For example, @file{foo/bar} | |
435 is a file name containing two components, @samp{foo} and @samp{bar}; it | |
436 refers to the file named @samp{bar} in the directory named @samp{foo} in | |
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437 the current directory. MS-DOS/MS-Windows file names can also use |
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438 backslashes to separate components, as in @file{foo\bar}. |
25829 | 439 |
440 @item Fill Prefix | |
441 The fill prefix is a string that should be expected at the beginning | |
442 of each line when filling is done. It is not regarded as part of the | |
443 text to be filled. @xref{Filling}. | |
444 | |
445 @item Filling | |
446 Filling text means shifting text between consecutive lines so that all | |
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447 the lines are approximately the same length. @xref{Filling}. Some |
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448 other editors call this feature `line wrapping.' |
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449 |
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450 @item Font Lock |
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451 Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text according to |
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452 its syntax. @xref{Font Lock}. |
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453 |
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454 @item Fontset |
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455 A fontset is a named collection of fonts. A fontset specification lists |
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456 character sets and which font to use to display each of them. Fontsets |
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457 make it easy to change several fonts at once by specifying the name of a |
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458 fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}. |
25829 | 459 |
460 @item Formatted Text | |
461 Formatted text is text that displays with formatting information while | |
462 you edit. Formatting information includes fonts, colors, and specified | |
463 margins. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
464 | |
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465 @item Formfeed Character |
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466 See `page.' |
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467 |
25829 | 468 @item Frame |
469 A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out | |
470 with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame | |
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471 into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a windowing system, all |
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472 the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. Some |
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473 other editors use the term ``window'' for this, but in Emacs a window |
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474 means something else. |
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475 |
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476 @item Fringe |
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477 On windowed displays, there's a narrow portion of the frame (q.v.@:) |
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478 between the text area and the window's border. Emacs displays the |
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479 fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}. |
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480 @xref{Faces,fringe}. |
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481 |
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482 @item FTP |
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483 FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Emacs uses an FTP client |
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484 program to provide access to remote files (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 485 |
486 @item Function Key | |
487 A function key is a key on the keyboard that sends input but does not | |
488 correspond to any character. @xref{Function Keys}. | |
489 | |
490 @item Global | |
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491 Global means ``independent of the current environment; in effect |
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492 throughout Emacs.'' It is the opposite of local (q.v.@:). Particular |
25829 | 493 examples of the use of `global' appear below. |
494 | |
495 @item Global Abbrev | |
496 A global definition of an abbrev (q.v.@:) is effective in all major | |
497 modes that do not have local (q.v.@:) definitions for the same abbrev. | |
498 @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
499 | |
500 @item Global Keymap | |
501 The global keymap (q.v.@:) contains key bindings that are in effect | |
502 except when overridden by local key bindings in a major mode's local | |
503 keymap (q.v.@:). @xref{Keymaps}. | |
504 | |
505 @item Global Mark Ring | |
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506 The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently |
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507 set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack |
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508 through buffers you have been editing in, or in which you have found |
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509 tags (see `tags table'). @xref{Global Mark Ring}. |
25829 | 510 |
511 @item Global Substitution | |
512 Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by | |
513 another string through a large amount of text. @xref{Replace}. | |
514 | |
515 @item Global Variable | |
516 The global value of a variable (q.v.@:) takes effect in all buffers | |
517 that do not have their own local (q.v.@:) values for the variable. | |
518 @xref{Variables}. | |
519 | |
