Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/eshell.texi @ 38194:a23820c19d03
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 26 Jun 2001 11:52:27 +0000 |
parents | 730f77edf073 |
children | 1bcf7f390ca2 |
rev | line source |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 |
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3 @c "@(#)$Name: $:$Id: eshell.texi,v 1.11 2001/04/19 15:07:55 gerd Exp $" |
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4 |
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5 @c Documentation for Eshell: The Emacs Shell. |
34304 | 6 @c Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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7 |
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8 @c This file is part of GNU Emacs |
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9 |
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10 @c GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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11 @c under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the |
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12 @c Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at |
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13 @c your option) any later version. |
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14 |
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15 @c GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
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16 @c WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warraonty of |
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17 @c MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
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18 @c General Public License for more details. |
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19 |
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20 @c You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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21 @c along with Eshell; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free |
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22 @c Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
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23 |
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24 @c %**start of header |
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25 @setfilename ../info/eshell |
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26 @settitle Eshell: The Emacs Shell |
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27 @c %**end of header |
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28 |
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29 @dircategory Emacs |
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30 @direntry |
33020 | 31 * Eshell: (eshell). A command shell implemented in Emacs Lisp. |
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32 @end direntry |
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33 @setchapternewpage on |
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34 |
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35 @ifinfo |
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36 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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37 |
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38 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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39 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
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40 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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41 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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42 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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43 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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44 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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45 |
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46 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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47 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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48 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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49 |
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50 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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51 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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52 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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53 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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54 @end ifinfo |
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55 |
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56 @synindex vr fn |
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57 @c The titlepage section does not appear in the Info file. |
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58 @titlepage |
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59 @sp 4 |
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60 @c The title is printed in a large font. |
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61 @center @titlefont{User's Guide} |
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62 @sp |
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63 @center @titlefont{to} |
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64 @sp |
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65 @center @titlefont{Eshell: The Emacs Shell} |
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66 @ignore |
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67 @sp 2 |
33020 | 68 @center release 2.4 |
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69 @c -release- |
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70 @end ignore |
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71 @sp 3 |
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72 @center John Wiegley |
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73 @c -date- |
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74 |
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75 @c The following two commands start the copyright page for the printed |
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76 @c manual. This will not appear in the Info file. |
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77 @page |
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78 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
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79 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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80 |
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81 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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82 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or |
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83 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no |
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84 Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU |
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85 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the |
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86 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation |
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87 License'' in the Emacs manual. |
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88 |
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89 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify |
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90 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free |
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91 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' |
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92 |
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93 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free |
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94 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document |
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95 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the |
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96 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. |
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97 @end titlepage |
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98 |
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99 @contents |
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100 |
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101 @c ================================================================ |
