annotate man/misc.texi @ 37103:a37e7c520711

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author Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
date Fri, 30 Mar 2001 16:04:02 +0000
parents 6883b349cfd6
children d8b197c6f26d
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 2000
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3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @iftex
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6 @chapter Miscellaneous Commands
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7
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8 This chapter contains several brief topics that do not fit anywhere
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9 else: reading netnews, running shell commands and shell subprocesses,
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10 using a single shared Emacs for utilities that expect to run an editor
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11 as a subprocess, printing hardcopy, sorting text, narrowing display to
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12 part of the buffer, editing double-column files and binary files, saving
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13 an Emacs session for later resumption, emulating other editors, and
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14 various diversions and amusements.
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15
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16 @end iftex
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17 @node Gnus, Shell, Calendar/Diary, Top
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18 @section Gnus
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19 @cindex Gnus
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20 @cindex reading netnews
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21
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22 Gnus is an Emacs package primarily designed for reading and posting
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23 Usenet news. It can also be used to read and respond to messages from a
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24 number of other sources---mail, remote directories, digests, and so on.
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25
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26 Here we introduce Gnus and describe several basic features.
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27 @ifinfo
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28 For full details, see @ref{Top, Gnus,, gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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29 @end ifinfo
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30 @iftex
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31 For full details on Gnus, type @kbd{M-x info} and then select the Gnus
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32 manual.
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33 @end iftex
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34
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35 @findex gnus
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36 To start Gnus, type @kbd{M-x gnus @key{RET}}.
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37
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38 @menu
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39 * Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers.
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40 * Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus.
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41 * Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
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42 @end menu
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43
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44 @node Buffers of Gnus
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45 @subsection Gnus Buffers
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46
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47 As opposed to most normal Emacs packages, Gnus uses a number of
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48 different buffers to display information and to receive commands. The
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49 three buffers users spend most of their time in are the @dfn{group
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50 buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the @dfn{article buffer}.
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51
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52 The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of groups. This is the first
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53 buffer Gnus displays when it starts up. It normally displays only the
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54 groups to which you subscribe and that contain unread articles. Use
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55 this buffer to select a specific group.
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56
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57 The @dfn{summary buffer} lists one line for each article in a single
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58 group. By default, the author, the subject and the line number are
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59 displayed for each article, but this is customizable, like most aspects
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60 of Gnus display. The summary buffer is created when you select a group
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61 in the group buffer, and is killed when you exit the group. Use this
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62 buffer to select an article.
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63
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64 The @dfn{article buffer} displays the article. In normal Gnus usage,
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65 you don't select this buffer---all useful article-oriented commands work
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66 in the summary buffer. But you can select the article buffer, and
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67 execute all Gnus commands from that buffer, if you want to.
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68
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69 @node Gnus Startup
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70 @subsection When Gnus Starts Up
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71
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72 At startup, Gnus reads your @file{.newsrc} news initialization file
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73 and attempts to communicate with the local news server, which is a
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74 repository of news articles. The news server need not be the same
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75 computer you are logged in on.
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76
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77 If you start Gnus and connect to the server, but do not see any
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78 newsgroups listed in the group buffer, type @kbd{L} or @kbd{A k} to get
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79 a listing of all the groups. Then type @kbd{u} to toggle
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80 subscription to groups.
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81
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82 The first time you start Gnus, Gnus subscribes you to a few selected
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83 groups. All other groups start out as @dfn{killed groups} for you; you
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84 can list them with @kbd{A k}. All new groups that subsequently come to
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85 exist at the news server become @dfn{zombie groups} for you; type @kbd{A
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86 z} to list them. You can subscribe to a group shown in these lists
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87 using the @kbd{u} command.
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88
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89 When you quit Gnus with @kbd{q}, it automatically records in your
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90 @file{.newsrc} and @file{.newsrc.eld} initialization files the
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91 subscribed or unsubscribed status of all groups. You should normally
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92 not edit these files manually, but you may if you know how.
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93
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94 @node Summary of Gnus
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95 @subsection Summary of Gnus Commands
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96
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97 Reading news is a two step process:
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98
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99 @enumerate
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100 @item
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101 Choose a group in the group buffer.
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102
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103 @item
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104 Select articles from the summary buffer. Each article selected is
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105 displayed in the article buffer in a large window, below the summary
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106 buffer in its small window.
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107 @end enumerate
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108
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109 Each Gnus buffer has its own special commands; however, the meanings
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110 of any given key in the various Gnus buffers are usually analogous, even
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111 if not identical. Here are commands for the group and summary buffers:
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112
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113 @table @kbd
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114 @kindex q @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
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115 @findex gnus-group-exit
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116 @item q
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117 In the group buffer, update your @file{.newsrc} initialization file
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118 and quit Gnus.
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119
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120 In the summary buffer, exit the current group and return to the
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121 group buffer. Thus, typing @kbd{q} twice quits Gnus.
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122
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123 @kindex L @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
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124 @findex gnus-group-list-all-groups
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125 @item L
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126 In the group buffer, list all the groups available on your news
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127 server (except those you have killed). This may be a long list!
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128
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129 @kindex l @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
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130 @findex gnus-group-list-groups
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131 @item l
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132 In the group buffer, list only the groups to which you subscribe and
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133 which contain unread articles.
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134
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135 @kindex u @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
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136 @findex gnus-group-unsubscribe-current-group
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137 @cindex subscribe groups
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138 @cindex unsubscribe groups
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139 @item u
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140 In the group buffer, unsubscribe from (or subscribe to) the group listed
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141 in the line that point is on. When you quit Gnus by typing @kbd{q},
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142 Gnus lists in your @file{.newsrc} file which groups you have subscribed
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143 to. The next time you start Gnus, you won't see this group,
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144 because Gnus normally displays only subscribed-to groups.
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145
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146 @kindex C-k @r{(Gnus)}
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147 @findex gnus-group-kill-group
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148 @item C-k
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149 In the group buffer, ``kill'' the current line's group---don't
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150 even list it in @file{.newsrc} from now on. This affects future
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151 Gnus sessions as well as the present session.
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152
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153 When you quit Gnus by typing @kbd{q}, Gnus writes information
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154 in the file @file{.newsrc} describing all newsgroups except those you
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155 have ``killed.''
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156
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157 @kindex SPC @r{(Gnus)}
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158 @findex gnus-group-read-group
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159 @item @key{SPC}
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160 In the group buffer, select the group on the line under the cursor
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161 and display the first unread article in that group.
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162
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163 @need 1000
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164 In the summary buffer,
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165
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166 @itemize @bullet
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167 @item
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168 Select the article on the line under the cursor if none is selected.
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169
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170 @item
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171 Scroll the text of the selected article (if there is one).
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172
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173 @item
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174 Select the next unread article if at the end of the current article.
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175 @end itemize
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176
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177 Thus, you can move through all the articles by repeatedly typing @key{SPC}.
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178
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179 @kindex DEL @r{(Gnus)}
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180 @item @key{DEL}
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181 In the group buffer, move point to the previous group containing
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182 unread articles.
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183
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184 @findex gnus-summary-prev-page
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185 In the summary buffer, scroll the text of the article backwards.
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186
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187 @kindex n @r{(Gnus)}
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188 @findex gnus-group-next-unread-group
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189 @findex gnus-summary-next-unread-article
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190 @item n
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191 Move point to the next unread group, or select the next unread article.
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192
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193 @kindex p @r{(Gnus)}
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194 @findex gnus-group-prev-unread-group
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195 @findex gnus-summary-prev-unread-article
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196 @item p
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197 Move point to the previous unread group, or select the previous
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198 unread article.
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199
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200 @kindex C-n @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
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201 @findex gnus-group-next-group
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202 @kindex C-p @r{(Gnus Group mode)}
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203 @findex gnus-group-prev-group
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204 @kindex C-n @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
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205 @findex gnus-summary-next-subject
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206 @kindex C-p @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
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207 @findex gnus-summary-prev-subject
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208 @item C-n
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209 @itemx C-p
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210 Move point to the next or previous item, even if it is marked as read.
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211 This does not select the article or group on that line.
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212
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213 @kindex s @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
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214 @findex gnus-summary-isearch-article
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215 @item s
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216 In the summary buffer, do an incremental search of the current text in
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217 the article buffer, just as if you switched to the article buffer and
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218 typed @kbd{C-s}.
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219
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220 @kindex M-s @r{(Gnus Summary mode)}
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221 @findex gnus-summary-search-article-forward
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222 @item M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}
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223 In the summary buffer, search forward for articles containing a match
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224 for @var{regexp}.
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225
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226 @end table
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227
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228 @ignore
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229 @node Where to Look
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230 @subsection Where to Look Further
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231
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232 @c Too many references to the name of the manual if done with xref in TeX!
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233 Gnus is powerful and customizable. Here are references to a few
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234 @ifinfo
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235 additional topics:
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236
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237 @end ifinfo
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238 @iftex
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239 additional topics in @cite{The Gnus Manual}:
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240
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241 @itemize @bullet
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242 @item
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243 Follow discussions on specific topics.@*
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244 See section ``Threading.''
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245
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246 @item
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247 Read digests. See section ``Document Groups.''
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248
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249 @item
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250 Refer to and jump to the parent of the current article.@*
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251 See section ``Finding the Parent.''
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252
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253 @item
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254 Refer to articles by using Message-IDs included in the messages.@*
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255 See section ``Article Keymap.''
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256
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257 @item
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258 Save articles. See section ``Saving Articles.''
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259
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260 @item
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261 Have Gnus score articles according to various criteria, like author
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262 name, subject, or string in the body of the articles.@*
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263 See section ``Scoring.''
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264
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265 @item
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266 Send an article to a newsgroup.@*
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267 See section ``Composing Messages.''
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268 @end itemize
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269 @end iftex
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270 @ifinfo
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271 @itemize @bullet
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272 @item
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273 Follow discussions on specific topics.@*
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274 @xref{Threading, , Reading Based on Conversation Threads,
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275 gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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276
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277 @item
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278 Read digests. @xref{Document Groups, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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279
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280 @item
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281 Refer to and jump to the parent of the current article.@*
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282 @xref{Finding the Parent, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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283
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284 @item
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285 Refer to articles by using Message-IDs included in the messages.@*
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286 @xref{Article Keymap, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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287
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288 @item
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289 Save articles. @xref{Saving Articles, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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290
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291 @item
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292 Have Gnus score articles according to various criteria, like author
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293 name, subject, or string in the body of the articles.@*
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294 @xref{Scoring, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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295
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296 @item
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297 Send an article to a newsgroup.@*
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298 @xref{Composing Messages, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
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299 @end itemize
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300 @end ifinfo
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301 @end ignore
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302
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303 @node Shell, Emacs Server, Gnus, Top
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304 @section Running Shell Commands from Emacs
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305 @cindex subshell
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306 @cindex shell commands
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307
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308 Emacs has commands for passing single command lines to inferior shell
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309 processes; it can also run a shell interactively with input and output
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310 to an Emacs buffer named @samp{*shell*} or run a shell inside a terminal
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311 emulator window.
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312
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313 There is a shell implemented entirely in Emacs, documented in a separate
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314 manual. @xref{, ,Eshell , eshell, Eshell: The Emacs Shell}.
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315
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316 @table @kbd
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317 @item M-! @var{cmd} @key{RET}
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318 Run the shell command line @var{cmd} and display the output
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319 (@code{shell-command}).
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320 @item M-| @var{cmd} @key{RET}
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321 Run the shell command line @var{cmd} with region contents as input;
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322 optionally replace the region with the output
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323 (@code{shell-command-on-region}).
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324 @item M-x shell
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325 Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer.
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326 You can then give commands interactively.
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327 @item M-x term
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
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328 Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
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329 You can then give commands interactively.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
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330 Full terminal emulation is available.
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331 @item M-x eshell
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332 @findex eshell
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333 Start the Emacs shell.
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334 @end table
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335
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336 @menu
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337 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
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338 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
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339 * Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
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340 * History: Shell History. Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
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341 * Directory Tracking:: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory.
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342 * Options: Shell Options. Options for customizing Shell mode.
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343 * Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
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344 * Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
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345 * Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator.
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346 * Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
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347 @end menu
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348
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349 @node Single Shell
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350 @subsection Single Shell Commands
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351
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352 @kindex M-!
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353 @findex shell-command
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354 @kbd{M-!} (@code{shell-command}) reads a line of text using the
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355 minibuffer and executes it as a shell command in a subshell made just
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356 for that command. Standard input for the command comes from the null
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357 device. If the shell command produces any output, the output goes into
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358 an Emacs buffer named @samp{*Shell Command Output*}, which is displayed
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359 in another window but not selected. A numeric argument, as in @kbd{M-1
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360 M-!}, directs this command to insert any output into the current buffer.
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361 In that case, point is left before the output and the mark is set after
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362 the output.
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363
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364 If the shell command line ends in @samp{&}, it runs asynchronously.
