Mercurial > emacs
annotate doc/emacs/vc1-xtra.texi @ 112397:a7191495c39c
Include entries from yesterdays checkins that were in an unsaved buffer.
author | Ken Manheimer <ken.manheimer@gmail.com> |
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date | Fri, 21 Jan 2011 11:36:24 -0500 |
parents | ef719132ddfa |
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84271 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 |
103794 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
84271 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @c | |
6 @c This file is included either in vc-xtra.texi (when producing the | |
7 @c printed version) or in the main Emacs manual (for the on-line version). | |
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8 |
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9 @node Remote Repositories |
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10 @subsection Remote Repositories |
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11 @cindex remote repositories |
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12 |
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13 A common way of using CVS and other more advanced VCSes is to set up |
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14 a central repository on some Internet host, then have each |
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15 developer check out a personal working copy of the files on his local |
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16 machine. Committing changes to the repository, and picking up changes |
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17 from other users into one's own working area, then works by direct |
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18 interactions with the repository server. |
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19 |
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20 One difficulty is that access to a repository server is often slow, |
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21 and that developers might need to work off-line as well. While only |
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22 third-generation decentralized VCses such as GNU Arch or Mercurial |
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23 really solve this problem, VC is designed to reduce the amount of |
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24 network interaction necessary. |
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25 |
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26 If you are using a truly decentralized VCS you can skip the rest of |
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27 this section. It describes backup and local-repository techniques |
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28 that are only useful for Subversion and earlier VCSes. |
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29 |
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30 @menu |
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31 * Version Backups:: Keeping local copies of repository versions. |
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32 * Local Version Control:: Using another version system for local editing. |
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33 @end menu |
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34 |
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35 @node Version Backups |
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36 @subsubsection Version Backups |
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37 @cindex version backups |
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38 |
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39 @cindex automatic version backups |
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40 When VC sees that the repository for a file is on a remote |
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41 machine, it automatically makes local backups of unmodified versions |
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42 of the file---@dfn{automatic version backups}. This means that you |
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43 can compare the file to the repository version (@kbd{C-x v =}), or |
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44 revert to that version (@kbd{C-x v u}), without any network |
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45 interactions. |
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46 |
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47 The local copy of the unmodified file is called a @dfn{version |
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48 backup} to indicate that it corresponds exactly to a version that is |
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49 stored in the repository. Note that version backups are not the same |
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50 as ordinary Emacs backup files |
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51 @iftex |
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52 (@pxref{Backup,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}). |
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53 @end iftex |
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54 @ifnottex |
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55 (@pxref{Backup}). |
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56 @end ifnottex |
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57 But they follow a similar naming convention. |
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58 |
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59 For a file that comes from a remote repository, VC makes a |
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60 version backup whenever you save the first changes to the file, and |
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61 removes it after you have committed your modified version to the |
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62 repository. You can disable the making of automatic version backups by |
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63 setting @code{vc-cvs-stay-local} to @code{nil} (@pxref{CVS Options}). |
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64 |
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65 @cindex manual version backups |
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66 The name of the automatic version backup for version @var{version} |
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67 of file @var{file} is @code{@var{file}.~@var{version}.~}. This is |
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68 almost the same as the name used by @kbd{C-x v ~} |
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69 @iftex |
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70 (@pxref{Old Revisions,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}), |
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71 @end iftex |
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72 @ifnottex |
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73 (@pxref{Old Revisions}), |
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74 @end ifnottex |
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75 the only difference being the additional dot (@samp{.}) after the |
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76 version number. This similarity is intentional, because both kinds of |
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77 files store the same kind of information. The file made by @kbd{C-x v |
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78 ~} acts as a @dfn{manual version backup}. |
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79 |
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80 All the VC commands that operate on old versions of a file can use |
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81 both kinds of version backups. For instance, @kbd{C-x v ~} uses |
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82 either an automatic or a manual version backup, if possible, to get |
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83 the contents of the version you request. Likewise, @kbd{C-x v =} and |
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84 @kbd{C-x v u} use either an automatic or a manual version backup, if |
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85 one of them exists, to get the contents of a version to compare or |
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86 revert to. If you changed a file outside of Emacs, so that no |
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87 automatic version backup was created for the previous text, you can |
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88 create a manual backup of that version using @kbd{C-x v ~}, and thus |
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89 obtain the benefit of the local copy for Emacs commands. |
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90 |
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91 The only difference in Emacs's handling of manual and automatic |
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92 version backups, once they exist, is that Emacs deletes automatic |
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93 version backups when you commit to the repository. By contrast, |
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94 manual version backups remain until you delete them. |
84271 | 95 |
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96 @node Local Version Control |