520 @item Graphic Character | |
521 Graphic characters are those assigned pictorial images rather than | |
522 just names. All the non-Meta (q.v.@:) characters except for the | |
523 Control (q.v.@:) characters are graphic characters. These include | |
524 letters, digits, punctuation, and spaces; they do not include | |
525 @key{RET} or @key{ESC}. In Emacs, typing a graphic character inserts | |
526 that character (in ordinary editing modes). @xref{Basic,,Basic Editing}. | |
527 | |
528 @item Highlighting | |
529 Highlighting text means displaying it with a different foreground and/or | |
530 background color to make it stand out from the rest of the text in the | |
531 buffer. | |
532 | |
533 @item Hardcopy | |
534 Hardcopy means printed output. Emacs has commands for making printed | |
535 listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Hardcopy}. | |
536 | |
537 @item @key{HELP} | |
538 @key{HELP} is the Emacs name for @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1}. You can type | |
539 @key{HELP} at any time to ask what options you have, or to ask what any | |
540 command does. @xref{Help}. | |
541 | |
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542 @item Help Echo |
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543 Help echo is a short message printed in the echo area when the mouse |
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544 pointer is located on portions of display that require some |
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545 explanations. Emacs displays help echo for menu items, parts of the |
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546 mode line, tool-bar buttons, etc. On graphics displays, the messages |
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547 can be displayed as tooltips (q.v.@:). @xref{Tooltips}. |
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548 |
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549 @item Hook |
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550 A hook is a list of functions to be called on specific occasions, such |
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551 as saving a buffer in a file, major mode activation, etc. By |
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552 customizing the various hooks, you can modify Emacs's behavior without |
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553 changing any of its code. @xref{Hooks}. |
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554 |
25829 | 555 @item Hyper |
556 Hyper is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
557 have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the | |
558 @key{HYPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
559 @kbd{Hyper-} (usually written @kbd{H-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
560 Hyper}. | |
561 | |
562 @item Inbox | |
563 An inbox is a file in which mail is delivered by the operating system. | |
564 Rmail transfers mail from inboxes to Rmail files (q.v.@:) in which the | |
565 mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted. | |
566 @xref{Rmail Inbox}. | |
567 | |
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568 @item Incremental Search |
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569 Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs searches |
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570 for the string as you type it. @xref{Incremental Search}. |
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571 |
25829 | 572 @item Indentation |
573 Indentation means blank space at the beginning of a line. Most | |
574 programming languages have conventions for using indentation to | |
575 illuminate the structure of the program, and Emacs has special | |
576 commands to adjust indentation. | |
577 @xref{Indentation}. | |
578 | |
579 @item Indirect Buffer | |
580 An indirect buffer is a buffer that shares the text of another buffer, | |
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581 called its base buffer (q.v.@:). @xref{Indirect Buffers}. |
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582 |
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583 @item Info |
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584 Info is the hypertext format used by the GNU project for writing |
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585 documentation. |
25829 | 586 |
587 @item Input Event | |
588 An input event represents, within Emacs, one action taken by the user on | |
589 the terminal. Input events include typing characters, typing function | |
590 keys, pressing or releasing mouse buttons, and switching between Emacs | |
591 frames. @xref{User Input}. | |
592 | |
593 @item Input Method | |
594 An input method is a system for entering non-ASCII text characters by | |
595 typing sequences of ASCII characters (q.v.@:). @xref{Input Methods}. | |
596 | |
597 @item Insertion | |
598 Insertion means copying text into the buffer, either from the keyboard | |
599 or from some other place in Emacs. | |
600 | |
601 @item Interlocking | |
602 Interlocking is a feature for warning when you start to alter a file | |
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603 that someone else is already editing. |
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604 @xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}. |
25829 | 605 |
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606 @item Isearch |
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607 See `incremental search.' |
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608 |
25829 | 609 @item Justification |
610 Justification means adding extra spaces to lines of text to make them | |
611 come exactly to a specified width. @xref{Filling,Justification}. | |
612 | |
613 @item Keyboard Macro | |
614 Keyboard macros are a way of defining new Emacs commands from | |
615 sequences of existing ones, with no need to write a Lisp program. | |
616 @xref{Keyboard Macros}. | |
617 | |