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102 @c The real text starts here |
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103 @c ================================================================ |
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104 |
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105 @node Top, What is Eshell?, (dir), (dir) |
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106 @ifinfo |
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107 @top Eshell |
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108 |
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109 This manual documents Eshell, a shell-like command interpretor |
33020 | 110 implemented in Emacs Lisp. It invokes no external processes except for |
111 those requested by the user. It is intended to be a functional | |
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112 replacement for command shells such as @command{bash}, @command{zsh}, |
33020 | 113 @command{rc}, or @command{4dos}; since Emacs itself is capable of |
114 handling the sort of tasks accomplished by those tools. | |
115 @c This manual is updated to release 2.4 of Eshell. | |
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116 @end ifinfo |
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117 |
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118 @menu |
35588 | 119 * What is Eshell?:: A brief introduction to the Emacs Shell. |
120 * Installation:: For users of Emacs 20 and XEmacs. | |
121 * Command basics:: The basics of command usage. | |
122 * Commands:: | |
123 * Arguments:: | |
124 * Input/Output:: | |
125 * Process control:: | |
126 * Extension modules:: | |
127 * Extras and Goodies:: | |
128 * Bugs and ideas:: Known problems, and future ideas. | |
129 * Concept Index:: | |
130 * Function and Variable Index:: | |
131 * Key Index:: | |
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132 @end menu |
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133 |
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134 @node What is Eshell?, Installation, Top, Top |
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135 @chapter What is Eshell? |
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136 @cindex what is Eshell? |
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137 @cindex Eshell, what it is |
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138 |
33020 | 139 Eshell is a @dfn{command shell} written in Emacs Lisp. Everything it |
35588 | 140 does, it uses Emacs' facilities to do. This means that Eshell is as |
33020 | 141 portable as Emacs itself. It also means that cooperation with Lisp code |
142 is natural and seamless. | |
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143 |
33020 | 144 What is a command shell? To properly understand the role of a shell, |
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145 it's necessary to visualize what a computer does for you. Basically, a |
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146 computer is a tool; in order to use that tool, you must tell it what to |
36508 | 147 do---or give it ``commands.'' These commands take many forms, such as |
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148 clicking with a mouse on certain parts of the screen. But that is only |
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149 one form of command input. |
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150 |
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151 By far the most versatile way to express what you want the computer to |
36508 | 152 do is by using an abbreviated language called @dfn{script}. In |
153 script, instead of telling the computer, ``list my files, please'', | |
154 one writes a standard abbreviated command word---@samp{ls}. Typing | |
155 @samp{ls} in a command shell is a script way of telling the computer | |
156 to list your files.@footnote{This is comparable to viewing the | |
157 contents of a folder using a graphical display.} | |
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158 |
33020 | 159 The real flexibility of this approach is apparent only when you realize |
160 that there are many, many different ways to list files. Perhaps you | |
161 want them sorted by name, sorted by date, in reverse order, or grouped | |
162 by type. Most graphical browsers have simple ways to express this. But | |
163 what about showing only a few files, or only files that meet a certain | |
164 criteria? In very complex and specific situations, the request becomes | |
165 too difficult to express using a mouse or pointing device. It is just | |
166 these kinds of requests that are easily solved using a command shell. | |
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167 |
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168 For example, what if you want to list every Word file on your hard |
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169 drive, larger than 100 kilobytes in size, and which hasn't been looked |
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170 at in over six months? That is a good candidate list for deletion, when |
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171 you go to clean up your hard drive. But have you ever tried asking your |
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172 computer for such a list? There is no way to do it! At least, not |
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173 without using a command shell. |
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174 |
33020 | 175 The role of a command shell is to give you more control over what your |
176 computer does for you. Not everyone needs this amount of control, and | |
177 it does come at a cost: Learning the necessary script commands to | |
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178 express what you want done. A complicated query, such as the example |
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179 above, takes time to learn. But if you find yourself using your |
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180 computer frequently enough, it is more than worthwhile in the long run. |
33020 | 181 Any tool you use often deserves the time spent learning to master it. |
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182 @footnote{For the understandably curious, here is what that command |
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183 looks like: But don't let it fool you; once you know what's going on, |
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184 it's easier than it looks: @code{ls -lt **/*.doc(Lk+50aM+5)}.} |
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185 |
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186 As of Emacs 21, Eshell is part of the standard Emacs distribution. |
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187 |
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188 @menu |
33020 | 189 * Contributors to Eshell:: People who have helped out! |
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190 @end menu |
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191 |
33020 | 192 @node Contributors to Eshell, , What is Eshell?, What is Eshell? |
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193 @section Contributors to Eshell |
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194 @cindex contributors |
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195 @cindex authors |
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196 |
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197 Contributions to Eshell are welcome. I have limited time to work on |
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198 this project, but I will gladly add any code you contribute to me to |
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199 this package. |
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200 |
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201 The following persons have made contributions to Eshell. |
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202 |
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203 @itemize @bullet |
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204 @item |
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205 Eli Zaretskii made it possible for Eshell to run without requiring |
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206 asynchronous subprocess support. This is important for MS-DOS, which |
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207 does not have such support.@refill |
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208 |
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209 @item |
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210 Miles Bader contributed many fixes during the port to Emacs 21.@refill |
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211 |
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212 @item |
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213 Stefan Monnier fixed the things which bothered him, which of course made |
