Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/faq.texi @ 67820:a9cbddeec059
(last_point_position_window): New variable.
(command_loop_1): Set last_point_position_window.
(syms_of_keyboard): Init it.
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 26 Dec 2005 16:31:36 +0000 |
parents | 5e3db5999d74 |
children | e188efbb47ee |
rev | line source |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*- coding: latin-1; mode: texinfo; -*- |
25474 | 2 @c %**start of header |
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3 @setfilename ../info/efaq |
25474 | 4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
7 @setchapternewpage odd | |
8 | |
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9 @c This is used in many places |
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10 @set VER 22.1 |
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11 |
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12 @copying |
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13 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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14 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 15 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
16 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 17 |
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18 @quotation |
25474 | 19 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers |
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20 (``FAQ'') may be translated into other languages, transformed into other |
25474 | 21 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. |
22 | |
23 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
24 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
25 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
26 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
27 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
28 | |
29 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
30 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
31 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
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32 |
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33 [This version has been heavily edited since it was included in the Emacs |
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34 distribution.] |
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35 @end quotation |
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36 @end copying |
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37 |
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38 @dircategory Emacs |
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39 @direntry |
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40 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs. |
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41 @end direntry |
25474 | 42 |
43 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version | |
44 @titlepage | |
45 @sp 10 | |
46 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ} | |
47 | |
48 @c The following two commands start the copyright page. | |
49 @page | |
50 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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51 @insertcopying |
25474 | 52 @end titlepage |
53 | |
54 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir) | |
55 | |
56 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}. | |
57 | |
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58 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML, |
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59 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but |
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60 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this |
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61 format. This FAQ is maintained as a part of GNU Emacs. If you find |
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62 any errors, or have any suggestions, please use @kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} |
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63 to report them. |
25474 | 64 |
65 @menu | |
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66 * FAQ notation:: |
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67 * General questions:: |
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68 * Getting help:: |
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69 * Status of Emacs:: |
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70 * Common requests:: |
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71 * Bugs and problems:: |
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72 * Compiling and installing Emacs:: |
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73 * Finding Emacs and related packages:: |
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74 * Major packages and programs:: |
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75 * Key bindings:: |
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76 * Alternate character sets:: |
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77 * Mail and news:: |
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78 * Concept index:: |
25474 | 79 @end menu |
80 | |
81 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
82 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top | |
83 @chapter FAQ notation | |
84 @cindex FAQ notation | |
85 | |
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86 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in |
25474 | 87 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time |
88 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms | |
89 used in the FAQ. | |
90 | |
91 @menu | |
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92 * Basic keys:: |
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93 * Extended commands:: |
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94 * On-line manual:: |
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95 * File-name conventions:: |
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96 * Common acronyms:: |
25474 | 97 @end menu |
98 | |
99 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation | |
40705 | 100 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.? |
25474 | 101 @cindex Basic keys |
102 @cindex Control key, notation for | |
103 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for | |
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104 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for |
25474 | 105 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of |
40705 | 106 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of |
25474 | 107 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of |
108 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of | |
109 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of | |
110 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of | |
111 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of | |
112 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of | |
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113 @cindex Notation for keys |
25474 | 114 |
115 @itemize @bullet | |
116 | |
117 @item | |
118 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key | |
119 | |
120 @item | |
121 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key | |
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122 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key}) |
25474 | 123 |
124 @item | |
125 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control} | |
126 and @key{Meta} | |
127 | |
128 @item | |
129 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above | |
130 | |
131 @item | |
132 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j} | |
133 | |
134 @item | |
135 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m} | |
136 | |
137 @item | |
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138 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as |
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139 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if |
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140 deleting invokes Emacs help) |
25474 | 141 |
142 @item | |
143 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[} | |
144 | |
145 @item | |
146 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i} | |
147 | |
148 @item | |
149 @key{SPC}: Space bar | |
150 | |
151 @end itemize | |
152 | |
153 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are | |
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154 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this: |
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155 |
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156 @display |
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157 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET} |
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158 @end display |
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159 |
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160 @noindent |
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161 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC} |
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162 really means press the space key. |
25474 | 163 |
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164 The @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value |
25474 | 165 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for |
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166 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux |
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167 terminals, the @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the |
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168 @acronym{ASCII} code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially, |
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169 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit |
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170 7@footnote{ |
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171 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is |
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172 pressed.}. |
25474 | 173 |
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174 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is @acronym{ASCII} code 127. It is a misnomer to call |
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175 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. |
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176 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate @acronym{ASCII} code 127. |
25474 | 177 |
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178 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys, |
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179 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more |
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180 information about Info.) |
25474 | 181 |
182 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation | |
183 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean? | |
184 @cindex Extended commands | |
185 @cindex Commands, extended | |
186 @cindex M-x, meaning of | |
187 | |
188 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the | |
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189 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure |
