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annotate etc/TUTORIAL.sk @ 57211:98f763c22ee4

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(ido-max-directory-size): New defcustom. (ido-decorations): Add "too big" element. (ido-directory-too-big): New dynamic var. (ido-may-cache-directory): Don't cache big directories. (ido-directory-too-big-p): New defun. (ido-set-current-directory): Update ido-directory-too-big. (ido-read-internal): Make empty ido-cur-item if too-big. (ido-buffer-internal): Use ido-read-internal directly instead of ido-read-buffer. (ido-file-internal): Init ido-directory-too-big. (ido-complete): <TAB> If ido-directory-too-big is set, clear it, and redo completion with full list. (ido-toggle-ignore): <C-a> If ido-directory-too-big is set, clear it, and show completions. (ido-all-completions): Let bind ido-directory-too-big to nil. (ido-exhibit): Handle ido-directory-too-big. (ido-read-buffer): Handle fallback to read-buffer. Init ido-directory-too-big. (ido-read-file-name, ido-read-directory-name, ido-completing-read): Init ido-directory-too-big.
author Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
date Fri, 24 Sep 2004 23:48:48 +0000 (2004-09-24)
parents 695cf19ef79e
children fe937402466e 375f2633d815
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 Copyright (c) 1985 Free Software Foundation, Inc; podmienky pozri na konci.
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2 Do �e�tiny prelo�il Milan Zamazal <pdm@zamazal.org>, do sloven�iny Miroslav
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3 Va�ko <zemiak@zoznam.sk>.
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4
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5 M�te pred sebou t�torial k Emacsu.
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6
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7 Pr�kazy Emacsu v�eobecne vyu壌vaj� kl�vesu CONTROL (ob�as ozna�ovan� ako CTRL
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8 alebo CTL) alebo kl�vesu META (ob�as ozna�ovan� EDIT alebo ALT). Aby sme tieto
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9 n�zvy nemuseli st�le p�sa� v plnom znen�, budeme pou壌va� nasleduj�ce skratky:
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10 C-<chr> znamen� podr�a� kl�vesu CONTROL a stla�i� znak <chr>.
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11 Teda C-f znamen�: podr�te kl�vesu CONTROL a stla�te f.
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12 M-<chr> znamen� podr�a� kl�vesu META, EDIT alebo ALT a stla�i� <chr>.
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13 Ak nem�te �iadnu z kl�ves META, EDIT ani ALT, tak namiesto toho
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14 stla�te a pustite kl�vesu ESC a potom <chr>. Kl�vesu ESC budeme
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15 ozna�ova� <ESC>.
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16
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17 D�le�it� pozn�mka: pr�cu s Emacsom ukon蓁te stla�en�m C-x C-c (dva znaky).
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18 Znaky ">>" na �avom okraji ozna�uj� miesta, kde si m�te vysk昞a� pr�kaz. Napr.:
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19 <<Blank lines inserted here by startup of help-with-tutorial>>
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20 [Prostredn� �as� obrazovky je pr�zdna z�merne. Text pokra�uje ni捷ie.]
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21 >> Teraz stla�te C-v (view next screen) pre posun na �al�iu obrazovku.
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22 (Smelo do toho, spravte to pridr�an�m kl�vesy control a stla�en�m v.)
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23 Od tejto chv�le by ste toto mali robi� ak do蓁tate zobrazen�
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24 obrazovku.
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25
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26 V�imnite si, �e pri posuve obrazoviek v�dy zost�vaj� zobrazen� dva riadky
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27 z predch�dzaj�cej obrazovky; to poskytuje ur�it� n�v�znos� pri postupnom
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28 蓁tan� textu.
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29
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30 Prv� vec, ktor� potrebujete vedie� je, ako sa v texte pohybova�
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31 z jedn�ho miesta na druh�. U� viete, ako sa posun晥 o jednu obrazovku
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32 vpred, pomocou C-v. Na prechod o obrazovku sp篁 pou�ite M-v
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33 (podr�te kl�vesu META a stla�te v alebo stla�te <ESC>v ak
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34 nem�te kl�vesy META, EDIT ani ALT).
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35
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36 >> Sk�ste stla�i� M-v a potom C-v, nieko�ko kr�t to zopakujte.
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37
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38
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39 * ZHRNUTIE
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40 ----------
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41
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42 Na prezeranie obrazovkov�ch str�nok s� u�ito�n� nasleduj�ce pr�kazy:
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43
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44 C-v Posuv o obrazovku vpred
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45 M-v Posuv o obrazovku sp篁
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46 C-l Zmazanie obrazovky a znovuzobrazenie cel�ho textu,
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47 pritom sa text pod kurzorom presunie k stredu obrazovky.
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48 (Ide o Control-L a nie Control-1.)
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49
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50 >> N�jdite kurzor a zapam�tajte si, ak� je okolo neho text.
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51 Potom stla�te C-l.
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52 N�jdite kurzor znovu a v�imnite si, �e je okolo neho ten ist� text.
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53
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54 Na pohyb po cel�ch obrazovk�ch m�ete tie� pou�i� kl�vesy PageUp a PageDown,
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55 ak ich V畊 termin�l m�, ale pre pohyb s� efekt�vnej�ie kl�vesy C-v a M-v.
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56
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57 * Z�KLADN� OVL�DANIE KURZORU
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58 ----------------------------
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59
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60 Pohyb medzi obrazovkami je u�ito�n�, ale ako sa premiestnime na konkr�tne
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61 miesto v texte na obrazovke?
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62
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63 Je to mo�n� dosiahnu� nieko�k�mi sp�sobmi. Najz�kladnej麹m sp�sobom je
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64 pou�itie pr�kazov C-p, C-b, C-f a C-n. Ka�d� z t�chto pr�kazov presunie
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65 kurzor na obrazovke o jeden riadok alebo st�pec v danom smere.
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66 Tu je tabu�ka zn�zor�uj�ca smer posunu kurzoru vyvolan� t�mito �tyrmi
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67 pr�kazmi:
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68
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69 Predch�dzaj�ci riadok, C-p
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70 :
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71 :
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72 Dozadu, C-b .... Moment�lna poz�cia kurzoru .... Dopredu, C-f
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73 :
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74 :
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75 Nasleduj�ci riadok, C-n
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76
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77 >> Presu�te kurzor na prostredn� riadok tohto diagramu pomocou
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78 C-n alebo C-p. Potom stla�te C-l, aby ste na obrazovke videli cel�
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79 diagram vycentrovan�.
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80
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81 Pravdepodobne si tieto pr�kazy �ahko zapam�t�te pod�a za�iato�n�ch p�smen
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82 anglick�ch n�zvov: P ako previous (predch�dzaj�ci), N ako next (nasleduj�ci),
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83 B ako backward (sp篁), F ako forward (vpred). S� to z�kladn� pr�kazy pre
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84 pohyb kurzoru a budete ich pou壌va� st�le, tak�e by bolo ve�mi vhodn�, keby
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85 ste sa ich teraz nau�ili.
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86
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87 >> Stla�te nieko�ko kr�t C-n, aby ste kurzor presunuli na tento riadok.
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88
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89 >> Posu�te kurzor dovn�tra riadku pomocou nieko�k�ch C-f a potom hore
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90 stla�en�m C-p. Pozorujte, �o C-p rob�, ke� je kurzor uprostred riadku.
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91
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92 Ka�d� riadok textu kon蓁 znakom nov�ho riadku, ktor� ho odde�uje od
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93 nasleduj�ceho riadku. Znakom nov�ho riadku by mal by� ukon�en� aj posledn�
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94 riadok s�boru (napriek tomu, �e to Emacs nevy�aduje).
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95
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96 >> Vysk昞ajte C-b na za�iatku riadku. Kurzor by sa mal presun晥 na koniec
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97 predch�dzaj�ceho riadku, preto�e ho t�m presuniete cez znak nov�ho riadku.
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98
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99 C-f funguje analogicky ako C-b, tj. na konci riadku d�jde k presunu na
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100 �al麹 riadok.
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101
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102 >> Stla�te nieko�kokr�t C-b, tak�e uvid�te, kde sa nach�dza kurzor.
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103 Potom stl瘉ajte C-f, aby ste sa vr�tili na koniec riadku.
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104 Potom stla�te e�te raz C-f, aby ste sa presunuli na nasleduj�ci
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105 riadok.
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106
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107 Ke� kurzorom prejdete cez horn� alebo doln� okraj obrazovky, posunie sa
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108 text za pr�slu�n�m okrajom na obrazovku. T�to vlastnos� sa naz�va
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109 "scrollovanie". Umo条uje premiestni� kurzor na �ubovo�n� miesto v texte,
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110 bez toho, aby kurzor opustil obrazovku.
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111
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112 >> Sk�ste posun晥 kurzor pod doln� okraj obrazovky pomocou C-n a pozorujte,
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113 �o sa stane.
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114
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115 Ak je posun po znakoch pr�li� pomal�, m�ete sa pohybova� po
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116 slov�ch. M-f (Meta-f) rob� posun o slovo vpred a M-b rob� posun
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117 o slovo sp篁.
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118
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119 >> Stla�te nieko�ko kr�t M-f a M-b.
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120
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121 Ak sa kurzor nach�dza uprostred slova, M-f presunie kurzor na koniec
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122 tohto slova. Ak sa nach�dza kurzor v medzere medzi slovami, M-f presunie
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123 kurzor na koniec nasleduj�ceho slova. M-b pracuje analogicky v opa�nom
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124 smere.
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125
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126 >> Stla�te nieko�ko kr�t M-f a M-b spolu s C-f a C-b, aby ste videli
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127 v�sledky pr�kazov M-f a M-b vykon�van�ch z r�znych miest vn�tri slov
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128 a medzi nimi.
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129
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130 V�imnite si anal�gie medzi C-f a C-b na jednej strane a M-f a M-b na
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131 strane druhej. Meta znaky s� ve�mi �asto vyu壌van� pre oper�cie
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132 vz�ahuj�ce sa na entity definovan� jazykom (slov�, vety, odstavce),
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133 naopak Control znaky pracuj� na z�kladn�ch prvkoch nez�visl�ch na tom,
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134 �o pr�ve editujete (znaky, riadky, a pod.).