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618 @cindex keyboard shortcuts |
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619 @item Keyboard Shortcut |
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620 A keyboard shortcut is a key sequence (q.v.@:) which invokes a |
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621 command. What other programs call ``assign a keyboard shortcut'' |
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622 Emacs calls ``bind a key sequence''. See `binding.' |
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623 |
25829 | 624 @item Key Sequence |
625 A key sequence (key, for short) is a sequence of input events (q.v.@:) | |
626 that are meaningful as a single unit. If the key sequence is enough to | |
627 specify one action, it is a complete key (q.v.@:); if it is not enough, | |
628 it is a prefix key (q.v.@:). @xref{Keys}. | |
629 | |
630 @item Keymap | |
631 The keymap is the data structure that records the bindings (q.v.@:) of | |
632 key sequences to the commands that they run. For example, the global | |
633 keymap binds the character @kbd{C-n} to the command function | |
634 @code{next-line}. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
635 | |
636 @item Keyboard Translation Table | |
637 The keyboard translation table is an array that translates the character | |
638 codes that come from the terminal into the character codes that make up | |
639 key sequences. @xref{Keyboard Translations}. | |
640 | |
641 @item Kill Ring | |
642 The kill ring is where all text you have killed recently is saved. | |
643 You can reinsert any of the killed text still in the ring; this is | |
644 called yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Yanking}. | |
645 | |
646 @item Killing | |
647 Killing means erasing text and saving it on the kill ring so it can be | |
648 yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting.'' | |
649 Most Emacs commands to erase text do killing, as opposed to deletion | |
650 (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. | |
651 | |
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652 @item Killing a Job |
25829 | 653 Killing a job (such as, an invocation of Emacs) means making it cease |
654 to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. | |
655 @xref{Exiting}. | |
656 | |
657 @item Language Environment | |
658 Your choice of language environment specifies defaults for the input | |
659 method (q.v.@:) and coding system (q.v.@:). @xref{Language | |
660 Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text | |
661 (@pxref{International}). | |
662 | |
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663 @item Line Wrapping |
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664 See `filling.' |
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665 |
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666 @item Lisp |
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667 Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect |
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668 of Lisp, called Emacs Lisp, that is extended with special features which |
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669 make it especially suitable for text editing tasks. |
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670 |
25829 | 671 @item List |
672 A list is, approximately, a text string beginning with an open | |
673 parenthesis and ending with the matching close parenthesis. In C mode | |
674 and other non-Lisp modes, groupings surrounded by other kinds of matched | |
675 delimiters appropriate to the language, such as braces, are also | |
676 considered lists. Emacs has special commands for many operations on | |
677 lists. @xref{Lists}. | |
678 | |
679 @item Local | |
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680 Local means ``in effect only in a particular context''; the relevant |
25829 | 681 kind of context is a particular function execution, a particular |
682 buffer, or a particular major mode. It is the opposite of `global' | |
683 (q.v.@:). Specific uses of `local' in Emacs terminology appear below. | |
684 | |
685 @item Local Abbrev | |
686 A local abbrev definition is effective only if a particular major mode | |
687 is selected. In that major mode, it overrides any global definition | |
688 for the same abbrev. @xref{Abbrevs}. | |
689 | |
690 @item Local Keymap | |
691 A local keymap is used in a particular major mode; the key bindings | |
692 (q.v.@:) in the current local keymap override global bindings of the | |
693 same key sequences. @xref{Keymaps}. | |
694 | |
695 @item Local Variable | |
696 A local value of a variable (q.v.@:) applies to only one buffer. | |
697 @xref{Locals}. | |
698 | |
699 @item @kbd{M-} | |
700 @kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{META}, | |
701 one of the modifier keys that can accompany any character. | |
702 @xref{User Input}. | |
703 | |
704 @item @kbd{M-C-} | |
705 @kbd{M-C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for | |
706 Control-Meta; it means the same thing as @kbd{C-M-}. If your | |
707 terminal lacks a real @key{META} key, you type a Control-Meta character by | |
708 typing @key{ESC} and then typing the corresponding Control character. | |
709 @xref{User Input,C-M-}. | |
710 | |
711 @item @kbd{M-x} | |
712 @kbd{M-x} is the key sequence which is used to call an Emacs command by | |
713 name. This is how you run commands that are not bound to key sequences. | |
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714 @xref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}. |
25829 | 715 |
716 @item Mail | |
717 Mail means messages sent from one user to another through the computer | |
718 system, to be read at the recipient's convenience. Emacs has commands for | |
719 composing and sending mail, and for reading and editing the mail you have | |
720 received. @xref{Sending Mail}. @xref{Rmail}, for how to read mail. | |
721 | |
722 @item Mail Composition Method | |
723 A mail composition method is a program runnable within Emacs for editing | |
