Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/cmdargs.texi @ 37355:981fa38deecf
(Help-Small-Screen): Mention Backspace.
(Help-^L): Explain what does "Backspace or DEL" stand for.
author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
---|---|
date | Sun, 15 Apr 2001 08:43:53 +0000 |
parents | cce9b46e707b |
children | e8ca6335cb27 |
rev | line source |
---|---|
25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. | |
4 @node Command Arguments, Antinews, Service, Top | |
5 @appendix Command Line Arguments | |
6 @cindex command line arguments | |
7 @cindex arguments (command line) | |
8 @cindex options (command line) | |
9 @cindex switches (command line) | |
10 @cindex startup (command line arguments) | |
11 | |
12 GNU Emacs supports command line arguments to request various actions | |
13 when invoking Emacs. These are for compatibility with other editors and | |
14 for sophisticated activities. We don't recommend using them for | |
15 ordinary editing. | |
16 | |
17 Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}. Other arguments | |
18 specify files to visit. Emacs visits the specified files while it | |
19 starts up. The last file name on your command line becomes the current | |
20 buffer; the other files are also present in other buffers. As usual, | |
21 the special argument @samp{--} says that all subsequent arguments | |
22 are file names, not options, even if they start with @samp{-}. | |
23 | |
24 Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and | |
25 position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few | |
26 options support advanced usage, such as running Lisp functions on files | |
27 in batch mode. The sections of this chapter describe the available | |
28 options, arranged according to their purpose. | |
29 | |
30 There are two ways of writing options: the short forms that start with | |
31 a single @samp{-}, and the long forms that start with @samp{--}. For | |
32 example, @samp{-d} is a short form and @samp{--display} is the | |
33 corresponding long form. | |
34 | |
35 The long forms with @samp{--} are easier to remember, but longer to | |
36 type. However, you don't have to spell out the whole option name; any | |
37 unambiguous abbreviation is enough. When a long option takes an | |
38 argument, you can use either a space or an equal sign to separate the | |
39 option name and the argument. Thus, you can write either | |
40 @samp{--display sugar-bombs:0.0} or @samp{--display=sugar-bombs:0.0}. | |
41 We recommend an equal sign because it makes the relationship clearer, | |
42 and the tables below always show an equal sign. | |
43 | |
44 @cindex initial options (command line) | |
45 @cindex action options (command line) | |
46 Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for | |
47 the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options | |
48 specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or | |
49 exit Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file | |
50 names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all | |
51 the action arguments in the order they are written. | |
52 | |
53 @menu | |
54 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries, | |
55 and call functions. | |
56 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs. | |
57 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments. | |
58 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs. | |
59 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses. | |
60 | |
61 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login. | |
62 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X. | |
63 * Colors X:: Choosing colors, under X. | |
64 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X. | |
65 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X. | |
66 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title. | |
67 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X. | |
68 * Resources X:: Advanced use of classes and resources, under X. | |
69 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
70 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. |
25829 | 71 @end menu |
72 | |
73 @node Action Arguments | |
74 @appendixsec Action Arguments | |
75 | |
76 Here is a table of the action arguments and options: | |
77 | |
78 @table @samp | |
79 @item @var{file} | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
80 @itemx --visit=@var{file} |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
81 @itemx --file=@var{file} |
25829 | 82 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}. |
83 | |
84 @item +@var{linenum} @var{file} | |
85 Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number | |
86 @var{linenum} in it. | |
87 | |
88 @need 3000 | |
89 @item -l @var{file} | |
90 @itemx --load=@var{file} | |
91 Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}. | |
92 @xref{Lisp Libraries}. The library can be found either in the current | |
93 directory, or in the Emacs library search path as specified | |
29107 | 94 with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} (@pxref{General Variables}). |
25829 | 95 |
96 @item -f @var{function} | |
97 @itemx --funcall=@var{function} | |
98 Call Lisp function @var{function} with no arguments. | |
99 | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
100 @item --eval=@var{expression} |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
101 @itemx --execute=@var{expression} |
25829 | 102 Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}. |
103 | |
104 @item --insert=@var{file} | |
105 Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like | |
106 what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}. | |
107 | |
108 @item --kill | |
109 Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation. | |
110 @end table | |
111 | |
112 @vindex command-line-args | |
113 The init file can access the values of the action arguments as the | |
114 elements of a list in the variable @code{command-line-args}. The init | |
115 file can override the normal processing of the action arguments, or | |
116 define new ones, by reading and setting this variable. | |
117 | |
118 @node Initial Options | |
119 @appendixsec Initial Options | |
120 | |
121 The initial options specify parameters for the Emacs session. This | |
122 section describes the more general initial options; some other options | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
123 specifically related to the X Window System appear in the following |
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
124 sections. |
25829 | 125 |
126 Some initial options affect the loading of init files. The normal | |
127 actions of Emacs are to first load @file{site-start.el} if it exists, | |
128 then your own init file @file{~/.emacs} if it exists, and finally | |
129 @file{default.el} if it exists; certain options prevent loading of some | |
130 of these files or substitute other files for them. | |
131 | |
132 @table @samp | |
133 @item -t @var{device} | |
134 @itemx --terminal=@var{device} | |
135 Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output. | |
136 | |
137 @item -d @var{display} | |
138 @itemx --display=@var{display} | |
139 Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open | |
140 the initial Emacs frame. | |
141 | |
142 @item -nw | |
143 @itemx --no-windows | |
33012
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
144 Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the |
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
145 @env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This forces Emacs |
36841
13fd83760b06
Change "character terminals" to "text-only terminals".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36617
diff
changeset
|
146 to run as if the display were a text-only terminal. |
25829 | 147 |
148 @need 3000 | |
149 @cindex batch mode | |
150 @item -batch | |
151 @itemx --batch | |
152 Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}, which means that the text being edited is | |
153 not displayed and the standard terminal interrupt characters such as | |
154 @kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} continue to have their normal effect. Emacs in | |
155 batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be printed | |
36875 | 156 in the echo area under program control, and functions which would |
157 normally read from the minibuffer take their input from @code{stdin}. | |
25829 | 158 |
159 Batch mode is used for running programs written in Emacs Lisp from | |
160 shell scripts, makefiles, and so on. Normally the @samp{-l} option | |
161 or @samp{-f} option will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program | |
162 to do the batch processing. | |
163 | |
164 @samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also causes | |
165 Emacs to kill itself after all command options have been processed. In | |