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135
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136 T�to anal�gia plat� tie� pre riadky a vety: C-a a C-e vykon�va presun
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137 na za�iatok a koniec riadku, M-a a M-e vykon�va presun na za�iatok a koniec
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138 vety.
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139
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140 >> Sk�ste nieko�ko kr�t C-a a potom nieko�ko kr�t C-e.
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141 Sk�ste nieko�ko kr�t M-a a potom nieko�ko kr�t M-e.
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142
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143 V�imnite si, �e opakovan� C-a nerob� ni�, ale opakovan� M-a v�dy
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144 vykon� presun na �al�iu vetu. Princ�pu anal�gie to s�ce pr�li�
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145 nezodpoved�, ale napriek tomu je toto chovanie mo�n� pova�ova� za prirodzen�.
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146
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147 Poz�cia kurzoru v texte sa tie� naz�va "bod" ("point"). Aby sme to
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148 parafr�zovali, kurzor je vidie� na obrazovke v mieste, kde je bod umiestnen�
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149 v texte.
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150
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151 Tu je preh�ad jednoduch�ch oper�ci� pre pohyb kurzoru vr�tane pr�kazov pre
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152 pohyb medzi slovami a vetami:
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153
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154 C-f Presun o znak vpred
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155 C-b Presun o znak sp篁
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156
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157 M-f Presun o slovo vpred
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158 M-b Presun o slovo sp篁
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159
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160 C-n Presun na nasleduj�ci riadok
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161 C-p Presun na predch�dzaj�ci riadok
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162
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163 C-a Presun na za�iatok riadku
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164 C-e Presun na koniec riadku
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165
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166 M-a Presun sp篁 na za�iatok vety
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167 M-e Presun vpred na koniec vety
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168
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169 >> Vysk昞ajte si teraz nieko�ko kr�t v�etky tieto pr�kazy kv�li cviku.
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170 S� to najpou壌vanej�ie pr�kazy.
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171
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172 �al�ie dva d�le�it� pr�kazy pre pohyb kurzoru s� M-< (Meta men�ie-ako),
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173 ktor� vykon� presun na za�iatok cel�ho textu, a M-> (Meta v粫麹-ako),
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174 ktor� vykon� presun na koniec cel�ho textu.
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175
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176 Na v粫�ine termin�lov je "<" nad �iarkou, tak�e pre vyvolanie tohto znaku
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177 mus�te pou�i� kl�vesu Shift. Na t�chto termin�loch je teda nutn� pou�i�
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178 kl�vesu Shift aj v pr�pade pr�kazu M-<; bez kl�vesy Shift by ste stla�ili
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179 M-�iarka.
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180
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181 >> Sk�ste teraz M-< pre presun na za�iatok t�torialu.
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182 Pou�ite potom opakovane C-v, aby ste sa op篁 vr�tili sem.
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183
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184 >> Sk�ste teraz M-> pre presun na koniec t�torialu.
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185 Pou�ite potom opakovane M-v, aby ste sa op篁 vr�tili sem.
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186
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187 Kurzor m�ete pres�va� tie� pomocou kurzorov�ch kl�ves (kl�vesy
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188 so 麹pkami), ak ich V畊 termin�l m�. My V�m v�ak doporu�ujeme nau�i� sa
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189 C-b, C-f, C-n a C-p, a to z troch d�vodov. Za prv�, tieto kl�vesy funguj�
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190 na v�etk�ch typoch termin�lov. Za druh�, akon�hle raz z�skate cvik
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191 v pou壌van� Emacsu, zist�te, �e pou壌v�nie t�chto CTRL znakov je
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192 r�chlej�ie ako pou壌vanie kurzorov�ch kl�ves (preto�e nemus�te pres�va�
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193 ruku z p�sacej poz�cie). Za tretie, ak si zvyknete pou壌va� tieto CTRL-znak
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194 pr�kazy, �ahko sa nau蓁te pou壌va� in� pokro�il� pr�kazy pre pohyb
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195 kurzoru.
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196
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197 V粫�ina pr�kazov Emacsu akceptuje numerick� argument; ten pre v粫�inu
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198 pr�kazov sl晴i ako opakova�. Po�et opakovan� pr�kazu zad�te
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199 prostredn�ctvom stla�enia C-u nasledovan�ho stla�en�m pr�slu�n�ch 蓁slic pred
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200 vyvolan�m pr�kazu. Ak m�te META (alebo EDIT �i ALT) kl�vesu, existuje
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201 alternat�vna mo�nos� zadania numerick�ho argumentu: pridr�te kl�vesu META
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202 a stla�te pr�slu�n� 蓁slice. Doporu�ujeme nau�i� sa C-u met�du,
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203 preto�e t� funguje na akomko�vek termin�le. 罷seln� argument sa tie� naz�va
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204 "prefixov� argument", preto�e ho p躪ete e�te pred pr�kazom, na ktor� sa
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205 vz�ahuje.
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206
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207 Napr�klad C-u 8 C-f vykon� presun o osem znakov vpred.
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208
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209 >> Sk�ste pou�i� C-n alebo C-p s numerick�m argumentom, na presun kurzoru
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210 k tomuto riadku s jedin�m pr�kazom.
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211
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212 V粫�ina pr�kazov pou壌va numerick� argument ako opakova�, ale niektor� pr�kazy
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213 ho pou壌vaj� in�m sp�sobom. Zop�r pr�kazov (ale �iaden z t�ch, ktor� ste sa
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214 doteraz nau�ili) ho pou壌va ako pr�znak -- pr�tomnos� 蓁seln�ho argumentu bez
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215 oh�adu na jeho hodnotu sp�sob�, �e sa pr�kaz spr�va in瘉.
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216
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217 In�m druhom v�nimky s� C-v a M-v. Ak dostan� numerick� argument, posun�
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218 obrazovku hore alebo dole o zodpovedaj�ci po�et riadkov namiesto obrazoviek.
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219 Napr�klad C-u 4 C-v posunie obrazovku o 4 riadky.
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220
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221 >> Sk�ste teraz stla�i� C-u 8 C-v.
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222
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223 To by malo posun晥 obrazovku o 8 riadkov hore. Pokia� by ste ju chceli
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224 posun晥 nasp篁 dole, m�ete da� argument pr�kazu M-v.
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225
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226 Ak pou壌vate X Windows, mali by ste ma� na �avej strane emacsov�ho okna
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227 vysok� obd緇nikov� oblas�, nazvan� scrollbar. M�ete potom text
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228 pos�va� klikan�m my�ou na scrollbar.
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229
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230 >> Sk�ste stla�i� prostredn� tla蓁tko na vrchole zv�raznenej oblasti
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231 vo vn�tri scrollbaru. To by malo text posun晥 na poz�ciu dan� t�m, ako
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232 vysoko alebo n�zko ste klikli.
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233
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234 >> Sk�ste pri stla�enom prostrednom tla�idle pos�va� my�ou hore a dole.
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235 Uvid�te, ako sa text pos�va hore a dole pod�a toho, ako
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236 h�bete my�ou.
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237
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238
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239 * KE� EMACS NEREAGUJE
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240 ---------------------
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241
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242 Ak Emacs prestane reagova� na Va�e pr�kazy, m�ete prebiehaj�cu
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243 �innos� bezpe�ne zastavi� pomocou C-g. Pomocou C-g m�ete zastavi�
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244 pr�kaz, ktor�ho �innos� trv� pr�li� dlho.
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245
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246 C-g m�ete pou�i� tie� pre odstr�nenie numerick�ho argumentu pr�kazu,
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247 ktor� nechcete dokon�i�.
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248
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249 >> Stla�te C-u 100 pre vytvorenie numerick�ho argumentu 100 a potom
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250 stla�te C-g. Teraz stla�te C-f. Kurzor by sa mal posun晥 iba
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251 o jeden znak, preto�e ste argument zru�ili prostredn�ctvom
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252 C-g.
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253
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254 Ak ste omylom stla�ili <ESC>, m�ete sa ho zbavi� pomocou C-g.
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255
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256
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257 * DEAKTIVOVAN� PR�KAZY
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258 ----------------------
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259
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260 Niektor� pr�kazy Emacsu s� "deaktivovan�" ("disabled"), aby ich
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261 za蓁naj�ci pou壌vatelia nemohli vyvola� n�hodne.
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262
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263 Ak vyvol�te niektor� z deaktivovan�ch pr�kazov, Emacs zobraz� hl�senie
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264 oznamuj�ce, ktor� pr�kaz to bol, s ot�zkou, �i chcete tento pr�kaz
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265 vykona�.
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266
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267 Ak naozaj chcete pr�kaz vysk昞a�, stla�te medzern�k ako odpove�
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268 na t�to ot�zku. Zvy�ajne, ak nechcete deaktivovan� pr�kaz
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269 vykona�, odpovedzte na t�to ot�zku pomocou "n".
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270
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271 >> Stla�te C-x C-l (�o je deaktivovan� pr�kaz),
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272 potom na ot�zku odpovedzte n.
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273
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274
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275 * OKN�
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276 ------
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277
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278 Emacs m�e ma� nieko�ko okien (windows), pritom ka�d� z nich zobrazuje svoj
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279 vlastn� text. Ako viac okien pou壌va�, objasn�me nesk�r. Teraz chceme
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280 objasni�, ako sa zbavi� nadbyto�n�ch okien a vr�ti� sa do z�kladnej
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281 jednookennej edit�cie. Je to jednoduch�:
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282
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283 C-x 1 Jedno okno (tj. zru�enie v�etk�ch ostatn�ch okien)
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284
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285 Teda vlo�enie Control-x nasledovan� 蓁slicou 1. C-x 1 roz麹ri okno
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286 obsahuj�ce kurzor cez cel� obrazovku. Zru麹 to v�etky ostatn� okn�.
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287
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288 >> Presu�te kurzor na tento riadok a stla�te C-u 0 C-l
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289 >> Stla�te Control-h k Control-f.
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290 Pozorujte, ako sa aktu�lne okno zmen麹 a objav� sa nov� okno
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291 kv�li zobrazeniu dokument�cie pre pr�kaz Control-f.