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97 @subsubsection Local Version Control |
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98 @cindex local version control |
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99 @cindex local back end (version control) |
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100 |
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101 When you make many changes to a file that comes from a remote |
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102 repository, it can be convenient to have version control on your local |
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103 machine as well. You can then record intermediate versions, revert to |
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104 a previous state, etc., before you actually commit your changes to the |
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105 remote server. |
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106 |
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107 VC lets you do this by putting a file under a second, local version |
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108 control system, so that the file is effectively registered in two |
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109 systems at the same time. For the description here, we will assume |
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110 that the remote system is CVS, and you use RCS locally, although the |
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111 mechanism works with any combination of version control systems |
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112 (@dfn{back ends}). |
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113 |
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114 To make it work with other back ends, you must make sure that the |
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115 ``more local'' back end comes before the ``more remote'' back end in |
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116 the setting of @code{vc-handled-backends} (@pxref{Customizing VC}). By |
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117 default, this variable is set up so that you can use remote CVS and |
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118 local RCS as described here. |
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119 |
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120 To start using local RCS for a file that comes from a remote CVS |
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121 server, you must @emph{register the file in RCS}, by typing @kbd{C-u |
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122 C-x v v rcs @key{RET}}. (In other words, use @code{vc-next-action} with a |
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123 prefix argument, and specify RCS as the back end.) |
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124 |
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125 You can do this at any time; it does not matter whether you have |
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126 already modified the file with respect to the version in the CVS |
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127 repository. If possible, VC tries to make the RCS master start with |
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128 the unmodified repository version, then checks in any local changes |
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129 as a new version. This works if you have not made any changes yet, or |
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130 if the unmodified repository version exists locally as a version |
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131 backup (@pxref{Version Backups}). If the unmodified version is not |
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132 available locally, the RCS master starts with the modified version; |
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133 the only drawback to this is that you cannot compare your changes |
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134 locally to what is stored in the repository. |
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136 The version number of the RCS master is derived from the current CVS |
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137 version, starting a branch from it. For example, if the current CVS |
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138 version is 1.23, the local RCS branch will be 1.23.1. Version 1.23 in |
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139 the RCS master will be identical to version 1.23 under CVS; your first |
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140 changes are checked in as 1.23.1.1. (If the unmodified file is not |
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141 available locally, VC will check in the modified file twice, both as |
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142 1.23 and 1.23.1.1, to make the revision numbers consistent.) |
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143 |
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144 If you do not use locking under CVS (the default), locking is also |
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145 disabled for RCS, so that editing under RCS works exactly as under |
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146 CVS. |
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147 |
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148 When you are done with local editing, you can commit the final version |
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149 back to the CVS repository by typing @kbd{C-u C-x v v cvs @key{RET}}. |
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150 This initializes the log entry buffer |
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151 @iftex |
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152 (@pxref{Log Buffer,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}) |
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153 @end iftex |
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154 @ifnottex |
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155 (@pxref{Log Buffer}) |
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156 @end ifnottex |
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157 to contain all the log entries you have recorded in the RCS master; |
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158 you can edit them as you wish, and then commit in CVS by typing |
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159 @kbd{C-c C-c}. If the commit is successful, VC removes the RCS |
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160 master, so that the file is once again registered under CVS only. |
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161 (The RCS master is not actually deleted, just renamed by appending |
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162 @samp{~} to the name, so that you can refer to it later if you wish.) |
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163 |
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164 While using local RCS, you can pick up recent changes from the CVS |
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165 repository into your local file, or commit some of your changes back |
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166 to CVS, without terminating local RCS version control. To do this, |
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167 switch to the CVS back end temporarily, with the @kbd{C-x v b} command: |
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168 |
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169 @table @kbd |
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170 @item C-x v b |
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171 Switch to another back end that the current file is registered |
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172 under (@code{vc-switch-backend}). |
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173 |
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174 @item C-u C-x v b @var{backend} @key{RET} |
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175 Switch to @var{backend} for the current file. |
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176 @end table |
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177 |
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178 @kindex C-x v b |
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179 @findex vc-switch-backend |
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180 @kbd{C-x v b} does not change the buffer contents, or any files; it |
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181 only changes VC's perspective on how to handle the file. Any |
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182 subsequent VC commands for that file will operate on the back end that |
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183 is currently selected. |
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185 If the current file is registered in more than one back end, typing |
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186 @kbd{C-x v b} ``cycles'' through all of these back ends. With a |
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187 prefix argument, it asks for the back end to use in the minibuffer. |
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188 |
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189 Thus, if you are using local RCS, and you want to pick up some recent |