25474 | 190 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.) |
191 | |
192 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command | |
193 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any | |
194 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't | |
195 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for | |
196 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and | |
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197 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these |
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198 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command} |
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199 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function. |
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200 |
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201 @cindex @key{Do} key |
25474 | 202 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke |
203 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a | |
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204 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key. |
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205 |
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206 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating |
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207 Emacs Lisp code}. |
25474 | 208 |
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209 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation |
25474 | 210 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? |
211 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in | |
212 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual | |
213 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual | |
214 @cindex Info, finding topics in | |
215 | |
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216 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can |
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217 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by |
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218 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 219 |
220 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't | |
221 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info. | |
222 | |
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223 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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224 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}. |
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225 |
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226 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may |
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227 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them |
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228 improperly. In this case you should complain. |
25474 | 229 |
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230 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the |
25474 | 231 Emacs manual. |
232 | |
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233 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation |
25474 | 234 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}? |
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235 @cindex File-name conventions |
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236 @cindex Conventions for file names |
25474 | 237 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs |
238 | |
239 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided | |
240 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and | |
241 @file{src}. | |
242 | |
243 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start | |
244 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory | |
245 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed | |
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246 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable |
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247 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the |
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248 documentation of a variable.) |
25474 | 249 |
250 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation | |
251 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use | |
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252 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of |
25474 | 253 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last |
254 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By | |
255 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}. | |
256 | |
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257 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see |
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258 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the |
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259 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are |
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260 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?} |
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261 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}). |
25474 | 262 |
263 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and | |
264 many files from the @file{etc} directory. | |
265 | |
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266 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation |
25474 | 267 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? |
268 @cindex FSF, definition of | |
269 @cindex LPF, definition of | |
270 @cindex OSF, definition of | |
271 @cindex GNU, definition of | |
272 @cindex RMS, definition of | |
273 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for | |
274 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for | |
275 @cindex FTP, definition of | |
276 @cindex GPL, definition of | |
277 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for | |
278 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for | |
279 | |
280 @table @asis | |
281 | |
282 @item FSF | |
283 Free Software Foundation | |
284 | |
285 @item LPF | |
286 League for Programming Freedom | |
287 | |
288 @item OSF | |
289 Open Software Foundation | |
290 | |
291 @item GNU | |
292 GNU's Not Unix | |
293 | |
294 @item RMS | |
295 Richard Matthew Stallman | |
296 | |
297 @item FTP | |
298 File Transfer Protocol | |
299 | |
300 @item GPL | |
301 GNU General Public License | |
302 | |
303 @end table | |
304 | |
305 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes | |
306 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make | |
307 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a | |
308 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for | |
309 Unix systems. | |
310 | |
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311 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to |
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312 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for |
25474 | 313 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the |
314 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always | |
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315 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has |
25474 | 316 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software. |
317 | |
318 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
319 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top | |
320 @chapter General questions | |
321 @cindex General questions | |
322 | |
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323 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the |
25474 | 324 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations. |
325 | |
326 @menu | |
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327 * The LPF:: |
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328 * Real meaning of copyleft:: |
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329 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings:: |
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330 * Newsgroup archives:: |
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331 * Reporting bugs:: |
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332 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists:: |
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333 * Contacting the FSF:: |
25474 | 334 @end menu |
335 | |
336 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions | |
337 @section What is the LPF? | |
338 @cindex LPF, description of | |
339 @cindex League for Programming Freedom | |
340 @cindex Software patents, opposition to | |
341 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to | |
342 | |
343 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and | |
344 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact | |
345 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact | |
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346 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you |
25474 | 347 about the LPF. |
348 | |
349 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}. | |
350 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and | |
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351 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}. |
25474 | 352 |
353 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions | |
354 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
355 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of | |
356 @cindex GPL, real meaning of | |
357 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of | |
358 @cindex Discussion of the GPL | |
359 | |
360 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will | |
361 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope. | |
362 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to | |
363 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to | |
364 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the | |
365 extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
366 | |
367 RMS writes: | |
368 | |
369 @quotation | |
370 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
371 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
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372 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users |
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373 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make |
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374 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you |
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375 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the |
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376 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed. |
25474 | 377 @end quotation |
378 | |
379 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions | |
380 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.? | |
381 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
382 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
383 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for | |
384 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for | |
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385 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups |