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365 For a synchronous shell command, @code{shell-command} returns the
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366 command's exit status (0 means success), when it is called from a Lisp
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367 program.
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368
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369 @kindex M-|
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370 @findex shell-command-on-region
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371 @kbd{M-|} (@code{shell-command-on-region}) is like @kbd{M-!} but
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372 passes the contents of the region as the standard input to the shell
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373 command, instead of no input. If a numeric argument is used, meaning
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374 insert the output in the current buffer, then the old region is deleted
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375 first and the output replaces it as the contents of the region. It
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376 returns the command's exit status when it is called from a Lisp program.
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377
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378 @vindex shell-file-name
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379 @cindex environment
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380 Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} use @code{shell-file-name} to specify the
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381 shell to use. This variable is initialized based on your @env{SHELL}
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382 environment variable when Emacs is started. If the file name does not
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383 specify a directory, the directories in the list @code{exec-path} are
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384 searched; this list is initialized based on the environment variable
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385 @env{PATH} when Emacs is started. Your @file{.emacs} file can override
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386 either or both of these default initializations.@refill
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387
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388 Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} wait for the shell command to complete.
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389 To stop waiting, type @kbd{C-g} to quit; that terminates the shell
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390 command with the signal @code{SIGINT}---the same signal that @kbd{C-c}
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391 normally generates in the shell. Emacs waits until the command actually
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392 terminates. If the shell command doesn't stop (because it ignores the
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393 @code{SIGINT} signal), type @kbd{C-g} again; this sends the command a
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394 @code{SIGKILL} signal which is impossible to ignore.
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395
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396 To specify a coding system for @kbd{M-!} or @kbd{M-|}, use the command
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397 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately beforehand. @xref{Specify Coding}.
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398
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399 @vindex shell-command-default-error-buffer
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400 Error output from the command is normally intermixed with the regular
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401 output. If you set the variable
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402 @code{shell-command-default-error-buffer} to a string, which is a buffer
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403 name, error output is inserted before point in the buffer of that name.
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404
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405 @node Interactive Shell
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406 @subsection Interactive Inferior Shell
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407
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408 @findex shell
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409 To run a subshell interactively, putting its typescript in an Emacs
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410 buffer, use @kbd{M-x shell}. This creates (or reuses) a buffer named
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411 @samp{*shell*} and runs a subshell with input coming from and output going
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412 to that buffer. That is to say, any ``terminal output'' from the subshell
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413 goes into the buffer, advancing point, and any ``terminal input'' for
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414 the subshell comes from text in the buffer. To give input to the subshell,
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415 go to the end of the buffer and type the input, terminated by @key{RET}.
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416
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417 Emacs does not wait for the subshell to do anything. You can switch
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418 windows or buffers and edit them while the shell is waiting, or while it is
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419 running a command. Output from the subshell waits until Emacs has time to
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420 process it; this happens whenever Emacs is waiting for keyboard input or
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421 for time to elapse.
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422
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423 @cindex @code{comint-highlight-input} face
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424 @cindex @code{comint-highlight-prompt} face
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425 Input lines, once you submit them, are displayed using the face
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426 @code{comint-highlight-input}, and prompts are displayed using the
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427 face @code{comint-highlight-prompt}. This makes it easier to see
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428 previous input lines in the buffer. @xref{Faces}.
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429
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430 To make multiple subshells, rename the buffer @samp{*shell*} to
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431 something different using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely}. Then type @kbd{M-x
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432 shell} again to create a new buffer @samp{*shell*} with its own
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433 subshell. If you rename this buffer as well, you can create a third
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434 one, and so on. All the subshells run independently and in parallel.
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435
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diff changeset
436 @vindex explicit-shell-file-name
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437 @cindex @env{ESHELL} environment variable
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438 @cindex @env{SHELL} environment variable
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439 The file name used to load the subshell is the value of the variable
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440 @code{explicit-shell-file-name}, if that is non-@code{nil}. Otherwise,
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441 the environment variable @env{ESHELL} is used, or the environment
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442 variable @env{SHELL} if there is no @env{ESHELL}. If the file name
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443 specified is relative, the directories in the list @code{exec-path} are
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444 searched; this list is initialized based on the environment variable
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445 @env{PATH} when Emacs is started. Your @file{.emacs} file can override
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446 either or both of these default initializations.
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diff changeset
447
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448 Emacs sends the new shell the contents of the file
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449 @file{~/.emacs_@var{shellname}} as input, if it exists, where
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450 @var{shellname} is the name of the file that the shell was loaded
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451 from. For example, if you use bash, the file sent to it is
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452 @file{~/.emacs_bash}.
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453
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454 To specify a coding system for the shell, you can use the command
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455 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately before @kbd{M-x shell}. You can also
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456 specify a coding system after starting the shell by using @kbd{C-x
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457 @key{RET} p} in the shell buffer. @xref{Specify Coding}.
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diff changeset
458
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459 Emacs defines the environment variable @env{EMACS} in the subshell,
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460 with value @code{t}. A shell script can check this variable to
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461 determine whether it has been run from an Emacs subshell.
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462
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463 @node Shell Mode
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464 @subsection Shell Mode
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465 @cindex Shell mode
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466 @cindex mode, Shell
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467
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468 Shell buffers use Shell mode, which defines several special keys
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469 attached to the @kbd{C-c} prefix. They are chosen to resemble the usual
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parents:
diff changeset
470 editing and job control characters present in shells that are not under
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471 Emacs, except that you must type @kbd{C-c} first. Here is a complete list
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472 of the special key bindings of Shell mode:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 @item @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 @kindex RET @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477 @findex comint-send-input
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
478 At end of buffer send line as input; otherwise, copy current line to
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
479 end of buffer and send it (@code{comint-send-input}). When a line is
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
480 copied, any prompt at the beginning if the line (text output by
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
481 programs preceding your input) is omitted. See also
32516
f89fc1421b53 Update references to shell prompts and comint-prompt-regexp, etc.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31310
diff changeset
482 @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 @item @key{TAB}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 @kindex TAB @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 @findex comint-dynamic-complete
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487 Complete the command name or file name before point in the shell buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 (@code{comint-dynamic-complete}). @key{TAB} also completes history
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489 references (@pxref{History References}) and environment variable names.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491 @vindex shell-completion-fignore
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 @vindex comint-completion-fignore
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493 The variable @code{shell-completion-fignore} specifies a list of file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 name extensions to ignore in Shell mode completion. The default setting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 ignores file names ending in @samp{~}, @samp{#} or @samp{%}. Other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 related Comint modes use the variable @code{comint-completion-fignore}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 instead.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 @item M-?
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 @kindex M-? @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 @findex comint-dynamic-list-filename@dots{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 Display temporarily a list of the possible completions of the file name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 before point in the shell buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 (@code{comint-dynamic-list-filename-completions}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 @item C-d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 @kindex C-d @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 @findex comint-delchar-or-maybe-eof
26290
df10644e22b5 Fix complaints from makeinfo 4.0.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
509 Either delete a character or send @sc{eof}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 (@code{comint-delchar-or-maybe-eof}). Typed at the end of the shell
26290
df10644e22b5 Fix complaints from makeinfo 4.0.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25829
diff changeset
511 buffer, @kbd{C-d} sends @sc{eof} to the subshell. Typed at any other
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 position in the buffer, @kbd{C-d} deletes a character as usual.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 @item C-c C-a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 @findex comint-bol
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 Move to the beginning of the line, but after the prompt if any
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 (@code{comint-bol}). If you repeat this command twice in a row, the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519 second time it moves back to the process mark, which is the beginning of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 the input that you have not yet sent to the subshell. (Normally that is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 the same place---the end of the prompt on this line---but after @kbd{C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 @key{SPC}} the process mark may be in a previous line.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 @item C-c @key{SPC}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 Accumulate multiple lines of input, then send them together. This
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 command inserts a newline before point, but does not send the preceding
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 text as input to the subshell---at least, not yet. Both lines, the one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528 before this newline and the one after, will be sent together (along with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529 the newline that separates them), when you type @key{RET}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 @item C-c C-u
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532 @kindex C-c C-u @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 @findex comint-kill-input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 Kill all text pending at end of buffer to be sent as input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535 (@code{comint-kill-input}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537 @item C-c C-w
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538 @kindex C-c C-w @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 Kill a word before point (@code{backward-kill-word}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 @item C-c C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 @findex comint-interrupt-subjob
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544 Interrupt the shell or its current subjob if any
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 (@code{comint-interrupt-subjob}). This command also kills
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 any shell input pending in the shell buffer and not yet sent.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 @item C-c C-z
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 @kindex C-c C-z @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 @findex comint-stop-subjob
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
551 Stop the shell or its current subjob if any (@code{comint-stop-subjob}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552 This command also kills any shell input pending in the shell buffer and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 not yet sent.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 @item C-c C-\
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 @findex comint-quit-subjob
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 @kindex C-c C-\ @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 Send quit signal to the shell or its current subjob if any
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 (@code{comint-quit-subjob}). This command also kills any shell input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 pending in the shell buffer and not yet sent.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562 @item C-c C-o
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(Shell mode)}
32637
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
564 @findex comint-delete-output
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
565 Delete the last batch of output from a shell command
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
566 (@code{comint-delete-output}). This is useful if a shell command spews
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
567 out lots of output that just gets in the way. This command used to be
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
568 called @code{comint-kill-output}.