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214 things better for all.@refill |
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215 |
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216 @item |
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217 Gerd Moellmann also helped to contribute bug fixes during the initial |
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218 integration with Emacs 21.@refill |
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219 |
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220 @item |
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221 Alex Schroeder contributed code for interactively querying the user |
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222 before overwriting files.@refill |
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223 |
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224 @item |
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225 Sudish Joseph helped with some XEmacs compatibility issues.@refill |
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226 @end itemize |
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227 |
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228 Apart from these, a lot of people have sent suggestions, ideas, |
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229 requests, bug reports and encouragement. Thanks a lot! Without you |
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230 there would be no new releases of Eshell. |
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231 |
33020 | 232 @node Installation, Command basics, What is Eshell?, Top |
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233 @chapter Installation |
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234 @cindex installation |
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235 |
33020 | 236 As mentioned above, Eshell comes preinstalled as of Emacs 21. If you're |
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237 using Emacs 20.4 or later, or XEmacs 21, you can download the most |
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238 recent version of Eshell from |
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239 @url{http://www.gci-net.com/users/j/johnw/Emacs/eshell.tar.gz}. |
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240 |
33020 | 241 However, if you are using Emacs 21, you may skip this section. |
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242 |
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243 @section Short Form |
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244 |
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245 Here's exactly what to do, with no explanation why: |
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246 |
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247 @enumerate |
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248 @item |
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249 @samp{M-x load-file RET eshell-auto.el RET}. |
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250 |
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251 @item |
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252 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET}. |
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253 |
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254 @item |
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255 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET}. |
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256 |
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257 @item |
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258 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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259 |
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260 You should see a version banner displayed. |
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261 |
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262 @item |
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263 @samp{ls RET}. |
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264 |
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265 Confirm that you see a file listing. |
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266 |
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267 @item |
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268 @samp{eshell-test RET}. |
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269 |
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270 Confirm that everything runs correctly. Use @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug} if |
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271 not. |
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272 |
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273 @item |
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274 @samp{cd $@{dirname (locate-library "eshell-auto")@} RET}. |
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275 |
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276 @item |
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277 @samp{find-file Makefile RET}. |
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278 |
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279 @item |
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280 Edit the Makefile to reflect your site. |
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281 |
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282 @item |
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283 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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284 |
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285 @item |
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286 @samp{make install RET}. |
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287 |
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288 @item |
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289 @samp{find-file $user-init-file RET}. |
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290 |
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291 @item |
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292 Add the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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293 |
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294 @example |
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295 (add-to-list 'load-path "<directory where you install Eshell>") |
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296 (load "eshell-auto") |
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297 @end example |
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298 |
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299 @item |
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300 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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301 |
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302 @item |
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303 @samp{customize-option #'eshell-modules-list RET}. |
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304 |
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305 @item |
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306 Select the extension modules you prefer. |
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307 |
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308 @item |
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309 Restart Emacs! |
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310 |
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311 @item |
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312 @samp{M-x info RET m Eshell RET}. |
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313 |
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314 Read the manual and enjoy! |
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315 @end enumerate |
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316 |
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317 @section Long Form |
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318 |
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319 @enumerate |
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320 @item |
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321 Before building and installing Eshell, it is important to test that it |
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322 will work properly on your system. To do this, first load the file |
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323 @file{eshell-auto}, which will define certain autoloads required to run |
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324 Eshell. This can be done using the command @kbd{M-x load-file}, and |
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325 then selecting the file @file{eshell-auto.el}. |
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326 |
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327 @item |
