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annotate lispref/processes.texi @ 67436:95ba645227f9
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author | Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de> |
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date | Fri, 09 Dec 2005 16:46:01 +0000 |
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6558 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, |
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4 @c 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6558 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/processes | |
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7 @node Processes, Display, Abbrevs, Top |
6558 | 8 @chapter Processes |
9 @cindex child process | |
10 @cindex parent process | |
11 @cindex subprocess | |
12 @cindex process | |
13 | |
14 In the terminology of operating systems, a @dfn{process} is a space in | |
15 which a program can execute. Emacs runs in a process. Emacs Lisp | |
16 programs can invoke other programs in processes of their own. These are | |
17 called @dfn{subprocesses} or @dfn{child processes} of the Emacs process, | |
18 which is their @dfn{parent process}. | |
19 | |
20 A subprocess of Emacs may be @dfn{synchronous} or @dfn{asynchronous}, | |
21 depending on how it is created. When you create a synchronous | |
22 subprocess, the Lisp program waits for the subprocess to terminate | |
23 before continuing execution. When you create an asynchronous | |
24 subprocess, it can run in parallel with the Lisp program. This kind of | |
25 subprocess is represented within Emacs by a Lisp object which is also | |
26 called a ``process''. Lisp programs can use this object to communicate | |
27 with the subprocess or to control it. For example, you can send | |
28 signals, obtain status information, receive output from the process, or | |
29 send input to it. | |
30 | |
31 @defun processp object | |
32 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a process, | |
33 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
34 @end defun | |
35 | |
36 @menu | |
37 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses. | |
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38 * Shell Arguments:: Quoting an argument to pass it to a shell. |
6558 | 39 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses. |
40 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess. | |
41 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess. | |
42 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes. | |
43 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess. | |
44 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting | |
45 an asynchronous subprocess. | |
46 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess. | |
47 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes. | |
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48 * Query Before Exit:: Whether to query if exiting will kill a process. |
6558 | 49 * Transaction Queues:: Transaction-based communication with subprocesses. |
12098 | 50 * Network:: Opening network connections. |
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51 * Network Servers:: Network servers let Emacs accept net connections. |
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52 * Datagrams:: UDP network connections. |
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53 * Low-Level Network:: Lower-level but more general function |
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54 to create connections and servers. |
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55 * Misc Network:: Additional relevant functions for network connections. |
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56 * Byte Packing:: Using bindat to pack and unpack binary data. |
6558 | 57 @end menu |
58 | |
59 @node Subprocess Creation | |
60 @section Functions that Create Subprocesses | |
61 | |
62 There are three functions that create a new subprocess in which to run | |
63 a program. One of them, @code{start-process}, creates an asynchronous | |
64 process and returns a process object (@pxref{Asynchronous Processes}). | |
65 The other two, @code{call-process} and @code{call-process-region}, | |
66 create a synchronous process and do not return a process object | |
67 (@pxref{Synchronous Processes}). | |
68 | |
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69 Synchronous and asynchronous processes are explained in the following |
6558 | 70 sections. Since the three functions are all called in a similar |
71 fashion, their common arguments are described here. | |
72 | |
73 @cindex execute program | |
74 @cindex @code{PATH} environment variable | |
75 @cindex @code{HOME} environment variable | |
76 In all cases, the function's @var{program} argument specifies the | |
77 program to be run. An error is signaled if the file is not found or | |
78 cannot be executed. If the file name is relative, the variable | |
79 @code{exec-path} contains a list of directories to search. Emacs | |
80 initializes @code{exec-path} when it starts up, based on the value of | |
81 the environment variable @code{PATH}. The standard file name | |
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82 constructs, @samp{~}, @samp{.}, and @samp{..}, are interpreted as |
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83 usual in @code{exec-path}, but environment variable substitutions |
6558 | 84 (@samp{$HOME}, etc.) are not recognized; use |
85 @code{substitute-in-file-name} to perform them (@pxref{File Name | |
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86 Expansion}). @code{nil} in this list refers to |
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87 @code{default-directory}. |
6558 | 88 |
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89 Executing a program can also try adding suffixes to the specified |
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90 name: |
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91 |
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92 @defvar exec-suffixes |
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93 This variable is a list of suffixes (strings) to try adding to the |
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94 specified program file name. The list should include @code{""} if you |
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95 want the name to be tried exactly as specified. The default value is |
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96 system-dependent. |
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97 @end defvar |
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98 |
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99 @strong{Please note:} The argument @var{program} contains only the |
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100 name of the program; it may not contain any command-line arguments. You |
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101 must use @var{args} to provide those. |
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102 |
6558 | 103 Each of the subprocess-creating functions has a @var{buffer-or-name} |
104 argument which specifies where the standard output from the program will | |
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105 go. It should be a buffer or a buffer name; if it is a buffer name, |
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106 that will create the buffer if it does not already exist. It can also |
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107 be @code{nil}, which says to discard the output unless a filter function |
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108 handles it. (@xref{Filter Functions}, and @ref{Read and Print}.) |
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109 Normally, you should avoid having multiple processes send output to the |
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110 same buffer because their output would be intermixed randomly. |
6558 | 111 |
112 @cindex program arguments | |
113 All three of the subprocess-creating functions have a @code{&rest} | |
114 argument, @var{args}. The @var{args} must all be strings, and they are | |
115 supplied to @var{program} as separate command line arguments. Wildcard | |
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116 characters and other shell constructs have no special meanings in these |
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117 strings, since the strings are passed directly to the specified program. |
6558 | 118 |
119 The subprocess gets its current directory from the value of | |
120 @code{default-directory} (@pxref{File Name Expansion}). | |
121 | |
122 @cindex environment variables, subprocesses | |
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123 The subprocess inherits its environment from Emacs, but you can |
6558 | 124 specify overrides for it with @code{process-environment}. @xref{System |
125 Environment}. | |
126 | |
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127 @defvar exec-directory |
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128 @pindex movemail |
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129 The value of this variable is a string, the name of a directory that |
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130 contains programs that come with GNU Emacs, programs intended for Emacs |
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131 to invoke. The program @code{movemail} is an example of such a program; |
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132 Rmail uses it to fetch new mail from an inbox. |
6558 | 133 @end defvar |
134 | |
135 @defopt exec-path | |
136 The value of this variable is a list of directories to search for | |
137 programs to run in subprocesses. Each element is either the name of a | |
138 directory (i.e., a string), or @code{nil}, which stands for the default | |
139 directory (which is the value of @code{default-directory}). | |
140 @cindex program directories | |
141 | |
142 The value of @code{exec-path} is used by @code{call-process} and | |
143 @code{start-process} when the @var{program} argument is not an absolute | |
144 file name. | |
145 @end defopt | |
146 | |
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147 @node Shell Arguments |
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148 @section Shell Arguments |
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149 |
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150 Lisp programs sometimes need to run a shell and give it a command |
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151 that contains file names that were specified by the user. These |
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152 programs ought to be able to support any valid file name. But the shell |
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153 gives special treatment to certain characters, and if these characters |
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154 occur in the file name, they will confuse the shell. To handle these |
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155 characters, use the function @code{shell-quote-argument}: |
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156 |
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157 @defun shell-quote-argument argument |
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158 This function returns a string which represents, in shell syntax, |
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159 an argument whose actual contents are @var{argument}. It should |
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160 work reliably to concatenate the return value into a shell command |
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161 and then pass it to a shell for execution. |
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162 |
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163 Precisely what this function does depends on your operating system. The |
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164 function is designed to work with the syntax of your system's standard |
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165 shell; if you use an unusual shell, you will need to redefine this |
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166 function. |
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167 |
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168 @example |
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169 ;; @r{This example shows the behavior on GNU and Unix systems.} |
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170 (shell-quote-argument "foo > bar") |
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171 @result{} "foo\\ \\>\\ bar" |
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172 |
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173 ;; @r{This example shows the behavior on MS-DOS and MS-Windows.} |
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174 (shell-quote-argument "foo > bar") |
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175 @result{} "\"foo > bar\"" |
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176 @end example |
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177 |
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178 Here's an example of using @code{shell-quote-argument} to construct |
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179 a shell command: |
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180 |
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181 @example |
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182 (concat "diff -c " |
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183 (shell-quote-argument oldfile) |
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184 " " |
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185 (shell-quote-argument newfile)) |
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186 @end example |
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187 @end defun |
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188 |
6558 | 189 @node Synchronous Processes |
190 @section Creating a Synchronous Process | |
191 @cindex synchronous subprocess | |
192 | |
193 After a @dfn{synchronous process} is created, Emacs waits for the | |
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194 process to terminate before continuing. Starting Dired on GNU or |
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195 Unix@footnote{On other systems, Emacs uses a Lisp emulation of |
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196 @code{ls}; see @ref{Contents of Directories}.} is an example of this: it |
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197 runs @code{ls} in a synchronous process, then modifies the output |
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198 slightly. Because the process is synchronous, the entire directory |
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199 listing arrives in the buffer before Emacs tries to do anything with it. |
6558 | 200 |
201 While Emacs waits for the synchronous subprocess to terminate, the | |
202 user can quit by typing @kbd{C-g}. The first @kbd{C-g} tries to kill | |
203 the subprocess with a @code{SIGINT} signal; but it waits until the | |
204 subprocess actually terminates before quitting. If during that time the | |
205 user types another @kbd{C-g}, that kills the subprocess instantly with | |
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206 @code{SIGKILL} and quits immediately (except on MS-DOS, where killing |
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207 other processes doesn't work). @xref{Quitting}. |
6558 | 208 |
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209 The synchronous subprocess functions return an indication of how the |
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210 process terminated. |
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211 |
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212 The output from a synchronous subprocess is generally decoded using a |
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213 coding system, much like text read from a file. The input sent to a |
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214 subprocess by @code{call-process-region} is encoded using a coding |
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215 system, much like text written into a file. @xref{Coding Systems}. |
6558 | 216 |
12067 | 217 @defun call-process program &optional infile destination display &rest args |
6558 | 218 This function calls @var{program} in a separate process and waits for |
219 it to finish. | |
220 | |
221 The standard input for the process comes from file @var{infile} if | |
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222 @var{infile} is not @code{nil}, and from the null device otherwise. |
12067 | 223 The argument @var{destination} says where to put the process output. |
224 Here are the possibilities: | |
225 | |
226 @table @asis | |
227 @item a buffer | |
228 Insert the output in that buffer, before point. This includes both the | |
229 standard output stream and the standard error stream of the process. | |
230 | |
231 @item a string | |
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232 Insert the output in a buffer with that name, before point. |
12067 | 233 |
234 @item @code{t} | |
235 Insert the output in the current buffer, before point. | |
236 | |
237 @item @code{nil} | |
238 Discard the output. | |
6558 | 239 |
12067 | 240 @item 0 |
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241 Discard the output, and return @code{nil} immediately without waiting |
12067 | 242 for the subprocess to finish. |
243 | |
244 In this case, the process is not truly synchronous, since it can run in | |
245 parallel with Emacs; but you can think of it as synchronous in that | |
246 Emacs is essentially finished with the subprocess as soon as this | |
247 function returns. | |
248 | |
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249 MS-DOS doesn't support asynchronous subprocesses, so this option doesn't |
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250 work there. |
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251 |
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252 @item @code{(@var{real-destination} @var{error-destination})} |
12067 | 253 Keep the standard output stream separate from the standard error stream; |
254 deal with the ordinary output as specified by @var{real-destination}, | |
255 and dispose of the error output according to @var{error-destination}. | |
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256 If @var{error-destination} is @code{nil}, that means to discard the |
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257 error output, @code{t} means mix it with the ordinary output, and a |
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258 string specifies a file name to redirect error output into. |
12067 | 259 |
260 You can't directly specify a buffer to put the error output in; that is | |
261 too difficult to implement. But you can achieve this result by sending | |
262 the error output to a temporary file and then inserting the file into a | |
263 buffer. | |
264 @end table | |
6558 | 265 |
266 If @var{display} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{call-process} redisplays | |
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267 the buffer as output is inserted. (However, if the coding system chosen |
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268 for decoding output is @code{undecided}, meaning deduce the encoding |
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269 from the actual data, then redisplay sometimes cannot continue once |
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270 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters are encountered. There are fundamental |
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271 reasons why it is hard to fix this; see @ref{Output from Processes}.) |
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272 |
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273 Otherwise the function @code{call-process} does no redisplay, and the |
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274 results become visible on the screen only when Emacs redisplays that |
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275 buffer in the normal course of events. |
6558 | 276 |
277 The remaining arguments, @var{args}, are strings that specify command | |
278 line arguments for the program. | |
279 | |
280 The value returned by @code{call-process} (unless you told it not to | |
281 wait) indicates the reason for process termination. A number gives the | |
282 exit status of the subprocess; 0 means success, and any other value | |
283 means failure. If the process terminated with a signal, | |
284 @code{call-process} returns a string describing the signal. | |
285 | |
286 In the examples below, the buffer @samp{foo} is current. | |
287 | |
288 @smallexample | |
289 @group | |
290 (call-process "pwd" nil t) | |
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291 @result{} 0 |
6558 | 292 |
293 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
294 /usr/user/lewis/manual | |
295 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
296 @end group | |
297 | |
298 @group | |
299 (call-process "grep" nil "bar" nil "lewis" "/etc/passwd") | |
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300 @result{} 0 |
6558 | 301 |