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
569
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
570 @item C-c C-s
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
571 @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Shell mode)}
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
572 @findex comint-write-output
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
573 Write the last batch of output from a shell command to a file
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
574 (@code{comint-write-output}). With a prefix argument, the file is
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
575 appended to instead. Any prompt at the end of the output is not
6fcf803fe8c5 (Shell Mode):
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32516
diff changeset
576 written.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578 @item C-c C-r
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 @itemx C-M-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 @kindex C-c C-r @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581 @kindex C-M-l @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 @findex comint-show-output
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 Scroll to display the beginning of the last batch of output at the top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 of the window; also move the cursor there (@code{comint-show-output}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586 @item C-c C-e
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 @findex comint-show-maximum-output
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589 Scroll to put the end of the buffer at the bottom of the window
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 (@code{comint-show-maximum-output}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 @item C-c C-f
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 @findex shell-forward-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 @vindex shell-command-regexp
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 Move forward across one shell command, but not beyond the current line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 (@code{shell-forward-command}). The variable @code{shell-command-regexp}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 specifies how to recognize the end of a command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 @item C-c C-b
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 @findex shell-backward-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603 Move backward across one shell command, but not beyond the current line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 (@code{shell-backward-command}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 @item C-c C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 @findex comint-dynamic-list-input-ring
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
609 Display the buffer's history of shell commands in another window
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 (@code{comint-dynamic-list-input-ring}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 @item M-x dirs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 Ask the shell what its current directory is, so that Emacs can agree
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 with the shell.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 @item M-x send-invisible @key{RET} @var{text} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
617 @findex send-invisible
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
618 Send @var{text} as input to the shell, after reading it without
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619 echoing. This is useful when a shell command runs a program that asks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620 for a password.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622 Alternatively, you can arrange for Emacs to notice password prompts
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 and turn off echoing for them, as follows:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 'comint-watch-for-password-prompt)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 @item M-x comint-continue-subjob
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 @findex comint-continue-subjob
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 Continue the shell process. This is useful if you accidentally suspend
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 the shell process.@footnote{You should not suspend the shell process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 Suspending a subjob of the shell is a completely different matter---that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 is normal practice, but you must use the shell to continue the subjob;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 this command won't do it.}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 @item M-x comint-strip-ctrl-m
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 @findex comint-strip-ctrl-m
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 Discard all control-M characters from the current group of shell output.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 The most convenient way to use this command is to make it run
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 automatically when you get output from the subshell. To do that,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 evaluate this Lisp expression:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 'comint-strip-ctrl-m)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 @item M-x comint-truncate-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 @findex comint-truncate-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 This command truncates the shell buffer to a certain maximum number of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 lines, specified by the variable @code{comint-buffer-maximum-size}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 Here's how to do this automatically each time you get output from the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 subshell:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659 'comint-truncate-buffer)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 Shell mode also customizes the paragraph commands so that only shell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 prompts start new paragraphs. Thus, a paragraph consists of an input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 command plus the output that follows it in the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 @cindex Comint mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @cindex mode, Comint
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 Shell mode is a derivative of Comint mode, a general-purpose mode for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 communicating with interactive subprocesses. Most of the features of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 Shell mode actually come from Comint mode, as you can see from the
32516
f89fc1421b53 Update references to shell prompts and comint-prompt-regexp, etc.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31310
diff changeset
672 command names listed above. The special features of Shell mode include
f89fc1421b53 Update references to shell prompts and comint-prompt-regexp, etc.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31310
diff changeset
673 the directory tracking feature, and a few user commands.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 Other Emacs features that use variants of Comint mode include GUD
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 (@pxref{Debuggers}) and @kbd{M-x run-lisp} (@pxref{External Lisp}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 @findex comint-run
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 You can use @kbd{M-x comint-run} to execute any program of your choice
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 in a subprocess using unmodified Comint mode---without the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 specializations of Shell mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 @node Shell History
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 @subsection Shell Command History
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 Shell buffers support three ways of repeating earlier commands. You
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 can use the same keys used in the minibuffer; these work much as they do
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 in the minibuffer, inserting text from prior commands while point
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 remains always at the end of the buffer. You can move through the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 buffer to previous inputs in their original place, then resubmit them or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 copy them to the end. Or you can use a @samp{!}-style history
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 reference.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 @menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 * Ring: Shell Ring. Fetching commands from the history list.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 * Copy: Shell History Copying. Moving to a command and then copying it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 * History References:: Expanding @samp{!}-style history references.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 @end menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 @node Shell Ring
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 @subsubsection Shell History Ring
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 @findex comint-previous-input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 @kindex M-p @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 @item M-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 Fetch the next earlier old shell command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 @kindex M-n @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 @findex comint-next-input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 @item M-n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 Fetch the next later old shell command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 @kindex M-r @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 @kindex M-s @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 @findex comint-previous-matching-input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 @findex comint-next-matching-input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 @item M-r @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 @itemx M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 Search backwards or forwards for old shell commands that match @var{regexp}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 @item C-c C-x @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 @findex comint-get-next-from-history
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 Fetch the next subsequent command from the history.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 Shell buffers provide a history of previously entered shell commands. To
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 reuse shell commands from the history, use the editing commands @kbd{M-p},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 @kbd{M-n}, @kbd{M-r} and @kbd{M-s}. These work just like the minibuffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 history commands except that they operate on the text at the end of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 shell buffer, where you would normally insert text to send to the shell.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 @kbd{M-p} fetches an earlier shell command to the end of the shell buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 Successive use of @kbd{M-p} fetches successively earlier shell commands,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 each replacing any text that was already present as potential shell input.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 @kbd{M-n} does likewise except that it finds successively more recent shell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 commands from the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 The history search commands @kbd{M-r} and @kbd{M-s} read a regular
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 expression and search through the history for a matching command. Aside
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 from the choice of which command to fetch, they work just like @kbd{M-p}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 and @kbd{M-r}. If you enter an empty regexp, these commands reuse the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 same regexp used last time.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 When you find the previous input you want, you can resubmit it by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 typing @key{RET}, or you can edit it first and then resubmit it if you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747 wish.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 Often it is useful to reexecute several successive shell commands that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 were previously executed in sequence. To do this, first find and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 reexecute the first command of the sequence. Then type @kbd{C-c C-x};
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 that will fetch the following command---the one that follows the command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 you just repeated. Then type @key{RET} to reexecute this command. You
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 can reexecute several successive commands by typing @kbd{C-c C-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 @key{RET}} over and over.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 These commands get the text of previous shell commands from a special
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 history list, not from the shell buffer itself. Thus, editing the shell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 buffer, or even killing large parts of it, does not affect the history
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 that these commands access.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 @vindex shell-input-ring-file-name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 Some shells store their command histories in files so that you can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 refer to previous commands from previous shell sessions. Emacs reads
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 the command history file for your chosen shell, to initialize its own
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 command history. The file name is @file{~/.bash_history} for bash,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 @file{~/.sh_history} for ksh, and @file{~/.history} for other shells.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 @node Shell History Copying
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770 @subsubsection Shell History Copying
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 @findex comint-previous-prompt
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @item C-c C-p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 Move point to the previous prompt (@code{comint-previous-prompt}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 @findex comint-next-prompt
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 @item C-c C-n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 Move point to the following prompt (@code{comint-next-prompt}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @kindex C-c RET @r{(Shell mode)}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @findex comint-copy-old-input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 @item C-c @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 Copy the input command which point is in, inserting the copy at the end
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 of the buffer (@code{comint-copy-old-input}). This is useful if you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 move point back to a previous command. After you copy the command, you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 can submit the copy as input with @key{RET}. If you wish, you can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 edit the copy before resubmitting it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 Moving to a previous input and then copying it with @kbd{C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @key{RET}} produces the same results---the same buffer contents---that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 you would get by using @kbd{M-p} enough times to fetch that previous
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 input from the history list. However, @kbd{C-c @key{RET}} copies the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 text from the buffer, which can be different from what is in the history
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 list if you edit the input text in the buffer after it has been sent.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 @node History References
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 @subsubsection Shell History References
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 @cindex history reference
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
804 Various shells including csh and bash support @dfn{history
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
805 references} that begin with @samp{!} and @samp{^}. Shell mode
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
806 recognizes these constructs, and can perform the history substitution
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
807 for you.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
808
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
809 If you insert a history reference and type @key{TAB}, this searches
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
810 the input history for a matching command, performs substitution if
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
811 necessary, and places the result in the buffer in place of the history
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
812 reference. For example, you can fetch the most recent command
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
813 beginning with @samp{mv} with @kbd{! m v @key{TAB}}. You can edit the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
814 command if you wish, and then resubmit the command to the shell by
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
815 typing @key{RET}.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
816
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
817 @vindex comint-input-autoexpand
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
818 @findex comint-magic-space
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
819 Shell mode can optionally expand history references in the buffer
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
820 when you send them to the shell. To request this, set the variable
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
821 @code{comint-input-autoexpand} to @code{input}. You can make
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
822 @key{SPC} perform history expansion by binding @key{SPC} to the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
823 command @code{comint-magic-space}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 @vindex shell-prompt-pattern
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 @vindex comint-prompt-regexp
32516
f89fc1421b53 Update references to shell prompts and comint-prompt-regexp, etc.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31310
diff changeset
827 @vindex comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields
f89fc1421b53 Update references to shell prompts and comint-prompt-regexp, etc.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31310
diff changeset
828 @cindex prompt, shell
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
829 Shell mode recognizes history references when they follow a prompt.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
830 Normally, any text output by a program at the beginning of an input
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
831 line is considered a prompt. However, if the variable
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
832 @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields} is non-@code{nil},
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
833 then Comint mode uses a regular expression to recognize prompts. In
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
834 general, the variable @code{comint-prompt-regexp} specifies the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
835 regular expression; Shell mode uses the variable
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
836 @code{shell-prompt-pattern} to set up @code{comint-prompt-regexp} in
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
837 the shell buffer.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
838
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
839 @node Directory Tracking
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
840 @subsection Directory Tracking
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
841 @cindex directory tracking
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
842
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
843 @vindex shell-pushd-regexp
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
844 @vindex shell-popd-regexp
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
845 @vindex shell-cd-regexp
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
846 Shell mode keeps track of @samp{cd}, @samp{pushd} and @samp{popd}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
847 commands given to the inferior shell, so it can keep the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
848 @samp{*shell*} buffer's default directory the same as the shell's
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
849 working directory. It recognizes these commands syntactically, by
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
850 examining lines of input that are sent.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
852 If you use aliases for these commands, you can tell Emacs to
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
853 recognize them also. For example, if the value of the variable
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
854 @code{shell-pushd-regexp} matches the beginning of a shell command
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
855 line, that line is regarded as a @code{pushd} command. Change this
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
856 variable when you add aliases for @samp{pushd}. Likewise,
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
857 @code{shell-popd-regexp} and @code{shell-cd-regexp} are used to
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
858 recognize commands with the meaning of @samp{popd} and @samp{cd}.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
859 These commands are recognized only at the beginning of a shell command
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
860 line.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
862 @vindex shell-set-directory-error-hook
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
863 If Emacs gets an error while trying to handle what it believes is a
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
864 @samp{cd}, @samp{pushd} or @samp{popd} command, it runs the hook
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
865 @code{shell-set-directory-error-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}).
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
866
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
867 @findex dirs
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
868 If Emacs gets confused about changes in the current directory of the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
869 subshell, use the command @kbd{M-x dirs} to ask the shell what its
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
870 current directory is. This command works for shells that support the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
871 most common command syntax; it may not work for unusual shells.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
872
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
873 @findex dirtrack-mode
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
874 You can also use @kbd{M-x dirtrack-mode} to enable (or disable) an
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
875 alternative and more aggressive method of tracking changes in the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
876 current directory.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 @node Shell Options
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 @subsection Shell Mode Options
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 @vindex comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-input
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 If the variable @code{comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-input} is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 non-@code{nil}, insertion and yank commands scroll the selected window
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 to the bottom before inserting.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 @vindex comint-scroll-show-maximum-output
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 If @code{comint-scroll-show-maximum-output} is non-@code{nil}, then
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 scrolling due to arrival of output tries to place the last line of text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
889 at the bottom line of the window, so as to show as much useful text as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 possible. (This mimics the scrolling behavior of many terminals.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 The default is @code{nil}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 @vindex comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-output
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 By setting @code{comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-output}, you can opt for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 having point jump to the end of the buffer whenever output arrives---no
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 matter where in the buffer point was before. If the value is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 @code{this}, point jumps in the selected window. If the value is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @code{all}, point jumps in each window that shows the comint buffer. If
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 the value is @code{other}, point jumps in all nonselected windows that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 show the current buffer. The default value is @code{nil}, which means
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 point does not jump to the end.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 @vindex comint-input-ignoredups
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 The variable @code{comint-input-ignoredups} controls whether successive
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 identical inputs are stored in the input history. A non-@code{nil}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 value means to omit an input that is the same as the previous input.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 The default is @code{nil}, which means to store each input even if it is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 equal to the previous input.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 @vindex comint-completion-addsuffix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @vindex comint-completion-recexact
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 @vindex comint-completion-autolist
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 Three variables customize file name completion. The variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 @code{comint-completion-addsuffix} controls whether completion inserts a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 space or a slash to indicate a fully completed file or directory name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 (non-@code{nil} means do insert a space or slash).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 @code{comint-completion-recexact}, if non-@code{nil}, directs @key{TAB}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 to choose the shortest possible completion if the usual Emacs completion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 algorithm cannot add even a single character.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 @code{comint-completion-autolist}, if non-@code{nil}, says to list all
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 the possible completions whenever completion is not exact.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 @findex comint-dynamic-complete-variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 The command @code{comint-dynamic-complete-variable} does variable-name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 completion using the environment variables as set within Emacs. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 variables controlling file name completion apply to variable-name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 completion too. This command is normally available through the menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 bar.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 @vindex shell-command-execonly
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 Command completion normally considers only executable files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 If you set @code{shell-command-execonly} to @code{nil},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 it considers nonexecutable files as well.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @findex shell-pushd-tohome
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 @findex shell-pushd-dextract
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 @findex shell-pushd-dunique
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 You can configure the behavior of @samp{pushd}. Variables control
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 whether @samp{pushd} behaves like @samp{cd} if no argument is given
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 (@code{shell-pushd-tohome}), pop rather than rotate with a numeric
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 argument (@code{shell-pushd-dextract}), and only add directories to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 directory stack if they are not already on it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 (@code{shell-pushd-dunique}). The values you choose should match the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 underlying shell, of course.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
946 @node Terminal emulator
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
947 @subsection Emacs Terminal Emulator
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
948 @findex term
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
949
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
950 To run a subshell in a terminal emulator, putting its typescript in
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
951 an Emacs buffer, use @kbd{M-x term}. This creates (or reuses) a
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
952 buffer named @samp{*term*}, and runs a subshell with input coming from
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
953 your keyboard, and output going to that buffer.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
954
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
955 The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
956 line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode; see @ref{Shell Mode}.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
957
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
958 In char mode, each character is sent directly to the inferior
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
959 subshell, as ``terminal input.'' Any ``echoing'' of your input is the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
960 responsibility of the subshell. The sole exception is the terminal
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
961 escape character, which by default is @kbd{C-c} (@pxref{Term Mode}).