166 addition, auto-saving is not done except in buffers for which it has been | |
167 explicitly requested. | |
168 | |
169 @item -q | |
170 @itemx --no-init-file | |
171 Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el} | |
172 either. | |
173 | |
174 @item --no-site-file | |
175 Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u} | |
176 and @samp{-batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this is | |
177 the only option that blocks it. | |
178 | |
179 @item -u @var{user} | |
180 @itemx --user=@var{user} | |
181 Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of | |
182 your own. | |
183 | |
184 @item --debug-init | |
185 Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file. | |
186 | |
187 @item --unibyte | |
31142
7d0a8b91a6c0
Mention that Lisp files are normally read as multibyte.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30967
diff
changeset
|
188 @cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument |
25829 | 189 Set up to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. |
190 All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program) | |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
191 explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
192 always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
193 specified; see @ref{Enabling Multibyte}.) Setting the environment |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
194 variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect. |
25829 | 195 |
196 @item --multibyte | |
29107 | 197 Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs |
25829 | 198 uses multibyte characters by default, as usual. |
199 @end table | |
200 | |
201 @node Command Example | |
202 @appendixsec Command Argument Example | |
203 | |
204 Here is an example of using Emacs with arguments and options. It | |
205 assumes you have a Lisp program file called @file{hack-c.el} which, when | |
206 loaded, performs some useful operation on the current buffer, expected | |
207 to be a C program. | |
208 | |
209 @example | |
210 emacs -batch foo.c -l hack-c -f save-buffer >& log | |
211 @end example | |
212 | |
213 @noindent | |
214 This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes | |
215 changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that | |
216 @code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and | |
217 then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{-batch}). @samp{-batch} | |
218 also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to | |
219 @file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal | |
220 to work with. | |
221 | |
222 @node Resume Arguments | |
223 @appendixsec Resuming Emacs with Arguments | |
224 | |
225 You can specify action arguments for Emacs when you resume it after | |
226 a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your | |
227 @file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}): | |
228 | |
229 @example | |
230 (add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook) | |
231 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args) | |
232 @end example | |
233 | |
234 As further preparation, you must execute the shell script | |
235 @file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} (if | |
236 you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named | |
237 @code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line | |
238 arguments such as files to visit. | |
239 | |
240 Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial | |
241 arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway. | |
242 | |
243 Note that resuming Emacs (with or without arguments) must be done from | |
244 within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why | |
245 @code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is | |
246 not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from | |
247 other subjobs of the shell; no way to define a command that could be | |
29107 | 248 made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature |
25829 | 249 does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs |
250 Server}). | |
251 | |
252 The aliases use the Emacs Server feature if you appear to have a | |
253 server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete | |
254 accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in | |
255 actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file | |
256 @file{/tmp/.esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that | |
257 file and delete it. | |
258 | |
259 @node Environment | |
260 @appendixsec Environment Variables | |
261 @cindex environment variables | |
262 | |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
263 The @dfn{environment} is a feature of the operating system; it |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
264 consists of a collection of variables with names and values. Each |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
265 variable is called an @dfn{environment variable}; environment variable |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
266 names are case-sensitive, and it is conventional to use upper case |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
267 letters only. The values are all text strings. |
25829 | 268 |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
269 What makes the environment useful is that subprocesses inherit the |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
270 environment automatically from their parent process. This means you |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
271 can set up an environment variable in your login shell, and all the |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
272 programs you run (including Emacs) will automatically see it. |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
273 Subprocesses of Emacs (such as shells, compilers, and version-control |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
274 software) inherit the environment from Emacs, too. |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
275 |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
276 @findex setenv |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
277 @findex getenv |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
278 Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
279 environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
280 environment. The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
281 depends on the operating system, and especially the shell that you are |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
282 using. For example, here's how to set the environment variable |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
283 @env{ORGANIZATION} to @samp{not very much} using Bash: |
25829 | 284 |
285 @example | |
286 export ORGANIZATION="not very much" | |
287 @end example | |
288 | |
289 @noindent | |
290 and here's how to do it in csh or tcsh: | |
291 | |
292 @example | |
293 setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much" | |
294 @end example | |
295 | |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
296 When Emacs is set-up to use the X Window System, it inherits the use |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
297 of a large number of environment variables from the X libraries. See |
25829 | 298 the X documentation for more information. |
299 | |
300 @menu | |
301 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use. | |
302 * Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables. | |
303 @end menu | |
304 | |
305 @node General Variables | |
306 @appendixsubsec General Variables | |
307 | |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
308 Here is an alphabetical list of specific environment variables that |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
309 have special meanings in Emacs, giving the name of each variable and |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
310 its meaning. Most of these variables are also used by some other |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
311 programs. Emacs does not require any of these environment variables |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
312 to be set, but it uses their values if they are set. |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
313 |
29107 | 314 @table @env |
36362
193e0fa6c140
(General Variables): Fix a typo in the CDPATH entry.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36346
diff
changeset
|
315 @item CDPATH |
25829 | 316 Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify, |
317 when you specify a relative directory name. | |
318 @item DOMAINNAME | |
319 The name of the Internet domain that the machine running Emacs is | |
36293
1bca8e306103
(General Variables): Remove description of
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36186