724 and sending a mail message. Emacs lets you select from several | |
725 alternative mail composition methods. @xref{Mail Methods}. | |
726 | |
727 @item Major Mode | |
728 The Emacs major modes are a mutually exclusive set of options, each of | |
729 which configures Emacs for editing a certain sort of text. Ideally, | |
730 each programming language has its own major mode. @xref{Major Modes}. | |
731 | |
732 @item Mark | |
733 The mark points to a position in the text. It specifies one end of the | |
734 region (q.v.@:), point being the other end. Many commands operate on | |
735 all the text from point to the mark. Each buffer has its own mark. | |
736 @xref{Mark}. | |
737 | |
738 @item Mark Ring | |
739 The mark ring is used to hold several recent previous locations of the | |
740 mark, just in case you want to move back to them. Each buffer has its | |
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741 own mark ring; in addition, there is a single global mark ring (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 742 @xref{Mark Ring}. |
743 | |
744 @item Menu Bar | |
745 The menu bar is the line at the top of an Emacs frame. It contains | |
33746 | 746 words you can click on with the mouse to bring up menus, or you can use |
747 a keyboard interface to navigate it. @xref{Menu Bars}. | |
25829 | 748 |
749 @item Message | |
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750 See `mail.' |
25829 | 751 |
752 @item Meta | |
753 Meta is the name of a modifier bit which a command character may have. | |
754 It is present in a character if the character is typed with the | |
755 @key{META} key held down. Such characters are given names that start | |
756 with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for short). For example, | |
757 @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META} and at the same time | |
758 typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most terminals, by holding | |
759 down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}). @xref{User Input,Meta}. | |
760 | |
761 @item Meta Character | |
762 A Meta character is one whose character code includes the Meta bit. | |
763 | |
764 @item Minibuffer | |
765 The minibuffer is the window that appears when necessary inside the | |
766 echo area (q.v.@:), used for reading arguments to commands. | |
767 @xref{Minibuffer}. | |
768 | |
769 @item Minibuffer History | |
770 The minibuffer history records the text you have specified in the past | |
771 for minibuffer arguments, so you can conveniently use the same text | |
772 again. @xref{Minibuffer History}. | |
773 | |
774 @item Minor Mode | |
775 A minor mode is an optional feature of Emacs which can be switched on | |
776 or off independently of all other features. Each minor mode has a | |
777 command to turn it on or off. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
778 | |
779 @item Minor Mode Keymap | |
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780 A minor mode keymap is a keymap that belongs to a minor mode and is |
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781 active when that mode is enabled. Minor mode keymaps take precedence |
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782 over the buffer's local keymap, just as the local keymap takes |
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783 precedence over the global keymap. @xref{Keymaps}. |
25829 | 784 |
785 @item Mode Line | |
786 The mode line is the line at the bottom of each window (q.v.@:), giving | |
787 status information on the buffer displayed in that window. @xref{Mode | |
788 Line}. | |
789 | |
790 @item Modified Buffer | |
791 A buffer (q.v.@:) is modified if its text has been changed since the | |
792 last time the buffer was saved (or since when it was created, if it | |
793 has never been saved). @xref{Saving}. | |
794 | |
795 @item Moving Text | |
796 Moving text means erasing it from one place and inserting it in | |
797 another. The usual way to move text by killing (q.v.@:) and then | |
798 yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. | |
799 | |
800 @item MULE | |
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801 MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-ASCII text |
25829 | 802 using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. |
803 | |
804 @item Multibyte Character | |
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805 A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a |
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806 buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text, |
25829 | 807 since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256. |
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808 @xref{International Chars, International Characters}. |
25829 | 809 |
810 @item Named Mark | |
811 A named mark is a register (q.v.@:) in its role of recording a | |
812 location in text so that you can move point to that location. | |
813 @xref{Registers}. | |
814 | |
815 @item Narrowing | |
816 Narrowing means creating a restriction (q.v.@:) that limits editing in | |
817 the current buffer to only a part of the text in the buffer. Text | |
818 outside that part is inaccessible to the user until the boundaries are | |
819 widened again, but it is still there, and saving the file saves it | |
820 all. @xref{Narrowing}. | |
821 | |
822 @item Newline | |
823 Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are | |
824 therefore also called newlines. @xref{Text Characters,Newline}. | |
825 | |
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826 @cindex nil |
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827 @cindex t |
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828 @item @code{nil} |
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829 @code{nil} is a value usually interpreted as a logical ``false.'' Its |
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830 opposite is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true.'' |