302 ---------- Buffer: bar ---------- | |
303 lewis:5LTsHm66CSWKg:398:21:Bil Lewis:/user/lewis:/bin/csh | |
304 | |
305 ---------- Buffer: bar ---------- | |
306 @end group | |
307 @end smallexample | |
308 | |
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309 Here is a good example of the use of @code{call-process}, which used to |
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310 be found in the definition of @code{insert-directory}: |
6558 | 311 |
312 @smallexample | |
313 @group | |
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314 (call-process insert-directory-program nil t nil @var{switches} |
6558 | 315 (if full-directory-p |
316 (concat (file-name-as-directory file) ".") | |
317 file)) | |
318 @end group | |
319 @end smallexample | |
320 @end defun | |
321 | |
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322 @defun process-file program &optional infile buffer display &rest args |
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323 This function processes files synchronously in a separate process. It |
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324 is similar to @code{call-process} but may invoke a file handler based |
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325 on the value of the variable @code{default-directory}. The current |
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326 working directory of the subprocess is @code{default-directory}. |
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327 |
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328 The arguments are handled in almost the same way as for |
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329 @code{call-process}, with the following differences: |
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330 |
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331 Some file handlers may not support all combinations and forms of the |
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332 arguments @var{infile}, @var{buffer}, and @var{display}. For example, |
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333 some file handlers might behave as if @var{display} were @code{nil}, |
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334 regardless of the value actually passed. As another example, some |
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335 file handlers might not support separating standard output and error |
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336 output by way of the @var{buffer} argument. |
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337 |
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338 If a file handler is invoked, it determines the program to run based |
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339 on the first argument @var{program}. For instance, consider that a |
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340 handler for remote files is invoked. Then the path that is used for |
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341 searching the program might be different than @code{exec-path}. |
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342 |
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343 The second argument @var{infile} may invoke a file handler. The file |
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344 handler could be different from the handler chosen for the |
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345 @code{process-file} function itself. (For example, |
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346 @code{default-directory} could be on a remote host, whereas |
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347 @var{infile} is on another remote host. Or @code{default-directory} |
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348 could be non-special, whereas @var{infile} is on a remote host.) |
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349 |
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350 If @var{buffer} has the form @code{(@var{real-destination} |
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351 @var{error-destination})}, and @var{error-destination} names a file, |
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352 then the same remarks as for @var{infile} apply. |
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353 |
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354 The remaining arguments (@var{args}) will be passed to the process |
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355 verbatim. Emacs is not involved in processing file names that are |
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356 present in @var{args}. To avoid confusion, it may be best to avoid |
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357 absolute file names in @var{args}, but rather to specify all file |
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358 names as relative to @code{default-directory}. The function |
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359 @code{file-relative-name} is useful for constructing such relative |
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360 file names. |
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361 @end defun |
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362 |
12067 | 363 @defun call-process-region start end program &optional delete destination display &rest args |
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364 This function sends the text from @var{start} to @var{end} as |
6558 | 365 standard input to a process running @var{program}. It deletes the text |
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366 sent if @var{delete} is non-@code{nil}; this is useful when |
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367 @var{destination} is @code{t}, to insert the output in the current |
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368 buffer in place of the input. |
6558 | 369 |
12067 | 370 The arguments @var{destination} and @var{display} control what to do |
6558 | 371 with the output from the subprocess, and whether to update the display |
372 as it comes in. For details, see the description of | |
12067 | 373 @code{call-process}, above. If @var{destination} is the integer 0, |
6558 | 374 @code{call-process-region} discards the output and returns @code{nil} |
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375 immediately, without waiting for the subprocess to finish (this only |
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376 works if asynchronous subprocesses are supported). |
6558 | 377 |
378 The remaining arguments, @var{args}, are strings that specify command | |
379 line arguments for the program. | |
380 | |
381 The return value of @code{call-process-region} is just like that of | |
382 @code{call-process}: @code{nil} if you told it to return without | |
383 waiting; otherwise, a number or string which indicates how the | |
384 subprocess terminated. | |
385 | |
386 In the following example, we use @code{call-process-region} to run the | |
387 @code{cat} utility, with standard input being the first five characters | |
388 in buffer @samp{foo} (the word @samp{input}). @code{cat} copies its | |
389 standard input into its standard output. Since the argument | |
12067 | 390 @var{destination} is @code{t}, this output is inserted in the current |
6558 | 391 buffer. |
392 | |
393 @smallexample | |
394 @group | |
395 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
396 input@point{} | |
397 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
398 @end group | |
399 | |
400 @group | |
401 (call-process-region 1 6 "cat" nil t) | |
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402 @result{} 0 |
6558 | 403 |
404 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
405 inputinput@point{} | |
406 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
407 @end group | |
408 @end smallexample | |
409 | |
410 The @code{shell-command-on-region} command uses | |
411 @code{call-process-region} like this: | |
412 | |
413 @smallexample | |
414 @group | |
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415 (call-process-region |
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416 start end |
6558 | 417 shell-file-name ; @r{Name of program.} |
418 nil ; @r{Do not delete region.} | |
419 buffer ; @r{Send output to @code{buffer}.} | |
420 nil ; @r{No redisplay during output.} | |
421 "-c" command) ; @r{Arguments for the shell.} | |
422 @end group | |
423 @end smallexample | |
424 @end defun | |
425 | |
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426 @defun call-process-shell-command command &optional infile destination display &rest args |
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427 This function executes the shell command @var{command} synchronously |
54265 | 428 in a separate process. The final arguments @var{args} are additional |
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429 arguments to add at the end of @var{command}. The other arguments |
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430 are handled as in @code{call-process}. |
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431 @end defun |
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432 |
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433 @defun shell-command-to-string command |
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434 This function executes @var{command} (a string) as a shell command, |
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435 then returns the command's output as a string. |
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436 @end defun |
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437 |
6558 | 438 @node Asynchronous Processes |
439 @section Creating an Asynchronous Process | |
440 @cindex asynchronous subprocess | |
441 | |
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442 After an @dfn{asynchronous process} is created, Emacs and the subprocess |
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443 both continue running immediately. The process thereafter runs |
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444 in parallel with Emacs, and the two can communicate with each other |
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445 using the functions described in the following sections. However, |
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446 communication is only partially asynchronous: Emacs sends data to the |
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447 process only when certain functions are called, and Emacs accepts data |
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448 from the process only when Emacs is waiting for input or for a time |
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449 delay. |
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450 |
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451 Here we describe how to create an asynchronous process. |
6558 | 452 |
453 @defun start-process name buffer-or-name program &rest args | |
454 This function creates a new asynchronous subprocess and starts the | |
455 program @var{program} running in it. It returns a process object that | |
456 stands for the new subprocess in Lisp. The argument @var{name} | |
457 specifies the name for the process object; if a process with this name | |
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458 already exists, then @var{name} is modified (by appending @samp{<1>}, |
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459 etc.) to be unique. The buffer @var{buffer-or-name} is the buffer to |
6558 | 460 associate with the process. |
461 | |
462 The remaining arguments, @var{args}, are strings that specify command | |
463 line arguments for the program. | |
464 | |
465 In the example below, the first process is started and runs (rather, | |
466 sleeps) for 100 seconds. Meanwhile, the second process is started, and | |
467 given the name @samp{my-process<1>} for the sake of uniqueness. It | |
468 inserts the directory listing at the end of the buffer @samp{foo}, | |
469 before the first process finishes. Then it finishes, and a message to | |
470 that effect is inserted in the buffer. Much later, the first process | |
471 finishes, and another message is inserted in the buffer for it. | |
472 | |
473 @smallexample | |
474 @group | |
475 (start-process "my-process" "foo" "sleep" "100") | |
476 @result{} #<process my-process> | |
477 @end group | |
478 | |
479 @group | |
480 (start-process "my-process" "foo" "ls" "-l" "/user/lewis/bin") | |
481 @result{} #<process my-process<1>> | |
482 | |
483 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
484 total 2 | |
485 lrwxrwxrwx 1 lewis 14 Jul 22 10:12 gnuemacs --> /emacs | |
486 -rwxrwxrwx 1 lewis 19 Jul 30 21:02 lemon | |
487 | |
488 Process my-process<1> finished | |
489 | |
490 Process my-process finished | |
491 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
492 @end group | |
493 @end smallexample | |
494 @end defun | |
495 | |
496 @defun start-process-shell-command name buffer-or-name command &rest command-args | |
497 This function is like @code{start-process} except that it uses a shell | |
498 to execute the specified command. The argument @var{command} is a shell | |
499 command name, and @var{command-args} are the arguments for the shell | |
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500 command. The variable @code{shell-file-name} specifies which shell to |
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501 use. |
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502 |
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503 The point of running a program through the shell, rather than directly |
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504 with @code{start-process}, is so that you can employ shell features such |
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505 as wildcards in the arguments. It follows that if you include an |
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506 arbitrary user-specified arguments in the command, you should quote it |
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507 with @code{shell-quote-argument} first, so that any special shell |
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508 characters do @emph{not} have their special shell meanings. @xref{Shell |
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509 Arguments}. |
6558 | 510 @end defun |
511 | |
512 @defvar process-connection-type | |
513 @cindex pipes | |
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514 @cindex @acronym{PTY}s |
6558 | 515 This variable controls the type of device used to communicate with |
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516 asynchronous subprocesses. If it is non-@code{nil}, then @acronym{PTY}s are |
12098 | 517 used, when available. Otherwise, pipes are used. |
6558 | 518 |
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519 @acronym{PTY}s are usually preferable for processes visible to the user, as |
6558 | 520 in Shell mode, because they allow job control (@kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-z}, |
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521 etc.) to work between the process and its children, whereas pipes do |
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522 not. For subprocesses used for internal purposes by programs, it is |
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523 often better to use a pipe, because they are more efficient. In |
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524 addition, the total number of @acronym{PTY}s is limited on many systems and |
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525 it is good not to waste them. |
6558 | 526 |
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527 The value of @code{process-connection-type} takes effect when |
6558 | 528 @code{start-process} is called. So you can specify how to communicate |
529 with one subprocess by binding the variable around the call to | |
530 @code{start-process}. | |
531 | |
532 @smallexample | |
533 @group | |
534 (let ((process-connection-type nil)) ; @r{Use a pipe.} | |
535 (start-process @dots{})) | |
536 @end group | |
537 @end smallexample | |
12067 | 538 |
539 To determine whether a given subprocess actually got a pipe or a | |
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540 @acronym{PTY}, use the function @code{process-tty-name} (@pxref{Process |
12067 | 541 Information}). |
6558 | 542 @end defvar |
543 | |
544 @node Deleting Processes | |
545 @section Deleting Processes | |
546 @cindex deleting processes | |
547 | |
548 @dfn{Deleting a process} disconnects Emacs immediately from the | |
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549 subprocess. Processes are deleted automatically after they terminate, |
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550 but not necessarily right away. You can delete a process explicitly |
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551 at any time. If you delete a terminated process explicitly before it |
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552 is deleted automatically, no harm results. Deleting a running |
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553 process sends a signal to terminate it (and its child processes if |
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554 any), and calls the process sentinel if it has one. @xref{Sentinels}. |
6558 | 555 |
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556 When a process is deleted, the process object itself continues to |
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557 exist as long as other Lisp objects point to it. All the Lisp |
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558 primitives that work on process objects accept deleted processes, but |
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559 those that do I/O or send signals will report an error. The process |
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560 mark continues to point to the same place as before, usually into a |
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561 buffer where output from the process was being inserted. |
6558 | 562 |
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563 @defopt delete-exited-processes |
6558 | 564 This variable controls automatic deletion of processes that have |
565 terminated (due to calling @code{exit} or to a signal). If it is | |
566 @code{nil}, then they continue to exist until the user runs | |
567 @code{list-processes}. Otherwise, they are deleted immediately after | |
568 they exit. | |
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569 @end defopt |
6558 | 570 |
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571 @defun delete-process process |
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572 This function deletes a process, killing it with a @code{SIGKILL} |
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573 signal. The argument may be a process, the name of a process, a |
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574 buffer, or the name of a buffer. (A buffer or buffer-name stands for |
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575 the process that @code{get-buffer-process} returns.) Calling |
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576 @code{delete-process} on a running process terminates it, updates the |
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577 process status, and runs the sentinel (if any) immediately. If the |
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578 process has already terminated, calling @code{delete-process} has no |
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579 effect on its status, or on the running of its sentinel (which will |
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580 happen sooner or later). |
6558 | 581 |
582 @smallexample | |
583 @group | |
584 (delete-process "*shell*") | |
585 @result{} nil | |
586 @end group | |
587 @end smallexample | |
588 @end defun | |
589 | |
590 @node Process Information | |
591 @section Process Information | |
592 | |
593 Several functions return information about processes. | |
594 @code{list-processes} is provided for interactive use. | |
595 | |
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596 @deffn Command list-processes &optional query-only |
6558 | 597 This command displays a listing of all living processes. In addition, |
598 it finally deletes any process whose status was @samp{Exited} or | |
599 @samp{Signaled}. It returns @code{nil}. | |
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600 |
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601 If @var{query-only} is non-@code{nil} then it lists only processes |
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602 whose query flag is non-@code{nil}. @xref{Query Before Exit}. |
6558 | 603 @end deffn |
604 | |
605 @defun process-list | |
606 This function returns a list of all processes that have not been deleted. | |
607 | |
608 @smallexample | |
609 @group | |
610 (process-list) | |
611 @result{} (#<process display-time> #<process shell>) | |
612 @end group | |
613 @end smallexample | |
614 @end defun | |
615 | |
616 @defun get-process name | |
617 This function returns the process named @var{name}, or @code{nil} if | |
618 there is none. An error is signaled if @var{name} is not a string. | |
619 | |
620 @smallexample | |
621 @group | |
622 (get-process "shell") | |
623 @result{} #<process shell> | |
624 @end group | |
625 @end smallexample | |
626 @end defun | |
627 | |