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328 In order for Emacs to find Eshell's files, the Eshell directory must be |
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329 added to the @code{load-path} variable. This can be done within Emacs by |
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330 typing: |
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331 |
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332 @example |
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333 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET |
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334 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET |
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335 @end example |
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336 |
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337 @item |
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338 Start Eshell from the distributed sources, using default settings, by |
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339 typing @kbd{M-x eshell}. |
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340 |
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341 @item |
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342 Verify that Eshell is functional by typing @command{ls} followed by |
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343 @key{RET}. You should have already seen a version banner announcing the |
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344 version number of this release, followed by a prompt. |
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345 |
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346 @item |
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347 Run the test suite by typing @command{eshell-test} followed by @key{RET} |
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348 in the Eshell buffer. It is important that Emacs be left alone while |
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349 the tests are running, since extraneous command input may cause some of |
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350 the tests to fail (they were never intended to run in the background). |
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351 If all of the tests pass, Eshell should work just fine on your system. |
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352 If any of the tests fail, please send e-mail to the Eshell maintainer |
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353 using the command @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug}. |
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354 |
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355 @item |
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356 Edit the file @file{Makefile} in the directory containing the Eshell |
35588 | 357 sources to reflect the location of certain Emacs directories at your |
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358 site. The only things you really have to change are the definitions of |
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359 @code{lispdir} and @code{infodir}. The elisp files will be copied to |
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360 @code{lispdir}, and the info file to @code{infodir}. |
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361 |
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362 @item |
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363 Type @kbd{make install} in the directory containing the Eshell sources. |
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364 This will byte-compile all of the @file{*.el} files and copy both the |
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365 source and compiled versions to the directories specified in the |
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366 previous step. It will also copy the info file, and add a corresponding |
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367 entry to your @file{dir} file----if the program @code{install-info} can |
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368 be found on your system. |
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369 |
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370 If you only want to create the compiled elisp files, but don't want to |
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371 install them, you can type just @kbd{make} instead. |
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372 |
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373 @item |
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374 Add the directory into which Eshell was installed to your |
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375 @code{load-path} variable. This can be done by adding the following |
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376 line to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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377 |
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378 @example |
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379 (add-to-list 'load-path "/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/eshell") |
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380 @end example |
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381 |
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382 The actual directory on your system may differ. |
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383 |
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384 @item |
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385 To install Eshell privately, edit your @file{.emacs} file; to install |
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386 Eshell site-wide, edit the file @file{site-start.el} in your |
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387 @file{site-lisp} directory (usually |
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388 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp} or something similar). In |
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389 either case enter the following line into the appropriate file: |
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390 |
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391 @example |
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392 (load "eshell-auto") |
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393 @end example |
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394 |
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395 @item |
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396 Restart Emacs. After restarting, customize the variable |
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397 @code{eshell-modules-list}. This variable selects which Eshell |
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398 extension modules you want to use. You will find documentation on each |
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399 of those modules in the Info manual. |
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400 @end enumerate |
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401 |
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402 @cindex documentation, printed version |
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403 @cindex printed version of documentation |
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404 If you have @TeX{} installed at your site, you can make a typeset manual |
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405 from @file{eshell.texi}. |
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406 |
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407 @enumerate |
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408 @item |
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409 Run @TeX{} by typing @kbd{texi2dvi eshell.texi}. (With Emacs 21.1 or |
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410 later, typing @kbd{make eshell.dvi} in the @file{man/} subdirectory of |
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411 the Emacs source distribution will do that.) |
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412 |
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413 @item |
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414 Convert the resulting device independent file @file{eshell.dvi} to a |
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415 form which your printer can output and print it. If you have a |
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416 postscript printer, there is a program, @code{dvi2ps}, which does that; there |
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417 is also a program which comes together with @TeX{}, @code{dvips}, which |
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418 you can use. For other printers, use a suitable DVI driver, |
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419 e.g., @code{dvilj4} for LaserJet-compatible printers. |
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420 @end enumerate |
