Mercurial > emacs
annotate doc/emacs/killing.texi @ 112417:a2432c16dc9f
compile.el fix for bug#7812
* lisp/progmodes/compile.el (compilation-error-regexp-alist):
Fix custom type.
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Thu, 20 Jan 2011 21:04:45 -0800 |
parents | 376148b31b5e |
children | 417b1e4d63cd |
rev | line source |
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84248 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, | |
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 |
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Untabify doc/emacs/*.texi files.
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4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
84248 | 5 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
6 | |
7 @node Killing, Yanking, Mark, Top | |
8 @chapter Killing and Moving Text | |
9 | |
10 @ifnottex | |
11 @raisesections | |
12 @end ifnottex | |
13 | |
14 @dfn{Killing} means erasing text and copying it into the @dfn{kill | |
15 ring}, from which you can bring it back into the buffer by | |
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16 @dfn{yanking} it. (Some applications use the terms ``cutting'' and |
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17 ``pasting'' for similar operations.) This is the most common way of |
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18 moving or copying text within Emacs. It is very versatile, because |
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19 there are commands for killing many different types of syntactic |
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20 units. |
84248 | 21 |
22 @iftex | |
23 @section Deletion and Killing | |
24 @end iftex | |
25 | |
26 @cindex killing text | |
27 @cindex cutting text | |
28 @cindex deletion | |
29 Most commands which erase text from the buffer save it in the kill | |
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30 ring. These are known as @dfn{kill} commands. The kill ring stores |
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31 several recent kills, not just the last one, so killing is a very safe |
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32 operation: when you make a new kill, you don't have to worry much |
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33 about losing text that you previously killed. |
84248 | 34 |
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35 You can yank text from the kill ring into any position in a buffer, |
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36 including a position in a different buffer; the kill ring is shared by |
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37 all buffers. The @kbd{C-/} (@code{undo}) command can undo both kill |
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38 and delete commands (@pxref{Undo}); the importance of the kill ring is |
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39 that you can yank the text in a different place. |
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40 |
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41 Commands that erase text but do not save it in the kill ring are |
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42 known as @dfn{delete} commands. These include @kbd{C-d} |
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43 (@code{delete-char}) and @key{DEL} (@code{delete-backward-char}), |
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44 which delete only one character at a time, and those commands that |
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45 delete only spaces or newlines. Commands that can erase significant |
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46 amounts of nontrivial data generally do a kill operation instead. The |
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47 commands' names and individual descriptions use the words @samp{kill} |
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48 and @samp{delete} to say which kind of operation they perform. |
84248 | 49 |
50 You can also use the mouse to kill and yank. @xref{Cut and Paste}. | |
51 | |
52 @menu | |
53 * Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and | |
54 blank areas. | |
55 * Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time. | |
56 * Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and | |
57 syntactic units such as words and sentences. | |
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58 * Kill Options:: Options that affect killing. |
84248 | 59 @end menu |
60 | |
61 @node Deletion | |
62 @subsection Deletion | |
63 @findex delete-backward-char | |
64 @findex delete-char | |
65 | |
66 Deletion means erasing text and not saving it in the kill ring. For | |
67 the most part, the Emacs commands that delete text are those that | |
68 erase just one character or only whitespace. | |
69 | |
70 @table @kbd | |
71 @item C-d | |
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72 @itemx @key{Delete} |
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73 Delete next character (@code{delete-char}). |
84248 | 74 @item @key{DEL} |
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75 @itemx @key{Backspace} |
84248 | 76 Delete previous character (@code{delete-backward-char}). |
77 @item M-\ | |
78 Delete spaces and tabs around point (@code{delete-horizontal-space}). | |
