annotate man/faq.texi @ 40898:a69946fb84de

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author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Sat, 10 Nov 2001 18:36:26 +0000
parents 421e0a91a1d1
children 19880a4faa73
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
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2 @c %**start of header
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3 @setfilename ../info/efaq
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ
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5 @c %**end of header
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6
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7 @setchapternewpage odd
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8
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9 @c This is used in many places
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10 @set VER 21.1
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11
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12 @c The @ifinfo stuff only appears in the Info version
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13 @ifinfo
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14 @dircategory Emacs
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15 @direntry
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16 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs.
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17 @end direntry
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18
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19 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@*
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20 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@*
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21 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@*
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22
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23 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
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24 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
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25 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
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26
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27 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
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28 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved
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29 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to
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30 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the
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31 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information).
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32
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33 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that
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34 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
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35 itself allows free copying and redistribution.
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36
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37 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version
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38 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.]
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39
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40 @end ifinfo
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41
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42 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version
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43 @titlepage
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44 @sp 10
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45 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ}
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46
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47 @c The following two commands start the copyright page.
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48 @page
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49 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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50 Copyright @copyright{} 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@*
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51 Copyright @copyright{} 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@*
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52 Copyright @copyright{} 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@*
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53
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54 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
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55 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
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56 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
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57
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58 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
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59 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved
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60 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to
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61 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the
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62 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information).
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63
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64 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that
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65 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
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66 itself allows free copying and redistribution.
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67
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68 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version
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69 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.]
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70 @end titlepage
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71
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72 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir)
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73
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74 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}.
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75
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76 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML,
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77 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but
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78 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this
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79 format. If you have any suggestions or questions, please contact
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80 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il, the FAQ maintainers}.
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81
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82 @menu
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83 * FAQ notation::
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84 * General questions::
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85 * Getting help::
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86 * Status of Emacs::
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87 * Common requests::
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88 * Bugs and problems::
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89 * Compiling and installing Emacs::
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90 * Finding Emacs and related packages::
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91 * Major packages and programs::
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92 * Key bindings::
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93 * Alternate character sets::
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94 * Mail and news::
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95 * Concept index::
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96 @end menu
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97
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98 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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99 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top
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100 @chapter FAQ notation
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101 @cindex FAQ notation
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102
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103 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in
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104 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time
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105 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms
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106 used in the FAQ.
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107
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108 @menu
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109 * Basic keys::
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110 * Extended commands::
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111 * On-line manual::
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112 * File-name conventions::
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113 * Common acronyms::
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114 @end menu
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115
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116 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation
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117 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.?
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118 @cindex Basic keys
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119 @cindex Control key, notation for
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120 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for
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121 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for
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122 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of
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123 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of
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124 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of
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125 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of
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126 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of
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127 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of
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128 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of
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129 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of
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130 @cindex Notation for keys
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131
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132 @itemize @bullet
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133
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134 @item
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135 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key
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136
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137 @item
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138 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key
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139 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key})
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140
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141 @item
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142 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control}
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143 and @key{Meta}
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144
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145 @item
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146 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above
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147
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148 @item
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149 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j}
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150
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151 @item
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152 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m}
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153
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154 @item
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155 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as
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156 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if
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157 deleting invokes Emacs help)
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158
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159 @item
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160 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[}
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161
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162 @item
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163 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i}
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164
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165 @item
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166 @key{SPC}: Space bar
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167
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168 @end itemize
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169
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170 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are
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171 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this:
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172
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173 @display
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174 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET}
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175 @end display
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176
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177 @noindent
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178 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC}
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179 really means press the space key.
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180
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181 The ASCII code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value
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182 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for
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183 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux
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184 terminals, the ASCII code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the
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185 ASCII code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially,
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186 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit
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187 7@footnote{
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188 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is
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189 pressed.}.
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190
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191 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call
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192 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON.
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193 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate ASCII code 127.
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194
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195 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys,
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196 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more
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197 information about Info.)
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198
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199 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation
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200 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean?
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201 @cindex Extended commands
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202 @cindex Commands, extended
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203 @cindex M-x, meaning of
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204
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205 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the
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206 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure
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207 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.)
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208
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209 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command
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210 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any
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211 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't
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212 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for
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213 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and
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214 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these
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215 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command}
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216 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function.
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217
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218 @cindex @key{Do} key
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219 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke
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220 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a
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221 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key.
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222
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223 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating
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224 Emacs Lisp code}.
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225
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226 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation
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227 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual?
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228 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in
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229 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual
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230 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual
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231 @cindex Info, finding topics in
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232
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233 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can
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234 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by
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235 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}.
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236
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237 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't
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238 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info.
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239
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240 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
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241 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}.
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242
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243 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may
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244 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them
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245 improperly. In this case you should complain.
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246
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247 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the
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248 Emacs manual.
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249
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250 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation
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251 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}?
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252 @cindex File-name conventions
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253 @cindex Conventions for file names
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254 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs
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255
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256 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided
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257 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and
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258 @file{src}.
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259
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260 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start
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261 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory
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262 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed
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263 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable
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264 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the
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265 documentation of a variable.)
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266
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267 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation
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268 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use
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269 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of
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270 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last
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271 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By
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272 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}.
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273
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274 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see
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275 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the
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276 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are
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277 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?}
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278 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}).
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279
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280 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and
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281 many files from the @file{etc} directory.
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282
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283 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation
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284 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL?
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285 @cindex FSF, definition of
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286 @cindex LPF, definition of
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287 @cindex OSF, definition of
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288 @cindex GNU, definition of
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289 @cindex RMS, definition of
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290 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for
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291 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for
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292 @cindex FTP, definition of
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293 @cindex GPL, definition of
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294 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for
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295 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for
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296
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297 @table @asis
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298
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299 @item FSF
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300 Free Software Foundation
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301
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302 @item LPF
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303 League for Programming Freedom
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304
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305 @item OSF
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306 Open Software Foundation
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307
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308 @item GNU
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309 GNU's Not Unix
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310
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311 @item RMS
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312 Richard Matthew Stallman
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313
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314 @item FTP
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315 File Transfer Protocol
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316
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317 @item GPL
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318 GNU General Public License
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319
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320 @end table
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321
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322 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes
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323 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make
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324 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a
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325 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for
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326 Unix systems.
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327
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328 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to
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329 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for
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330 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the
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331 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always
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332 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has
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333 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software.
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334
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335 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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336 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top
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337 @chapter General questions
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338 @cindex General questions
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339
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340 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the
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341 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations.
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342
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343 @menu
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344 * The LPF::
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345 * Real meaning of copyleft::
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346 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings::
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347 * Newsgroup archives::
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348 * Reporting bugs::
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349 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists::
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350 * Contacting the FSF::
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351 @end menu
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352
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353 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions
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354 @section What is the LPF?
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355 @cindex LPF, description of
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356 @cindex League for Programming Freedom
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357 @cindex Software patents, opposition to
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358 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to
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359
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360 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and
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361 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact
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362 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact
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363 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you
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364 about the LPF.
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365
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366 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}.
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367 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and
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368 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}.
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369
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370 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions
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371 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft?
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372 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of
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373 @cindex GPL, real meaning of
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374 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of
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375 @cindex Discussion of the GPL
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376
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377 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will
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378 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope.
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379 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to
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380 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to
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381 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the
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382 extensive flame wars on the subject.
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383
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384 RMS writes:
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385
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386 @quotation
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387 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit,
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388 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining
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389 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users
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390 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make
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391 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you
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392 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the
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393 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed.
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394 @end quotation
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395
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396 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions
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397 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.?
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398 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for
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399 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for
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400 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for
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401 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for
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402 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups
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403
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404 @cindex GNU mailing lists
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405 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU
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406 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy
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407 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it
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408 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address.
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409
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410 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs
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411 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other
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412 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG,
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413 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon.
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414
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415 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they
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416 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been
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417 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to
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418 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself.
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419
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420 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on
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421 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss},
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422 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject.
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423 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't
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424 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to
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425 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when
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426 posting a followup that recommends such software.
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427
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428 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid
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429 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}).
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430
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431 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions
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432 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups?
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433 @cindex Archived postings from @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}
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434 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups
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435 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups
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436
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437 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many
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438 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The
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439 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve
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440 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there.
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441
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442 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}.
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443
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444 As of this writing, the archives are not yet working.
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445
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446 Web-based Usenet search services, such as
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447 @uref{http://www.dejanews.com, DejaNews}, also archive the
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448 @code{gnu.*} groups.
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449
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450 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions
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451 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs?
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452 @cindex Bug reporting
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453 @cindex Good bug reports
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454 @cindex How to submit a bug report
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455 @cindex Reporting bugs
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456
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457 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to
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458 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the
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459 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of
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460 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address
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461 so you can be contacted for further details.
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462
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463 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting
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464 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a
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465 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the
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466 manual.)
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467
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468 RMS says:
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469
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470 @quotation
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471 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the
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472 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because
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473 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of
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474 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem.
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475 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people
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476 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to
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477 receive more messages about Emacs than the others.
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478 @end quotation
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479
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480 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}:
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481
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482 @quotation
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483 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix,
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484 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on
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485 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you.
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486 @end quotation
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487
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488 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following
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489 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS:
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490
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491 @quotation
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492 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors
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493 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that
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494 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it
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495 does, that is a bug.
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496 @end quotation
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497
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498 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions
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499 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list?
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parents:
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500 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists
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parents:
diff changeset
501 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists
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diff changeset
502
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503 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be
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diff changeset
504 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address
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diff changeset
505 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are
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506 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a
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507 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which
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508 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers
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509 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or
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diff changeset
510 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address}
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diff changeset
511 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these
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512 details.
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513
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514 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions
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parents:
diff changeset
515 @section What is the current address of the FSF?
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516 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF
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517 @cindex Postal address of the FSF
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diff changeset
518 @cindex Contracting the FSF
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519 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting
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520
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521 @table @asis
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522
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523 @item E-mail
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524 gnu@@gnu.org
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525
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526 @item Telephone
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527 +1-617-542-5942
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528
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529 @item Fax
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530 +1-617-542-2652
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531
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532 @item World Wide Web
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533 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/}
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534
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535 @item Postal address
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536 Free Software Foundation@*
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537 59 Temple Place - Suite 330@*
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parents:
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538 Boston, MA 02111-1307@*
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539 USA@*
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540
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541 @end table
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542
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543 @cindex Ordering GNU software
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544 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the
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545 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}, and also the
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546 files @file{etc/ORDERS}, @file{ORDERS.EUROPE}, and @file{ORDERS.JAPAN}.
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547
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548 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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549 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top
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diff changeset
550 @chapter Getting help
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551 @cindex Getting help
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552
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553 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs
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554
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555 @menu
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556 * Basic editing::
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557 * Learning how to do something::
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558 * Getting a printed manual::
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559 * Emacs Lisp documentation::
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560 * Installing Texinfo documentation::
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561 * Printing a Texinfo file::
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562 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs::
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563 * Informational files for Emacs::
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564 * Help installing Emacs::
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565 * Obtaining the FAQ::
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diff changeset
566 @end menu
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567
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diff changeset
568 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help
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parents:
diff changeset
569 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing?