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421 |
35588 | 422 @node Command basics, Commands, Installation, Top |
423 @chapter Basic overview | |
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424 |
35588 | 425 A command shell is a means of entering verbally-formed commands. This |
426 is really all that it does, and every feature described in this manual | |
427 is a means to that end. Therefore, it's important to take firm hold on | |
428 exactly what a command is, and how it fits in the overall picture of | |
429 things. | |
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430 |
33020 | 431 @menu |
432 * Commands verbs:: Commands always begin with a verb. | |
433 * Command arguments:: Some verbs require arguments. | |
434 @end menu | |
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435 |
33020 | 436 @node Commands verbs, Command arguments, Command basics, Command basics |
437 @section Commands verbs | |
438 | |
439 Commands are expressed using @dfn{script}, a special shorthand language | |
35588 | 440 computers can understand with no trouble. Script is an extremely simple |
441 language; oddly enough, this is what makes it look so complicated! | |
442 Whereas normal languages use a variety of embellishments, the form of a | |
443 script command is always: | |
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444 |
33020 | 445 @example |
36508 | 446 @var{verb} [@var{arguments}] |
33020 | 447 @end example |
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448 |
33020 | 449 The verb expresses what you want your computer to do. There are a fixed |
450 number of verbs, although this number is usually quite large. On the | |
451 author's computer, it reaches almost 1400 in number. But of course, | |
452 only a handful of these are really necessary. | |
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453 |
33020 | 454 Sometimes, the verb is all that's written. A verb is always a single |
35588 | 455 word, usually related to the task it performs. @command{reboot} is a |
36508 | 456 good example. Entering that on GNU/Linux will reboot the |
457 computer---assuming you have sufficient privileges. | |
33020 | 458 |
35588 | 459 Other verbs require more information. These are usually very capable |
460 verbs, and must be told specifically what to do. The extra information | |
461 is given in the form of @dfn{arguments}. For example, the | |
462 @command{echo} verb prints back whatever arguments you type. It | |
463 requires these arguments to know what to echo. A proper use of | |
33020 | 464 @command{echo} looks like this: |
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465 |
33020 | 466 @example |
36508 | 467 echo This is an example of using echo! |
33020 | 468 @end example |
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469 |
35588 | 470 This script command causes the computer to echo back: ``This is an |
36508 | 471 example of using echo!'' |
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472 |
35588 | 473 Although command verbs are always simple words, like @command{reboot} or |
474 @command{echo}, arguments may have a wide variety of forms. There are | |
475 textual arguments, numerical arguments---even Lisp arguments. | |
476 Distinguishing these different types of arguments requires special | |
477 typing, for the computer to know exactly what you mean. | |
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478 |
33020 | 479 @node Command arguments, , Commands verbs, Command basics |
480 @section Command arguments | |
481 | |
35588 | 482 Eshell recognizes several different kinds of command arguments: |
483 | |
484 @enumerate | |
485 @item Strings (also called textual arguments) | |
486 @item Numbers (floating point or integer) | |
487 @item Lisp lists | |
488 @item Lisp symbols | |
489 @item Emacs buffers | |
490 @item Emacs process handles | |
491 @end enumerate | |
492 | |
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493 Most users need to worry only about the first two. The third, Lisp lists, |
35588 | 494 occur very frequently, but almost always behind the scenes. |
495 | |
496 Strings are the most common type of argument, and consist of nearly any | |
497 character. Special characters---those used by Eshell | |
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498 specifically---must be preceded by a backslash (@samp{\}). When in doubt, it |
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499 is safe to add backslashes anywhere and everywhere. |
35588 | 500 |
501 Here is a more complicated @command{echo} example: | |
502 | |
503 @example | |
36508 | 504 echo A\ Multi-word\ Argument\ With\ A\ \$\ dollar |
35588 | 505 @end example |
506 | |
507 Beyond this, things get a bit more complicated. While not beyond the | |
508 reach of someone wishing to learn, it is definitely beyond the scope of | |
509 this manual to present it all in a simplistic manner. Get comfortable | |
510 with Eshell as a basic command invocation tool, and learn more about the | |
511 commands on your system; then come back when it all sits more familiarly | |
512 on your mind. Have fun! | |
513 | |
514 @node Commands, Arguments, Command basics, Top | |
515 @chapter Commands | |
516 | |
517 @menu | |
518 * Invocation:: | |
519 * Completion:: | |
520 * Aliases:: | |
521 * History:: | |
522 * Scripts:: | |
523 @end menu | |
524 | |
37283 | 525 Essentially, a command shell is all about invoking commands---and |
526 everything that entails. So understanding how Eshell invokes commands | |
527 is the key to comprehending how it all works. | |
528 | |
35588 | 529 @node Invocation, Completion, Commands, Commands |
530 @section Invocation | |
531 | |
37283 | 532 Unlike regular system shells, Eshell never invokes kernel functions |
533 directly, such as @code{exec(3)}. Instead, it uses the Lisp functions | |
534 available in the Emacs Lisp library. It does this by transforming the | |
535 command you specify into a callable Lisp form.@footnote{To see the Lisp | |
536 form that will be invoked, type: @samp{eshell-parse-command "echo | |
537 hello"}} | |
538 | |
539 This transformation, from the string of text typed at the command | |
540 prompt, to the ultimate invocation of either a Lisp function or external | |
541 command, follows these steps: | |
542 | |
543 @enumerate | |
544 @item Parse the command string into separate arguments. | |
545 @item | |
546 @end enumerate | |
547 | |
35588 | 548 @node Completion, Aliases, Invocation, Commands |
549 @section Completion | |
550 | |
551 @node Aliases, History, Completion, Commands | |
552 @section Aliases | |
553 | |
554 @node History, Scripts, Aliases, Commands | |
555 @section History | |
556 | |
557 @node Scripts, , History, Commands | |
558 @section Scripts | |
559 | |
560 | |
561 @node Arguments, Input/Output, Commands, Top | |
562 @chapter Arguments | |
563 | |
564 @menu | |
565 * The Parser:: | |
566 * Variables:: | |
567 * Substitution:: | |
568 * Globbing:: | |
569 * Predicates:: | |
570 @end menu | |
571 | |
572 @node The Parser, Variables, Arguments, Arguments | |
573 @section The Parser | |
574 | |
575 @node Variables, Substitution, The Parser, Arguments | |
576 @section Variables | |
577 | |
578 @node Substitution, Globbing, Variables, Arguments | |
579 @section Substitution | |
580 | |
581 @node Globbing, Predicates, Substitution, Arguments | |
582 @section Globbing | |
583 | |
584 @node Predicates, , Globbing, Arguments | |
585 @section Predicates | |
586 | |
587 | |
588 @node Input/Output, Process control, Arguments, Top | |
589 @chapter Input/Output | |
590 | |
591 @node Process control, Extension modules, Input/Output, Top | |
592 @chapter Process control | |
593 | |
594 | |
595 @node Extension modules, Extras and Goodies, Process control, Top | |
596 @chapter Extension modules | |
597 | |
598 @menu | |
599 * Writing a module:: | |
600 * Module testing:: | |
601 * Directory handling:: | |
602 * Key rebinding:: | |
603 * Smart scrolling:: | |
604 * Terminal emulation:: | |
605 * Built-in UNIX commands:: | |
606 @end menu | |
607 | |
608 @node Writing a module, Module testing, Extension modules, Extension modules | |
609 @section Writing a module | |
610 | |
611 @node Module testing, Directory handling, Writing a module, Extension modules | |
612 @section Module testing | |
613 | |
614 @node Directory handling, Key rebinding, Module testing, Extension modules | |
615 @section Directory handling | |
616 | |
617 @node Key rebinding, Smart scrolling, Directory handling, Extension modules | |
618 @section Key rebinding | |
619 | |
620 @node Smart scrolling, Terminal emulation, Key rebinding, Extension modules | |
621 @section Smart scrolling | |
622 | |
623 @node Terminal emulation, Built-in UNIX commands, Smart scrolling, Extension modules | |
624 @section Terminal emulation | |
625 | |
626 @node Built-in UNIX commands, , Terminal emulation, Extension modules | |
627 @section Built-in UNIX commands | |
628 | |
629 | |
630 @node Extras and Goodies, Bugs and ideas, Extension modules, Top | |
631 @chapter Extras and Goodies | |
632 | |
633 @node Bugs and ideas, Concept Index, Extras and Goodies, Top | |