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292
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293 >> Stla�te C-x 1 a pozorujte, ako okno s dokument�ciou zmizne.
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294
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295 Tento pr�kaz sa odli�uje od u� nau�en�ch pr�kazov t�m, �e pozost�va z dvoch
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296 znakov. Za蓁na znakom CONTROL-x. Exostuje cel� s�ria pr�kazov za蓁naj�cich
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297 na CONTROL-x; ve�a z nich sa t�ka okien, s�borov, bufferov a s�visiacich vec�.
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298 Tieto pr�kazy pozost�vaj� z dvoch, troch alebo �tyroch znakov.
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299
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300
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301 * VKLADANIE A MAZANIE
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302 ---------------------
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303
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304 Ak chcete vlo�i� text, proste ho nap躪te. Znaky, ktor� vid�te,
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305 ako A, 7, *, at�., s� Emacsom ch�pan� ako text a vkladan� okam�ite.
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306 Pre vlo�enie znaku nov�ho riadku stla�te <Return> (kl�vesu Enter).
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307
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308 Posledn� znak, ktor� ste nap�sali, m�ete zmaza� stla�en�m <Delback>.
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309 <Delback> je kl�vesa na kl�vesnici -- t� ist�, ktor� norm�lne pou壌vate na
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310 zmazanie naposledy nap�san�ho znaku. Je to zvy�ajne ve�k� kl�vesa p�r riadkov
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311 nad kl�vesou <Return>, a je v粫�inou ozna�ovan� ako "Delete", "Del" alebo
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312 "Backspace".
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313
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314 Ak je ve�k� kl�vesa na tom mieste ozna�en� ako "Backspace", potom je to ona,
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315 ktor� budete pou壌va� ako <Delback>. M�e tam by� niekde inde e�te kl�vesa
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316 ozna�en� ako "Delete", ale to nie je <Delback>.
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317
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318 V�eobecne, <Delback> ma�e znak bezprostredne pred moment�lnou poz�ciou kurzoru.
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319
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320 >> Vykonajte to teraz -- nap躪te nieko�ko znakov a potom ich zma�te
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321 nieko�k�mi stla�eniami <Delback>. Nebojte sa zmien v tomto s�bore;
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322 origin�lny t�torial sa nezmen�. Toto je Va�a osobn� k�pia.
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323
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324 Ke� sa riadok textu zv粫麹 nato�ko, �e presiahne jeden riadok obrazovky, je
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325 zobrazen� na viacer�ch riadkoch obrazovky. Riadok textu, ktor� pokra�uje na
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326 �al�om riadku obrazovky, je indikovan� sp�tn�m lom�tkom ("\") (alebo, ak
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327 pou壌vate grafick� syst�m, mal� zakriven� 麹pka) na pravom okraji obrazovky.
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328
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329 >> Vkladajte text, pokia� nedosiahnete prav�ho okraju, a pokra�ujte vo
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330 vkladan�. Objav� sa V�m pokra�ovac� riadok.
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331
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332 >> Pou�ite <Delback> pre zmazanie textu, pokia� se riadok textu op篁 nevojde na
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333 jeden riadok obrazovky. Pokra�ovac� riadok zmizne.
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334
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335 Znak nov�ho riadku m�ete zmaza� ako ktor�ko�vek in� znak. Zmazanie
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336 znaku nov�ho riadku medzi dvoma riadkami sp�sob� ich spojenie do jedin�ho
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337 riadku. Ak je v�sledn� riadok pr�li� dlh� na to, aby sa vo�iel na 麹rku
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338 obrazovky, bude zobrazen� pokra�ovac�m riadkom.
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339
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340 >> Presu�te kurzor na za�iatok riadku a stla�te <Delback>. To tento
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341 riadok spoj� s riadkom predch�dzaj�cim.
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342
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343 >> Stla�te <Return> pre znovuvlo�enie zmazan�ho znaku nov�ho riadku.
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344
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345 Spome�te si, �e v粫�ina pr�kazov Emacsu m�e dosta� po�et opakovan�;
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346 vr�tane textov�ch znakov. Opakovanie textov�ch znakov ich vlo壌
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347 nieko�ko kr�t.
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348
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349 >> Vysk昞ajte si to -- stla�te C-u 8 * pre vlo�enie ********.
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350
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351 Teraz u� pozn�te najz�kladnej�ie sp�soby, ako nie�o v Emacse nap�sa� a ako
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352 opravova� chyby. M�ete ale tie� maza� text po slov�ch alebo po riadkoch.
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353 Tu je zhrnutie oper�ci� pre mazanie textu:
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354
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355 <Delback> Zmazanie znaku bezprostredne pred kurzorom
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356 C-d Zmazanie znaku nasleduj�ceho za kurzorom
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357
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358 M-<Delback> Zru�enie slova bezprostredne pred kurzorom
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359 M-d Zru�enie slova nasleduj�ceho za kurzorom
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360
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361 C-k Zru�enie textu od poz�cie kurzoru do konca riadku
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362 M-k Zru�enie textu do konca aktu�lnej vety
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363
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364 V�imnite si, �e <Delback> a C-d, resp. M-<Delback> a M-d, roz�iruj� paralelu
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365 za�at� C-f a M-f (pravda, <Delback> naozaj nie je control znak, ale t�m sa
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366 nebudeme tr�pi�). C-k a M-k s� ako C-e a M-e v zmysle vz�ahu riadkov k vet�m.
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367
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368 �ubovo�n� �as� buffera m�ete zru�i� aj nasleduj�cim sp�sobom. Presu�te sa
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369 na koniec tejto �asti a stla�te C-@ alebo C-SPC (�ubovo�n� z t�chto
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370 kombin�ci�). (SPC znamen� medzern�k.) Presu�te sa na druh� koniec tejto
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371 �asti a stla�te C-w. Text medzi t�mito poz�ciami bude zru�en�.
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372
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373 >> Presu�te kurzor na p�smeno � na za�iatku predch�dzaj�ceho odstavca.
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374 >> Stla�te C-SPC. Emacs by mal zobrazi� v spodnom riadku obrazovky spr�vu
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375 "Mark set".
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376 >> Presu�te kurzor na p�smeno c v slove "koniec" na druhom riadku
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377 odstavca.
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378 >> Stla�te C-w. Text, ktor� za蓁na p�smenom L a kon蓁 pred p�smenom "c"
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379 bude zru�en�.
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380
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381 Uvedomte si, �e rozdiel medzi "ru�en�m" ("killing") a "mazan�m"
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382 ("deleting") je ten, �e "zru�en�" veci m�u by� vhoden� sp篁, zatia� �o
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383 "zmazan�" nie. V�eobecne pr�kazy, ktor� m�u zmaza� v粫�ie mno�stvo
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384 textu, ukladaj� text, zatia� �o pr�kazy, ktor� ma醸 jedin� znak alebo
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385 iba pr�zdne riadky a medzery, mazan� text neukladaj�.
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386
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387 >> Presu�te kurzor na za�iatok nepr�zdneho riadku.
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388 Potom stla�te C-k pre zru�enie textu na tomto riadku.
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389 >> Stla�te C-k druh� kr�t. Uvid�te, �e to zru麹 znak nov�ho riadku, ktor�
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390 je za t�mto riadkom.
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391
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392 V�imnite si, �e jedno C-k zru麹 obsah riadku a druh� C-k zru麹 riadok
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393 samotn� a posunie v�etky �al�ie riadky hore. C-k spracov�va numerick�
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394 argument �peci�lne: zru麹 zodpovedaj�ci po�et riadkov VR�TANE ich
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395 obsahu. To u� nie je opakovanie. C-u 2 C-k zru麹 dva riadky a ich
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396 obsah; dvojit� stla�enie C-k by toto obvykle nespravilo.
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397
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398 Vracanie textov sp篁 sa naz�va "vhadzovanie" ("yanking"). (Predstavte
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399 si op�tovn� vhadzovanie, vracanie sp篁 textu, ktor� bol odstr�nen�.)
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400 Zmazan� text m�ete vhodi� bu� na to ist� miesto, odkia� bol zmazan�,
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401 alebo na in� miesto v bufferi, alebo dokonca aj do in�ho s�boru.
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402 Text m�ete vhodi� aj viac kr�t, ke� vytv�rate jeho �al�ie k�pie.
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403
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404 Pr�kazom na vhadzovanie je C-y. Tento pr�kaz vlo壌 posledn� zmazan�
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405 text na poz�ciu, na ktorej sa nach�dza kurzor.
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406
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407 >> Sk�ste to; stla�te C-y pre vhodenie textu sp篁.
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408
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409 Ak stla蓁te C-k nieko�ko kr�t po sebe. v�etok zmazan� text je ulo�en�
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410 spolu tak, aby bolo mo�n� vhodi� sp篁 v�etky riadky naraz.
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411
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412 >> Stla�te nieko�ko kr�t C-k.
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413
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414 Teraz obnovte naposledy zru�en� text:
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415
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416 >> Stla�te C-y. Potom posu�te kurzor o nieko�ko riadkov ni捷ie a stla�te
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417 C-y znovu. Teraz vid�te, ako je mo�n� kop�rova� text.
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418
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419 �o ke� m�te nejak� text, ktor� by ste radi vhodili sp篁 a potom zru麹te
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420 nie�o in�ho? C-y by vlo�ilo posledn� zru�en� text. Ale predch�dzaj�ci
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421 text ni je straten�. M�ete ho z�ska� sp篁 pou�it�m pr�kazu M-y. Potom,
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422 �o sprav�te C-y pre z�skanie posledn�ho zru�en�ho textu, stla�enie M-y
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423 vymen� tento vhoden� text za predch�dzaj�ci zru�en� text. �al麹mi a
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424 �al麹mi stla�eniami M-y dost�vate predch�dzaj�ce a predch�dzaj�ce zru�en�
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425 texty. Ke� dosiahnete text, ktor� h�ad�te, nemus�te s n�m pre jeho
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426 uchovanie ni� �al�ieho robi�. Jednoducho vhoden� text ponechajte, kde
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427 je, a pokra�ujte v edit�cii.
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428
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429 Ak opakujete M-y dostato�ne dlho, dostanete se sp篁 k v�chodziemu
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430 bodu (posledne zru�en�mu textu).