79 @item M-@key{SPC} | |
80 Delete spaces and tabs around point, leaving one space | |
81 (@code{just-one-space}). | |
82 @item C-x C-o | |
83 Delete blank lines around the current line (@code{delete-blank-lines}). | |
84 @item M-^ | |
85 Join two lines by deleting the intervening newline, along with any | |
86 indentation following it (@code{delete-indentation}). | |
87 @end table | |
88 | |
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89 We have already described the basic deletion commands @kbd{C-d} |
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90 (@code{delete-char}) and @key{DEL} (@code{delete-backward-char}). |
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91 @xref{Erasing}. |
84248 | 92 |
93 @kindex M-\ | |
94 @findex delete-horizontal-space | |
95 @kindex M-SPC | |
96 @findex just-one-space | |
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97 The other delete commands are those that delete only whitespace |
84248 | 98 characters: spaces, tabs and newlines. @kbd{M-\} |
99 (@code{delete-horizontal-space}) deletes all the spaces and tab | |
100 characters before and after point. With a prefix argument, this only | |
101 deletes spaces and tab characters before point. @kbd{M-@key{SPC}} | |
102 (@code{just-one-space}) does likewise but leaves a single space after | |
103 point, regardless of the number of spaces that existed previously | |
104 (even if there were none before). With a numeric argument @var{n}, it | |
105 leaves @var{n} spaces after point. | |
106 | |
107 @kbd{C-x C-o} (@code{delete-blank-lines}) deletes all blank lines | |
108 after the current line. If the current line is blank, it deletes all | |
109 blank lines preceding the current line as well (leaving one blank line, | |
110 the current line). On a solitary blank line, it deletes that line. | |
111 | |
112 @kbd{M-^} (@code{delete-indentation}) joins the current line and the | |
113 previous line, by deleting a newline and all surrounding spaces, usually | |
114 leaving a single space. @xref{Indentation,M-^}. | |
115 | |
116 @node Killing by Lines | |
117 @subsection Killing by Lines | |
118 | |
119 @table @kbd | |
120 @item C-k | |
121 Kill rest of line or one or more lines (@code{kill-line}). | |
122 @item C-S-backspace | |
123 Kill an entire line at once (@code{kill-whole-line}) | |
124 @end table | |
125 | |
126 @kindex C-k | |
127 @findex kill-line | |
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128 The simplest kill command is @kbd{C-k}. If given at the beginning |
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129 of a line, it kills all the text on the line@footnote{Here, ``line'' |
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130 means a logical text line, not a screen line. @xref{Continuation |
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131 Lines}.}, leaving it blank. When used on a blank line, it kills the |
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132 whole line including its newline. |
84248 | 133 |
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134 More precisely, @kbd{C-k} kills from point up to the end of the |
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135 line, unless it is at the end of a line. In that case it kills the |
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136 newline following point, thus merging the next line into the current |
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137 one. Spaces and tabs at the end of the line are ignored when deciding |
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138 which case applies, so as long as point is after the last visible |
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139 character in the line, you can be sure that @kbd{C-k} will kill the |
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140 newline. To kill an entire non-blank line, go to the beginning and |
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141 type @kbd{C-k} twice. |
84248 | 142 |
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143 When @kbd{C-k} is given a positive argument @var{n}, it kills |
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144 @var{n} lines and the newlines that follow them (text on the current |
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145 line before point is not killed). With a negative argument |
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146 @minus{}@var{n}, it kills @var{n} lines preceding the current line, |
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147 together with the text on the current line before point. @kbd{C-k} |
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148 with an argument of zero kills the text before point on the current |
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149 line. |
84248 | 150 |
151 @vindex kill-whole-line | |
152 If the variable @code{kill-whole-line} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{C-k} at | |
153 the very beginning of a line kills the entire line including the | |
154 following newline. This variable is normally @code{nil}. | |
155 | |
156 @kindex C-S-backspace | |
157 @findex kill-whole-line | |
158 @kbd{C-S-backspace} (@code{kill-whole-line}) will kill a whole line | |
159 including its newline regardless of the position of point within the | |
160 line. Note that many character terminals will prevent you from typing | |