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634 @chapter Bugs and ideas |
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635 @cindex reporting bugs and ideas |
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636 @cindex bugs, how to report them |
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637 @cindex author, how to reach |
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638 @cindex email to the author |
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639 @cindex FAQ |
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640 @cindex problems, list of common |
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641 |
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642 If you find a bug or misfeature, don't hesitate to let me know! Send |
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643 email to @email{johnw@@gnu.org}. Feature requests should also be sent |
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644 there. I prefer discussing one thing at a time. If you find several |
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645 unrelated bugs, please report them separately. |
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646 |
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647 If you have ideas for improvements, or if you have written some |
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648 extensions to this package, I would like to hear from you. I hope you |
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649 find this package useful! |
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650 |
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651 @menu |
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652 * Known problems:: |
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653 @end menu |
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654 |
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655 @node Known problems, , Bugs and ideas, Bugs and ideas |
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656 @section Known problems |
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657 @cindex known bugs |
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658 @cindex bugs, known |
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659 |
35588 | 660 Below is complete list of known problems with Eshell version 2.4.1, |
661 which is the version included with Emacs 21.1. | |
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662 |
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663 @table @asis |
33020 | 664 @item Differentiate between aliases and functions |
665 | |
666 Allow for a bash-compatible syntax, such as: | |
667 | |
668 @example | |
669 alias arg=blah | |
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670 function arg () @{ blah $* @} |
33020 | 671 @end example |
672 | |
673 @item @samp{for i in 1 2 3 @{ grep -q a b && *echo has it @} | wc -l} outputs result after prompt | |
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674 |
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675 In fact, piping to a process from a looping construct doesn't work in |
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676 general. If I change the call to @code{eshell-copy-handles} in |
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677 @code{eshell-rewrite-for-command} to use @code{eshell-protect}, it seems |
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678 to work, but the output occurs after the prompt is displayed. The whole |
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679 structured command thing is too complicated at present. |
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680 |
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681 @item Error with @command{bc} in @code{eshell-test} |
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682 |
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683 On some XEmacs system, the subprocess interaction test fails |
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684 inexplicably, although @command{bc} works fine at the command prompt. |
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685 |
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686 @item Eshell does not delete @file{*Help*} buffers in XEmacs 21.1.8+ |
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687 |
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688 In XEmacs 21.1.8, the @file{*Help*} buffer has been renamed such that |
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689 multiple instances of the @file{*Help*} buffer can exist. |
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690 |
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691 @item Pcomplete sometimes gets stuck |
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692 |
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693 You press @key{TAB}, but no completions appear, even though the |
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694 directory has matching files. This behavior is rare. |
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695 |
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696 @item @samp{grep python $<rpm -qa>} doesn't work, but using @samp{*grep} does |
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697 |
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698 This happens because the @code{grep} Lisp function returns immediately, |
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699 and then the asynchronous @command{grep} process expects to examine the |
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700 temporary file, which has since been deleted. |
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701 |
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702 @item Problem with C-r repeating text |
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703 |
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704 If the text @emph{before point} reads "./run", and you type @kbd{C-r r u |
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705 n}, it will repeat the line for every character typed. |
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706 |
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707 @item Backspace doesn't scroll back after continuing (in smart mode) |
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708 |
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709 Hitting space during a process invocation, such as @command{make}, will |
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710 cause it to track the bottom of the output; but backspace no longer |
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711 scrolls back. |
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712 |
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713 @item It's not possible to fully @code{unload-feature} Eshell |
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714 |
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715 @item Menu support was removed, but never put back |
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716 |
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717 @item Using C-p and C-n with rebind gets into a locked state |
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718 |
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719 This happened a few times in Emacs 21, but has been unreproducable |
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720 since. |
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721 |
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722 @item If an interactive process is currently running, @kbd{M-!} doesn't work |
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723 |
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724 @item Use a timer instead of @code{sleep-for} when killing child processes |
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725 |
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726 @item Piping to a Lisp function is not supported |
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727 |
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728 Make it so that the Lisp command on the right of the pipe is repeatedly |
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729 called with the input strings as arguments. This will require changing |
33020 | 730 @code{eshell-do-pipeline} to handle non-process targets. |
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731 |
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732 @item Input redirection is not supported |
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733 |
33020 | 734 See the above entry. |
735 | |
35588 | 736 @item Problem running @command{less} without arguments on Windows |
33020 | 737 |
738 The result in the Eshell buffer is: | |
739 | |
740 @example | |
741 Spawning child process: invalid argument | |
742 @end example | |
743 | |
744 Also a new @command{less} buffer was created with nothing in it@dots{} | |
745 (presumably this holds the output of @command{less}). | |
746 | |