diff
changeset
|
320 located in. Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 321 @item EMACS_UNIBYTE |
31142
7d0a8b91a6c0
Mention that Lisp files are normally read as multibyte.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
30967
diff
changeset
|
322 @cindex unibyte operation, environment variable |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
323 Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
324 to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings. It is |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
325 equivalent to using the @samp{--unibyte} command-line option on each |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
326 invocation. @xref{Initial Options}. |
25829 | 327 @item EMACSDATA |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
328 Directory for the architecture-independent files that come with Emacs. |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
329 This is used to initialize the Lisp variable @code{data-directory}. |
35490
2e4bf60771ea
(General Variables): Document $EMACSDOC.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
330 @item EMACSDOC |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
331 Directory for the documentation string file, |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
332 @file{DOC-@var{emacsversion}}. This is used to initialize the Lisp |
36295
1203ee52391f
(General Variables) <EMACSDOC>: It's used to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36293
diff
changeset
|
333 variable @code{doc-directory}. |
25829 | 334 @item EMACSLOADPATH |
36364
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
335 A colon-separated list of directories@footnote{ |
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
336 Here and below, whenever we say ``colon-separated list of directories'', |
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
337 it pertains to Unix and GNU/Linux systems. On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, |
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
338 the directories are separated by semi-colons instead, since DOS/Windows |
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
339 file names might include a colon after a drive letter.} |
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
340 to search for Emacs Lisp files---used to initialize @code{load-path}. |
25829 | 341 @item EMACSPATH |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
342 A colon-separated list of directories to search for executable |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
343 files---used to initialize @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 344 @item ESHELL |
29107 | 345 Used for shell-mode to override the @env{SHELL} environment variable. |
25829 | 346 @item HISTFILE |
347 The name of the file that shell commands are saved in between logins. | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
348 This variable defaults to @file{~/.bash_history} if you use Bash, to |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
349 @file{~/.sh_history} if you use ksh, and to @file{~/.history} |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
350 otherwise. |
25829 | 351 @item HOME |
352 The location of the user's files in the directory tree; used for | |
353 expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, it | |
354 defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with @samp{/bin} | |
36346
5bd8f163760f
(General Variables): Document the default value of $HOME on Windows.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36297
diff
changeset
|
355 removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the default value |
5bd8f163760f
(General Variables): Document the default value of $HOME on Windows.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36297
diff
changeset
|
356 of @code{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}. |
25829 | 357 @item HOSTNAME |
358 The name of the machine that Emacs is running on. | |
359 @item INCPATH | |
360 A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package | |
361 to search for files. | |
362 @item INFOPATH | |
36295
1203ee52391f
(General Variables) <EMACSDOC>: It's used to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36293
diff
changeset
|
363 A colon-separated list of directories in which to search for Info files. |
26140
068f7ad41d40
Describe new functions and variables for locales.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
|
364 @item LC_ALL |
37085
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
365 @itemx LC_COLLATE |
25829 | 366 @itemx LC_CTYPE |
37085
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
367 @itemx LC_MESSAGES |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
368 @itemx LC_MONETARY |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
369 @itemx LC_NUMERIC |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
370 @itemx LC_TIME |
26140
068f7ad41d40
Describe new functions and variables for locales.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
|
371 @itemx LANG |
37085
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
372 The user's preferred locale. The locale has six categories, specified |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
373 by the environment variables @env{LC_COLLATE} for sorting, |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
374 @env{LC_CTYPE} for character encoding, @env{LC_MESSAGES} for system |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
375 messages, @env{LC_MONETARY} for monetary formats, @env{LC_NUMERIC} for |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
376 numbers, and @env{LC_TIME} for dates and times. If one of these |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
377 variables is not set, the category defaults to the value of the |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
378 @env{LANG} environment variable, or to the default @samp{C} locale if |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
379 @env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides |
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
380 the settings of all the other locale environment variables. |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
381 |
37085
cce9b46e707b
(General Variables): Update the docs according to current behavior
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36875
diff
changeset
|
382 The value of the LC_CTYPE category is |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
383 matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names}, |
26140
068f7ad41d40
Describe new functions and variables for locales.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
25829
diff
changeset
|
384 @code{locale-charset-language-names}, and |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
385 @code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
386 environment and coding system. @xref{Language Environments}. |
25829 | 387 @item LOGNAME |
29107 | 388 The user's login name. See also @env{USER}. |
25829 | 389 @item MAIL |
390 The name of the user's system mail inbox. | |
391 @item MAILRC | |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
392 Name of file containing mail aliases. (The default is |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
393 @file{~/.mailrc}.) |
25829 | 394 @item MH |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
395 Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.) |
25829 | 396 @item NAME |
397 The real-world name of the user. | |
398 @item NNTPSERVER | |
36293
1bca8e306103
(General Variables): Remove description of
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36186
diff
changeset
|
399 The name of the news server. Used by the mh and Gnus packages. |
25829 | 400 @item ORGANIZATION |
401 The name of the organization to which you belong. Used for setting the | |
36293
1bca8e306103
(General Variables): Remove description of
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36186
diff
changeset
|
402 `Organization:' header in your posts from the Gnus package. |
25829 | 403 @item PATH |
36364
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
404 A colon-separated list of directories in which executables reside. This |
fca71f0d9dc4
(General Variables): Add a footnote that all *PATH variables use
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36363
diff
changeset
|
405 is used to initialize the Emacs Lisp variable @code{exec-path}. |
25829 | 406 @item PWD |
407 If set, this should be the default directory when Emacs was started. | |
408 @item REPLYTO | |
409 If set, this specifies an initial value for the variable | |
410 @code{mail-default-reply-to}. @xref{Mail Headers}. | |
411 @item SAVEDIR | |
412 The name of a directory in which news articles are saved by default. | |
36293
1bca8e306103
