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1 .TH GFDL 1 "2001 April 23"
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2 .UC 4
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3 .SH NAME
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4 GFDL \- The GNU Free Documentation License
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5
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6 .ce
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7 Version 1.1, March 2000
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8
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9 .hy 0
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10 .na
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11 Copyright
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12 .if t \(co
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13 .if n (c)
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14 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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15 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
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16
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17 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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18 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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19 .hy 1
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20 .ad
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21
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22 .br
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23 .SH 0. PREAMBLE
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24
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25 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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26 written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
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27 the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
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28 modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
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29 this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
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30 credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
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31 modifications made by others.
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32
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33 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
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34 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
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35 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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36 license designed for free software.
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37
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38 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
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39 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
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40 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
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41 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
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42 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
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43 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
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44 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
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45
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46 .SH 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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47
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48 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
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49 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
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50 under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
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51 such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
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52 addressed as "you."
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53
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54 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
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55 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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56 modifications and/or translated into another language.
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57
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58 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
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59 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
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60 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
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61 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
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62 within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
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63 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
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64 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
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65 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
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66 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
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67 them.
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68
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69 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
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70 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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71 that says that the Document is released under this License.
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72
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73 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
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74 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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75 the Document is released under this License.
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76
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77 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
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78 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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79 general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
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80 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
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81 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
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82 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
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83 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
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84 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
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85 format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
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86 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
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87 not "Transparent" is called "Opaque."
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88
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89 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
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90 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
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91 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
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92 HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
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93 PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
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94 by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
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95 processing tools are not generally available, and the
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96 machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
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97 purposes only.
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98
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99 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
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100 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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101 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
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102 formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
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103 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
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104 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
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105
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106 .SH 2. VERBATIM COPYING
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107
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108 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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109 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
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110 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
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111 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
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112 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
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113 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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114 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
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115 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
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116 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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117
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118 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
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119 you may publicly display copies.
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120
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121 .SH 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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122
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123 If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
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124 and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
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125 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
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126 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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127 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
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128 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
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129 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
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130 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
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131 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
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132 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
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133 as verbatim copying in other respects.
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134
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135 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
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136 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
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137 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
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138 pages.
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139
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140 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
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141 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
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142 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
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143 a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
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144 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
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145 general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
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146 charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
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147 option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
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148 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
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149 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
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150 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
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151 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
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152 the public.
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153
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154 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
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155 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
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156 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
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157
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158 .SH 4. MODIFICATIONS
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159
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160 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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161 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
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162 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
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163 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
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164 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
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165 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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166 .TP
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167 A.
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168 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
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169 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
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170 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
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171 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
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172 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
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173 .TP
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174 B.
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175 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
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176 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
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177 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
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178 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
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179 .TP
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180 C.
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181 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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182 Modified Version, as the publisher.
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183 .TP
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184 D.
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185 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
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186 .TP
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187 E.
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188 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
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189 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
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190 .TP
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191 F.
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192 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
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193 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
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194 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
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195 .TP
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196 G.
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197 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
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198 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
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199 .TP
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200 H.
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201 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
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202 .TP
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203 I.
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204 Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
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205 it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
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206 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
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207 there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
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208 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
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209 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
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210 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
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211 .TP
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212 J.
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213 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
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214 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
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215 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
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216 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
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217 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
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218 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
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219 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
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220 .TP
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221 K.
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222 In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
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223 preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
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224 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
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225 and/or dedications given therein.
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226 .TP
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227 L.
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228 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
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229 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
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230 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
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231 .TP
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232 M.
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233 Delete any section entitled "Endorsements." Such a section
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234 may not be included in the Modified Version.
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235 .TP
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236 N.
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237 Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
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238 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
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239 .PP
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240 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
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241 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
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242 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
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243 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
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244 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
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245 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
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246
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247 You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
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248 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
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249 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
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250 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
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251 standard.
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252
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253 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
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254 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
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255 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
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256 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
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257 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
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258 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
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259 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
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260 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
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261 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
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262
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263 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
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264 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
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265 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
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266
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267 .SH 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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268
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269 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
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270 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
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271 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
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272 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
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273 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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274 license notice.
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275
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276 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
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277 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
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278 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
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279 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
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280 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
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281 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
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282 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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283 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
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284
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285 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
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286 in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
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287 "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
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288 and any sections entitled "Dedications." You must delete all sections
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289 entitled "Endorsements."
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290
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291 .SH 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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292
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293 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
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294 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
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295 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
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296 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
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297 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
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298
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299 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
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300 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
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301 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
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302 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
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303
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304 .SH 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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305
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306 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
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307 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
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308 distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
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309 of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
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310 compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
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311 License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
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312 with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
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313 are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
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314
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315 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
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316 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
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317 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
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318 covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
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319 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
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320
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321 .SH 8. TRANSLATION
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322
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323 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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324 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
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325 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
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326 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
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327 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
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328 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
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329 translation of this License provided that you also include the
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330 original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
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331 between the translation and the original English version of this
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332 License, the original English version will prevail.
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333
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334 .SH 9. TERMINATION
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335
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336 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
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337 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
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338 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
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339 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
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340 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
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341 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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342 parties remain in full compliance.
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343
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344 .SH 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
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345
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346 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
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347 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
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348 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
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349 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
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350 \fBhttp://www.gnu.org/copyleft/\fP.
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351
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352 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
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353 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
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354 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
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355 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
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356 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
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357 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
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358 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
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359 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
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360
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361
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362 .SH ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
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363
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364 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
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365 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
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366 license notices just after the title page:
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367
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368 .hy 0
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369 .na
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370 Copyright
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371 .if t \(co
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372 .if n (c)
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373 [\fIyear\fP] [\fIyour name\fP].
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374 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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375 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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376 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
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377 with the Invariant Sections being [\fIlist their titles\fP], with the
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378 Front-Cover Texts being [\fIlist\fP], and with the Back-Cover Texts
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379 being [\fIlist\fP].
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380 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
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381 Free Documentation License."
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382 .ad
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383 .hy 1
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384
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385 If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
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386 instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
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387 Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
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388 "Front-Cover Texts being [\fIlist\fP]"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
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389
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390 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
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391 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
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392 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
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393 to permit their use in free software.
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52401
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394
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395 .\" arch-tag: 3a15de89-40c2-46b8-a9a2-0710357a9baa
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