161 the key sequence @kbd{C-S-backspace}. | |
162 | |
163 @node Other Kill Commands | |
164 @subsection Other Kill Commands | |
165 @findex kill-region | |
166 @kindex C-w | |
167 | |
168 @table @kbd | |
169 @item C-w | |
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170 Kill region (@code{kill-region}). @xref{Mark}. |
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171 @item M-w |
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172 Save region as last killed text without actually killing it |
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173 (@code{kill-ring-save}). Some programs call this ``copying.'' |
84248 | 174 @item M-d |
175 Kill word (@code{kill-word}). @xref{Words}. | |
176 @item M-@key{DEL} | |
177 Kill word backwards (@code{backward-kill-word}). | |
178 @item C-x @key{DEL} | |
179 Kill back to beginning of sentence (@code{backward-kill-sentence}). | |
180 @xref{Sentences}. | |
181 @item M-k | |
182 Kill to end of sentence (@code{kill-sentence}). | |
183 @item C-M-k | |
184 Kill the following balanced expression (@code{kill-sexp}). @xref{Expressions}. | |
185 @item M-z @var{char} | |
186 Kill through the next occurrence of @var{char} (@code{zap-to-char}). | |
187 @end table | |
188 | |
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189 Apart from @kbd{C-k}, the most commonly-used kill command is |
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190 @kbd{C-w} (@code{kill-region}), which kills the text in the region |
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191 (i.e., between point and mark). @xref{Mark}. If the mark is inactive |
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192 when you type @kbd{C-w}, it first reactivates the mark where it was |
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193 last set. The mark is deactivated at the end of the command. |
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194 |
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195 @kindex M-w |
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196 @findex kill-ring-save |
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197 The command @kbd{M-w} (@code{kill-ring-save}) copies the region into |
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198 the kill ring without removing it from the buffer. This is |
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199 approximately equivalent to @kbd{C-w} followed by @kbd{C-/}, except |
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200 that @kbd{M-w} does not alter the undo history. |
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201 |
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202 Emacs also provides commands to kill specific syntactic units: |
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203 words, with @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} and @kbd{M-d} (@pxref{Words}); balanced |
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204 expressions, with @kbd{C-M-k} (@pxref{Expressions}); and sentences, |
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205 with @kbd{C-x @key{DEL}} and @kbd{M-k} (@pxref{Sentences}). |
84248 | 206 |
207 @kindex M-z | |
208 @findex zap-to-char | |
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209 The command @kbd{M-z} (@code{zap-to-char}) combines killing with |
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210 searching: it reads a character and kills from point up to (and |
84248 | 211 including) the next occurrence of that character in the buffer. A |
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212 numeric argument acts as a repeat count; a negative argument means to |
84248 | 213 search backward and kill text before point. |
214 | |
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215 @node Kill Options |
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216 @subsection Options for Killing |
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217 |
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218 @vindex kill-read-only-ok |
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219 @cindex read-only text, killing |
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220 Some specialized buffers contain @dfn{read-only text}, which cannot |
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221 be modified and therefore cannot be killed. But some users like to |
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222 use the kill commands to copy read-only text into the kill ring, |
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223 without actually changing it. Therefore, the kill commands work |
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224 specially in a read-only buffer: they move over text, and copy it to |
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225 the kill ring, without actually deleting it from the buffer. |
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226 Normally, kill commands beep and display an error message when this |
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227 happens. But if you set the variable @code{kill-read-only-ok} to a |
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228 non-@code{nil} value, they just print a message in the echo area to |
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229 explain why the text has not been erased. |