628 @defun process-command process | |
629 This function returns the command that was executed to start | |
630 @var{process}. This is a list of strings, the first string being the | |
631 program executed and the rest of the strings being the arguments that | |
632 were given to the program. | |
633 | |
634 @smallexample | |
635 @group | |
636 (process-command (get-process "shell")) | |
637 @result{} ("/bin/csh" "-i") | |
638 @end group | |
639 @end smallexample | |
640 @end defun | |
641 | |
642 @defun process-id process | |
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643 This function returns the @acronym{PID} of @var{process}. This is an |
9009 | 644 integer that distinguishes the process @var{process} from all other |
6558 | 645 processes running on the same computer at the current time. The |
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646 @acronym{PID} of a process is chosen by the operating system kernel when the |
6558 | 647 process is started and remains constant as long as the process exists. |
648 @end defun | |
649 | |
650 @defun process-name process | |
651 This function returns the name of @var{process}. | |
652 @end defun | |
653 | |
654 @defun process-status process-name | |
655 This function returns the status of @var{process-name} as a symbol. | |
656 The argument @var{process-name} must be a process, a buffer, a | |
657 process name (string) or a buffer name (string). | |
658 | |
659 The possible values for an actual subprocess are: | |
660 | |
661 @table @code | |
662 @item run | |
663 for a process that is running. | |
664 @item stop | |
665 for a process that is stopped but continuable. | |
666 @item exit | |
667 for a process that has exited. | |
668 @item signal | |
669 for a process that has received a fatal signal. | |
670 @item open | |
671 for a network connection that is open. | |
672 @item closed | |
673 for a network connection that is closed. Once a connection | |
674 is closed, you cannot reopen it, though you might be able to open | |
675 a new connection to the same place. | |
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676 @item connect |
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677 for a non-blocking connection that is waiting to complete. |
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678 @item failed |
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679 for a non-blocking connection that has failed to complete. |
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680 @item listen |
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681 for a network server that is listening. |
6558 | 682 @item nil |
683 if @var{process-name} is not the name of an existing process. | |
684 @end table | |
685 | |
686 @smallexample | |
687 @group | |
688 (process-status "shell") | |
689 @result{} run | |
690 @end group | |
691 @group | |
692 (process-status (get-buffer "*shell*")) | |
693 @result{} run | |
694 @end group | |
695 @group | |
696 x | |
697 @result{} #<process xx<1>> | |
698 (process-status x) | |
699 @result{} exit | |
700 @end group | |
701 @end smallexample | |
702 | |
703 For a network connection, @code{process-status} returns one of the symbols | |
704 @code{open} or @code{closed}. The latter means that the other side | |
705 closed the connection, or Emacs did @code{delete-process}. | |
706 @end defun | |
707 | |
708 @defun process-exit-status process | |
709 This function returns the exit status of @var{process} or the signal | |
710 number that killed it. (Use the result of @code{process-status} to | |
711 determine which of those it is.) If @var{process} has not yet | |
712 terminated, the value is 0. | |
713 @end defun | |
714 | |
12067 | 715 @defun process-tty-name process |
716 This function returns the terminal name that @var{process} is using for | |
717 its communication with Emacs---or @code{nil} if it is using pipes | |
718 instead of a terminal (see @code{process-connection-type} in | |
719 @ref{Asynchronous Processes}). | |
720 @end defun | |
721 | |
56215 | 722 @defun process-coding-system process |
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723 @anchor{Coding systems for a subprocess} |
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724 This function returns a cons cell describing the coding systems in use |
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725 for decoding output from @var{process} and for encoding input to |
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726 @var{process} (@pxref{Coding Systems}). The value has this form: |
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727 |
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728 @example |
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729 (@var{coding-system-for-decoding} . @var{coding-system-for-encoding}) |
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730 @end example |
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731 @end defun |
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732 |
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733 @defun set-process-coding-system process &optional decoding-system encoding-system |
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734 This function specifies the coding systems to use for subsequent output |
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735 from and input to @var{process}. It will use @var{decoding-system} to |
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736 decode subprocess output, and @var{encoding-system} to encode subprocess |
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737 input. |
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738 @end defun |
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739 |
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740 Every process also has a property list that you can use to store |
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741 miscellaneous values associated with the process. |
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742 |
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743 @defun process-get process propname |
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744 This function returns the value of the @var{propname} property |
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745 of @var{process}. |
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746 @end defun |
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747 |
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748 @defun process-put process propname value |
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749 This function sets the value of the @var{propname} property |
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750 of @var{process} to @var{value}. |
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751 @end defun |
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752 |
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753 @defun process-plist process |
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754 This function returns the process plist of @var{process}. |
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755 @end defun |
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756 |
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757 @defun set-process-plist process plist |
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758 This function sets the process plist of @var{process} to @var{plist}. |
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759 @end defun |
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760 |
6558 | 761 @node Input to Processes |
762 @section Sending Input to Processes | |
763 @cindex process input | |
764 | |
765 Asynchronous subprocesses receive input when it is sent to them by | |
766 Emacs, which is done with the functions in this section. You must | |
767 specify the process to send input to, and the input data to send. The | |
768 data appears on the ``standard input'' of the subprocess. | |
769 | |
770 Some operating systems have limited space for buffered input in a | |
63560 | 771 @acronym{PTY}. On these systems, Emacs sends an @acronym{EOF} |
772 periodically amidst the other characters, to force them through. For | |
773 most programs, these @acronym{EOF}s do no harm. | |
6558 | 774 |
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775 Subprocess input is normally encoded using a coding system before the |
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776 subprocess receives it, much like text written into a file. You can use |
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777 @code{set-process-coding-system} to specify which coding system to use |
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778 (@pxref{Process Information}). Otherwise, the coding system comes from |
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779 @code{coding-system-for-write}, if that is non-@code{nil}; or else from |
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780 the defaulting mechanism (@pxref{Default Coding Systems}). |
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781 |
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782 Sometimes the system is unable to accept input for that process, |
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783 because the input buffer is full. When this happens, the send functions |
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784 wait a short while, accepting output from subprocesses, and then try |
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785 again. This gives the subprocess a chance to read more of its pending |
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786 input and make space in the buffer. It also allows filters, sentinels |
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787 and timers to run---so take account of that in writing your code. |
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788 |
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789 In these functions, the @var{process} argument can be a process or |
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790 the name of a process, or a buffer or buffer name (which stands |
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791 for a process via @code{get-buffer-process}). @code{nil} means |
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792 the current buffer's process. |
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793 |
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794 @defun process-send-string process string |
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795 This function sends @var{process} the contents of @var{string} as |
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796 standard input. If it is @code{nil}, the current buffer's process is used. |
6558 | 797 |
798 The function returns @code{nil}. | |
799 | |
800 @smallexample | |
801 @group | |
802 (process-send-string "shell<1>" "ls\n") | |
803 @result{} nil | |
804 @end group | |
805 | |
806 | |
807 @group | |
808 ---------- Buffer: *shell* ---------- | |
809 ... | |
810 introduction.texi syntax-tables.texi~ | |
811 introduction.texi~ text.texi | |
812 introduction.txt text.texi~ | |
813 ... | |
814 ---------- Buffer: *shell* ---------- | |
815 @end group | |
816 @end smallexample | |
817 @end defun | |
818 | |
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819 @defun process-send-region process start end |
6558 | 820 This function sends the text in the region defined by @var{start} and |
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821 @var{end} as standard input to @var{process}. |
6558 | 822 |
823 An error is signaled unless both @var{start} and @var{end} are | |
824 integers or markers that indicate positions in the current buffer. (It | |
825 is unimportant which number is larger.) | |
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826 @end defun |
6558 | 827 |
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828 @defun process-send-eof &optional process |
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829 This function makes @var{process} see an end-of-file in its |
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830 input. The @acronym{EOF} comes after any text already sent to it. |
6558 | 831 |
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832 The function returns @var{process}. |
6558 | 833 |
834 @smallexample | |
835 @group | |
836 (process-send-eof "shell") | |
837 @result{} "shell" | |
838 @end group | |
839 @end smallexample | |
840 @end defun | |
841 | |
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842 @defun process-running-child-p process |
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843 @tindex process-running-child-p process |
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844 This function will tell you whether a subprocess has given control of |
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845 its terminal to its own child process. The value is @code{t} if this is |
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846 true, or if Emacs cannot tell; it is @code{nil} if Emacs can be certain |
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847 that this is not so. |
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848 @end defun |
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849 |
6558 | 850 @node Signals to Processes |
851 @section Sending Signals to Processes | |
852 @cindex process signals | |
853 @cindex sending signals | |
854 @cindex signals | |
855 | |
856 @dfn{Sending a signal} to a subprocess is a way of interrupting its | |
857 activities. There are several different signals, each with its own | |
858 meaning. The set of signals and their names is defined by the operating | |
859 system. For example, the signal @code{SIGINT} means that the user has | |
860 typed @kbd{C-c}, or that some analogous thing has happened. | |
861 | |
862 Each signal has a standard effect on the subprocess. Most signals | |
863 kill the subprocess, but some stop or resume execution instead. Most | |
864 signals can optionally be handled by programs; if the program handles | |
865 the signal, then we can say nothing in general about its effects. | |
866 | |
867 You can send signals explicitly by calling the functions in this | |
868 section. Emacs also sends signals automatically at certain times: | |
869 killing a buffer sends a @code{SIGHUP} signal to all its associated | |
870 processes; killing Emacs sends a @code{SIGHUP} signal to all remaining | |
871 processes. (@code{SIGHUP} is a signal that usually indicates that the | |
872 user hung up the phone.) | |
873 | |
874 Each of the signal-sending functions takes two optional arguments: | |
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875 @var{process} and @var{current-group}. |
6558 | 876 |
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877 The argument @var{process} must be either a process, a process |
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878 name, a buffer, a buffer name, or @code{nil}. A buffer or buffer name |
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879 stands for a process through @code{get-buffer-process}. @code{nil} |
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880 stands for the process associated with the current buffer. An error |
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881 is signaled if @var{process} does not identify a process. |
6558 | 882 |
883 The argument @var{current-group} is a flag that makes a difference | |
884 when you are running a job-control shell as an Emacs subprocess. If it | |
885 is non-@code{nil}, then the signal is sent to the current process-group | |
9009 | 886 of the terminal that Emacs uses to communicate with the subprocess. If |
6558 | 887 the process is a job-control shell, this means the shell's current |
888 subjob. If it is @code{nil}, the signal is sent to the process group of | |
889 the immediate subprocess of Emacs. If the subprocess is a job-control | |
890 shell, this is the shell itself. | |
891 | |
892 The flag @var{current-group} has no effect when a pipe is used to | |
893 communicate with the subprocess, because the operating system does not | |
894 support the distinction in the case of pipes. For the same reason, | |
895 job-control shells won't work when a pipe is used. See | |
896 @code{process-connection-type} in @ref{Asynchronous Processes}. | |
897 | |
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898 @defun interrupt-process &optional process current-group |
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899 This function interrupts the process @var{process} by sending the |
6558 | 900 signal @code{SIGINT}. Outside of Emacs, typing the ``interrupt |
901 character'' (normally @kbd{C-c} on some systems, and @code{DEL} on | |
902 others) sends this signal. When the argument @var{current-group} is | |
903 non-@code{nil}, you can think of this function as ``typing @kbd{C-c}'' | |
904 on the terminal by which Emacs talks to the subprocess. | |
905 @end defun | |
906 | |
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907 @defun kill-process &optional process current-group |
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908 This function kills the process @var{process} by sending the |
6558 | 909 signal @code{SIGKILL}. This signal kills the subprocess immediately, |
910 and cannot be handled by the subprocess. | |
911 @end defun | |
912 | |
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913 @defun quit-process &optional process current-group |
6558 | 914 This function sends the signal @code{SIGQUIT} to the process |
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|
915 @var{process}. This signal is the one sent by the ``quit |
6558 | 916 character'' (usually @kbd{C-b} or @kbd{C-\}) when you are not inside |
917 Emacs. | |
918 @end defun | |
919 | |
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920 @defun stop-process &optional process current-group |
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921 This function stops the process @var{process} by sending the |
6558 | 922 signal @code{SIGTSTP}. Use @code{continue-process} to resume its |
923 execution. | |
924 | |
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925 Outside of Emacs, on systems with job control, the ``stop character'' |
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926 (usually @kbd{C-z}) normally sends this signal. When |
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927 @var{current-group} is non-@code{nil}, you can think of this function as |
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928 ``typing @kbd{C-z}'' on the terminal Emacs uses to communicate with the |
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929 subprocess. |
6558 | 930 @end defun |
931 | |
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932 @defun continue-process &optional process current-group |
6558 | 933 This function resumes execution of the process @var{process} by sending |
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934 it the signal @code{SIGCONT}. This presumes that @var{process} was |
6558 | 935 stopped previously. |
936 @end defun | |
937 | |
938 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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939 @defun signal-process process signal |
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940 This function sends a signal to process @var{process}. The argument |
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941 @var{signal} specifies which signal to send; it should be an integer. |
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942 |
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943 The @var{process} argument can be a system process @acronym{ID}; that |
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944 allows you to send signals to processes that are not children of |
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945 Emacs. |
6558 | 946 @end defun |
947 | |
948 @node Output from Processes | |
949 @section Receiving Output from Processes | |
950 @cindex process output | |
951 @cindex output from processes | |
952 | |
953 There are two ways to receive the output that a subprocess writes to | |
954 its standard output stream. The output can be inserted in a buffer, | |
955 which is called the associated buffer of the process, or a function | |
9009 | 956 called the @dfn{filter function} can be called to act on the output. If |
957 the process has no buffer and no filter function, its output is | |
958 discarded. | |
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959 |
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960 When a subprocess terminates, Emacs reads any pending output, |
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961 then stops reading output from that subprocess. Therefore, if the |
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962 subprocess has children that are still live and still producing |
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963 output, Emacs won't receive that output. |
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964 |
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965 Output from a subprocess can arrive only while Emacs is waiting: when |
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966 reading terminal input, in @code{sit-for} and @code{sleep-for} |
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967 (@pxref{Waiting}), and in @code{accept-process-output} (@pxref{Accepting |