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386 |
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387 @cindex GNU mailing lists |
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388 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU |
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389 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy |
25474 | 390 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it |
391 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address. | |
392 | |
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393 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs |
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394 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other |
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395 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, |
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396 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon. |
25474 | 397 |
398 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they | |
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399 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been |
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400 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to |
25474 | 401 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself. |
402 | |
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403 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on |
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404 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, |
25474 | 405 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. |
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406 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't |
25474 | 407 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to |
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408 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when |
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409 posting a followup that recommends such software. |
25474 | 410 |
411 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid | |
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412 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}). |
25474 | 413 |
414 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions | |
415 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups? | |
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416 @cindex Archived postings from @code{gnu.emacs.help} |
25474 | 417 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups |
418 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups | |
419 | |
420 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
421 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
422 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve | |
423 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
424 | |
425 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}. | |
426 | |
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427 The archive can be browsed over the web at |
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428 @uref{http://mail.gnu.org/archive/html/, the GNU mail archive}. |
25474 | 429 |
430 Web-based Usenet search services, such as | |
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431 @uref{http://groups.google.com, Google}, also archive the |
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432 @code{gnu.*} groups. |
25474 | 433 |
434 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions | |
435 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? | |
436 @cindex Bug reporting | |
437 @cindex Good bug reports | |
438 @cindex How to submit a bug report | |
439 @cindex Reporting bugs | |
440 | |
441 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
442 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
443 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of | |
444 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address | |
445 so you can be contacted for further details. | |
446 | |
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447 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting |
25474 | 448 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a |
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449 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the |
25474 | 450 manual.) |
451 | |
452 RMS says: | |
453 | |
454 @quotation | |
455 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the | |
456 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because | |
457 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of | |
458 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem. | |
459 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people | |
460 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to | |
461 receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
462 @end quotation | |
463 | |
464 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}: | |
465 | |
466 @quotation | |
467 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, | |
468 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
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469 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you. |
25474 | 470 @end quotation |
471 | |
472 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following | |
473 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS: | |
474 | |
475 @quotation | |
476 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
477 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that | |
478 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it | |
479 does, that is a bug. | |
480 @end quotation | |
481 | |
482 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions | |
483 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? | |
484 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists | |
485 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists | |
486 | |
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487 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be |
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488 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address |
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489 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are |
25474 | 490 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
491 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which | |
492 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers | |
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493 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or |
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494 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address} |
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495 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these |
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496 details. |
25474 | 497 |
498 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions | |
499 @section What is the current address of the FSF? | |
500 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF | |
501 @cindex Postal address of the FSF | |
502 @cindex Contracting the FSF | |
503 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting | |
504 | |
505 @table @asis | |
506 | |
507 @item E-mail | |
508 gnu@@gnu.org | |
509 | |
510 @item Telephone | |
511 +1-617-542-5942 | |
512 | |
513 @item Fax | |
514 +1-617-542-2652 | |
515 | |
516 @item World Wide Web | |
517 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} | |
518 | |
519 @item Postal address | |
520 Free Software Foundation@* | |
64083 | 521 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor@* |
522 Boston, MA 02110-1301@* | |
25474 | 523 USA@* |
524 | |
525 @end table | |
526 | |
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527 @cindex Ordering GNU software |
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528 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the |
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529 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
25474 | 530 |
531 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
532 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top | |
533 @chapter Getting help | |
534 @cindex Getting help | |
535 | |
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536 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs |
25474 | 537 |
538 @menu | |
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539 * Basic editing:: |
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540 * Learning how to do something:: |
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541 * Getting a printed manual:: |
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542 * Emacs Lisp documentation:: |
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543 * Installing Texinfo documentation:: |
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544 * Printing a Texinfo file:: |
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545 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs:: |
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546 * Informational files for Emacs:: |
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547 * Help installing Emacs:: |
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548 * Obtaining the FAQ:: |
25474 | 549 @end menu |
550 | |
551 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help | |
552 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
553 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs | |
554 @cindex Beginning editing | |
555 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the | |
556 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the | |
557 @cindex Help system, entering the | |
558 | |
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559 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing |
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560 @kbd{C-h} enters the help system. Starting with Emacs 22, the tutorial |
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561 is available in many foreign languages such as French, German, Japanese, |
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562 Russian, etc. Use @kbd{M-x help-with-tutorial-spec-language @key{RET}} |
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563 to choose your language and start the tutorial. |
25474 | 564 |
565 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like | |
566 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x | |
567 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any) | |
568 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET} | |
569 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key | |
570 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key | |
571 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
572 | |
573 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value | |
574 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}. | |
575 | |
576 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help | |
577 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? | |
578 @cindex Help for Emacs | |
579 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs | |
580 @cindex Reference card for Emacs | |
581 @cindex Overview of help systems | |
582 | |
583 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
584 | |
585 @itemize @bullet | |