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230 |
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231 @vindex kill-do-not-save-duplicates |
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232 If you change the variable @code{kill-do-not-save-duplicates} to a |
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233 non-@code{nil} value, identical subsequent kills yield a single |
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234 kill-ring entry, without duplication. |
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235 |
84248 | 236 @node Yanking, Accumulating Text, Killing, Top |
237 @section Yanking | |
238 @cindex moving text | |
239 @cindex copying text | |
240 @cindex kill ring | |
241 @cindex yanking | |
242 @cindex pasting | |
243 | |
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244 @dfn{Yanking} means reinserting text previously killed. The usual |
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245 way to move or copy text is to kill it and then yank it elsewhere one |
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246 or more times. |
84248 | 247 |
248 @table @kbd | |
249 @item C-y | |
250 Yank last killed text (@code{yank}). | |
251 @item M-y | |
252 Replace text just yanked with an earlier batch of killed text | |
253 (@code{yank-pop}). | |
254 @item C-M-w | |
255 Append next kill to last batch of killed text (@code{append-next-kill}). | |
256 @end table | |
257 | |
258 On graphical displays with window systems, if there is a current | |
259 selection in some other application, and you selected it more recently | |
260 than you killed any text in Emacs, @kbd{C-y} copies the selection | |
261 instead of text killed within Emacs. | |
262 | |
263 @menu | |
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264 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking. |
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265 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together. |
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266 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago. |
84248 | 267 @end menu |
268 | |
269 @node Kill Ring | |
270 @subsection The Kill Ring | |
271 | |
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272 All killed text is recorded in the @dfn{kill ring}, a list of blocks |
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273 of text that have been killed. There is only one kill ring, shared by |
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274 all buffers, so you can kill text in one buffer and yank it in another |
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275 buffer. This is the usual way to move text from one file to another. |
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276 (There are several other methods: for instance, you could store the |
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277 text in a register. @xref{Registers}, for information about |
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278 registers. @xref{Accumulating Text}, for some other ways to move text |
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279 around.) |
84248 | 280 |
281 @kindex C-y | |
282 @findex yank | |
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283 The command @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank}) reinserts the text of the most |
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284 recent kill, leaving the cursor at the end of the text. It also adds |
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285 the position of the beginning of the text to the mark ring, without |
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286 activating the mark; this allows you to jump easily to that position |
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287 with @kbd{C-x C-x} (@pxref{Setting Mark}). With a plain prefix |
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288 argument (@kbd{C-u C-y}), it instead leaves the cursor in front of the |
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289 text, and adds the position of the end of the text to the mark ring. |
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290 Using other sort of prefix argument specifies an earlier kill; for |
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291 example, @kbd{C-u 4 C-y} reinserts the fourth most recent kill. |
93361 | 292 @xref{Earlier Kills}. |
84248 | 293 |
294 @cindex yanking and text properties | |
295 @vindex yank-excluded-properties | |
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296 The yank commands discard certain properties from the yanked text. |
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297 These are properties that might lead to annoying results, such as |
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298 causing the text to respond to the mouse or specifying key bindings. |
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299 The list of properties to discard is stored in the variable |
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300 @code{yank-excluded-properties}. Yanking of register contents and |
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301 rectangles also discard these properties. @xref{Text Properties,,, |