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831 |
25829 | 832 @item Numeric Argument |
833 A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change | |
834 the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a | |
835 repeat count. @xref{Arguments}. | |
836 | |
837 @item Overwrite Mode | |
838 Overwrite mode is a minor mode. When it is enabled, ordinary text | |
839 characters replace the existing text after point rather than pushing | |
840 it to the right. @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
841 | |
842 @item Page | |
843 A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (ASCII | |
844 control-L, code 014) coming at the beginning of a line. Some Emacs | |
845 commands are provided for moving over and operating on pages. | |
846 @xref{Pages}. | |
847 | |
848 @item Paragraph | |
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849 Paragraphs are the medium-size unit of human-language text. There are |
25829 | 850 special Emacs commands for moving over and operating on paragraphs. |
851 @xref{Paragraphs}. | |
852 | |
853 @item Parsing | |
854 We say that certain Emacs commands parse words or expressions in the | |
855 text being edited. Really, all they know how to do is find the other | |
856 end of a word or expression. @xref{Syntax}. | |
857 | |
858 @item Point | |
859 Point is the place in the buffer at which insertion and deletion | |
860 occur. Point is considered to be between two characters, not at one | |
861 character. The terminal's cursor (q.v.@:) indicates the location of | |
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862 point. @xref{Basic,Point,Basic Editing}. |
25829 | 863 |
864 @item Prefix Argument | |
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865 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 866 |
867 @item Prefix Key | |
868 A prefix key is a key sequence (q.v.@:) whose sole function is to | |
869 introduce a set of longer key sequences. @kbd{C-x} is an example of | |
870 prefix key; any two-character sequence starting with @kbd{C-x} is | |
871 therefore a legitimate key sequence. @xref{Keys}. | |
872 | |
873 @item Primary Rmail File | |
874 Your primary Rmail file is the file named @samp{RMAIL} in your home | |
875 directory. That's where Rmail stores your incoming mail, unless you | |
876 specify a different file name. @xref{Rmail}. | |
877 | |
878 @item Primary Selection | |
879 The primary selection is one particular X selection (q.v.@:); it is the | |
880 selection that most X applications use for transferring text to and from | |
881 other applications. | |
882 | |
883 The Emacs kill commands set the primary selection and the yank command | |
884 uses the primary selection when appropriate. @xref{Killing}. | |
885 | |
886 @item Prompt | |
887 A prompt is text printed to ask the user for input. Displaying a prompt | |
888 is called prompting. Emacs prompts always appear in the echo area | |
889 (q.v.@:). One kind of prompting happens when the minibuffer is used to | |
890 read an argument (@pxref{Minibuffer}); the echoing which happens when | |
891 you pause in the middle of typing a multi-character key sequence is also | |
892 a kind of prompting (@pxref{Echo Area}). | |
893 | |
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894 @item Query-Replace |
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895 Query-replace is an interactive string replacement feature provided by |
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896 Emacs. @xref{Query Replace}. |
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897 |
25829 | 898 @item Quitting |
899 Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running | |
900 command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}. | |
901 | |
902 @item Quoting | |
903 Quoting means depriving a character of its usual special significance. | |
904 The most common kind of quoting in Emacs is with @kbd{C-q}. What | |
905 constitutes special significance depends on the context and on | |
906 convention. For example, an ``ordinary'' character as an Emacs command | |
907 inserts itself; so in this context, a special character is any character | |
908 that does not normally insert itself (such as @key{DEL}, for example), | |
909 and quoting it makes it insert itself as if it were not special. Not | |
910 all contexts allow quoting. @xref{Basic,Quoting,Basic Editing}. | |
911 | |
912 @item Quoting File Names | |
913 Quoting a file name turns off the special significance of constructs | |
914 such as @samp{$}, @samp{~} and @samp{:}. @xref{Quoted File Names}. | |
915 | |
916 @item Read-Only Buffer | |
917 A read-only buffer is one whose text you are not allowed to change. | |
918 Normally Emacs makes buffers read-only when they contain text which | |
919 has a special significance to Emacs; for example, Dired buffers. | |
920 Visiting a file that is write-protected also makes a read-only buffer. | |
921 @xref{Buffers}. | |
922 | |
923 @item Rectangle | |
924 A rectangle consists of the text in a given range of columns on a given | |
925 range of lines. Normally you specify a rectangle by putting point at | |
926 one corner and putting the mark at the opposite corner. | |
927 @xref{Rectangles}. | |
928 | |
929 @item Recursive Editing Level | |
930 A recursive editing level is a state in which part of the execution of | |
931 a command involves asking the user to edit some text. This text may | |
932 or may not be the same as the text to which the command was applied. | |
933 The mode line indicates recursive editing levels with square brackets | |
934 (@samp{[} and @samp{]}). @xref{Recursive Edit}. | |
935 | |
936 @item Redisplay | |
937 Redisplay is the process of correcting the image on the screen to | |
938 correspond to changes that have been made in the text being edited. | |
939 @xref{Screen,Redisplay}. | |
940 | |
941 @item Regexp | |
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942 See `regular expression.' |
25829 | 943 |
944 @item Region | |