(General Variables): Remove description of
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36186
diff
changeset
|
413 Used by the Gnus package. |
25829 | 414 @item SHELL |
415 The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from | |
416 inside Emacs. | |
33017
4c7241b226fc
Document that if $TERM says we are on xterm, the default background
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
33012
diff
changeset
|
417 @cindex background mode, on @code{xterm} |
25829 | 418 @item TERM |
419 The name of the terminal that Emacs is running on. The variable must be | |
420 set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to | |
421 @samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that | |
33017
4c7241b226fc
Document that if $TERM says we are on xterm, the default background
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
33012
diff
changeset
|
422 handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates |
4c7241b226fc
Document that if $TERM says we are on xterm, the default background
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
33012
diff
changeset
|
423 that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @code{xterm} or a similar |
4c7241b226fc
Document that if $TERM says we are on xterm, the default background
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
33012
diff
changeset
|
424 terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and |
4c7241b226fc
Document that if $TERM says we are on xterm, the default background
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
33012
diff
changeset
|
425 Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background. |
25829 | 426 @item TERMCAP |
427 The name of the termcap library file describing how to program the | |
29107 | 428 terminal specified by the @env{TERM} variable. This defaults to |
25829 | 429 @file{/etc/termcap}. |
430 @item TMPDIR | |
431 Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files. | |
432 @item TZ | |
36186
e391cbe3a2fe
Correction for TZ on Microsoft systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36146
diff
changeset
|
433 This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight |
36617
756d21b874ec
(General Variables): "daylight savings" -> "daylight saving".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36544
diff
changeset
|
434 saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @code{TZ} is not set in the |
36186
e391cbe3a2fe
Correction for TZ on Microsoft systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36146
diff
changeset
|
435 environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
436 appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs |
36186
e391cbe3a2fe
Correction for TZ on Microsoft systems.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36146
diff
changeset
|
437 does not use @code{TZ} at all. |
25829 | 438 @item USER |
29107 | 439 The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this |
25829 | 440 defaults to @samp{root}. |
441 @item VERSION_CONTROL | |
442 Used to initialize the @code{version-control} variable (@pxref{Backup | |
443 Names}). | |
444 @end table | |
445 | |
446 @node Misc Variables | |
447 @appendixsubsec Miscellaneous Variables | |
448 | |
449 These variables are used only on particular configurations: | |
450 | |
29107 | 451 @table @env |
25829 | 452 @item COMSPEC |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
453 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, the name of the command interpreter to use |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
454 when invoking batch files and commands internal to the shell. On MS-DOS |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
455 this is also used to make a default value for the @env{SHELL} environment |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
456 variable. |
25829 | 457 |
458 @item NAME | |
29107 | 459 On MS-DOS, this variable defaults to the value of the @env{USER} |
25829 | 460 variable. |
461 | |
462 @item TEMP | |
463 @itemx TMP | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
464 On MS-DOS and MS-Windows, these specify the name of the directory for |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
465 storing temporary files in. |
25829 | 466 |
467 @item EMACSTEST | |
468 On MS-DOS, this specifies a file to use to log the operation of the | |
469 internal terminal emulator. This feature is useful for submitting bug | |
470 reports. | |
471 | |
472 @item EMACSCOLORS | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
473 On MS-DOS, this specifies the screen colors. It is useful to set them |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
474 this way, since otherwise Emacs would display the default colors |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
475 momentarily when it starts up. |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
476 |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
477 The value of this variable should be the two-character encoding of the |
25829 | 478 foreground (the first character) and the background (the second |
479 character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the | |
480 hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode | |
36505
a7400c1ee57f
(Misc Variables): Add example for setting EMACSCOLORS on MS-DOS.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36502
diff
changeset
|
481 display. For example, to get blue text on a lightgray backgraound, |
a7400c1ee57f
(Misc Variables): Add example for setting EMACSCOLORS on MS-DOS.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36502
diff
changeset
|
482 specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and |
a7400c1ee57f
(Misc Variables): Add example for setting EMACSCOLORS on MS-DOS.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36502
diff
changeset
|
483 7 is the code of the lightgray color. |
25829 | 484 |
485 The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However, | |
486 Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used | |
487 for the background, so all four bits of the background color are | |
488 actually used. | |
489 | |
490 @item WINDOW_GFX | |
491 Used when initializing the Sun windows system. | |
492 @end table | |
493 | |
494 @node Display X | |
495 @appendixsec Specifying the Display Name | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
496 @cindex display name (X Window System) |
29107 | 497 @cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable |
25829 | 498 |
29107 | 499 The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including |
25829 | 500 Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set up by default |
501 in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs | |
502 locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for | |
503 example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program | |
504 remotely, displaying on your local screen. | |
505 | |
506 With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to | |
507 let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
508 window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in |
25829 | 509 to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or |
510 because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there. | |
511 | |
29107 | 512 The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is |
25829 | 513 @samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the |
514 host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an | |
515 arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal) | |
516 from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a | |
517 rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal | |
518 screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If | |
519 included, @var{screen} is usually zero. | |
520 | |
521 For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is | |
522 the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your | |
29107 | 523 @env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}. |
25829 | 524 |
525 You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either | |
29107 | 526 by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d |
25829 | 527 @var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example: |
528 | |
529 @smallexample | |
530 emacs --display=glasperle:0 & | |
531 @end smallexample | |
532 | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
533 You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
534 @samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary ASCII on |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
535 its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option. |
25829 | 536 |
537 Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system | |
538 from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs | |
539 produces messages like this: | |
540 | |
541 @smallexample | |