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302 elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information about |
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303 text properties. |
84248 | 304 |
305 @node Appending Kills | |
306 @subsection Appending Kills | |
307 | |
308 @cindex appending kills in the ring | |
309 Normally, each kill command pushes a new entry onto the kill ring. | |
310 However, two or more kill commands in a row combine their text into a | |
311 single entry, so that a single @kbd{C-y} yanks all the text as a unit, | |
312 just as it was before it was killed. | |
313 | |
314 Thus, if you want to yank text as a unit, you need not kill all of it | |
315 with one command; you can keep killing line after line, or word after | |
316 word, until you have killed it all, and you can still get it all back at | |
317 once. | |
318 | |
319 Commands that kill forward from point add onto the end of the previous | |
320 killed text. Commands that kill backward from point add text onto the | |
321 beginning. This way, any sequence of mixed forward and backward kill | |
322 commands puts all the killed text into one entry without rearrangement. | |
323 Numeric arguments do not break the sequence of appending kills. For | |
324 example, suppose the buffer contains this text: | |
325 | |
326 @example | |
327 This is a line @point{}of sample text. | |
328 @end example | |
329 | |
330 @noindent | |
331 with point shown by @point{}. If you type @kbd{M-d M-@key{DEL} M-d | |
332 M-@key{DEL}}, killing alternately forward and backward, you end up with | |
333 @samp{a line of sample} as one entry in the kill ring, and @samp{This | |
334 is@ @ text.} in the buffer. (Note the double space between @samp{is} | |
335 and @samp{text}, which you can clean up with @kbd{M-@key{SPC}} or | |
336 @kbd{M-q}.) | |
337 | |
338 Another way to kill the same text is to move back two words with | |
339 @kbd{M-b M-b}, then kill all four words forward with @kbd{C-u M-d}. | |
340 This produces exactly the same results in the buffer and in the kill | |
341 ring. @kbd{M-f M-f C-u M-@key{DEL}} kills the same text, all going | |
342 backward; once again, the result is the same. The text in the kill ring | |
343 entry always has the same order that it had in the buffer before you | |
344 killed it. | |
345 | |
346 @kindex C-M-w | |
347 @findex append-next-kill | |
348 If a kill command is separated from the last kill command by other | |
349 commands (not just numeric arguments), it starts a new entry on the kill | |
350 ring. But you can force it to append by first typing the command | |
351 @kbd{C-M-w} (@code{append-next-kill}) right before it. The @kbd{C-M-w} | |
352 tells the following command, if it is a kill command, to append the text | |
353 it kills to the last killed text, instead of starting a new entry. With | |
354 @kbd{C-M-w}, you can kill several separated pieces of text and | |
355 accumulate them to be yanked back in one place.@refill | |
356 | |
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357 A kill command following @kbd{M-w} (@code{kill-ring-save}) does not |
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358 append to the text that @kbd{M-w} copied into the kill ring. |
84248 | 359 |
360 @node Earlier Kills | |
361 @subsection Yanking Earlier Kills | |
362 | |
363 @cindex yanking previous kills | |
364 @kindex M-y | |
365 @findex yank-pop | |
366 To recover killed text that is no longer the most recent kill, use the | |
367 @kbd{M-y} command (@code{yank-pop}). It takes the text previously | |
368 yanked and replaces it with the text from an earlier kill. So, to | |
369 recover the text of the next-to-the-last kill, first use @kbd{C-y} to | |
370 yank the last kill, and then use @kbd{M-y} to replace it with the | |
371 previous kill. @kbd{M-y} is allowed only after a @kbd{C-y} or another | |
372 @kbd{M-y}. | |
373 | |
374 You can understand @kbd{M-y} in terms of a ``last yank'' pointer which | |
375 points at an entry in the kill ring. Each time you kill, the ``last | |
376 yank'' pointer moves to the newly made entry at the front of the ring. | |
377 @kbd{C-y} yanks the entry which the ``last yank'' pointer points to. | |
378 @kbd{M-y} moves the ``last yank'' pointer to a different entry, and the | |
379 text in the buffer changes to match. Enough @kbd{M-y} commands can move | |
380 the pointer to any entry in the ring, so you can get any entry into the | |
381 buffer. Eventually the pointer reaches the end of the ring; the next | |
382 @kbd{M-y} loops back around to the first entry again. | |
383 | |
384 @kbd{M-y} moves the ``last yank'' pointer around the ring, but it does | |
385 not change the order of the entries in the ring, which always runs from | |
386 the most recent kill at the front to the oldest one still remembered. | |
387 | |
388 @kbd{M-y} can take a numeric argument, which tells it how many entries | |
389 to advance the ``last yank'' pointer by. A negative argument moves the | |
390 pointer toward the front of the ring; from the front of the ring, it | |
391 moves ``around'' to the last entry and continues forward from there. | |
392 | |
393 Once the text you are looking for is brought into the buffer, you can | |
394 stop doing @kbd{M-y} commands and it will stay there. It's just a copy | |
395 of the kill ring entry, so editing it in the buffer does not change | |