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570 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs
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diff changeset
571 @cindex Beginning editing
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parents:
diff changeset
572 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the
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diff changeset
573 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the
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parents:
diff changeset
574 @cindex Help system, entering the
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diff changeset
575
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576 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h}
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577 enters the help system.
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diff changeset
578
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diff changeset
579 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like
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580 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x
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parents:
diff changeset
581 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any)
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parents:
diff changeset
582 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET}
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diff changeset
583 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key
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diff changeset
584 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key
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parents:
diff changeset
585 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help.
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586
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diff changeset
587 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value
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diff changeset
588 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}.
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diff changeset
589
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590 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also
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591 relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at
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592
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diff changeset
593 @uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html}
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diff changeset
594
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diff changeset
595 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help
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parents:
diff changeset
596 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs?
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parents:
diff changeset
597 @cindex Help for Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
598 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
599 @cindex Reference card for Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
600 @cindex Overview of help systems
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parents:
diff changeset
601
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diff changeset
602 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs.
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diff changeset
603
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diff changeset
604 @itemize @bullet
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diff changeset
605
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diff changeset
606 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual
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607 @item
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608 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info
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diff changeset
609 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h}
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diff changeset
610 immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to
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parents:
diff changeset
611 use it.
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diff changeset
612
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diff changeset
613 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
614 @cindex Index search in a manual
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
615 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff changeset
616 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
617 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
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618 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
619 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this
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diff changeset
620 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,}
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diff changeset
621 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and
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diff changeset
622 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the
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diff changeset
623 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.)
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diff changeset
624
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diff changeset
625 @cindex Apropos
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diff changeset
626 @item
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diff changeset
627 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
628 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
629 command-apropos}).
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diff changeset
630
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diff changeset
631 @cindex Command description in the manual
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diff changeset
632 @item
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633 The command @kbd{C-h C-f} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts
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diff changeset
634 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
635 Emacs manual where that command is described.
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diff changeset
636
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diff changeset
637 @cindex Finding commands and variables
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diff changeset
638 @item
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diff changeset
639 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
640 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}.
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diff changeset
641
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diff changeset
642 @item
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diff changeset
643 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
644 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x
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diff changeset
645 apropos-documentation}.
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diff changeset
646
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647 @item
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diff changeset
648 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a
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diff changeset
649 printed manual}.
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parents:
diff changeset
650
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diff changeset
651 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages
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652 @item
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diff changeset
653 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to
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diff changeset
654 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5),
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diff changeset
655 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or
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diff changeset
656 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with
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diff changeset
657 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
658 reference card into several languages; look for files named
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
659 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
660 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
661 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}.
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diff changeset
662
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diff changeset
663 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 @kbd{C-h}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining
40014
79d5f2aed303 (Getting a printed manual): Add an index entry for HTML version
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39551
diff changeset
673 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of
79d5f2aed303 (Getting a printed manual): Add an index entry for HTML version
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39551
diff changeset
674 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
677 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
678 and the file @file{etc/ORDERS}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
679
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
680 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent!
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
681 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
683 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 file}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 you can get a PostScript version from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
689 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz}
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
690
40014
79d5f2aed303 (Getting a printed manual): Add an index entry for HTML version
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39551
diff changeset
691 @cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
692 An HTML version of the manual is at
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
693
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
694 @uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html}
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
695
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
696 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 @cindex Function documentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 @cindex Variable documentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
709 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
710 on ordering it from FSF are on the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
711 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} and in the file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
712 @file{etc/ORDERS}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 files) is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
718 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
719
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
720 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
721 distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
722 to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
723 to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
724
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
725 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
726
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
727 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html}
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
735 @cindex Info files, how to install
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 Texinfo package at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
741 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
742
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
743 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
744 distributions}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
747 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
748 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
749 @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
750
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
751 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
752 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
753 manual you want to convert.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
756 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
757 perform these steps:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 @enumerate
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
760 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
761 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
762 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
763 is.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
764
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
765 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
766 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
767 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
768
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
769 @example
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
770 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
771 @end example
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
772
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
773 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
774 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
775 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
776 you produced and want to install.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
777
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
778 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
779 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
780 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
781 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 @end enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 privileges, you have several options:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
797 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
798 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
799 directory, you can type this:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
801 @example
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
802 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}}
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
803 @end example
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
806 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
809 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info},
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 (setq Info-default-directory-list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
818 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824 @end itemize
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 @section How do I print a Texinfo file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 @cindex Texinfo file, printing
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
830 @cindex Printing documentation
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837 @enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
838
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
839 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
840 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this:
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 @example
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 \input texinfo
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
846 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
847 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
848 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
849
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
850 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
851 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
852 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
853 printed copy.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
854
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
855 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
856 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
857
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
858 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
859 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
860 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
861 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
862 printer.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 @end enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
867 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 @cindex Viewing Info files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 @cindex Info file viewers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 Yes. Here are some alternative programs:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
879 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
880 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
881 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
882 details.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
883
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
884 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
885 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
886 Window system. You can get it at
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
888 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
889 list of mirrors).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
890
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
891 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
892 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
893 You can get Tkinfo at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
894 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 @section What informational files are available for Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 @cindex Files included with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 are available for you to read.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
919 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
920 where that is).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 @table @file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 @item COPYING
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 Emacs General Public License
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 @item DISTRIB
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular "Free Software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 Foundation Order Form"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 @item FTP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 @item GNU
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 The GNU Manifesto
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 @item INTERVIEW
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 system with BYTE editors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 @item LPF
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 @item MACHINES
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 @item MAILINGLISTS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 @item NEWS
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
951 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 @item SERVICE
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 GNU Service Directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 @item SUN-SUPPORT
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961 Latest versions of the above files also available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
965 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
966 Bulletin}, are at
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 @cindex Installation help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 @cindex Help installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
977 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
978 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
979 have problems with the installation.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
980
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
981 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
982 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
983 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
984 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
985 Emacs}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986
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parents:
diff changeset
987 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
998
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
999 @item
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13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1000 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1001 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1002 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h F} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}).
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 will do this for you at the article selection level:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 all articles in a newsgroup.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1020
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13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1021 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1022 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1023 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 while.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
1026 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1027 Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ from
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} and
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031 @uref{ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1032
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 @item
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1034 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1035 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1036 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055 blank subject and containing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067 with "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1071 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il}. Don't do this unless you have made a
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1072 good-faith effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073 above.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 @chapter Status of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080 @cindex Status of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1081
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1082 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 latest version status.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 * Origin of the term Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 * Latest version of Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 * New in Emacs 20::
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1089 * New in Emacs 21::
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1093 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1094 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs''
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 @cindex Emacs name origin
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 @cindex TECO
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097 @cindex Original version of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1098
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1099 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1101 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1103 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1104 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107 and completed by RMS.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1110 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1111 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1112 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1113 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1114
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1115 @cindex Why Emacs?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1117 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1118 conventions}).
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 @section What is the latest version of Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 @cindex Version, latest
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1123 @cindex Latest version of Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1124
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1125 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1126
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1127 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 @section What is different about Emacs 20?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h n}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 the top.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139 obvious to even the most casual user.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1143 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1144 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1145 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1146 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 and are now included with the standard distribution.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1153 @node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1154 @section What is different about Emacs 21?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1155 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1156 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1157 @cindex Recently introduced features
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1158
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1159 @cindex Variable-size fonts
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1160 @cindex Toolbar support
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1161 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1162 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1163 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearence of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1164 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1165 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1166 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1167 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1168
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
1169 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1170 @cindex TTY colors
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
1171 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1172 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1173 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1174
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 @chapter Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178 @cindex Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 * Setting up a customization file::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182 * Debugging a customization file::
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1183 * Colors on a TTY::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184 * Displaying the current line or column::
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1185 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 * Turning on abbrevs by default::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 * Turning on auto-fill by default::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 * Associating modes with files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 * Working with unprintable characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 * Highlighting a region::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 * Controlling case sensitivity::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 * Wrapping words automatically::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 * Spell-checkers::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 * Checking TeX and *roff documents::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 * Changing load-path::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 * Using an already running Emacs process::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 * Compiler error messages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 * Indenting switch statements::
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1199 * Customizing C and C++ indentation::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 * Horizontal scrolling::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 * Overwrite mode::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 * Turning off beeping::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 * Turning the volume down::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 * Automatic indentation::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 * Matching parentheses::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 * Hiding #ifdef lines::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 * Repeating commands::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1208 * Valid X resources::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1210 * Changing the length of a Tab::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 * Underlining paragraphs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 * Repeating a command as many times as possible::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 * Using regular expressions::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 * Replacing text across multiple files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1218 * Documentation for etags::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 * Disabling backups::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 * Disabling auto-save-mode::
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
1221 * Going to a line by number::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 * Modifying pull-down menus::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 * Deleting menus and menu options::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 * Turning on syntax highlighting::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 * Scrolling only one line::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 * Replacing highlighted text::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 * Editing MS-DOS files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 * Filling paragraphs with a single space::
35651
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
1229 * Escape sequences in shell output::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1232 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 @cindex Init file, setting up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 @cindex Customization file, setting up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 documented.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1245 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1246 facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1247 This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1248 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1249 rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1250 writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1251
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1252 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1254 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1258 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1259 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1260 @cindex Colors on a TTY
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1261 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1262 @cindex Console, colors
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1263
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1264 As of Emacs 21.1, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode,
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
1265 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1266 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1267 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1268 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1269 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1270 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1271 capabilities.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1272
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1273 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1274 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1275
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1276 Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1277 on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1278
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1279 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 @cindex Init file debugging
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1284 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 eval-last-sexp}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 variables which you are trying to set or use.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1301 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 @cindex @code{line-number-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 @cindex Displaying the current line or column
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 @cindex Line number, displaying the current
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 @cindex Column, displaying the current
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 @cindex @code{mode-line-format}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 (setq line-number-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1317 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1319 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1320 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1321 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1322 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 (setq column-number-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1331 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 in your @file{.emacs} file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1334 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1335 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 this variable.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1340 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1341 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1342 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1343 instructions on how to get it.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1344
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1345 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1346 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number''
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1347 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1349 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1350 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name?
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1351 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1352 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 @cindex @code{frame-title-format}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1355 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 variables.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1363 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1364 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 in your @file{.emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 (setq frame-title-format "%b")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1379 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1380 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 (condition-case ()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 (quietly-read-abbrev-file)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 (file-error nil))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1390 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1391 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1392 (setq abbrev-mode t)))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 @cindex Filling automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1401 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402 auto-fill-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1414 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 @cindex Associating modes with files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 @cindex File extensions and modes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1425 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1426 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1429 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1433 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1434 with @samp{#!}):
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1437 -*- @var{foo} -*-
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1440 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1444 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 @cindex Working with unprintable characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 @cindex Control characters, working with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).)