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968 Output}). This minimizes the problem of timing errors that usually |
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969 plague parallel programming. For example, you can safely create a |
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970 process and only then specify its buffer or filter function; no output |
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971 can arrive before you finish, if the code in between does not call any |
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972 primitive that waits. |
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973 |
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974 @defvar process-adaptive-read-buffering |
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975 On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the |
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976 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in |
63560 | 977 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent |
56704
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978 by setting the variable @var{process-adaptive-read-buffering} to a |
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979 non-@code{nil} value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading |
56704
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980 from such processes, thus allowing them to produce more output before |
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|
981 Emacs tries to read it. |
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982 @end defvar |
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983 |
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984 It is impossible to separate the standard output and standard error |
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985 streams of the subprocess, because Emacs normally spawns the subprocess |
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986 inside a pseudo-TTY, and a pseudo-TTY has only one output channel. If |
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987 you want to keep the output to those streams separate, you should |
54916 | 988 redirect one of them to a file---for example, by using an appropriate |
27259
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989 shell command. |
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990 |
6558 | 991 @menu |
51993
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992 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer. |
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993 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process. |
51994 | 994 * Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings. |
51993
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995 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives. |
6558 | 996 @end menu |
997 | |
998 @node Process Buffers | |
999 @subsection Process Buffers | |
1000 | |
1001 A process can (and usually does) have an @dfn{associated buffer}, | |
1002 which is an ordinary Emacs buffer that is used for two purposes: storing | |
1003 the output from the process, and deciding when to kill the process. You | |
1004 can also use the buffer to identify a process to operate on, since in | |
1005 normal practice only one process is associated with any given buffer. | |
1006 Many applications of processes also use the buffer for editing input to | |
1007 be sent to the process, but this is not built into Emacs Lisp. | |
1008 | |
1009 Unless the process has a filter function (@pxref{Filter Functions}), | |
1010 its output is inserted in the associated buffer. The position to insert | |
9009 | 1011 the output is determined by the @code{process-mark}, which is then |
1012 updated to point to the end of the text just inserted. Usually, but not | |
1013 always, the @code{process-mark} is at the end of the buffer. | |
6558 | 1014 |
1015 @defun process-buffer process | |
1016 This function returns the associated buffer of the process | |
1017 @var{process}. | |
1018 | |
1019 @smallexample | |
1020 @group | |
1021 (process-buffer (get-process "shell")) | |
1022 @result{} #<buffer *shell*> | |
1023 @end group | |
1024 @end smallexample | |
1025 @end defun | |
1026 | |
1027 @defun process-mark process | |
1028 This function returns the process marker for @var{process}, which is the | |
1029 marker that says where to insert output from the process. | |
1030 | |
1031 If @var{process} does not have a buffer, @code{process-mark} returns a | |
1032 marker that points nowhere. | |
1033 | |
1034 Insertion of process output in a buffer uses this marker to decide where | |
1035 to insert, and updates it to point after the inserted text. That is why | |
1036 successive batches of output are inserted consecutively. | |
1037 | |
1038 Filter functions normally should use this marker in the same fashion | |
1039 as is done by direct insertion of output in the buffer. A good | |
1040 example of a filter function that uses @code{process-mark} is found at | |
1041 the end of the following section. | |
1042 | |
1043 When the user is expected to enter input in the process buffer for | |
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1044 transmission to the process, the process marker separates the new input |
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1045 from previous output. |
6558 | 1046 @end defun |
1047 | |
1048 @defun set-process-buffer process buffer | |
1049 This function sets the buffer associated with @var{process} to | |
1050 @var{buffer}. If @var{buffer} is @code{nil}, the process becomes | |
1051 associated with no buffer. | |
1052 @end defun | |
1053 | |
1054 @defun get-buffer-process buffer-or-name | |
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1055 This function returns a nondeleted process associated with the buffer |
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1056 specified by @var{buffer-or-name}. If there are several processes |
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1057 associated with it, this function chooses one (currently, the one most |
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1058 recently created, but don't count on that). Deletion of a process |
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1059 (see @code{delete-process}) makes it ineligible for this function to |
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1060 return. |
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1061 |
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1062 It is usually a bad idea to have more than one process associated with |
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1063 the same buffer. |
6558 | 1064 |
1065 @smallexample | |
1066 @group | |
1067 (get-buffer-process "*shell*") | |
1068 @result{} #<process shell> | |
1069 @end group | |
1070 @end smallexample | |
1071 | |
1072 Killing the process's buffer deletes the process, which kills the | |
1073 subprocess with a @code{SIGHUP} signal (@pxref{Signals to Processes}). | |
1074 @end defun | |
1075 | |
1076 @node Filter Functions | |
1077 @subsection Process Filter Functions | |
1078 @cindex filter function | |
1079 @cindex process filter | |
1080 | |
1081 A process @dfn{filter function} is a function that receives the | |
1082 standard output from the associated process. If a process has a filter, | |
9009 | 1083 then @emph{all} output from that process is passed to the filter. The |
1084 process buffer is used directly for output from the process only when | |
1085 there is no filter. | |
6558 | 1086 |
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1087 The filter function can only be called when Emacs is waiting for |
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1088 something, because process output arrives only at such times. Emacs |
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1089 waits when reading terminal input, in @code{sit-for} and |
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1090 @code{sleep-for} (@pxref{Waiting}), and in @code{accept-process-output} |
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1091 (@pxref{Accepting Output}). |
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1092 |
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1093 A filter function must accept two arguments: the associated process |
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1094 and a string, which is output just received from it. The function is |
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1095 then free to do whatever it chooses with the output. |
6558 | 1096 |
1097 Quitting is normally inhibited within a filter function---otherwise, | |
1098 the effect of typing @kbd{C-g} at command level or to quit a user | |
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1099 command would be unpredictable. If you want to permit quitting inside |
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1100 a filter function, bind @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{nil}. In most |
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1101 cases, the right way to do this is with the macro |
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1102 @code{with-local-quit}. @xref{Quitting}. |
6558 | 1103 |
12067 | 1104 If an error happens during execution of a filter function, it is |
1105 caught automatically, so that it doesn't stop the execution of whatever | |
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1106 program was running when the filter function was started. However, if |
12067 | 1107 @code{debug-on-error} is non-@code{nil}, the error-catching is turned |
1108 off. This makes it possible to use the Lisp debugger to debug the | |
1109 filter function. @xref{Debugger}. | |
1110 | |
6558 | 1111 Many filter functions sometimes or always insert the text in the |
1112 process's buffer, mimicking the actions of Emacs when there is no | |
1113 filter. Such filter functions need to use @code{set-buffer} in order to | |
1114 be sure to insert in that buffer. To avoid setting the current buffer | |
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1115 semipermanently, these filter functions must save and restore the |
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1116 current buffer. They should also update the process marker, and in some |
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1117 cases update the value of point. Here is how to do these things: |
6558 | 1118 |
1119 @smallexample | |
1120 @group | |
1121 (defun ordinary-insertion-filter (proc string) | |
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1122 (with-current-buffer (process-buffer proc) |
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1123 (let ((moving (= (point) (process-mark proc)))) |
6558 | 1124 @end group |
1125 @group | |
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1126 (save-excursion |
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1127 ;; @r{Insert the text, advancing the process marker.} |
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1128 (goto-char (process-mark proc)) |
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1129 (insert string) |
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1130 (set-marker (process-mark proc) (point))) |
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1131 (if moving (goto-char (process-mark proc)))))) |
6558 | 1132 @end group |
1133 @end smallexample | |
1134 | |
1135 @noindent | |
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1136 The reason to use @code{with-current-buffer}, rather than using |
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1137 @code{save-excursion} to save and restore the current buffer, is so as |
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1138 to preserve the change in point made by the second call to |
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1139 @code{goto-char}. |
6558 | 1140 |
1141 To make the filter force the process buffer to be visible whenever new | |
1142 text arrives, insert the following line just before the | |
21007
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1143 @code{with-current-buffer} construct: |
6558 | 1144 |
1145 @smallexample | |
1146 (display-buffer (process-buffer proc)) | |
1147 @end smallexample | |
1148 | |
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1149 To force point to the end of the new output, no matter where it was |
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1150 previously, eliminate the variable @code{moving} and call |
6558 | 1151 @code{goto-char} unconditionally. |
1152 | |
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1153 In earlier Emacs versions, every filter function that did regular |
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1154 expression searching or matching had to explicitly save and restore the |
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1155 match data. Now Emacs does this automatically for filter functions; |
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1156 they never need to do it explicitly. @xref{Match Data}. |
6558 | 1157 |
1158 A filter function that writes the output into the buffer of the | |
12098 | 1159 process should check whether the buffer is still alive. If it tries to |
21007
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1160 insert into a dead buffer, it will get an error. The expression |
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1161 @code{(buffer-name (process-buffer @var{process}))} returns @code{nil} |
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1162 if the buffer is dead. |
6558 | 1163 |
1164 The output to the function may come in chunks of any size. A program | |
21007
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1165 that produces the same output twice in a row may send it as one batch of |
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1166 200 characters one time, and five batches of 40 characters the next. If |
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1167 the filter looks for certain text strings in the subprocess output, make |
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1168 sure to handle the case where one of these strings is split across two |
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1169 or more batches of output. |
6558 | 1170 |
1171 @defun set-process-filter process filter | |
1172 This function gives @var{process} the filter function @var{filter}. If | |
1173 @var{filter} is @code{nil}, it gives the process no filter. | |
1174 @end defun | |
1175 | |
1176 @defun process-filter process | |
1177 This function returns the filter function of @var{process}, or @code{nil} | |
1178 if it has none. | |
1179 @end defun | |
1180 | |
1181 Here is an example of use of a filter function: | |
1182 | |
1183 @smallexample | |
1184 @group | |
1185 (defun keep-output (process output) | |
1186 (setq kept (cons output kept))) | |
1187 @result{} keep-output | |
1188 @end group | |
1189 @group | |
1190 (setq kept nil) | |
1191 @result{} nil | |
1192 @end group | |
1193 @group | |
1194 (set-process-filter (get-process "shell") 'keep-output) | |
1195 @result{} keep-output | |
1196 @end group | |
1197 @group | |
1198 (process-send-string "shell" "ls ~/other\n") | |
1199 @result{} nil | |
1200 kept | |
1201 @result{} ("lewis@@slug[8] % " | |
1202 @end group | |
1203 @group | |
1204 "FINAL-W87-SHORT.MSS backup.otl kolstad.mss~ | |
1205 address.txt backup.psf kolstad.psf | |
1206 backup.bib~ david.mss resume-Dec-86.mss~ | |
1207 backup.err david.psf resume-Dec.psf | |
1208 backup.mss dland syllabus.mss | |
1209 " | |
1210 "#backups.mss# backup.mss~ kolstad.mss | |
1211 ") | |
1212 @end group | |
1213 @end smallexample | |
1214 | |
1215 @ignore @c The code in this example doesn't show the right way to do things. | |
1216 Here is another, more realistic example, which demonstrates how to use | |
1217 the process mark to do insertion in the same fashion as is done when | |
1218 there is no filter function: | |
1219 | |
1220 @smallexample | |
1221 @group | |
1222 ;; @r{Insert input in the buffer specified by @code{my-shell-buffer}} | |
1223 ;; @r{and make sure that buffer is shown in some window.} | |
1224 (defun my-process-filter (proc str) | |
21007
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1225 (let ((cur (selected-window)) |
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1226 (pop-up-windows t)) |
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1227 (pop-to-buffer my-shell-buffer) |
6558 | 1228 @end group |
1229 @group | |
21007
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1230 (goto-char (point-max)) |
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1231 (insert str) |
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1232 (set-marker (process-mark proc) (point-max)) |
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1233 (select-window cur))) |
6558 | 1234 @end group |
1235 @end smallexample | |
1236 @end ignore | |
1237 | |
51993
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1238 @node Decoding Output |
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1239 @subsection Decoding Process Output |
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1240 |
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1241 When Emacs writes process output directly into a multibyte buffer, |
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1242 it decodes the output according to the process output coding system. |
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1243 If the coding system is @code{raw-text} or @code{no-conversion}, Emacs |
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1244 converts the unibyte output to multibyte using |
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1245 @code{string-to-multibyte}, and inserts the resulting multibyte text. |
51993
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1246 |
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1247 You can use @code{set-process-coding-system} to specify which coding |
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1248 system to use (@pxref{Process Information}). Otherwise, the coding |
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1249 system comes from @code{coding-system-for-read}, if that is |
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|
1250 non-@code{nil}; or else from the defaulting mechanism (@pxref{Default |
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1251 Coding Systems}). |
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1252 |
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|
1253 @strong{Warning:} Coding systems such as @code{undecided} which |
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|
1254 determine the coding system from the data do not work entirely |
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|
1255 reliably with asynchronous subprocess output. This is because Emacs |
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1256 has to process asynchronous subprocess output in batches, as it |
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|
1257 arrives. Emacs must try to detect the proper coding system from one |
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|
1258 batch at a time, and this does not always work. Therefore, if at all |
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1259 possible, specify a coding system that determines both the character |
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|
1260 code conversion and the end of line conversion---that is, one like |
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1261 @code{latin-1-unix}, rather than @code{undecided} or @code{latin-1}. |
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1262 |
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|
1263 @cindex filter multibyte flag, of process |
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|
1264 @cindex process filter multibyte flag |
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|
1265 When Emacs calls a process filter function, it provides the process |
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|
1266 output as a multibyte string or as a unibyte string according to the |
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|
1267 process's filter multibyte flag. If the flag is non-@code{nil}, Emacs |
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|
1268 decodes the output according to the process output coding system to |
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|
1269 produce a multibyte string, and passes that to the process. If the |
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1270 flag is @code{nil}, Emacs puts the output into a unibyte string, with |
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|
1271 no decoding, and passes that. |
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1272 |
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1273 When you create a process, the filter multibyte flag takes its |
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1274 initial value from @code{default-enable-multibyte-characters}. If you |
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1275 want to change the flag later on, use |
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1276 @code{set-process-filter-multibyte}. |
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1277 |
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1278 @defun set-process-filter-multibyte process multibyte |
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1279 This function sets the filter multibyte flag of @var{process} |