396 what's in the ring. As long as no new killing is done, the ``last | |
397 yank'' pointer remains at the same place in the kill ring, so repeating | |
398 @kbd{C-y} will yank another copy of the same previous kill. | |
399 | |
400 If you know how many @kbd{M-y} commands it would take to find the | |
401 text you want, you can yank that text in one step using @kbd{C-y} with | |
402 a numeric argument. @kbd{C-y} with an argument restores the text from | |
403 the specified kill ring entry, counting back from the most recent as | |
404 1. Thus, @kbd{C-u 2 C-y} gets the next-to-the-last block of killed | |
405 text---it is equivalent to @kbd{C-y M-y}. @kbd{C-y} with a numeric | |
406 argument starts counting from the ``last yank'' pointer, and sets the | |
407 ``last yank'' pointer to the entry that it yanks. | |
408 | |
409 @vindex kill-ring-max | |
410 The length of the kill ring is controlled by the variable | |
411 @code{kill-ring-max}; no more than that many blocks of killed text are | |
412 saved. | |
413 | |
414 @vindex kill-ring | |
415 The actual contents of the kill ring are stored in a variable named | |
416 @code{kill-ring}; you can view the entire contents of the kill ring with | |
417 the command @kbd{C-h v kill-ring}. | |
418 | |
419 @node Accumulating Text, Rectangles, Yanking, Top | |
420 @section Accumulating Text | |
421 @findex append-to-buffer | |
422 @findex prepend-to-buffer | |
423 @findex copy-to-buffer | |
424 @findex append-to-file | |
425 | |
426 @cindex accumulating scattered text | |
427 Usually we copy or move text by killing it and yanking it, but there | |
428 are other convenient methods for copying one block of text in many | |
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429 places, or for copying many scattered blocks of text into one place. |
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430 Here we describe the commands to accumulate scattered pieces of text |
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431 into a buffer or into a file. |
84248 | 432 |
433 @table @kbd | |
434 @item M-x append-to-buffer | |
435 Append region to the contents of a specified buffer. | |
436 @item M-x prepend-to-buffer | |
437 Prepend region to the contents of a specified buffer. | |
438 @item M-x copy-to-buffer | |
439 Copy region into a specified buffer, deleting that buffer's old contents. | |
440 @item M-x insert-buffer | |
441 Insert the contents of a specified buffer into current buffer at point. | |
442 @item M-x append-to-file | |
443 Append region to the contents of a specified file, at the end. | |
444 @end table | |
445 | |
446 To accumulate text into a buffer, use @kbd{M-x append-to-buffer}. | |
447 This reads a buffer name, then inserts a copy of the region into the | |
448 buffer specified. If you specify a nonexistent buffer, | |
449 @code{append-to-buffer} creates the buffer. The text is inserted | |
450 wherever point is in that buffer. If you have been using the buffer for | |
451 editing, the copied text goes into the middle of the text of the buffer, | |
452 starting from wherever point happens to be at that moment. | |
453 | |
454 Point in that buffer is left at the end of the copied text, so | |
455 successive uses of @code{append-to-buffer} accumulate the text in the | |
456 specified buffer in the same order as they were copied. Strictly | |
457 speaking, @code{append-to-buffer} does not always append to the text | |
458 already in the buffer---it appends only if point in that buffer is at the end. | |
459 However, if @code{append-to-buffer} is the only command you use to alter | |
460 a buffer, then point is always at the end. | |
461 | |
462 @kbd{M-x prepend-to-buffer} is just like @code{append-to-buffer} | |
463 except that point in the other buffer is left before the copied text, so | |
464 successive prependings add text in reverse order. @kbd{M-x | |
465 copy-to-buffer} is similar, except that any existing text in the other | |
466 buffer is deleted, so the buffer is left containing just the text newly | |
467 copied into it. | |
468 | |
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469 The command @kbd{M-x insert-buffer} can be used to retrieve the |
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470 accumulated text from another buffer. This prompts for the name of a |
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471 buffer, and inserts a copy of all the text in that buffer into the |
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472 current buffer at point, leaving point at the beginning of the |
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473 inserted text. It also adds the position of the end of the inserted |
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474 text to the mark ring, without activating the mark. @xref{Buffers}, |
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475 for background information on buffers. |
84248 | 476 |
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477 Instead of accumulating text in a buffer, you can append text |
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478 directly into a file with @kbd{M-x append-to-file}. This prompts for |
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479 a filename, and adds the text of the region to the end of the |
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480 specified file. The file is changed immediately on disk. |