747 If @command{less.exe} is invoked from the Eshell command line, the | |
748 expected output is written to the buffer. | |
749 | |
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750 Note that this happens on NT-Emacs 20.6.1 on Windows 2000. The term.el |
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751 package and the supplied shell both use the @command{cmdproxy} program |
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752 for running shells. |
33020 | 753 |
754 @item Implement @samp{-r}, @samp{-n} and @samp{-s} switches for @command{cp} | |
755 | |
756 @item Make @kbd{M-5 M-x eshell} switch to ``*eshell<5>*'', creating if need be | |
757 | |
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758 @item @samp{mv @var{dir} @var{file}.tar} does not remove directories |
33020 | 759 |
760 This is because the tar option --remove-files doesn't do so. Should it | |
761 be Eshell's job? | |
762 | |
763 @item Bind @code{standard-output} and @code{standard-error} | |
764 | |
765 This would be so that if a Lisp function calls @code{print}, everything | |
766 will happen as it should (albeit slowly). | |
767 | |
768 @item When an extension module fails to load, @samp{cd /} gives a Lisp error | |
769 | |
770 @item If a globbing pattern returns one match, should it be a list? | |
771 | |
772 @item Make sure syntax table is correct in Eshell mode | |
773 | |
774 So that @kbd{M-DEL} acts in a predictable manner, etc. | |
775 | |
776 @item Allow all Eshell buffers to share the same history and list-dir | |
777 | |
778 @item There is a problem with script commands that output to @file{/dev/null} | |
779 | |
780 If a script file, somewhere in the middle, uses @samp{> /dev/null}, | |
781 output from all subsequent commands is swallowed. | |
782 | |
783 @item Split up parsing of text after @samp{$} in @file{esh-var.el} | |
784 | |
785 Make it similar to the way that @file{esh-arg.el} is structured. | |
786 Then add parsing of @samp{$[?\n]}. | |
787 | |
788 @item After pressing @kbd{M-RET}, redisplay before running the next command | |
789 | |
790 @item Argument predicates and modifiers should work anywhere in a path | |
791 | |
792 @example | |
793 /usr/local/src/editors/vim $ vi **/CVS(/)/Root(.) | |
794 Invalid regexp: "Unmatched ( or \\(" | |
795 @end example | |
796 | |
797 With @command{zsh}, the glob above expands to all files named | |
798 @file{Root} in directories named @file{CVS}. | |
799 | |
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800 @item Typing @samp{echo $@{locate locate@}/bin<TAB>} results in a Lisp error |
33020 | 801 |
802 Perhaps it should interpolate all permutations, and make that the | |
803 globbing result, since otherwise hitting return here will result in | |
804 ``(list of filenames)/bin'', which is never valuable. Thus, one could | |
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805 @command{cat} only C backup files by using @samp{ls $@{identity *.c@}~}. |
33020 | 806 In that case, having an alias command name @command{glob} for |
807 @command{identity} would be useful. | |
808 | |
809 @item Once symbolic mode is supported for @command{umask}, implement @command{chmod} in Lisp | |
810 | |
811 @item Create @code{eshell-expand-file-name} | |
812 | |
813 This would use a data table to transform things such as @samp{~+}, | |
814 @samp{...}, etc. | |
815 | |
816 @item Abstract @file{em-smart.el} into @file{smart-scroll.el} | |
817 | |
818 It only really needs: to be hooked onto the output filter and the | |
819 pre-command hook, and to have the input-end and input-start markers. | |
36508 | 820 And to know whether the last output group was ``successful.'' |
33020 | 821 |
822 @item Allow for fully persisting the state of Eshell | |
823 | |
824 This would include: variables, history, buffer, input, dir stack, etc. | |
825 | |
826 @item Implement D as an argument predicate | |
827 | |
828 It means that files beginning with a dot should be included in the | |
829 glob match. | |
830 | |
831 @item A comma in a predicate list should mean OR | |
832 | |
833 At the moment, this is not supported. | |
834 | |
835 @item Error if a glob doesn't expand due to a predicate | |
836 | |
837 An error should be generated only if @code{eshell-error-if-no-glob} is | |
838 non-nil. | |
839 | |
840 @item @samp{(+ RET SPC TAB} does not cause @code{indent-according-to-mode} to occur | |
841 | |
842 @item Create @code{eshell-auto-accumulate-list} | |
843 | |
844 This is a list of commands for which, if the user presses @kbd{RET}, the | |
845 text is staged as the next Eshell command, rather than being sent to the | |
846 current interactive process. | |
847 | |
848 @item Display file and line number if an error occurs in a script | |
849 | |
850 @item @command{wait} doesn't work with process ids at the moment | |
851 | |
852 @item Enable the direct-to-process input code in @file{em-term.el} | |
853 | |
854 @item Problem with repeating @samp{echo $@{find /tmp@}} | |
855 | |
856 With smart display active, if @kbd{RET} is held down, after a while it | |
857 can't keep up anymore and starts outputting blank lines. It only | |
858 happens if an asynchronous process is involved@dots{} | |
859 | |
860 I think the problem is that @code{eshell-send-input} is resetting the | |
861 input target location, so that if the asynchronous process is not done | |
862 by the time the next @kbd{RET} is received, the input processor thinks | |
863 that the input is meant for the process; which, when smart display is | |
864 enabled, will be the text of the last command line! That is a bug in | |
865 itself. | |
866 | |
867 In holding down @kbd{RET} while an asynchronous process is running, | |
868 there will be a point in between termination of the process, and the | |
869 running of @code{eshell-post-command-hook}, which would cause | |
870 @code{eshell-send-input} to call @code{eshell-copy-old-input}, and then | |
871 process that text as a command to be run after the process. Perhaps | |
872 there should be a way of killing pending input between the death of the | |
873 process, and the @code{post-command-hook}. | |
874 | |
875 @item Allow for a more aggressive smart display mode | |
876 | |
877 Perhaps toggled by a command, that makes each output block a smart | |
878 display block. | |
879 | |
880 @item Create more meta variables | |
881 | |
882 @table @samp | |
883 @item $! | |
884 The reason for the failure of the last disk command, or the text of the | |
885 last Lisp error. | |
886 | |
887 @item $= | |
888 A special associate array, which can take references of the form | |
889 @samp{$=[REGEXP]}. It indexes into the directory ring. | |
890 @end table | |
891 | |
892 @item Eshell scripts can't execute in the background | |
893 | |
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894 @item Support zsh's ``Parameter Expansion'' syntax, i.e. @samp{$@{@var{name}:-@var{val}@}} |
33020 | 895 |
896 @item Write an @command{info} alias that can take arguments | |
897 | |
898 So that the user can enter @samp{info chmod}, for example. | |
899 | |
900 @item Create a mode @code{eshell-browse} | |
901 | |
902 It would treat the Eshell buffer as a outline. Collapsing the outline | |
903 hides all of the output text. Collapsing again would show only the | |
904 first command run in each directory | |
905 | |
906 @item Allow other revisions of a file to be referenced using @samp{file@{rev@}} | |
907 | |
908 This would be expanded by @code{eshell-expand-file-name} (see above). | |
909 | |
910 @item Print ``You have new mail'' when the ``Mail'' icon is turned on | |
911 | |
912 @item Implement @kbd{M-|} for Eshell | |
913 | |
914 @item Implement input redirection | |
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915 |
33020 | 916 If it's a Lisp function, input redirection implies @command{xargs} (in a |
917 way@dots{}). If input redirection is added, also update the | |
918 @code{file-name-quote-list}, and the delimiter list. | |
919 | |
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920 @item Allow @samp{#<@var{word} @var{arg}>} as a generic syntax |
33020 | 921 |
922 With the handling of @emph{word} specified by an | |
923 @code{eshell-special-alist}. | |
924 | |
35588 | 925 @item In @code{eshell-veal-using-options}, allow a @code{:complete} tag |
33020 | 926 |
927 It would be used to provide completion rules for that command. Then the | |
928 macro will automagically define the completion function. | |
929 | |
930 @item For @code{eshell-command-on-region}, apply redirections to the result | |
931 | |
932 So that @samp{+ > 'blah} would cause the result of the @code{+} (using | |
933 input from the current region) to be inserting into the symbol | |
934 @code{blah}. | |
935 | |
936 If an external command is being invoked, the input is sent as standard | |
937 input, as if a @samp{cat <region> |} had been invoked. | |
938 | |
939 If a Lisp command, or an alias, is invoked, then if the line has no | |
940 newline characters, it is divided by whitespace and passed as arguments | |
941 to the Lisp function. Otherwise, it is divided at the newline | |