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
962 Any ``terminal output'' from the subshell goes into the buffer,
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
963 advancing point.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
964
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
965 Some programs (such as Emacs itself) need to control the appearance
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
966 on the terminal screen in detail. They do this by sending special
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
967 control codes. The exact control codes needed vary from terminal to
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
968 terminal, but nowadays most terminals and terminal emulators
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
969 (including @code{xterm}) understand the ANSI-standard (VT100-style)
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
970 escape sequences. Term mode recognizes these escape sequences, and
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
971 handles each one appropriately, changing the buffer so that the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
972 appearance of the window matches what it would be on a real terminal.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
973 You can actually run Emacs inside an Emacs Term window.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
974
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
975 The file name used to load the subshell is determined the same way
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
976 as for Shell mode. To make multiple terminal emulators, rename the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
977 buffer @samp{*term*} to something different using @kbd{M-x
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
978 rename-uniquely}, just as with Shell mode.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
979
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
980 Unlike Shell mode, Term mode does not track the current directory by
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
981 examining your input. But some shells can tell Term what the current
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
982 directory is. This is done automatically by @code{bash} version 1.15
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
983 and later.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
984
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
985 @node Term Mode
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
986 @subsection Term Mode
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
987 @cindex Term mode
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
988 @cindex mode, Term
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
989
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
990 The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
991 line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode; see @ref{Shell Mode}.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
992 In char mode, each character is sent directly to the inferior
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
993 subshell, except for the Term escape character, normally @kbd{C-c}.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
994
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
995 To switch between line and char mode, use these commands:
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
996
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
997 @table @kbd
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
998 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Term mode)}
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
999 @findex term-char-mode
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1000 @item C-c C-k
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1001 Switch to line mode. Do nothing if already in line mode.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1002
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1003 @kindex C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1004 @findex term-line-mode
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1005 @item C-c C-j
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1006 Switch to char mode. Do nothing if already in char mode.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1007 @end table
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1008
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1009 The following commands are only available in char mode:
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1010
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1011 @table @kbd
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1012 @item C-c C-c
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1013 Send a literal @key{C-c} to the sub-shell.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1014
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1015 @item C-c C-x
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1016 A prefix command to access the global @key{C-x} commands conveniently.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1017 For example, @kbd{C-c C-x o} invokes the global binding of
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1018 @kbd{C-x o}, which is normally @samp{other-window}.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1019 @end table
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1020
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1021 @node Paging in Term
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1022 @subsection Page-At-A-Time Output
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1023 @cindex page-at-a-time
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1024
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1025 Term mode has a page-at-a-time feature. When enabled it makes
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1026 output pause at the end of each screenful.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1027
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1028 @table @kbd
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1029 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(Term mode)}
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1030 @findex term-pager-toggle
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1031 @item C-c C-q
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1032 Toggle the page-at-a-time feature. This command works in both line
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1033 and char modes. When page-at-a-time is enabled, the mode-line
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1034 displays the word @samp{page}.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1035 @end table
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1036
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1037 With page-at-a-time enabled, whenever Term receives more than a
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1038 screenful of output since your last input, it pauses, displaying
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1039 @samp{**MORE**} in the mode-line. Type @key{SPC} to display the next
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1040 screenful of output. Type @kbd{?} to see your other options. The
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1041 interface is similar to the Unix @code{more} program.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1042
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 @node Remote Host
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 @subsection Remote Host Shell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 @cindex remote host
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 @cindex connecting to remote host
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 @cindex Telnet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 @cindex Rlogin
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1050 You can login to a remote computer, using whatever commands you
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1051 would from a regular terminal (e.g.@: using the @code{telnet} or
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1052 @code{rlogin} commands), from a Term window.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1053
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1054 A program that asks you for a password will normally suppress
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1055 echoing of the password, so the password will not show up in the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1056 buffer. This will happen just as if you were using a real terminal,
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1057 if the buffer is in char mode. If it is in line mode, the password is
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1058 temporarily visible, but will be erased when you hit return. (This
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1059 happens automatically; there is no special password processing.)
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1060
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1061 When you log in to a different machine, you need to specify the type
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1062 of terminal your using. Terminal types @samp{ansi} or @samp{vt100}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1063 will work on most systems.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1064
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1065 @c If you are talking to a Bourne-compatible
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1066 @c shell, and your system understands the @env{TERMCAP} variable,
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1067 @c you can use the command @kbd{M-x shell-send-termcap}, which
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1068 @c sends a string specifying the terminal type and size.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1069 @c (This command is also useful after the window has changed size.)
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1070
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1071 @c You can of course run @samp{gdb} on that remote computer. One useful
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1072 @c trick: If you invoke gdb with the @code{--fullname} option,
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1073 @c it will send special commands to Emacs that will cause Emacs to
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1074 @c pop up the source files you're debugging. This will work
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1075 @c whether or not gdb is running on a different computer than Emacs,
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1076 @c as long as Emacs can access the source files specified by gdb.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1077
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1078 @ignore
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1079 You cannot log into to a remote computer using the Shell mode.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1080 @c (This will change when Shell is re-written to use Term.)
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1081 Instead, Emacs provides two commands for logging in to another computer
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1082 and communicating with it through an Emacs buffer using Comint mode:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 @item M-x telnet @key{RET} @var{hostname} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 Set up a Telnet connection to the computer named @var{hostname}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 @item M-x rlogin @key{RET} @var{hostname} @key{RET}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 Set up an Rlogin connection to the computer named @var{hostname}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 @findex telnet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 Use @kbd{M-x telnet} to set up a Telnet connection to another
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 computer. (Telnet is the standard Internet protocol for remote login.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 It reads the host name of the other computer as an argument with the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 minibuffer. Once the connection is established, talking to the other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 computer works like talking to a subshell: you can edit input with the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 usual Emacs commands, and send it a line at a time by typing @key{RET}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098 The output is inserted in the Telnet buffer interspersed with the input.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 @findex rlogin
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 @vindex rlogin-explicit-args
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 Use @kbd{M-x rlogin} to set up an Rlogin connection. Rlogin is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 another remote login communication protocol, essentially much like the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 Telnet protocol but incompatible with it, and supported only by certain
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 systems. Rlogin's advantages are that you can arrange not to have to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 give your user name and password when communicating between two machines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 you frequently use, and that you can make an 8-bit-clean connection.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 (To do that in Emacs, set @code{rlogin-explicit-args} to @code{("-8")}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 before you run Rlogin.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 @kbd{M-x rlogin} sets up the default file directory of the Emacs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1112 buffer to access the remote host via FTP (@pxref{File Names}), and it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 tracks the shell commands that change the current directory, just like
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114 Shell mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 @findex rlogin-directory-tracking-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 There are two ways of doing directory tracking in an Rlogin
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118 buffer---either with remote directory names
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 @file{/@var{host}:@var{dir}/} or with local names (that works if the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 ``remote'' machine shares file systems with your machine of origin).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 You can use the command @code{rlogin-directory-tracking-mode} to switch
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 modes. No argument means use remote directory names, a positive
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 argument means use local names, and a negative argument means turn
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 off directory tracking.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1126 @end ignore
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1127
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 @node Emacs Server, Hardcopy, Shell, Top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 @section Using Emacs as a Server
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 @pindex emacsclient
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 @cindex Emacs as a server
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 @cindex server, using Emacs as
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1133 @cindex @env{EDITOR} environment variable
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 Various programs such as @code{mail} can invoke your choice of editor
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 to edit a particular piece of text, such as a message that you are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 sending. By convention, most of these programs use the environment
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1138 variable @env{EDITOR} to specify which editor to run. If you set
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1139 @env{EDITOR} to @samp{emacs}, they invoke Emacs---but in an
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 inconvenient fashion, by starting a new, separate Emacs process. This
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 is inconvenient because it takes time and because the new Emacs process
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 doesn't share the buffers in the existing Emacs process.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 You can arrange to use your existing Emacs process as the editor for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 programs like @code{mail} by using the Emacs client and Emacs server
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146 programs. Here is how.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1148 @cindex @env{TEXEDIT} environment variable
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 First, the preparation. Within Emacs, call the function
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 @code{server-start}. (Your @file{.emacs} file can do this automatically
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 if you add the expression @code{(server-start)} to it.) Then, outside
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1152 Emacs, set the @env{EDITOR} environment variable to @samp{emacsclient}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 (Note that some programs use a different environment variable; for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 example, to make @TeX{} use @samp{emacsclient}, you should set the
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1155 @env{TEXEDIT} environment variable to @samp{emacsclient +%d %s}.)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 @kindex C-x #
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 @findex server-edit
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1159 Then, whenever any program invokes your specified @env{EDITOR}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 program, the effect is to send a message to your principal Emacs telling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 it to visit a file. (That's what the program @code{emacsclient} does.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 Emacs displays the buffer immediately and you can immediately begin
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 editing it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 When you've finished editing that buffer, type @kbd{C-x #}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 (@code{server-edit}). This saves the file and sends a message back to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 the @code{emacsclient} program telling it to exit. The programs that
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 29083
diff changeset
1168 use @env{EDITOR} wait for the ``editor'' (actually, @code{emacsclient})
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 to exit. @kbd{C-x #} also checks for other pending external requests
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 to edit various files, and selects the next such file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172 You can switch to a server buffer manually if you wish; you don't have
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 to arrive at it with @kbd{C-x #}. But @kbd{C-x #} is the only way to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 say that you are ``finished'' with one.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1176 @vindex server-kill-new-buffers
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1177 @vindex server-temp-file-regexp
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1178 Finishing with a server buffer also kills the buffer, unless it
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1179 already existed in the Emacs session before the server asked to create
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1180 it. However, if you set @code{server-kill-new-buffers} to @code{nil},
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1181 then a different criterion is used: finishing with a server buffer
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1182 kills it if the file name matches the regular expression
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1183 @code{server-temp-file-regexp}. This is set up to distinguish certain
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1184 ``temporary'' files.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1185
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 @vindex server-window
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 If you set the variable @code{server-window} to a window or a frame,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 @kbd{C-x #} displays the server buffer in that window or in that frame.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 While @code{mail} or another application is waiting for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 @code{emacsclient} to finish, @code{emacsclient} does not read terminal
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 input. So the terminal that @code{mail} was using is effectively
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 blocked for the duration. In order to edit with your principal Emacs,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 you need to be able to use it without using that terminal. There are
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1195 three ways to do this:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 @itemize @bullet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 @item
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 Using a window system, run @code{mail} and the principal Emacs in two
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 separate windows. While @code{mail} is waiting for @code{emacsclient},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 the window where it was running is blocked, but you can use Emacs by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 switching windows.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 @item
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1205 Using virtual terminals, run @code{mail} in one virtual terminal
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1206 and run Emacs in another.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1207
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1208 @item
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1209 Use Shell mode or Term mode in Emacs to run the other program such as
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1210 @code{mail}; then, @code{emacsclient} blocks only the subshell under
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1211 Emacs, and you can still use Emacs to edit the file.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 @end itemize
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214 If you run @code{emacsclient} with the option @samp{--no-wait}, it
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1215 returns immediately without waiting for you to ``finish'' the buffer
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1216 in Emacs. Note that server buffers created in this way are not killed
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1217 automatically when you finish with them.
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1218
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 @menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 * Invoking emacsclient::
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 @end menu
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 @node Invoking emacsclient,, Emacs Server, Emacs Server
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 @section Invoking @code{emacsclient}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 To run the @code{emacsclient} program, specify file names as arguments,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 and optionally line numbers as well. Do it like this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 emacsclient @r{@{}@r{[}+@var{line}@r{]} @var{filename}@r{@}}@dots{}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1233 @noindent
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 This tells Emacs to visit each of the specified files; if you specify a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 line number for a certain file, Emacs moves to that line in the file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1237 Ordinarily, @code{emacsclient} does not return until you use the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1238 @kbd{C-x #} command on each of these buffers. When that happens,
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1239 Emacs sends a message to the @code{emacsclient} program telling it to
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1240 return.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1241
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1242 But if you use the option @samp{-n} or @samp{--no-wait} when running
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1243 @code{emacsclient}, then it returns immediately. (You can take as
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1244 long as you like to edit the files in Emacs.)
