annotate doc/misc/faq.texi @ 110343:94013d67543b

* lisp/url/url-cache (url-store-in-cache): Make `buff' argument really optional.
author Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
date Fri, 10 Sep 2010 18:55:55 -0700
parents f1266b2f017e
children 60516122d066 da3121d12212
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1 \input texinfo @c -*- mode: texinfo; -*-
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2 @c %**start of header
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3 @setfilename ../../info/efaq
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ
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5 @c %**end of header
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6
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7 @c This is used in many places
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8 @set VER 23.2.50
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9
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10 @c This file is maintained by Romain Francoise <rfrancoise@gnu.org>.
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11 @c Feel free to install changes without prior permission (but I'd
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12 @c appreciate a notice if you do).
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13
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14 @copying
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15 Copyright @copyright{} 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,
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16 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.@*
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17 Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
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18 Reuven M. Lerner@*
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19 Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes@*
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20 Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells@*
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21
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22 @quotation
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23 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
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24 (``FAQ'') may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
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25 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
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26
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27 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
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28 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved
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29 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to
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30 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the
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31 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information).
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32
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33 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that
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34 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
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35 itself allows free copying and redistribution.
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36
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37 [This version has been heavily edited since it was included in the Emacs
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38 distribution.]
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39 @end quotation
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40 @end copying
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41
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42 @dircategory Emacs
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43 @direntry
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44 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs.
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45 @end direntry
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46
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47 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version
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48 @titlepage
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49 @sp 10
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50 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ}
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51
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52 @c The following two commands start the copyright page.
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53 @page
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54 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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55 @insertcopying
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56 @end titlepage
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57
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58 @contents
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59
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60 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir)
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61 @top The GNU Emacs FAQ
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62
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63 @c FIXME @today is just the day we ran `makeinfo'.
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64 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}.
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65
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66 This FAQ is maintained as a part of GNU Emacs. If you find any errors,
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67 or have any suggestions, please use @kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} to report
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68 them.
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69
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70 This is the version of the FAQ distributed with Emacs @value{VER}, and
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71 mainly describes that version. Although there is some information on
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72 older versions, details about very old releases (now only of historical
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73 interest) have been removed. If you are interested in this, consult
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74 either the version of the FAQ distributed with older versions of Emacs,
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75 or the history of this document in the Emacs source repository.
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76
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77 Since Emacs releases are very stable, we recommend always running the
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78 latest release.
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79
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80 This FAQ is not updated very frequently. When you have a question about
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81 Emacs, the Emacs manual is often the best starting point.
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82
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83 @ifnottex
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84 @insertcopying
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85 @end ifnottex
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86
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87 @menu
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88 * FAQ notation::
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89 * General questions::
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90 * Getting help::
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91 * Status of Emacs::
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92 * Common requests::
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93 * Bugs and problems::
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94 * Compiling and installing Emacs::
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95 * Finding Emacs and related packages::
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96 * Major packages and programs::
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97 * Key bindings::
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98 * Alternate character sets::
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99 * Mail and news::
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100 * Concept index::
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101 @end menu
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102
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103 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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104 @node FAQ notation
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105 @chapter FAQ notation
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106 @cindex FAQ notation
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107
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108 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in
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109 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time
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110 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms
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111 used in the FAQ.
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112
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113 @menu
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114 * Basic keys::
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115 * Extended commands::
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116 * Emacs manual::
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117 * File-name conventions::
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118 * Common acronyms::
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119 @end menu
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120
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121 @node Basic keys
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122 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.?
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123 @cindex Basic keys
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124 @cindex Control key, notation for
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125 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for
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126 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for
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127 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of
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128 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of
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129 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of
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130 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of
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131 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of
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132 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of
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133 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of
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134 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of
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135 @cindex Notation for keys
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136
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137 @itemize @bullet
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138
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139 @item
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140 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key
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141
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142 @item
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143 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key
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144 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key})
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145
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146 @item
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147 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control}
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148 and @key{Meta}
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149
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150 @item
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151 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above
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152
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153 @item
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154 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j}
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155
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156 @item
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157 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m}
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158
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159 @item
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160 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as
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161 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if
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162 deleting invokes Emacs help)
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163
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164 @item
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165 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[}
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166
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167 @item
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168 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i}
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169
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170 @item
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171 @key{SPC}: Space bar
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172
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173 @end itemize
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174
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175 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are
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176 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this:
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177
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178 @display
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179 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET}
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180 @end display
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181
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182 @noindent
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183 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC}
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184 really means press the space key.
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185
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186 The @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value
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187 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for
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188 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux
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189 terminals, the @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the
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190 @acronym{ASCII} code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially,
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191 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit
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192 7@footnote{
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193 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is
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194 pressed.}.
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195
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196 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is @acronym{ASCII} code 127. It is a misnomer to call
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197 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON.
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198 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate @acronym{ASCII} code 127.
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199 @c FIXME I cannot understand the previous sentence.
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200
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201 @inforef{Keys, Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{Emacs
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202 manual}, for more information about Info.)
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203
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204 @node Extended commands
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205 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean?
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206 @cindex Extended commands
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207 @cindex Commands, extended
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208 @cindex M-x, meaning of
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209
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210 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the
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211 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure
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212 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.)
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213
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214 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command
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215 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any
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216 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't
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217 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for
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218 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and
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219 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow) to see previous commands entered.
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220 An Emacs @dfn{command} is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function.
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221
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222 @cindex @key{Do} key
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223 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke
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224 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a
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225 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key.
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226
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227 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating
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228 Emacs Lisp code}.
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229
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230 @node Emacs manual
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231 @section How do I read topic XXX in the Emacs manual?
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232 @cindex Emacs manual, reading topics in
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233 @cindex Reading topics in the Emacs manual
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234 @cindex Finding topics in the Emacs manual
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235 @cindex Info, finding topics in
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236
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237 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the Emacs manual, you can
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238 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by
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239 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}.
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240
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241 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't
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242 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info.
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243
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244 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
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245 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}.
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246
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247 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may
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248 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them
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249 improperly. In this case you should complain.
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250
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251 If you are reading this FAQ in Info, you can simply press @key{RET} on a
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252 reference to follow it.
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253
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254 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the
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255 Emacs manual.
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256
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257 @node File-name conventions
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258 @section What are @file{etc/GNU}, @file{src/config.h}, @file{site-lisp/default.el}, etc.?
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259 @cindex File-name conventions
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260 @cindex Conventions for file names
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261 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs
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262
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263 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided
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264 into subdirectories; e.g. @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and @file{src}.
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265 Some of these (e.g. @file{etc} and @file{lisp}) are present both in
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266 an installed Emacs and in the sources, but some (e.g. @file{src}) are
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267 only found in the sources.
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268
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269 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start
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270 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory
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271 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed
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272 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable
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273 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the
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274 documentation of a variable.)
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275
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276 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where Info documentation
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277 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use
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278 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of
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279 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last
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280 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By
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281 default, Emacs Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/share/info}.
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282
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283 For information on some of the files in the @file{etc} directory,
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284 @pxref{Informational files for Emacs}.
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285
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286 @node Common acronyms
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287 @section What are FSF, LPF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL?
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288 @cindex FSF, definition of
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289 @cindex LPF, definition of
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290 @cindex GNU, definition of
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291 @cindex RMS, definition of
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292 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for
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293 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for
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294 @cindex FTP, definition of
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295 @cindex GPL, definition of
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296 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for
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297 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for
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298
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299 @table @asis
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300
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301 @item FSF
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302 Free Software Foundation
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303
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304 @item LPF
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305 League for Programming Freedom
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306
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307 @item GNU
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308 GNU's Not Unix
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309
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310 @item RMS
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311 Richard Matthew Stallman
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312
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313 @item FTP
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314 File Transfer Protocol
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315
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316 @item GPL
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317 GNU General Public License
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318
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319 @end table
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320
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321 Avoid confusing the FSF and the LPF. The LPF opposes
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322 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make
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323 high quality free software available for everyone.
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324
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325 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to
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326 ``freedom,'' not ``zero cost.'' Anyone can charge any price for
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327 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the
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328 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always
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329 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has
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330 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software.
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331
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332 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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333 @node General questions
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334 @chapter General questions
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335 @cindex General questions
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336
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337 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the
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338 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations.
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339
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340 @menu
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341 * The LPF::
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342 * Real meaning of copyleft::
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343 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings::
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344 * Newsgroup archives::
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345 * Reporting bugs::
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346 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists::
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347 * Contacting the FSF::
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348 @end menu
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349
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350 @node The LPF
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351 @section What is the LPF?
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352 @cindex LPF, description of
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353 @cindex League for Programming Freedom
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354 @cindex Software patents, opposition to
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355 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to
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356
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357 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and
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358 look-and-feel copyrights. More information on the LPF's views is
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359 available at @uref{http://progfree.org/, the LPF home page}.
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360
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361 @node Real meaning of copyleft
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362 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft?
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363 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of
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364 @cindex GPL, real meaning of
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365 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of
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366 @cindex Discussion of the GPL
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367
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368 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will
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369 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope.
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370 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to
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371 set any precedents. Although legal actions have been brought against
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372 companies for violating the terms of the GPL, so far all have been
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373 settled out of court (in favour of the plaintiffs). Please take any
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374 discussion regarding this issue to the newsgroup
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375 @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the extensive
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376 flame wars on the subject.
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377
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378 RMS writes:
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379
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380 @quotation
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381 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit,
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382 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining
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383 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users
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384 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make
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385 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you
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386 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the
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387 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed.
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388 @end quotation
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389
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390 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings
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391 @section What are appropriate messages for the various Emacs newsgroups?
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392 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for
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393 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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394 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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395 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for
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396 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups
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397
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398 @cindex GNU mailing lists
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399 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU
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400 mailing list (@pxref{Informational files for Emacs}). For those lists
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401 which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it lists both the newsgroup name
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402 and the mailing list address. The Emacs mailing lists are also
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403 described at @uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/mail/?group=emacs, the Emacs
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404 Savannah page}.
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405
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406 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs
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407 in general. The newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} is specifically
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408 for GNU Emacs. It therefore makes no sense to cross-post to both
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
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409 groups, since only one can be appropriate to any question.
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410
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411 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on
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412 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss},
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413 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject.
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414 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't
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415 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to
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416 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when
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417 posting a followup that recommends such software.
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418
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419 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid
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420 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}).
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421
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422 @node Newsgroup archives
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423 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups?
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424 @cindex Archived postings from @code{gnu.emacs.help}
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425 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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426 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups
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427
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428 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many
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429 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The
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430 archive can be browsed over the web at
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431 @uref{http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/, the GNU mail archive}. Raw
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432 files can be downloaded from @uref{ftp://lists.gnu.org/}.
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433
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434 Web-based Usenet search services, such as
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435 @uref{http://groups.google.com/groups/dir?q=gnu&, Google}, also
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436 archive the @code{gnu.*} groups.
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437
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438 You can also read the archives of the @code{gnu.*} groups and post new
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439 messages at @uref{http://gmane.org/, Gmane}. Gmane is a service that
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440 presents mailing lists as newsgroups (even those without a traditional
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
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441 mail-to-news gateway).
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442
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443 @node Reporting bugs
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444 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs?
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445 @cindex Bug reporting
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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446 @cindex Good bug reports
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447 @cindex How to submit a bug report
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448 @cindex Reporting bugs
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449
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450 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is to use the command
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451 @kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug}. It sets up a mail buffer with the
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452 essential information and the correct e-mail address, which is
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453 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} for the released versions of Emacs.
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454 Anything sent to @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} also appears in the
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455 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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456 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address
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457 so you can be contacted for further details.
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458
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459 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting
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460 a bug! The manual describes in detail how to submit a useful bug
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461 report (@pxref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
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462 (@xref{Emacs manual}, if you don't know how to read the manual.)
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463
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464 RMS says:
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465
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466 @quotation
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467 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the
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468 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because
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469 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of
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470 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem.
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471 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people
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472 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to
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473 receive more messages about Emacs than the others.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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474 @end quotation
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475
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476 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}:
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477
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478 @quotation
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479 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix,
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480 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on
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481 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you.
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482 @end quotation
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483
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484 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following
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485 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS:
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486
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487 @quotation
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488 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors
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489 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that
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490 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it
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491 does, that is a bug.
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492 @end quotation
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493
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494 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists
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495 @section How do I unsubscribe from a mailing list?
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496 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists
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497 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists
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parents:
diff changeset
498
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499 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you should be
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500 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address
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501 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. Mailing lists mails normally
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502 contain information in either the message header
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503 (@samp{List-Unsubscribe:}) or as a footer that tells you how to
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504 unsubscribe.
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505
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506 @node Contacting the FSF
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507 @section What is the current address of the FSF?
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508 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF
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509 @cindex Postal address of the FSF
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510 @cindex Contracting the FSF
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511 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting
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512
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513 For up-to-date information, see
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
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514 @uref{http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html, the FSF contact web-page}.
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
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515
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516 @table @asis
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517
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518 @item E-mail
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519 info@@fsf.org
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520
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521 @item Telephone
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522 +1-617-542-5942
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523
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524 @item Fax
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525 +1-617-542-2652
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526
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527 @item World Wide Web
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528 @uref{http://www.fsf.org/}
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529
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530 @item Postal address
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531 Free Software Foundation@*
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diff changeset
532 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor@*
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533 Boston, MA 02110-1301@*
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534 USA@*
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535
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536 @end table
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537
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538 @cindex Ordering GNU software
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539 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the
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540 @uref{http://shop.fsf.org/, FSF on-line store}.