542 Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server | |
543 @end smallexample | |
544 | |
545 @noindent | |
546 You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @code{xhost} | |
547 command on the local system to give permission for access from your | |
548 remote machine. | |
549 | |
550 @node Font X | |
551 @appendixsec Font Specification Options | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
552 @cindex font name (X Window System) |
25829 | 553 |
554 By default, Emacs displays text in the font named @samp{9x15}, which | |
555 makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You can | |
556 specify a different font on your command line through the option | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
557 @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is an alias for |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
558 @samp{-fn}). |
25829 | 559 |
560 @table @samp | |
561 @item -fn @var{name} | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
562 @itemx --font=@var{name} |
25829 | 563 Use font @var{name} as the default font. |
564 @end table | |
565 | |
566 Under X, each font has a long name which consists of eleven words or | |
567 numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter | |
568 nicknames---@samp{9x15} is such a nickname. You can use either kind of | |
569 name. You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets | |
570 X choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. Here is an example, | |
571 which happens to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}: | |
572 | |
573 @smallexample | |
574 emacs -fn "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" & | |
575 @end smallexample | |
576 | |
577 @noindent | |
578 You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file: | |
579 | |
580 @smallexample | |
581 emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1 | |
582 @end smallexample | |
583 | |
584 A long font name has the following form: | |
585 | |
586 @smallexample | |
587 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} | |
588 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset} | |
589 @end smallexample | |
590 | |
591 @table @var | |
36296
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
592 @item maker |
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
593 This is the name of the font manufacturer. |
25829 | 594 @item family |
595 This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}. | |
596 @item weight | |
597 This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other | |
598 words may appear here in some font names. | |
599 @item slant | |
600 This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique), | |
601 @samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other). | |
602 @item widthtype | |
603 This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed} | |
604 or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names. | |
605 @item style | |
606 This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most | |
607 long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point. | |
608 @item pixels | |
609 This is the font height, in pixels. | |
610 @item height | |
611 This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's | |
612 point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point | |
613 size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution, | |
614 @var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common | |
615 to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other. | |
616 @item horiz | |
617 This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for | |
618 which the font is intended. | |
619 @item vert | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
620 This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for |
25829 | 621 which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on |
622 your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally | |
623 specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}. | |
624 @item spacing | |
625 This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c} | |
36296
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
626 (character cell). |
25829 | 627 @item width |
628 This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten. | |
629 @item charset | |
630 This is the character set that the font depicts. | |
631 Normally you should use @samp{iso8859-1}. | |
632 @end table | |
633 | |
36296
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
634 You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is, |
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
635 a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with |
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
636 @samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a |
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
637 fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @code{xlsfonts} program to |
94ea84369e43
(Font X): Add description of the manufacturer font
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36295
diff
changeset
|
638 list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system: |
25829 | 639 |
640 @example | |
641 xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+" | |
642 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*' | |
643 xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*' | |
644 @end example | |
645 | |
646 @noindent | |
647 To see what a particular font looks like, use the @code{xfd} command. | |
648 For example: | |
649 | |
650 @example | |
651 xfd -fn 6x13 | |
652 @end example | |
653 | |
654 @noindent | |
655 displays the entire font @samp{6x13}. | |
656 | |
657 While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame | |
658 (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text | |
659 (@pxref{Faces}). | |
660 | |
661 @node Colors X | |
662 @appendixsec Window Color Options | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
663 @cindex color of window (X Window System) |
33012
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
664 @cindex text colors, from command line |
25829 | 665 |
33012
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
666 @findex list-colors-display |
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
667 @cindex available colors |
25829 | 668 On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various |
669 parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on | |
33012
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
670 your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
671 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu. |
33012
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
672 If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the |
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
673 background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a |
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
674 monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white, |
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
675 and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the |
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
676 background is usually black and the foreground is white. |
25829 | 677 |
33012
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
678 Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors: |
25829 | 679 |
680 @table @samp | |
681 @item -fg @var{color} | |
682 @itemx --foreground-color=@var{color} | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
683 Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
684 name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
685 components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}. |
25829 | 686 @item -bg @var{color} |
687 @itemx --background-color=@var{color} | |
688 Specify the background color. | |
689 @item -bd @var{color} | |
690 @itemx --border-color=@var{color} | |
691 Specify the color of the border of the X window. | |
692 @item -cr @var{color} | |
693 @itemx --cursor-color=@var{color} | |
694 Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is. | |
695 @item -ms @var{color} | |
696 @itemx --mouse-color=@var{color} | |
697 Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window. | |
698 @item -r | |
699 @itemx --reverse-video | |
700 Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors. | |
701 @end table | |
702 | |
703 For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor, | |
704 enter: | |
705 | |
706 @example | |
707 emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' & | |
708 @end example | |
709 | |
710 You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the | |
711 @samp{-r} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}. | |
712 | |
36297
94f4470b51a4
(Colors X): Use @samp instead of @code for