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1460 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1461 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1462 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 chars.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484
40705
421e0a91a1d1 Replace M-C- with C-M-
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 40014
diff changeset
1485 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 characters with a colon, use:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1498 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1499 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500 something in the minibuffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1503
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1506 @cindex Highlighting text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 @cindex Text, highlighting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509 @cindex Region, highlighting a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1510
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1511 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1512 including
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1514 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1515 (transient-mark-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1517
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1518 @noindent
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1519 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1520 highlighting}.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1521
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1522 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1524 @cindex @code{case-fold-search}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 @cindex Ignoring case in searches
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530 determines whether they are case sensitive:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1531
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1532 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1533 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1534 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1535 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1536
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1537 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1538 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1539 @cindex @code{case-replace}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1540 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1541 whether replacements preserve case.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1542
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1544 mode's hook. For example:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1545
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1547 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1548 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1549 (setq case-fold-search nil)))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1550 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1551
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1552 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1554 @cindex Wrapping word automatically
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1555 @cindex Wrapping lines
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1556 @cindex Line wrap
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1557 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1558 @cindex Maximum line width, default value
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1559 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1561 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1562 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1563 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1564 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1565
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1566 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1567 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1568 @cindex Checking spelling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1569 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1570
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1571 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1572
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1573 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1574 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1575 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1576 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1577
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1578 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1579 @xref{Ispell}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1580
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1581 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1582 @section How do I change @code{load-path}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1583 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1584 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1585 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1586
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1587 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1588 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1589
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1590 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1591 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594 To do this relative to your home directory:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1596 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1597 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1600 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1601 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1602 @cindex @code{emacsclient}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603 @cindex Emacs server functions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609 expecting the request.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1610
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1612
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1613 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1614 Setup:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1617 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1618 option:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1619
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1620 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1621 emacs -f server-start
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1622 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1623
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1624 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1625
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1626 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1627 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1628 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1629
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1630 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1631 @samp{emacsserver}. @samp{emacsserver} creates a Unix domain socket.
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1632 The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory,
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1633 or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp}
27113
21f49fa0782b Add socket name `esrv-USERID-SYSTEMNAME' for emacsserver.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 25874
diff changeset
1634 directory, depending on how @samp{emacsserver} was compiled.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1635
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1636 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1637 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1638 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1639 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1640 instead. Examples:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1641
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1642 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1643 # csh commands:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1644 setenv EDITOR emacsclient
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1645
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1646 # using full pathname
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1647 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1648
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1649 # sh command:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1650 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1651 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1652
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1653 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1654 Normal use:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1655
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1656 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1657 socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1658 @samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1659 the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1660 specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1661 user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1662 done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1663 server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1664 @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1665 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1666
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1667 @samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1669 @samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1670 the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1671 the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems,
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1672 @samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1673 from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1674 session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1675
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1676 @cindex @code{gnuserv}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1677 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1678 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1679 which is available in the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1680 not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses Internet domain sockets, so
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1681 it can work across most network connections. It also supports the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1682 execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does not require the client
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1683 program to wait for completion.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1684
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1685 The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1686
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1687 @uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1688
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1689 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1690
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1691 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1692 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1693 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1694 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1696 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1697
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1698 The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1699 Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1700 @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp},
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1701 @var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1702 the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1703 @kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1704 value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1705 comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1706 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1707 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1708 following to inform Emacs of your changes:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1709
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1711 (setq compilation-error-regexp-alist
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1712 (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1713 compilation-error-regexp-alist))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1714 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1715
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1716 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1717 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1718 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1719 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1720
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1721 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1722
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1723 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1724 f()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1725 @{
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1726 switch(x) @{
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1727 case A:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1728 x1;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1729 break;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1730 case B:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1731 x2;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1732 break;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1733 default:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1734 x3;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1735 @}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1736 @}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1737 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1738
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1739 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1740 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1741 spacing of four instead of two.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1742
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1743 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1744 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1745 @file{.emacs}:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1746
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1747 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1748 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1749 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1750
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1751 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1752
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1753 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1754 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers?
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1755 @cindex Indentation, how to customize
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1756 @cindex Customize indentation
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1757
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1758 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1759 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1760 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1761 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode,
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1762 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1763
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1764 @enumerate
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1765 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1766 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1767 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1768 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1769
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1770 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1771 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1772 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1773 one of these:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1774
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1775 @table @code
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1776 @item 0
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1777 No extra indentation.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1778 @item +
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1779 Indent one basic offset.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1780 @item -
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1781 Outdent one basic offset.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1782 @item ++
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1783 Indent two basic offsets
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1784 @item --
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1785 Outdent two basic offsets.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1786 @item *
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1787 Indent half basic offset.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1788 @item /
37079
dc7cb733ffc7 Fix a typo in the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36977
diff changeset
1789 Outdent half basic offset.
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1790 @end table
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1791
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1792 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1793 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1794 the line or the block according to what you just specified.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1795
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1796 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1797 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1798 following line to your @file{.emacs}:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1799
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1800 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1801 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset})
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1802 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1803
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1804 @noindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1805 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1806 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1807 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+},
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1808 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1809 procedure.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1810
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1811 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1812 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1813 the process there.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1814 @end enumerate
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1815
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1816 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1817 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1818
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1819 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1820 (defun my-c-mode-hook ()
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1821 (c-set-offset ...)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1822 (c-set-offset ...))
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1823 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1824 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1825
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1826 @noindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1827 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1828 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1829 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1830
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1831 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1832 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1833 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1834 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1835 @code{c-mode-common-hook}.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1836
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1837 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1838 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1839 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1840 @cindex Horizontal scrolling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1841 @cindex Scrolling horizontally
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1842
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1843 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1844 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1845 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1846 left or right edge of the window.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1847
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1848 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1849 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1850
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1851 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1852 left or right edge of the window.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1853
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1854 @itemize @minus
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1855 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1856 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1857
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1858 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1859 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1860
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1861 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1862 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1863
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1864 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1865 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1866 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1867
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1868 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1869 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1870 edge of the window.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1871
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1872 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1873 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1874 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1875
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1876 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1877 @section How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1878 @cindex @key{Insert}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1879 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1880 @cindex Overwriting existing text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1881 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1882
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1883 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1884 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1885 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1886
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1887 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1888
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1889 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1890 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 @cindex Beeping, turning off
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1892 @cindex Visible bell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1893 @cindex Bell, visible
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1894
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1895 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1896
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1897 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1898 and set the visible bell to nothing.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1899
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1900 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1901 (assuming you have one):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1902
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1903 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904 ... :vb=: ...
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1905 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1906
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1907 And evaluate the following Lisp form:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1908
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1909 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910 (setq visible-bell t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1911 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1912
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1913 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
1914 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1915 @cindex Bell, volume of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1916 @cindex Volume of bell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1917
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1918 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1919 programs with the shell command @code{xset}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1920
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1921 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1922 information, including the following:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1923
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1924 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1925 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ...
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1926 To turn bell off:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1927 -b b off b 0
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1928 To set bell volume, pitch and duration:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1929 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1930 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1931
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1932 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1933 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1934 @cindex Indenting new lines
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1935 @cindex New lines, indenting of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1936 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1937 @cindex Text indentation
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1938
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1939 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1940 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2:
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1941
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1942 @example
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diff changeset
1943 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes
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parents:
diff changeset
1944 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode,
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parents:
diff changeset
1945 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text
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parents:
diff changeset
1946 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical
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parents:
diff changeset
1947 difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
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parents:
diff changeset
1948
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parents:
diff changeset
1949 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,
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parents:
diff changeset
1950 and is an alias for it.
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parents:
diff changeset
1951
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1952 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1953 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1954 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1955
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13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1956 @cindex Prefixing lines
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1957 @cindex Fill prefix
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1958 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1959 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1960 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1961 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .}
25474
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diff changeset
1962 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter,
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1963 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1964 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1965 prefix when refilling the paragraph.
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1966
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1967 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1968 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1969 new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1970 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1971 with Emacs}.) Look up ``fill'' and ``indent'' in the Lisp Code
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1972 Directory for guidance.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1973
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1974 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests
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parents:
diff changeset
1975 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at?
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1976 @cindex Parentheses, matching
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1977 @cindex @file{paren.el}
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1978 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1979 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1980 @cindex Matching parentheses
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1981
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1982 As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded)
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1983 will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e.,
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1984 the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1985 include the line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1986
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1987 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1988 (require 'paren)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1989 @end lisp
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1990
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1991 in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko}
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1992 reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1993 your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1994
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1995 @lisp
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1996 (show-paren-mode 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1997 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1998
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1999 Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2000 customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2001 Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2002
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2003 Alternatives to paren include:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2004
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2005 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2006
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2007 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2008 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2009 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2010 the matching parenthesis.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2011
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2012 @item
40705
421e0a91a1d1 Replace M-C- with C-M-
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 40014
diff changeset
2013 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp})
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2014 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2015 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2016 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2017
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2018 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2019 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2020 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2021 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2022 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2023
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2024 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2025 ;; By an unknown contributor
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2026
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2027 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2028
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2029 (defun match-paren (arg)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2030 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %."
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2031 (interactive "p")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2032 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2033 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2034 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1)))))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2035 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2036
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2037 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2038
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2039 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2040 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2041 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2042 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2043 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2044 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2045
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2046 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2047 to try @file{cpp.el}, available at the Emacs Lisp Archive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2048 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2049
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2050 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2051 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi?
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2052 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2053 @cindex Command, repeat last
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2054 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2055
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2056 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2057 insertion/deletion.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2058
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2059 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z})
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2060 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2061 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2062
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2063 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2064 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2065 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2066 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2067 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2068 commands you've typed.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2069
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2070 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2071 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2072
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2073 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2074 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2075 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2076
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2077 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2078 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2079 @cindex Resources, X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2080 @cindex X resources
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2081 @cindex Setting X resources
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2082
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2083 @inforef{Resources X, Resources X, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2084
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2085 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2086 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2087 was compiled with the X toolkit.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2088
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2089 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2090 @section How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2091 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2092 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2093
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2094 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2095 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2096
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2097 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2098
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2099 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2100 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2101 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2102 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2103
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2104 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2105 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2106 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2107 will be inserted in the buffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2108
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2109 @item
40705
421e0a91a1d1 Replace M-C- with C-M-
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 40014
diff changeset
2110 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2111 before or around point.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2112
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2113 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2114 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2115 before point and prints its value in the echo area.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2116
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2117 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2118 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2119 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2120
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2121 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2122 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2123 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2124 instead.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2125
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2126 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2127 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2128 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2129 about them.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2130
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2131 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2132
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2133 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2134 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2135 @cindex Tab length
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2136 @cindex Length of tab character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2137 @cindex @code{default-tab-width}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2138
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2139 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2140 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2141 @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2142
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2143 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2144 (setq default-tab-width 10)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2145 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2146
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2147 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2148 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2149 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2150 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2151
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2152 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2153 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2154 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2155 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2156 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2157 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2158 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2159
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2160 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2161 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2162
37447
0bc52782144f Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 37079
diff changeset
2163 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2164 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2165 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type
37447
0bc52782144f Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 37079
diff changeset
2166 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole
0bc52782144f Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 37079
diff changeset
2167 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2168
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2169 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2170 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2171 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2172 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2173 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2174 additional information.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2175
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2176 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2177 @section How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2178 @cindex Underlining a region of text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2179 @cindex @code{underline-region}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2180
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2181 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2182
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2183 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2184 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2185 @cindex Repeating commands many times
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2186 @cindex Commands, repeating many times
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2187
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2188 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2189 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2190
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2191 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2192
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2193 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2194 @kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2195
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2196 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2197 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2198 @cindex @code{picture-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2199 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2200 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2201
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2202 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2203
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2204 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2205 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
2206 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
2207 @cindex X Window System and iconification
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2208 @cindex Suspending Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2209
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
2210 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2211 otherwise. @inforef{Misc X, Misc X, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2212
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2213 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2214 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2215 @cindex Regexps
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2216 @cindex Regular expressions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2217 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2218 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2219 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2220
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2221 @inforef{Regexps, Regexps, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2222
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2223 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2224 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2225 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2226 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2227
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2228 Note the doubled backslashes!