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1280 to @var{multibyte}. |
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1281 @end defun |
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1282 |
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1283 @defun process-filter-multibyte-p process |
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1284 This function returns the filter multibyte flag of @var{process}. |
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1285 @end defun |
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1286 |
6558 | 1287 @node Accepting Output |
1288 @subsection Accepting Output from Processes | |
1289 | |
1290 Output from asynchronous subprocesses normally arrives only while | |
1291 Emacs is waiting for some sort of external event, such as elapsed time | |
1292 or terminal input. Occasionally it is useful in a Lisp program to | |
1293 explicitly permit output to arrive at a specific point, or even to wait | |
1294 until output arrives from a process. | |
1295 | |
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1296 @defun accept-process-output &optional process seconds millisec just-this-one |
6558 | 1297 This function allows Emacs to read pending output from processes. The |
1298 output is inserted in the associated buffers or given to their filter | |
1299 functions. If @var{process} is non-@code{nil} then this function does | |
1300 not return until some output has been received from @var{process}. | |
1301 | |
1302 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1303 The arguments @var{seconds} and @var{millisec} let you specify timeout | |
1304 periods. The former specifies a period measured in seconds and the | |
1305 latter specifies one measured in milliseconds. The two time periods | |
1306 thus specified are added together, and @code{accept-process-output} | |
1307 returns after that much time whether or not there has been any | |
1308 subprocess output. | |
1309 | |
12098 | 1310 The argument @var{seconds} need not be an integer. If it is a floating |
1311 point number, this function waits for a fractional number of seconds. | |
1312 Some systems support only a whole number of seconds; on these systems, | |
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1313 @var{seconds} is rounded down. |
12098 | 1314 |
6558 | 1315 Not all operating systems support waiting periods other than multiples |
1316 of a second; on those that do not, you get an error if you specify | |
1317 nonzero @var{millisec}. | |
1318 | |
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1319 @c Emacs 22.1 feature |
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1320 If @var{process} is a process, and the argument @var{just-this-one} is |
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1321 non-@code{nil}, only output from that process is handled, suspending output |
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|
1322 from other processes until some output has been received from that |
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1323 process or the timeout expires. If @var{just-this-one} is an integer, |
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|
1324 also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not |
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|
1325 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as |
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|
1326 speech synthesis. |
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|
1327 |
6558 | 1328 The function @code{accept-process-output} returns non-@code{nil} if it |
1329 did get some output, or @code{nil} if the timeout expired before output | |
1330 arrived. | |
1331 @end defun | |
1332 | |
1333 @node Sentinels | |
1334 @section Sentinels: Detecting Process Status Changes | |
1335 @cindex process sentinel | |
1336 @cindex sentinel | |
1337 | |
1338 A @dfn{process sentinel} is a function that is called whenever the | |
1339 associated process changes status for any reason, including signals | |
1340 (whether sent by Emacs or caused by the process's own actions) that | |
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|
1341 terminate, stop, or continue the process. The process sentinel is |
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|
1342 also called if the process exits. The sentinel receives two |
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|
1343 arguments: the process for which the event occurred, and a string |
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|
1344 describing the type of event. |
6558 | 1345 |
1346 The string describing the event looks like one of the following: | |
1347 | |
1348 @itemize @bullet | |
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1349 @item |
6558 | 1350 @code{"finished\n"}. |
1351 | |
1352 @item | |
1353 @code{"exited abnormally with code @var{exitcode}\n"}. | |
1354 | |
1355 @item | |
1356 @code{"@var{name-of-signal}\n"}. | |
1357 | |
1358 @item | |
1359 @code{"@var{name-of-signal} (core dumped)\n"}. | |
1360 @end itemize | |
1361 | |
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1362 A sentinel runs only while Emacs is waiting (e.g., for terminal |
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1363 input, or for time to elapse, or for process output). This avoids the |
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1364 timing errors that could result from running them at random places in |
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1365 the middle of other Lisp programs. A program can wait, so that |
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1366 sentinels will run, by calling @code{sit-for} or @code{sleep-for} |
9009 | 1367 (@pxref{Waiting}), or @code{accept-process-output} (@pxref{Accepting |
22138
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1368 Output}). Emacs also allows sentinels to run when the command loop is |
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1369 reading input. @code{delete-process} calls the sentinel when it |
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1370 terminates a running process. |
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1371 |
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1372 Emacs does not keep a queue of multiple reasons to call the sentinel |
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1373 of one process; it records just the current status and the fact that |
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1374 there has been a change. Therefore two changes in status, coming in |
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1375 quick succession, can call the sentinel just once. However, process |
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1376 termination will always run the sentinel exactly once. This is |
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1377 because the process status can't change again after termination. |
6558 | 1378 |
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1379 Emacs explicitly checks for output from the process before running |
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1380 the process sentinel. Once the sentinel runs due to process |
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1381 termination, no further output can arrive from the process. |
6558 | 1382 |
1383 A sentinel that writes the output into the buffer of the process | |
12098 | 1384 should check whether the buffer is still alive. If it tries to insert |
6558 | 1385 into a dead buffer, it will get an error. If the buffer is dead, |
1386 @code{(buffer-name (process-buffer @var{process}))} returns @code{nil}. | |
1387 | |
66152
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1388 Quitting is normally inhibited within a sentinel---otherwise, the |
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1389 effect of typing @kbd{C-g} at command level or to quit a user command |
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1390 would be unpredictable. If you want to permit quitting inside a |
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1391 sentinel, bind @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{nil}. In most cases, the |
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1392 right way to do this is with the macro @code{with-local-quit}. |
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1393 @xref{Quitting}. |
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1394 |
12067 | 1395 If an error happens during execution of a sentinel, it is caught |
1396 automatically, so that it doesn't stop the execution of whatever | |
1397 programs was running when the sentinel was started. However, if | |
1398 @code{debug-on-error} is non-@code{nil}, the error-catching is turned | |
1399 off. This makes it possible to use the Lisp debugger to debug the | |
1400 sentinel. @xref{Debugger}. | |
1401 | |
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1402 While a sentinel is running, the process sentinel is temporarily |
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1403 set to @code{nil} so that the sentinel won't run recursively. |
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1404 For this reason it is not possible for a sentinel to specify |
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1405 a new sentinel. |
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1406 |
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1407 In earlier Emacs versions, every sentinel that did regular expression |
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1408 searching or matching had to explicitly save and restore the match data. |
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1409 Now Emacs does this automatically for sentinels; they never need to do |
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1410 it explicitly. @xref{Match Data}. |
12098 | 1411 |
6558 | 1412 @defun set-process-sentinel process sentinel |
1413 This function associates @var{sentinel} with @var{process}. If | |
1414 @var{sentinel} is @code{nil}, then the process will have no sentinel. | |
1415 The default behavior when there is no sentinel is to insert a message in | |
1416 the process's buffer when the process status changes. | |
1417 | |
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1418 Changes in process sentinel take effect immediately---if the sentinel |
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1419 is slated to be run but has not been called yet, and you specify a new |
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1420 sentinel, the eventual call to the sentinel will use the new one. |
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1421 |
6558 | 1422 @smallexample |
1423 @group | |
1424 (defun msg-me (process event) | |
1425 (princ | |
1426 (format "Process: %s had the event `%s'" process event))) | |
1427 (set-process-sentinel (get-process "shell") 'msg-me) | |
1428 @result{} msg-me | |
1429 @end group | |
1430 @group | |
1431 (kill-process (get-process "shell")) | |
1432 @print{} Process: #<process shell> had the event `killed' | |
1433 @result{} #<process shell> | |
1434 @end group | |
1435 @end smallexample | |
1436 @end defun | |
1437 | |
1438 @defun process-sentinel process | |
1439 This function returns the sentinel of @var{process}, or @code{nil} if it | |
1440 has none. | |
1441 @end defun | |
1442 | |
1443 @defun waiting-for-user-input-p | |
1444 While a sentinel or filter function is running, this function returns | |
1445 non-@code{nil} if Emacs was waiting for keyboard input from the user at | |
1446 the time the sentinel or filter function was called, @code{nil} if it | |
1447 was not. | |
1448 @end defun | |
1449 | |
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1450 @node Query Before Exit |
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1451 @section Querying Before Exit |
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1452 |
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1453 When Emacs exits, it terminates all its subprocesses by sending them |
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1454 the @code{SIGHUP} signal. Because subprocesses may be doing |
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1455 valuable work, Emacs normally asks the user to confirm that it is ok |
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1456 to terminate them. Each process has a query flag which, if |
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1457 non-@code{nil}, says that Emacs should ask for confirmation before |
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1458 exiting and thus killing that process. The default for the query flag |
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1459 is @code{t}, meaning @emph{do} query. |
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1460 |
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1461 @tindex process-query-on-exit-flag |
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1462 @defun process-query-on-exit-flag process |
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1463 This returns the query flag of @var{process}. |
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1464 @end defun |
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1465 |
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1466 @tindex set-process-query-on-exit-flag |
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1467 @defun set-process-query-on-exit-flag process flag |
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1468 This function sets the query flag of @var{process} to @var{flag}. It |
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1469 returns @var{flag}. |
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1470 |
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1471 @smallexample |
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1472 @group |
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1473 ;; @r{Don't query about the shell process} |
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1474 (set-process-query-on-exit-flag (get-process "shell") nil) |
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1475 @result{} t |
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1476 @end group |
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1477 @end smallexample |
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1478 @end defun |
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1479 |
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1480 @defun process-kill-without-query process &optional do-query |
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1481 This function clears the query flag of @var{process}, so that |
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1482 Emacs will not query the user on account of that process. |
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1483 |
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1484 Actually, the function does more than that: it returns the old value of |
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1485 the process's query flag, and sets the query flag to @var{do-query}. |
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1486 Please don't use this function to do those things any more---please |
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1487 use the newer, cleaner functions @code{process-query-on-exit-flag} and |
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1488 @code{set-process-query-on-exit-flag} in all but the simplest cases. |
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1489 The only way you should use @code{process-kill-without-query} nowadays |
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|
1490 is like this: |
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1491 |
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|
1492 @smallexample |
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|
1493 @group |
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1494 ;; @r{Don't query about the shell process} |
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1495 (process-kill-without-query (get-process "shell")) |
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1496 @end group |
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|
1497 @end smallexample |
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1498 @end defun |
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|
1499 |
6558 | 1500 @node Transaction Queues |
1501 @section Transaction Queues | |
1502 @cindex transaction queue | |
1503 | |
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1504 You can use a @dfn{transaction queue} to communicate with a subprocess |
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1505 using transactions. First use @code{tq-create} to create a transaction |
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1506 queue communicating with a specified process. Then you can call |
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1507 @code{tq-enqueue} to send a transaction. |
6558 | 1508 |
1509 @defun tq-create process | |
1510 This function creates and returns a transaction queue communicating with | |
1511 @var{process}. The argument @var{process} should be a subprocess | |
1512 capable of sending and receiving streams of bytes. It may be a child | |
9009 | 1513 process, or it may be a TCP connection to a server, possibly on another |
6558 | 1514 machine. |
1515 @end defun | |
1516 | |
1517 @defun tq-enqueue queue question regexp closure fn | |
1518 This function sends a transaction to queue @var{queue}. Specifying the | |
1519 queue has the effect of specifying the subprocess to talk to. | |
1520 | |
9009 | 1521 The argument @var{question} is the outgoing message that starts the |
6558 | 1522 transaction. The argument @var{fn} is the function to call when the |
1523 corresponding answer comes back; it is called with two arguments: | |
1524 @var{closure}, and the answer received. | |
1525 | |
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|
1526 The argument @var{regexp} is a regular expression that should match |
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|
1527 text at the end of the entire answer, but nothing before; that's how |
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|
1528 @code{tq-enqueue} determines where the answer ends. |
6558 | 1529 |
1530 The return value of @code{tq-enqueue} itself is not meaningful. | |
1531 @end defun | |
1532 | |
1533 @defun tq-close queue | |
1534 Shut down transaction queue @var{queue}, waiting for all pending transactions | |
1535 to complete, and then terminate the connection or child process. | |
1536 @end defun | |
1537 | |
1538 Transaction queues are implemented by means of a filter function. | |
1539 @xref{Filter Functions}. | |
1540 | |
12098 | 1541 @node Network |
1542 @section Network Connections | |
1543 @cindex network connection | |
6558 | 1544 @cindex TCP |
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|
1545 @cindex UDP |
6558 | 1546 |
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|
1547 Emacs Lisp programs can open stream (TCP) and datagram (UDP) network |
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|
1548 connections to other processes on the same machine or other machines. |
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|
1549 A network connection is handled by Lisp much like a subprocess, and is |
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|
1550 represented by a process object. However, the process you are |
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|
1551 communicating with is not a child of the Emacs process, so it has no |
52978
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Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
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|
1552 process @acronym{ID}, and you can't kill it or send it signals. All you |
52542
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|
1553 can do is send and receive data. @code{delete-process} closes the |
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|
1554 connection, but does not kill the program at the other end; that |
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|
1555 program must decide what to do about closure of the connection. |
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|
1556 |
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|
1557 Lisp programs can listen for connections by creating network |
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|
1558 servers. A network server is also represented by a kind of process |
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|
1559 object, but unlike a network connection, the network server never |
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|
1560 transfers data itself. When it receives a connection request, it |
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1561 creates a new network connection to represent the connection just |
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1562 made. (The network connection inherits certain information, including |
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1563 the process plist, from the server.) The network server then goes |
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1564 back to listening for more connection requests. |
6558 | 1565 |
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1566 Network connections and servers are created by calling |
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(Network): Introduce make-network-process.