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431
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432 >> Zru�te riadok, presu�te kurzor niekam inam a zru�te in� riadok.
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433 Potom vykonajte C-y pre vr�tenie druh�ho zru�en�ho riadku.
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434 Potom stla�te M-y a vhoden� riadok bude nahraden� prv�m zru�en�m riadkom.
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435 Opakujte M-y a pozorujte, �o dost�vate. Pokra�ujte v tom, pokia� sa
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436 znova neobjav� druh� zru�en� riadok a potom nieko�ko �al麹ch.
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437 Ak chcete, m�ete sk�si� preda� M-y kladn� a z�porn� argumenty.
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438
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439
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440 * UNDO
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441 ------
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442
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443 Ak vykon�te v texte zmenu a potom zist�te, �e to bol omyl, m�ete
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444 zmenu vr�ti� pr�kazom undo, C-x u.
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445
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446 C-x u obvykle vr�ti zmeny vykonan� jedn�m pr�kazom; pokia� C-x u
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447 zopakujete nieko�ko kr�t po sebe, ka�d� opakovanie vr�ti jeden �al麹
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448 pr�kaz.
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449
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450 S� ale dve v�nimky: pr�kazy, ktor� nemenia text, sa nepo蓁taj� (to
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451 zah瑩a pr�kazy pre pohyb kurzoru a rolovanie) a znaky vkladaj�ce
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452 samy seba s� obvykle spracov�van� v skupin�ch a� po 20. (To je kv�li
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453 tomu, aby sa zredukoval po�et C-x u nutn�ch pre vr�tenie vkladan�ho
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454 textu.)
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455
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456 >> Zru�te tento riadok pomocou C-k, stla�te potom C-x u a riadok by sa mal
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457 znova objavi�.
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458
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459 Alternat�vny undo pr�kaz je C-_; pracuje rovnako ako C-x u, je v�ak
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460 menej pracn� ho aplikova� nieko�ko kr�t za sebou. Nev�hodou C-_ je, �e
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461 na niektor�ch kl�vesniciach nie je jasn�, ako ho vyvola�. To je d�vod,
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462 pre�o pon�kame aj C-x u. Na niektor�ch termin�loch m�ete C-_ vyvola�
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463 stla�en�m / pri stla�enom CTRL.
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464
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465 Numerick� argument pre C-_ a C-x u funguje ako po�et opakovan�.
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466
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467 Pomocou pr�kazu undo m�ete vr�ti� zru�en� aj zmazan� text. Rozdiel medzi
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parents: 38690
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468 mazan�m a ru�en�m textu ovplyv�uje mo�nos� vhodenia tohto textu pomocou
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469 C-y, neovplyv�uje ale mo�nosti pr�kazu undo.
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470
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471
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472 * S�BORY
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473 --------
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474
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475 Aby text, ktor� editujete, zostal trvale uchovan�, mus�te ho ulo�i� do
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476 s�boru. Inak by bol po ukon�en� Emacsu straten�. Svoju edit�ciu
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477 spoj�te so s�borom "vyh�adan�m" ("finding") s�boru. (Tie� sa to
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478 naz�va "nav�t�venie" ("visiting") s�boru.)
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479
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480 Vyh�adanie s�boru znamen�, �e vid�te jeho obsah v Emacse. V mnoh�ch
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481 oh�adoch je to, ako by ste editovali priamo ten s�bor. Napriek tomu zmeny,
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482 ktor� prostredn�ctvom Emacsu rob�te, sa nestan� trval�mi, pokia� tieto
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483 zmeny do s�boru "neulo壌te" ("save"). T�m sa zamedz� nechcen�mu ponechaniu
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484 �iasto�ne zmenen�ho s�boru v syst�me. Dokonca aj ke� s�bor ulo壌te,
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485 Emacs uchov� p�vodn� s�bor pod zmenen�m n�zvom pre pr�pad, �e by ste
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486 zistili, �e va�e �pravy boli chybn�.
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487
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488 Ke� sa pozriete do dolnej �asti obrazovky, uvid�te riadok, ktor� za蓁na a
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parents: 44361
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489 kon蓁 poml�kami a na za�iatku m� "--:-- TUTORIAL.sk" alebo nie�o podobn�ho.
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490 T�to �as� obrazovky obvykle obsahuje meno s�boru, ktor� je pr�ve
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491 nav�t�ven�. Akur�t teraz m�te nav�t�ven� s�bor nazvan� "TUTORIAL.sk",
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492 ktor� je Va�ou osobnou �m�raciou k�piou t�torialu Emacsu. Ke� v Emacse
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493 vyh�ad�te s�bor, jeho meno sa objav� presne na tom mieste.
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494
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495 �al�ou vecou s�visiacou s pr�kazom pre vyh�adanie s�boru je to, �e mus�te
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496 poveda�, ktor� meno s�boru chcete. Hovor�me, �e pr�kaz "蓁ta argument
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497 z termin�lu" (v tomto pr�pade je argumentom meno s�boru). Potom, �o
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498 vyvol�te pr�kaz
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499
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500 C-x C-f Vyh�adanie s�boru
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501
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502 Emacs sa V�s op�ta na meno s�boru. Meno s�boru, ktor� p躪ete, sa
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503 objavuje v spodnom riadku obrazovky, ktor� sa v�tejto situ�cii naz�va
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504 minibuffer. Pre edit�ciu mena s�boru m�ete pou壌va� obvykl� edita�n�
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505 pr�kazy Emacsu.
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506
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507 Zad�vanie mena s�boru (v�eobecne ak�ko�vek vstup z minibuffera) m�ete
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508 zru�i� pr�kazom C-g.
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509
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510 >> Stla�te C-x C-f a potom C-g. To minibuffer zru麹 a tie� to zru麹
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511 pr�kaz C-x C-f, ktor� minibuffer pou�il. Tak�e nevyh�ad�te �iadny
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512 s�bor.
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513
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parents: 44361
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514 Po nap�san� mena s�boru stla�te <Return> na jeho ukon�enie.
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515 Pr�kaz C-x C-f potom za�ne pracova� a vyh�ad� s�bor, ktor� ste zvolili.
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516 Po skon�en� pr�kazu C-x C-f minibuffer zmizne.
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517
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518 Po malej chv�li sa obsah s�boru objav� na obrazovke a m�ete ho
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519 editova�. Ke� chcete zmeny natrvalo ulo�i�, pou�ite pr�kaz
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520
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parents:
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521 C-x C-s Ulo�enie s�boru
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parents:
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522
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523 To skop�ruje text z Emacsu do s�boru. Ke� to sprav�te prv� kr�t, Emacs
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parents:
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524 premenuje p�vodn� s�bor na s�bor s nov�m menom, aby nebol straten�.
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parents:
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525 Nov� meno je vytvoren� pridan�m "~" na koniec p�vodn�ho mena s�boru.
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526
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527 Ke� je ukladanie dokon�en�, Emacs zobraz� meno zap�san�ho s�boru.
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parents:
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528 Mali by ste uklada� rozumne �asto, aby ste nestratili pr�li� ve�a pr�ce
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parents:
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529 v pr�pade p�du syst�mu.
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parents:
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530
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parents:
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531 >> Stla�te C-x C-s pre ulo�enie Va�ej k�pie t�torialu.
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parents:
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532 Malo by to zobrazi� "Wrote ...TUTORIAL.sk" v spodnom riadku obrazovky.
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533
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534 POZN�MKA: Na niektor�ch syst�moch sp�sob� stla�enie C-x C-s zatuhnutie
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535 obrazovky a nevid�te �iadny �al麹 v�stup z Emacsu. To znamen�, �e
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536 "vlastnos�" opera�n�ho syst�mu nazvan� "flow control" zachyt�va C-s a
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parents:
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537 nepust� ho k Emacsu. Pre odtuhnutie obrazovky stla�te C-q. Potom
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parents:
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538 v sekcii "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" v manu�le Emacsu
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parents:
diff changeset
539 vyh�adajte radu, ako sa vysporiada� s touto "vlastnos�ou".
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parents:
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540
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541 Existuj�ci s�bor m�ete vyh�ada�, aby ste ho mohli prehliada� alebo
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542 editova�. M�ete tie� vyh�ada� s�bor, ktor� e�te neexistuje. To je
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parents:
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543 sp�sob, ak�m sa d� vytvori� s�bor v Emacse: vyh�adajte s�bor, ktor�
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parents:
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544 bude na za�iatku pr�zdny a potom za�nite vklada� text ur�en� pre tento
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parents:
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545 s�bor. Ke� po�iadate o ulo�enie, Emacs skuto�ne vytvor� s�bor
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parents:
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546 s textom, ktor� ste vlo�ili. Od tej chv�le sa potom m�ete c�ti�, ako
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547 keby ste editovali u� existuj�ci s�bor.
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parents:
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548
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549
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550 * BUFFERY
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parents:
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551 ---------
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552
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553 Ak vyh�ad�te pomocou C-x C-f druh� s�bor, prv� s�bor v Emacse
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parents:
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554 zost�va. M�ete sa do� sp篁 prepn晥 jeho op�tovn�m vyh�adan�m
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parents:
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555 pomocou C-x C-f. T�mto sp�sobom m�ete do Emacsu dosta� pomerne ve�a
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parents:
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556 s�borov.
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557
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parents:
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558 >> Vytvorte s�bor pomenovan� "foo" stla�en�m C-x C-f foo <Return>.
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parents:
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559 Potom vlo�te nejak� text, zme�te ho a ulo�te "foo" stla�en�m C-x C-s.
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560 Nakoniec stla�te C-x C-f TUTORIAL.sk <Return>, 蓁m sa vr�tite sp篁 do
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parents:
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561 t�torialu.
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562
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563 Emacs uklad� text ka�d�ho s�boru do objektu naz�van�ho "buffer".
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564 Vyh�adanie s�boru vytvor� v Emacse nov� buffer. Ak chcete vidie� zoznam
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parents:
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565 bufferov, ktor� moment�lne existuj� vo Va�om procese Emacs, stla�te:
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parents:
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566
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567 C-x C-b Zoznam bufferov
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568
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parents:
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569 >> Sk�ste teraz C-x C-b.