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2229
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2230 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2231
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2232 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2233 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2234 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2235 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2236 characters not to match.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2237
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2238 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2239 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2240 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2241 is actually typical for regexp syntax.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2242
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2243 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2244
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2245 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2246 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2247 @cindex Replacing strings across files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2248 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2249 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2250
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2251 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2252 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2253 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2254 emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2255
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2256 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2257 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2258 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2259
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2260 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2261 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2262 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2263 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2264
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2265 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2266 @code{emacs} man page.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2267
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2268 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2269 @samp{etags -H}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2270
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2271 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2272 @section How do I disable backup files?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2273 @cindex Backups, disabling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2274 @cindex Disabling backups
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2275
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2276 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2277 when something goes wrong.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2278
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2279 To avoid seeing backup files (and other "uninteresting" files) in Dired,
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2280 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2281
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2282 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2283 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
2284 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
2285 (load "dired-x")))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2286 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2287
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2288 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2289 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2290 following in your @file{.emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2291
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2292 @lisp
30692
b2cc8b3e837e (Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 30009
diff changeset
2293 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2294 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2295
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2296 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2297 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2298 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2299 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2300
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2301 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, ,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2302 emacs}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2303
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2304 @cindex Backup files in a single directory
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2305 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2306 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2307 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2308 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2309 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2310 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2311
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2312 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2313 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2314 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2315 @cindex Auto-saving
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2316 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2317
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2318 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2319 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2320 document.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2321
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2322 Instead, you might want to change the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2323 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2324 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2325 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2326
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2327 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2328 package, available from the Lisp Code Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2329 with Emacs}). This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2330 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2331 such as @file{/tmp}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2332
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2333 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2334 Save, , emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2335
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2336 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2337 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number?
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2338 @cindex Going to a line by number
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2339 @cindex Compilation error messages
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2340 @cindex Recompilation
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2341
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2342 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2343 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2344 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2345 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2346 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2347 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2348 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2349 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2350 one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2351 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2352 in that message.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2353
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2354 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2355 goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2356 and go to that line.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2357
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2358 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2359 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2360 goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2361 buffer.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2362
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2363 If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2364 it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs}
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2365 file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}:
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2366
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2367 @lisp
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2368 (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line)
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2369 @end lisp
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2370
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2371
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2372 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2373 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2374 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2375 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2376 @cindex Creating new menu options
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2377 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2378 @cindex Menus and keymaps
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2379 @cindex Keymaps and menus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2380
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2381 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers})
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2382 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2383 mouse displays that keymap's non-nil contents in the form of a menu.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2384
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2385 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2386 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2387 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2388
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2389 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2390 (define-key global-map
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2391 [menu-bar edit forward]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2392 '("Forward word" . forward-word))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2393 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2394
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2395 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2396 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2397 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2398 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2399 mode.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2400
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2401 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2402 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2403 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2404
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2405 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2406 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2407 called when that menu option is invoked.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2408
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2409 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2410 define an entirely new keymap:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2411
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2412 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2413 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2414 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words")))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2415 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2416
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2417 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2418 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2419 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2420 following code:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2421
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2422 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2423 (define-key global-map
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2424 [menu-bar words forward]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2425 '("Forward word" . forward-word))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2426 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2427
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2428 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2429 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2430 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2431 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2432 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2433 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2434
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2435 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2436 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2437 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2438 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2439
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2440 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2441 (define-key-after
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2442 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2443 [forward]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2444 '("Forward word" . forward-word)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2445 'undo)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2446 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2447
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2448 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2449 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2450 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2451 defined.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2452
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2453 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2454 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2455
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2456 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2457 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
2458 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
2459 this manual.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2460
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2461 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2462 @section How do I delete menus and menu options?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2463 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2464 @cindex Menus, deleting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2465
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2466 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2467 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2468 menus}), use:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2469
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2470 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2471 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2472 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2473
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2474 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2475 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2476 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2477 menus}), use:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2478
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2479 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2480 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2481 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2482
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2483 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2484 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2485 @cindex Syntax highlighting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2486 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2487 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2488 @cindex Colorizing text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2489 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2490
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2491 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2492 highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2493 on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2494 instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2495 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2496 a third.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2497
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2498 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2499 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2500 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2501 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2502
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2503 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2504 font-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2505
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2506 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2507 mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2508 @code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2509
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2510 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2511 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2512 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2513
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2514 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2515 can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2516 in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2517
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2518 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2519 (global-font-lock-mode 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2520 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2521
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2522 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2523 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2524 which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2525 @code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2526 @code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2527 @code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2528 particular buffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2529
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2530 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2531 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2532 work around this.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2533
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2534 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2535 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2536 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2537 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2538 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2539 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2540 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2541 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2542
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2543 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2544 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2545 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2546 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2547 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2548 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2549 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2550 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2551 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2552 possible look, then, include the line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2553
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2554 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2555 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2556 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2557
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2558 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2559 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2560 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2561 information, see the documentation for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2562 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2563 describe-variable @key{RET}}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2564
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2565 @cindex Lazy font-lock
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2566 You might also want to investigate @code{fast-lock-mode} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2567 @code{lazy-lock-mode}, versions of @code{font-lock-mode} that speed up
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2568 highlighting. These are the alternatives for @code{jit-lock-mode} in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2569 versions of Emacs before 21.1. The advantage of @code{lazy-lock-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2570 is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions are met, such
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2571 as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have finished
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2572 scrolling through text. See the documentation for @code{lazy-lock-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2573 by typing @kbd{C-h f @code{lazy-lock-mode}} (@kbd{M-x describe-function
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2574 @key{RET} lazy-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2575
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2576 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2577 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2578 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2579
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2580 For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2581 @code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2582 @email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2583
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2584 @uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2585
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2586 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2587 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2588 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2589 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript;
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2590 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name},
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2591 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2592
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2593 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2594 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2595 @cindex Scrolling only one line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2596 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrollng
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2597
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2598 Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2599
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2600 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2601 (setq scroll-step 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2602 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2603
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2604 @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2605
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2606 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2607 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2608 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2609 @cindex Replacing highlighted text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2610 @cindex Highlighing and replacing text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2611
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2612 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2613 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2614
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2615 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2616 (delete-selection-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2617 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2618
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2619 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2620 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2621 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2622
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2623 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2624 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2625 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2626 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2627
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2628 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2629 pressing @key{DEL}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2630
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2631 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2632 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2633 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2634 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2635 @cindex Microsoft files, editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2636 @cindex Windows files, editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2637
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2638 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2639 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2640 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2641
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2642 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2643 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2644 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line;
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2645 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2646 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2647
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2648 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2649 from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come with
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2650 Emacs}). Among other things, @code{crypt++} transparently modifies
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2651 MS-DOS files as they are loaded and saved, allowing you to ignore the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2652 different conventions that Unix and MS-DOS have for delineating the end
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2653 of a line.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2654
35651
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2655 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2656 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2657 @cindex One space following periods
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2658 @cindex Single space following periods
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2659 @cindex Periods, one space following
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2660
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2661 @email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2662 following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2663
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2664 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2665 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2666 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2667 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2668
35651
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2669 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2670 @section Why do I get these strange escape sequences when I run
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2671 @code{ls} from the Shell mode?
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2672 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2673 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2674
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2675 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2676 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this:
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2677
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2678 @itemize @bullet
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2679 @item
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2680 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2681 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2682 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2683 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2684 interactive sessions.
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2685
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2686 @item
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2687 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2688 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors.
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2689 @end itemize
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2690
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2691 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2692 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2693 @chapter Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2694 @cindex Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2695
38687
14401c0b4b44 (Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37806
diff changeset
2696 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get
14401c0b4b44 (Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37806
diff changeset
2697 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU
14401c0b4b44 (Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37806
diff changeset
2698 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter
38770
4cbe0f799a15 (Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38687
diff changeset
2699 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug,
4cbe0f799a15 (Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38687
diff changeset
2700 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for
38687
14401c0b4b44 (Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37806
diff changeset
2701 instructions how to do that.
14401c0b4b44 (Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37806
diff changeset
2702
14401c0b4b44 (Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37806
diff changeset
2703 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various
38770
4cbe0f799a15 (Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38687
diff changeset
2704 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms;
4cbe0f799a15 (Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38687
diff changeset
2705 type @kbd{C-h P} to read it.
38687
14401c0b4b44 (Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37806
diff changeset
2706
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2707 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2708 * Problems with very large files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2709 * ^M in the shell buffer::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2710 * Shell process exits abnormally::
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2711 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2712 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2713 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2714 * Problems talking to certain hosts::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2715 * Errors with init files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2716 * Emacs ignores X resources::
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2717 * Emacs ignores frame parameters::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2718 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2719 * Editing files with $ in the name::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2720 * Shell mode loses the current directory::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2721 * Security risks with Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2722 * Dired claims that no file is on this line::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2723 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2724
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2725 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2726 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2727 @cindex Very large files, opening
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2728 @cindex Large files, opening
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2729 @cindex Opening very large files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2730 @cindex Maximum file size
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2731 @cindex Files, maximum size
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2732
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2733 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2734 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2735 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2736 can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2737 size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2738
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2739 If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2740 you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2741 suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2742 compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2743 sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes):
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2744
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2745 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2746 #define VALBITS 26
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2747 #define GCTYPEBITS 5
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2748 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2749
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2750 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2751 This method may result in "ILLEGAL DATATYPE" and other random errors on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2752 some machines.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2753
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2754 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2755 problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2756 versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2757
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2758 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2759 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2760 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2761 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2762 must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2763 is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2764 so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2765 top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2766 integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2767 integers and pointers.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2768 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2769
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2770 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2771 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2772 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2773 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2774
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2775 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2776 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2777
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2778 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2779 file:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2780
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2781 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2782 if ($?EMACS) then
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2783 if ("$EMACS" == t) then
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2784 if ($?tcsh) unset edit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2785 stty nl
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2786 endif
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2787 endif
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2788 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2789
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2790 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2791
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2792 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2793 unset edit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2794 stty nl
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2795 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2796
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2797 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2798 @code{tcsh}. One way is:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2799
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2800 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2801 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2802 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2803
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2804 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2805 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2806 file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2807
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2808 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2809 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2810 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2811
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2812 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2813 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2814 set for this to take effect.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2815
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2816 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2817 with the following Lisp form,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2818
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2819 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2820 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2821 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2822
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2823 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2824 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2825 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2826 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2827 file:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2828
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2829 @smalllisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2830 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2831 @end smalllisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2832
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2833 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2834 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2835 start-up file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2836
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2837 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2838 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2839 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2840
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2841 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2842 @section Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2843 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2844 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2845 @cindex Process shell exited
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2846
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2847 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2848 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2849 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2850 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2851 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2852 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2853
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2854 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2855 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2856 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2857 solution for working around the problem in this case.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2858
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2859 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2860 programs, so be careful when using it.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2861
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2862 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2863 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2864 xterm was later terminated.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2865
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2866 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2867 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2868 possible causes of this message.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2869
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2870 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2871 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}?