945 The region is the text between point (q.v.@:) and the mark (q.v.@:). | |
946 Many commands operate on the text of the region. @xref{Mark,Region}. | |
947 | |
948 @item Registers | |
949 Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or | |
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950 rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related |
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951 Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 952 |
953 @item Regular Expression | |
954 A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings; | |
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955 for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more |
25829 | 956 digits. @xref{Regexps}. |
957 | |
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958 @item Remote File |
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959 A remote file is a file that is stored on a system other than your own. |
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960 Emacs can access files on other computers provided that they are |
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961 connected to the same network as your machine. @xref{Remote Files}. |
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962 |
25829 | 963 @item Repeat Count |
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964 See `numeric argument.' |
25829 | 965 |
966 @item Replacement | |
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967 See `global substitution.' |
25829 | 968 |
969 @item Restriction | |
970 A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the | |
971 end of the buffer, that is temporarily inaccessible. Giving a buffer a | |
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972 nonzero amount of restriction is called narrowing (q.v.@:); removing |
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973 a restriction is called widening (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. |
25829 | 974 |
975 @item @key{RET} | |
976 @key{RET} is a character that in Emacs runs the command to insert a | |
977 newline into the text. It is also used to terminate most arguments | |
978 read in the minibuffer (q.v.@:). @xref{User Input,Return}. | |
979 | |
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980 @item Reverting |
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981 Reverting means returning to the original state. Emacs lets you |
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982 revert a buffer by re-reading its file from disk. @xref{Reverting}. |
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983 |
25829 | 984 @item Rmail File |
985 An Rmail file is a file containing text in a special format used by | |
986 Rmail for storing mail. @xref{Rmail}. | |
987 | |
988 @item Saving | |
989 Saving a buffer means copying its text into the file that was visited | |
990 (q.v.@:) in that buffer. This is the way text in files actually gets | |
991 changed by your Emacs editing. @xref{Saving}. | |
992 | |
993 @item Scroll Bar | |
994 A scroll bar is a tall thin hollow box that appears at the side of a | |
995 window. You can use mouse commands in the scroll bar to scroll the | |
33746 | 996 window. The scroll bar feature is supported only under windowing |
997 systems. @xref{Scroll Bars}. | |
25829 | 998 |
999 @item Scrolling | |
1000 Scrolling means shifting the text in the Emacs window so as to see a | |
1001 different part of the buffer. @xref{Display,Scrolling}. | |
1002 | |
1003 @item Searching | |
1004 Searching means moving point to the next occurrence of a specified | |
1005 string or the next match for a specified regular expression. | |
1006 @xref{Search}. | |
1007 | |
1008 @item Search Path | |
1009 A search path is a list of directory names, to be used for searching for | |
1010 files for certain purposes. For example, the variable @code{load-path} | |
1011 holds a search path for finding Lisp library files. @xref{Lisp Libraries}. | |
1012 | |
1013 @item Secondary Selection | |
1014 The secondary selection is one particular X selection; some X | |
1015 applications can use it for transferring text to and from other | |
1016 applications. Emacs has special mouse commands for transferring text | |
1017 using the secondary selection. @xref{Secondary Selection}. | |
1018 | |
1019 @item Selecting | |
1020 Selecting a buffer means making it the current (q.v.@:) buffer. | |
1021 @xref{Buffers,Selecting}. | |
1022 | |
1023 @item Selection | |
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1024 Windowing systems allow an application program to specify |
25829 | 1025 selections whose values are text. A program can also read the |
1026 selections that other programs have set up. This is the principal way | |
1027 of transferring text between window applications. Emacs has commands to | |
1028 work with the primary (q.v.@:) selection and the secondary (q.v.@:) | |
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1029 selection, and also with the clipboard (q.v.@:). |
25829 | 1030 |
1031 @item Self-Documentation | |
1032 Self-documentation is the feature of Emacs which can tell you what any | |
1033 command does, or give you a list of all commands related to a topic | |
1034 you specify. You ask for self-documentation with the help character, | |
1035 @kbd{C-h}. @xref{Help}. | |
1036 | |
1037 @item Self-Inserting Character | |
1038 A character is self-inserting if typing that character inserts that | |
1039 character in the buffer. Ordinary printing and whitespace characters | |
1040 are self-inserting in Emacs, except in certain special major modes. | |
1041 | |
1042 @item Sentences | |
1043 Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences. | |
1044 @xref{Sentences}. | |
1045 | |
1046 @item Sexp | |
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1047 A sexp (short for ``s-expression'') is the basic syntactic unit of Lisp |
25829 | 1048 in its textual form: either a list, or Lisp atom. Many Emacs commands |
1049 operate on sexps. The term `sexp' is generalized to languages other | |