586 | |
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587 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual |
25474 | 588 @item |
589 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info | |
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590 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h r} to display the manual in Info mode. |
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591 Typing @key{h} immediately after entering Info will provide a short |
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592 tutorial on how to use it. |
25474 | 593 |
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594 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual |
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595 @cindex Index search in a manual |
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596 @item |
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597 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain |
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598 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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599 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the |
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600 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this |
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601 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,} |
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602 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and |
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603 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the |
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604 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.) |
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605 |
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606 @cindex Apropos |
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607 @item |
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608 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word |
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609 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x |
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610 command-apropos}). |
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611 |
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612 @cindex Command description in the manual |
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613 @item |
54478 | 614 The command @kbd{C-h F} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts |
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615 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the |
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616 Emacs manual where that command is described. |
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617 |
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618 @cindex Finding commands and variables |
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619 @item |
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620 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a |
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621 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}. |
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622 |
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623 @item |
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624 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation |
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625 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x |
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626 apropos-documentation}. |
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627 |
25474 | 628 @item |
629 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a | |
630 printed manual}. | |
631 | |
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632 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages |
25474 | 633 @item |
634 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to | |
635 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), | |
636 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or | |
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637 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with |
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638 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the |
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639 reference card into several languages; look for files named |
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640 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code |
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641 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card |
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642 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}. |
25474 | 643 |
644 @item | |
645 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and | |
646 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after | |
647 @kbd{C-h}. | |
648 | |
649 @end itemize | |
650 | |
651 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help | |
652 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? | |
653 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining | |
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654 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
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655 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
25474 | 656 |
657 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For | |
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658 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
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659 |
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660 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent! |
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661 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man} |
25474 | 662 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to |
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663 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo |
25474 | 664 file}). |
665 | |
666 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{}, | |
667 you can get a PostScript version from | |
668 | |
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669 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/emacs.ps.gz} |
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670 |
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671 @cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining |
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672 An HTML version of the manual is at |
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673 |
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674 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/emacs.html} |
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675 |
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676 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line. |
25474 | 677 |
678 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help | |
679 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? | |
680 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp | |
681 @cindex Function documentation | |
682 @cindex Variable documentation | |
683 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
684 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp | |
685 | |
686 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a | |
687 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable. | |
688 | |
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689 For more information, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available |
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690 on-line, in Info format. @xref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The |
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691 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. |
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692 |
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693 You can also order a hardcopy of the manual, details on ordering it from |
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694 FSF are on the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}. |
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695 |
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696 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at |
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697 |
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|
698 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/elisp-manual/elisp.html} |
25474 | 699 |
700 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help | |
701 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
702 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing | |
703 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation | |
704 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing | |
705 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files | |
34741
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|
706 @cindex Info files, how to install |
25474 | 707 |
708 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this | |
709 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest | |
710 Texinfo package at | |
711 | |
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|
712 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.8.tar.gz} |
34741
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|
713 |
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|
714 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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|
715 distributions}). |
25474 | 716 |
717 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
34741
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|
718 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in |
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|
719 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo |
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|
720 @key{RET}}. |
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|
721 |
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|
722 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x |
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|
723 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the |
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|
724 manual you want to convert. |
25474 | 725 |
726 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the | |
34741
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|
727 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files, |
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|
728 perform these steps: |
25474 | 729 |
730 @enumerate | |
34741
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|
731 @item |
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|
732 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs |
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|
733 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that |
34741
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|
734 is. |
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|
735 |
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|
736 @item |