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|
1567 @code{make-network-process} with an argument list consisting of |
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1568 keyword/argument pairs, for example @code{:server t} to create a |
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1569 server process, or @code{:type 'datagram} to create a datagram |
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1570 connection. @xref{Low-Level Network}, for details. You can also use |
63560 | 1571 the @code{open-network-stream} function described below. |
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|
1572 |
6558 | 1573 You can distinguish process objects representing network connections |
52542
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1574 and servers from those representing subprocesses with the |
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|
1575 @code{process-status} function. The possible status values for |
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1576 network connections are @code{open}, @code{closed}, @code{connect}, |
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|
1577 and @code{failed}. For a network server, the status is always |
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|
1578 @code{listen}. None of those values is possible for a real |
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|
1579 subprocess. @xref{Process Information}. |
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1580 |
54265 | 1581 You can stop and resume operation of a network process by calling |
52542
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|
1582 @code{stop-process} and @code{continue-process}. For a server |
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1583 process, being stopped means not accepting new connections. (Up to 5 |
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1584 connection requests will be queued for when you resume the server; you |
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1585 can increase this limit, unless it is imposed by the operating |
64720 | 1586 system.) For a network stream connection, being stopped means not |
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|
1587 processing input (any arriving input waits until you resume the |
52695
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|
1588 connection). For a datagram connection, some number of packets may be |
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|
1589 queued but input may be lost. You can use the function |
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|
1590 @code{process-command} to determine whether a network connection or |
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1591 server is stopped; a non-@code{nil} value means yes. |
6558 | 1592 |
1593 @defun open-network-stream name buffer-or-name host service | |
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1594 This function opens a TCP connection, and returns a process object |
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1595 that represents the connection. |
6558 | 1596 |
1597 The @var{name} argument specifies the name for the process object. It | |
1598 is modified as necessary to make it unique. | |
1599 | |
1600 The @var{buffer-or-name} argument is the buffer to associate with the | |
1601 connection. Output from the connection is inserted in the buffer, | |
1602 unless you specify a filter function to handle the output. If | |
1603 @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, it means that the connection is not | |
1604 associated with any buffer. | |
1605 | |
1606 The arguments @var{host} and @var{service} specify where to connect to; | |
1607 @var{host} is the host name (a string), and @var{service} is the name of | |
1608 a defined network service (a string) or a port number (an integer). | |
1609 @end defun | |
52401 | 1610 |
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1611 @defun process-contact process &optional key |
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1612 This function returns information about how a network process was set |
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1613 up. For a connection, when @var{key} is @code{nil}, it returns |
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1614 @code{(@var{hostname} @var{service})} which specifies what you |
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1615 connected to. |
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1616 |
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1617 If @var{key} is @code{t}, the value is the complete status information |
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1618 for the connection or server; that is, the list of keywords and values |
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1619 specified in @code{make-network-process}, except that some of the |
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1620 values represent the current status instead of what you specified: |
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1621 |
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1622 @table @code |
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1623 @item :buffer |
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1624 The associated value is the process buffer. |
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1625 @item :filter |
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1626 The associated value is the process filter function. |
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1627 @item :sentinel |
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1628 The associated value is the process sentinel function. |
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1629 @item :remote |
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1630 In a connection, this is the address in internal format of the remote peer. |
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1631 @item :local |
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1632 The local address, in internal format. |
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1633 @item :service |
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1634 In a server, if you specified @code{t} for @var{service}, |
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1635 this value is the actual port number. |
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1636 @end table |
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1637 |
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1638 @code{:local} and @code{:remote} are included even if they were not |
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1639 specified explicitly in @code{make-network-process}. |
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1640 |
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1641 If @var{key} is a keyword, the function returns the value corresponding |
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1642 to that keyword. |
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1643 |
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1644 For an ordinary child process, this function always returns @code{t}. |
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1645 @end defun |
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1646 |
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1647 @node Network Servers |
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1648 @section Network Servers |
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1649 |
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1650 You create a server by calling @code{make-network-process} with |
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1651 @code{:server t}. The server will listen for connection requests from |
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1652 clients. When it accepts a client connection request, that creates a |
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1653 new network connection, itself a process object, with the following |
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1654 parameters: |
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1655 |
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1656 @itemize @bullet |
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1657 @item |
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1658 The connection's process name is constructed by concatenating the |
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1659 server process' @var{name} with a client identification string. The |
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1660 client identification string for an IPv4 connection looks like |
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1661 @samp{<@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d}:@var{p}>}. Otherwise, it is a |
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|
1662 unique number in brackets, as in @samp{<@var{nnn}>}. The number |
52542
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1663 is unique for each connection in the Emacs session. |
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1664 |
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1665 @item |
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|
1666 If the server's filter is non-@code{nil}, the connection process does |
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1667 not get a separate process buffer; otherwise, Emacs creates a new |
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|
1668 buffer for the purpose. The buffer name is the server's buffer name |
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|
1669 or process name, concatenated with the client identification string. |
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|
1670 |
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|
1671 The server's process buffer value is never used directly by Emacs, but |
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|
1672 it is passed to the log function, which can log connections by |
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|
1673 inserting text there. |
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|
1674 |
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|
1675 @item |
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|
1676 The communication type and the process filter and sentinel are |
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|
1677 inherited from those of the server. The server never directly |
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|
1678 uses its filter and sentinel; their sole purpose is to initialize |
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|
1679 connections made to the server. |
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|
1680 |
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|
1681 @item |
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1682 The connection's process contact info is set according to the client's |
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|
1683 addressing information (typically an IP address and a port number). |
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1684 This information is associated with the @code{process-contact} |
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1685 keywords @code{:host}, @code{:service}, @code{:remote}. |
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|
1686 |
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1687 @item |
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1688 The connection's local address is set up according to the port |
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|
1689 number used for the connection. |
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|
1690 |
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1691 @item |
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1692 The client process' plist is initialized from the server's plist. |
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|
1693 @end itemize |
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1694 |
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|
1695 @node Datagrams |
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1696 @section Datagrams |
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|
1697 @cindex datagrams |
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|
1698 |
54265 | 1699 A datagram connection communicates with individual packets rather |
1700 than streams of data. Each call to @code{process-send} sends one | |
1701 datagram packet (@pxref{Input to Processes}), and each datagram | |
1702 received results in one call to the filter function. | |
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1703 |
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|
1704 The datagram connection doesn't have to talk with the same remote |
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1705 peer all the time. It has a @dfn{remote peer address} which specifies |
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|
1706 where to send datagrams to. Each time an incoming datagram is passed |
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|
1707 to the filter function, the peer address is set to the address that |
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|
1708 datagram came from; that way, if the filter function sends a datagram, |
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|
1709 it will go back to that place. You can specify the remote peer |
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|
1710 address when you create the datagram connection using the |
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|
1711 @code{:remote} keyword. You can change it later on by calling |
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|
1712 @code{set-process-datagram-address}. |
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1713 |
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|
1714 @defun process-datagram-address process |
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1715 If @var{process} is a datagram connection or server, this function |
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1716 returns its remote peer address. |
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1717 @end defun |
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1718 |
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1719 @defun set-process-datagram-address process address |
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1720 If @var{process} is a datagram connection or server, this function |
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1721 sets its remote peer address to @var{address}. |
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1722 @end defun |
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1723 |
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|
1724 @node Low-Level Network |
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1725 @section Low-Level Network Access |
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|
1726 |
64913
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|
1727 You can also create network connections by operating at a lower |
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1728 level that that of @code{open-network-stream}, using |
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1729 @code{make-network-process}. |
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|
1730 |
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|
1731 @menu |
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1732 * Make Network:: Using @code{make-network-process}. |
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|
1733 * Network Options:: Further control over network connections. |
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|
1734 * Network Feature Testing:: Determining which network features work on |
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|
1735 the machine you are using. |
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|
1736 @end menu |
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|
1737 |
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|
1738 @node Make Network |
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|
1739 @subsection @code{make-network-process} |
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|
1740 |
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|
1741 The basic function for creating network connections and network |
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1742 servers is @code{make-network-process}. It can do either of those |
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|
1743 jobs, depending on the arguments you give it. |
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|
1744 |
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|
1745 @defun make-network-process &rest args |
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|
1746 This function creates a network connection or server and returns the |
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|
1747 process object that represents it. The arguments @var{args} are a |
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|
1748 list of keyword/argument pairs. Omitting a keyword is always |
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|
1749 equivalent to specifying it with value @code{nil}, except for |
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|
1750 @code{:coding}, @code{:filter-multibyte}, and @code{:reuseaddr}. Here |
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|
1751 are the meaningful keywords: |
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1752 |
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|
1753 @table @asis |
62230
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(Low-Level Network): Fix typo.