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1246 The option @samp{--alternate-editor=@var{command}} is useful when
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1247 running @code{emacsclient} in a script. It specifies a command to run
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1248 if @code{emacsclient} fails to contact Emacs. For example, the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1249 following setting for the @var{EDITOR} environment variable will
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1250 always give an editor, even if Emacs is not running:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1252 @example
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1253 EDITOR="emacsclient --alternate-editor vi +%d %s"
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1254 @end example
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1255
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1256 @noindent
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1257 The environment variable @var{ALTERNATE_EDITOR} has the same effect, but
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1258 the value of the @samp{--alternate-editor} takes precedence.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1259
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1260 @pindex emacs.bash
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1261 Alternatively, the file @file{etc/emacs.bash} defines a bash
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1262 function which will communicate with a running Emacs server, or start
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1263 one if none exists.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1265 @node Hardcopy, PostScript, Emacs Server, Top
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 @section Hardcopy Output
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 @cindex hardcopy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 The Emacs commands for making hardcopy let you print either an entire
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 buffer or just part of one, either with or without page headers.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 See also the hardcopy commands of Dired (@pxref{Misc File Ops})
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 and the diary (@pxref{Diary Commands}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 @item M-x print-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 Print hardcopy of current buffer with page headings containing the file
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 name and page number.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 @item M-x lpr-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 Print hardcopy of current buffer without page headings.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @item M-x print-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 Like @code{print-buffer} but print only the current region.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 @item M-x lpr-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 Like @code{lpr-buffer} but print only the current region.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 @findex print-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 @findex print-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 @findex lpr-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 @findex lpr-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 @vindex lpr-switches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 The hardcopy commands (aside from the Postscript commands) pass extra
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 switches to the @code{lpr} program based on the value of the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 @code{lpr-switches}. Its value should be a list of strings, each string
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 an option starting with @samp{-}. For example, to specify a line width
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 of 80 columns for all the printing you do in Emacs, set
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 @code{lpr-switches} like this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 (setq lpr-switches '("-w80"))
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 @vindex printer-name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 You can specify the printer to use by setting the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 @code{printer-name}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 @vindex lpr-headers-switches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 @vindex lpr-commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 @vindex lpr-add-switches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 The variable @code{lpr-command} specifies the name of the printer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 program to run; the default value depends on your operating system type.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 On most systems, the default is @code{"lpr"}. The variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 @code{lpr-headers-switches} similarly specifies the extra switches to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 use to make page headers. The variable @code{lpr-add-switches} controls
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 whether to supply @samp{-T} and @samp{-J} options (suitable for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 @code{lpr}) to the printer program: @code{nil} means don't add them.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316 @code{lpr-add-switches} should be @code{nil} if your printer program is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 not compatible with @code{lpr}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1319 @node PostScript, PostScript Variables, Hardcopy, Top
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1320 @section PostScript Hardcopy
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1322 These commands convert buffer contents to PostScript,
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 either printing it or leaving it in another Emacs buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 @item M-x ps-print-buffer
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1327 Print hardcopy of the current buffer in PostScript form.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 @item M-x ps-print-region
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1329 Print hardcopy of the current region in PostScript form.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 @item M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1331 Print hardcopy of the current buffer in PostScript form, showing the
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1332 faces used in the text by means of PostScript features.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 @item M-x ps-print-region-with-faces
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1334 Print hardcopy of the current region in PostScript form, showing the
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 faces used in the text.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 @item M-x ps-spool-buffer
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1337 Generate PostScript for the current buffer text.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 @item M-x ps-spool-region
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1339 Generate PostScript for the current region.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 @item M-x ps-spool-buffer-with-faces
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1341 Generate PostScript for the current buffer, showing the faces used.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 @item M-x ps-spool-region-with-faces
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1343 Generate PostScript for the current region, showing the faces used.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1344 @item M-x handwrite
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1345 Generates/prints PostScript for the current buffer as if handwritten.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 @findex ps-print-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 @findex ps-print-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350 @findex ps-print-region-with-faces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 @findex ps-print-buffer-with-faces
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1352 The PostScript commands, @code{ps-print-buffer} and
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1353 @code{ps-print-region}, print buffer contents in PostScript form. One
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 command prints the entire buffer; the other, just the region. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 corresponding @samp{-with-faces} commands,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356 @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} and @code{ps-print-region-with-faces},
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1357 use PostScript features to show the faces (fonts and colors) in the text
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 properties of the text being printed.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 If you are using a color display, you can print a buffer of program
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361 code with color highlighting by turning on Font-Lock mode in that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 buffer, and using @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 @findex ps-spool-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 @findex ps-spool-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 @findex ps-spool-region-with-faces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 @findex ps-spool-buffer-with-faces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 The commands whose names have @samp{spool} instead of @samp{print}
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1369 generate the PostScript output in an Emacs buffer instead of sending
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 it to the printer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1372 @findex handwrite
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1373 @cindex handwriting
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1374 @kbd{M-x handwrite} is more frivolous. It generates a PostScript
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1375 rendition of the current buffer as a cursive handwritten document. It
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1376 can be customized in group @code{handwrite}.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1377
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378 @ifinfo
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379 The following section describes variables for customizing these commands.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @end ifinfo
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1382 @node PostScript Variables, Sorting, PostScript, Top
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1383 @section Variables for PostScript Hardcopy
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 @vindex ps-lpr-command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 @vindex ps-lpr-switches
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 @vindex ps-printer-name
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1388 All the PostScript hardcopy commands use the variables
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 @code{ps-lpr-command} and @code{ps-lpr-switches} to specify how to print
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 the output. @code{ps-lpr-command} specifies the command name to run,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391 @code{ps-lpr-switches} specifies command line options to use, and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 @code{ps-printer-name} specifies the printer. If you don't set the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 first two variables yourself, they take their initial values from
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 @code{lpr-command} and @code{lpr-switches}. If @code{ps-printer-name}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 is @code{nil}, @code{printer-name} is used.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 @vindex ps-print-header
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 The variable @code{ps-print-header} controls whether these commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399 add header lines to each page---set it to @code{nil} to turn headers
35648
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1400 off.
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1401
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1402 @cindex color emulation on black-and-white printers
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1403 @vindex ps-print-color-p
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1404 If your printer doesn't support colors, you should turn off color
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1405 processing by setting @code{ps-print-color-p} to @code{nil}. By
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1406 default, if the display supports colors, Emacs produces hardcopy output
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1407 with color information; on black-and-white printers, colors are emulated
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1408 with shades of gray. This might produce illegible output, even if your
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1409 screen colors only use shades of gray.
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1410
fd06a4e20d87 (PostScript Variables): Extend the documentation of ps-print-color-p.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33382
diff changeset
1411 @vindex ps-use-face-background
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1412 By default, PostScript printing ignores the background colors of the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1413 faces, unless the variable @code{ps-use-face-background} is
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1414 non-@code{nil}. This is to avoid unwanted interference with the zebra
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1415 stripes and background image/text.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 @vindex ps-paper-type
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 @vindex ps-page-dimensions-database
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 The variable @code{ps-paper-type} specifies which size of paper to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 format for; legitimate values include @code{a4}, @code{a3},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 @code{a4small}, @code{b4}, @code{b5}, @code{executive}, @code{ledger},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 @code{legal}, @code{letter}, @code{letter-small}, @code{statement},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 @code{tabloid}. The default is @code{letter}. You can define
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 additional paper sizes by changing the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 @code{ps-page-dimensions-database}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427 @vindex ps-landscape-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428 The variable @code{ps-landscape-mode} specifies the orientation of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 printing on the page. The default is @code{nil}, which stands for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 ``portrait'' mode. Any non-@code{nil} value specifies ``landscape''
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 @vindex ps-number-of-columns
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 The variable @code{ps-number-of-columns} specifies the number of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 columns; it takes effect in both landscape and portrait mode. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 default is 1.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 @vindex ps-font-family
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 @vindex ps-font-size
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 @vindex ps-font-info-database
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 The variable @code{ps-font-family} specifies which font family to use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 for printing ordinary text. Legitimate values include @code{Courier},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 @code{Helvetica}, @code{NewCenturySchlbk}, @code{Palatino} and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 @code{Times}. The variable @code{ps-font-size} specifies the size of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 the font for ordinary text. It defaults to 8.5 points.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446
37018
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1447 @vindex ps-multibyte-buffer
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1448 @cindex Intlfonts for PostScript printing
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1449 @cindex fonts for PostScript printing
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1450 Emacs supports more scripts and characters than a typical PostScript
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1451 printer. Thus, some of the characters in your buffer might not be
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1452 printable using the fonts built into your printer. You can augment
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1453 the fonts supplied with the printer with those from the GNU Intlfonts
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1454 package, or you can instruct Emacs to use Intlfonts exclusively. The
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1455 variable @code{ps-multibyte-buffer} controls this: the default value,
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1456 @code{nil}, is appropriate for printing @sc{ascii} and Latin-1
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1457 characters; a value of @code{non-latin-printer} is for printers which
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1458 have the fonts for @sc{ascii}, Latin-1, Japanese, and Korean
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1459 characters built into them. A value of @code{bdf-font} arranges for
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1460 the BDF fonts from the Intlfonts package to be used for @emph{all}
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1461 characters. Finally, a value of @code{bdf-font-except-latin}
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1462 instructs the printer to use built-in fonts for @sc{ascii} and Latin-1
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1463 characters, and Intlfonts BDF fonts for the rest.
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1464
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1465 @vindex bdf-directory-list
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1466 To be able to use the BDF fonts, Emacs should know where to find
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1467 them. The variable @code{bdf-directory-list} holds the list of
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1468 directories where Emacs should look for the fonts; the default value
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1469 includes a single directory @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/fonts/bdf}.
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1470
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 Many other customization variables for these commands are defined and
37018
6883b349cfd6 (PostScript Variables): Explain how to set up use of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
1472 described in the Lisp files @file{ps-print.el} and @file{ps-mule.el}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1474 @node Sorting, Narrowing, PostScript Variables, Top
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 @section Sorting Text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 @cindex sorting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 Emacs provides several commands for sorting text in the buffer. All
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 operate on the contents of the region (the text between point and the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 mark). They divide the text of the region into many @dfn{sort records},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 identify a @dfn{sort key} for each record, and then reorder the records
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 into the order determined by the sort keys. The records are ordered so
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 that their keys are in alphabetical order, or, for numeric sorting, in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 numeric order. In alphabetic sorting, all upper-case letters `A' through
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 `Z' come before lower-case `a', in accord with the ASCII character
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 sequence.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 The various sort commands differ in how they divide the text into sort
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 records and in which part of each record is used as the sort key. Most of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 the commands make each line a separate sort record, but some commands use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491 paragraphs or pages as sort records. Most of the sort commands use each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 entire sort record as its own sort key, but some use only a portion of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 record as the sort key.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495 @findex sort-lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 @findex sort-paragraphs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 @findex sort-pages
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1498 @findex sort-fields
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 @findex sort-numeric-fields
27469
98f24cb3efa5 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27306
diff changeset
1500 @vindex sort-numeric-base
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502 @item M-x sort-lines
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1503 Divide the region into lines, and sort by comparing the entire
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 text of a line. A numeric argument means sort into descending order.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1506 @item M-x sort-paragraphs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 Divide the region into paragraphs, and sort by comparing the entire
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 text of a paragraph (except for leading blank lines). A numeric
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509 argument means sort into descending order.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1510
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 @item M-x sort-pages
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512 Divide the region into pages, and sort by comparing the entire
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513 text of a page (except for leading blank lines). A numeric
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1514 argument means sort into descending order.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1515
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516 @item M-x sort-fields
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1517 Divide the region into lines, and sort by comparing the contents of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1518 one field in each line. Fields are defined as separated by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1519 whitespace, so the first run of consecutive non-whitespace characters
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1520 in a line constitutes field 1, the second such run constitutes field
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1521 2, etc.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1522
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 Specify which field to sort by with a numeric argument: 1 to sort by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1524 field 1, etc. A negative argument means count fields from the right
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 instead of from the left; thus, minus 1 means sort by the last field.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526 If several lines have identical contents in the field being sorted, they
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 keep same relative order that they had in the original buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 @item M-x sort-numeric-fields
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530 Like @kbd{M-x sort-fields} except the specified field is converted
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1531 to an integer for each line, and the numbers are compared. @samp{10}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1532 comes before @samp{2} when considered as text, but after it when
27469
98f24cb3efa5 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27306
diff changeset
1533 considered as a number. By default, numbers are interpreted according
98f24cb3efa5 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27306
diff changeset
1534 to @code{sort-numeric-base}, but numbers beginning with @samp{0x} or
98f24cb3efa5 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 27306
diff changeset
1535 @samp{0} are interpreted as hexadecimal and octal, respectively.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1536
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1537 @item M-x sort-columns
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1538 Like @kbd{M-x sort-fields} except that the text within each line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1539 used for comparison comes from a fixed range of columns. See below
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1540 for an explanation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1541
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1542 @item M-x reverse-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543 Reverse the order of the lines in the region. This is useful for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1544 sorting into descending order by fields or columns, since those sort
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1545 commands do not have a feature for doing that.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1547
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1548 For example, if the buffer contains this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1549
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1550 @smallexample
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1551 On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1552 implemented, Emacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1554 saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1555 the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1556 @end smallexample
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1557
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1558 @noindent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1559 applying @kbd{M-x sort-lines} to the entire buffer produces this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1561 @smallexample
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1562 On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1563 implemented, Emacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1564 saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1565 the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1566 whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1567 @end smallexample
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1568
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1569 @noindent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1570 where the upper-case @samp{O} sorts before all lower-case letters. If
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1571 you use @kbd{C-u 2 M-x sort-fields} instead, you get this:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1572