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2872
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2873 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2874 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2875 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2876 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2877 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2878 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2879 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2880
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2881 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2882 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe")
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2883 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2884
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2885 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2886 command; if that works, put the following line into your
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2887 @file{.emacs}:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2888
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2889 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2890 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2891 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2892
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2893 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2894 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2895 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2896 the problems in those cases.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2897
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2898 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2899 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2900 @cindex Termcap
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2901 @cindex Terminfo
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2902 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2903
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2904 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2905 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2906 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2907 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2908 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2909
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2910 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2911 emacs:tc=unknown:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2912 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2913
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2914 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2915 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2916 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2917 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2918
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2919 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2920 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2921 instead.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2922
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2923 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2924 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2925 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2926 @file{.cshrc} files:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2927
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2928 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2929 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2930 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2931
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2932 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2933 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2934 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2935 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2936 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2937
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2938 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2939 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2940 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2941 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2942 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2943
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2944 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2945 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2946 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2947 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2948
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2949 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2950 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2951 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2952 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2953 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2954
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2955 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2956 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2957 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2958 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2959 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2960 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2961 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2962 Other operating systems have similar problems.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2963
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2964 Try these options:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2965
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2966 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2967
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2968 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2969 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2970
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2971 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2972 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2973
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2974 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2975 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2976 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2977
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2978 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2979 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2980 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2981 Emacs.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2982
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2983 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2984 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2985 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2986
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2987 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2988
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2989 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2990 @section Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2991 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2992 @cindex Error in init file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2993 @cindex Init file, errors in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2994 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2995 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2996
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2997 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2998 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2999 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3000 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3001
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3002 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3003 @ref{Debugging a customization file}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3004
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3005 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3006 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3007 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3008 begun}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3009
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3010 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3011 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3012 @cindex X resources being ignored
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3013 @cindex Ignored X resources
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3014 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3015
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3016 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3017 by the following environment variables:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3018
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3019 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3020
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3021 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3022 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3023 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3024
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3025 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3026
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3027 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3028 Xt toolkit.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3029
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3030 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3031 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3032 of directory names separated by colons.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3033
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3034 Emacs searches for X resources:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3035
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3036 @enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3037
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3038 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3039 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3040
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3041 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3042 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3043
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3044 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3045
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3046 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3047 or if that is unset, in the file named
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3048 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3049 the name of the machine Emacs is running on),
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3050
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3051 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3052
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3053 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3054 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3055 by the server,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3056
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3057 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3058
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3059 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3060 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3061 if it exists,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3062
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3063 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3064
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3065 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3066 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH},
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3067
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3068 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3069
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3070 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3071 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3072 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3073 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3074 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3075 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3076 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3077 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3078 is set),
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3079 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3080 or in @file{~/Emacs},
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3081
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3082 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3083
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3084 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3085 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3086
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3087 @end enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3088
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3089 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3090 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work?
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3091 @cindex Frame parameters
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3092
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3093 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3094 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3095 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3096 the parameters of all frames, change the variable
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3097 @code{default-frame-alist} instead.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3098
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3099 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3100 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3101 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3102 other frames by individually positioning each one of them.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3103
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3104
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3105 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3106 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3107 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3108 @cindex Delay when visiting files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3109 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3110
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3111 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3112 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3113 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3114
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3115 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3116 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3117 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3118 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3119 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3120
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3121 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3122 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3123 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3124 @cindex @samp{$} in file names
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3125 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3126
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3127 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3128 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3129 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3130
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3131 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3132 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3133 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3134 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3135 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3136
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3137 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3138 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3139 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3140 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3141 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3142 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3143 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3144 to handle this problem. Check the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3145 package with particular functionality}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3146
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3147 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3148 @kbd{M-x dirs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3149
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3150 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3151 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3152 @cindex Security with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3153 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3154 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3155 @cindex Synthetic X events and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3156 @cindex X events and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3157
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3158 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3159
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3160 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3161 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3162
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3163 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3164 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3165 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3166 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3167 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3168 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3169 get root privileges.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3170
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3171 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3172 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However,
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3173 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3174 should eliminate this particular risk.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3175
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3176 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3177 advantage of this configuration problem.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3178
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3179 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3180 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3181 change.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3182
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3183 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3184 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3185 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3186 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3187 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3188 feature.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3189
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3190 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3191 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-nil value.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3192
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3193 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3194 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3195 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3196 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3197 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3198
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3199 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3200
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3201 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3202 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3203 better.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3204
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3205 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3206 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3207 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3208 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3209 anything, including run other processes with your privileges.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3210
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3211 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3212 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3213 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3214 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3215 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3216 authentication method; ask your system administrator.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3217
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3218 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3219 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3220 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3221 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3222 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3223
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
3224 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3225 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3226 your X server, use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3227
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3228 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3229 xhost +
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3230 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3231
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3232 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3233 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3234 following message:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3235
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3236 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3237 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3238 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3239
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3240 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3241 allowed by name), use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3242
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3243 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3244 xhost -
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3245 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3246
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3247 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3248
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3249 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3250 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3251 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3252
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3253 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3254
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3255 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3256 @section Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3257 @cindex Dired does not see a file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3258
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3259 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3260 @c check.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3261 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3262 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3263 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3264 come out.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3265
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3266 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3267 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3268 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3269 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3270
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3271 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3272 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3273 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3274
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3275 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3276 dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3277
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3278 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3279 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3280 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3281 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3282
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3283 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3284 * Installing Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3285 * Updating Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3286 * Problems building Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3287 * Linking with -lX11 fails::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3288 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3289
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3290 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3291 @section How do I install Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3292 @cindex Installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3293 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3294 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3295 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3296 @cindex Building Emacs from source
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3297 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3298 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3299
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3300 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3301 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3302 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3303 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3304
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3305 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3306 from scratch. You will need:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3307
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3308 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3309
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3310 @item
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3311 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3312 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3313 distribution site, sources are available as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3314
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3315 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3316
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3317 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3318 instance, when Emacs 21.42 is released, it will most probably be
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3319 available as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3320
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3321 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-21.42.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3322
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3323 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3324 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3325 @file{ftp.gnu.org}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3326
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3327 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3328 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3329 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3330 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3331 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3332 them with the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3333
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3334 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3335 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3336 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3337
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3338 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3339 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3340 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3341 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3342
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3343 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3344 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3345 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3346 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3347 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3348 extraction command would look like
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3349
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3350 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3351 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3352 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3353
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3354 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3355 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3356 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3357 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3358
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3359 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3360 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3361 using the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3362
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3363 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3364 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3365 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3366
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3367 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3368 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3369 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3370 the tarfile's components.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3371
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3372 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3373
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3374 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3375 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3376 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3377 Window system support) with the following commands:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3378
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3379 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3380 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3381 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3382 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3383 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3384
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3385 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3386 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3387 successful.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3388
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3389 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3390
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3391 @table @file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3392 @item /usr/local/bin
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3393 binaries.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3394
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3395 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3396 Lisp code and support files.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3397
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3398 @item /usr/local/info
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3399 Info documentation.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3400 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3401
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3402 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3403 type
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3404
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3405 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3406 make install
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3407 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3408
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3409 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3410 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3411
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3412 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3413 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3414
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3415 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3416 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3417 @cindex Updating Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3418
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3419 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3420 installation.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3421
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3422 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3423 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3424 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3425
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3426 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3427 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3428 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3429
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3430 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3431 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3432 @cindex Problems building Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3433 @cindex Errors when building Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3434
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3435 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3436 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next,
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3437 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3438 installation and compilation problems.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3439
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3440 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it,
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3441 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3442
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3443 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3444 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3445
37806
8da84c32ff29 Avoid overfull hboxes.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37597
diff changeset
3446 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3447 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3448 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3449
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3450 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3451 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3452 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3453 @cindex lX11, linking fails with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3454
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3455 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3456 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3457
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3458 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3459 "OpenWindows Programmers" optional software category from the CD-ROM.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3460
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3461 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3462 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3463 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3464 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.''