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570
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parents: 44361
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571 Uvid�te, �e ka�d� buffer m� v zozname meno a m�e tam ma� tie� meno s�boru,
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parents: 44361
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572 ktor�ho text obsahuje. AK�KO�VEK text, ktor� vid�te v emacsovom okne, je v�dy
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
573 s淼as�ou nejak�ho bufferu.
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574
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575 >> Stla�te C-x 1, aby ste sa zbavili zoznamu bufferov.
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576
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parents: 44361
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577 Ak m�te nieko�ko bufferov, iba jeden z nich je "aktu�lny". Je to ten buffer,
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parents: 44361
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578 ktor� pr�ve upravujete. Ak chcete upravova� in� buffer, mus�te sa do�ho
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
579 "prepn晥". Ak sa chcete prepn晥 do bufferu so s�borom, m�ete ho znova otvori�
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
580 pr�kazom C-x C-f. Ale existuje jednoduch麹 sp�sob: pou�ite pr�kaz C-x b. Pri
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
581 tomto pr�kaze mus�te nap�sa� meno bufferu.
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
582
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
583 >> Nap躪te C-x b foo <Return> na vr�tenie sa do bufferu "foo", ktor� uchov�va
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
584 text s�boru "foo". Potom nap躪te C-x b TUTORIAL.sk <Return> na vr�tenie sa
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
585 do tohto n�vodu.
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
586
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parents: 44361
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587 V粫�inu �asu, meno bufferu je tak� ist� ako meno s�boru (bez n�zvu adres�ra).
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
588 Ale nie je to v�dy pravda. Zoznam bufferov vytvoren� s C-x C-b v�dy uk畩e men�
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
589 ka�d�ho bufferu.
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
590
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
591 HOCAK� text, ktor� vid�te v okne Emacsu je v�dy �as� nejak�ho bufferu.
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
592 Niektor� buffery nezodpovedaj� s�borom. Napr�klad, buffer pomenovan�
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
593 "*Buffer List*" nem� �iadny s�bor. Je to buffer, ktor� obsahuje zoznam
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
594 bufferov, vytvoren� pomocou C-x C-b. Buffer nazvan� "*Messages*" tie�
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
595 nezodpoved� s�boru�obsahuje spr�vy, ktor� sa objavili na spodnom riadku po�as
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
596 v畊ho sedenia s Emacsom.
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
597
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
598 >> Nap躪te C-x b *Messages* <Return> a pozrite sa na buffer so spr�vami. Potom
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
599 nap躪te C-x b TUTORIAL.sk <Return> na vr�tenie sa do tohto n�vodu.
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
600
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601 Ak zmen�te text jedn�ho s�boru a potom vyh�ad�te in� s�bor,
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parents:
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602 nesp�sob� to ulo�enie prv�ho s�boru. Jeho zmeny zost�vaj� v Emacse
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603 uchovan� v jemu zodpovedaj�com buffere. Vytvorenie a �prava druh�ho
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parents:
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604 s�boru nem� �iadny vplyv na buffer prv�ho s�boru. To je ve�mi
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605 u�ito�n�, ale tie� to znamen�, �e potrebujete vhodn� sp�sob, ako ulo�i�
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606 buffer prv�ho s�boru. Nutnos� prepn晥 sa sp篁 pomocou C-x C-f, aby
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607 ho bolo mo�n� ulo�i� prostredn�ctvom C-x C-s, by bola nemiestne
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608 ob�a�uj�ca. Tak�e m�me
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parents:
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609
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parents:
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610 C-x s Ulo�enie niektor�ch bufferov
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611
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612 C-x s sa V�s sp�ta na ka�d� buffer, ktor� obsahuje zmeny, ktor� ste
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parents:
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613 neulo�ili. Pre ka�d� tak� buffer sa V�s sp�ta, �i ho m� ulo�i�.
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614
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615 >> Vlo�te riadok textu a potom stla�te C-x s.
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616 Emacs by sa V�s mal op�ta�, �i m� by� ulo�en� buffer nazvan� TUTORIAL.sk.
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617 Odpovedzte na t�to ot�zku �no (yes) stla�en�m "y".
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618
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619
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620 * ROZ�IROVANIE SADY PR�KAZOV
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621 ----------------------------
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622
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623 Existuje omnoho, omnoho viac pr�kazov Emacsu, ako tie, ktor� by v�bec mohli
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624 by� rozmiestnen� na v�etky control a meta znaky. Emacs tento probl�m
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625 obch�dza prostredn�ctvom X (eXtend) pr�kazu. Ten vznik� dvoma sp�sobmi:
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626
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627 C-x Znakov� eXtend. Nasledovan� jedn�m znakom.
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parents:
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628 M-x Pomenovan� pr�kaz eXtend. Nasledovan� dlh�m n�zvom.
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629
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630 To s� pr�kazy, ktor� s� v�eobecne u�ito�n�, ale menej �asto pou壌van�
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631 ako tie, ktor� ste sa u� nau�ili. U� ste videli dva z nich: s�borov�
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632 pr�kazy C-x C-f pre vyh�adanie a C-x C-s pre ulo�enie. In� pr�klad je
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633 pr�kaz pre ukon�enie Emacsu -- tj. pr�kaz C-x C-c. (Nemajte obavy
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634 o stratu zmien, ktor� ste spravili; C-x C-c pon�kne ulo�enie ka�d�ho
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635 zmenen�ho s�boru pred t�m, ne� sa Emacs skon蓁.)
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636
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637 C-z je pr�kaz na *do�asn�* opustenie Emacsu -- m�ete sa po �om do
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638 spusten�ho Emacsu vr�ti�.
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639
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640 Na syst�moch, ktor� to umo条uj�, C-z Emacs "pozastav�"; tzn. vr�ti V�s
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641 do shellu, ale Emacs neskon蓁. V najbe�nej麹ch shelloch sa m�ete do
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642 Emacsu vr�ti� pr�kazom `fg' alebo pomocou `%emacs'.
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643
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644 Na syst�moch, ktor� pozastavovanie procesov nemaj� implementovan�, C-z
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645 vytvor� subshell be�iaci pod Emacsom, aby V�m dal �ancu spusti� in�
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646 programy a potom sa do Emacsu vr�ti�; nevykon� teda prav� opustenie
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647 Emacsu. V tom pr�pade je obvyklou cestou n�vratu zo subshellu do Emacsu
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648 shellov� pr�kaz `exit'.
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649
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650 Chv躓a pre pou�itie C-x C-c nastane vtedy, ke� sa chyst�te odhl�si� sa zo
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651 syst�mu. Spr�vne je to tie� pri ukon�ovan� Emacsu vyvolan�ho po�tov�m
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652 programom a r�znymi in�mi utilitami, preto�e tie nemusia vedie�, ako si poradi�
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parents: 44361
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653 s pozastaven�m Emacsu. Napriek tomu za norm�lnych okolnost�, pokia� sa
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parents: 44361
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654 nechyst�te odhl�si�, je lep�ie Emacs pozastavi� pomocou C-z ako ho ukon�i�.
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655
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656 Existuje mnoho C-x pr�kazov. Tu je zoznam t�ch, ktor� ste sa u� nau�ili:
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657
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658 C-x C-f Vyh�adanie s�boru
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659 C-x C-s Ulo�enie s�boru
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660 C-x C-b Zoznam bufferov
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661 C-x C-c Ukon�enie Emacsu
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662 C-x 1 Zru�enie v�etk�ch okien okrem jedn�ho
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663 C-x u Undo
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664
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665 Pomenovan� eXtended pr�kazy s� pr�kazy, ktor� s� pou壌van� e�te menej, alebo
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
666 pr�kazy, ktor� s� pou壌van� iba v ist�ch m�doch. Pr�kladom je pr�kaz
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
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667 replace-string, ktor� glob�lne nahrad� jeden re�azec in�m. Ke� stla蓁te M-x,
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parents: 44361
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668 vyp躪e sa na spodnom riadku obrazovky prompt M-x a vy by ste mali zada� meno
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
669 pr�kazu; v tomto pr�pade "replace-string". Jednoducho nap躪te "repl s<TAB>"
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
670 a Emacs n�zov dopln�. (<TAB> je kl�vesa Tab, be�ne sa nach�dza nad kl�vesou
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
671 CapsLock alebo Shift na �avom okraji kl�vesnice.) Skon�ite zad�vanie mena
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
672 pr�kazu pomocou <Return>.
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673
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674 Pr�kaz replace-string vy�aduje dva argumenty -- re�azec, ktor� m� by�
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parents:
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675 nahraden�, a re�azec, ktor� ho m� nahradi�. Ka�d� argument mus�te
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parents:
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676 ukon�i� pomocou <Return>.
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677
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678 >> Presu�te kurzor na pr�zdny riadok dva riadky pod t�mto.
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parents:
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679 Potom nap躪te M-x repl s<Return>zmenil<Return>modifikoval<Return>.
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parents:
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680
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681 V�imnite si, ako sa tento riadok zmenil: nahradili ste slovo
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682 z-m-e-n-i-l slovom "modifikoval", kdeko�vek sa za aktu�lnou poz�ciou
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parents:
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683 kurzoru vyskytlo.
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parents:
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684
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685
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parents:
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686 * AUTOMATICK� UKLADANIE
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parents:
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687 -----------------------
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688
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689 Ak ste spravili zmeny v s�bore, ale nem�te ich e�te ulo�en�,
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parents:
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690 m�u by� v pr�pade p�de syst�mu straten�. Aby v�s Emacs pred t�m ochr�nil,
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691 periodicky zapisuje "auto save" s�bor pre ka�d� s�bor, ktor�
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parents:
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692 editujete. Meno auto save s�boru m� na za�iatku a na konci #;
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693 napr�klad ak sa V畊 soubor naz�va "hello.c", jeho auto save
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parents: 44361
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694 s�bor sa naz�va "#hello.c#". Ak s�bor ulo壌te norm�lnym sp�sobom,
37387
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695 Emacs auto save s�bor zma�e.