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|
737 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo |
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|
738 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this: |
13240ff7920b
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|
739 |
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|
740 @example |
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|
741 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file} |
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|
742 @end example |
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|
743 |
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|
744 @noindent |
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|
745 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied |
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|
746 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file |
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|
747 you produced and want to install. |
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|
748 |
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|
749 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can |
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|
750 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and |
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|
751 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are |
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|
752 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is: |
25474 | 753 |
754 @example | |
755 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
756 @end example | |
757 | |
49429
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Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
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|
758 @end enumerate |
25474 | 759 |
760 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
761 privileges, you have several options: | |
762 | |
763 @itemize @bullet | |
764 @item | |
765 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
766 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by | |
767 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in | |
34741
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|
768 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For |
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|
769 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home |
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|
770 directory, you can type this: |
25474 | 771 |
37530
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Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
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|
772 @example |
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|
773 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}} |
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774 @end example |
25474 | 775 |
776 @item | |
34741
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777 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that |
25474 | 778 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable |
779 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info | |
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780 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info}, |
25474 | 781 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
782 | |
783 @lisp | |
784 (setq Info-default-directory-list | |
785 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list)) | |
786 @end lisp | |
787 | |
788 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory | |
34741
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789 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should |
25474 | 790 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need |
791 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir} | |
792 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in | |
793 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system. | |
794 | |
795 @end itemize | |
796 | |
797 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help | |
798 @section How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
799 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file | |
800 @cindex Texinfo file, printing | |
34741
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801 @cindex Printing documentation |
25474 | 802 |
803 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have | |
804 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
805 | |
806 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps: | |
807 | |
808 @enumerate | |
809 | |
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|
810 @item |
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|
811 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: |
25474 | 812 |
813 @example | |
814 \input texinfo | |
815 @end example | |
816 | |
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817 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the |
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|
818 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as |
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|
819 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory). |
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|
820 |
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|
821 @item |
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822 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is |
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823 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a |
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|
824 printed copy. |
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|
825 |
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|
826 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution |
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|
827 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
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|
828 |
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|
829 @item |
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|
830 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for |
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|
831 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript |
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|
832 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that |
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|
833 printer. |
25474 | 834 |
835 @end enumerate | |
836 | |
837 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
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|
838 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
25474 | 839 |
840 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help | |
841 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs? | |
842 @cindex Viewing Info files | |
843 @cindex Info file viewers | |
844 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers | |
845 | |
846 Yes. Here are some alternative programs: | |
847 | |
848 @itemize @bullet | |
849 | |
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|
850 @item |
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851 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of |
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|
852 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for |
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|
853 details. |
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|
854 |
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|
855 @item |
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|
856 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X |
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|
857 Window system. You can get it at |
25474 | 858 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all |
34741
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|
859 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a |
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|
860 list of mirrors). |
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|
861 |
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|
862 @item |
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|
863 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk. |
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|
864 You can get Tkinfo at |
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|
865 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}. |
25474 | 866 |
867 @end itemize | |
868 | |
869 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help | |
870 @section What informational files are available for Emacs? | |
871 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs | |
872 @cindex Files included with Emacs | |
873 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file | |
874 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file | |
875 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file | |
876 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file | |
877 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file | |
878 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file | |
879 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file | |
880 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file | |
881 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file | |
882 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file | |
883 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file | |
884 | |
885 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
886 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project | |
887 are available for you to read. | |
888 | |
889 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the | |
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|
890 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure |
34741
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891 where that is). |
25474 | 892 |
893 @table @file | |
894 | |
895 @item COPYING | |
67483
b6000aca7291
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Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
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|
896 GNU General Public License |
25474 | 897 |
898 @item DISTRIB | |
56817
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changeset
|
899 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular Free Software |
99e9271dee93
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changeset
|
900 Foundation Order Form |
25474 | 901 |
902 @item FTP | |
903 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
904 | |
905 @item GNU | |
906 The GNU Manifesto | |
907 | |
908 @item INTERVIEW | |
909 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software | |
910 system with BYTE editors | |
911 | |
912 @item LPF | |
913 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom | |
914 | |
915 @item MACHINES | |
916 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
917 | |
918 @item MAILINGLISTS | |
919 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
920 | |
921 @item NEWS | |
34741
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922 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes |
25474 | 923 |
924 @item SERVICE | |
925 GNU Service Directory | |
926 | |
927 @item SUN-SUPPORT | |
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|
928 including ``Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs'' |