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190 changes in the file from remote CVS, first visit the file, then type |
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191 @kbd{C-x v b} to switch to CVS, and finally use @kbd{C-x v m |
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192 @key{RET}} to merge the news |
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193 @iftex |
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194 (@pxref{Merging,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}). |
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195 @end iftex |
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196 @ifnottex |
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197 (@pxref{Merging}). |
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198 @end ifnottex |
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199 You can then switch back to RCS by typing @kbd{C-x v b} again, and |
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200 continue to edit locally. |
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201 |
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202 But if you do this, the revision numbers in the RCS master no longer |
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203 correspond to those of CVS. Technically, this is not a problem, but |
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204 it can become difficult to keep track of what is in the CVS repository |
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205 and what is not. So we suggest that you return from time to time to |
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206 CVS-only operation, by committing your local changes back to the |
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207 repository using @kbd{C-u C-x v v cvs @key{RET}}. |
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208 |
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209 @node Revision Tags |
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210 @subsection Revision Tags |
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211 @cindex tags and version control |
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212 |
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213 In a VCS with per-file revision numbers (such as SCCS, RCS, or CVS) |
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214 @dfn{tag} is a named set of file versions (one for each registered |
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215 file) that you can treat as a unit. In a VCS with per-repository |
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216 version numbers (Subversion and most later ones) a tag is simply |
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218 |
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219 One important kind of tag is a @dfn{release}, a (theoretically) |
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220 stable version of the system that is ready for distribution to users. |
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221 |
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222 @menu |
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223 * Making Revision Tags:: The tag facilities. |
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224 * Revision Tag Caveats:: Things to be careful of when using tags. |
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225 @end menu |
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226 |
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227 @node Making Revision Tags |
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228 @subsubsection Making and Using Revision Tags |
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229 |
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230 There are two basic commands for tags; one makes a |
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231 tag with a given name, the other retrieves a named tag. |
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232 |
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233 @table @code |
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234 @kindex C-x v s |
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235 @findex vc-create-tag |
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236 @item C-x v s @var{name} @key{RET} |
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237 Define the working revision of every registered file in or under the |
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238 current directory as a tag named @var{name} |
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239 (@code{vc-create-tag}). |
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240 |
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241 @kindex C-x v r |
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242 @findex vc-retrieve-tag |
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243 @item C-x v r @var{name} @key{RET} |
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244 For all registered files at or below the current directory level, |
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245 retrieve the tagged revision @var{name}. This command will |
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246 switch to a branch if @var{name} is a branch name and your VCS |
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247 distinguishes branches from tags. |
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248 (@code{vc-retrieve-tag}). |
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249 |
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250 This command reports an error if any files are locked at or below the |
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251 current directory, without changing anything; this is to avoid |
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252 overwriting work in progress. |
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253 @end table |
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254 |
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255 Tags are inexpensive, so you need not hesitate to create them whenever |
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256 they are useful. Branches vary in cost depending on your VCS; in |
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257 older ones they may be expensive. |
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258 |
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259 You can give a tag or branch name as an argument to @kbd{C-x v =} or |
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260 @kbd{C-x v ~} |
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261 @iftex |
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262 (@pxref{Old Revisions,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}). |
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263 @end iftex |
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264 @ifnottex |
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265 (@pxref{Old Revisions}). |
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266 @end ifnottex |
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267 Thus, you can use it to compare a tagged version against the current files, |
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268 or two tagged versions against each other. |
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269 |
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270 @node Revision Tag Caveats |
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271 @subsubsection Revision Tag Caveats |
84271 | 272 |
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273 For SCCS, VC implements tags itself; these tags are visible only |
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274 through VC. Most later systems (including CVS, Subversion, bzr, git, |
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275 and hg) have a native tag facility, and VC uses it where |
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276 available; those tags will be visible even when you bypass VC. |
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277 |
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278 There is no support for VC tags using GNU Arch yet. |
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279 |
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280 Under older VCSes (SCCS, RCS, CVS, early versions of Subversion), |
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281 renaming and deletion could create some difficulties with tags. This is |
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282 not a VC-specific problem, but a general design issue in version |
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283 control systems that was not solved effectively until the earliest |
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284 third-generation systems. |
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285 |
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286 In a file-oriented VCS, when you rename a registered file you need |
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287 to rename its master along with it; the command @code{vc-rename-file} |
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288 will do this automatically. If you are using SCCS, you must also |
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289 update the records of the tag, to mention the file by its new name |
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290 (@code{vc-rename-file} does this, too). An old tag that refers to a |
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291 master file that no longer exists under the recorded name is invalid; |