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1050 than Lisp, to mean a syntactically recognizable expression, such as a |
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1051 block or a parenthesized expression in C. @xref{Lists,Sexps}. |
25829 | 1052 |
1053 @item Simultaneous Editing | |
1054 Simultaneous editing means two users modifying the same file at once. | |
1055 Simultaneous editing if not detected can cause one user to lose his | |
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1056 work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing and warns one |
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1057 of the users to investigate. |
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1058 @xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}. |
25829 | 1059 |
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1060 @item Speedbar |
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1061 Speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs |
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1062 buffers, functions within those buffers, Info nodes, and other |
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1063 interesting parts of text within Emacs. @xref{Speedbar}. |
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1064 |
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1065 @item Spell Checking |
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1066 Spell checking means checking correctness of the written form of each |
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1067 one of the words in a text. Emacs uses the Ispell spelling-checker |
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1068 program to check the spelling of parts of a buffer via a convenient user |
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1069 interface. @xref{Spelling}. |
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1070 |
25829 | 1071 @item String |
1072 A string is a kind of Lisp data object which contains a sequence of | |
1073 characters. Many Emacs variables are intended to have strings as | |
1074 values. The Lisp syntax for a string consists of the characters in the | |
1075 string with a @samp{"} before and another @samp{"} after. A @samp{"} | |
1076 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\"} and a @samp{\} | |
1077 that is part of the string must be written as @samp{\\}. All other | |
1078 characters, including newline, can be included just by writing them | |
1079 inside the string; however, backslash sequences as in C, such as | |
1080 @samp{\n} for newline or @samp{\241} using an octal character code, are | |
1081 allowed as well. | |
1082 | |
1083 @item String Substitution | |
1084 See `global substitution'. | |
1085 | |
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1086 @item Syntax Highlighting |
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1087 See `font lock.' |
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1088 |
25829 | 1089 @item Syntax Table |
1090 The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word, | |
1091 which characters balance each other like parentheses, etc. | |
1092 @xref{Syntax}. | |
1093 | |
1094 @item Super | |
1095 Super is the name of a modifier bit which a keyboard input character may | |
1096 have. To make a character Super, type it while holding down the | |
1097 @key{SUPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with | |
1098 @kbd{Super-} (usually written @kbd{s-} for short). @xref{User Input, | |
1099 Super}. | |
1100 | |
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1101 @item Suspending |
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1102 Suspending Emacs means stopping it temporarily and returning control |
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1103 to its parent process, which is usually a shell. Unlike killing a job |
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1104 (q.v.@:), you can later resume the suspended Emacs job without losing |
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1105 your buffers, unsaved edits, undo history, etc. @xref{Exiting}. |
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1106 |
25829 | 1107 @item Tags Table |
1108 A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function | |
1109 definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. | |
1110 | |
1111 @item Termscript File | |
1112 A termscript file contains a record of all characters sent by Emacs to | |
1113 the terminal. It is used for tracking down bugs in Emacs redisplay. | |
1114 Emacs does not make a termscript file unless you tell it to. | |
1115 @xref{Bugs}. | |
1116 | |
1117 @item Text | |
1118 Two meanings (@pxref{Text}): | |
1119 | |
1120 @itemize @bullet | |
1121 @item | |
1122 Data consisting of a sequence of characters, as opposed to binary | |
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1123 numbers, executable programs, and the like. The basic contents of an |
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1124 Emacs buffer (aside from the text properties, q.v.@:) are always text |
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1125 in this sense. |
25829 | 1126 @item |
1127 Data consisting of written human language, as opposed to programs, | |
1128 or following the stylistic conventions of human language. | |
1129 @end itemize | |
1130 | |
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1131 @item Text-only Terminal |
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1132 A text-only terminal is a display that is limited to displaying text in |
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1133 character units. Such a terminal cannot control individual pixels it |
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1134 displays. Emacs supports a subset of display features on text-only |
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1135 terminals. |
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1136 |