942 characters. Thus, invoking @code{+} on a series of numbers will add | |
943 them; @code{min} would display the smallest figure, etc. | |
944 | |
945 @item Write @code{eshell-script-mode} as a minor mode | |
946 | |
947 It would provide syntax, abbrev, highlighting and indenting support like | |
948 @code{emacs-lisp-mode} and @code{shell-mode}. | |
949 | |
950 @item In the history mechanism, finish the @command{bash}-style support | |
951 | |
952 This means @samp{!n}, @samp{!#}, @samp{!:%}, and @samp{!:1-} as separate | |
953 from @samp{!:1*}. | |
954 | |
955 @item Support the -n command line option for @command{history} | |
956 | |
957 @item Implement @command{fc} in Lisp | |
958 | |
959 @item Specifying a frame as a redirection target should imply the currently active window's buffer | |
960 | |
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961 @item Implement @samp{>@var{func-or-func-list}} |
33020 | 962 |
963 This would allow for an ``output translators'', that take a function to | |
964 modify output with, and a target. Devise a syntax that works well with | |
965 pipes, and can accomodate multiple functions (i.e., @samp{>'(upcase | |
966 regexp-quote)} or @samp{>'upcase}). | |
967 | |
968 @item Allow Eshell to read/write to/from standard input and output | |
969 | |
970 This would be optional, rather than always using the Eshell buffer. | |
971 This would allow it to be run from the command line (perhaps). | |
972 | |
973 @item Write a @command{help} command | |
974 | |
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975 It would call subcommands with @option{--help}, or @option{-h} or |
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976 @option{/?}, as appropriate. |
33020 | 977 |
978 @item Implement @command{stty} in Lisp | |
979 | |
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980 @item Support @command{rc}'s matching operator, e.g. @samp{~ (@var{list}) @var{regexp}} |
33020 | 981 |
982 @item Implement @command{bg} and @command{fg} as editors of @code{eshell-process-list} | |
983 | |
984 Using @command{bg} on a process that is already in the background does | |
985 nothing. Specifying redirection targets replaces (or adds) to the list | |
986 current being used. | |
987 | |
988 @item Have @command{jobs} print only the processes for the current shell | |
989 | |
990 @item How can Eshell learn if a background process has requested input? | |
991 | |
992 @item Support @samp{2>&1} and @samp{>&} and @samp{2>} and @samp{|&} | |
993 | |
994 The syntax table for parsing these should be customizable, such that the | |
995 user could change it to use rc syntax: @samp{>[2=1]}. | |
996 | |
997 @item Allow @samp{$_[-1]}, which would indicate the last element of the array | |
998 | |
999 @item Make @samp{$x[*]} equal to listing out the full contents of @samp{x} | |
1000 | |
1001 Return them as a list, so that @samp{$_[*]} is all the arguments of the | |
1002 last command. | |
1003 | |
1004 @item Copy ANSI code handling from @file{term.el} into @file{em-term.el} | |
1005 | |
1006 Make it possible for the user to send char-by-char to the underlying | |
1007 process. Ultimately, I should be able to move away from using term.el | |
1008 altogether, since everything but the ANSI code handling is already part | |
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1009 of Eshell. Then, things would work correctly on MS-Windows as well |
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1010 (which doesn't have @file{/bin/sh}, although @file{term.el} tries to use |
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1011 it). |
33020 | 1012 |
1013 @item Make the shell spawning commands be visual | |
1014 | |
1015 That is, make (@command{su}, @command{bash}, @command{telnet}, | |
1016 @command{rlogin}, @command{rsh}, etc.) be part of | |
1017 @code{eshell-visual-commands}. The only exception is if the shell is | |
1018 being used to invoke a single command. Then, the behavior should be | |
1019 based on what that command is. | |
1020 | |
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1021 @item Create a smart viewing command named @command{open} |
33020 | 1022 |
1023 This would search for some way to open its argument (similar to opening | |
1024 a file in the Windows Explorer). | |
1025 | |
1026 @item Alias @command{read} to be the same as @command{open}, only read-only | |
1027 | |
1028 @item Write a @command{tail} command which uses @code{view-file} | |
1029 | |
1030 It would move point to the end of the buffer, and then turns on | |
1031 auto-revert mode in that buffer at frequent intervals---and a | |
1032 @command{head} alias which assums an upper limit of | |
1033 @code{eshell-maximum-line-length} characters per line. | |
1034 | |
1035 @item Make @command{dgrep} load @code{dired}, mark everything, then invoke @code{dired-do-search} | |
1036 | |
35588 | 1037 @item Write mesh.c |
33020 | 1038 |
1039 This would run Emacs with the appropriate arguments to invoke Eshell | |
1040 only. That way, it could be listed as a login shell. | |
1041 | |
1042 @item Use an intangible @code{PS2} string for multi-line input prompts | |
1043 | |
1044 @item Auto-detect when a command is visual, by checking @code{TERMCAP} usage | |
1045 | |
1046 @item The first keypress after @kbd{M-x watson} triggers `eshell-send-input' | |
1047 | |
1048 @item Make @kbd{/} electric | |
1049 | |
1050 So that it automatically expands and corrects pathnames. Or make | |
1051 pathname completion for Pcomplete auto-expand @samp{/u/i/std<TAB>} to | |
1052 @samp{/usr/include/std<TAB>}. | |
1053 | |
1054 @item Write the @command{pushd} stack to disk along with @code{last-dir-ring} | |
1055 | |
1056 @item Add options to @code{eshell/cat} which would allow it to sort and uniq | |
1057 | |
1058 @item Implement @command{wc} in Lisp | |
1059 | |
1060 Add support for counting sentences, paragraphs, pages, etc. | |
1061 | |
1062 @item Once piping is added, implement @command{sort} and @command{uniq} in Lisp | |
1063 | |
1064 @item Implement @command{touch} in Lisp | |
1065 | |
1066 @item Implement @command{comm} in Lisp | |
1067 | |
1068 @item Implement an @command{epatch} command in Lisp | |
1069 | |
1070 This would call @code{ediff-patch-file}, or @code{ediff-patch-buffer}, | |
1071 depending on its argument. | |
1072 | |
1073 @item Have an option such that @samp{ls -l} generates a dired buffer | |
1074 | |
1075 @item Write a version of @command{xargs} based on command rewriting | |
1076 | |
1077 That is, @samp{find X | xargs Y} would be indicated using @samp{Y | |
1078 $@{find X@}}. Maybe @code{eshell-do-pipelines} could be changed to | |
1079 perform this on-thy-fly rewriting. | |
1080 | |
1081 @item Write an alias for @command{less} that brings up a @code{view-mode} buffer | |
1082 | |
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1083 Such that the user can press @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}, and then @key{q} |
33020 | 1084 to return to Eshell. It would be equivalent to: |
1085 @samp{X > #<buffer Y>; view-buffer #<buffer Y>}. | |
1086 | |
1087 @item Make @code{eshell-mode} as much a full citizen as @code{shell-mode} | |
1088 | |
1089 Everywhere in Emacs where @code{shell-mode} is specially noticed, add | |
1090 @code{eshell-mode} there. | |
1091 | |
1092 @item Permit the umask to be selectively set on a @command{cp} target | |
1093 | |
1094 @item Problem using @kbd{M-x eshell} after using @code{eshell-command} | |
1095 | |
1096 If the first thing that I do after entering Emacs is to run | |
1097 @code{eshell-command} and invoke @command{ls}, and then use @kbd{M-x | |
1098 eshell}, it doesn't display anything. | |
1099 | |
1100 @item @kbd{M-RET} during a long command (using smart display) doesn't work | |
1101 | |
1102 Since it keeps the cursor up where the command was invoked. | |
1103 | |
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1104 @end table |
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1105 |
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1106 @node Concept Index, Function and Variable Index, Bugs and ideas, Top |
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1107 @unnumbered Concept Index |
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1108 |
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1109 @printindex cp |
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1110 |
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1111 @node Function and Variable Index, Key Index, Concept Index, Top |
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1112 @unnumbered Function and Variable Index |
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1113 |
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1114 @printindex fn |
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1115 |
33020 | 1116 @node Key Index, , Function and Variable Index, Top |
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1117 @unnumbered Key Index |
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1118 |
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1119 @printindex ky |
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1120 @bye |