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292 VC can no longer retrieve it. It would be beyond the scope of this |
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293 manual to explain enough about RCS and SCCS to explain how to update |
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294 the tags by hand. |
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295 |
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296 Using @code{vc-rename-file} makes the tag remain valid for |
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297 retrieval, but it does not solve all problems. For example, some of the |
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298 files in your program probably refer to others by name. At the very |
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299 least, the makefile probably mentions the file that you renamed. If you |
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300 retrieve an old tag, the renamed file is retrieved under its new |
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301 name, which is not the name that the makefile expects. So the program |
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302 won't really work as retrieved. |
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303 |
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304 @node Miscellaneous VC |
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305 @subsection Miscellaneous Commands and Features of VC |
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306 |
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307 This section explains the less-frequently-used features of VC. |
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308 |
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309 @menu |
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310 * Change Logs and VC:: Generating a change log file from log entries. |
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311 * Renaming and VC:: A command to rename both the source and master |
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312 file correctly. |
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313 * Version Headers:: Inserting version control headers into working files. |
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314 @end menu |
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315 |
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316 @node Change Logs and VC |
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317 @subsubsection Change Logs and VC |
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318 |
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319 If you use RCS or CVS for a program and also maintain a change log |
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320 file for it |
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321 @iftex |
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322 (@pxref{Change Log,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}), |
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323 @end iftex |
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324 @ifnottex |
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325 (@pxref{Change Log}), |
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326 @end ifnottex |
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327 you can generate change log entries automatically from the version |
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328 control log entries: |
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329 |
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330 @table @kbd |
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331 @item C-x v a |
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332 @kindex C-x v a |
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333 @findex vc-update-change-log |
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334 Visit the current directory's change log file and, for registered files |
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335 in that directory, create new entries for versions checked in since the |
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336 most recent entry in the change log file. |
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337 (@code{vc-update-change-log}). |
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339 This command works with RCS or CVS only, not with any of the other |
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340 back ends. |
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341 |
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342 @item C-u C-x v a |
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343 As above, but only find entries for the current buffer's file. |
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345 @item M-1 C-x v a |
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346 As above, but find entries for all the currently visited files that are |
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347 maintained with version control. This works only with RCS, and it puts |
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348 all entries in the log for the default directory, which may not be |
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349 appropriate. |
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350 @end table |
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351 |
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352 For example, suppose the first line of @file{ChangeLog} is dated |
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353 1999-04-10, and that the only check-in since then was by Nathaniel |
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354 Bowditch to @file{rcs2log} on 1999-05-22 with log text @samp{Ignore log |
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355 messages that start with `#'.}. Then @kbd{C-x v a} visits |
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356 @file{ChangeLog} and inserts text like this: |
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357 |
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358 @iftex |
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359 @medbreak |
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360 @end iftex |
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362 @group | |
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363 1999-05-22 Nathaniel Bowditch <nat@@apn.org> |
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364 |
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365 * rcs2log: Ignore log messages that start with `#'. |
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366 @end group |
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367 @end smallexample |
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368 @iftex |
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369 @medbreak |
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370 @end iftex |
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371 |
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372 @noindent |
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373 You can then edit the new change log entry further as you wish. |
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374 |
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375 Some of the new change log entries may duplicate what's already in |
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376 ChangeLog. You will have to remove these duplicates by hand. |
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377 |
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378 Normally, the log entry for file @file{foo} is displayed as @samp{* |
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379 foo: @var{text of log entry}}. The @samp{:} after @file{foo} is omitted |
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380 if the text of the log entry starts with @w{@samp{(@var{functionname}): |
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381 }}. For example, if the log entry for @file{vc.el} is |
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382 @samp{(vc-do-command): Check call-process status.}, then the text in |
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383 @file{ChangeLog} looks like this: |
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384 |
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385 @iftex |
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386 @medbreak |
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387 @end iftex |
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388 @smallexample |
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389 @group |
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390 1999-05-06 Nathaniel Bowditch <nat@@apn.org> |
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391 |
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392 * vc.el (vc-do-command): Check call-process status. |
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393 @end group |
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394 @end smallexample |
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395 @iftex |
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396 @medbreak |
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397 @end iftex |
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398 |
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399 When @kbd{C-x v a} adds several change log entries at once, it groups |
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400 related log entries together if they all are checked in by the same |