25474 | 929 |
930 @end table | |
931 | |
34741
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|
932 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's |
13240ff7920b
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|
933 Bulletin}, are at |
25474 | 934 |
935 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and | |
936 | |
937 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html} | |
938 | |
939 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help | |
940 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs? | |
941 @cindex Installation help | |
942 @cindex Help installing Emacs | |
943 | |
34741
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|
944 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see |
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|
945 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you |
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|
946 have problems with the installation. |
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|
947 |
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Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
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|
948 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're |
34741
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|
949 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell |
13240ff7920b
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|
950 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file |
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|
951 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for |
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diff
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|
952 Emacs}). |
25474 | 953 |
954 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help | |
955 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ? | |
956 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the | |
957 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the | |
958 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version | |
959 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via | |
960 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the | |
961 | |
962 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
963 | |
964 @itemize @bullet | |
965 | |
966 @item | |
34741
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|
967 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs |
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|
968 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top |
54478 | 969 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h C-f} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}). |
25474 | 970 |
971 @item | |
972 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your | |
973 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and | |
974 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you | |
975 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you | |
976 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for | |
977 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command | |
978 will do this for you at the article selection level: | |
979 | |
980 @example | |
981 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m | |
982 @end example | |
983 | |
984 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*} | |
985 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view | |
986 all articles in a newsgroup. | |
987 | |
34741
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|
988 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news |
13240ff7920b
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|
989 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news |
25474 | 990 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a |
991 while. | |
992 | |
34741
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|
993 @item |
25474 | 994 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
995 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
996 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}). |
25474 | 997 |
998 @item | |
999 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in | |
1000 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to | |
1001 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at | |
1002 | |
1003 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and | |
1004 | |
1005 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/} | |
1006 | |
1007 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives | |
1008 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be | |
1009 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a | |
1010 blank subject and containing | |
1011 | |
1012 @example | |
1013 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs | |
1014 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
1015 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
1016 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
1017 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
1018 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
1019 @end example | |
1020 | |
1021 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} | |
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Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1022 with @samp{help} and @samp{index} in the body on separate lines. |
25474 | 1023 @end itemize |
1024 | |
1025 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
1026 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top | |
1027 @chapter Status of Emacs | |
1028 @cindex Status of Emacs | |
1029 | |
34741
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|
1030 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its |
25474 | 1031 latest version status. |
1032 | |
1033 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
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|
1034 * Origin of the term Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1035 * Latest version of Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1036 * New in Emacs 20:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
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|
1037 * New in Emacs 21:: |
67483
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Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
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|
1038 * New in Emacs 22:: |
25474 | 1039 @end menu |
1040 | |
1041 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
34741
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|
1042 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from? |
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|
1043 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs'' |
25474 | 1044 @cindex Emacs name origin |
1045 @cindex TECO | |
1046 @cindex Original version of Emacs | |
1047 | |
34741
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|
1048 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked |
25474 | 1049 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at |
34741
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|
1050 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT |
25474 | 1051 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape |
1052 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended | |
34741
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|
1053 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys. |
25474 | 1054 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project |
1055 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, | |
1056 and completed by RMS. | |
1057 | |
1058 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you | |
1059 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO | |
34741
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|
1060 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not |
13240ff7920b
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|
1061 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the |
13240ff7920b
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|
1062 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs. |
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|
1063 |
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changeset
|
1064 @cindex Why Emacs? |
25474 | 1065 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
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changeset
|
1066 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name |
34741
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|
1067 conventions}). |
25474 | 1068 |
1069 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
1070 @section What is the latest version of Emacs? | |
1071 @cindex Version, latest | |
34741
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|
1072 @cindex Latest version of Emacs |
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changeset
|
1073 |
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|
1074 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing. |
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|
1075 |
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changeset
|
1076 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs |
25474 | 1077 @section What is different about Emacs 20? |
1078 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20 | |
1079 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in | |
1080 | |
54478 | 1081 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h C-n} |
25474 | 1082 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of |
1083 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at | |
1084 the top. | |
1085 | |
1086 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic; | |
1087 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was | |
1088 obvious to even the most casual user. | |
1089 | |
1090 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many | |
1091 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion | |
34741
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|
1092 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing |
13240ff7920b
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|
1093 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for |
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
1094 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion |
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changeset
|
1095 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms. |
25474 | 1096 |
1097 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the | |
1098 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20, | |
1099 and are now included with the standard distribution. | |
1100 | |
1101 | |
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|
1102 @node New in Emacs 21, New in Emacs 22, New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs |
34741
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|
1103 @section What is different about Emacs 21? |
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|
1104 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21 |
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|
1105 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in |
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|
1106 @cindex Recently introduced features |
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|
1107 |
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changeset
|