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541
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542 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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543 @node Getting help
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544 @chapter Getting help
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545 @cindex Getting help
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546
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547 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs.
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548
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549 @menu
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550 * Basic editing::
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551 * Learning how to do something::
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552 * Getting a printed manual::
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553 * Emacs Lisp documentation::
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554 * Installing Texinfo documentation::
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555 * Printing a Texinfo file::
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556 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs::
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557 * Informational files for Emacs::
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558 * Help installing Emacs::
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559 * Obtaining the FAQ::
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560 @end menu
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561
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562 @node Basic editing
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563 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing?
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564 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs
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diff changeset
565 @cindex Beginning editing
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diff changeset
566 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the
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567 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the
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parents:
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568 @cindex Help system, entering the
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diff changeset
569
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570 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing
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571 @kbd{C-h} enters the help system. Starting with Emacs 22, the tutorial
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572 is available in many foreign languages such as French, German, Japanese,
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573 Russian, etc. Use @kbd{M-x help-with-tutorial-spec-language @key{RET}}
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574 to choose your language and start the tutorial.
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575
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576 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like
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577 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x
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578 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any)
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579 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET}
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580 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key
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581 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key
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582 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences (e.g. @key{F1} is
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583 common) invokes help.
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584
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585 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value
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586 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}.
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587
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588 @node Learning how to do something
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589 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs?
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590 @cindex Help for Emacs
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parents:
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591 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 @cindex Reference card for Emacs
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
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593 @cindex Overview of help systems
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parents:
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594
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595 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs.
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596
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597 @itemize @bullet
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598
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599 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual
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600 @item
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601 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available via the Info
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602 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h r} to display the manual in Info mode.
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603 Typing @key{h} immediately after entering Info will provide a short
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604 tutorial on how to use it.
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605
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606 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual
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parents:
diff changeset
607 @cindex Index search in a manual
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parents:
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608 @item
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609 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain
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610 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
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611 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the
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612 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this
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613 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,}
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614 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and
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615 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the
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616 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.)
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617
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618 @cindex Apropos
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619 @item
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620 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word
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621 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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622 command-apropos}).
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parents:
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623
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624 @cindex Command description in the manual
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625 @item
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626 The command @kbd{C-h F} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts
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627 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the
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628 Emacs manual where that command is described.
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629
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630 @cindex Finding commands and variables
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parents:
diff changeset
631 @item
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632 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
633 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}.
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634
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635 @item
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636 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x
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638 apropos-documentation}.
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639
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640 @item
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641 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a
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642 printed manual}.
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643
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644 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages
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parents:
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645 @item
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646 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to
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diff changeset
647 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $2 (or 10 for $18),
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcards/refcard.tex} or
103383
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
649 @file{etc/refcards/refcard.pdf} files in the Emacs distribution.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 Beginning with version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 translations of the reference card into several languages; look for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 files named @file{etc/refcards/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 is a two-letter code of the language. For example, the German version
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 of the reference card is in the files @file{etc/refcards/de-refcard.tex}
103383
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
655 and @file{etc/recards/de-refcard.pdf}.
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parents:
diff changeset
656
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parents:
diff changeset
657 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 @kbd{C-h}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 @end itemize
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
664 @node Getting a printed manual
84296
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parents:
diff changeset
665 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
671 details see the @uref{http://shop.fsf.org/, FSF on-line store}.
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
672
103383
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
673 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{doc/emacs}
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to
103383
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
675 print out this several-hundred-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 file}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{},
103383
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
679 you can get a PostScript or PDF (or HTML) version from
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
683 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual from Emacs.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
685 @node Emacs Lisp documentation
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parents:
diff changeset
686 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp?
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 @cindex Function documentation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 @cindex Variable documentation
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 For more information, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
697 in Info format (@pxref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
698 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}).
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
699
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
700 You can also order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF, for details
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
701 see the @uref{http://shop.fsf.org/, FSF on-line store}. (This manual is
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
702 not always in print.)
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/elisp-manual/elisp.html}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
708 @node Installing Texinfo documentation
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 @cindex Info files, how to install
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
716 Emacs releases come with pre-built Info files, and the normal install
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
717 process places them in the correct location. This is true for most
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
718 applications that provide Info files. The following section is only
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
719 relevant if you want to install extra Info files by hand.
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
720
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
721 First, you must turn the Texinfo source files into Info files. You may
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
722 do this using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
723 of the Texinfo package at
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
725 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/}
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
729 Info format, so you can read it from Emacs; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
732 @c FIXME is this a complete alternative?
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
733 @c Probably not, given that we require makeinfo to build Emacs.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 manual you want to convert.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 perform these steps:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 @enumerate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 is.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 you produced and want to install.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 @end enumerate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 privileges, you have several options:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 You can use a prefix argument for the @code{info} command and specify
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 the name of the Info file in the minibuffer. This goes to the node
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 named @samp{Top} in that file. For example, to view a Info file named
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 @file{@var{info-file}} in your home directory, you can type this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @kbd{C-u C-h i ~/@var{info-file} @key{RET}}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 Alternatively, you can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 command (invoked by pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 of the file in parentheses, like this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 @lisp
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
803 (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "~/Info")
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parents:
diff changeset
804 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
807 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
808 should list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
809 not need it if (fortuitously) all files in this directory were
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
810 referenced by other @file{dir} files. The node lists from all
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
811 @file{dir} files in @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
812 Info system.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
816 @node Printing a Texinfo file
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 @section How do I print a Texinfo file?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 @cindex Texinfo file, printing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 @cindex Printing documentation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 @enumerate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 \input texinfo
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as
84329
3d431f1997d8 (setfilename): Go up one more level to ../../info.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 84296
diff changeset
838 @file{doc/misc/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory).
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
843 printed copy. The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
844 distribution.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
846 Alternatively, @samp{texi2pdf} produces PDF files.
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
847
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 printer.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 @end enumerate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
859 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 @cindex Viewing Info files
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 @cindex Info file viewers
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 Yes. Here are some alternative programs:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 details.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 You can get Tkinfo at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
881 @node Informational files for Emacs
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 @section What informational files are available for Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 @cindex Files included with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 are available for you to read.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
897 The following files (and others) are available in the @file{etc}
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
898 directory of the Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
899 you're not sure where that is). Many of these files are available via
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
900 the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?} (@kbd{M-x
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
901 help-for-help}).
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 @table @file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 @item COPYING
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 GNU General Public License
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 @item DISTRIB
103383
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
909 Emacs Availability Information
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @item GNU
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 The GNU Manifesto
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 @item INTERVIEW
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 system with BYTE editors
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 @item MACHINES
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 @item MAILINGLISTS
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 @item NEWS
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 @end table
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 Bulletin}, are at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
936 @node Help installing Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 @cindex Installation help
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 @cindex Help installing Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see
103384
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
942 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, if you have problems with the installation.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
944 @uref{http://www.fsf.org/resources/service/, The GNU Service directory}
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
945 lists companies and individuals willing to sell you help in installing
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
946 or using Emacs and other GNU software.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
948 @node Obtaining the FAQ
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the
103383
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
952
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
953 The Emacs FAQ is distributed with Emacs in Info format. You can read it
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
954 by selecting the @samp{Emacs FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of
288ef1280a95 (Common acronyms): Remove no-longer-existing OSF.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103279
diff changeset
955 the Emacs menu bar at the top of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
956 C-f} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}). The very latest version is available
103457
e054e28bc3a4 (Obtaining the FAQ): Add reference to Savannah.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103446
diff changeset
957 in the Emacs development repository (@pxref{Latest version of Emacs}).
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
960 @node Status of Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 @chapter Status of Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 @cindex Status of Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
964 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including the
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
965 status of its latest version.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 * Origin of the term Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 * Latest version of Emacs::
103425
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
970 * New in Emacs 23::
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
971 * New in Emacs 22::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 * New in Emacs 21::
103425
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
973 * New in Emacs 20::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
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parents:
diff changeset
975
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
976 @node Origin of the term Emacs
84296
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parents:
diff changeset
977 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs''
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 @cindex Emacs name origin
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 @cindex TECO
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 @cindex Original version of Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
987 Editor and COrrector) under ITS (the Incompatible Timesharing System) on
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
988 a PDP-10. RMS had already extended TECO with a ``real-time''
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
989 full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys. Emacs was started by
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
990 @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project to unify the many
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
991 divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, and completed by
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
992 RMS.
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parents:
diff changeset
993
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 @cindex Why Emacs?
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 conventions}).
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1005 @node Latest version of Emacs
84296
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parents:
diff changeset
1006 @section What is the latest version of Emacs?
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 @cindex Version, latest
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 @cindex Latest version of Emacs
103457
e054e28bc3a4 (Obtaining the FAQ): Add reference to Savannah.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103446
diff changeset
1009 @cindex Development, Emacs
e054e28bc3a4 (Obtaining the FAQ): Add reference to Savannah.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103446
diff changeset
1010 @cindex Repository, Emacs
106880
eb988710a8d2 (Latest version of Emacs): The repository is now Bazaar.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 106815
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1011 @cindex Bazaar repository, Emacs
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parents:
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1012
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
1013 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing. A version
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
1014 number with two components (e.g. @samp{22.1}) indicates a released
103425
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1015 version; three components indicate a development
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1016 version (e.g. @samp{23.0.50} is what will eventually become @samp{23.1}).
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
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1017
103457
e054e28bc3a4 (Obtaining the FAQ): Add reference to Savannah.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103446
diff changeset
1018 Emacs is under active development, hosted at
e054e28bc3a4 (Obtaining the FAQ): Add reference to Savannah.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103446
diff changeset
1019 @uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/emacs/, Savannah}. The source
e054e28bc3a4 (Obtaining the FAQ): Add reference to Savannah.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103446
diff changeset
1020 code can be retrieved anonymously following the
106880
eb988710a8d2 (Latest version of Emacs): The repository is now Bazaar.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 106815
diff changeset
1021 @uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/bzr/?group=emacs, instructions}.
eb988710a8d2 (Latest version of Emacs): The repository is now Bazaar.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 106815
diff changeset
1022 The repository is GNU Bazaar.
103457
e054e28bc3a4 (Obtaining the FAQ): Add reference to Savannah.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103446
diff changeset
1023
103425
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
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1024 Because Emacs undergoes many changes before a release, the version
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1025 number of a development version is not especially meaningful. It is
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1026 better to refer to the date on which the sources were retrieved from the
106262
99056f788a09 (Latest version of Emacs): Mention stability of development version.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 104626
diff changeset
1027 development repository. The development version is usually quite robust
99056f788a09 (Latest version of Emacs): Mention stability of development version.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 104626
diff changeset
1028 for every-day use, but if stability is more important to you than the
99056f788a09 (Latest version of Emacs): Mention stability of development version.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 104626
diff changeset
1029 latest features, you may want to stick to the releases.
103425
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1030
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1031 The following sections list some of the major new features in the last
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1032 few Emacs releases. For full details of the changes in any version of
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1033 Emacs, type @kbd{C-h C-n} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). As of Emacs 22,
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1034 you can give this command a prefix argument to read about which features
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1035 were new in older versions.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1036
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1037 @node New in Emacs 23
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1038 @section What is different about Emacs 23?
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1039 @cindex Differences between Emacs 22 and Emacs 23
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1040 @cindex Emacs 23, new features in
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parents:
diff changeset
1041 @cindex Recently introduced features
103425
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1042 @cindex Default features
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1043
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1044 @itemize
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1045
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1046 @cindex Anti-aliased fonts
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1047 @cindex Freetype fonts
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1048 @item
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1049 Emacs has a new font code that can use multiple font backends,
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1050 including freetype and fontconfig. Emacs can use the Xft library for
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1051 anti-aliasing, and the otf and m17n libraries for complex text layout and
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1052 text shaping.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1053
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1054 @cindex Unicode
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1055 @cindex Character sets
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1056 @item
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1057 The Emacs character set is now a superset of Unicode. Several new
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1058 language environments have been added.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1059
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1060 @cindex Multi-tty support
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1061 @cindex X and tty displays
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1062 @item
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1063 Emacs now supports using both X displays and ttys in the same session
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1064 (@samp{multi-tty}).