84248 | 481 |
482 You should use @code{append-to-file} only with files that are | |
483 @emph{not} being visited in Emacs. Using it on a file that you are | |
484 editing in Emacs would change the file behind Emacs's back, which | |
485 can lead to losing some of your editing. | |
486 | |
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487 Another way to move text around is to store it in a register. |
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488 @xref{Registers}. |
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489 |
84248 | 490 @node Rectangles, CUA Bindings, Accumulating Text, Top |
491 @section Rectangles | |
492 @cindex rectangle | |
493 @cindex columns (and rectangles) | |
494 @cindex killing rectangular areas of text | |
495 | |
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496 @dfn{Rectangle} commands operate on rectangular areas of the text: |
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497 all the characters between a certain pair of columns, in a certain |
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498 range of lines. Emacs has commands to kill rectangles, yank killed |
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499 rectangles, clear them out, fill them with blanks or text, or delete |
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500 them. Rectangle commands are useful with text in multicolumn formats, |
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501 and for changing text into or out of such formats. |
84248 | 502 |
503 @cindex mark rectangle | |
504 When you must specify a rectangle for a command to work on, you do it | |
505 by putting the mark at one corner and point at the opposite corner. The | |
506 rectangle thus specified is called the @dfn{region-rectangle} because | |
507 you control it in much the same way as the region is controlled. But | |
508 remember that a given combination of point and mark values can be | |
509 interpreted either as a region or as a rectangle, depending on the | |
510 command that uses them. | |
511 | |
512 If point and the mark are in the same column, the rectangle they | |
513 delimit is empty. If they are in the same line, the rectangle is one | |
514 line high. This asymmetry between lines and columns comes about | |
515 because point (and likewise the mark) is between two columns, but within | |
516 a line. | |
517 | |
518 @table @kbd | |
519 @item C-x r k | |
520 Kill the text of the region-rectangle, saving its contents as the | |
521 ``last killed rectangle'' (@code{kill-rectangle}). | |
522 @item C-x r d | |
523 Delete the text of the region-rectangle (@code{delete-rectangle}). | |
524 @item C-x r y | |
525 Yank the last killed rectangle with its upper left corner at point | |
526 (@code{yank-rectangle}). | |
527 @item C-x r o | |
528 Insert blank space to fill the space of the region-rectangle | |
529 (@code{open-rectangle}). This pushes the previous contents of the | |
530 region-rectangle rightward. | |
531 @item C-x r c | |
532 Clear the region-rectangle by replacing all of its contents with spaces | |
533 (@code{clear-rectangle}). | |
534 @item M-x delete-whitespace-rectangle | |
535 Delete whitespace in each of the lines on the specified rectangle, | |
536 starting from the left edge column of the rectangle. | |
537 @item C-x r t @var{string} @key{RET} | |
538 Replace rectangle contents with @var{string} on each line | |
539 (@code{string-rectangle}). | |
540 @item M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET} @var{string} @key{RET} | |
541 Insert @var{string} on each line of the rectangle. | |
542 @end table | |
543 | |
544 The rectangle operations fall into two classes: commands for | |
545 deleting and inserting rectangles, and commands for blank rectangles. | |
546 | |
547 @kindex C-x r k | |
548 @kindex C-x r d | |
549 @findex kill-rectangle | |
550 @findex delete-rectangle | |
551 There are two ways to get rid of the text in a rectangle: you can | |
552 discard the text (delete it) or save it as the ``last killed'' | |
553 rectangle. The commands for these two ways are @kbd{C-x r d} | |
554 (@code{delete-rectangle}) and @kbd{C-x r k} (@code{kill-rectangle}). In | |
555 either case, the portion of each line that falls inside the rectangle's | |
556 boundaries is deleted, causing any following text on the line to | |
557 move left into the gap. | |
558 | |
559 Note that ``killing'' a rectangle is not killing in the usual sense; the | |
560 rectangle is not stored in the kill ring, but in a special place that | |
561 can only record the most recent rectangle killed. This is because yanking | |
562 a rectangle is so different from yanking linear text that different yank | |
563 commands have to be used. It is hard to define yank-popping for rectangles, | |
564 so we do not try. | |
565 | |
566 @kindex C-x r y | |
567 @findex yank-rectangle | |
568 To yank the last killed rectangle, type @kbd{C-x r y} | |
569 (@code{yank-rectangle}). Yanking a rectangle is the opposite of killing | |
570 one. Point specifies where to put the rectangle's upper left corner. | |
571 The rectangle's first line is inserted there, the rectangle's second | |
572 line is inserted at the same horizontal position, but one line | |
573 vertically down, and so on. The number of lines affected is determined | |