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1573 @smallexample
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1574 implemented, Emacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1575 saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1576 the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1577 On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1578 whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1579 @end smallexample
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1580
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1581 @noindent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1582 where the sort keys were @samp{Emacs}, @samp{If}, @samp{buffer},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1583 @samp{systems} and @samp{the}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1584
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1585 @findex sort-columns
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1586 @kbd{M-x sort-columns} requires more explanation. You specify the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1587 columns by putting point at one of the columns and the mark at the other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1588 column. Because this means you cannot put point or the mark at the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1589 beginning of the first line of the text you want to sort, this command
36185
62cf166239f3 Change in quoting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36168
diff changeset
1590 uses an unusual definition of ``region'': all of the line point is in is
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591 considered part of the region, and so is all of the line the mark is in,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592 as well as all the lines in between.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594 For example, to sort a table by information found in columns 10 to 15,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595 you could put the mark on column 10 in the first line of the table, and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1596 point on column 15 in the last line of the table, and then run
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1597 @code{sort-columns}. Equivalently, you could run it with the mark on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598 column 15 in the first line and point on column 10 in the last line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1600 This can be thought of as sorting the rectangle specified by point and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1601 the mark, except that the text on each line to the left or right of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1602 rectangle moves along with the text inside the rectangle.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603 @xref{Rectangles}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605 @vindex sort-fold-case
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 Many of the sort commands ignore case differences when comparing, if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 @code{sort-fold-case} is non-@code{nil}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609 @node Narrowing, Two-Column, Sorting, Top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1610 @section Narrowing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611 @cindex widening
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1612 @cindex restriction
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1613 @cindex narrowing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1614 @cindex accessible portion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 @dfn{Narrowing} means focusing in on some portion of the buffer,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1617 making the rest temporarily inaccessible. The portion which you can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1618 still get to is called the @dfn{accessible portion}. Canceling the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1619 narrowing, which makes the entire buffer once again accessible, is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1620 called @dfn{widening}. The amount of narrowing in effect in a buffer at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1621 any time is called the buffer's @dfn{restriction}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1622
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1623 Narrowing can make it easier to concentrate on a single subroutine or
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1624 paragraph by eliminating clutter. It can also be used to restrict the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1625 range of operation of a replace command or repeating keyboard macro.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1626
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1627 @c WideCommands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1628 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1629 @item C-x n n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1630 Narrow down to between point and mark (@code{narrow-to-region}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1631 @item C-x n w
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1632 Widen to make the entire buffer accessible again (@code{widen}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1633 @item C-x n p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1634 Narrow down to the current page (@code{narrow-to-page}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1635 @item C-x n d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1636 Narrow down to the current defun (@code{narrow-to-defun}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1637 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1638
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1639 When you have narrowed down to a part of the buffer, that part appears
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1640 to be all there is. You can't see the rest, you can't move into it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1641 (motion commands won't go outside the accessible part), you can't change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1642 it in any way. However, it is not gone, and if you save the file all
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1643 the inaccessible text will be saved. The word @samp{Narrow} appears in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1644 the mode line whenever narrowing is in effect.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1645
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1646 @kindex C-x n n
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1647 @findex narrow-to-region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1648 The primary narrowing command is @kbd{C-x n n} (@code{narrow-to-region}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1649 It sets the current buffer's restrictions so that the text in the current
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1650 region remains accessible but all text before the region or after the region
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1651 is inaccessible. Point and mark do not change.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1652
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1653 @kindex C-x n p
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1654 @findex narrow-to-page
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1655 @kindex C-x n d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1656 @findex narrow-to-defun
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1657 Alternatively, use @kbd{C-x n p} (@code{narrow-to-page}) to narrow
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1658 down to the current page. @xref{Pages}, for the definition of a page.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1659 @kbd{C-x n d} (@code{narrow-to-defun}) narrows down to the defun
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1660 containing point (@pxref{Defuns}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1661
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1662 @kindex C-x n w
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1663 @findex widen
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1664 The way to cancel narrowing is to widen with @kbd{C-x n w}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1665 (@code{widen}). This makes all text in the buffer accessible again.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1666
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1667 You can get information on what part of the buffer you are narrowed down
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 to using the @kbd{C-x =} command. @xref{Position Info}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1669
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1670 Because narrowing can easily confuse users who do not understand it,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1671 @code{narrow-to-region} is normally a disabled command. Attempting to use
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1672 this command asks for confirmation and gives you the option of enabling it;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1673 if you enable the command, confirmation will no longer be required for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1674 it. @xref{Disabling}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1675
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1676 @node Two-Column, Editing Binary Files, Narrowing, Top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1677 @section Two-Column Editing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1678 @cindex two-column editing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1679 @cindex splitting columns
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1680 @cindex columns, splitting
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1681
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1682 Two-column mode lets you conveniently edit two side-by-side columns of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1683 text. It uses two side-by-side windows, each showing its own
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1684 buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1685
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1686 There are three ways to enter two-column mode:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1687
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1688 @table @asis
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1689 @item @kbd{@key{F2} 2} or @kbd{C-x 6 2}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1690 @kindex F2 2
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1691 @kindex C-x 6 2
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1692 @findex 2C-two-columns
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1693 Enter two-column mode with the current buffer on the left, and on the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1694 right, a buffer whose name is based on the current buffer's name
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 (@code{2C-two-columns}). If the right-hand buffer doesn't already
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1696 exist, it starts out empty; the current buffer's contents are not
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1697 changed.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1698
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1699 This command is appropriate when the current buffer is empty or contains
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1700 just one column and you want to add another column.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1701
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1702 @item @kbd{@key{F2} s} or @kbd{C-x 6 s}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1703 @kindex F2 s
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1704 @kindex C-x 6 s
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1705 @findex 2C-split
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1706 Split the current buffer, which contains two-column text, into two
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1707 buffers, and display them side by side (@code{2C-split}). The current
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1708 buffer becomes the left-hand buffer, but the text in the right-hand
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1709 column is moved into the right-hand buffer. The current column
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 specifies the split point. Splitting starts with the current line and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1711 continues to the end of the buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1712
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1713 This command is appropriate when you have a buffer that already contains
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1714 two-column text, and you wish to separate the columns temporarily.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1715
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1716 @item @kbd{@key{F2} b @var{buffer} @key{RET}}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1717 @itemx @kbd{C-x 6 b @var{buffer} @key{RET}}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1718 @kindex F2 b
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1719 @kindex C-x 6 b
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1720 @findex 2C-associate-buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1721 Enter two-column mode using the current buffer as the left-hand buffer,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1722 and using buffer @var{buffer} as the right-hand buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1723 (@code{2C-associate-buffer}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1724 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1725
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1726 @kbd{@key{F2} s} or @kbd{C-x 6 s} looks for a column separator, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1727 is a string that appears on each line between the two columns. You can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1728 specify the width of the separator with a numeric argument to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1729 @kbd{@key{F2} s}; that many characters, before point, constitute the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1730 separator string. By default, the width is 1, so the column separator
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1731 is the character before point.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1732
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1733 When a line has the separator at the proper place, @kbd{@key{F2} s}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1734 puts the text after the separator into the right-hand buffer, and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1735 deletes the separator. Lines that don't have the column separator at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1736 the proper place remain unsplit; they stay in the left-hand buffer, and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1737 the right-hand buffer gets an empty line to correspond. (This is the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1738 way to write a line that ``spans both columns while in two-column
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1739 mode'': write it in the left-hand buffer, and put an empty line in the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1740 right-hand buffer.)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1741
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1742 @kindex F2 RET
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1743 @kindex C-x 6 RET
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1744 @findex 2C-newline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1745 The command @kbd{C-x 6 @key{RET}} or @kbd{@key{F2} @key{RET}}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1746 (@code{2C-newline}) inserts a newline in each of the two buffers at
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1747 corresponding positions. This is the easiest way to add a new line to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1748 the two-column text while editing it in split buffers.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1749
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1750 @kindex F2 1
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1751 @kindex C-x 6 1
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1752 @findex 2C-merge
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1753 When you have edited both buffers as you wish, merge them with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1754 @kbd{@key{F2} 1} or @kbd{C-x 6 1} (@code{2C-merge}). This copies the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1755 text from the right-hand buffer as a second column in the other buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1756 To go back to two-column editing, use @kbd{@key{F2} s}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1757
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1758 @kindex F2 d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1759 @kindex C-x 6 d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1760 @findex 2C-dissociate
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1761 Use @kbd{@key{F2} d} or @kbd{C-x 6 d} to dissociate the two buffers,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1762 leaving each as it stands (@code{2C-dissociate}). If the other buffer,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1763 the one not current when you type @kbd{@key{F2} d}, is empty,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1764 @kbd{@key{F2} d} kills it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1765
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1766 @node Editing Binary Files, Saving Emacs Sessions, Two-Column, Top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1767 @section Editing Binary Files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1768
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1769 @cindex Hexl mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1770 @cindex mode, Hexl
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1771 @cindex editing binary files
31029
29d46c0c8156 Update the Hexl node.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30862
diff changeset
1772 @cindex hex editing
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1773 There is a special major mode for editing binary files: Hexl mode. To
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1774 use it, use @kbd{M-x hexl-find-file} instead of @kbd{C-x C-f} to visit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1775 the file. This command converts the file's contents to hexadecimal and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1776 lets you edit the translation. When you save the file, it is converted
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1777 automatically back to binary.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1778
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1779 You can also use @kbd{M-x hexl-mode} to translate an existing buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1780 into hex. This is useful if you visit a file normally and then discover
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1781 it is a binary file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1782
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1783 Ordinary text characters overwrite in Hexl mode. This is to reduce
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1784 the risk of accidentally spoiling the alignment of data in the file.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1785 There are special commands for insertion. Here is a list of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1786 commands of Hexl mode:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1787
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1788 @c I don't think individual index entries for these commands are useful--RMS.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1789 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1790 @item C-M-d
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1791 Insert a byte with a code typed in decimal.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1792
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1793 @item C-M-o
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1794 Insert a byte with a code typed in octal.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1795
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1796 @item C-M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1797 Insert a byte with a code typed in hex.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1798
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1799 @item C-x [
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1800 Move to the beginning of a 1k-byte ``page.''
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1801
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1802 @item C-x ]
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1803 Move to the end of a 1k-byte ``page.''
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1804
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1805 @item M-g
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1806 Move to an address specified in hex.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1807
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1808 @item M-j
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1809 Move to an address specified in decimal.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1810
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1811 @item C-c C-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1812 Leave Hexl mode, going back to the major mode this buffer had before you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1813 invoked @code{hexl-mode}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1814 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1815
31029
29d46c0c8156 Update the Hexl node.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30862
diff changeset
1816 @noindent
29d46c0c8156 Update the Hexl node.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30862
diff changeset
1817 Other Hexl commands let you insert strings (sequences) of binary bytes,
29d46c0c8156 Update the Hexl node.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30862
diff changeset
1818 move by short's or int's, etc.; type @kbd{C-h a hexl- RET} for details.
29d46c0c8156 Update the Hexl node.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30862
diff changeset
1819
29d46c0c8156 Update the Hexl node.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30862
diff changeset
1820
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1821 @node Saving Emacs Sessions, Recursive Edit, Editing Binary Files, Top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1822 @section Saving Emacs Sessions
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1823 @cindex saving sessions
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1824 @cindex desktop
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1825
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1826 You can use the Desktop library to save the state of Emacs from one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1827 session to another. Saving the state means that Emacs starts up with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1828 the same set of buffers, major modes, buffer positions, and so on that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1829 the previous Emacs session had.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1830
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1831 @vindex desktop-enable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1832 To use Desktop, you should use the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1833 Customization}) to set @code{desktop-enable} to a non-@code{nil} value,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1834 or add these lines at the end of your @file{.emacs} file:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1835
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1836 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1837 (desktop-load-default)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1838 (desktop-read)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1839 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1840
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1841 @noindent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1842 @findex desktop-save
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1843 The first time you save the state of the Emacs session, you must do it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1844 manually, with the command @kbd{M-x desktop-save}. Once you have done
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1845 that, exiting Emacs will save the state again---not only the present
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1846 Emacs session, but also subsequent sessions. You can also save the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1847 state at any time, without exiting Emacs, by typing @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1848 desktop-save} again.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1849
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1850 In order for Emacs to recover the state from a previous session, you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1851 must start it with the same current directory as you used when you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1852 started the previous session. This is because @code{desktop-read} looks
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1853 in the current directory for the file to read. This means that you can
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1854 have separate saved sessions in different directories; the directory in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1855 which you start Emacs will control which saved session to use.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1856
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1857 @vindex desktop-files-not-to-save
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1858 The variable @code{desktop-files-not-to-save} controls which files are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1859 excluded from state saving. Its value is a regular expression that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1860 matches the files to exclude. By default, remote (ftp-accessed) files
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1861 are excluded; this is because visiting them again in the subsequent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1862 session would be slow. If you want to include these files in state
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1863 saving, set @code{desktop-files-not-to-save} to @code{"^$"}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1864 @xref{Remote Files}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1865
29083
17c7b5770672 Saveplace
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28448
diff changeset
1866 @vindex save-place
17c7b5770672 Saveplace
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28448
diff changeset
1867 @cindex Saveplace
17c7b5770672 Saveplace
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28448
diff changeset
1868 @findex toggle-save-place
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1869 The Saveplace library provides a simpler feature that records your
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1870 position in each file when you kill its buffer (or kill Emacs), and
29083
17c7b5770672 Saveplace
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28448
diff changeset
1871 jumps to the same position when you visit the file again (even in
31310
de65b6a12166 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31188
diff changeset
1872 another Emacs session). Use @kbd{M-x toggle-save-place} to turn on
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1873 place-saving in a given file. Customize the option @code{save-place}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1874 to turn it on for all files in each session.