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parents:
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696
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parents:
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697 Ak nastane p�d syst�mu, m�ete svoje �pravy obnovi� z auto-save
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parents:
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698 s�boru, a to norm�lnym vyh�adan�m s�boru (toho, ktor� ste editovali,
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parents:
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699 nie auto save s�boru) a n�sledn�m spusten�m M-x recover-file<return>.
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parents:
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700 Na �iados� o potvrdenie odpovedzte zadan�m yes<return> pre pokra�ovanie a
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parents:
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701 obnovenie auto-save d�t.
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parents:
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702
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parents:
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703
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parents:
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704 * ECHO OBLAS�
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parents:
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705 -------------
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parents:
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706
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parents:
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707 Ke� Emacs vid�, �e p躪ete pr�kazy pomaly, ukazuje V�m ich v spodnej
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
708 �asti obrazovky v oblasti naz�vanej "echo oblas�". Echo oblas� obsahuje
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709 doln� riadok obrazovky.
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parents:
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710
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parents:
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711
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parents:
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712 * STAVOV� RIADOK
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parents:
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713 ----------------
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parents:
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714
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parents:
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715 Riadok bezprostredne nad echo oblas�ou sa naz�va "stavov� riadok"
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parents:
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716 ("mode line").
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parents:
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717 Stavov� riadok vrav� nie�o ako:
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parents:
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718
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parents: 44361
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719 --:** TUTORIAL.sk (Fundamental)--L670--58%----------------
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720
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parents:
diff changeset
721 Tento riadok pod�va u�ito�n� inform�ciu o stave Emacsu a texte, ktor�
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parents:
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722 editujete.
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parents:
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723
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parents:
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724 U� viete, �o znamen� meno s�boru -- je to s�bor, ktor� ste vyh�adali.
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parents:
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725 -NN%-- ozna�uje Va�u aktu�lnu poz�ciu v texte; vrav�, �e NN percent textu
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parents:
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726 je nad horn�m okrajom obrazovky. Ak je za�iatok s�boru na obrazovke, je
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parents:
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727 tu --Top-- a nie --00%--. Ak je koniec textu na obrazovke, je tu
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parents:
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728 --Bot--. Ak sa d�vate na tak mal� text, �e sa cel� vojde na obrazovku,
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parents:
diff changeset
729 stavov� riadok vrav� --All--.
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parents:
diff changeset
730
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
731 P�smeno L a 蓁slice ozna�uj� poz�ciu in�m sp�sobom, ud�vaj� riadok, na ktorom
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
732 sa nach�dza kurzor.
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
733
37387
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734 Hviezdi�ky bl�zko za�iatku znamenaj�, �e ste text zmenili. Tesne po
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parents:
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735 vyh�adan� alebo ulo�en� s�boru v tejto �asti stavov�ho riadku nie s� �iadne
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parents:
diff changeset
736 hviezdi�ky, iba poml�ky.
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parents:
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737
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parents:
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738 �as� stavov�ho riadku v z�tvork�ch vrav�, v ak�ch edita�n�ch m�doch sa
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parents:
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739 nach�dzate. Implicitn� m�d je Fundamental, �o je ten, ktor� moment�lne
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parents:
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740 pou壌vate. Je pr�kladom hlavn�ho m�du ("major mode").
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parents:
diff changeset
741
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parents:
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742 Emacs m� cel� rad hlavn�ch m�dov. Niektor� z nich s� ur�en� pre
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parents:
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743 editovanie r�znych programovac�ch jazykov a/alebo textov ako napr. Lisp m�d,
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parents:
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744 Text m�d, at�. V �ubovo�nom okamihu je akt�vny pr�ve jeden hlavn� m�d a
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parents:
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745 jeho meno je mo�n� n�js� v stavovom riadku na mieste, kde je teraz
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parents:
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746 "Fundamental".
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parents:
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747
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parents:
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748 Ka�d� hlavn� m�d men� chovanie niektor�ch pr�kazov. Napr�klad existuj�
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parents:
diff changeset
749 pr�kazy pre vytv�ranie koment�rov v programe, a preto�e ka�d� programovac�
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parents:
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750 jazyk m� in� predstavu o tom, ako m� koment�r vyzera�,
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parents:
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751 mus� ka�d� hlavn� m�d vklada� koment�re inak. Ka�d� hlavn� m�d je
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parents:
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752 vlastne meno extended pr�kazu, ktor�m sa do tohoto m�du m�ete
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parents:
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753 prepn晥. Napr�klad M-x fundamental-mode je pr�kaz pre prepnutie sa do
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parents:
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754 Fundamental m�du.
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parents:
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755
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
756 Ak sa chyst�t meni� norm�lny text, ako napr�klad tento s�bor, pravdepodobne by
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
757 ste mali pou�i� Text m�d.
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
758 > Nap躪te M-x text-mode <Return>.
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759
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760 Nebojte sa, �iadny z pr�kazov, ktor� ste sa nau�ili, chovanie Emacsu nijako
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parents:
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761 v�znamne nezmen�. M�ete si ale v�imn晥, �e M-f a M-b teraz pracuj�
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parents:
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762 s apostrofmi ako so s淼as�ou slova. Pred t�m, vo Fundamental m�de, M-f
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parents:
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763 a M-b pracovali s apostrofmi ako odde�ova�mi slov.
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parents:
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764
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parents:
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765 Hlavn� m�dy oby�ajne robia men�ie zmeny, ako bola t�to: pr�kazy v粫�inou
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parents:
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766 robia "to ist�", ale v ka�dom hlavnom m�de pracuj� trochu inak.
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parents:
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767
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parents:
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768 Dokument�ciu k aktu�lnemu hlavn�mu m�du si m�ete zobrazi� stla�en�m C-h m.
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parents:
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769
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parents:
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770 >> Raz alebo viac kr�t pou�ite C-u C-v, aby ste tento riadok dostali
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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771 na vrchol obrazovky.
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parents:
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772 >> Stla�te C-h m, aby ste videli, ako sa Text m�d l躪i od Fundamental
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parents:
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773 m�du.
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parents:
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774 >> Stla�te C-x 1 pre odstr�nenie dokument�cie z obrazovky.
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parents:
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775
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parents:
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776 Hlavn� m�dy sa naz�vaj� hlavn� preto, �e tie� existuj� ved�aj�ie m�dy
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parents:
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777 (minor modes). Ved�aj�ie m�dy nie s� alternat�vou k hlavn�m m�dom, ale
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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778 ich mal� modifik�cie. Ka�d� ved�aj麹 m�d m�e by� zapnut� alebo vypnut�
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parents:
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779 s�m o sebe nez�visle na v�etk�ch ostatn�ch ved�aj麹ch m�doch a nez�visle na
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parents:
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780 hlavnom m�de. Tak�e nemus�te pou壌va� �iadny ved�aj麹 m�d alebo m�ete
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 pou壌va� jeden ved�aj麹 m�d alebo �ubovo�n� kombin�ciu nieko�k�ch
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 ved�aj麹ch m�dov.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 Jedn�m z ve�mi u�ito�n�ch ved�aj麹ch m�dov, hlavne pre �pravy slovensk�ch
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 textov, je Auto Fill m�d. Ke� je tento m�d zapnut�, Emacs zalom� riadok
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 medzi dvoma slovami, kedyko�vek vklad�te text a riadok sa stane pr�li�
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 dlh�m.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 Auto Fill m�d m�ete zapn晥 vykonan�m M-x auto-fill-mode<Return>.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 Ak je tento m�d zapnut�, m�ete ho vypn晥 vykonan�m M-x
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 auto-fill-mode<Return>. Ak je m�d vypnut�, tento pr�kaz ho zap�na,
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 a ak je m�d zapnut�, tak ho tento pr�kaz vyp�na. Vrav�me, �e tento
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 pr�kaz prep�na ("toggles") tento m�d.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 >> Nap躪te te�a M-x auto-fill-mode<Return>. Potom vkladajte "asdf " st�le
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 dookola tak dlho, pokia� neuvid�te, ako sa vkladan� riadok rozdel� na dva
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 riadky. Do textu mus�te vklada� medzery preto, �e Auto Fill m�d
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 zalamuje riadky iba v medzer�ch.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 Okraj je obvykle nastaven� na 70 znakov, ale m�ete to zmeni� pr�kazom
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 C-x f. Hodnotu okraju, ktor� si prajete, by ste mali preda� ako
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 numerick� argument.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 >> Nap躪te C-x f s argumentom 20. (C-u 2 0 C-x f).
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 Potom nap躪te nejak� text a pozorujte, ako Emacs vyp纈a riadky po
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 20. znakoch. Potom nastavte okraj sp篁 na 70 op�tovn�m pou�it�m
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 C-x f.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808
49151
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
809 Ak sprav�te zmeny uprostred odstavca, Auto Fill m�d ho
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
810 nepreform�tuje.
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 Pre preform�tovanie odstavca stla�te M-q (Meta-q) s kurzorom vn�tri
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 odstavca.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 >> Presu�te kurzor do predch�dzaj�ceho odstavcu a stla�te M-q.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 * VYH�AD�VANIE
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 --------------
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 Emacs vie v texte vyh�ad�va� re�azce (tj. skupiny spojen�ch znakov alebo
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 slov) smerom vpred alebo vzad. H�adanie re�azca je pr�kaz pres�vaj�ci
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 kurzor; presunie kurzor na najbli捷ie miesto, kde sa tento re�azec nach�dza.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 Vyh�ad�vac� pr�kaz Emacsu sa l躪i od vyh�ad�vac�ch pr�kazov v粫�iny
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 editorov v tom zmysle, �e je "inkrement�lny". To znamen�, �e vyh�ad�vanie
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 sa rob� u� v okam�iku, ke� zad�vate h�adan� re�azec.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 Pr�kaz pre h�adanie vpred je C-s a pre h�adanie vzad C-r.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 POZOR! E�te to nesk昞ajte.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 Ke� stla蓁te C-s, uvid�te v echo oblasti prompt "I-search". To V�m
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 vrav�, �e Emacs sa nach�za v stave, ktor� sa naz�va inkrement�lne h�adanie,
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 a �ak�, k�m mu zad�te, �o chcete h�ada�. <RET> h�adanie ukon蓁.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 >> Teraz za�nite h�adanie stla�en�m C-s. POMALY, p�smeno po p�smene, p躪te
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 49151
diff changeset
836 slovo 'kurzor'. Po ka�dom p�smene si v�imnite, �o sa deje s kurzorom.