1108 @cindex Variable-size fonts |
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|
1109 @cindex Toolbar support |
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|
1110 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new |
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|
1111 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
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46655
diff
changeset
|
1112 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearance of |
34741
13240ff7920b
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|
1113 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of |
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|
1114 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and |
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|
1115 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips |
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|
1116 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties. |
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|
1117 |
36842
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Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
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changeset
|
1118 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals |
34741
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|
1119 @cindex TTY colors |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
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changeset
|
1120 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means |
34741
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|
1121 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console |
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|
1122 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}. |
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changeset
|
1123 |
67483
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1124 @node New in Emacs 22, , New in Emacs 21, Status of Emacs |
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|
1125 @section What is different about Emacs 22? |
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1126 @cindex Differences between Emacs 21 and Emacs 22 |
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|
1127 @cindex Emacs 22, new features in |
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changeset
|
1128 @cindex Recently introduced features |
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changeset
|
1129 |
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changeset
|
1130 @c FIXME: Improve this node before the 22.1 release. |
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changeset
|
1131 @cindex Default features |
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changeset
|
1132 Font-lock mode, auto-compression mode, and file name shadow mode are now |
b6000aca7291
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66325
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changeset
|
1133 enabled by default. It is now possible to follow links with |
b6000aca7291
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changeset
|
1134 @kbd{mouse-1}. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
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changeset
|
1135 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1136 @cindex Supported systems |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1137 Emacs 22 features support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 and X86-64 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1138 machines, as well as support for the Mac OS X and Cygwin operating |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1139 systems. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1140 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1141 @cindex GTK+ Toolkit |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1142 @cindex Drag-and-drop |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1143 @cindex Mouse wheel |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1144 Emacs can now be built with GTK+ widgets, and supports drag-and-drop |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1145 operation on X. Mouse wheel support is now enabled by default. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1146 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1147 @cindex New modes |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1148 Many new modes and packages have been included in Emacs, such as Leim, |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1149 Calc, Tramp and URL, as well as IDO, CUA, rcirc, conf-mode, |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1150 python-mode, table, tumme, SES, ruler, Flymake, Org, etc. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1151 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1152 @cindex Documentation |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1153 @cindex Emacs Lisp Manual |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1154 In addition, Emacs 22 now includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1155 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) and the Emacs Lisp Intro. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1156 |
25474 | 1157 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
1158 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top | |
1159 @chapter Common requests | |
1160 @cindex Common requests | |
1161 | |
1162 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1163 * Setting up a customization file:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1164 * Debugging a customization file:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1165 * Colors on a TTY:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1166 * Displaying the current line or column:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1167 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1168 * Turning on abbrevs by default:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1169 * Turning on auto-fill by default:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1170 * Associating modes with files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1171 * Working with unprintable characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1172 * Highlighting a region:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1173 * Controlling case sensitivity:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1174 * Wrapping words automatically:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1175 * Spell-checkers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1176 * Checking TeX and *roff documents:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1177 * Changing load-path:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1178 * Using an already running Emacs process:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1179 * Compiler error messages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1180 * Indenting switch statements:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1181 * Customizing C and C++ indentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1182 * Horizontal scrolling:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1183 * Overwrite mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1184 * Turning off beeping:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1185 * Turning the volume down:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1186 * Automatic indentation:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1187 * Matching parentheses:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1188 * Hiding #ifdef lines:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1189 * Repeating commands:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1190 * Valid X resources:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1191 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1192 * Changing the length of a Tab:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1193 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1194 * Underlining paragraphs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1195 * Repeating a command as many times as possible:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1196 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1197 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1198 * Using regular expressions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1199 * Replacing text across multiple files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1200 * Documentation for etags:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1201 * Disabling backups:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1202 * Disabling auto-save-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1203 * Going to a line by number:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1204 * Modifying pull-down menus:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1205 * Deleting menus and menu options:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1206 * Turning on syntax highlighting:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1207 * Scrolling only one line:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1208 * Replacing highlighted text:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1209 * Editing MS-DOS files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1210 * Filling paragraphs with a single space:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1211 * Escape sequences in shell output:: |
25474 | 1212 @end menu |
1213 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1214 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests |
25474 | 1215 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly? |
1216 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
1217 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, locating |
25474 | 1218 @cindex Init file, setting up |
1219 @cindex Customization file, setting up | |
1220 | |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
1221 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}. |
25474 | 1222 |
1223 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because | |
1224 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1225 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as | |
1226 documented. | |
1227 | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1228 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize facility, |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1229 which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. This allows |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1230 users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their @file{.emacs} |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1231 files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus rather than Lisp |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1232 code. Most packages support Customize as of this writing. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1233 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1234 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs, |
25474 | 1235 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1236 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described |
25474 | 1237 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users |
1238 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks. | |