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36296
diff
changeset
|
713 The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on |
36841
13fd83760b06
Change "character terminals" to "text-only terminals".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36617
diff
changeset
|
714 text-only terminals as well as on window systems. |
33012
df207c5f631f
(Colors X): Document support for -fg, -bg, and -rv
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
31169
diff
changeset
|
715 |
25829 | 716 @node Window Size X |
717 @appendixsec Options for Window Geometry | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
718 @cindex geometry (X Window System) |
25829 | 719 |
720 The @samp{-geometry} option controls the size and position of the | |
721 initial Emacs frame. Here is the format for specifying the window | |
722 geometry: | |
723 | |
724 @table @samp | |
725 @item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset} | |
726 Specify window size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character | |
727 columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} | |
728 (measured in pixels). | |
729 | |
730 @item --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset} | |
731 This is another way of writing the same thing. | |
732 @end table | |
733 | |
734 @noindent | |
735 @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus sign or a minus sign. A plus | |
736 sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of | |
737 the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus | |
738 sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the | |
739 screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom. | |
740 The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or | |
741 negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction. | |
742 | |
743 Emacs uses the same units as @code{xterm} does to interpret the geometry. | |
744 The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font | |
36544
ea96fad2da67
(Window Size X): Document how Emacs sets the units for frame width if
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36505
diff
changeset
|
745 creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional |
ea96fad2da67
(Window Size X): Document how Emacs sets the units for frame width if
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36505
diff
changeset
|
746 font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The |
ea96fad2da67
(Window Size X): Document how Emacs sets the units for frame width if
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36505
diff
changeset
|
747 @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels. |
25829 | 748 |
749 Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the | |
750 frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
751 specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
752 menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
753 toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
754 the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional. |
25829 | 755 |
756 You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry | |
757 specification. | |
758 | |
759 If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the window manager | |
760 decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by letting you place | |
761 it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55} specifies a window 164 | |
762 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width windows side by side, and 55 | |
763 lines tall. | |
764 | |
765 The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is | |
766 40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If | |
767 you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the | |
768 width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs | |
769 interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width; | |
770 @samp{x45} specifies just the height. | |
771 | |
772 If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset, | |
773 which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the | |
774 @var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always | |
775 @var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the | |
776 @var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen. | |
777 | |
778 You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in | |
779 @file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a | |
780 @samp{--geometry} option. | |
781 | |
782 @node Borders X | |
783 @appendixsec Internal and External Borders | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
784 @cindex borders (X Window System) |
25829 | 785 |
786 An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The | |
787 internal border is an extra strip of the background color around all | |
788 four edges of the frame. Emacs itself adds the internal border. The | |
789 external border is added by the window manager outside the internal | |
790 border; it may contain various boxes you can click on to move or iconify | |
791 the window. | |
792 | |
793 @table @samp | |
794 @item -ib @var{width} | |
795 @itemx --internal-border=@var{width} | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
796 Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border, in pixels. |
25829 | 797 |
798 @item -bw @var{width} | |
799 @itemx --border-width=@var{width} | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
800 Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels. |
25829 | 801 @end table |
802 | |
803 When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the | |
804 borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the | |
805 external border. | |
806 | |
807 Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border | |
808 @var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to | |
809 specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may | |
810 not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the | |
811 external border is 2. | |
812 | |
813 @node Title X | |
814 @appendixsec Frame Titles | |
815 | |
816 An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame | |
817 title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the name | |
818 of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the default | |
819 title is the name of the executable program (if there is only one frame) | |
820 or the selected window's buffer name (if there is more than one frame). | |
821 | |
822 You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command | |
823 line option: | |
824 | |
825 @table @samp | |
826 @item -title @var{title} | |
827 @itemx --title=@var{title} | |
828 @itemx -T @var{title} | |
829 Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame. | |
830 @end table | |
831 | |
832 The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources X}) also specifies the title | |
833 for the initial Emacs frame. | |
834 | |
835 @node Icons X | |
836 @appendixsec Icons | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34221
diff
changeset
|
837 @cindex icons (X Window System) |
25829 | 838 |
839 Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing | |
840 it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its | |
841 place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again. | |
842 If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up | |
843 the screen by iconifying most of the clients. | |
844 | |
845 @table @samp | |
846 @item -i | |
847 @itemx --icon-type | |
848 Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon. | |
849 | |
850 @item -iconic | |
851 @itemx --iconic | |
852 Start Emacs in iconified state. | |
853 @end table | |
854 | |
855 The @samp{-i} or @samp{--icon-type} option tells Emacs to use an icon | |
856 window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. If omitted, Emacs lets the | |
857 window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small | |
858 rectangle containing the frame's title. | |
859 | |
860 The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon, | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
861 rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
862 is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
863 appear until you deiconify it. |
25829 | 864 |
865 @node Resources X | |
866 @appendixsec X Resources | |
867 @cindex resources | |
868 | |
869 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user options | |
870 under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify default | |
871 values for these options in your X resources file, usually named | |
872 @file{~/.Xdefaults}. | |
873 | |
874 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a | |
875 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs | |
876 (optionally even for all programs). | |
877 | |
878 Programs define named resources with particular meanings. They also | |