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401 author at nearly the same time. If the log entries for several such |
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402 files all have the same text, it coalesces them into a single entry. |
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403 For example, suppose the most recent check-ins have the following log |
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404 entries: |
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405 |
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406 @flushleft |
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407 @bullet{} For @file{vc.texinfo}: @samp{Fix expansion typos.} |
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408 @bullet{} For @file{vc.el}: @samp{Don't call expand-file-name.} |
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409 @bullet{} For @file{vc-hooks.el}: @samp{Don't call expand-file-name.} |
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410 @end flushleft |
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411 |
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412 @noindent |
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413 They appear like this in @file{ChangeLog}: |
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414 |
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415 @iftex |
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416 @medbreak |
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417 @end iftex |
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418 @smallexample |
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419 @group |
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420 1999-04-01 Nathaniel Bowditch <nat@@apn.org> |
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421 |
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422 * vc.texinfo: Fix expansion typos. |
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423 |
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424 * vc.el, vc-hooks.el: Don't call expand-file-name. |
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425 @end group |
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426 @end smallexample |
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427 @iftex |
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428 @medbreak |
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429 @end iftex |
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430 |
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431 Normally, @kbd{C-x v a} separates log entries by a blank line, but you |
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432 can mark several related log entries to be clumped together (without an |
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433 intervening blank line) by starting the text of each related log entry |
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434 with a label of the form @w{@samp{@{@var{clumpname}@} }}. The label |
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435 itself is not copied to @file{ChangeLog}. For example, suppose the log |
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436 entries are: |
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437 |
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438 @flushleft |
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439 @bullet{} For @file{vc.texinfo}: @samp{@{expand@} Fix expansion typos.} |
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440 @bullet{} For @file{vc.el}: @samp{@{expand@} Don't call expand-file-name.} |
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441 @bullet{} For @file{vc-hooks.el}: @samp{@{expand@} Don't call expand-file-name.} |
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442 @end flushleft |
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443 |
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444 @noindent |
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445 Then the text in @file{ChangeLog} looks like this: |
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446 |
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447 @iftex |
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448 @medbreak |
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449 @end iftex |
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450 @smallexample |
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451 @group |
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452 1999-04-01 Nathaniel Bowditch <nat@@apn.org> |
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453 |
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454 * vc.texinfo: Fix expansion typos. |
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455 * vc.el, vc-hooks.el: Don't call expand-file-name. |
84271 | 456 @end group |
457 @end smallexample | |
99000
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458 @iftex |
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459 @medbreak |
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460 @end iftex |
84271 | 461 |
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462 A log entry whose text begins with @samp{#} is not copied to |
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463 @file{ChangeLog}. For example, if you merely fix some misspellings in |
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464 comments, you can log the change with an entry beginning with @samp{#} |
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465 to avoid putting such trivia into @file{ChangeLog}. |
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466 |
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467 @node Renaming and VC |
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468 @subsubsection Renaming VC Work Files and Master Files |
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469 |
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470 @findex vc-rename-file |
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471 When you rename a registered file, you must also rename its master |
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472 file correspondingly to get proper results. Use @code{vc-rename-file} |
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473 to rename the source file as you specify, and rename its master file |
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474 accordingly. It also updates any tags (@pxref{Revision Tags}) that |
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475 mention the file, so that they use the new name; despite this, the |
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476 tag thus modified may not completely work (@pxref{Revision Tag Caveats}). |
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477 |
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478 Some back ends do not provide an explicit rename operation to their |
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479 repositories. After issuing @code{vc-rename-file}, use @kbd{C-x v v} |
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480 on the original and renamed buffers and provide the necessary edit |
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481 log. |
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482 |
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483 You cannot use @code{vc-rename-file} on a file that is locked by |
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484 someone else. |
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485 |
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486 @node Version Headers |
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487 @subsubsection Inserting Version Control Headers |
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488 |
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489 Sometimes it is convenient to put version identification strings |
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490 directly into working files. Certain special strings called |
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491 @dfn{version headers} are replaced in each successive version by the |
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492 number of that version, the name of the user who created it, and other |
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493 relevant information. All of the back ends that VC supports have such |
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494 a mechanism, except GNU Arch. |
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495 |
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496 VC does not normally use the information contained in these headers. |
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497 The exception is RCS---with RCS, version headers are sometimes more |
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498 reliable than the master file to determine which version of the file |
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499 you are editing. Note that in a multi-branch environment, version |
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500 headers are necessary to make VC behave correctly |
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501 @iftex |
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502 (@pxref{Multi-User Branching,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}). |
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503 @end iftex |
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504 @ifnottex |
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505 (@pxref{Multi-User Branching}). |