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|
1754 @item :name @var{name} |
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1755 Use the string @var{name} as the process name. It is modified if |
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1756 necessary to make it unique. |
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|
1757 |
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|
1758 @item :type @var{type} |
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1759 Specify the communication type. A value of @code{nil} specifies a |
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1760 stream connection (the default); @code{datagram} specifies a datagram |
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1761 connection. Both connections and servers can be of either type. |
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|
1762 |
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|
1763 @item :server @var{server-flag} |
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1764 If @var{server-flag} is non-@code{nil}, create a server. Otherwise, |
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1765 create a connection. For a stream type server, @var{server-flag} may |
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|
1766 be an integer which then specifies the length of the queue of pending |
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|
1767 connections to the server. The default queue length is 5. |
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1768 |
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|
1769 @item :host @var{host} |
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1770 Specify the host to connect to. @var{host} should be a host name or |
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1771 internet address, as a string, or the symbol @code{local} to specify |
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1772 the local host. If you specify @var{host} for a server, it must |
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1773 specify a valid address for the local host, and only clients |
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1774 connecting to that address will be accepted. |
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|
1775 |
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|
1776 @item :service @var{service} |
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1777 @var{service} specifies a port number to connect to, or, for a server, |
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1778 the port number to listen on. It should be a service name that |
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1779 translates to a port number, or an integer specifying the port number |
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1780 directly. For a server, it can also be @code{t}, which means to let |
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1781 the system select an unused port number. |
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1782 |
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1783 @item :family @var{family} |
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1784 @var{family} specifies the address (and protocol) family for |
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1785 communication. @code{nil} stands for IPv4. @code{local} specifies a |
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1786 Unix socket, in which case @var{host} is ignored. |
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1787 |
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1788 @item :local @var{local-address} |
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1789 For a server process, @var{local-address} is the address to listen on. |
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1790 It overrides @var{family}, @var{host} and @var{service}, and you |
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1791 may as well not specify them. |
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1792 |
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1793 @item :remote @var{remote-address} |
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1794 For a connection, @var{remote-address} is the address to connect to. |
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1795 It overrides @var{family}, @var{host} and @var{service}, and you |
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1796 may as well not specify them. |
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1797 |
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1798 For a datagram server, @var{remote-address} specifies the initial |
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1799 setting of the remote datagram address. |
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1800 |
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1801 The format of @var{local-address} or @var{remote-address} depends on |
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1802 the address family: |
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1803 |
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1804 @itemize - |
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1805 @item |
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1806 An IPv4 address is represented as a vector of integers @code{[@var{a} |
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1807 @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]} corresponding to numeric IP address |
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1808 @var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port number @var{p}. |
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1809 |
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1810 @item |
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1811 A local address is represented as a string which specifies the address |
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1812 in the local address space. |
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1813 |
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1814 @item |
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1815 An ``unsupported family'' address is represented by a cons |
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1816 @code{(@var{f} . @var{av})}, where @var{f} is the family number and |
54265 | 1817 @var{av} is a vector specifying the socket address using one element |
1818 per address data byte. Do not rely on this format in portable code, | |
1819 as it may depend on implementation defined constants, data sizes, and | |
1820 data structure alignment. | |
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1821 @end itemize |
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1822 |
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1823 @item :nowait @var{bool} |
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1824 If @var{bool} is non-@code{nil} for a stream connection, return |
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1825 without waiting for the connection to complete. When the connection |
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1826 succeeds or fails, Emacs will call the sentinel function, with a |
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1827 second argument matching @code{"open"} (if successful) or |
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1828 @code{"failed"}. The default is to block, so that |
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1829 @code{make-network-process} does not return until the connection |
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1830 has succeeded or failed. |
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1831 |
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1832 @item :stop @var{stopped} |
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1833 Start the network connection or server in the `stopped' state if |
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1834 @var{stopped} is non-@code{nil}. |
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1835 |
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1836 @item :buffer @var{buffer} |
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1837 Use @var{buffer} as the process buffer. |
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1838 |
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1839 @item :coding @var{coding} |
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1840 Use @var{coding} as the coding system for this process. To specify |
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1841 different coding systems for decoding data from the connection and for |
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1842 encoding data sent to it, specify @code{(@var{decoding} . |
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1843 @var{encoding})} for @var{coding}. |
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1844 |
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1845 If you don't specify this keyword at all, the default |
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1846 is to determine the coding systems from the data. |
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1847 |
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1848 @item :noquery @var{query-flag} |
63560 | 1849 Initialize the process query flag to @var{query-flag}. |
1850 @xref{Query Before Exit}. | |
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1851 |
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1852 @item :filter @var{filter} |
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1853 Initialize the process filter to @var{filter}. |
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1854 |
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1855 @item :filter-multibyte @var{bool} |
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1856 If @var{bool} is non-@code{nil}, strings given to the process filter |
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1857 are multibyte, otherwise they are unibyte. If you don't specify this |
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1858 keyword at all, the default is that the strings are multibyte if |
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1859 @code{default-enable-multibyte-characters} is non-@code{nil}. |
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1860 |
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1861 @item :sentinel @var{sentinel} |
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1862 Initialize the process sentinel to @var{sentinel}. |
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1863 |
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1864 @item :log @var{log} |
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1865 Initialize the log function of a server process to @var{log}. The log |
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1866 function is called each time the server accepts a network connection |
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1867 from a client. The arguments passed to the log function are |
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1868 @var{server}, @var{connection}, and @var{message}, where @var{server} |
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1869 is the server process, @var{connection} is the new process for the |
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1870 connection, and @var{message} is a string describing what has |
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1871 happened. |
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1872 |
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1873 @item :plist @var{plist} |
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1874 Initialize the process plist to @var{plist}. |
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1875 @end table |
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1876 |
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1877 The original argument list, modified with the actual connection |
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1878 information, is available via the @code{process-contact} function. |
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1879 @end defun |
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1880 |
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1881 @node Network Options |
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1882 @subsection Network Options |
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1883 |
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1884 The following network options can be specified when you create a |
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1885 network process. Except for @code{:reuseaddr}, you can also set or |
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1886 modify these options later, using @code{set-network-process-option}. |
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1887 |
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1888 For a server process, the options specified with |
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1889 @code{make-network-process} are not inherited by the client |
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1890 connections, so you will need to set the necessary options for each |
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1891 child connection as it is created. |
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1892 |
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1893 @table @asis |
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1894 @item :bindtodevice @var{device-name} |
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1895 If @var{device-name} is a non-empty string identifying a network |
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1896 interface name (see @code{network-interface-list}), only handle |
54777 | 1897 packets received on that interface. If @var{device-name} is @code{nil} |
1898 (the default), handle packets received on any interface. | |
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1899 |
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1900 Using this option may require special privileges on some systems. |
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1901 |
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1902 @item :broadcast @var{broadcast-flag} |
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1903 If @var{broadcast-flag} is non-@code{nil} for a datagram process, the |
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1904 process will receive datagram packet sent to a broadcast address, and |
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1905 be able to send packets to a broadcast address. Ignored for a stream |
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1906 connection. |
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1907 |
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1908 @item :dontroute @var{dontroute-flag} |
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1909 If @var{dontroute-flag} is non-@code{nil}, the process can only send |
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1910 to hosts on the same network as the local host. |
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1911 |
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1912 @item :keepalive @var{keepalive-flag} |
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1913 If @var{keepalive-flag} is non-@code{nil} for a stream connection, |
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1914 enable exchange of low-level keep-alive messages. |
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1915 |
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1916 @item :linger @var{linger-arg} |
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1917 If @var{linger-arg} is non-@code{nil}, wait for successful |
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1918 transmission of all queued packets on the connection before it is |
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1919 deleted (see @code{delete-process}). If @var{linger-arg} is an |
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1920 integer, it specifies the maximum time in seconds to wait for queued |
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1921 packets to be sent before closing the connection. Default is |
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1922 @code{nil} which means to discard unsent queued packets when the |
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1923 process is deleted. |
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1924 |
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1925 @item :oobinline @var{oobinline-flag} |
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1926 If @var{oobinline-flag} is non-@code{nil} for a stream connection, |
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1927 receive out-of-band data in the normal data stream. Otherwise, ignore |
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1928 out-of-band data. |
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1929 |
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1930 @item :priority @var{priority} |
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1931 Set the priority for packets sent on this connection to the integer |
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1932 @var{priority}. The interpretation of this number is protocol |
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1933 specific, such as setting the TOS (type of service) field on IP |
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1934 packets sent on this connection. It may also have system dependent |
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1935 effects, such as selecting a specific output queue on the network |
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1936 interface. |
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1937 |
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1938 @item :reuseaddr @var{reuseaddr-flag} |
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1939 If @var{reuseaddr-flag} is non-@code{nil} (the default) for a stream |
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1940 server process, allow this server to reuse a specific port number (see |
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1941 @code{:service}) unless another process on this host is already |
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1942 listening on that port. If @var{reuseaddr-flag} is @code{nil}, there |
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1943 may be a period of time after the last use of that port (by any |
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1944 process on the host), where it is not possible to make a new server on |
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1945 that port. |
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1946 @end table |
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1947 |
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1948 @defun set-network-process-option process option value |
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1949 This function sets or modifies a network option for network process |
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1950 @var{process}. See @code{make-network-process} for details of options |
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1951 @var{option} and their corresponding values @var{value}. |
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1952 |
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1953 The current setting of an option is available via the |
54864 | 1954 @code{process-contact} function. |
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1955 @end defun |
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1956 |
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1957 @node Network Feature Testing |
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1958 @subsection Testing Availability of Network Features |
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1959 |
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1960 To test for the availability of a given network feature, use |
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1961 @code{featurep} like this: |
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1962 |
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1963 @example |
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1964 (featurep 'make-network-process '(@var{keyword} @var{value})) |
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1965 @end example |
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1966 |
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1967 @noindent |
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1968 The result of the first form is @code{t} if it works to specify |
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1969 @var{keyword} with value @var{value} in @code{make-network-process}. |
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1970 The result of the second form is @code{t} if @var{keyword} is |
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1971 supported by @code{make-network-process}. Here are some of the |
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1972 @var{keyword}---@var{value} pairs you can test in |
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1973 this way. |
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1974 |
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1975 @table @code |
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1976 @item (:nowait t) |
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1977 Non-@code{nil} if non-blocking connect is supported. |
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1978 @item (:type datagram) |
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1979 Non-@code{nil} if datagrams are supported. |
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1980 @item (:family local) |
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1981 Non-@code{nil} if local (aka ``UNIX domain'') sockets are supported. |
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1982 @item (:service t) |
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1983 Non-@code{nil} if the system can select the port for a server. |
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1984 @end table |
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1985 |
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1986 To test for the availability of a given network option, use |
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1987 @code{featurep} like this: |
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1988 |
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1989 @example |
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1990 (featurep 'make-network-process '@var{keyword}) |
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1991 @end example |
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1992 |
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1993 @noindent |
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1994 Here are some of the options you can test in this way. |
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1995 |
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1996 @table @code |
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1997 @item :bindtodevice |
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1998 @itemx :broadcast |
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1999 @itemx :dontroute |
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2000 @itemx :keepalive |
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2001 @itemx :linger |
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2002 @itemx :oobinline |
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2003 @itemx :priority |
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2004 @itemx :reuseaddr |
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2005 That particular network option is supported by |
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2006 @code{make-network-process} and @code{set-network-process-option}. |
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2007 @end table |
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2008 |
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2009 @node Misc Network |
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2010 @section Misc Network Facilities |
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2011 |
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parents:
64889
diff
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|
2012 These additional functions are useful for creating and operating |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64889
diff
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|
2013 on network connections. |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64889
diff
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|
2014 |
52542
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
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|
2015 @defun network-interface-list |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
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diff
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|
2016 This function returns a list describing the network interfaces |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
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parents:
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|
2017 of the machine you are using. The value is an alist whose |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2018 elements have the form @code{(@var{name} . @var{address})}. |
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parents:
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|
2019 @var{address} has the same form as the @var{local-address} |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2020 and @var{remote-address} arguments to @code{make-network-process}. |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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|
2021 @end defun |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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52401
diff
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|
2022 |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2023 @defun network-interface-info ifname |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
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|
2024 This function returns information about the network interface named |
63560 | 2025 @var{ifname}. The value is a list of the form |
2026 @code{(@var{addr} @var{bcast} @var{netmask} @var{hwaddr} @var{flags})}. | |
52542
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2027 |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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|
2028 @table @var |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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|
2029 @item addr |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2030 The internet protocol address. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2031 @item bcast |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
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|
2032 The broadcast address. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2033 @item netmask |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2034 The network mask. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2035 @item hwaddr |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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|
2036 The layer 2 address (Ethernet MAC address, for instance). |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2037 @item flags |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2038 The current flags of the interface. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2039 @end table |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2040 @end defun |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2041 |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
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|
2042 @defun format-network-address address &optional omit-port |
52759 | 2043 This function converts the Lisp representation of a network address to |
52542
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
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|
2044 a string. For example, a five-element vector @code{[@var{a} @var{b} |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2045 @var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]} represents an IP address |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2046 @var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port number @var{p}. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2047 @code{format-network-address} converts that to the string |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2048 @code{"@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d}:@var{p}"}. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2049 |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2050 If @var{omit-port} is non-@code{nil}, the value does not include |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2051 the port number. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2052 @end defun |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2053 |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2054 @node Byte Packing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2055 @section Packing and Unpacking Byte Arrays |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2056 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2057 This section describes how to pack and unpack arrays of bytes, |
63563
c78918330811
(Byte Packing): Fix ungrammatical sentence.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
63562
diff
changeset
|
2058 usually for binary network protocols. These functions convert byte arrays |
c78918330811
(Byte Packing): Fix ungrammatical sentence.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
63562
diff
changeset
|
2059 to alists, and vice versa. The byte array can be represented as a |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2060 unibyte string or as a vector of integers, while the alist associates |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2061 symbols either with fixed-size objects or with recursive sub-alists. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2062 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2063 @cindex serializing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2064 @cindex deserializing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2065 @cindex packing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2066 @cindex unpacking |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2067 Conversion from byte arrays to nested alists is also known as |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2068 @dfn{deserializing} or @dfn{unpacking}, while going in the opposite |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2069 direction is also known as @dfn{serializing} or @dfn{packing}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2070 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2071 @menu |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2072 * Bindat Spec:: Describing data layout. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2073 * Bindat Functions:: Doing the unpacking and packing. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2074 * Bindat Examples:: Samples of what bindat.el can do for you! |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2075 @end menu |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2076 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2077 @node Bindat Spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2078 @subsection Describing Data Layout |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2079 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2080 To control unpacking and packing, you write a @dfn{data layout |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2081 specification}, a special nested list describing named and typed |