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 Teraz ste vyh�adali "kurzor" prv� kr�t.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838 >> Stla�te C-s znova, aby ste na�li �al麹 v�skyt slova "kurzor".
49151
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
839 >> Teraz �tyri kr�t stla�te <Delback> a pozerajte, ako sa kurzor
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 pres�va.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 >> Stla�te <RET> pre ukon�enie h�adania.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 Videli ste, �o sa stalo? Emacs sa v inkrement�lnom h�adan� pok昞a
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 prejs� na �al麹 v�skyt re�azca, ktor� ste dosia� nap�sali. Ak chcete
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 prejs� na �al麹 v�skyt 'kurzor', jednoducho stla�te C-s zas.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 Ak u� �iadny tak� v�skyt nie je, Emacs p�pne a povie V�m, �e
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 h�adanie moment�lne "zlyh�va", C-g h�adanie ukon蓁.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 POZN�MKA: Na niektor�ch syst�moch stla�enie C-s sp�sob� zatuhnutie
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 obrazovky a neuvid�te �iadny �al麹 v�stup z Emacsu. To znamen�, �e
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 "vlastnos�" opera�n�ho syst�mu nazvan� "flow control" zachyt�va C-s a
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 nepust� ho k Emacsu. Pre odtuhnutie obrazovky stla�te C-q. Potom
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 vyh�adajte v sekcii "Spontaneous Entry to Incremental Search" v manu�le
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 Emacsu radu, ako ob�s� t�to "vlastnos�".
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855
49151
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
856 Ak uprostred inkrement�lneho h�adania stla蓁te <Delback>, uvid�te,
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 �e posledn� znak v h�adanom re�azci zmizne a h�adanie sa vracia na posledn�
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 miesto h�adania. Predpokladajme napr�klad, �e ste nap�sali "c", aby ste
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 na�li prv� v�skyt "k". Ak teraz stla蓁te "u", kurzor sa presunie na
49151
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
860 prv� v�skyt "ku". Teraz stla�te <Delback>. To vyma�e "u" z h�adan�ho
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 re�azca a kurzor sa presunie sp篁 na prv� v�skyt "k".
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 Ak uprostred h�adania stla蓁te control alebo meta znak (s nieko�k�mi
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 v�nimkami -- znaky, ktor� s� �peci�lne v h�adan�, ako C-s a C-r),
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 h�adanie bude ukon�en�.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 C-s za蓁na h�adanie, ktor� h�ad� ak�ko�vek v�skyt h�adan�ho re�azca ZA
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 aktu�lnu poz�ciu kurzoru. Ak chcete nie�o h�ada� v predch�dzaj�com texte,
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 stla�te namiesto C-s C-r. V�etko, �o sme povedali o C-s, plat� tie� o C-r
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 okrem toho, �e smer h�adania je opa�n�.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 * VIAC OKIEN
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 ------------
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 Jednou z pekn�ch vlastnost� Emacsu je to, �e m�e na obrazovke zobrazi�
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 viac okien s淼asne.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878
49151
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
879 >> Presu�te kurzor na tento riadok a stla�te C-u 0 C-l (to je CONTROL-L, nie
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
880 CONTROL-1).
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 >> Ak stla蓁te C-x 2, obrazovka sa rozdel� na dve okn�.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 Obidve okn� zobrazuj� tento t�torial. Kurzor zost�va na vrchu okna.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 >> Stla�te C-M-v pre rolovanie spodn�ho okna.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 (Ak nem�te skuto�n� kl�vesu Meta, stla�te ESC C-v.)
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 >> Stla�te C-x o ("o" ako "other") pre presun kurzoru do doln�ho okna.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 >> Pou�ite C-v a M-v v spodnom okne pre jeho rolovanie.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 Pokra�ujte v 蓁tan� t�chto in�trukci� v hornom okne.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 >> Znovu stla�te C-x o pre presun kurzoru sp篁 do horn�ho okna.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 Kurzor v hornom okne je presne na mieste, kde bol p�vodne.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 M�ete �alej pou壌va� C-x o pre prep�nanie medzi oknami. Ka�d� okno m� svoju
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 vlastn� poz�ciu kurzoru, ale kurzor zobrazuje iba jedno okno.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 V�etky obvykl� edita�n� pr�kazy platia pre okno, v ktorom sa nach�dza
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 kurzor. Toto okno naz�vame "akt�vne okno" ("selected window").
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 Pr�kaz C-M-v je ve�mi u�ito�n�, ak v jednom okne editujete text a
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 druh� okno pou壌vate iba pre preh�ad. M�ete nech�va� kurzor st�le
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 v okne, kde editujete, a postupova� po druhom okne pomocou C-M-v.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 C-M-v je pr�kladom CONTROL-META znaku. Ak m�te skuto�n� META kl�vesu,
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 m�ete vyvola� C-M-v pridr�an�m oboch kl�ves CTRL a META pri stla�en� v.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 Nez�le壌 na tom, �i stla蓁te ako prv� kl�vesu CTRL alebo META, preto�e obe
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 tieto kl�vesy funguj� ako modifik�tory kl�ves, ktor� stla蓁te.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 Ak nem�te skuto�n� META kl�vesu, m�ete namiesto nej pou�i� ESC, na
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 porad� z�le壌: mus�te stla�i� ESC a potom CTRL-v; CTRL-ESC v by
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parents:
diff changeset
911 nefungovalo. To preto, lebo ESC je samostatn� znak, a nie modifik�tor.
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parents:
diff changeset
912
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parents:
diff changeset
913 >> Stla�te C-x 1 (v hornom okne), aby ste sa zbavili doln�ho okna.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914
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parents:
diff changeset
915 (Ak by ste C-x 1 stla�ili v dolnom okne, odstr�nilo by to horn� okno.
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parents:
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916 Ch�pte tento pr�kaz ako "ponechaj akur�t jedno okno -- to, v ktorom
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parents:
diff changeset
917 akur�t som".)
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parents:
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918
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parents:
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919 Nemus�te v oboch okn�ch zobrazova� ten ist� buffer. Ak pou�ijete
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 C-x C-f pre vyh�adanie s�boru v jednom z okien, druh� okno sa nezmen�.
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parents:
diff changeset
921 M�ete vyh�ad�va� s�bory v oboch okn�ch nez�visle.
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parents:
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922
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parents:
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923 Tu je �al麹 sp�sob, ako vyu�i� dve okn� na zobrazenie dvoch r�znych vec�:
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924
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parents:
diff changeset
925 >> Stla�te C-x 4 C-f nasledovan� menom niektor�ho z Va�ich s�borov.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 Dokon�ite to pomocou <Return>. Vid�te zadan� s�bor v dolnom okne.
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parents:
diff changeset
927 Presunul sa tam aj kurzor.
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parents:
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928
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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929 >> Stla�te C-x o pre presun sp篁 do horn�ho okna a C-x 1 pre zmazanie
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parents:
diff changeset
930 doln�ho okna.
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parents:
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931
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parents:
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932
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parents:
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933 * REKURZ�VNE EDITA�N� �ROVNE
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 ----------------------------
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parents:
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935
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parents:
diff changeset
936 Ob�as sa dostanete do nie�oho, �o sa naz�va "rekurz�vna edita�n� �rove�"
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parents:
diff changeset
937 ("recursive editing level"). To je indikovan� hranat�mi z�tvorkami v
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 stavovom riadku obklopuj�cemu z�tvorky okolo mena hlavn�ho m�du.
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parents:
diff changeset
939 Napr�klad m�ete vidie� [(Fundamental)] namiesto (Fundamental).
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parents:
diff changeset
940
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parents:
diff changeset
941 Aby ste sa dostali z rekurz�vnej edita�nej �rovne, stla�te ESC ESC ESC.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 To je v�eobecn� "vyskakovac�" pr�kaz. M�ete ho pou�i� tie� pre odstr�nenie
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parents:
diff changeset
943 niektor�ch okien a vysko�enie z minibuffera.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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944
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parents:
diff changeset
945 >> Stla�te M-x, aby ste sa dostali do minibuffera; potom stla�te
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parents:
diff changeset
946 ESC ESC ESC, aby ste sa z neho dostali von.
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parents:
diff changeset
947
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parents:
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948 Z rekurz�vnej edita�nej �rovne nem�ete vysko�i� pomocou C-g. To preto, �e
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parents:
diff changeset
949 C-g je vyu壌van� pre ru�enie pr�kazov a argumentov VO VN�TRI rekurz�vnej
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parents:
diff changeset
950 edita�nej vrstvy.
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parents:
diff changeset
951
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parents:
diff changeset
952
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parents:
diff changeset
953 * Z�SKANIE �AL�EJ N�POVEDY
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parents:
diff changeset
954 --------------------------
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parents:
diff changeset
955
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parents:
diff changeset
956 V tomto t�toriale sme sa pok�sili V�m poskytn晥 dostatok inform�ci�,
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parents:
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957 aby ste mohli za�a� Emacs pou壌va�. V Emacse je toho to�ko, �e by bolo
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parents:
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958 nemo�n� to v�etko objasni� v tomto n�vode. V ka�dom pr�pade sa o Emacse
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parents:
diff changeset
959 m�ete nau�i� viac, preto�e m� ve�a u�ito�n�ch vlastnost�. Emacs pon�ka
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parents:
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960 pr�kazy pre 蓁tanie dokument�cie svojich pr�kazov. V�etky tieto "help"
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parents:
diff changeset
961 pr�kazy za蓁naj� znakom Control-h, ktor� sa naz�va "help znak".
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parents:
diff changeset
962
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parents:
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963 Pre pou�itie vlastnost� n�povedy stla�te znak C-h a potom znak hovoriaci,
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parents:
diff changeset
964 ak� druh n�povedy si �iadate. Ak ste NAOZAJ straten�, stla�te C-h ? a
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parents:
diff changeset
965 Emacs V�m povie, ak� druhy n�povedy V�m m�e poskytn晥. Ak ste stla�ili
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parents:
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966 C-h a potom ste sa rozhodli, �e �iadnu n�povedu nechcete, jednoducho ju
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parents:
diff changeset
967 zru�te stla�en�m C-g.