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506 @end ifnottex |
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507 |
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508 Searching for RCS version headers is controlled by the variable |
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509 @code{vc-consult-headers}. If it is non-@code{nil} (the default), |
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510 Emacs searches for headers to determine the version number you are |
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511 editing. Setting it to @code{nil} disables this feature. |
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512 |
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513 Note that although CVS uses the same kind of version headers as RCS |
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514 does, VC never searches for these headers if you are using CVS, |
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515 regardless of the above setting. |
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516 |
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517 @kindex C-x v h |
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518 @findex vc-insert-headers |
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519 You can use the @kbd{C-x v h} command (@code{vc-insert-headers}) to |
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520 insert a suitable header string. |
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521 |
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522 @table @kbd |
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523 @item C-x v h |
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524 Insert headers in a file for use with your version-control system. |
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525 @end table |
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526 |
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527 @vindex vc-@var{backend}-header |
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528 The default header string is @samp{@w{$}Id$} for RCS and |
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529 @samp{@w{%}W%} for SCCS. You can specify other headers to insert by |
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530 setting the variables @code{vc-@var{backend}-header} where |
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531 @var{backend} is @code{rcs} or @code{sccs}. |
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532 |
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533 Instead of a single string, you can specify a list of strings; then |
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534 each string in the list is inserted as a separate header on a line of |
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535 its own. |
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536 |
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537 It may be necessary to use apparently-superfluous backslashes when |
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538 writing the strings that you put in this variable. For instance, you |
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539 might write @code{"$Id\$"} rather than @code{"$Id@w{$}"}. The extra |
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540 backslash prevents the string constant from being interpreted as a |
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541 header, if the Emacs Lisp file containing it is maintained with |
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542 version control. |
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543 |
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544 @vindex vc-comment-alist |
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545 Each header is inserted surrounded by tabs, inside comment delimiters, |
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546 on a new line at point. Normally the ordinary comment |
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547 start and comment end strings of the current mode are used, but for |
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548 certain modes, there are special comment delimiters for this purpose; |
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549 the variable @code{vc-comment-alist} specifies them. Each element of |
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550 this list has the form @code{(@var{mode} @var{starter} @var{ender})}. |
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551 |
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552 @vindex vc-static-header-alist |
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553 The variable @code{vc-static-header-alist} specifies further strings |
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554 to add based on the name of the buffer. Its value should be a list of |
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555 elements of the form @code{(@var{regexp} . @var{format})}. Whenever |
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556 @var{regexp} matches the buffer name, @var{format} is inserted as part |
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557 of the header. A header line is inserted for each element that matches |
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558 the buffer name, and for each string specified by |
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559 @code{vc-@var{backend}-header}. The header line is made by processing the |
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560 string from @code{vc-@var{backend}-header} with the format taken from the |
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561 element. The default value for @code{vc-static-header-alist} is as follows: |
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562 |
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563 @example |
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564 @group |
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565 (("\\.c$" . |
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566 "\n#ifndef lint\nstatic char vcid[] = \"\%s\";\n\ |
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567 #endif /* lint */\n")) |
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568 @end group |
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569 @end example |
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570 |
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571 @noindent |
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572 It specifies insertion of text of this form: |
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573 |
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574 @example |
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575 @group |
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576 |
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577 #ifndef lint |
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578 static char vcid[] = "@var{string}"; |
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579 #endif /* lint */ |
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580 @end group |
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581 @end example |
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582 |
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583 @noindent |
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584 Note that the text above starts with a blank line. |
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585 |
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586 If you use more than one version header in a file, put them close |
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587 together in the file. The mechanism in @code{revert-buffer} that |
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588 preserves markers may not handle markers positioned between two version |
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589 headers. |
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590 |
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591 @node Customizing VC |
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592 @subsection Customizing VC |
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593 |
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594 @vindex vc-handled-backends |
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595 The variable @code{vc-handled-backends} determines which version |
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596 control systems VC should handle. The default value is @code{(RCS CVS |
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597 SVN SCCS Bzr Git Hg Mtn Arch)}, so it contains all the version systems |
99000
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598 that are currently supported. If you want VC to ignore one or more of |
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599 these systems, exclude its name from the list. To disable VC entirely, |
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600 set this variable to @code{nil}. |
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601 |
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602 The order of systems in the list is significant: when you visit a file |
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603 registered in more than one system (@pxref{Local Version Control}), VC |
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604 uses the system that comes first in @code{vc-handled-backends} by |
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605 default. The order is also significant when you register a file for |