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3465
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3466 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3467 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3468 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3469 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3470 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3471 @file{site.cf}:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3472
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3473 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3474 #define ForceNormalLib YES
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3475 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3476
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3477 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3478 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3479
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3480 @cindex X Menus don't work
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3481 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3482 @file{liboldX.a}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3483
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3484 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3485 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3486 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3487 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3488
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3489 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3490 * Finding Emacs on the Internet::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3491 * Finding a package with particular functionality::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3492 * Packages that do not come with Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3493 * Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3494 * Current GNU distributions::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3495 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3496 * Emacs for MS-DOS::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3497 * Emacs for Windows::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3498 * Emacs for OS/2::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3499 * Emacs for Atari ST::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3500 * Emacs for the Amiga ::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3501 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3502 * Emacs for Apple computers::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3503 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3504 * Modes for various languages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3505 * Translating names to IP addresses::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3506 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3507
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3508 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3509 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3510 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3511 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3512 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3513 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3514 @cindex Internet, retreiving from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3515
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3516 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for information
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3517 on nearby archive sites and @file{etc/ORDERS} for mail orders. If you
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3518 don't already have Emacs, see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3519 to get these files.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3520
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3521 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3522 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3523 archive sites that make GNU software available.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3524
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3525 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3526 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3527 @cindex Package, finding
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3528 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3529 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3530
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3531 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3532 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3533 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3534 string @samp{wordstar}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3535
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3536 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3537 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3538 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp
36344
6c3540ec3c12 (Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36301
diff changeset
3539 source to most packages contains a short description of how they
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3540 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3541 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3542 source code.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3543
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3544 If a package does not come with Emacs, check the Lisp Code Directory.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3545 The LCD was originally maintained by @email{brennan@@hal.com, Dave
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3546 Brennan}, but was recently taken over by @email{toby@@world.std.com,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3547 toby knudsen}, who maintains @uref{http://www.emacs.org}. The LCD is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3548 currently being reorganized and updated, but you can meanwhile find many
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3549 packages at @uref{ftp://ftp.emacs.org/pub}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3550
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3551 For now, you can search through the LCD with @file{lispdir.el}, which is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3552 in the process of being updated. Download it from the LCD, in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3553 @file{emacs-lisp-attic/misc} directory, and then evaluate the following
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3554 Lisp form (@pxref{Evaluating Emacs Lisp code}):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3555
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3556 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3557 (setq lisp-code-directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3558 "/anonymous@@ftp.emacs.org:pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/LCD-datafile.gz"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3559 elisp-archive-host "ftp.emacs.org"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3560 elisp-archive-directory "/pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3561 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3562
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3563 Once you have installed @file{lispdir.el}, you can use @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3564 lisp-dir-apropos} to search the listing. For example, @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3565 lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} ange-ftp @key{RET}} produces this output:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3566
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3567 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3568 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Directory Apropos --- "ange-ftp"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3569 "~/" refers to archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/elisp-archive/
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3570
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3571 ange-ftp (4.18) 15-Jul-1992
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3572 Andy Norman, <ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3573 ~/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3574 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3575 auto-save (1.19) 01-May-1992
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3576 Sebastian Kremer, <sk@@thp.uni-koeln.de>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3577 ~/misc/auto-save.el.Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3578 Safer autosaving with support for ange-ftp and /tmp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3579 ftp-quik (1.0) 28-Jul-1993
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3580 Terrence Brannon, <tb06@@pl122f.eecs.lehigh.edu>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3581 ~/modes/ftp-quik.el.Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3582 Quik access to dired'ing of ange-ftp and normal paths
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3583 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3584
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3585 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3586 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3587 @cindex Unbundled packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3588 @cindex Finding other packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3589 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3590 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3591 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, description of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3592 @cindex Archive, description of the Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3593
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3594 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3595 are looking for (@pxref{Finding a package with particular
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3596 functionality}). Next, check local archives and the Emacs Lisp Archive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3597 to find a copy of the relevant files. If you still haven't found it,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3598 you can send e-mail to the author asking for a copy. If you find Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3599 Lisp code that doesn't appear in the LCD, please submit a copy to the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3600 LCD (@pxref{Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3601
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3602 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3603
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3604 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3605
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3606 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3607 or at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3608
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3609 @uref{http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/emacs-lisp}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3610
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3611 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3612 Retrieve and read the file @file{README} first.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3613
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3614 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3615
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3616 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3617 The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3618 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3619 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3620 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3621
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3622 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3623 Any files with names ending in @file{.Z}, @file{.z}, or @file{.gz} are
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3624 compressed, so you should use "binary" mode in FTP to retrieve them.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3625 You should also use binary mode whenever you retrieve any files with
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3626 names ending in @file{.elc}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3627
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3628 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3629
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3630 @node Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Current GNU distributions, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3631 @section How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3632 @cindex Submitting code to the Emacs Lisp Archive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3633 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, submissions to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3634 @cindex Lisp Archive, submissions to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3635 @cindex Archive, submitting to the Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3636
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3637 Guidelines and procedures for submission to the archive can be found in
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3638 the file @file{GUIDELINES} in the archive directory (@pxref{Packages that
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3639 do not come with Emacs}). It covers documentation, copyrights,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3640 packaging, submission, and the Lisp Code Directory Record. Anonymous
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3641 FTP uploads are not permitted. Instead, all submissions are mailed to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3642 @email{elisp-archive@@cis.ohio-state.edu}. The @file{lispdir.el}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3643 package has a function named @code{submit-lcd-entry} which will help you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3644 with this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3645
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3646 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3647 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3648 @cindex Current GNU distributions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3649 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3650 @cindex Stuff, current GNU
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3651 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3652 @cindex Finding current GNU software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3653 @cindex Official GNU software sites
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3654
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3655 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3656
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3657 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3658
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3659 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3660 information.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3661
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3662 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3663
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3664 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3665
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3666 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3667 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid Emacs")?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3668 @cindex XEmacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3669 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3670 @cindex Lucid Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3671 @cindex Epoch
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3672
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3673 First of all, they're both GNU Emacs. XEmacs is just as much a later
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3674 version of GNU Emacs as the FSF-distributed version. This FAQ refers to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3675 the latest version to be distributed by the FSF as ``Emacs,'' partly
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3676 because the XEmacs maintainers now refer to their product using the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3677 ``XEmacs'' name, and partly because there isn't any accurate way to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3678 differentiate between the two without getting mired in paragraphs of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3679 legalese and history.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3680
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3681 XEmacs, which began life as Lucid Emacs, is based on an early version of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3682 Emacs 19 and Epoch, an X-aware version of Emacs 18.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3683
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3684 Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3685 base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities.
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
3686 XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X and MS-Windows, such as
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3687 putting arbitrary graphics in a buffer. Similar facilities have been
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3688 implemented for Emacs as part of a new redisplay implementation for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3689 Emacs 21, and are available in the latest Emacs releases.
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3690 Emacs and XEmacs each come with
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3691 Lisp packages that are lacking in the other; RMS says that the FSF would
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3692 include more packages that come with XEmacs, but that the XEmacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3693 maintainers don't always keep track of the authors of contributed code,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3694 which makes it impossible for the FSF to have certain legal papers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3695 signed. (Without these legal papers, the FSF will not distribute Lisp
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3696 packages with Emacs.) The two versions have some
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3697 significant differences at the Lisp programming level.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3698
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3699 Many XEmacs features have found their way into recent versions of Emacs,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3700 and more features can be expected in the future, but there are still many
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3701 differences between the two.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3702
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3703 The latest stable version of XEmacs as of this writing is 21.1; you can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3704 get it at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3705
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3706 @uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/current/xemacs-21.1.13.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3707
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3708 More information about XEmacs, including a list of frequently asked
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3709 questions (FAQ), is available at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3710
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3711 @uref{http://www.xemacs.org/}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3712
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3713 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3714 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3715 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3716 @cindex DOS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3717 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3718 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3719 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3720
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3721 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3722 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3723 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3724 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3725 from
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3726
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3727 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/emacs.README}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3728
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3729 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3730 directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3731
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3732 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3733
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3734 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3735 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3736 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3737 @email{eliz@@is.elta.co.il, Eli Zaretskii} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3738 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3739 following:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3740
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3741 @table @emph
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3742
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3743 @item Compiler
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3744 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3745 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3746 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3747
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3748 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3749 the files in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3750
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3751 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2*}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3752
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3753 @item Unpacking program
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3754 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3755 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3756 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3757 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3758 number), from the URL mentioned above.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3759
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3760 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3761 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3762 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3763 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3764 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3765 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully!
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3766
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3767 @item make, mv, sed, and rm
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3768 All of these utilities are available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3769
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3770 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3771
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3772 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3773
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3774 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/gnuish}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3775
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3776 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3777 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3778 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3779
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3780 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3781
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3782 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3783 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3784 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3785
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3786 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3787 look-alikes), consult the list of "Emacs implementations and literature,"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3788 available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3789
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3790 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3791
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3792 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3793 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3794
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3795 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3796 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3797 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3798 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3799 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3800 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3801
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3802 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3803 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3804
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3805 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3806
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3807 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3808
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3809 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3810
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3811 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3812
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3813 @noindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3814 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel},
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3815 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3816 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3817
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3818 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3819 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3820 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3821
35061
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3822 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3823
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3824 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip}
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3825
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3826 @noindent
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3827 and also at
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3828
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3829 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/}
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3830
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3831 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3832 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3833
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3834 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3835
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3836 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3837 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3838 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3839 @cindex TOS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3840
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3841 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3842 is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3843 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3844
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3845 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3846 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3847 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3848
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3849 The files you need are available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3850
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3851 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3852
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3853 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3854 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3855
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3856 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3857
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3858 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3859 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3860 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3861
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3862 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3863 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3864
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3865 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3866
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3867 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3868 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3869 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3870 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3871
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3872 An unofficial port of GNU Emacs 18.59 to the Macintosh is available at a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3873 number of ftp sites, the home being
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3874 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/Emacs-1.17.sit.bin}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3875
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3876 A port of Emacs 20.4 is available at
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3877 @uref{http://www.cs.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/index.html}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3878
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3879 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3880 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3881 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3882
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3883 Apple's forthcoming "OS X" is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep.
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3884 @xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3885
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3886 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3887 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3888 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3889 @cindex VMS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3890
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3891 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3892 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3893
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3894 @node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3895 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3896 @cindex Awk, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3897 @cindex @code{awk-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3898 @cindex Bison, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3899 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3900 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3901 @cindex Java, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3902 @cindex Lex mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3903 @cindex Objective-C, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3904 @cindex @code{pascal-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3905 @cindex Shell mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3906 @cindex Yacc mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3907 @cindex @file{csh} mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3908 @cindex @code{sh-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3909 @cindex @code{cc-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3910
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3911 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3912 To get additional modes, look in the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3913 a package with particular functionality}). For C@t{++}, if you use
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3914 @code{lisp-dir-apropos}, you must specify the pattern with something
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3915 like @kbd{M-x lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} c\+\+ @key{RET}}.@footnote{
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3916 The backslashes in @samp{\+\+} are required because @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3917 lisp-dir-apropos} expects a regular expression as its argument
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3918 (@pxref{Using regular expressions}), and @samp{+} has a special meaning
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3919 in regular expressions.}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3920
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3921 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3922 Java code. You can get the latest version from the Emacs Lisp Archive;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3923 @pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs} for details. A FAQ for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3924 @code{cc-mode} is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3925 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode/}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3926
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3927 @node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3928 @section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3929 @cindex Translating names to IP addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3930 @cindex IP addresses from names
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3931 @cindex Using BIND to translate addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3932 @cindex DNS and IP addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3933
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3934 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3935 included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3936 address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3937 ftp.gnu.org}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3938
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3939 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3940
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3941 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3942 files. You can get this information by e-mail:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3943
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3944 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3945 To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3946 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3947 and options - no quotes)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3948 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3949
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3950 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3951 or:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3952
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3953 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3954 To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3955 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3956 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3957
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3958 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3959 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3960 @chapter Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3961 @cindex Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3962
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3963 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3964 * VM::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3965 * Supercite::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3966 * Calc::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3967 * VIPER::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3968 * AUC-TeX::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3969 * BBDB::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3970 * Ispell::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3971 * w3-mode::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3972 * EDB::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3973 * Mailcrypt::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3974 * JDE::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3975 * Patch::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3976 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3977
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3978 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3979 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3980 @cindex VM
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3981 @cindex Alternative mail software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3982 @cindex View Mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3983 @cindex E-mail reader, VM
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3984
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3985 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3986
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3987 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3988 @email{kyle@@uunet.uu.net, Kyle Jones}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3989
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3990 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3991 6.72
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3992
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3993 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3994 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3995
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3996 @item Informational newsgroup/mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3997 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3998 Subscription requests to @email{info-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3999 Submissions to @email{info-vm@@uunet.uu.net}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4000
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4001 @item Bug reports newsgroup/mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4002 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4003 Subscription requests to @email{bug-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4004 Submissions to @email{bug-vm@@uunet.uu.net}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4005 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4006
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4007 VM 6 works with Emacs 20.4, and may cause problems with Emacs 20.3 and
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4008 below. (But note that many people seem to use Emacs 20.3 with VM 6,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4009 without any problems.) Risk-averse users might wish to try VM 5.97,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4010 available from @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4011 site}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4012
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4013 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4014 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4015 @cindex Supercite
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4016 @cindex Superyank
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4017 @cindex Mail and news citations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4018 @cindex News and mail citations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4019 @cindex Citations in mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4020
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4021 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4022
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4023 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4024 @email{bwarsaw@@cen.com, Barry Warsaw}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4025
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4026 @item Latest version
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4027 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs 20)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4028
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4029 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4030 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4031
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4032 @item Mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4033 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4034 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4035
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4036 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4037
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4038 Superyank is an old version of Supercite.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4039
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4040 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4041 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4042 @cindex Programmable calculator
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4043 @cindex Calc
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4044 @cindex Mathematical package
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4045
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4046 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4047
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4048 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4049 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4050
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4051 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4052 2.02f
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4053
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4054 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4055 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/calc-2.02f.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4056
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4057 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4058
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4059 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4060