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1065
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1066 @cindex Daemon mode
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1067 @item
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1068 Emacs can be started as a daemon in the background.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1069
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1070 @cindex NeXTSTEP port
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1071 @cindex GNUstep port
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1072 @cindex Mac OS X Cocoa
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1073 @item
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1074 There is a new NeXTSTEP port of Emacs. This supports GNUstep and Mac OS
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1075 X (via the Cocoa libraries). The Carbon port of Emacs, which supported
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1076 Mac OS X in Emacs 22, has been removed.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1077
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1078 @cindex Directory-local variables
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1079 @item
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1080 Directory-local variables can now be defined, in a similar manner to
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1081 file-local variables.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1082
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1083 @item
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1084 Transient Mark mode (@pxref{Highlighting a region}) is on by default.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1085
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1086 @end itemize
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1087
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1088 @noindent
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1089 Other changes include: support for serial port access; D-Bus bindings; a
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1090 new Visual Line mode for line-motion; improved completion; a new mode
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1091 (@samp{DocView}) for viewing of PDF, PostScript, and DVI documents; nXML
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1092 mode (for editing XML documents) is included; VC has been updated for
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1093 newer version control systems; etc. As always, consult the @file{NEWS}
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1094 file for more information.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1095
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diff changeset
1096
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1097 @node New in Emacs 22
84296
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parents:
diff changeset
1098 @section What is different about Emacs 22?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 @cindex Differences between Emacs 21 and Emacs 22
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 @cindex Emacs 22, new features in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 @itemize
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 @cindex GTK+ Toolkit
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 @cindex Drag-and-drop
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 Emacs can be built with GTK+ widgets, and supports drag-and-drop
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 operation on X.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 @cindex Supported systems
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 Emacs 22 features support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 and x86-64
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112 machines, as well as support for the Mac OS X and Cygwin operating
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 systems.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 @item
97043
9592c50233ab Remove support for Mac Carbon.
Dan Nicolaescu <dann@ics.uci.edu>
parents: 95940
diff changeset
1116 The native MS-Windows, and Mac OS X builds include full support
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 for images, toolbar, and tooltips.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 Font Lock mode, Auto Compression mode, and File Name Shadow Mode are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 enabled by default.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 @item
106638
c77520ecba03 * calc.texi (General Mode Commands): Calc file should be in .emacs.d.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 106502
diff changeset
1124 The maximum size of buffers is increased: on 32-bit machines, it is
c77520ecba03 * calc.texi (General Mode Commands): Calc file should be in .emacs.d.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 106502
diff changeset
1125 256 MBytes for Emacs 23.1, and 512 MBytes for Emacs 23.2 and above.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126
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parents:
diff changeset
1127 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 Links can be followed with @kbd{mouse-1}, in addition to @kbd{mouse-2}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 @cindex Mouse wheel
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1132 Mouse wheel support is enabled by default.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1135 Window fringes are customizable.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 The mode line of the selected window is now highlighted.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 The minibuffer prompt is displayed in a distinct face.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 Abbrev definitions are read automatically at startup.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 Grep mode is separate from Compilation mode and has many new options and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 commands specific to grep.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 The original Emacs macro system has been replaced by the new Kmacro
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 package, which provides many new commands and features and a simple
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 interface that uses the function keys F3 and F4. Macros are stored in a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 macro ring, and can be debugged and edited interactively.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 The Grand Unified Debugger (GUD) can be used with a full graphical user
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 interface to GDB; this provides many features found in traditional
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 development environments, making it easy to manipulate breakpoints, add
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 watch points, display the call stack, etc. Breakpoints are visually
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 indicated in the source buffer.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 @cindex New modes
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 Many new modes and packages have been included in Emacs, such as Calc,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 TRAMP, URL, IDO, CUA, ERC, rcirc, Table, Image-Dired, SES, Ruler, Org,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 PGG, Flymake, Password, Printing, Reveal, wdired, t-mouse, longlines,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 savehist, Conf mode, Python mode, DNS mode, etc.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 @cindex Multilingual Environment
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 Leim is now part of Emacs. Unicode support has been much improved, and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 the following input methods have been added: belarusian, bulgarian-bds,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng, croatian, dutch, georgian,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix, latvian-keyboard,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ucs,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 ukrainian-computer, vietnamese-telex, and welsh.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 The following language environments have also been added: Belarusian,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-6,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8, Ukrainian, Welsh, and Windows-1255.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 @cindex Documentation
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 @cindex Emacs Lisp Manual
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 @item
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 In addition, Emacs 22 now includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) and the Emacs Lisp Intro.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 @end itemize
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191
103425
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1192
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1193 @node New in Emacs 21
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1194 @section What is different about Emacs 21?
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1195 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1196 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1197
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1198 @cindex Variable-size fonts
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1199 @cindex Toolbar support
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1200 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1201 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1202 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearance of
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1203 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1204 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1205 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1206 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1207
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1208 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1209 @cindex TTY colors
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1210 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1211 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1212 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1213
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1214
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1215 @node New in Emacs 20
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1216 @section What is different about Emacs 20?
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1217 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1218 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1219
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1220 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 were rather dramatic;
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1221 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1222 obvious to even the most casual user.
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1223
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1224 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1225 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1226 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1227 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1228 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion
60d7ccbdecb8 (Status of Emacs): Re-order with most recent releases first.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103419
diff changeset
1229 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1232 @node Common requests
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 @chapter Common requests
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 @cindex Common requests
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237 * Setting up a customization file::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 * Using Customize::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239 * Colors on a TTY::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 * Debugging a customization file::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 * Displaying the current line or column::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 * Turning on abbrevs by default::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 * Associating modes with files::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245 * Highlighting a region::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 * Replacing highlighted text::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1247 * Controlling case sensitivity::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248 * Working with unprintable characters::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 * Searching for/replacing newlines::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1250 * Yanking text in isearch::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251 * Wrapping words automatically::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 * Turning on auto-fill by default::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253 * Changing load-path::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 * Using an already running Emacs process::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 * Compiler error messages::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256 * Indenting switch statements::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 * Customizing C and C++ indentation::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 * Horizontal scrolling::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259 * Overwrite mode::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260 * Turning off beeping::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 * Turning the volume down::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 * Automatic indentation::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1263 * Matching parentheses::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264 * Hiding #ifdef lines::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1265 * Repeating commands::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 * Valid X resources::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268 * Changing the length of a Tab::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 * Inserting text at the beginning of each line::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 * Using regular expressions::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 * Replacing text across multiple files::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 * Documentation for etags::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 * Disabling backups::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 * Disabling auto-save-mode::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 * Going to a line by number::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 * Modifying pull-down menus::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 * Deleting menus and menu options::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 * Turning on syntax highlighting::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 * Scrolling only one line::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 * Editing MS-DOS files::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 * Filling paragraphs with a single space::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 * Escape sequences in shell output::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 * Fullscreen mode on MS-Windows::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1288 @node Setting up a customization file
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, locating
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 @cindex Init file, setting up
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 @cindex Customization file, setting up
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1297 In general, new Emacs users should not be provided with @file{.emacs}
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1298 files, because this can cause confusing non-standard behavior. Then
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1299 they send questions to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1300 isn't behaving as documented.
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1301
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1302 Emacs includes the Customize facility (@pxref{Using Customize}). This
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1303 allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1304 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1305 rather than Lisp code.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 Sometimes users are unsure as to where their @file{.emacs} file should
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 be found. Visiting the file as @file{~/.emacs} from Emacs will find
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 the correct file.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1317 @node Using Customize
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 @section How do I start using Customize?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 @cindex Customize groups
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 @cindex Customizing variables
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321 @cindex Customizing faces
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 The main Customize entry point is @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. This
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 command takes you to a buffer listing all the available Customize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 groups. From there, you can access all customizable options and faces,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 change their values, and save your changes to your init file.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 @inforef{Easy Customization, Easy Customization, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 If you know the name of the group in advance (e.g. ``shell''), use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 @kbd{M-x customize-group @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 If you wish to customize a single option, use @kbd{M-x customize-option
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 @key{RET}}. This command prompts you for the name of the option to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 customize, with completion.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1336 @node Colors on a TTY
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 @cindex Colors on a TTY
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 @cindex Console, colors
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when
97043
9592c50233ab Remove support for Mac Carbon.
Dan Nicolaescu <dann@ics.uci.edu>
parents: 95940
diff changeset
1344 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X, and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1345 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 capabilities.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 Syntax highlighting is on by default since version 22.1.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1356 @node Debugging a customization file
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 @cindex Init file debugging
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 eval-last-sexp}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 variables which you are trying to set or use.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1378 @node Displaying the current line or column
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @cindex @code{line-number-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 @cindex Displaying the current line or column
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382 @cindex Line number, displaying the current
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 @cindex Column, displaying the current
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 @cindex @code{mode-line-format}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1386 By default, Emacs displays the current line number of the point in the
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1387 mode line. You can toggle this feature off or on with the command
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1388 @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}, or by setting the variable
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1389 @code{line-number-mode}. Note that Emacs will not display the line
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 You can similarly display the current column with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 (setq column-number-mode t)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400 @noindent
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1401 in your @file{.emacs} file. This feature is off by default.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 this variable.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1410 The @samp{linum} package (distributed with Emacs since version 23.1)
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1411 displays line numbers in the left margin, like the ``set number''
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1412 capability of @code{vi}. The packages @samp{setnu} and
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1413 @samp{wb-line-number} (not distributed with Emacs) also implement this
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1414 feature.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1416 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 @cindex @code{frame-title-format}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 variables.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 @lisp
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 in your @file{.emacs}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 (setq frame-title-format "%b")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 @end lisp
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1446 @node Turning on abbrevs by default
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1450 Abbrev mode expands abbreviations as you type them. To turn it on in a
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1451 specific buffer, use @kbd{M-x abbrev-mode}. To turn it on in every
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1452 buffer by default, put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1453
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1454 @lisp
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1455 (setq-default abbrev-mode t)
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1456 @end lisp
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1457
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1458 @noindent To turn it on in a specific mode, use:
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1459
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1460 @lisp
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1461 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1462 (lambda ()
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1463 (setq abbrev-mode t)))
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1464 @end lisp
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1465
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1466 @noindent If your Emacs version is older then 22.1, you will also need to use:
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 (condition-case ()
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 (quietly-read-abbrev-file)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 (file-error nil))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1474 @node Associating modes with files
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 @cindex Associating modes with files
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 @cindex File extensions and modes
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 @lisp
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1485 (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode))
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1488 Alternatively, put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 with @samp{#!}):
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 -*- @var{foo} -*-
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1497 The variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist} specifies which mode to use
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1498 when loading an interpreted script (e.g. shell, python, etc.). Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1500 the script. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x describe-variable}) on
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1501 @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1503 @node Highlighting a region
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505 @cindex Highlighting text
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1506 @cindex Text, highlighting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 @cindex Region, highlighting a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1510 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 including
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513 @lisp
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1514 (transient-mark-mode 1)
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1515 @end lisp
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1517 @noindent
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1518 in your @file{.emacs} file. Since Emacs 23.1, this feature is on by default.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1519
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1520 @node Replacing highlighted text
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1521 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1522 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 @cindex Replacing highlighted text
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1524 @cindex Highlighting and replacing text
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530 (delete-selection-mode 1)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1531 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1532
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1533 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1534 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1535 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}):
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1536
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1537 @quotation
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1538 When Delete Selection mode is enabled, Transient Mark mode is also
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1539 enabled and typed text replaces the selection if the selection is
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1540 active. Otherwise, typed text is just inserted at point regardless of
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1541 any selection.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1542 @end quotation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1544 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1545 pressing @key{DEL}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1547 @node Controlling case sensitivity
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1548 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1549 @cindex @code{case-fold-search}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1550 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1551 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1552 @cindex Ignoring case in searches
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1554 @c FIXME
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1555 The value of the variable @code{case-fold-search} determines whether
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1556 searches are case sensitive:
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1557
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1558 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1559 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1561 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1562
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1563 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1564 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1565 @cindex @code{case-replace}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1566 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1567 whether replacements preserve case.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1568
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1569 You can also toggle case sensitivity at will in isearch with @kbd{M-c}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1570
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1571 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1572 mode's hook. For example:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1573
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1574 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1575 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1576 (lambda ()
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1577 (setq case-fold-search nil)))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1578 @end lisp
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parents:
diff changeset
1579
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1580 @node Working with unprintable characters
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1581 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1582 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1583 @cindex Working with unprintable characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1584 @cindex Control characters, working with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1585 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1586 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1587 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1588
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1589 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1590 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594 chars.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1596 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1597
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1600
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1601 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1602 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1610 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1612 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1613
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1614 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1617
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1618 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1619
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1620 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1621
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1622 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1623 characters with a colon, use:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1624
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1625 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1626
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1627 @node Searching for/replacing newlines
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1628 @section How do I input a newline character in isearch or query-replace?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1629 @cindex Searching for newlines
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1630 @cindex Replacing newlines
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1631
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1632 Use @kbd{C-q C-j}. For more information, see @inforef{Special Isearch,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1633 Special Input for Incremental Search, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1634
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1635
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1636 @node Yanking text in isearch
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1637 @section How do I copy text from the kill ring into the search string?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1638 @cindex Yanking text into the search string
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1639 @cindex isearch yanking
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1640
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1641 Use @kbd{M-y}. @inforef{Isearch Yank, Isearch Yanking, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1642
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1643 @node Wrapping words automatically
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1644 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1645 @cindex Wrapping word automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1646 @cindex Wrapping lines
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1647 @cindex Line wrap
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1648 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1649 @cindex Maximum line width, default value
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1650 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1651
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1652 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1653 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1654 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1655 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1656
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1657 @node Turning on auto-fill by default
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1658 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1659 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1660 @cindex Filling automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1661 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1662
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1663 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1664 auto-fill-mode}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1665
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1666 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1667 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1669
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1670 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1671 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1672 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1673
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1674 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1675
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1676 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1677 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1678 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1679
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1680 @node Changing load-path
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1681 @section How do I change @code{load-path}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1682 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1683 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1684 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1685
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1686 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1687 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1688
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1689 @lisp
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
1690 (add-to-list 'load-path "/dir/subdir/")
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1691 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1692
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1693 To do this relative to your home directory:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1694
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 @lisp
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
1696 (add-to-list 'load-path "~/mysubdir/")
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1697 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1698
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1699 @node Using an already running Emacs process
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1700 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1701 @cindex @code{emacsclient}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1702 @cindex Emacs server functions
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1703 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1704
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1705 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1706 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1707 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1708 expecting the request.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1709
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1711
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1712 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1713 Setup:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1714
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1715 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1716 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1717 option:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1718
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1719 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1720 emacs -f server-start
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1721 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1722
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1723 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1724
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1725 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1726 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1727 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1728
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1729 When this is done, Emacs creates a Unix domain socket named
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1730 @file{server} in @file{/tmp/emacs@var{userid}}. See
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1731 @code{server-socket-dir}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1732
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1733 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1734 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1735 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1736 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1737 instead. Examples:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1738
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1739 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1740 # csh commands:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1741 setenv EDITOR emacsclient
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1742
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1743 # using full pathname
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1744 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1745
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1746 # sh command:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1747 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1748 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1749
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1750 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1751 Normal use:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1752
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1753 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the socket and passes its
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1754 command line options to Emacs, which at the next opportunity will visit
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1755 the files specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1756 Emacs.) The user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
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parents:
diff changeset
1757 the user is done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1758 @kbd{M-x server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer
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parents:
diff changeset
1759 requested by @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise
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parents:
diff changeset
1760 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue.