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606 the first time, see |
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607 @iftex |
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608 @ref{Registering,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}, |
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609 @end iftex |
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610 @ifnottex |
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611 @ref{Registering}, |
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612 @end ifnottex |
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613 for details. |
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614 |
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615 @menu |
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616 * General VC Options:: Options that apply to multiple back ends. |
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617 * RCS and SCCS:: Options for RCS and SCCS. |
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618 * CVS Options:: Options for CVS. |
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619 @end menu |
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620 |
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621 @node General VC Options |
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622 @subsubsection General Options |
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623 |
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624 @vindex vc-make-backup-files |
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625 Emacs normally does not save backup files for source files that are |
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626 maintained with version control. If you want to make backup files even |
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627 for files that use version control, set the variable |
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628 @code{vc-make-backup-files} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
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629 |
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630 @vindex vc-keep-workfiles |
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631 Normally the work file exists all the time, whether it is locked or |
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632 not. If you set @code{vc-keep-workfiles} to @code{nil}, then checking |
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633 in a new version with @kbd{C-x v v} deletes the work file; but any |
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634 attempt to visit the file with Emacs creates it again. (With CVS, work |
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635 files are always kept.) |
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636 |
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637 @vindex vc-follow-symlinks |
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638 Editing a version-controlled file through a symbolic link can be |
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639 dangerous. It bypasses the version control system---you can edit the |
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640 file without locking it, and fail to check your changes in. Also, |
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641 your changes might overwrite those of another user. To protect against |
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642 this, VC checks each symbolic link that you visit, to see if it points |
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643 to a file under version control. |
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644 |
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645 The variable @code{vc-follow-symlinks} controls what to do when a |
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646 symbolic link points to a version-controlled file. If it is @code{nil}, |
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647 VC only displays a warning message. If it is @code{t}, VC automatically |
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648 follows the link, and visits the real file instead, telling you about |
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649 this in the echo area. If the value is @code{ask} (the default), VC |
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650 asks you each time whether to follow the link. |
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651 |
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652 @vindex vc-suppress-confirm |
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653 If @code{vc-suppress-confirm} is non-@code{nil}, then @kbd{C-x v v} |
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654 and @kbd{C-x v i} can save the current buffer without asking, and |
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655 @kbd{C-x v u} also operates without asking for confirmation. (This |
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656 variable does not affect @kbd{C-x v c}; that operation is so drastic |
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657 that it should always ask for confirmation.) |
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658 |
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659 @vindex vc-command-messages |
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660 VC mode does much of its work by running the shell commands for the |
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661 appropriate backend. If @code{vc-command-messages} is non-@code{nil}, VC |
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662 displays messages to indicate which shell commands it runs, and |
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663 additional messages when the commands finish. |
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664 |
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665 @vindex vc-path |
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666 You can specify additional directories to search for version control |
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667 programs by setting the variable @code{vc-path}. These directories |
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668 are searched before the usual search path. It is rarely necessary to |
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669 set this variable, because VC normally finds the proper files |
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670 automatically. |
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671 |
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672 @node RCS and SCCS |
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673 @subsubsection Options for RCS and SCCS |
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674 |
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675 @cindex non-strict locking (RCS) |
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676 @cindex locking, non-strict (RCS) |
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677 By default, RCS uses locking to coordinate the activities of several |
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678 users, but there is a mode called @dfn{non-strict locking} in which |
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679 you can check-in changes without locking the file first. Use |
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680 @samp{rcs -U} to switch to non-strict locking for a particular file, |
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681 see the @code{rcs} manual page for details. |
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682 |
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683 When deducing the version control state of an RCS file, VC first |
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684 looks for an RCS version header string in the file (@pxref{Version |
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685 Headers}). If there is no header string, VC normally looks at the |
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686 file permissions of the work file; this is fast. But there might be |
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687 situations when the file permissions cannot be trusted. In this case |
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688 the master file has to be consulted, which is rather expensive. Also |
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689 the master file can only tell you @emph{if} there's any lock on the |
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690 file, but not whether your work file really contains that locked |
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691 version. |
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692 |
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693 @vindex vc-consult-headers |
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694 You can tell VC not to use version headers to determine the file |
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695 status by setting @code{vc-consult-headers} to @code{nil}. VC then |
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696 always uses the file permissions (if it is supposed to trust them), or |
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697 else checks the master file. |
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698 |
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699 @vindex vc-mistrust-permissions |
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700 You can specify the criterion for whether to trust the file |