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4061 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4062 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4063 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4064 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4065 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4066
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4067 @node VIPER, AUC-TeX, Calc, Major packages and programs
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4068 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4069 @cindex @code{vi} emulation
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4070 @cindex VIPER
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4071 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4072
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4073 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4074 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4075 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4076 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4077 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4078
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4079 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4080 better than the one distributed with Emacs:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4081
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4082 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4083 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4084 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4085
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4086 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4087 4.3
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4088
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4089 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4090 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4091
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4092 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4093
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4094 @node AUC-TeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4095 @section AUC TeX --- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4096 @cindex Mode for @TeX{}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4097 @cindex @TeX{} mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4098 @cindex AUC-TeX mode for editing @TeX{}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4099 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4100
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4101 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4102
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4103 @item Authors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4104 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup} and@*
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4105 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4106
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4107 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4108 9.9p
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4109
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4110 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4111 @uref{ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4112
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4113 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4114 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4115
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4116 @item Mailing list:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4117 Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-request@@iesd.auc.dk}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4118 Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@iesd.auc.dk}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4119 Development team is at @email{auc-tex_mgr@@iesd.auc.dk}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4120
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4121 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4122
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4123 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUC-TeX, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4124 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4125 @cindex BBDB
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4126 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4127 @cindex Integrated contact database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4128 @cindex Contact database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4129 @cindex Big Brother Database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4130 @cindex Address book
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4131
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4132 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4133
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4134 @item Maintainer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4135 @email{simmonmt@@acm.org, Matt Simmons}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4136
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4137 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4138 2.00
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4139
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4140 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4141 @uref{http://www.netcom.com/~simmonmt/bbdb/index.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4142
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4143 @item Mailing lists
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4144 Subscription requests to @email{info-bbdb-request@@xemacs.org}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4145 Submissions to @email{info-bbdb@@xemacs.org}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4146 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@xemacs.org}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4147
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4148 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4149
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4150 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4151 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4152 @cindex Spell-checker
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4153 @cindex Checking spelling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4154 @cindex Ispell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4155
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4156 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4157
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4158 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4159 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4160
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4161 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4162 3.1.20
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4163
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4164 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4165 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4166
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4167 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4168 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4169
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4170 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4171
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4172 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4173
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4174 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4175 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4176 have free e-mail.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4177
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4178 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4179 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4180 no longer a supported product.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4181
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4182 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4183
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4184 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4185 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4186 @cindex WWW browser
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4187 @cindex Web browser
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4188 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4189 @cindex @code{w3-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4190
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4191 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4192
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4193 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4194 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4195
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4196 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4197 4.0pre.39
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4198
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4199 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4200 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4201
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4202 @item Mailing lists
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4203 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4204 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4205 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4206
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4207 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4208
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4209 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4210 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4211 @cindex EDB
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4212 @cindex Database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4213 @cindex Forms mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4214
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4215 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4216 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4217 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4218
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4219 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4220 1.21
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4221
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4222 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4223 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4224
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4225 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4226
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4227 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4228 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4229 @cindex PGP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4230 @cindex GPG
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4231 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4232 @cindex News, interface to PGP from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4233 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4234 @cindex Encryption software, interface to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4235
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4236 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4237
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4238 @item Authors
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4239 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4240 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4241
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4242 @item Maintainer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4243 @email{lbudney@@pobox.com, Len Budney}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4244
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4245 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4246 3.5.3
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4247
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4248 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4249 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.3.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4250
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4251 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4252 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4253
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4254 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4255
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4256 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4257 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4258 @cindex Java development environment
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4259 @cindex Integrated Java development environment
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4260 @cindex JDE
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4261
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4262 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4263
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4264 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4265 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4266
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4267 @item Mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4268 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4269
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4270 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4271 2.1.1
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4272
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4273 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4274 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4275
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4276 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4277
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4278 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4279 @section Patch --- program to apply "diffs" for updating files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4280 @cindex Updating files with diffs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4281 @cindex Patching source files with diffs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4282 @cindex Diffs and patching
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4283 @cindex @file{patch}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4284
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4285 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4286
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4287 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4288 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4289
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4290 @item Latest version
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4291 2.5.4
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4292
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4293 @item Distribution
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4294 @xref{Current GNU distributions}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4295
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4296 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4297
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4298 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4299 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4300 @chapter Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4301 @cindex Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4302
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4303 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4304 * Binding keys to commands::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4305 * Invalid prefix characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4306 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4307 * Using function keys under X::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4308 * Working with function and arrow keys::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4309 * X key translations for Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4310 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4311 * Binding C-s and C-q::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4312 * Backspace invokes help::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4313 * stty and Backspace key::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4314 * Swapping keys::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4315 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4316 * No Meta key::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4317 * No Escape key::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4318 * Compose Character::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4319 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4320 * Meta key does not work in xterm::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4321 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4322 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4323
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4324 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4325 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4326 @cindex Binding keys to commands
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4327 @cindex Keys, binding to commands
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4328 @cindex Commands, binding keys to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4329
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4330 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4331 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4332 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4333
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4334 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4335 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4336
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4337 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4338
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4339 To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4340 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4341 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4342 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4343 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4344 command are required. For example,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4345
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4346 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4347 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4348 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4349
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4350 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4351 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4352 local, the command is used in conjunction with the "add-hook" command.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4353 For example, in tex-mode, a local binding might be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4354
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4355 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4356 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4357 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4358 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4359 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4360
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4361
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4362 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4363
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4364 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4365 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4366 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4367 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4368 to convert these into their vector or string forms.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4369
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4370 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4371 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4372 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4373 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4374
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4375 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4376 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4377 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4378 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4379
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4380 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4381 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4382 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4383
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4384 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4385 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4386 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4387 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4388
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4389 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4390
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4391 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4392 @section Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4393 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4394 @cindex Invalid prefix characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4395 @cindex Misspecified key sequences
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4396
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4397 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4398 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4399 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4400 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4401 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4402 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4403 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4404
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4405 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4406 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4407 (global-unset-key "\e[")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4408 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4409
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4410 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4411 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4412 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4413
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4414 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4415 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4416 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4417 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4418 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4419
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4420 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4421 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4422 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4423 variable to this lambda function. For example,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4424
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4425 @lisp
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4426 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4427 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4428 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") ""))
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4429 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x:
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4430 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command))))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4431 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4432
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4433 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4434 @file{lisp/startup.el} file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4435
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4436 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
4437 @section How do I use function keys under X?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4438 @cindex Function keys
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
4439 @cindex X Window System and function keys
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4440 @cindex Binding function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4441
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4442 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4443
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4444 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4445 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4446 @cindex Working with arrow keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4447 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4448 @cindex Working with function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4449 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4450 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4451
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4452 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4453 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4454 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4455 keys as well.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4456
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4457 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4458 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4459 @cindex X key translations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4460 @cindex Key translations under X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4461 @cindex Translations for keys under X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4462
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4463 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4464 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4465 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4466
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4467 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4468 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4469 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4470 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4471
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4472 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4473 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4474 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4475
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4476 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4477 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4478
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4479 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4480 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4481 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4482 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4483
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4484 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4485 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4486 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4487 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4488 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4489 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4490 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4491
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4492 Possible solutions:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4493
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4494 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4495
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4496 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4497 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4498
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4499 You need to determine the cause of the flow control.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4500
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4501 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4502
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4503 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4504 your terminal
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4505
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4506 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4507 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4508 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4509 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4510 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4511
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4512 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4513 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4514 logged in to or at some terminal server in between.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4515
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4516 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4517 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4518 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4519 include extra NUL padding characters.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4520
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4521 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4522 a modem
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4523
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4524 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4525 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4526
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4527 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4528 a router or terminal server
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4529
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4530 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4531 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4532 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4533 network experts for help with this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4534
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4535 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4536 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4537
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4538 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4539 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4540 is not necessary.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4541
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4542 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4543
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4544 @quotation
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4545 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4546 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4547 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4548 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4549
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4550 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4551 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4552 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4553 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4554
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4555 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4556 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4557 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4558 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4559
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4560 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4561
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4562 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4563
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4564 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4565 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4566
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4567 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4568 evaluating the form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4569
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4570 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4571 (enable-flow-control)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4572 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4573
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4574 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4575 to unconditionally enable flow control or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4576
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4577 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4578 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4579 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4580
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4581 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4582 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4583 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4584 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4585 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4586 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4587
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4588 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4589 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4590 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file.
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4591 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4592 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.)
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4593 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4594 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4595 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4596 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4597 smart enough to move it to another name).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4598
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4599 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4600 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4601
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4602 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4603
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4604 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4605 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4606
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4607 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4608 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4609 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4610 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4611
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4612 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control}
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4613 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4614 control}, for usage and implementation details.
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4615
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4616 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4617 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4618 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4619 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4620 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4621
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4622 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4623
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4624 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4625 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4626 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4627 actually behaves.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4628
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4629 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4630
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4631 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4632 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4633 @cindex Backspace key invokes help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4634 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4635 @cindex DEL key does not delete
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4636
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4637 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates ASCII code 8.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4638 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4639 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4640 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4641 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4642 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4643
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4644 For many people this solution may be problematic:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4645
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4646 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4647
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4648 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4649 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4650 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4651 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4652 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4653
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4654 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4655 stty erase `^?'
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4656 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4657
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4658 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4659 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4660 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4661 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4662 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4663 @key{Delete}. There are several methods.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4664
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4665 @itemize @minus
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4666 @item
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4667 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g.,
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4668 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4669 changed from a setup menu.
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4670
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4671 @item
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4672 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4673 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4674
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4675 @item
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4676 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4677 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4678 windowed displays, by customizing the option
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4679 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4680 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4681 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4682
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4683 @item
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4684 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4685 Emacs:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4686
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4687 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4688 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4689 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4690
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4691 @noindent
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4692 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4693 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4694 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}.
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4695
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4696 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4697 default deletes forward:
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4698
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4699 @lisp
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4700 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d)
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4701 @end lisp
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4702
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4703 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4704
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4705 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4706 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4707 instead:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4708
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4709 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4710 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4711
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4712 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4713 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4714 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4715
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4716 @noindent
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4717 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4718 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4719 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4720 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4721 reason, we recommend the the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4722 above.
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4723
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4724 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}.
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4725 @end itemize
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4726
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4727 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4728 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4729
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4730 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4731
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4732 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4733 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4734 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4735
39502
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4736 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4737 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4738 Manual}.
c41e104c3131 (Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39304
diff changeset
4739
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4740 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4741 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4742 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4743 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4744 @cindex Delete and @file{stty}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4745
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4746 Good question!