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parents:
diff changeset
1761
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parents:
diff changeset
1762 @cindex @code{gnuserv}
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1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
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parents: 103406
diff changeset
1763 There is an alternative version of @samp{emacsclient} called
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parents:
diff changeset
1764 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman}
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parents:
diff changeset
1765 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
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parents:
diff changeset
1766 Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most network connections.
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parents:
diff changeset
1767
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parents:
diff changeset
1768 The most recent @samp{gnuserv} package is available at
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parents:
diff changeset
1769
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parents:
diff changeset
1770 @uref{http://meltin.net/hacks/emacs/}
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parents:
diff changeset
1771
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diff changeset
1772 @end itemize
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parents:
diff changeset
1773
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7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
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diff changeset
1774 @node Compiler error messages
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diff changeset
1775 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages?
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parents:
diff changeset
1776 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1777 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1778 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1779 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler
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parents:
diff changeset
1780
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parents:
diff changeset
1781 Customize the @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} variable.
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parents:
diff changeset
1782
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7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
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diff changeset
1783 @node Indenting switch statements
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diff changeset
1784 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}?
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parents:
diff changeset
1785 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1786 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1787
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parents:
diff changeset
1788 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this:
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parents:
diff changeset
1789
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diff changeset
1790 @example
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diff changeset
1791 f()
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diff changeset
1792 @{
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parents:
diff changeset
1793 switch(x) @{
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parents:
diff changeset
1794 case A:
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parents:
diff changeset
1795 x1;
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diff changeset
1796 break;
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diff changeset
1797 case B:
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diff changeset
1798 x2;
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parents:
diff changeset
1799 break;
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diff changeset
1800 default:
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diff changeset
1801 x3;
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diff changeset
1802 @}
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diff changeset
1803 @}
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diff changeset
1804 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1805
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1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
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parents: 103406
diff changeset
1806 @noindent To achieve this, add the following line to your @file{.emacs}:
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parents:
diff changeset
1807
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diff changeset
1808 @lisp
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parents:
diff changeset
1809 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+)
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diff changeset
1810 @end lisp
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parents:
diff changeset
1811
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7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
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diff changeset
1812 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation
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parents:
diff changeset
1813 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers?
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parents:
diff changeset
1814 @cindex Indentation, how to customize
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1815 @cindex Customize indentation
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1816
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parents:
diff changeset
1817 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1818 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1819 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1820 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1821 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1822
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parents:
diff changeset
1823 @enumerate
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parents:
diff changeset
1824 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1825 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1826 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1827 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1828
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parents:
diff changeset
1829 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1830 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the
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parents:
diff changeset
1831 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose
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parents:
diff changeset
1832 one of these:
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parents:
diff changeset
1833
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diff changeset
1834 @table @code
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parents:
diff changeset
1835 @item 0
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parents:
diff changeset
1836 No extra indentation.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1837 @item +
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1838 Indent one basic offset.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1839 @item -
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1840 Outdent one basic offset.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1841 @item ++
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1842 Indent two basic offsets
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1843 @item --
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parents:
diff changeset
1844 Outdent two basic offsets.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1845 @item *
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parents:
diff changeset
1846 Indent half basic offset.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1847 @item /
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parents:
diff changeset
1848 Outdent half basic offset.
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parents:
diff changeset
1849 @end table
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parents:
diff changeset
1850
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1851 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1852 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1853 the line or the block according to what you just specified.
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parents:
diff changeset
1854
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parents:
diff changeset
1855 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1856 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1857 following line to your @file{.emacs}:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1858
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1859 @lisp
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1860 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset})
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1861 @end lisp
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1862
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parents:
diff changeset
1863 @noindent
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1864 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1865 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1866 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+},
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1867 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1868 procedure.
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parents:
diff changeset
1869
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parents:
diff changeset
1870 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
1871 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat
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parents:
diff changeset
1872 the process there.
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parents:
diff changeset
1873 @end enumerate
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parents:
diff changeset
1874
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parents:
diff changeset
1875 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1876 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1877
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parents:
diff changeset
1878 @lisp
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parents:
diff changeset
1879 (defun my-c-mode-hook ()
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1880 (c-set-offset ...)
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parents:
diff changeset
1881 (c-set-offset ...))
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1882 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1883 @end lisp
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parents:
diff changeset
1884
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parents:
diff changeset
1885 @noindent
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parents:
diff changeset
1886 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1887 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1888 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded.
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parents:
diff changeset
1889
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parents:
diff changeset
1890 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use
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parents:
diff changeset
1891 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1892 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1893 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use
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parents:
diff changeset
1894 @code{c-mode-common-hook}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1895
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7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
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diff changeset
1896 @node Horizontal scrolling
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parents:
diff changeset
1897 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally?
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parents:
diff changeset
1898 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode}
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parents:
diff changeset
1899 @cindex Horizontal scrolling
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parents:
diff changeset
1900 @cindex Scrolling horizontally
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parents:
diff changeset
1901
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parents:
diff changeset
1902 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable
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parents:
diff changeset
1903 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1905 left or right edge of the window.
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parents:
diff changeset
1906
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parents:
diff changeset
1907 Note that this is overridden by the variable
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1908 @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} if that variable is non-nil
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parents:
diff changeset
1909 and the current buffer is not full-frame width.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
1911 In Emacs 20, use @code{hscroll-mode}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1912
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7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
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parents: 103384
diff changeset
1913 @node Overwrite mode
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diff changeset
1914 @section How do I make Emacs ``typeover'' or ``overwrite'' instead of inserting?
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parents:
diff changeset
1915 @cindex @key{Insert}
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parents:
diff changeset
1916 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1917 @cindex Overwriting existing text
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parents:
diff changeset
1918 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode}
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parents:
diff changeset
1919
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diff changeset
1920 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1921 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode}
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1922 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1923
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parents:
diff changeset
1924 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off.
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1925
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1926 @node Turning off beeping
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1927 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1928 @cindex Beeping, turning off
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1929 @cindex Visible bell
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1930 @cindex Bell, visible
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1931
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1932 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes:
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1933
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1934 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1935 and set the visible bell to nothing.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1936
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1937 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1938 (assuming you have one):
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1939
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1940 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1941 ... :vb=: ...
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1942 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1943
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1944 And evaluate the following Lisp form:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1945
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1946 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1947 (setq visible-bell t)
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1948 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1949
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1950 @node Turning the volume down
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1951 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1952 @cindex Bell, volume of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1953 @cindex Volume of bell
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1954
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1955 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1956 programs with the shell command @code{xset}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1957
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1958 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1959 information, including the following:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1960
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1961 @example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1962 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ...
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1963 To turn bell off:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1964 -b b off b 0
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1965 To set bell volume, pitch and duration:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1966 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1967 @end example
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1968
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
1969 @node Automatic indentation
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1970 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1971 @cindex Indenting new lines
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1972 @cindex New lines, indenting of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1973 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1974 @cindex Text indentation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1975
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
1976 Such behavior is automatic (in Text mode) in Emacs 20 and later. From the
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1977 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1978
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1979 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1980 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1981 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1982 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1983 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1984 difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1985
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1986 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1987 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1988 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1989
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1990 @cindex Prefixing lines
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1991 @cindex Fill prefix
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1992 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1993 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1994 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1995 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1996 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1997 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1998 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1999 prefix when refilling the paragraph.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2000
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2001 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2002 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2003 new paragraph. There are many packages available to deal with this
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2004 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Look for ``fill'' and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2005 ``indent'' keywords for guidance.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2006
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2007 @node Matching parentheses
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2008 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2009 @cindex Parentheses, matching
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2010 @cindex @file{paren.el}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2011 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2012 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2013 @cindex Matching parentheses
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2014
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2015 Call @code{show-paren-mode} in your @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2016
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2017 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2018 (show-paren-mode 1)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2019 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2020
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2021 You can also enable this mode by selecting the @samp{Paren Match
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2022 Highlighting} option from the @samp{Options} menu of the Emacs menu bar
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2023 at the top of any Emacs frame.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2024
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2025 Alternatives to this mode include:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2026
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2027 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2028
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2029 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2030 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2031 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2032 the matching parenthesis.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2033
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2034 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2035 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp})
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2036 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2037 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2038 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2039
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2040 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2041 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2042 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2043 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2044 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2045
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2046 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2047 ;; By an unknown contributor
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2048
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2049 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2050
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2051 (defun match-paren (arg)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2052 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %."
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2053 (interactive "p")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2054 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2055 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2056 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1)))))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2057 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2058
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2059 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2060
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2061 @node Hiding #ifdef lines
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2062 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2063 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2064 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2065 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2066 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2067
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2068 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2069 to investigate @file{cpp.el}, which is distributed with Emacs.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2070
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2071 @node Repeating commands
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2072 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2073 @cindex Repeating commands many times
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2074 @cindex Commands, repeating many times
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2075 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2076
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2077 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z})
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2078 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2079 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2080
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2081 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2082 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2083 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2084 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2085 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2086 commands you've typed.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2087
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2088 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. Use @kbd{C-x (} and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2089 @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes the command and then
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2090 type @kbd{C-x e}. (@inforef{Keyboard Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2091
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2092 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command in @code{vi} that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2093 redoes the last insertion/deletion, use VIPER, a @code{vi} emulation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2094 mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to support it.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2095
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2096 @node Valid X resources
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2097 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2098 @cindex Resources, X
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2099 @cindex X resources
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2100 @cindex Setting X resources
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2101
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2102 @inforef{X Resources, X Resources, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2103
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2104 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2105 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2106 was compiled with the X toolkit.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2107
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2108 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2109 @section How do I execute (``evaluate'') a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2110 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2111 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2112
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2113 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2114 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2115
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2116 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2117
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2118 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2119 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2120 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2121 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2122
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2123 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2124 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2125 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2126 will be inserted in the buffer.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2127
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2128 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2129 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2130 before or around point.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2131
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2132 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2133 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2134 before point and prints its value in the echo area.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2135
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2136 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2137 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2138 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2139
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2140 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2141 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2142 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2143 instead.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2144
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2145 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2146 @code{eval-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2147 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2148 about them.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2149
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2150 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2151
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2152 @node Changing the length of a Tab
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2153 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2154 @cindex Tab length
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2155 @cindex Length of tab character
104626
caa79498564a * subr.el (default-mode-line-format, default-header-line-format)
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 103502
diff changeset
2156
caa79498564a * subr.el (default-mode-line-format, default-header-line-format)
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 103502
diff changeset
2157 Set the default value of the variable @code{tab-width}. For example, to set
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2158 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2159 @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2160
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2161 @lisp
104626
caa79498564a * subr.el (default-mode-line-format, default-header-line-format)
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 103502
diff changeset
2162 (setq-default tab-width 10)
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2163 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2164
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2165 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2166 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2167 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2168 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2169
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2170 @node Inserting text at the beginning of each line
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2171 @section How do I insert <some text> at the beginning of every line?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2172 @cindex Prefixing a region with some text
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2173 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2174 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2175 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2176 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2177 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2178
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2179 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2180 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} your text @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2181
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2182 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2183 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2184 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2185 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2186 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2187
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2188 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2189 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. In Message
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2190 buffers, you can even use @kbd{M-;} to cite yanked messages (@kbd{M-;}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2191 runs the function @code{comment-region}, it is a general-purpose
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2192 mechanism to comment regions) (@pxref{Changing the included text prefix}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2193
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2194 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2195 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2196 @cindex @code{picture-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2197 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2198 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2199
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2200 Use @kbd{M-x picture-mode}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2201
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2202 See also the variable @code{track-eol} and the command
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2203 @code{set-goal-column} bound to @kbd{C-x C-n}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2204 (@pxref{Moving Point, , , emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2205
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2206 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2207 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2208 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2209 @cindex X Window System and iconification
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2210 @cindex Suspending Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2211
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2212 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2213 otherwise. @inforef{Frame Commands, Frame Commands, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2214
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2215 @node Using regular expressions
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2216 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2217 @cindex Regexps
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2218 @cindex Regular expressions
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2219 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2220 @cindex Unix regexps, differences from Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2221 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2222
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2223 @inforef{Regexp Backslash, Regexp Backslash, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2224
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2225 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2226 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2227 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2228 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2229
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2230 Note the doubled backslashes!