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701 permissions by setting the variable @code{vc-mistrust-permissions}. |
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702 Its value can be @code{t} (always mistrust the file permissions and |
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703 check the master file), @code{nil} (always trust the file |
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704 permissions), or a function of one argument which makes the decision. |
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705 The argument is the directory name of the @file{RCS} subdirectory. A |
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706 non-@code{nil} value from the function says to mistrust the file |
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707 permissions. If you find that the file permissions of work files are |
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708 changed erroneously, set @code{vc-mistrust-permissions} to @code{t}. |
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709 Then VC always checks the master file to determine the file's status. |
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710 |
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711 VC determines the version control state of files under SCCS much as |
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712 with RCS. It does not consider SCCS version headers, though. Thus, |
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713 the variable @code{vc-mistrust-permissions} affects SCCS use, but |
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714 @code{vc-consult-headers} does not. |
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715 |
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716 @node CVS Options |
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717 @subsubsection Options specific for CVS |
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718 |
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719 @cindex locking (CVS) |
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720 By default, CVS does not use locking to coordinate the activities of |
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721 several users; anyone can change a work file at any time. However, |
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722 there are ways to restrict this, resulting in behavior that resembles |
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723 locking. |
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724 |
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725 @cindex CVSREAD environment variable (CVS) |
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726 For one thing, you can set the @env{CVSREAD} environment variable |
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727 (the value you use makes no difference). If this variable is defined, |
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728 CVS makes your work files read-only by default. In Emacs, you must |
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729 type @kbd{C-x v v} to make the file writable, so that editing works |
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730 in fact similar as if locking was used. Note however, that no actual |
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731 locking is performed, so several users can make their files writable |
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732 at the same time. When setting @env{CVSREAD} for the first time, make |
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733 sure to check out all your modules anew, so that the file protections |
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734 are set correctly. |
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735 |
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736 @cindex cvs watch feature |
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737 @cindex watching files (CVS) |
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|
738 Another way to achieve something similar to locking is to use the |
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739 @dfn{watch} feature of CVS. If a file is being watched, CVS makes it |
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740 read-only by default, and you must also use @kbd{C-x v v} in Emacs to |
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|
741 make it writable. VC calls @code{cvs edit} to make the file writable, |
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742 and CVS takes care to notify other developers of the fact that you |
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743 intend to change the file. See the CVS documentation for details on |
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744 using the watch feature. |
84271 | 745 |
746 @vindex vc-stay-local | |
747 @vindex vc-cvs-stay-local | |
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748 @cindex remote repositories (CVS) |
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749 When a file's repository is on a remote machine, VC tries to keep |
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750 network interactions to a minimum. This is controlled by the variable |
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751 @code{vc-cvs-stay-local}. There is another variable, |
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752 @code{vc-stay-local}, which enables the feature also for other back |
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753 ends that support it, including CVS. In the following, we will talk |
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754 only about @code{vc-cvs-stay-local}, but everything applies to |
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755 @code{vc-stay-local} as well. |
84271 | 756 |
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757 If @code{vc-cvs-stay-local} is @code{t} (the default), then VC uses |
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758 only the entry in the local CVS subdirectory to determine the file's |
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Move nodes VC Directory Mode and VC Directory Commands to files.texi.
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759 state (and possibly information returned by previous CVS commands). |
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760 One consequence of this is that when you have modified a file, and |
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761 somebody else has already checked in other changes to the file, you |
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762 are not notified of it until you actually try to commit. (But you can |
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763 try to pick up any recent changes from the repository first, using |
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764 @kbd{C-x v m @key{RET}}, |
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765 @iftex |
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766 @pxref{Merging,,,emacs, the Emacs Manual}). |
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767 @end iftex |
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768 @ifnottex |
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769 @pxref{Merging}). |
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770 @end ifnottex |
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771 |
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772 When @code{vc-cvs-stay-local} is @code{t}, VC also makes local |
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773 version backups, so that simple diff and revert operations are |
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774 completely local (@pxref{Version Backups}). |
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775 |
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776 On the other hand, if you set @code{vc-cvs-stay-local} to @code{nil}, |
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777 then VC queries the remote repository @emph{before} it decides what to |
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778 do in @code{vc-next-action} (@kbd{C-x v v}), just as it does for local |
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779 repositories. It also does not make any version backups. |
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780 |
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781 You can also set @code{vc-cvs-stay-local} to a regular expression |
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782 that is matched against the repository host name; VC then stays local |
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783 only for repositories from hosts that match the pattern. |
84271 | 784 |
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785 @vindex vc-cvs-global-switches |
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786 You can specify additional command line options to pass to all CVS |
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Move nodes VC Directory Mode and VC Directory Commands to files.texi.
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787 operations in the variable @code{vc-cvs-global-switches}. These |
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Move nodes VC Directory Mode and VC Directory Commands to files.texi.
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788 switches are inserted immediately after the @code{cvs} command, before |
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Move nodes VC Directory Mode and VC Directory Commands to files.texi.
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789 the name of the operation to invoke. |