63568 | 2082 @dfn{fields}. This specification controls length of each field to be |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2083 processed, and how to pack or unpack it. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2084 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2085 @cindex endianness |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2086 @cindex big endian |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2087 @cindex little endian |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2088 @cindex network byte ordering |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2089 A field's @dfn{type} describes the size (in bytes) of the object |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2090 that the field represents and, in the case of multibyte fields, how |
63560 | 2091 the bytes are ordered within the field. The two possible orderings |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2092 are ``big endian'' (also known as ``network byte ordering'') and |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2093 ``little endian''. For instance, the number @code{#x23cd} (decimal |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2094 9165) in big endian would be the two bytes @code{#x23} @code{#xcd}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2095 and in little endian, @code{#xcd} @code{#x23}. Here are the possible |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2096 type values: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2097 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2098 @table @code |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2099 @item u8 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2100 @itemx byte |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2101 Unsigned byte, with length 1. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2102 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2103 @item u16 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2104 @itemx word |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2105 @itemx short |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2106 Unsigned integer in network byte order, with length 2. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2107 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2108 @item u24 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2109 Unsigned integer in network byte order, with length 3. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2110 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2111 @item u32 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2112 @itemx dword |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2113 @itemx long |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2114 Unsigned integer in network byte order, with length 4. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2115 Note: These values may be limited by Emacs' integer implementation limits. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2116 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2117 @item u16r |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2118 @itemx u24r |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2119 @itemx u32r |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2120 Unsigned integer in little endian order, with length 2, 3 and 4, respectively. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2121 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2122 @item str @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2123 String of length @var{len}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2124 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2125 @item strz @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2126 Zero-terminated string of length @var{len}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2127 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2128 @item vec @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2129 Vector of @var{len} bytes. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2130 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2131 @item ip |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2132 Four-byte vector representing an Internet address. For example: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2133 @code{[127 0 0 1]} for localhost. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2134 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2135 @item bits @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2136 List of set bits in @var{len} bytes. The bytes are taken in big |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2137 endian order and the bits are numbered starting with @code{8 * |
63560 | 2138 @var{len} @minus{} 1} and ending with zero. For example: @code{bits |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2139 2} unpacks @code{#x28} @code{#x1c} to @code{(2 3 4 11 13)} and |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2140 @code{#x1c} @code{#x28} to @code{(3 5 10 11 12)}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2141 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2142 @item (eval @var{form}) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2143 @var{form} is a Lisp expression evaluated at the moment the field is |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2144 unpacked or packed. The result of the evaluation should be one of the |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2145 above-listed type specifications. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2146 @end table |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2147 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2148 A field specification generally has the form @code{([@var{name}] |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2149 @var{handler})}. The square braces indicate that @var{name} is |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2150 optional. (Don't use names that are symbols meaningful as type |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2151 specifications (above) or handler specifications (below), since that |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2152 would be ambiguous.) @var{name} can be a symbol or the expression |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2153 @code{(eval @var{form})}, in which case @var{form} should evaluate to |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2154 a symbol. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2155 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2156 @var{handler} describes how to unpack or pack the field and can be one |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2157 of the following: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2158 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2159 @table @code |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2160 @item @var{type} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2161 Unpack/pack this field according to the type specification @var{type}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2162 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2163 @item eval @var{form} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2164 Evaluate @var{form}, a Lisp expression, for side-effect only. If the |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2165 field name is specified, the value is bound to that field name. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2166 @var{form} can access and update these dynamically bound variables: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2167 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2168 @table @code |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2169 @item raw-data |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2170 The data as a byte array. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2171 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2172 @item pos |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2173 Current position of the unpacking or packing operation. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2174 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2175 @item struct |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2176 Alist. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2177 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2178 @item last |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2179 Value of the last field processed. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2180 @end table |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2181 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2182 @item fill @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2183 Skip @var{len} bytes. In packing, this leaves them unchanged, |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2184 which normally means they remain zero. In unpacking, this means |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2185 they are ignored. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2186 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2187 @item align @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2188 Skip to the next multiple of @var{len} bytes. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2189 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2190 @item struct @var{spec-name} |
63560 | 2191 Process @var{spec-name} as a sub-specification. This describes a |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2192 structure nested within another structure. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2193 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2194 @item union @var{form} (@var{tag} @var{spec})@dots{} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2195 @c ??? I don't see how one would actually use this. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2196 @c ??? what kind of expression would be useful for @var{form}? |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2197 Evaluate @var{form}, a Lisp expression, find the first @var{tag} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2198 that matches it, and process its associated data layout specification |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2199 @var{spec}. Matching can occur in one of three ways: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2200 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2201 @itemize |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2202 @item |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2203 If a @var{tag} has the form @code{(eval @var{expr})}, evaluate |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2204 @var{expr} with the variable @code{tag} dynamically bound to the value |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2205 of @var{form}. A non-@code{nil} result indicates a match. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2206 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2207 @item |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2208 @var{tag} matches if it is @code{equal} to the value of @var{form}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2209 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2210 @item |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2211 @var{tag} matches unconditionally if it is @code{t}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2212 @end itemize |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2213 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2214 @item repeat @var{count} @var{field-spec}@dots{} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2215 @var{count} may be an integer, or a list of one element naming a |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2216 previous field. For correct operation, each @var{field-spec} must |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2217 include a name. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2218 @c ??? What does it MEAN? |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2219 @end table |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2220 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2221 @node Bindat Functions |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2222 @subsection Functions to Unpack and Pack Bytes |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2223 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2224 In the following documentation, @var{spec} refers to a data layout |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2225 specification, @code{raw-data} to a byte array, and @var{struct} to an |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2226 alist representing unpacked field data. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2227 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2228 @defun bindat-unpack spec raw-data &optional pos |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2229 This function unpacks data from the byte array @code{raw-data} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2230 according to @var{spec}. Normally this starts unpacking at the |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2231 beginning of the byte array, but if @var{pos} is non-@code{nil}, it |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2232 specifies a zero-based starting position to use instead. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2233 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2234 The value is an alist or nested alist in which each element describes |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2235 one unpacked field. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2236 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2237 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2238 @defun bindat-get-field struct &rest name |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2239 This function selects a field's data from the nested alist |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2240 @var{struct}. Usually @var{struct} was returned by |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2241 @code{bindat-unpack}. If @var{name} corresponds to just one argument, |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2242 that means to extract a top-level field value. Multiple @var{name} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2243 arguments specify repeated lookup of sub-structures. An integer name |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2244 acts as an array index. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2245 |
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(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2246 For example, if @var{name} is @code{(a b 2 c)}, that means to find |
67044
a40ac89f9800
(Bindat Functions): Say "third" to refer to zero-based index "2".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
66152
diff
changeset
|
2247 field @code{c} in the third element of subfield @code{b} of field |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2248 @code{a}. (This corresponds to @code{struct.a.b[2].c} in C.) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2249 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2250 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2251 @defun bindat-length spec struct |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2252 @c ??? I don't understand this at all -- rms |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2253 This function returns the length in bytes of @var{struct}, according |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2254 to @var{spec}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2255 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2256 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2257 @defun bindat-pack spec struct &optional raw-data pos |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2258 This function returns a byte array packed according to @var{spec} from |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2259 the data in the alist @var{struct}. Normally it creates and fills a |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2260 new byte array starting at the beginning. However, if @var{raw-data} |
63560 | 2261 is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a pre-allocated string or vector to |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2262 pack into. If @var{pos} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the starting |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2263 offset for packing into @code{raw-data}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2264 |
63560 | 2265 @c ??? Isn't this a bug? Shouldn't it always be unibyte? |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2266 Note: The result is a multibyte string; use @code{string-make-unibyte} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2267 on it to make it unibyte if necessary. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2268 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2269 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2270 @defun bindat-ip-to-string ip |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2271 Convert the Internet address vector @var{ip} to a string in the usual |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2272 dotted notation. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2273 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2274 @example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2275 (bindat-ip-to-string [127 0 0 1]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2276 @result{} "127.0.0.1" |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2277 @end example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2278 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2279 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2280 @node Bindat Examples |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2281 @subsection Examples of Byte Unpacking and Packing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2282 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2283 Here is a complete example of byte unpacking and packing: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2284 |
63569
bd65461db3b8
(Bindat Examples): Move @lisp to beginning of line. (Whitespace change.)
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
63568
diff
changeset
|
2285 @lisp |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2286 (defvar fcookie-index-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2287 '((:version u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2288 (:count u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2289 (:longest u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2290 (:shortest u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2291 (:flags u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2292 (:delim u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2293 (:ignored fill 3) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2294 (:offset repeat (:count) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2295 (:foo u32))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2296 "Description of a fortune cookie index file's contents.") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2297 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2298 (defun fcookie (cookies &optional index) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2299 "Display a random fortune cookie from file COOKIES. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2300 Optional second arg INDEX specifies the associated index |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2301 filename, which is by default constructed by appending |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2302 \".dat\" to COOKIES. Display cookie text in possibly |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2303 new buffer \"*Fortune Cookie: BASENAME*\" where BASENAME |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2304 is COOKIES without the directory part." |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2305 (interactive "fCookies file: ") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2306 (let* ((info (with-temp-buffer |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2307 (insert-file-contents-literally |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2308 (or index (concat cookies ".dat"))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2309 (bindat-unpack fcookie-index-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2310 (buffer-string)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2311 (sel (random (bindat-get-field info :count))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2312 (beg (cdar (bindat-get-field info :offset sel))) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2313 (end (or (cdar (bindat-get-field info |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2314 :offset (1+ sel))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2315 (nth 7 (file-attributes cookies))))) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2316 (switch-to-buffer |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2317 (get-buffer-create |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2318 (format "*Fortune Cookie: %s*" |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2319 (file-name-nondirectory cookies)))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2320 (erase-buffer) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2321 (insert-file-contents-literally |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2322 cookies nil beg (- end 3)))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2323 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2324 (defun fcookie-create-index (cookies &optional index delim) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2325 "Scan file COOKIES, and write out its index file. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2326 Optional second arg INDEX specifies the index filename, |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2327 which is by default constructed by appending \".dat\" to |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2328 COOKIES. Optional third arg DELIM specifies the unibyte |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2329 character which, when found on a line of its own in |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2330 COOKIES, indicates the border between entries." |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2331 (interactive "fCookies file: ") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2332 (setq delim (or delim ?%)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2333 (let ((delim-line (format "\n%c\n" delim)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2334 (count 0) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2335 (max 0) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2336 min p q len offsets) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2337 (unless (= 3 (string-bytes delim-line)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2338 (error "Delimiter cannot be represented in one byte")) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2339 (with-temp-buffer |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2340 (insert-file-contents-literally cookies) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2341 (while (and (setq p (point)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2342 (search-forward delim-line (point-max) t) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2343 (setq len (- (point) 3 p))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2344 (setq count (1+ count) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2345 max (max max len) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2346 min (min (or min max) len) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2347 offsets (cons (1- p) offsets)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2348 (with-temp-buffer |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2349 (set-buffer-multibyte nil) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2350 (insert |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2351 (string-make-unibyte |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2352 (bindat-pack |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2353 fcookie-index-spec |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2354 `((:version . 2) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2355 (:count . ,count) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2356 (:longest . ,max) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2357 (:shortest . ,min) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2358 (:flags . 0) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2359 (:delim . ,delim) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2360 (:offset . ,(mapcar (lambda (o) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2361 (list (cons :foo o))) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2362 (nreverse offsets))))))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2363 (let ((coding-system-for-write 'raw-text-unix)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2364 (write-file (or index (concat cookies ".dat"))))))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2365 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2366 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2367 Following is an example of defining and unpacking a complex structure. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2368 Consider the following C structures: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2369 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2370 @example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2371 struct header @{ |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2372 unsigned long dest_ip; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2373 unsigned long src_ip; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2374 unsigned short dest_port; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2375 unsigned short src_port; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2376 @}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2377 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2378 struct data @{ |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2379 unsigned char type; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2380 unsigned char opcode; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2381 unsigned long length; /* In little endian order */ |
63560 | 2382 unsigned char id[8]; /* null-terminated string */ |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2383 unsigned char data[/* (length + 3) & ~3 */]; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2384 @}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2385 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2386 struct packet @{ |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2387 struct header header; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2388 unsigned char items; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2389 unsigned char filler[3]; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2390 struct data item[/* items */]; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2391 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2392 @}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2393 @end example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2394 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2395 The corresponding data layout specification: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2396 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2397 @lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2398 (setq header-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2399 '((dest-ip ip) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2400 (src-ip ip) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2401 (dest-port u16) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2402 (src-port u16))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2403 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2404 (setq data-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2405 '((type u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2406 (opcode u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2407 (length u16r) ;; little endian order |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2408 (id strz 8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2409 (data vec (length)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2410 (align 4))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2411 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2412 (setq packet-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2413 '((header struct header-spec) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2414 (items u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2415 (fill 3) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2416 (item repeat (items) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2417 (struct data-spec)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2418 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2419 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2420 A binary data representation: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2421 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2422 @lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2423 (setq binary-data |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2424 [ 192 168 1 100 192 168 1 101 01 28 21 32 2 0 0 0 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2425 2 3 5 0 ?A ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2426 1 4 7 0 ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F ?G 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 ]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2427 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2428 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2429 The corresponding decoded structure: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2430 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2431 @lisp |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2432 (setq decoded (bindat-unpack packet-spec binary-data)) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2433 @result{} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2434 ((header |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2435 (dest-ip . [192 168 1 100]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2436 (src-ip . [192 168 1 101]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2437 (dest-port . 284) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2438 (src-port . 5408)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2439 (items . 2) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2440 (item ((data . [1 2 3 4 5]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2441 (id . "ABCDEF") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2442 (length . 5) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2443 (opcode . 3) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2444 (type . 2)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2445 ((data . [6 7 8 9 10 11 12]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2446 (id . "BCDEFG") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2447 (length . 7) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2448 (opcode . 4) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2449 (type . 1)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2450 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2451 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2452 Fetching data from this structure: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2453 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2454 @lisp |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2455 (bindat-get-field decoded 'item 1 'id) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2456 @result{} "BCDEFG" |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2457 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2458 |
52401 | 2459 @ignore |
2460 arch-tag: ba9da253-e65f-4e7f-b727-08fba0a1df7a | |
2461 @end ignore |