879 define how to group resources into named classes. For instance, in | |
880 Emacs, the @samp{internalBorder} resource controls the width of the | |
881 internal border, and the @samp{borderWidth} resource controls the width | |
882 of the external border. Both of these resources are part of the | |
883 @samp{BorderWidth} class. Case distinctions are significant in these | |
884 names. | |
885 | |
886 In @file{~/.Xdefaults}, you can specify a value for a single resource | |
887 on one line, like this: | |
888 | |
889 @example | |
890 emacs.borderWidth: 2 | |
891 @end example | |
892 | |
893 @noindent | |
894 Or you can use a class name to specify the same value for all resources | |
895 in that class. Here's an example: | |
896 | |
897 @example | |
898 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 | |
899 @end example | |
900 | |
901 If you specify a value for a class, it becomes the default for all | |
902 resources in that class. You can specify values for individual | |
903 resources as well; these override the class value, for those particular | |
904 resources. Thus, this example specifies 2 as the default width for all | |
905 borders, but overrides this value with 4 for the external border: | |
906 | |
907 @example | |
908 emacs.Borderwidth: 2 | |
909 emacs.borderwidth: 4 | |
910 @end example | |
911 | |
912 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter. | |
913 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file. | |
914 | |
915 The string @samp{emacs} in the examples above is also a resource | |
916 name. It actually represents the name of the executable file that you | |
917 invoke to run Emacs. If Emacs is installed under a different name, it | |
918 looks for resources under that name instead of @samp{emacs}. | |
919 | |
920 @table @samp | |
921 @item -name @var{name} | |
922 @itemx --name=@var{name} | |
923 Use @var{name} as the resource name (and the title) for the initial | |
924 Emacs frame. This option does not affect subsequent frames, but Lisp | |
925 programs can specify frame names when they create frames. | |
926 | |
927 If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs | |
928 executable's name as the resource name. | |
929 | |
930 @item -xrm @var{resource-values} | |
931 @itemx --xrm=@var{resource-values} | |
932 Specify X resource values for this Emacs job (see below). | |
933 @end table | |
934 | |
935 For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for | |
936 other resource values that do not belong to any particular frame. | |
937 | |
938 The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class; its | |
939 name is @samp{Emacs}. If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of | |
940 @samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs, | |
941 regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the executable | |
942 file. Here is an example: | |
943 | |
944 @example | |
945 Emacs.BorderWidth: 2 | |
946 Emacs.borderWidth: 4 | |
947 @end example | |
948 | |
949 You can specify a string of additional resource values for Emacs to | |
950 use with the command line option @samp{-xrm @var{resources}}. The text | |
951 @var{resources} should have the same format that you would use inside a file | |
952 of X resources. To include multiple resource specifications in | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
953 @var{resources}, put a newline between them, just as you would in a file. |
25829 | 954 You can also use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} to include a file full |
955 of resource specifications. Resource values specified with @samp{-xrm} | |
956 take precedence over all other resource specifications. | |
957 | |
958 The following table lists the resource names that designate options | |
959 for Emacs, each with the class that it belongs to: | |
960 | |
961 @table @asis | |
962 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background}) | |
963 Background color name. | |
964 | |
965 @item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon}) | |
966 Use a bitmap icon (a picture of a gnu) if @samp{on}, let the window | |
967 manager choose an icon if @samp{off}. | |
968 | |
969 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor}) | |
970 Color name for the external border. | |
971 | |
972 @item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth}) | |
973 Width in pixels of the external border. | |
974 | |
975 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
976 Color name for text cursor (point). | |
977 | |
978 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font}) | |
979 Font name for text (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}). | |
980 | |
981 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
982 Color name for text. | |
983 | |
984 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry}) | |
985 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as | |
986 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well | |
987 as the Emacs frame itself. | |
988 | |
989 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the | |
990 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame | |
991 name, only that frame). However, the size if specified here applies to | |
992 all frames. | |
993 | |
994 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title}) | |
995 Name to display in the icon. | |
996 | |
997 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth}) | |
998 Width in pixels of the internal border. | |
999 | |
30861 | 1000 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class LineSpacing) |
1001 @cindex line spacing | |
1002 @cindex leading | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1003 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels. |
30861 | 1004 |
25829 | 1005 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar}) |
1006 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if @samp{off}. | |
1007 | |
34221 | 1008 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar}) |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1009 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1010 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1011 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1012 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
34221 | 1013 |
25829 | 1014 @item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer}) |
1015 If @samp{none}, don't make a minibuffer in this frame. | |
1016 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. | |
1017 | |
1018 @item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font}) | |
1019 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. | |
1020 | |
1021 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground}) | |
1022 Color of the mouse cursor. | |
1023 | |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1024 @ignore |
30861 | 1025 @item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap}) |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1026 If @samp{on}, use a private colormap, in the case where the ``default |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1027 visual'' of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it. |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1028 @end ignore |
30861 | 1029 |
25829 | 1030 @item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo}) |
1031 Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as | |
1032 specified if @samp{off}. | |
1033 | |
30861 | 1034 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma}) |
1035 @cindex gamma correction | |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1036 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1037 @code{screen-gamma}. |
25829 | 1038 |
1039 @item @code{selectionFont} (class @code{Font}) | |
1040 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. (For | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1041 toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{LessTif |
25829 | 1042 Resources}.) |
1043 | |
30861 | 1044 @item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous}) |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1045 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}. Synchronous mode is |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1046 useful for debugging X problems. |
30861 | 1047 |
25829 | 1048 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title}) |
1049 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame. | |
30861 | 1050 |
1051 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars}) | |
1052 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if | |
1053 @samp{off}. | |
25829 | 1054 @end table |
1055 | |
1056 Here are resources for controlling the appearance of particular faces | |
1057 (@pxref{Faces}): | |
1058 | |
1059 @table @code | |
1060 @item @var{face}.attributeFont | |
1061 Font for face @var{face}. | |