29083
17c7b5770672 Saveplace
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28448
diff changeset
1875
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1876 @node Recursive Edit, Emulation, Saving Emacs Sessions, Top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1877 @section Recursive Editing Levels
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1878 @cindex recursive editing level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1879 @cindex editing level, recursive
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1880
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1881 A @dfn{recursive edit} is a situation in which you are using Emacs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1882 commands to perform arbitrary editing while in the middle of another
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1883 Emacs command. For example, when you type @kbd{C-r} inside of a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1884 @code{query-replace}, you enter a recursive edit in which you can change
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1885 the current buffer. On exiting from the recursive edit, you go back to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1886 the @code{query-replace}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1887
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1888 @kindex C-M-c
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1889 @findex exit-recursive-edit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1890 @cindex exiting recursive edit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 @dfn{Exiting} the recursive edit means returning to the unfinished
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1892 command, which continues execution. The command to exit is @kbd{C-M-c}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1893 (@code{exit-recursive-edit}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1894
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1895 You can also @dfn{abort} the recursive edit. This is like exiting,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1896 but also quits the unfinished command immediately. Use the command
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1897 @kbd{C-]} (@code{abort-recursive-edit}) to do this. @xref{Quitting}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1898
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1899 The mode line shows you when you are in a recursive edit by displaying
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1900 square brackets around the parentheses that always surround the major and
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1901 minor mode names. Every window's mode line shows this, in the same way,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1902 since being in a recursive edit is true of Emacs as a whole rather than
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1903 any particular window or buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1905 It is possible to be in recursive edits within recursive edits. For
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1906 example, after typing @kbd{C-r} in a @code{query-replace}, you may type a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1907 command that enters the debugger. This begins a recursive editing level
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1908 for the debugger, within the recursive editing level for @kbd{C-r}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1909 Mode lines display a pair of square brackets for each recursive editing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910 level currently in progress.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1911
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1912 Exiting the inner recursive edit (such as, with the debugger @kbd{c}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1913 command) resumes the command running in the next level up. When that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1914 command finishes, you can then use @kbd{C-M-c} to exit another recursive
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1915 editing level, and so on. Exiting applies to the innermost level only.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1916 Aborting also gets out of only one level of recursive edit; it returns
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1917 immediately to the command level of the previous recursive edit. If you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1918 wish, you can then abort the next recursive editing level.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1919
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1920 Alternatively, the command @kbd{M-x top-level} aborts all levels of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1921 recursive edits, returning immediately to the top-level command reader.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1922
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1923 The text being edited inside the recursive edit need not be the same text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1924 that you were editing at top level. It depends on what the recursive edit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1925 is for. If the command that invokes the recursive edit selects a different
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1926 buffer first, that is the buffer you will edit recursively. In any case,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1927 you can switch buffers within the recursive edit in the normal manner (as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1928 long as the buffer-switching keys have not been rebound). You could
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1929 probably do all the rest of your editing inside the recursive edit,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1930 visiting files and all. But this could have surprising effects (such as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1931 stack overflow) from time to time. So remember to exit or abort the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1932 recursive edit when you no longer need it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1933
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1934 In general, we try to minimize the use of recursive editing levels in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1935 GNU Emacs. This is because they constrain you to ``go back'' in a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1936 particular order---from the innermost level toward the top level. When
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1937 possible, we present different activities in separate buffers so that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1938 you can switch between them as you please. Some commands switch to a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1939 new major mode which provides a command to switch back. These
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1940 approaches give you more flexibility to go back to unfinished tasks in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1941 the order you choose.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1942
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
1943 @node Emulation, Hyperlinking, Recursive Edit, Top
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1944 @section Emulation
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1945 @cindex emulating other editors
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1946 @cindex other editors
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1947 @cindex EDT
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1948 @cindex vi
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1949 @cindex PC keybindings
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1950 @cindex scrolling all windows
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1951 @cindex PC selecion
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1952 @cindex Motif keybindings
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1953 @cindex Macintosh keybindings
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1954 @cindex WordStar
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1955
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1956 GNU Emacs can be programmed to emulate (more or less) most other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1957 editors. Standard facilities can emulate these:
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1958
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1959 @table @asis
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1960 @item CRiSP/Brief (PC editor)
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1961 @findex crisp-mode
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1962 @vindex crisp-override-meta-x
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1963 @findex scroll-all-mode
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1964 @cindex CRiSP mode
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1965 @cindex Brief emulation
36263
11db0318031d Remove redundant index entries.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36185
diff changeset
1966 @cindex emulation of Brief
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1967 @cindex mode, CRiSP
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1968 You can turn on keybindings to emulate the CRiSP/Brief editor with
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1969 @kbd{M-x crisp-mode}. Note that this rebinds @kbd{M-x} to exit Emacs
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1970 unless you change the user option @code{crisp-override-meta-x}. You can
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1971 also use the command @kbd{M-x scroll-all-mode} or set the user option
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1972 @code{crisp-load-scroll-all} to emulate CRiSP's scroll-all feature
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1973 (scrolling all windows together).
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1974
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1975 @item EDT (DEC VMS editor)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1976 @findex edt-emulation-on
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1977 @findex edt-emulation-off
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1978 Turn on EDT emulation with @kbd{M-x edt-emulation-on}. @kbd{M-x
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1979 edt-emulation-off} restores normal Emacs command bindings.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1980
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1981 Most of the EDT emulation commands are keypad keys, and most standard
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1982 Emacs key bindings are still available. The EDT emulation rebindings
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1983 are done in the global keymap, so there is no problem switching
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1984 buffers or major modes while in EDT emulation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1985
36185
62cf166239f3 Change in quoting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36168
diff changeset
1986 @item ``PC'' bindings
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1987 @findex pc-bindings-mode
36185
62cf166239f3 Change in quoting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36168
diff changeset
1988 @cindex ``PC'' key bindings
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1989 The command @kbd{M-x pc-bindings-mode} sets up certain key bindings
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1990 for ``PC compatibility''---what people are often used to on PCs---as
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1991 follows: @kbd{Delete} and its variants delete forward instead of
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1992 backward, @kbd{C-Backspace} kills backward a word (as @kbd{C-Delete}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1993 normally would), @kbd{M-Backspace} does undo, @kbd{Home} and @kbd{End}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1994 move to beginning and end of line, @kbd{C-Home} and @kbd{C-End} move
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1995 to beginning and end of buffer and @kbd{C-Escape} does
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
1996 @code{list-buffers}.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1997
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
1998 @item PC Selection mode
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
1999 @findex pc-selection-mode
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2000 @cindex PC Selection minor mode
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2001 @cindex mode, PC selection
36185
62cf166239f3 Change in quoting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36168
diff changeset
2002 @cindex selection, PC
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2003 The command @kbd{M-x pc-selection-mode} enables a global minor mode
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2004 that emulates the mark, copy, cut and paste commands of various other
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2005 systems---an interface known as CUA. It establishes the keybindings
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2006 of PC mode, and also modifies the bindings of the cursor keys and the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2007 @kbd{next}, @kbd{prior}, @kbd{home} and @kbd{end} keys. It does not
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2008 provide the full set of CUA keybindings---the fundamental Emacs keys
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2009 @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{C-x} are not changed.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2010
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2011 The standard keys for moving around (@kbd{right}, @kbd{left},
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2012 @kbd{up}, @kbd{down}, @kbd{home}, @kbd{end}, @kbd{prior}, @kbd{next},
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2013 called ``move-keys'') deactivate the mark in PC selection mode.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2014 However, using @kbd{Shift} together with the ``move keys'' activates
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2015 the region over which they move. The copy, cut and paste functions
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2016 are available on @kbd{C-insert}, @kbd{S-delete} and @kbd{S-insert}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2017 respectively.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2018
31310
de65b6a12166 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31188
diff changeset
2019 @cindex s-region package
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2020 The @code{s-region} package provides similar, but less complete,
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2021 facilities.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2022
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2023 @item TPU (DEC VMS editor)
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2024 @findex tpu-edt-on
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2025 @cindex TPU
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2026 @kbd{M-x tpu-edt-on} turns on emulation of the TPU editor emulating EDT.
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2027
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2028 @item vi (Berkeley editor)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2029 @findex viper-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2030 Viper is the newest emulator for vi. It implements several levels of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2031 emulation; level 1 is closest to vi itself, while level 5 departs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2032 somewhat from strict emulation to take advantage of the capabilities of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2033 Emacs. To invoke Viper, type @kbd{M-x viper-mode}; it will guide you
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2034 the rest of the way and ask for the emulation level. @inforef{Top,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2035 Viper, viper}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2036
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2037 @item vi (another emulator)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2038 @findex vi-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2039 @kbd{M-x vi-mode} enters a major mode that replaces the previously
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2040 established major mode. All of the vi commands that, in real vi, enter
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2041 ``input'' mode are programmed instead to return to the previous major
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2042 mode. Thus, ordinary Emacs serves as vi's ``input'' mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2043
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2044 Because vi emulation works through major modes, it does not work
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2045 to switch buffers during emulation. Return to normal Emacs first.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2046
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2047 If you plan to use vi emulation much, you probably want to bind a key
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2048 to the @code{vi-mode} command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2049
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2050 @item vi (alternate emulator)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2051 @findex vip-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2052 @kbd{M-x vip-mode} invokes another vi emulator, said to resemble real vi
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2053 more thoroughly than @kbd{M-x vi-mode}. ``Input'' mode in this emulator
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2054 is changed from ordinary Emacs so you can use @key{ESC} to go back to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2055 emulated vi command mode. To get from emulated vi command mode back to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2056 ordinary Emacs, type @kbd{C-z}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2057
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2058 This emulation does not work through major modes, and it is possible
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2059 to switch buffers in various ways within the emulator. It is not
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2060 so necessary to assign a key to the command @code{vip-mode} as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2061 it is with @code{vi-mode} because terminating insert mode does
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2062 not use it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2063
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2064 @inforef{Top, VIP, vip}, for full information.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2065
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2066 @item WordStar (old wordprocessor)
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2067 @findex wordstar-mode
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2068 @kbd{M-x wordstar-mode} provides a major mode with WordStar-like
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2069 keybindings.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2070 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2071
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2072 @node Hyperlinking, Dissociated Press, Emulation, Top
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2073 @section Hyperlinking and Navigation Features
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2074
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2075 @cindex hyperlinking
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2076 @cindex navigation
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2077 Various modes documented elsewhere have hypertext features so that
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2078 you can follow links, usually by clicking @kbd{Mouse-2} on the link or
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2079 typing @key{RET} while point is on the link. Info mode, Help mode and
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2080 the Dired-like modes are examples. The Tags facility links between
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2081 uses and definitions in source files, see @ref{Tags}. Imenu provides
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2082 navigation amongst items indexed in the current buffer, see
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2083 @ref{Imenu}. Info-lookup provides mode-specific lookup of definitions
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2084 in Info indexes, see @ref{Documentation}. Speedbar maintains a frame
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2085 in which links to files, and locations in files are displayed, see
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2086 @ref{Speedbar}.
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2087
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2088 Other non-mode-specific facilities described in this section enable
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2089 following links from the current buffer in a context-sensitive
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2090 fashion.
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2091
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2092 @menu
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2093 * Browse-URL:: Following URLs.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2094 * Goto-address:: Activating URLs.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2095 * FFAP:: Finding files etc. at point.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2096 * Find-func:: Finding function and variable definitions.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2097 @end menu
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2098
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2099 @node Browse-URL
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2100 @subsection Following URLs
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2101 @cindex World Wide Web
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2102 @cindex Web
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2103 @findex browse-url
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2104 @findex browse-url-at-point
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2105 @findex browse-url-at-mouse
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2106 @cindex Browse-URL
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2107 @cindex URLs
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2108
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2109 @table @kbd
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2110 @item M-x browse-url @key{RET} @var{url} @key{ret}
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2111 Load a URL into a Web browser.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2112 @end table
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2113
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2114 The Browse-URL package provides facilities for following URLs specifying
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2115 links on the World Wide Web. Usually this works by invoking a web
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2116 browser, but you can, for instance, arrange to invoke @code{compose-mail}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2117 from @samp{mailto:} URLs.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2118
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2119 The general way to use this feature is to type @kbd{M-x browse-url},
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2120 which displays a specified URL. If point is located near a plausible
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2121 URL, that URL is used as the default. Other commands are available
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2122 which you might like to bind to keys, such as
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2123 @code{browse-url-at-point} and @code{browse-url-at-mouse}.