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4747
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4748 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4749 @c probably worth putting that explanation here.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4750
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4751 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4752 @section How do I swap two keys?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4753 @cindex Swapping keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4754 @cindex Keys, swapping
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4755 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4756
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4757 In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4758 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} into
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4759 @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4760
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4761 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4762 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4763 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4764 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4765
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4766 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4767 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4768 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4769 keymaps.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4770
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4771 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4772 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4773 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4774 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4775 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4776 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4777 translation.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4778
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4779 @inforef{Keyboard Translations, Keyboard Translations, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4780
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4781 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4782 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4783 @cindex Producing control characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4784 @cindex Generating control characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4785 @cindex Control characters, generating
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4786
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4787 On terminals (but not under X), some common "aliases" are:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4788
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4789 @table @asis
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4790
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4791 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4792 @kbd{C-@@}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4793
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4794 @item @kbd{C-6}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4795 @kbd{C-^}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4796
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4797 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4798 @kbd{C-_}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4799
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4800 @item @kbd{C-4}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4801 @kbd{C-\}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4802
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4803 @item @kbd{C-5}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4804 @kbd{C-]}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4805
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4806 @item @kbd{C-/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4807 @kbd{C-?}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4808
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4809 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4810
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4811 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4812 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4813 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4814 name of the command.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4815
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4816 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4817 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4818 @cindex No @key{Meta} key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4819 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4820
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4821 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4822
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4823 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4824 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4825 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4826 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4827 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4828
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4829 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4830 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4831 @cindex No Escape key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4832 @cindex Lacking an Escape key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4833 @cindex Escape key, lacking
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4834
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4835 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4836 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4837 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4838 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4839
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4840 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4841 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4842 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4843 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4844
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4845 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4846 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4847 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4848 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4849
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4850 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4851 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4852 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4853 command.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4854
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4855 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4856 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4857 @cindex Modifiers and function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4858 @cindex Function keys and modifiers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4859 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4860
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4861 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4862 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4863 example (from the on-line documentation):
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4864
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4865 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4866 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4867 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4868
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4869 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4870 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4871
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4872 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4873 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4874 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4875 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4876 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4877
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4878 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4879 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4880 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4881
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4882 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4883
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4884 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4885 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper},
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4886 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4887 terminals. Non-ASCII keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and
36515
9df3f07f2643 Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36383
diff changeset
4888 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4889
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4890 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4891
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4892 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4893
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4894 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4895 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4896 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4897 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4898
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4899 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4900 Support, emacs}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4901
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4902 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4903 asking for further help:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4904
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4905 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4906
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4907 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4908 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4909 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4910 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4911
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4912 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4913 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4914 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
4915 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix
39551
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4916 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4917 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-ASCII character, put this in
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4918 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file:
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4919
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4920 @example
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4921 XTerm*eightBitInput: false
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4922 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true
4e108e81543a (Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39502
diff changeset
4923 @end example
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4924
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4925 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4926 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4927 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4928 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4929 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4930
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4931 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4932 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4933 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4934 of every character.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4935
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4936 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4937 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4938 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4939
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4940 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4941 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4942 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4943 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4944 specification will do this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4945
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4946 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4947 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4948 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4949
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4950 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4951 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4952
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4953 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4954
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4955 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4956 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4957 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4958 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4959
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4960 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4961 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4962
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4963 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4964
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4965 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4966 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4967 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4968 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4969 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4970
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4971 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4972 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4973 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4974 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4975 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4976 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4977
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4978 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4979 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch'
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4980 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4981
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4982 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4983 @c solved?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4984
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4985 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4986 undesirable if you actually intend to use them.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4987
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4988 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4989 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4990 @chapter Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4991 @cindex Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4992
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4993 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4994 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4995 * Inputting eight-bit characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4996 * Kanji and Chinese characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4997 * Right-to-left alphabets::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4998 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4999
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5000 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5001 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5002 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5003 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5004
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5005 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
5006 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5007 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5008 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5009 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5010 non-ASCII characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5011 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5012 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5013 terminal coding system automatically.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5014
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5015 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5016 @section How do I input eight-bit characters?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5017 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5018 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5019 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5020
28127
ce57565effde Fix copyright lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27352
diff changeset
5021 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5022 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5023 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input
28127
ce57565effde Fix copyright lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27352
diff changeset
5024 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5025
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5026 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5027 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5028 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5029 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5030 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5031 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5032
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5033 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5034 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5035 to find and download the latest version of Emacs.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5036
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5037 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5038 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5039 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5040 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5041 @cindex Semitic alphabets
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5042 @cindex Arabic alphabets
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5043
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5044 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5045 yet support right-to-left character entry and display.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5046
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5047 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5048 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5049 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5050 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5051
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5052 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5053
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5054 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support.
36515
9df3f07f2643 Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36383
diff changeset
5055 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5056
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5057 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew};
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5058 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5059
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5060 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5061 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5062 @chapter Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5063 @cindex Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5064
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5065 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5066 * Changing the included text prefix::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5067 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5068 * Expanding aliases when sending mail::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5069 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5070 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5071 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5072 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5073 * Replying to the sender of a message::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5074 * MIME with Emacs mail packages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5075 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5076 * Reading news with Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5077 * Gnus does not work with NNTP::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5078 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5079 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5080 * Starting Gnus faster::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5081 * Catching up in all newsgroups::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5082 * Killing based on nonstandard headers::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5083 * Removing flashing messages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5084 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5085 * Gnus hangs for a long time::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5086 * Learning more about Gnus::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5087 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5088
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5089 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5090 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5091 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5092 @cindex Included text prefix, changing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5093 @cindex Setting the included text character
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5094 @cindex Quoting in mail messages
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5095
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5096 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5097 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5098 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5099
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5100 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5101
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5102 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5103 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5104 appropriate regexp.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5105
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5106 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5107 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5108 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5109 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5110 @cindex Filing outgoing mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5111 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5112 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5113
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5114 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5115 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5116 including an @samp{FCC} header.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5117
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5118 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5119 yourself by putting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5120
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5121 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5122 (setq mail-self-blind t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5123 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5124
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5125 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5126 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5127 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5128 file:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5129
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5130 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5131 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing"))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5132 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5133
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5134 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5135 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5136
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5137 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5138 components file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5139
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5140 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5141 file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5142
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5143 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5144 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5145 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5146 @cindex Mail alias expansion
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5147 @cindex Sending mail with aliases
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5148
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5149 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5150
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5151 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5152 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5153 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5154 like this one:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5155
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5156 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5157 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5158 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5159
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5160 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5161 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx})
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5162 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5163 @file{~/.mailrc} file.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5164
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5165 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5166 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5167 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5168 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5169 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5170
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5171 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5172 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5173 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5174
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5175 @lisp
34922
962646fc3a58 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 34741
diff changeset
5176 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5177 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5178
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5179 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5180 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5181 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e}
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5182 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5183 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5184
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5185 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5186 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5187 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5188
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5189 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5190 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5191 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5192 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5193 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5194 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5195
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5196 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5197 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5198 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5199 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5200 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5201
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5202 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5203 and their key bindings.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5204
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5205 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5206 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5207 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5208 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5209
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5210 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5211 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5212
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5213 RMS writes:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5214
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5215 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5216 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5217 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5218 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5219
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5220 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5221 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5222 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5223
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5224 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5225 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5226 @cindex Recovering munged mail files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5227 @cindex Rmail munged my files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5228 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5229
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5230 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5231 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5232 @kbd{C-x k}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5233
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5234 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5235 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5236 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5237 message.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5238
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5239 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5240 @cindex @code{unrmail} command
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5241 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5242 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5243 input and output file names.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5244
39304
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5245 @pindex b2m
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5246 Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5247 Emacs. @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this:
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5248
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5249 @example
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5250 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file}
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5251 @end example
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5252
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5253 @noindent
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5254 where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5255 @var{mbox-file} is the name of the file where the converted mail will
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5256 be written.
7be776e0f517 (Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38770
diff changeset
5257
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5258 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5259 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5260 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5261 @cindex Sender, replying only to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5262 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5263
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5264 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5265 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5266 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5267 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}),
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5268 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5269 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5270 best fix I've been able to come up with:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5271
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5272 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5273 (defun rmail-reply-t ()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5274 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5275 (interactive)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5276 (rmail-reply t))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5277
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5278 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook
34151
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5279 (lambda ()
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5280 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t)
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5281 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply)))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5282 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5283
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5284 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5285 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5286 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5287 @cindex Mail packages and MIME
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5288 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5289
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5290 Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5291 MacDonald Hall Jackson} at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5292
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5293 @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5294
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5295 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5296 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5297 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5298
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5299 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5300 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5301 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5302 @cindex News reader, starting automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5303 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5304
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5305 To start Emacs in Gnus:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5306
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5307 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5308 emacs -f gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5309 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5310
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5311 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5312 in Rmail:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5313
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5314 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5315 emacs -f rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5316 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5317
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5318 A more convenient way to start with Gnus:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5319
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5320 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5321 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus'
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5322 gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5323 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5324
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5325 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5326 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5327 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5328 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5329
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5330 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5331 @section How do I read news under Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5332 @cindex Reading news under Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5333 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5334 @cindex Gnus newsreader
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5335
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5336 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5337 something}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5338
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5339 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5340 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5341 @cindex Gnus and NNTP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5342 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5343
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5344 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5345 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5346 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5347 1.5.11 claims to fix this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5348
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5349 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5350
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5351 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5352 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5353 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5354
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5355 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5356 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5357 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5358 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5359
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
5360 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5361
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5362 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5363 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5364 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5365 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5366 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5367
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5368 Underlining appears like this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5369
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5370 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5371 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5372 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5373
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5374 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5375 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5376 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5377
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5378 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5379 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike ()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5380 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5381 (save-excursion
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5382 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5383 (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5384 (goto-char (point-min))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5385 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5386 (let ((next (following-char))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5387 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2))))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5388 (cond ((eq next previous)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5389 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5390 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5391 'face 'bold))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5392 ((eq next ?_)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5393 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point)))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5394 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5395 'face 'underline))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5396 ((eq previous ?_)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5397 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5398 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5399 'face 'underline))))))))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5400
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5401 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5402 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5403
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5404 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5405
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5406 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5407 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5408 automatically via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5409
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5410 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5411 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook
34151
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5412 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max))))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5413 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5414
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5415 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5416 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5417 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5418 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5419 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5420
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5421 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5422 to see a list of available commands.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5423
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5424 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5425 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5426 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5427 @cindex Starting Gnus faster
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5428 @cindex Gnus, starting faster
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5429
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5430 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5431
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5432 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5433 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5434 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5435 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5436 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5437 following settings:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5438
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5439 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5440 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5441 gnus-read-active-file 'some
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5442 gnus-nov-is-evil nil
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5443 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5444 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5445 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5446
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5447 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5448 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5449 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5450 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5451
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5452 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5453
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5454 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5455 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5456
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5457 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5458 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5459 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5460 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5461 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5462 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5463
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5464 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5465 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5466
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5467 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5468 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5469 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5470
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5471 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5472 this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5473
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5474 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5475 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5476 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5477
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5478 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5479 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5480 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5481 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5482 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5483 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5484
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5485 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5486
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5487 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5488 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5489 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5490 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5491 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5492
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5493 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5494 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5495
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5496 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5497 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5498 @cindex Hangs in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5499 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5500 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5501
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5502 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5503
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5504 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5505 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5506 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5507 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5508 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5509 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5510 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5511 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5512 so it can file the article.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5513
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5514 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5515 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5516 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5517 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5518 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5519 most folks as that update propagates around.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5520 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5521
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5522 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5523 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5524 @cindex FAQ for Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5525 @cindex Gnus FAQ
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5526 @cindex Learning more about GNU
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5527
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5528 Look for the Gnus FAQ, available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5529
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5530 @uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5531
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5532 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5533 @unnumbered Concept Index
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5534 @printindex cp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5535
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5536 @contents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5537 @bye