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2231
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2232 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2233
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2234 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2235 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2236 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2237 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2238 characters not to match.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2239
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2240 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2241 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2242 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2243 is actually typical for regexp syntax.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2244
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2245 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2246
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2247 @node Replacing text across multiple files
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2248 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2249 @cindex Replacing strings across files
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2250 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2251 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2252 @cindex Recursive search/replace operations
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2253
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
2254 Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x d}) supports the
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
2255 command @code{dired-do-query-replace-regexp} (@kbd{Q}), which allows
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
2256 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2257
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2258 You can use this command to perform search/replace operations on
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2259 multiple files by following the following steps:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2260
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2261 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2262 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2263 Assemble a list of files you want to operate on with either
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2264 @code{find-dired}, @code{find-name-dired} or @code{find-grep-dired}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2265
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2266 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2267 Mark all files in the resulting Dired buffer using @kbd{t}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2268
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2269 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2270 Use @kbd{Q} to start a @code{query-replace-regexp} session on the marked
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2271 files.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2272
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2273 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2274 To accept all replacements in each file, hit @kbd{!}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2275 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2276
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2277 Another way to do the same thing is to use the ``tags'' feature of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2278 Emacs: it includes the command @code{tags-query-replace} which performs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2279 a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2280 @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2281
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2282 @node Documentation for etags
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2283 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2284 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2285 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2286
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2287 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2288 @code{emacs} man page.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2289
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2290 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2291 @samp{etags -H}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2292
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2293 @node Disabling backups
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2294 @section How do I disable backup files?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2295 @cindex Backups, disabling
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2296 @cindex Disabling backups
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2297
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2298 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2299 when something goes wrong.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2300
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2301 To avoid seeing backup files (and other ``uninteresting'' files) in Dired,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2302 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2303
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2304 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2305 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2306 (lambda ()
103418
1df3381b5a57 (Setting up a customization file): Grammar fix.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103406
diff changeset
2307 (require 'dired-x)))
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2308 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2309
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2310 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2311 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2312 following in your @file{.emacs}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2313
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2314 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2315 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2316 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2317
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2318 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2319 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2320 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2321 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2322
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2323 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, ,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2324 emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2325
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2326 @cindex Backup files in a single directory
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2327 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2328 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2329 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2330 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2331 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2332 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2333
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2334 @node Disabling auto-save-mode
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2335 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2336 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2337 @cindex Auto-saving
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2338 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2339
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2340 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2341 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2342 document.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2343
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2344 Instead, you might want to change the variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2345 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2346 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2347 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2348
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2349 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2350 package (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). This
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2351 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2352 such as @file{/tmp}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2353
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2354 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2355 Save, , emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2356
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2357 @node Going to a line by number
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2358 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2359 @cindex Going to a line by number
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2360 @cindex Compilation error messages
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2361 @cindex Recompilation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2362
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2363 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2364 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2365 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2366 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2367 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2368 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2369 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2370 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2371 one (starting with Emacs 22, you can also use @kbd{M-g M-p} and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2372 @kbd{M-g M-n} to go to the previous and next matches directly). Click
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2373 @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2374 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2375 in that message.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2376
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2377 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-g M-g}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2378 (which is the default binding of the @code{goto-line} function starting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2379 with Emacs 22). Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line and go
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2380 to that line.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2381
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2382 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2383 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-g M-g}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2384 will jump to line number 286 in the current buffer.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2385
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2386 @node Modifying pull-down menus
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2387 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2388 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2389 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2390 @cindex Creating new menu options
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2391 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2392 @cindex Menus and keymaps
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2393 @cindex Keymaps and menus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2394
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2395 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers})
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2396 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2397 mouse displays that keymap's non-@code{nil} contents in the form of a menu.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2398
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2399 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2400 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2401 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2402
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2403 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2404 (define-key global-map
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2405 [menu-bar edit forward]
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2406 '("Forward word" . forward-word))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2407 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2408
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2409 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2410 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2411 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2412 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2413 mode.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2414
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2415 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2416 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2417 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2418
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2419 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2420 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2421 called when that menu option is invoked.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2422
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2423 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2424 define an entirely new keymap:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2425
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2426 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2427 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words]
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2428 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words")))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2429 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2430
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2431 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2432 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2433 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2434 following code:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2435
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2436 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2437 (define-key global-map
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2438 [menu-bar words forward]
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2439 '("Forward word" . forward-word))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2440 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2441
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2442 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2443 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2444 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2445 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2446 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2447 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2448
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2449 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2450 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2451 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2452 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2453
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2454 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2455 (define-key-after
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2456 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit])
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2457 [forward]
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2458 '("Forward word" . forward-word)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2459 'undo)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2460 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2461
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2462 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2463 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2464 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2465 defined.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2466
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2467 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2468 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2469
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2470 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2471 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2472 ``Menu Keymaps.'' (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2473 this manual.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2474
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2475 @node Deleting menus and menu options
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2476 @section How do I delete menus and menu options?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2477 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2478 @cindex Menus, deleting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2479
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2480 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2481 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2482 menus}), use:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2483
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2484 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2485 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2486 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2487
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2488 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2489 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2490 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2491 menus}), use:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2492
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2493 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2494 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2495 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2496
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2497 @node Turning on syntax highlighting
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2498 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2499 @cindex Syntax highlighting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2500 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2501 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2502 @cindex Colorizing text
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2503 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2504
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2505 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2506 highlighting in the current buffer. It is enabled by default in Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2507 22.1 and later.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2508
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2509 With @code{font-lock-mode} turned on, different types of text will
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2510 appear in different colors. For instance, in a programming mode,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2511 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2512 a third.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2513
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2514 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} off within an existing buffer, use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2515 @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2516
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2517 In Emacs 21 and earlier versions, you could use the following code in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2518 your @file{.emacs} file to turn on @code{font-lock-mode} globally:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2519
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2520 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2521 (global-font-lock-mode 1)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2522 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2523
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2524 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2525 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2526 work around this.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2527
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2528 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2529 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2530 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2531 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2532 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2533 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2534 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2535 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2536
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2537 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2538 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2539 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2540 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2541 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2542 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2543 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2544 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2545 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2546 possible look, then, include the line
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2547
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2548 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2549 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2550 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2551
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2552 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2553 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2554 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2555 information, see the documentation for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2556 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2557 describe-variable @key{RET}}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2558
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2559 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2560 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2561 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2562
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2563 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2564 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2565 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2566 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript;
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2567 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2568 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2569
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2570 @node Scrolling only one line
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2571 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2572 @cindex Scrolling only one line
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2573 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrolling
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2574
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2575 Customize the @code{scroll-conservatively} variable with @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2576 customize-variable @key{RET} scroll-conservatively @key{RET}} and set it
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2577 to a large value like, say, 10000. For an explanation of what this
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2578 means, @inforef{Auto Scrolling, Auto Scrolling, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2579
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2580 Alternatively, use the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2581
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2582 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2583 (setq scroll-conservatively most-positive-fixnum)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2584 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2585
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2586 @node Editing MS-DOS files
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2587 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2588 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2589 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2590 @cindex Microsoft files, editing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2591 @cindex Windows files, editing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2592
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2593 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2594 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2595 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2596
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2597 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2598 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2599 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line;
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2600 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2601 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2602
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2603 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2604 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2605 @cindex One space following periods
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2606 @cindex Single space following periods
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2607 @cindex Periods, one space following
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2608
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2609 Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2610
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2611 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2612 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2613 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2614
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2615 @node Escape sequences in shell output
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2616 @section Why these strange escape sequences from @code{ls} from the Shell mode?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2617 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2618 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2619
107326
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2620 In many systems, @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color}, which
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2621 prints using ANSI color escape sequences. Emacs version 21.1 and
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2622 later includes the @code{ansi-color} package, which lets Shell mode
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2623 recognize these escape sequences. In Emacs 23.2 and later, the
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2624 package is enabled by default; in earlier versions you can enable it
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2625 by typing @kbd{M-x ansi-color-for-comint-mode} in the Shell buffer, or
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2626 by adding @code{(add-hook 'shell-mode-hook
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2627 'ansi-color-for-comint-mode-on)} to your init file.
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2628
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2629 In Emacs versions before 21.1, the @code{ansi-color} package is not
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2630 included. In that case, you need to unalias @code{ls} for interactive
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2631 shells running in Emacs; this can be done by checking the @code{EMACS}
fd12fbc689fd * faq.texi: Note that ansi-color is now enabled by default.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents: 107243
diff changeset
2632 variable in the environment.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2633
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2634 @node Fullscreen mode on MS-Windows
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2635 @section How can I start Emacs in fullscreen mode on MS-Windows?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2636 @cindex Maximize frame
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2637 @cindex Fullscreen mode
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2638
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2639 Use the function @code{w32-send-sys-command}. For example, you can
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2640 put the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2641
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2642 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2643 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2644 #'(lambda () (w32-send-sys-command ?\xF030)))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2645 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2646
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2647 To avoid the slightly distracting visual effect of Emacs starting with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2648 its default frame size and then growing to fullscreen, you can add an
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2649 @samp{Emacs.Geometry} entry to the Windows registry settings (see
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2650 @pxref{(emacs)X Resources}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2651
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2652 To compute the correct values for width and height, first maximize the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2653 Emacs frame and then evaluate @code{(frame-height)} and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2654 @code{(frame-width)} with @kbd{M-:}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2655
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2656 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2657 @node Bugs and problems
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2658 @chapter Bugs and problems
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2659 @cindex Bugs and problems
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2660
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2661 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2662 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2663 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2664 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2665 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2666 instructions how to do that.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2667
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2668 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2669 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms;
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2670 type @kbd{C-h C-p} to read it.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2671
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2672 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2673 * Problems with very large files::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2674 * ^M in the shell buffer::
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2675 * Problems with Shell Mode::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2676 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2677 * Errors with init files::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2678 * Emacs ignores X resources::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2679 * Emacs ignores frame parameters::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2680 * Editing files with $ in the name::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2681 * Shell mode loses the current directory::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2682 * Security risks with Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2683 * Dired claims that no file is on this line::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2684 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2685
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2686 @node Problems with very large files
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2687 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2688 @cindex Very large files, opening
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2689 @cindex Large files, opening
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2690 @cindex Opening very large files
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2691 @cindex Maximum file size
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2692 @cindex Files, maximum size
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2693
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2694 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2695 files larger than 8 megabytes. In versions 19.29 and later, the maximum
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2696 buffer size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes.