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2124
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2125 @vindex browse-url-browser-function
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2126 You can customize Browse-URL's behaviour via various options in the
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2127 @code{browse-url} Customize group, particularly
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2128 @code{browse-url-browser-function}. You can invoke actions dependent
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2129 on the type of URL by defining @code{browse-url-browser-function} as
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2130 an association list. The package's commentary available via @kbd{C-h
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2131 p} provides more information. Packages with facilities for following
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2132 URLs should always go through Browse-URL, so that the customization
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2133 options for Browse-URL will affect all browsing in Emacs.
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2134
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2135 @node Goto-address
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2136 @subsection Activating URLs
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2137 @findex goto-address
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2138 @cindex Goto-address
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2139 @cindex URLs, activating
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2140
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2141 @table @kbd
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2142 @item M-x goto-address
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2143 Activate URLs and e-mail addresses in the current buffer.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2144 @end table
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2145
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2146 You can make URLs in the current buffer active with @kbd{M-x
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2147 goto-address}. This finds all the URLs in the buffer, and establishes
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2148 bindings for @kbd{Mouse-2} and @kbd{C-c @key{RET}} on them. After
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2149 activation, if you click on a URL with @kbd{Mouse-2}, or move to a URL
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2150 and type @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}, that will display the web page that the URL
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2151 specifies. For a @samp{mailto} URL, it sends mail instead, using your
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2152 selected mail-composition method (@pxref{Mail Methods}).
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2153
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2154 It can be useful to add @code{goto-address} to mode hooks and the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2155 hooks used to display an incoming message.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2156 @code{rmail-show-message-hook} is the appropriate hook for Rmail, and
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2157 @code{mh-show-mode-hook} for MH-E. This is not needed for Gnus,
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2158 which has a similar feature of its own.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2159
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2160
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2161 @node FFAP
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2162 @subsection Finding Files and URLs at Point
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2163 @findex find-file-at-point
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2164 @findex ffap
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2165 @findex ffap-dired-at-point
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2166 @findex ffap-next
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2167 @findex ffap-menu
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2168 @cindex finding file at point
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2169
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2170 FFAP mode replaces certain key bindings for finding files, including
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2171 @kbd{C-x C-f}, with commands that provide more sensitive defaults.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2172 These commands behave like the ordinary ones when given a prefix
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2173 argument. Otherwise, they get the default file name or URL from the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2174 text around point. If what is found in the buffer has the form of a
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2175 URL rather than a file name, the commands use @code{browse-url} to
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2176 view it.
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2177
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2178 This feature is useful for following references in mail or news
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2179 buffers, @file{README} files, @file{MANIFEST} files, and so on. The
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2180 @samp{ffap} package's commentary available via @kbd{C-h p} and the
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2181 @code{ffap} Custom group provide details.
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2182
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2183 @cindex FFAP minor mode
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2184 @findex ffap-mode
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2185 You can turn on FFAP minor mode to make the following key bindings
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2186 and to install hooks for using @code{ffap} in Rmail, Gnus and VM
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2187 article buffers.
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2188
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2189 @table @kbd
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2190 @item C-x C-f @var{filename} @key{RET}
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2191 @kindex C-x C-f @r{(FFAP)}
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2192 Find @var{filename}, guessing a default from text around point
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2193 (@code{find-file-at-point}).
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2194 @item C-x 4 f
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2195 @kindex C-x 4 f @r{(FFAP)}
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2196 @code{ffap-other-window}, analogous to @code{find-file-other-window}.
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2197 @item C-x 5 f
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2198 @kindex C-x 5 f @r{(FFAP)}
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2199 @code{ffap-other-frame}, analogous to @code{find-file-other-frame}.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2200 @item M-x ffap-next
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2201 Search buffer for next file name or URL, then find that file or URL.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2202 @item C-x d @var{directory} @key{RET}
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2203 @kindex C-x d @r{(FFAP)}
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2204 Start Dired on @var{directory}, defaulting to the directory name at
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2205 point (@code{ffap-dired-at-point}).
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2206 @item S-Mouse-3
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2207 @kindex S-Mouse-3 @r{(FFAP)}
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2208 @code{ffap-at-mouse} finds the file guessed from text around the position
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2209 of a mouse click.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2210 @item C-S-Mouse-3
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2211 @kindex C-S-Mouse-3 @r{(FFAP)}
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2212 Display a menu of files and URLs mentioned in current buffer, then
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2213 find the one you select (@code{ffap-menu}).
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2214 @end table
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2215
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2216 @node Find-func
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2217 @subsection Finding Function and Variable Definitions
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2218 @cindex definitions, finding in Lisp sources
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2219 @cindex Lisp definitions, finding in sources
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2220
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2221 @table @kbd
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2222 @item M-x find-function @key{RET} @var{function} @key{RET}
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2223 Find the definition @var{function} in its source file.
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2224 @item M-x find-variable @key{RET} @var{variable} @key{RET}
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2225 Find the definition of @var{variable} in its source file.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2226 @item M-x find-function-on-key @key{RET} @var{key}
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2227 Find the definition of the function that @var{key} invokes.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2228 @end table
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2229
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2230 These commands provide an easy way to find the definitions of Emacs
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2231 Lisp functions and variables. They are similar in purpose to the Tags
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2232 facility (@pxref{Tags}), but don't require a tags table; on the other
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2233 hand, they only works for function and variable definitions that are
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2234 already loaded in the Emacs session.
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2235
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2236 @findex find-function
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2237 @findex find-function-on-key
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2238 @findex find-variable
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2239 To find the definition of a function, use @kbd{M-x find-function}.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2240 @kbd{M-x find-variable} finds the definition of a specified variable.
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2241 @kbd{M-x find-function-on-key} finds the definition of the function
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2242 bound to a specified key.
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2243
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2244 To use these commands, you must have the Lisp source (@samp{.el})
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2245 files available along with the compiled (@samp{.elc}) files, in
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2246 directories in @code{load-path}. You can use compressed source files
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2247 if you enable Auto Compression mode. These commands only handle
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2248 definitions written in Lisp, not primitive functions or variables
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2249 defined in the C code of Emacs.
28448
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2250
fe21629219ef (Emulation): Mention TPU.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 28125
diff changeset
2251 @node Dissociated Press, Amusements, Hyperlinking, Top
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2252 @section Dissociated Press
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2253
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2254 @findex dissociated-press
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2255 @kbd{M-x dissociated-press} is a command for scrambling a file of text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2256 either word by word or character by character. Starting from a buffer of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2257 straight English, it produces extremely amusing output. The input comes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2258 from the current Emacs buffer. Dissociated Press writes its output in a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2259 buffer named @samp{*Dissociation*}, and redisplays that buffer after every
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2260 couple of lines (approximately) so you can read the output as it comes out.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2261
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2262 Dissociated Press asks every so often whether to continue generating
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2263 output. Answer @kbd{n} to stop it. You can also stop at any time by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2264 typing @kbd{C-g}. The dissociation output remains in the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2265 @samp{*Dissociation*} buffer for you to copy elsewhere if you wish.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2266
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2267 @cindex presidentagon
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2268 Dissociated Press operates by jumping at random from one point in the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2269 buffer to another. In order to produce plausible output rather than
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2270 gibberish, it insists on a certain amount of overlap between the end of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2271 one run of consecutive words or characters and the start of the next.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2272 That is, if it has just printed out `president' and then decides to jump
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2273 to a different point in the file, it might spot the `ent' in `pentagon'
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2274 and continue from there, producing `presidentagon'.@footnote{This
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2275 dissociword actually appeared during the Vietnam War, when it was very
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2276 appropriate.} Long sample texts produce the best results.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2277
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2278 @cindex againformation
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2279 A positive argument to @kbd{M-x dissociated-press} tells it to operate
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2280 character by character, and specifies the number of overlap characters. A
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2281 negative argument tells it to operate word by word and specifies the number
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2282 of overlap words. In this mode, whole words are treated as the elements to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2283 be permuted, rather than characters. No argument is equivalent to an
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2284 argument of two. For your againformation, the output goes only into the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2285 buffer @samp{*Dissociation*}. The buffer you start with is not changed.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2286
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2287 @cindex Markov chain
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2288 @cindex ignoriginal
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2289 @cindex techniquitous
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2290 Dissociated Press produces nearly the same results as a Markov chain
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2291 based on a frequency table constructed from the sample text. It is,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2292 however, an independent, ignoriginal invention. Dissociated Press
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2293 techniquitously copies several consecutive characters from the sample
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2294 between random choices, whereas a Markov chain would choose randomly for
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2295 each word or character. This makes for more plausible sounding results,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2296 and runs faster.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2297
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2298 @cindex outragedy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2299 @cindex buggestion
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2300 @cindex properbose
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2301 @cindex mustatement
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2302 @cindex developediment
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2303 @cindex userenced
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2304 It is a mustatement that too much use of Dissociated Press can be a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2305 developediment to your real work. Sometimes to the point of outragedy.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2306 And keep dissociwords out of your documentation, if you want it to be well
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2307 userenced and properbose. Have fun. Your buggestions are welcome.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2308
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2309 @node Amusements, Customization, Dissociated Press, Top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2310 @section Other Amusements
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2311 @cindex boredom
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2312 @findex hanoi
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2313 @findex yow
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2314 @findex gomoku
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2315 @cindex tower of Hanoi
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2316
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2317 If you are a little bit bored, you can try @kbd{M-x hanoi}. If you are
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2318 considerably bored, give it a numeric argument. If you are very very
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2319 bored, try an argument of 9. Sit back and watch.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2320
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2321 @cindex Go Moku
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2322 If you want a little more personal involvement, try @kbd{M-x gomoku},
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2323 which plays the game Go Moku with you.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2324
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2325 @findex blackbox
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2326 @findex mpuz
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2327 @findex 5x5
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2328 @cindex puzzles
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2329 @kbd{M-x blackbox}, @kbd{M-x mpuz} and @kbd{M-x 5x5} are kinds of puzzles.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2330 @code{blackbox} challenges you to determine the location of objects
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2331 inside a box by tomography. @code{mpuz} displays a multiplication
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2332 puzzle with letters standing for digits in a code that you must
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2333 guess---to guess a value, type a letter and then the digit you think it
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2334 stands for. The aim of @code{5x5} is to fill in all the squares.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2335
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2336 @findex decipher
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2337 @cindex ciphers
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2338 @cindex cryptanalysis
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2339 @kbd{M-x decipher} helps you to cryptanalyze a buffer which is encrypted
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2340 in a simple monoalphabetic substitution cipher.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2341
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2342 @findex dunnet
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2343 @kbd{M-x dunnet} runs an adventure-style exploration game, which is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2344 a bigger sort of puzzle.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2345
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2346 @findex lm
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2347 @cindex landmark game
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2348 @kbd{M-x lm} runs a relatively non-participatory game in which a robot
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2349 attempts to maneuver towards a tree at the center of the window based on
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2350 unique olfactory cues from each of the four directions.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2351
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2352 @findex life
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2353 @cindex Life
36185
62cf166239f3 Change in quoting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36168
diff changeset
2354 @kbd{M-x life} runs Conway's ``Life'' cellular automaton.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2355
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2356 @findex morse-region
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2357 @findex unmorse-region
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2358 @cindex Morse code
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2359 @cindex --/---/.-./.../.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2360 @kbd{M-x morse-region} converts text in a region to Morse code and
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2361 @kbd{M-x unmorse-region} converts it back. No cause for remorse.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2362
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2363 @findex pong
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2364 @cindex Pong game
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2365 @kbd{M-x pong} plays a Pong-like game, bouncing the ball off opposing
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2366 bats.
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2367
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2368 @findex solitaire
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2369 @cindex solitaire
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2370 @kbd{M-x solitaire} plays a game of solitaire in which you jump pegs
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2371 across other pegs.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2372
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2373 @findex studlify-region
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2374 @cindex StudlyCaps
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2375 @kbd{M-x studlify-region} studlify-cases the region, producing
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2376 text like this:
30856
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2377
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2378 @example
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2379 M-x stUdlIfY-RegioN stUdlIfY-CaSeS thE region.
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2380 @end example
c17c1380a43d (Emacs Server): emacs.bash
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
2381
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2382 @findex tetris
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2383 @cindex Tetris
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2384 @findex snake
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2385 @cindex Snake
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35648
diff changeset
2386 @kbd{M-x tetris} runs an implementation of the well-known Tetris game.
27210
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2387 Likewise, @kbd{M-x snake} provides an implementation of Snake.
ac3a8cb1ce25 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 26290
diff changeset
2388
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2389 When you are frustrated, try the famous Eliza program. Just do
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2390 @kbd{M-x doctor}. End each input by typing @key{RET} twice.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2391
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2392 @cindex Zippy
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2393 When you are feeling strange, type @kbd{M-x yow}.
30862
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30856
diff changeset
2394
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30856
diff changeset
2395 @findex zone
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30856
diff changeset
2396 The command @kbd{M-x zone} plays games with the display when Emacs is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30856
diff changeset
2397 idle.