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parents:
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968
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parents:
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969 (Na niektor�ch po蓁ta�och je v�znam znaku C-h zmenen�. To by naozaj
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 nemalo by� v�eobecn�m nastaven�m pre v�etk�ch pou壌vate�ov, tak�e m�te pr�vo
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parents:
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971 pos�a�ova� sa syst�mov�mu administr�torovi. Do tej doby, ak C-h
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parents:
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972 nezobrazuje hl�senie o n�povede v dolnej �asti obrazovky, sk�ste namiesto
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parents:
diff changeset
973 toho pou壌va� kl�vesu F1 alebo M-x help RET.)
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parents:
diff changeset
974
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parents:
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975 Najz�kladnej麹 pr�kaz n�povedy je C-h c. Stla�te C-h, znak c a kl�vesov�
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parents:
diff changeset
976 pr�kaz; Emacs potom zobraz� ve�mi stru�n� popis pr�kazu.
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parents:
diff changeset
977
49151
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parents: 44361
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978 >> Stla�te C-h c C-p.
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
979
37387
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980 Hl�senie by malo vyzera� asi takto
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parents:
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981
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parents:
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982 C-p runs the command previous-line
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parents:
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983
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parents:
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984 To v�m oznamuje "meno funkcie". Men� funkci� s� pou壌van� hlavne pre
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parents:
diff changeset
985 konfigur�ciu a roz�irovanie Emacsu. Ale preto�e men� funkci� s� volen�
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parents:
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986 tak, aby nazna�ovali, �o zodpovedaj�ci pr�kaz rob�, m�u sl晴i� tie�
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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987 ako ve�mi stru�n� dokument�cia -- dostato�n� na to, aby V�m pripomenula
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 pr�kazy, ktor� ste sa u� nau�ili.
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parents:
diff changeset
989
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parents:
diff changeset
990 Viacznakov� pr�kazy ako C-x C-s a (ak nem�te META, EDIT ani ALT
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parents:
diff changeset
991 kl�vesu) <ESC>v s� pre C-h c povolen� tie�.
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parents:
diff changeset
992
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 Na z�skanie viac inform�ci� o pr�kaze pou�ite namiesto C-h c C-h k.
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parents:
diff changeset
994
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
995 >> Stla�te C-h k C-p.
37387
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parents:
diff changeset
996
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parents:
diff changeset
997 To zobraz� dokument�ciu k funkcii a jej meno v emacsovom okne. Ak
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parents:
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998 v�stup pre蓁tate, stla�te C-x 1, aby ste sa textu n�povedy zbavili.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 Nemus�te to robi� hne�. M�ete chv躓u editova� a nazera� do textu
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parents:
diff changeset
1000 n�povedy a a� potom stla�i� C-x 1.
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parents:
diff changeset
1001
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parents:
diff changeset
1002 Tu s� �al�ie u�ito�n� vo�by C-h:
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parents:
diff changeset
1003
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parents:
diff changeset
1004 C-h f Popis funkcie. Zad�v�te meno funkcie.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005
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parents:
diff changeset
1006 >> Sk�ste nap�sa� C-h f previous-line<Return>.
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parents:
diff changeset
1007 To vyp躪e v�etky inform�cie, ktor� Emacs m� o funkcii implementuj�cej
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 pr�kaz C-p.
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parents:
diff changeset
1009
38780
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parents: 38690
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1010 Podobn� pr�kaz C-h v zobraz� dokument�ciu premennej, ktorej hodnotu
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1011 m�ete nastavi� pre ovplyvnenie chovania Emacsu. Meno premennej mus�te
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1012 zada�, a� ke� sa na� Emacs sp�ta.
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 38690
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1013
37387
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parents:
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1014 C-h a Pr�kazov� apropos. Zadajte k禦�ov� slovo a Emacs vyp躪e
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parents:
diff changeset
1015 v�etky pr�kazy, ktor�ch meno obsahuje toto k禦�ov�
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parents:
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1016 slovo. V�etky tieto pr�kazy m�u by� vyvolan� pomocou
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parents:
diff changeset
1017 Meta-x. Pre niektor� pr�kazy pr�kazov� apropos vyp躪e
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parents:
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1018 tie� jedno alebo dvojznakov� sekvencie, ktor� vykon�vaj�
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parents:
diff changeset
1019 ten ist� pr�kaz.
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parents:
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1020
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parents:
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1021 >> Nap躪te C-h a file<Return>.
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parents:
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1022
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parents:
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1023 To zobraz� v druhom okne zoznam v�etk�ch M-x pr�kazov obsahuj�cich "file" vo
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parents:
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1024 svojom n�zve. Znakov� pr�kazy ako C-x C-f uvid�te vyp�san� ved�a
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parents:
diff changeset
1025 zodpovedaj�cich mien pr�kazov ako find-file.
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parents:
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1026
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parents:
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1027 >> Stla�te C-M-v pre posun okna s n�povedou. Urobte to viac kr�t.
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parents:
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1028
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parents:
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1029 >> Stla�te C-x 1 pre zmazanie okna s n�povedou.
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parents:
diff changeset
1030
38780
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1031 C-h i 罷tanie on-line manu�lov (tie� Info). Tento pr�kaz
49151
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1032 V�s prepne do �peci�lneho buffera s n�zvom `*info*',
38780
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1033 v ktorom m�ete 蓁ta� on-line manu�ly pre bal�ky
49151
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Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1034 in�talovan� na va�om syst�me. Ak stla蓁te m emacs <Return>,
38780
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1035 m�ete si napr�klad pre蓁ta� manu�l k Emacsu. Ak ste
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1036 doteraz nikdy nepou壌vali Info, stla�te ? a Emacs v�m
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1037 predstav� hlavn� mo�nosti m�du pre Info. Ak toto
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1038 predstavenie absolvujete, mali by ste pou壌va� Info
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parents: 38690
diff changeset
1039 manu�l Emacsu ako svoju prim�rnu dokument�ciu.
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parents: 38690
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1040
37387
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parents:
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1041
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
1042 * VIAC VLASTNOST�
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
1043 -----------------
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parents: 44361
diff changeset
1044
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1045 Na to, aby ste sa nau�ili viac o Emacse, pre蓁tajte si jeho manu�l, bu� ako
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1046 knihu alebo on-line vo form�te Info (pou�ite Help menu alebo stla�te F10 h r).
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1047 Dve vlastnosti, ktor� sa v�m m�u p瘉i�, je dop纈anie, ktor� �etr� p�sanie a
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1048 dired, ktor� zjednodu�uje pr�cu so s�bormi.
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1049
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1050 Dop纈anie je na vyvarovanie sa zbyto�n�ho p�sania. Napr�klad, ke� sa chcete
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1051 dosta� do bufferu *Messages*, m�ete nap�sa� C-x b *M<Tab> a Emacs dopln�
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1052 zvy�ok mena bufferu, a� potia�, pokia� ho dok畩e zisti� z toho, �o ste u�
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1053 nap�sali. Dop纈anie je pop�san� v Info verzii manu�lu Emacsu, v kapitole
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1054 nazvanej "Completion".
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1055
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1056 Dired v�m dovo�uje zobrazi� zoznam s�borov v adres�ri (a volite�ne jeho
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1057 podadres�roch), pres�va�, upravova�, premenov�va�, maza� a in瘉 manipulova� so
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1058 s�bormi. Dired je pop�san� v Info verzii manu�lu Emacsu, v kapitole nazvanej
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1059 "Dired".
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1060
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1061 Manu�l tie� popisuje ve�a in�ch vlastnost� Emacsu.
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1062
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 * Z�VER
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 -------
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 Nezabudnite, Emacs ukon蓁te vykonan�m pr�kazu C-x C-c. Pre do�asn�
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 odskok do shellu, z ktor�ho sa do Emacsu m�ete op篁 vr�ti�,
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 pou�ite C-z.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 Z�merom tohto t�torialu je by� zrozumite�n� v�etk�m nov�m pou壌vate�om, tak�e
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 ak naraz�te na nie�o nejasn�ho, tak nez�fajte a ned�vajte to za vinu sebe
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 -- s�a�ujte sa!
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 KOP�ROVANIE
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 -----------
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077
49151
3ddba5edf2ea Updated to reflect changes in English version.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 44361
diff changeset
1078 Tento t�torial vych�dza z dlhej rady emacsov�ch t�torialov za�atej
37387
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 t�torialom nap�san�m Stuartom Cracraftom pre p�vodn� Emacs.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081 T�to verzia t�torialu je, podobne ako GNU Emacs, chr�nen� copyrightom
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 a je 麹ren� s povolen�m distribuova� k�pie za ist�ch podmienok:
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 Copyright (c) 1985, 1996 Free Software Foundation
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 Ka�d�mu je zaru�en� pr�vo vytv�ra� a distribuova� presn� k�pie tohto
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 dokumentu tak, ako ho dostal, na akomko�vek m�diu, s t�m, �e bude
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 zachovan� t�to pozn�mka o autorstve a pozn�mka o povolen�, a �e
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 distrib�tor zaru�uje pr�jemcovi pr�vo na �al�iu redistrib�ciu povolen�
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 touto pozn�mkou.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 Je zaru�en� pr�vo distribuova� modifikovan� verzie tohto dokumentu
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 alebo jeho �ast� pod hore uveden�mi podmienkami za predpokladu, �e
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 obsahuje jasn� pozn�mky uv�dzaj�ce, kto urobil posledn� �pravy.
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 Podmienky pre kop�rovanie Emacsu samotn�ho s� zlo�itej�ie, ale
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 v rovnakom duchu. Pre蓁tajte si, pros�m, s�bor COPYING a potom dajte k�pie
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 GNU Emacsu svojim priate�om. Pom�hajte potla�ova� softwarov� ob�trukciu
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 ("vlastn�ctvo") pou壌van�m, p�san�m a zdie�an�m free softwaru!
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 ;;; Local Variables:
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 ;;; coding: iso-latin-2
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 ;;; End:
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
1104
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
1105 ;;; arch-tag: 87861cfa-5cf6-4b87-9fab-86c93c5ca9f3