106262
99056f788a09 (Latest version of Emacs): Mention stability of development version.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 104626
diff changeset
2697 The maximum buffer size on 32-bit machines increased to 256 MBytes in
99056f788a09 (Latest version of Emacs): Mention stability of development version.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 104626
diff changeset
2698 Emacs 22, and again to 512 MBytes in Emacs 23.2.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2699
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2700 Emacs compiled on a 64-bit machine can handle much larger buffers.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2701
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2702 @node ^M in the shell buffer
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2703 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2704 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2705 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2706
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2707 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2708 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2709
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2710 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2711 file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2712
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2713 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2714 if ($?EMACS) then
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2715 if ("$EMACS" =~ /*) then
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2716 if ($?tcsh) unset edit
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2717 stty nl
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2718 endif
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2719 endif
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2720 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2721
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2722 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} or @file{~/.emacs.d/init_tcsh.sh} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2723
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2724 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2725 unset edit
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2726 stty nl
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2727 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2728
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2729 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2730 @code{tcsh}. One way is:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2731
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2732 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2733 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2734 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2735
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2736 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2737 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2738 file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2739
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2740 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2741 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2742 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2743
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2744 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2745 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2746 set for this to take effect.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2747
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2748 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2749 with the following Lisp form,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2750
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2751 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2752 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2753 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2754
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2755 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2756 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2757 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2758 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2759 file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2760
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2761 @smalllisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2762 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2763 @end smalllisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2764
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2765 On a related note: if your shell is echoing your input line in the shell
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2766 buffer, you might want to customize the @code{comint-process-echoes}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2767 variable in your shell buffers, or try the following command in your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2768 shell start-up file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2769
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2770 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2771 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2772 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2773
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2774 @node Problems with Shell Mode
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2775 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2776
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2777 @cindex Shell Mode, problems
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2778 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name}
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2779 This might happen because Emacs tries to look for the shell in a wrong
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2780 place. If you know where your shell executable is, set the variable
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2781 @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in your @file{.emacs} file to point to
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2782 its full file name.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2783
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2784 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2785 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode on MS-Windows because of
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2786 intrusive antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
2787 solves the problems in those cases.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2788
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2789 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2790 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type @samp{emacs}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2791 @cindex Termcap
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2792 @cindex Terminfo
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2793 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2794
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2795 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2796 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2797 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2798 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2799 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2800
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2801 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2802 emacs:tc=unknown:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2803 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2804
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2805 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2806 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2807 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2808 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2809
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2810 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2811 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2812 instead.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2813
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2814 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2815 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2816 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2817 @file{.cshrc} files:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2818
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2819 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2820 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2821 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2822
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2823 @node Errors with init files
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2824 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Error in init file}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2825 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2826 @cindex Error in init file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2827 @cindex Init file, errors in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2828 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2829 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2830
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2831 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
2832 system-wide file @file{site-lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2833 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2834 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2835
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2836 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2837 @ref{Debugging a customization file}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2838
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2839 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2840 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2841 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2842 begun}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2843
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2844 @node Emacs ignores X resources
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2845 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2846 @cindex X resources being ignored
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2847 @cindex Ignored X resources
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2848 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2849
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2850 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2851 by the following environment variables:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2852
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2853 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2854
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2855 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2856 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2857 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2858
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2859 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2860
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2861 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2862 Xt toolkit.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2863
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2864 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2865 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2866 of directory names separated by colons.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2867
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2868 Emacs searches for X resources:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2869
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2870 @enumerate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2871
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2872 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2873 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2874
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2875 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2876 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2877
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2878 @itemize @minus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2879
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2880 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2881 or if that is unset, in the file named
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2882 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2883 the name of the machine Emacs is running on),
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2884
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2885 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2886
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2887 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2888 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2889 by the server,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2890
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2891 @itemize @minus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2892
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2893 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2894 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2895 if it exists,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2896
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2897 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2898
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2899 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2900 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2901
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2902 @itemize @minus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2903
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2904 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2905 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2906 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2907 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2908 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2909 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2910 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2911 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2912 is set),
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2913 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2914 or in @file{~/Emacs},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2915
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2916 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2917
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2918 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2919 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2920
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2921 @end enumerate
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2922
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2923 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2924 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2925 @cindex Frame parameters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2926
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2927 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2928 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2929 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2930 the parameters of all frames, change the variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2931 @code{default-frame-alist} instead.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2932
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2933 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2934 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2935 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2936 other frames by individually positioning each one of them.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2937
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2938
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2939 @node Editing files with $ in the name
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2940 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2941 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2942 @cindex @samp{$} in file names
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2943 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2944
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2945 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2946 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2947 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2948
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2949 @node Shell mode loses the current directory
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2950 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2951 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2952 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2953 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2954
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2955 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2956 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2957 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2958 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2959 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2960 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2961 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2962 to handle this problem (@pxref{Finding a package with particular
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2963 functionality}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2964
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2965 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2966 @kbd{M-x dirs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2967
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
2968 @node Security risks with Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2969 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2970 @cindex Security with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2971 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2972 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2973 @cindex Synthetic X events and security
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2974 @cindex X events and security
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2975
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2976 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2977
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2978 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2979 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2980
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2981 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2982 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2983 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2984 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2985 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2986 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2987 get root privileges.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2988
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2989 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2990 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2991 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2992 should eliminate this particular risk.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2993
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2994 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2995 advantage of this configuration problem.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2996
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2997 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2998 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2999 change.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3000
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3001 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3002 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3003 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3004 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3005 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3006 feature.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3007
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3008 As of Emacs 22, Emacs has a list of local variables that are known to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3009 be safe to set. If a file tries to set any variable outside this
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3010 list, it asks the user to confirm whether the variables should be set.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3011 You can also tell Emacs whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3012 code found at the bottom of files by setting the variable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3013 @code{enable-local-eval}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3014
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3015 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3016
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3017 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3018 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3019 better.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3020
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3021 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3022 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3023 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3024 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3025 anything, including run other processes with your privileges.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3026
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3027 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3028 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3029 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3030 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3031 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3032 authentication method; ask your system administrator.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3033
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3034 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3035 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3036 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3037 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3038 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3039
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3040 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3041 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3042 your X server, use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3043
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3044 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3045 xhost +
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3046 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3047
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3048 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3049 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3050 following message:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3051
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3052 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3053 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3054 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3055
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3056 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3057 allowed by name), use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3058
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3059 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3060 xhost -
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3061 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3062
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3063 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3064
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3065 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3066 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3067 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3068
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3069 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3070
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3071 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3072 @section Dired says, @samp{no file on this line} when I try to do something.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3073 @cindex Dired does not see a file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3074
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3075 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3076 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3077 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3078 date. By default, it should understand dates and times regardless of
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3079 the language, but if your directory listing has an unusual format, Dired
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3080 may get confused.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3081
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3082 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3083 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs a more standard format.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3084 See your OS manual for more information.
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3085
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3086 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3087 dired, @code{directory-listing-before-filename-regexp}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3088
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3089 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3090 @node Compiling and installing Emacs
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3091 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3092 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3093
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3094 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3095 * Installing Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3096 * Problems building Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3097 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3098
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3099 @node Installing Emacs
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3100 @section How do I install Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3101 @cindex Installing Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3102 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3103 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3104 @cindex Building Emacs from source
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3105 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3106
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3107 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3108 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3109 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3110 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3111
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3112 Most GNU/Linux distributions provide pre-built Emacs packages.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3113 If Emacs is not installed already, you can install it by running (as
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3114 root) a command such as @samp{yum install emacs} (Red Hat and
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3115 derivatives) or @samp{apt-get install emacs} (Debian and derivatives).
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3116
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3117 If you want to compile Emacs yourself, read the file @file{INSTALL} in
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3118 the source distribution. In brief:
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3119
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3120 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3121
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3122 @item
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3123 First download the Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3124 a list of ftp sites that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org},
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3125 the main GNU distribution site, sources are available as
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3126
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3127 @c Don't include VER in the file name, because pretests are not there.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3128 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-VERSION.tar.gz}
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3129
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3130 (Replace @samp{VERSION} with the relevant version number, e.g. @samp{23.1}.)
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3131
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3132 @item
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3133 Next uncompress and extract the source files. This requires
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3134 the @code{gzip} and @code{tar} programs, which are standard utilities.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3135 If your system does not have them, these can also be downloaded from
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3136 @file{ftp.gnu.org}.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3137
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3138 GNU @code{tar} can uncompress and extract in a single-step:
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3139
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3140 @example
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3141 tar -zxvf emacs-VERSION.tar.gz
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3142 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3143
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3144 @item
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3145 At this point, the Emacs sources should be sitting in a directory called
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3146 @file{emacs-VERSION}. On most common Unix and Unix-like systems,
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3147 you should be able to compile Emacs with the following commands:
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3148
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3149 @example
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3150 cd emacs-VERSION
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3151 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3152 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3153 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3154
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3155 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3156 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3157 successful.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3158
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3159 @item
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3160 By default, Emacs is installed in @file{/usr/local}. To actually
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3161 install files, become the superuser and type
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3162
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3163 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3164 make install
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3165 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3166
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3167 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs}
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3168 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/share/info/}.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3169
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3170 @end itemize
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3171
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3172 @node Problems building Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3173 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3174 @cindex Problems building Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3175 @cindex Errors when building Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3176
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3177 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3178 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3179 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3180 installation and compilation problems.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3181
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3182 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3183 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3184
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3185 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, please report the
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3186 problem (@pxref{Reporting bugs}).
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3187
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3188
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3189 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3190 @node Finding Emacs and related packages
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3191 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3192 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3193
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3194 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3195 * Finding Emacs on the Internet::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3196 * Finding a package with particular functionality::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3197 * Packages that do not come with Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3198 * Current GNU distributions::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3199 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs::
102261
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3200 * Emacs for minimalists::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3201 * Emacs for MS-DOS::
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3202 * Emacs for MS-Windows::
103384
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3203 * Emacs for GNUstep::
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3204 * Emacs for Mac OS X::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3205 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3206
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3207 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
3208 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net?
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3209 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet
103446
08eb93040c4c (Top): Language tweak.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103444
diff changeset
3210 @cindex Downloading Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3211
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3212 Information on downloading Emacs is available at
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3213 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/, the Emacs home-page}.
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3214
84296
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Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3215 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3216 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3217 archive sites that make GNU software available.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3218
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3219 @node Finding a package with particular functionality
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3220 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3221 @cindex Package, finding
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3222 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3223 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3224
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3225 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3226 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3227 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3228 string @samp{wordstar}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3229
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3230 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3231 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3232 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3233 source to most packages contains a short description of how they
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3234 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3235 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3236 source code.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3237
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3238 The command @kbd{C-h p} (@code{finder-by-keyword}) allows you to browse
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3239 the constituent Emacs packages.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3240
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3241 For advice on how to find extra packages that are not part of Emacs,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3242 see @ref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3243
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3244 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3245 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3246 @cindex Unbundled packages
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3247 @cindex Finding other packages
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3248 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3249 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3250 @cindex Emacs Lisp List
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3251 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3252
103384
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3253 @uref{http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/sje30/emacs/ell.html, The Emacs Lisp
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3254 List (ELL)}, maintained by @email{S.J.Eglen@@damtp.cam.ac.uk, Stephen Eglen},
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3255 aims to provide one compact list with links to all of the current Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3256 Lisp files on the Internet. The ELL can be browsed over the web, or
103384
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3257 from Emacs with @uref{http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/sje30/emacs/ell.el,
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3258 the @file{ell} package}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3259
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3260 Many authors post their packages to the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.sources,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3261 Emacs sources newsgroup}. You can search the archives of this
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3262 group with @uref{http://groups.google.com/group/gnu.emacs.sources, Google},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3263 or @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.sources, Gmane}, for example.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3264
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3265 Several packages are stored in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3266 @uref{http://emacswiki.org/elisp/, the Lisp area of the Emacs Wiki}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3267
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3268 Read the file @file{etc/MORE.STUFF} for more information about
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3269 external packages.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3270
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3271 @node Current GNU distributions
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3272 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3273 @cindex Current GNU distributions
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3274 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3275 @cindex Stuff, current GNU
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3276 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3277 @cindex Finding current GNU software
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3278 @cindex Official GNU software sites
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3279
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3280 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3281
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3282 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3283
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3284 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3285
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3286 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3287
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3288 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3289 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly Lucid Emacs)?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3290 @cindex XEmacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3291 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3292 @cindex Lucid Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3293 @cindex Epoch
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3294
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3295 XEmacs is a branch version of Emacs. It was first called Lucid Emacs,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3296 and was initially derived from a prerelease version of Emacs 19. In
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3297 this FAQ, we use the name ``Emacs'' only for the official version.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3298
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3299 Emacs and XEmacs each come with Lisp packages that are lacking in the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3300 other. The two versions have some significant differences at the Lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3301 programming level. Their current features are roughly comparable,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3302 though the support for some operating systems, character sets and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3303 specific packages might be quite different.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3304
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3305 Some XEmacs code has been contributed to Emacs, and we would like to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3306 use other parts, but the earlier XEmacs maintainers did not always
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3307 keep track of the authors of contributed code, which makes it
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3308 impossible for the FSF to get copyright papers signed for that code.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3309 (The FSF requires these papers for all the code included in the Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3310 release, aside from generic C support packages that retain their
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3311 separate identity and are not integrated into the code of Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3312 proper.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3313
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3314 If you want to talk about these two versions and distinguish them,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3315 please call them ``Emacs'' and ``XEmacs.'' To contrast ``XEmacs''
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3316 with ``GNU Emacs'' would be misleading, since XEmacs too has its
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3317 origin in the work of the GNU Project. Terms such as ``Emacsen'' and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3318 ``(X)Emacs'' are not wrong, but they are not very clear, so it
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3319 is better to write ``Emacs and XEmacs.''
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3320
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3321 @node Emacs for minimalists
102261
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3322 @section I don't have enough disk space to install Emacs
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3323 @cindex Zile
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3324 @cindex Not enough disk space to install Emacs
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3325
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3326 GNU Zile is a lightweight Emacs clone. Zile is short for @samp{Zile Is
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3327 Lossy Emacs}. It has all of Emacs's basic editing features. The Zile
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3328 binary typically has a size of about 130 kbytes, so this can be useful
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3329 if you are in an extremely space-restricted environment. More
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3330 information is available from
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3331
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3332 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/zile/}
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3333
8931d7f39598 (Emacs for minimalists): New node. (Bug#2452)
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 102059
diff changeset
3334
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3335 @node Emacs for MS-DOS
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3336 @section Where can I get Emacs for MS-DOS?
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3337 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3338 @cindex DOS, Emacs for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3339 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3340 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3341
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3342 To build Emacs from source for MS-DOS, see the instructions in the file
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3343 @file{msdos/INSTALL} in the distribution. The DOS port builds and runs
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3344 on plain DOS, and also on all versions of MS-Windows from version 3.X
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3345 onwards, including Windows XP and Vista.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3346
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3347 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} contains some additional information
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3348 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3349
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3350 A pre-built binary distribution of the old Emacs 20 is available, as
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3351 described at
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3352
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3353 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/emacs.README}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3354
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3355 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3356 look-alikes), consult the list of ``Emacs implementations and literature,''
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3357 available at
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3358
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3359 @uref{http://www.finseth.com/emacs.html}
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3360
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3361 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3362 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3363
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3364 @node Emacs for MS-Windows
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3365 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows?
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3366 @cindex FAQ for Emacs on MS-Windows
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3367 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3368 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3369
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3370 There is a @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html,
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3371 separate FAQ} for Emacs on MS-Windows. For MS-DOS, @pxref{Emacs for MS-DOS}.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3372
103384
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3373
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3374 @node Emacs for GNUstep
103384
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3375 @section Where can I get Emacs for GNUstep?