1062 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground | |
1063 Foreground color for face @var{face}. | |
1064 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground | |
1065 Background color for face @var{face}. | |
1066 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline | |
1067 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for | |
1068 yes. | |
1069 @end table | |
1070 | |
1071 @node Lucid Resources | |
1072 @section Lucid Menu X Resources | |
1073 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) | |
1074 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources | |
1075 | |
1076 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit | |
1077 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget and | |
1078 has its own resources. The resource names contain @samp{pane.menubar} | |
1079 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation or @samp{Emacs} | |
1080 which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them like this: | |
1081 | |
1082 @example | |
1083 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1084 @end example | |
1085 | |
1086 @noindent | |
1087 For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, | |
1088 write this: | |
1089 | |
1090 @example | |
1091 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16 | |
1092 @end example | |
1093 | |
1094 @noindent | |
1095 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have | |
1096 @samp{menu*}, in like fashion. For example, to specify the font | |
1097 @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this: | |
1098 | |
1099 @example | |
1100 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16 | |
1101 @end example | |
1102 | |
1103 @noindent | |
1104 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: | |
1105 | |
1106 @example | |
1107 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16 | |
1108 @end example | |
1109 | |
1110 @noindent | |
1111 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add | |
1112 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On | |
1113 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. | |
1114 | |
1115 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: | |
1116 | |
1117 @table @code | |
1118 @item font | |
1119 Font for menu item text. | |
1120 @item foreground | |
1121 Color of the foreground. | |
1122 @item background | |
1123 Color of the background. | |
1124 @item buttonForeground | |
1125 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item. | |
1126 @item horizontalSpacing | |
1127 Horizontal spacing in pixels between items. Default is 3. | |
1128 @item verticalSpacing | |
1129 Vertical spacing in pixels between items. Default is 1. | |
1130 @item arrowSpacing | |
1131 Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and | |
1132 the associated text. Default is 10. | |
1133 @item shadowThickness | |
1134 Thickness of shadow line around the widget. | |
30923 | 1135 @item margin |
36146
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1136 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. The default of 4 makes the |
885408f5ce84
New general discussion of the environment.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35490
diff
changeset
|
1137 menu bar appear like the LessTif/Motif one. |
25829 | 1138 @end table |
1139 | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1140 @node LessTif Resources |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1141 @section LessTif Menu X Resources |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1142 @cindex Menu X Resources (LessTif widgets) |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1143 @cindex LessTif Widget X Resources |
25829 | 1144 |
1145 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit | |
36502
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1146 with the LessTif or Motif widgets, then the menu bar is a separate |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1147 widget and has its own resources. The resource names contain |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1148 @samp{pane.menubar} (following, as always, the name of the Emacs |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1149 invocation or @samp{Emacs} which stands for all Emacs invocations). |
3f0def4a4210
Minor cleanups. Rename `Motif Resources' node to `LessTif Resources'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36500
diff
changeset
|
1150 Specify them like this: |
25829 | 1151 |
1152 @smallexample | |
1153 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1154 @end smallexample | |
1155 | |
1156 Each individual string in the menu bar is a subwidget; the subwidget's | |
1157 name is the same as the menu item string. For example, the word | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1158 @samp{File} in the menu bar is part of a subwidget named |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1159 @samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}. Most likely, you want to specify the |
25829 | 1160 same resources for the whole menu bar. To do this, use @samp{*} instead |
1161 of a specific subwidget name. For example, to specify the font | |
1162 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this: | |
1163 | |
1164 @smallexample | |
1165 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1166 @end smallexample | |
1167 | |
1168 @noindent | |
1169 This also specifies the resource value for submenus. | |
1170 | |
1171 Each item in a submenu in the menu bar also has its own name for X | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1172 resources; for example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1173 @samp{Save (current buffer)}. A resource specification for a submenu |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1174 item looks like this: |
25829 | 1175 |
1176 @smallexample | |
1177 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1178 @end smallexample | |
1179 | |
1180 @noindent | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1181 For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1182 buffer)} item: |
25829 | 1183 |
1184 @smallexample | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1185 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16 |
25829 | 1186 @end smallexample |
1187 | |
1188 @noindent | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1189 For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Spell-Check Message} |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1190 under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this |
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1191 template: |
25829 | 1192 |
1193 @smallexample | |
1194 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value} | |
1195 @end smallexample | |
1196 | |
1197 @noindent | |
1198 For example, | |
1199 | |
1200 @smallexample | |
36500
3dfa039c6a8c
Many typo-fixes and clarifications from Dr Francis J. Wright
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36364
diff
changeset
|
1201 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Spell-Check Message: @var{value} |
25829 | 1202 @end smallexample |
1203 | |
1204 It's impossible to specify a resource for all the menu-bar items | |
1205 without also specifying it for the submenus as well. So if you want the | |
1206 submenu items to look different from the menu bar itself, you must ask | |
1207 for that in two steps. First, specify the resource for all of them; | |
1208 then, override the value for submenus alone. Here is an example: | |
1209 | |
1210 @smallexample | |
1211 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1212 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1213 @end smallexample | |
1214 | |
1215 @noindent | |
1216 For toolkit pop-up menus, use @samp{menu*} instead of | |
1217 @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for | |
1218 the pop-up menu items, write this: | |
1219 | |
1220 @smallexample | |
1221 Emacs.menu*.fontList: 8x16 | |
1222 @end smallexample | |
1223 | |
1224 @iftex | |
1225 @medbreak | |
1226 @end iftex | |
1227 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: | |
1228 | |
1229 @table @code | |
1230 @item armColor | |
1231 The color to show in an armed button. | |
1232 @item fontList | |
1233 The font to use. | |
1234 @item marginBottom | |
1235 @itemx marginHeight | |
1236 @itemx marginLeft | |
1237 @itemx marginRight | |
1238 @itemx marginTop | |
1239 @itemx marginWidth | |
1240 Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border. | |
1241 @item borderWidth | |
1242 The width of border around the menu item, on all sides. | |
1243 @item shadowThickness | |
1244 The width of the border shadow. | |
1245 @item bottomShadowColor | |
1246 The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right. | |
1247 @item topShadowColor | |
1248 The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left. | |
1249 @end table |