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1137 @item Text Properties |
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1138 Text properties are annotations recorded for particular characters in |
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1139 the buffer. Images in the buffer are recorded as text properties; |
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1140 they also specify formatting information. @xref{Editing Format Info}. |
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1141 |
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1142 @item Tool Bar |
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1143 The tool bar is a line (sometimes multiple lines) of icons at the top |
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1144 of an Emacs frame. Clicking on one of these icons executes a command. |
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1145 You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.@:). |
36210 | 1146 @xref{Tool Bars}. |
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1147 |
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1148 @item Tooltips |
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1149 Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text that |
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1150 explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse |
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1151 clicks, etc. @xref{Tooltips}. |
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1152 |
25829 | 1153 @item Top Level |
1154 Top level is the normal state of Emacs, in which you are editing the | |
1155 text of the file you have visited. You are at top level whenever you | |
1156 are not in a recursive editing level (q.v.@:) or the minibuffer | |
1157 (q.v.@:), and not in the middle of a command. You can get back to top | |
1158 level by aborting (q.v.@:) and quitting (q.v.@:). @xref{Quitting}. | |
1159 | |
1160 @item Transposition | |
1161 Transposing two units of text means putting each one into the place | |
1162 formerly occupied by the other. There are Emacs commands to transpose | |
1163 two adjacent characters, words, sexps (q.v.@:) or lines | |
1164 (@pxref{Transpose}). | |
1165 | |
1166 @item Truncation | |
1167 Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any text on a | |
1168 line that does not fit within the right margin of the window | |
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1169 displaying it. See also `continuation line.' |
25829 | 1170 @xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}. |
1171 | |
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1172 @item TTY |
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1173 See `text-only terminal.' |
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1174 |
25829 | 1175 @item Undoing |
1176 Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing | |
1177 back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. | |
1178 @xref{Undo}. | |
1179 | |
1180 @item User Option | |
1181 A user option is a variable (q.v.@:) that exists so that you can customize | |
1182 Emacs by setting it to a new value. @xref{Variables}. | |
1183 | |
1184 @item Variable | |
1185 A variable is an object in Lisp that can store an arbitrary value. | |
1186 Emacs uses some variables for internal purposes, and has others (known | |
1187 as `user options' (q.v.@:)) just so that you can set their values to | |
1188 control the behavior of Emacs. The variables used in Emacs that you | |
1189 are likely to be interested in are listed in the Variables Index in | |
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1190 this manual (@pxref{Variable Index}). @xref{Variables}, for |
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1191 information on variables. |
25829 | 1192 |
1193 @item Version Control | |
1194 Version control systems keep track of multiple versions of a source file. | |
1195 They provide a more powerful alternative to keeping backup files (q.v.@:). | |
1196 @xref{Version Control}. | |
1197 | |
1198 @item Visiting | |
1199 Visiting a file means loading its contents into a buffer (q.v.@:) | |
1200 where they can be edited. @xref{Visiting}. | |
1201 | |
1202 @item Whitespace | |
1203 Whitespace is any run of consecutive formatting characters (space, | |
1204 tab, newline, and backspace). | |
1205 | |
1206 @item Widening | |
1207 Widening is removing any restriction (q.v.@:) on the current buffer; | |
1208 it is the opposite of narrowing (q.v.@:). @xref{Narrowing}. | |
1209 | |
1210 @item Window | |
1211 Emacs divides a frame (q.v.@:) into one or more windows, each of which | |
1212 can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. | |
1213 @xref{Screen}, for basic information on how Emacs uses the screen. | |
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1214 @xref{Windows}, for commands to control the use of windows. Some |
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1215 other editors use the term ``window'' for what we call a `frame' |
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1216 (q.v.@:) in Emacs. |
25829 | 1217 |
1218 @item Word Abbrev | |
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1219 See `abbrev.' |
25829 | 1220 |
1221 @item Word Search | |
1222 Word search is searching for a sequence of words, considering the | |
1223 punctuation between them as insignificant. @xref{Word Search}. | |
1224 | |
1225 @item WYSIWYG | |
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1226 WYSIWYG stands for ``What you see is what you get.'' Emacs generally |
25829 | 1227 provides WYSIWYG editing for files of characters; in Enriched mode |
1228 (@pxref{Formatted Text}), it provides WYSIWYG editing for files that | |
1229 include text formatting information. | |
1230 | |
1231 @item Yanking | |
1232 Yanking means reinserting text previously killed. It can be used to | |
1233 undo a mistaken kill, or for copying or moving text. Some other | |
1234 systems call this ``pasting.'' @xref{Yanking}. | |
1235 @end table | |
1236 |