574 by the height of the saved rectangle. | |
575 | |
576 You can convert single-column lists into double-column lists using | |
577 rectangle killing and yanking; kill the second half of the list as a | |
578 rectangle and then yank it beside the first line of the list. | |
579 @xref{Two-Column}, for another way to edit multi-column text. | |
580 | |
581 You can also copy rectangles into and out of registers with @kbd{C-x r | |
582 r @var{r}} and @kbd{C-x r i @var{r}}. @xref{RegRect,,Rectangle | |
583 Registers}. | |
584 | |
585 @kindex C-x r o | |
586 @findex open-rectangle | |
587 @kindex C-x r c | |
588 @findex clear-rectangle | |
589 There are two commands you can use for making blank rectangles: | |
590 @kbd{C-x r c} (@code{clear-rectangle}) which blanks out existing text, | |
591 and @kbd{C-x r o} (@code{open-rectangle}) which inserts a blank | |
592 rectangle. Clearing a rectangle is equivalent to deleting it and then | |
593 inserting a blank rectangle of the same size. | |
594 | |
595 @findex delete-whitespace-rectangle | |
596 The command @kbd{M-x delete-whitespace-rectangle} deletes horizontal | |
597 whitespace starting from a particular column. This applies to each of | |
598 the lines in the rectangle, and the column is specified by the left | |
599 edge of the rectangle. The right edge of the rectangle does not make | |
600 any difference to this command. | |
601 | |
602 @kindex C-x r t | |
603 @findex string-rectangle | |
604 The command @kbd{C-x r t} (@code{string-rectangle}) replaces the | |
605 contents of a region-rectangle with a string on each line. The | |
606 string's width need not be the same as the width of the rectangle. If | |
607 the string's width is less, the text after the rectangle shifts left; | |
608 if the string is wider than the rectangle, the text after the | |
609 rectangle shifts right. | |
610 | |
611 @findex string-insert-rectangle | |
612 The command @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle} is similar to | |
613 @code{string-rectangle}, but inserts the string on each line, | |
614 shifting the original text to the right. | |
615 | |
616 @node CUA Bindings, Registers, Rectangles, Top | |
617 @section CUA Bindings | |
618 @findex cua-mode | |
619 @vindex cua-mode | |
620 @cindex CUA key bindings | |
621 @vindex cua-enable-cua-keys | |
622 The command @kbd{M-x cua-mode} sets up key bindings that are | |
623 compatible with the Common User Access (CUA) system used in many other | |
624 applications. @kbd{C-x} means cut (kill), @kbd{C-c} copy, @kbd{C-v} | |
625 paste (yank), and @kbd{C-z} undo. Standard Emacs commands like | |
626 @kbd{C-x C-c} still work, because @kbd{C-x} and @kbd{C-c} only take | |
627 effect when the mark is active (and the region is highlighted). | |
628 However, if you don't want to override these bindings in Emacs at all, | |
629 set @code{cua-enable-cua-keys} to @code{nil}. | |
630 | |
631 To enter an Emacs command like @kbd{C-x C-f} while the mark is | |
632 active, use one of the following methods: either hold @kbd{Shift} | |
633 together with the prefix key, e.g. @kbd{S-C-x C-f}, or quickly type | |
634 the prefix key twice, e.g. @kbd{C-x C-x C-f}. | |
635 | |
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636 In CUA mode, typed text replaces the active region as in |
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637 Delete-Selection mode (@pxref{Mouse Commands}). |
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638 |
84248 | 639 @cindex rectangle highlighting |
640 CUA mode provides enhanced rectangle support with visible | |
641 rectangle highlighting. Use @kbd{C-RET} to start a rectangle, | |
642 extend it using the movement commands, and cut or copy it using | |
643 @kbd{C-x} or @kbd{C-c}. @kbd{RET} moves the cursor to the next | |
644 (clockwise) corner of the rectangle, so you can easily expand it in | |
645 any direction. Normal text you type is inserted to the left or right | |
646 of each line in the rectangle (on the same side as the cursor). | |
647 | |
648 With CUA you can easily copy text and rectangles into and out of | |
649 registers by providing a one-digit numeric prefix to the kill, copy, | |
650 and yank commands, e.g. @kbd{C-1 C-c} copies the region into register | |
651 @code{1}, and @kbd{C-2 C-v} yanks the contents of register @code{2}. | |
652 | |
653 @cindex global mark | |
654 CUA mode also has a global mark feature which allows easy moving and | |
655 copying of text between buffers. Use @kbd{C-S-SPC} to toggle the | |
656 global mark on and off. When the global mark is on, all text that you | |
657 kill or copy is automatically inserted at the global mark, and text | |
658 you type is inserted at the global mark rather than at the current | |
659 position. | |
660 | |
661 For example, to copy words from various buffers into a word list in | |
662 a given buffer, set the global mark in the target buffer, then | |
663 navigate to each of the words you want in the list, mark it (e.g. with | |
664 @kbd{S-M-f}), copy it to the list with @kbd{C-c} or @kbd{M-w}, and | |
665 insert a newline after the word in the target list by pressing | |
666 @key{RET}. | |
667 | |
668 @ifnottex | |
669 @lowersections | |
670 @end ifnottex | |
671 | |
672 @ignore | |
673 arch-tag: d8da8f96-0928-449a-816e-ff2d3497866c | |
674 @end ignore |