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3376 @cindex GNUstep, Emacs for
103384
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3377
1a60127fa212 (Viewing Info files outside of Emacs): Xinfo is no more.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103383
diff changeset
3378 Beginning with version 23.1, Emacs supports GNUstep natively.
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3379 See the file @file{nextstep/INSTALL} in the distribution.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3380
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3381 @node Emacs for Mac OS X
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3382 @section Where can I get Emacs for Mac OS X?
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3383 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3384 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3385 @cindex Mac OS X, Emacs for
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3386
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3387 Beginning with version 22.1, Emacs supports Mac OS X natively.
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3388 See the file @file{nextstep/INSTALL} in the distribution.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3389
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3390 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3391 @node Major packages and programs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3392 @chapter Major packages and programs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3393 @cindex Major packages and programs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3394
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3395 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3396 * VM::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3397 * AUCTeX::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3398 * BBDB::
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3399 * Spell-checkers::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3400 * Emacs/W3::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3401 * EDB::
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3402 * JDEE::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3403 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3404
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3405 @node VM
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3406 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3407 @cindex VM
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3408 @cindex Alternative mail software
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3409 @cindex View Mail
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3410 @cindex E-mail reader, VM
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3411
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3412 @table @b
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3413
95921
19f2346062f0 (Major packages and programs): Remove references to external
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 87903
diff changeset
3414 @item Web site
106262
99056f788a09 (Latest version of Emacs): Mention stability of development version.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 104626
diff changeset
3415 @uref{http://launchpad.net/vm}
99056f788a09 (Latest version of Emacs): Mention stability of development version.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 104626
diff changeset
3416 (was @uref{http://www.nongnu.org/viewmail/})
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3417
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3418 @item Informational newsgroup
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3419 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@*
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3420
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3421 @item Bug reports newsgroup
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3422 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@*
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3423 @end table
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3424
95921
19f2346062f0 (Major packages and programs): Remove references to external
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 87903
diff changeset
3425 VM was originally written by @uref{http://www.wonderworks.com/vm/,Kyle Jones}.
19f2346062f0 (Major packages and programs): Remove references to external
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 87903
diff changeset
3426 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/,Older versions} of VM remain
19f2346062f0 (Major packages and programs): Remove references to external
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 87903
diff changeset
3427 available.
19f2346062f0 (Major packages and programs): Remove references to external
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 87903
diff changeset
3428
19f2346062f0 (Major packages and programs): Remove references to external
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 87903
diff changeset
3429
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3430 @node AUCTeX
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3431 @section AUC@TeX{} --- enhanced @TeX{} modes with debugging facilities
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3432 @cindex Mode for @TeX{}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3433 @cindex @TeX{} mode
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3434 @cindex AUC@TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3435 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3436
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3437 AUC@TeX{} is a set of sophisticated major modes for @TeX{}, LaTeX,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3438 ConTeXt, and Texinfo offering context-sensitive syntax highlighting,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3439 indentation, formatting and folding, macro completion, @TeX{} shell
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3440 functionality, and debugging. Be also sure to check out
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3441 @ref{Introduction, RefTeX, Introduction, reftex, Ref@TeX{} User Manual}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3442 Current versions of AUC@TeX{} include the
95921
19f2346062f0 (Major packages and programs): Remove references to external
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 87903
diff changeset
3443 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex.html,preview-latex}
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3444 package for WYSIWYG previews of various LaTeX constructs in the Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3445 source buffer.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3446
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3447 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/, AUCTeX}
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3448
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3449 @node BBDB
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3450 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3451 @cindex BBDB
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3452 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3453 @cindex Integrated contact database
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3454 @cindex Contact database
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3455 @cindex Big Brother Database
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3456 @cindex Address book
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3457
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3458 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, The Insidious Big Brother Database}
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3459
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3460 @node Spell-checkers
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3461 @section Spell-checkers
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3462 @cindex Spell-checker
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3463 @cindex Checking spelling
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3464 @cindex Ispell
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3465 @cindex Aspell
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3466 @cindex Hunspell
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3467
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3468 Various spell-checkers are compatible with Emacs, including:
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3469
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3470 @table @b
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3471
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3472 @item GNU Aspell
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3473 @uref{http://aspell.net/}
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3474
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3475 @item Ispell
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3476 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3477
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3478 @item Hunspell
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3479 @uref{http://hunspell.sourceforge.net/}
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3480
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3481 @end table
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3482
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3483 @node Emacs/W3
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3484 @section Emacs/W3 --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3485 @cindex WWW browser
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3486 @cindex Web browser
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3487 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3488 @cindex @code{w3-mode}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3489
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3490 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/w3/, Emacs/W3}
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3491
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3492 @node EDB
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3493 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3494 @cindex EDB
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3495 @cindex Database
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3496 @cindex Forms mode
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3497
103427
dd7376d3709c Fix case of some urefs.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103425
diff changeset
3498 @uref{http://gnuvola.org/software/edb/, The Emacs Database}
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3499
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3500 @node JDEE
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3501 @section JDEE --- Integrated development environment for Java
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3502 @cindex Java development environment
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3503 @cindex Integrated Java development environment
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
3504 @cindex JDEE
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3505
103427
dd7376d3709c Fix case of some urefs.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103425
diff changeset
3506 @uref{http://jdee.sourceforge.net/, A Java Development Environment for Emacs}
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3507
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3508 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3509 @node Key bindings
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3510 @chapter Key bindings
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3511 @cindex Key bindings
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3512
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3513 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3514 * Binding keys to commands::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3515 * Invalid prefix characters::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3516 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3517 * Working with function and arrow keys::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3518 * X key translations for Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3519 * Backspace invokes help::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3520 * Swapping keys::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3521 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3522 * No Meta key::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3523 * No Escape key::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3524 * Compose Character::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3525 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3526 * Meta key does not work in xterm::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3527 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3528 * SPC no longer completes file names::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3529 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3530
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3531 @node Binding keys to commands
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3532 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3533 @cindex Binding keys to commands
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3534 @cindex Keys, binding to commands
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3535 @cindex Commands, binding keys to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3536
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3537 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3538 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3539 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3540
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3541 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3542 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3543
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3544 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3545
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3546 To make the process of binding keys interactively easier, use the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3547 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3548 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3549 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3550 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3551 command are required. For example,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3552
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3553 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3554 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3555 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3556
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3557 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3558 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3559 local, the command is used in conjunction with the @samp{add-hook} function.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3560 For example, in TeX mode, a local binding might be
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3561
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3562 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3563 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3564 (lambda ()
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3565 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3566 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3567
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3568
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3569 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3570
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3571 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3572 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3573 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3574 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3575 to convert these into their vector or string forms.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3576
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3577 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3578 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3579 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3580 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3581
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3582 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3583 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3584 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{])
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3585 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3586
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3587 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3588 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3589 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3590
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3591 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3592 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3593 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3594 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3595
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3596 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3597
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3598 @node Invalid prefix characters
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3599 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters}?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3600 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3601 @cindex Invalid prefix characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3602 @cindex Misspecified key sequences
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3603
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3604 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3605 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3606 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3607 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3608 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3609 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3610 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3611
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3612 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3613 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3614 (global-unset-key "\e[")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3615 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3616
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3617 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3618 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3619 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3620
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3621 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3622 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3623 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3624 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3625 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3626
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3627 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3628 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3629 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3630 variable to this lambda function. For example,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3631
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3632 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3633 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3634 (lambda ()
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3635 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") ""))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3636 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3637 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command))))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3638 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3639
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3640 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3641 @file{lisp/startup.el} file.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3642
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3643 @node Working with function and arrow keys
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3644 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3645 @cindex Working with arrow keys
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3646 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3647 @cindex Working with function keys
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3648 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3649 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3650
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3651 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3652 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3653 Emacs documentation for an explanation). This works for other
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3654 keys as well.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3655
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3656 @node X key translations for Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3657 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3658 @cindex X key translations
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3659 @cindex Key translations under X
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3660 @cindex Translations for keys under X
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3661
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3662 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3663 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3664 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3665
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3666 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3667 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3668 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3669 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3670
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3671 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3672 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t])
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3673 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3674
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3675 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3676 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3677
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3678 @node Backspace invokes help
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3679 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3680 @cindex Backspace key invokes help
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3681 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3682 @cindex DEL key does not delete
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3683
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3684 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates @acronym{ASCII} code 8.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3685 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3686 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3687 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3688 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3689 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3690
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3691 For many people this solution may be problematic:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3692
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3693 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3694
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3695 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3696 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3697 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3698 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3699 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3700
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3701 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3702 stty erase `^?'
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3703 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3704
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3705 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3706 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3707 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3708 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3709 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3710 @key{Delete}. There are several methods.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3711
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3712 @itemize @minus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3713 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3714 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g.,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3715 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3716 changed from a setup menu.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3717
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3718 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3719 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3720 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3721
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3722 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3723 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3724 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3725 windowed displays, by customizing the option
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3726 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3727 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3728 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3729
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3730 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3731 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3732 Emacs:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3733
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3734 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3735 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3736 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3737
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3738 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3739 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3740 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3741 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3742
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3743 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3744 default deletes forward:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3745
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3746 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3747 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3748 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3749
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3750 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3751
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3752 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3753 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3754 instead:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3755
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3756 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3757 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3758
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3759 ;; overrides mark-whole-buffer
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3760 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3761 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3762
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3763 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3764 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3765 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3766 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3767 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3768 reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3769 above.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3770
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3771 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3772 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3773
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3774 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3775 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3776
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3777 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3778
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3779 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3780 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3781 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3782
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3783 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3784 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3785 Manual}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3786
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3787 @node Swapping keys
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3788 @section How do I swap two keys?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3789 @cindex Swapping keys
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3790 @cindex Keys, swapping
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3791 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3792
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3793 You can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3794 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3795 into @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3796
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3797 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3798 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3799 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3800 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3801
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3802 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3803 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3804 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3805 keymaps.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3806
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3807 However, in the specific case of @kbd{C-h} and @key{DEL}, you should
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3808 toggle @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode} instead of calling
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3809 @code{keyboard-translate}. @inforef{DEL Does Not Delete, DEL Does Not Delete,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3810 emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3811
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3812 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3813 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3814 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3815 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3816 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3817 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3818 translation.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3819
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3820 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3821 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3822 @cindex Producing control characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3823 @cindex Generating control characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3824 @cindex Control characters, generating
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3825
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3826 On terminals (but not under X), some common ``aliases'' are:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3827
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3828 @table @asis
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3829
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3830 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3831 @kbd{C-@@}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3832
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3833 @item @kbd{C-6}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3834 @kbd{C-^}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3835
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3836 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3837 @kbd{C-_}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3838
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3839 @item @kbd{C-4}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3840 @kbd{C-\}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3841
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3842 @item @kbd{C-5}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3843 @kbd{C-]}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3844
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3845 @item @kbd{C-/}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3846 @kbd{C-?}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3847
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3848 @end table
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3849
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3850 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3851 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3852 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3853 name of the command.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3854
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3855 @node No Meta key
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3856 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3857 @cindex No @key{Meta} key
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3858 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3859
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3860 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3861
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3862 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3863 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3864 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3865 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3866 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3867
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3868 @node No Escape key
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3869 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3870 @cindex No Escape key
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3871 @cindex Lacking an Escape key
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3872 @cindex Escape key, lacking
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3873
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3874 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send @acronym{ASCII} code 27 just like an
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3875 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3876 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3877 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3878
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3879 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3880 ;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3881 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e])
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3882 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3883
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3884 @node Compose Character
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3885 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3886 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3887 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3888
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3889 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3890 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3891 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3892 command.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3893
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3894 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3895 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3896 @cindex Modifiers and function keys
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3897 @cindex Function keys and modifiers
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3898 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3899
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3900 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3901 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For
103406
2a3d145eef1e Remove the term "on-line" (meaning "Info") throughout, since
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103394
diff changeset
3902 example (from the Emacs documentation):
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3903
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3904 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3905 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3906 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3907
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3908 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3909 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3910
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3911 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3912 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3913 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3914 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3915 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3916
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3917 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3918 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3919 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3920
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3921 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3922
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3923 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3924 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3925 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3926 terminals. Non-@acronym{ASCII} keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3927 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3928
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3929 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3930
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3931 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3932
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
3933 @node Meta key does not work in xterm
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3934 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3935 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3936 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3937
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3938 @inforef{Unibyte Mode, Single-Byte Character Set Support, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3939
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3940 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3941 asking for further help:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3942
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3943 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3944
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3945 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3946 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3947 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3948 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3949
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3950 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3951 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3952 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3953 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3954 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3955 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-@acronym{ASCII} character, put this in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3956 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3957
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3958 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3959 XTerm*eightBitInput: false
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3960 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3961 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3962
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3963 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3964 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3965 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3966 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3967 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3968
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3969 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3970 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3971 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3972 of every character.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3973
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3974 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3975 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3976 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3977
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3978 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3979 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3980 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3981 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3982 specification will do this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3983
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3984 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3985 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3986 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3987
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3988 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3989 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3990
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3991 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3992
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3993 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3994 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3995 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert()
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3996 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3997
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3998 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3999 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4000
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4001 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4002
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4003 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4004 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4005 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4006 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4007 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4008
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4009 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4010 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4011 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4012 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4013 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4014 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4015
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4016 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4017 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch'
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4018 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4019
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4020 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4021 @c solved?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4022
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4023 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4024 undesirable if you actually intend to use them.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4025
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4026 @node SPC no longer completes file names
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4027 @section Why doesn't SPC complete file names anymore?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4028 @cindex @kbd{SPC} file name completion
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4029
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4030 Starting with Emacs 22.1, @kbd{SPC} no longer completes file names in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4031 the minibuffer, so that file names with embedded spaces could be typed
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4032 without the need to quote the spaces.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4033
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4034 You can get the old behavior by binding @kbd{SPC} to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4035 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} in the minibuffer, as follows:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4036
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4037 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4038 (define-key minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map (kbd "SPC")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4039 'minibuffer-complete-word)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4040
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4041 (define-key minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map (kbd "SPC")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4042 'minibuffer-complete-word)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4043 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4044
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4045 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4046 @node Alternate character sets
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4047 @chapter Alternate character sets
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4048 @cindex Alternate character sets
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4049
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4050 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4051 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4052 * Inputting eight-bit characters::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4053 * Right-to-left alphabets::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4054 * How to add fonts::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4055 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4056
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4057 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4058 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4059 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4060 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4061
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4062 @inforef{Unibyte Mode, Single-byte Character Set
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4063 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4064 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4065 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4066 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4067 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4068 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4069 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4070 terminal coding system automatically.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4071
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4072 @node Inputting eight-bit characters
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4073 @section How do I input eight-bit characters?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4074 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4075 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4076 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4077
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4078 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4079 @inforef{Unibyte Mode, Single-byte Character Set
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4080 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4081 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4082
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4083 @node Right-to-left alphabets
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4084 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4085 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4086 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4087 @cindex Semitic alphabets
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4088 @cindex Arabic alphabets
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4089 @cindex Bidirectional text
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4090
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4091 Emacs supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8) since version 20, but does
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4092 not yet support right-to-left character entry and display. The
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4093 @uref{http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/emacs-bidi, emacs-bidi
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4094 mailing list} discusses development of support for this feature.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4095
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4096
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4097 @node How to add fonts
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4098 @section How do I add fonts for use with Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4099 @cindex add fonts for use with Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4100 @cindex intlfonts
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4101
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4102 First, download and install the BDF font files and any auxiliary
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4103 packages they need. The GNU Intlfonts distribution can be found on
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4104 @uref{http://directory.fsf.org/localization/intlfonts.html, the GNU
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4105 Software Directory Web site}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4106
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4107 Next, if you are on X Window system, issue the following two commands
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4108 from the shell's prompt:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4109
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4110 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4111 xset +fp /usr/local/share/emacs/fonts
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4112 xset fp rehash
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4113 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4114
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4115 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4116 (Modify the first command if you installed the fonts in a directory
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4117 that is not @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/fonts}.) You also need to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4118 arrange for these two commands to run whenever you log in, e.g., by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4119 adding them to your window-system startup file, such as
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4120 @file{~/.xsessionrc} or @file{~/.gnomerc}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4121
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4122 Now, add the following line to your @file{~/.emacs} init file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4123
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4124 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4125 (add-to-list 'bdf-directory-list "/usr/share/emacs/fonts/bdf")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4126 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4127
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4128 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4129 (Again, modify the file name if you installed the fonts elsewhere.)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4130
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4131 Finally, if you wish to use the installed fonts with @code{ps-print},
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4132 add the following line to your @file{~/.emacs}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4133
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4134 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4135 (setq ps-multibyte-buffer 'bdf-font-except-latin)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4136 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4137
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4138 A few additional steps are necessary for MS-Windows; they are listed
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4139 below.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4140
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4141 First, make sure @emph{all} the directories with BDF font files are
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4142 mentioned in @code{bdf-directory-list}. On Unix and GNU/Linux
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4143 systems, one normally runs @kbd{make install} to install the BDF fonts
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4144 in the same directory. By contrast, Windows users typically don't run
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4145 the Intlfonts installation command, but unpack the distribution in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4146 some directory, which leaves the BDF fonts in its subdirectories. For
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4147 example, assume that you unpacked Intlfonts in @file{C:/Intlfonts};
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4148 then you should set @code{bdf-directory-list} as follows:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4149
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4150 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4151 (setq bdf-directory-list
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4152 '("C:/Intlfonts/Asian"
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4153 "C:/Intlfonts/Chinese" "C:/Intlfonts/Chinese.X"
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4154 "C:/Intlfonts/Chinese.BIG" "C:/Intlfonts/Ethiopic"
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4155 "C:/Intlfonts/European" "C:/Intlfonts/European.BIG"
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4156 "C:/Intlfonts/Japanese" "C:/Intlfonts/Japanese.X"
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4157 "C:/Intlfonts/Japanese.BIG" "C:/Intlfonts/Korean.X"
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4158 "C:/Intlfonts/Misc"))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4159 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4160
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4161 @cindex @code{w32-bdf-filename-alist}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4162 @cindex @code{w32-find-bdf-fonts}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4163 Next, you need to set up the variable @code{w32-bdf-filename-alist} to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4164 an alist of the BDF fonts and their corresponding file names.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4165 Assuming you have set @code{bdf-directory-list} to name all the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4166 directories with the BDF font files, the following Lisp snippet will
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4167 set up @code{w32-bdf-filename-alist}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4168
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4169 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4170 (setq w32-bdf-filename-alist
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4171 (w32-find-bdf-fonts bdf-directory-list))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4172 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4173
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4174 Now, create fontsets for the BDF fonts:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4175
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4176 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4177 (create-fontset-from-fontset-spec
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4178 "-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-fontset-bdf,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4179 japanese-jisx0208:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1983-*,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4180 katakana-jisx0201:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0201*-*,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4181 latin-jisx0201:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0201*-*,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4182 japanese-jisx0208-1978:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-16-*-*-*-c-*-jisx0208.1978-*,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4183 thai-tis620:-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-tis620.2529-1,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4184 lao:-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-MuleLao-1,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4185 tibetan-1-column:-TibMdXA-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-80-MuleTibetan-1,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4186 ethiopic:-Admas-Ethiomx16f-Medium-R-Normal--16-150-100-100-M-160-Ethiopic-Unicode,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4187 tibetan:-TibMdXA-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-m-160-MuleTibetan-0")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4188 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4189
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4190 Many of the international bdf fonts from Intlfonts are type 0, and
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4191 therefore need to be added to font-encoding-alist:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4192
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4193 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4194 (setq font-encoding-alist
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4195 (append '(("MuleTibetan-0" (tibetan . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4196 ("GB2312" (chinese-gb2312 . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4197 ("JISX0208" (japanese-jisx0208 . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4198 ("JISX0212" (japanese-jisx0212 . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4199 ("VISCII" (vietnamese-viscii-lower . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4200 ("KSC5601" (korean-ksc5601 . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4201 ("MuleArabic-0" (arabic-digit . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4202 ("MuleArabic-1" (arabic-1-column . 0))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4203 ("MuleArabic-2" (arabic-2-column . 0)))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4204 font-encoding-alist))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4205 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4206
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4207 You can now use the Emacs font menu to select the @samp{bdf: 16-dot medium}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4208 fontset, or you can select it by setting the default font in your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4209 @file{~/.emacs}:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4210
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4211 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4212 (set-default-font "fontset-bdf")
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4213 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4214
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4215
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4216 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4217 @node Mail and news
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4218 @chapter Mail and news
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4219 @cindex Mail and news
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4220
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4221 @menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4222 * Changing the included text prefix::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4223 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4224 * Expanding aliases when sending mail::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4225 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder::
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4226 * Rmail writes to /var/spool/mail::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4227 * Replying to the sender of a message::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4228 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4229 * Reading news with Emacs::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4230 * Gnus does not work with NNTP::
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4231 * Making Gnus faster::
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4232 * Catching up in all newsgroups::
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4233 @end menu
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4234
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4235 @node Changing the included text prefix
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4236 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4237 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4238 @cindex Included text prefix, changing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4239 @cindex Setting the included text character
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4240 @cindex Quoting in mail messages
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4241
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4242 If you read mail with Rmail, set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4243 For Gnus, set @code{message-yank-prefix}. For VM, set
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4244 @code{vm-included-text-prefix}. For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4245
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4246 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite (@pxref{Top,, the Supercite
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4247 Manual, sc, The Supercite Manual}).
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4248
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4249 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4250 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4251 appropriate regexp.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4252
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4253 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4254 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4255 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4256 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4257 @cindex Filing outgoing mail
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4258 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4259 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4260
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4261 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4262 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4263 including an @samp{FCC} header.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4264
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4265 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4266 yourself by putting
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4267
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4268 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4269 (setq mail-self-blind t)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4270 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4271
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4272 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4273 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4274 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4275 file:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4276
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4277 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4278 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing"))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4279 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4280
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4281 The output file will be in Unix mail format.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4282
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4283 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4284 components file.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4285
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4286 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4287 file.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4288
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4289 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4290 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4291 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4292 @cindex Mail alias expansion
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4293 @cindex Sending mail with aliases
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4294
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4295 @xref{Mail Aliases,, The Emacs Manual, emacs, The Emacs Manual}.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4296
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4297 @itemize @bullet
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4298
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4299 @item
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4300 Normally, Emacs expands aliases when you send the message.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4301 To expand them before this, use @kbd{M-x expand-mail-aliases}.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4302
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4303 @c FIXME there should be an interactive rebuild command for this.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4304 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4305 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session,
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4306 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4307 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-: (build-mail-aliases) @key{RET}} to
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4308 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4309
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4310 @item
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4311 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4312 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4313
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4314 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4315 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4316 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4317
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4318 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4319 a word-separator character (e.g. @key{RET} or @kbd{,}). You can force their
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4320 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4321 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}).
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4322 @end itemize
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4323
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4324 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4325 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4326 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4327 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4328 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4329
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4330 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4331 and their key bindings.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4332
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4333 @node Rmail writes to /var/spool/mail
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4334 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/var/spool/mail}?
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4335 @cindex Rmail and @file{/var/spool/mail}
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4336 @cindex @file{/var/spool/mail} and Rmail
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4337
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4338 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4339 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4340
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4341 RMS writes:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4342
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4343 @quotation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4344 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4345 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4346 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4347
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4348 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4349 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4350 @end quotation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4351
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4352 @node Replying to the sender of a message
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4353 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4354 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4355 @cindex Sender, replying only to
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4356 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4357
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4358 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4359 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4360 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4361 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}),
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4362 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4363 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4364 best fix I've been able to come up with:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4365
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4366 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4367 (defun rmail-reply-t ()
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4368 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)"
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4369 (interactive)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4370 (rmail-reply t))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4371
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4372 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4373 (lambda ()
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4374 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4375 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply)))
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4376 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4377
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4378 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4379 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4380 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4381 @cindex News reader, starting automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4382 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4383
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4384 To start Emacs in Gnus:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4385
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4386 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4387 emacs -f gnus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4388 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4389
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4390 @noindent
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4391 in Rmail:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4392
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4393 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4394 emacs -f rmail
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4395 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4396
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4397 A more convenient way to start with Gnus:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4398
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4399 @example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4400 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus'
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4401 gnus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4402 @end example
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4403
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4404 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4405 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4406 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4407 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4408
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4409 @node Reading news with Emacs
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4410 @section How do I read news under Emacs?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4411 @cindex Reading news under Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4412 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4413 @cindex Gnus newsreader
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4414 @cindex FAQ for Gnus
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4415 @cindex Gnus FAQ
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4416 @cindex Learning more about Gnus
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4417
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4418 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. For more information on Gnus, @pxref{Top,, the Gnus
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4419 Manual, gnus, The Gnus Manual}, which includes @ref{Frequently Asked
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4420 Questions,, the Gnus FAQ, gnus}.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4421
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4422
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4423 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4424 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4425 @cindex Gnus and NNTP
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4426 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4427
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4428 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4429 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4430 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4431 1.5.11 claims to fix this.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4432
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4433 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this:
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4434
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4435 @lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4436 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1)
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4437 @end lisp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4438
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4439 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4440 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4441 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4442 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4443
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4444 @node Making Gnus faster
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4445 @section How do I make Gnus faster?
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4446 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4447 @cindex Starting Gnus faster
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4448 @cindex Gnus, starting faster
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4449 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4450 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4451 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4452
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4453 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Reading news with Emacs}):
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4454
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4455 @quotation
103444
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4456 If you have a slow machine, or are just really impatient, there are a
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4457 few things you can do to make Gnus run faster.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4458
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4459 Set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} and
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4460 @code{gnus-check-bogus-newsgroups} to @code{nil} to make startup faster.
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4461
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4462 Set @code{gnus-show-threads}, @code{gnus-use-cross-reference} and
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4463 @code{gnus-nov-is-evil} to @code{nil} to make entering and exiting the
61b1b668390e (Top): Mention which Emacs version this FAQ is about.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103427
diff changeset
4464 summary buffer faster.
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4465 @end quotation
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4466
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4467 @node Catching up in all newsgroups
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4468 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus?
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4469 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4470 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4471
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4472 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e}
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4473
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4474 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4475 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer.
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4476
103394
7f9fa78fd502 (Top): Add @top command.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 103384
diff changeset
4477 @node Concept index
84296
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4478 @unnumbered Concept Index
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4479 @printindex cp
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4480
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4481 @bye
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4482
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4483 @ignore
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4484 arch-tag: fee0d62d-06cf-43d8-ac21-123408eaf10f
aa1513fac7ae Move here from ../../man
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4485 @end ignore