1239 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1240 Sometimes users are unsure as to where their @file{.emacs} file should |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1241 be found. Visiting the file as @file{~/.emacs} from Emacs will find |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1242 the correct file. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1243 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1244 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1245 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1246 @cindex Colors on a TTY |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1247 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1248 @cindex Console, colors |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1249 |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
1250 In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode, |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1251 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1252 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1253 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1254 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1255 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1256 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1257 capabilities. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1258 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1259 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1260 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1261 |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1262 Syntax highlighting is on by default since version 22.1. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1263 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1264 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests |
25474 | 1265 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file? |
1266 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
1267 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging | |
1268 @cindex Init file debugging | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1269 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option |
25474 | 1270 |
1271 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This | |
1272 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs} | |
1273 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top | |
1274 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the | |
1275 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your | |
1276 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem. | |
1277 | |
1278 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function | |
1279 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the | |
1280 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x | |
1281 eval-last-sexp}). | |
1282 | |
1283 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of | |
1284 variables which you are trying to set or use. | |
1285 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1286 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests |
25474 | 1287 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
1288 @cindex @code{line-number-mode} | |
1289 @cindex Displaying the current line or column | |
1290 @cindex Line number, displaying the current | |
1291 @cindex Column, displaying the current | |
1292 @cindex @code{mode-line-format} | |
1293 | |
1294 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point | |
1295 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the | |
1296 form | |
1297 | |
1298 @lisp | |
1299 (setq line-number-mode t) | |
1300 @end lisp | |
1301 | |
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|
1302 @noindent |
25474 | 1303 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs. |
34741
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parents:
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diff
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|
1304 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1305 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1306 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1307 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}. |
25474 | 1308 |
1309 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with | |
1310 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form | |
1311 | |
1312 @lisp | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
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|
1313 (setq column-number-mode t) |
25474 | 1314 @end lisp |
1315 | |
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|
1316 @noindent |
25474 | 1317 in your @file{.emacs} file. |
1318 | |
34741
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parents:
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|
1319 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format} |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1320 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the |
25474 | 1321 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v |
1322 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use | |
1323 this variable. | |
1324 | |
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parents:
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diff
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|
1325 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1326 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
1327 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1328 instructions on how to get it. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1329 |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1330 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
1331 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number'' |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
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|
1332 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know). The @samp{setnu} package |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1333 written by @email{kyle@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} provides this |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1334 feature. So too does @samp{wb-line-number}, written by |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1335 @email{naoki.y.nakamura@@nifty.com, Naoki Nakamura}. |
25474 | 1336 |
36383
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Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1337 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1338 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name? |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1339 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1340 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar |
25474 | 1341 @cindex @code{frame-title-format} |
1342 | |
34741
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parents:
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changeset
|
1343 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable |
25474 | 1344 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable |
1345 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x | |
1346 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these | |
1347 variables.) | |
1348 | |
1349 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer | |
1350 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1351 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1352 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting |
25474 | 1353 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of |
1354 | |
1355 @lisp | |
1356 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name)) | |
1357 @end lisp | |
1358 | |
1359 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's | |
1360 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following | |
1361 in your @file{.emacs}: | |
1362 | |
1363 @lisp | |
1364 (setq frame-title-format "%b") | |
1365 @end lisp | |
1366 | |
36383
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Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1367 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests |
34741
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|
1368 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}? |
25474 | 1369 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default |
1370 | |
1371 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1372 | |
1373 @lisp | |
1374 (condition-case () | |
1375 (quietly-read-abbrev-file) | |
1376 (file-error nil)) | |
1377 | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1378 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook |
28344
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Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
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|
1379 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
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|
1380 (setq abbrev-mode t))) |
25474 | 1381 @end lisp |
1382 | |
67483
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Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
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|
1383 Starting with Emacs 22, the standard abbrevs file is read automatically |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
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|
1384 at startup, so the first of these two forms becomes unnecessary. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
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|
1385 |
25474 | 1386 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests |
1387 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default? | |
1388 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically | |
1389 @cindex Filling automatically | |
1390 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode} | |
1391 | |
1392 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
1393 auto-fill-mode}. | |
1394 | |
1395 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook | |
1396 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all | |
1397 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1398 | |
1399 @lisp | |
1400 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1401 @end lisp | |
1402 | |
1403 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1404 | |
1405 @lisp | |
1406 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) | |
1407 @end lisp | |
1408 | |
1409 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests | |
1410 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1411 @cindex Associating modes with files | |
1412 @cindex File extensions and modes | |
1413 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying | |
1414 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions | |
1415 | |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
1416 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1417 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you: |
25474 | 1418 |
1419 @lisp | |
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changeset
|
1420 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
25474 | 1421 @end lisp |
1422 | |
1423 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
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|
1424 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins |
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|
1425 with @samp{#!}): |
25474 | 1426 |
1427 @example | |
34741
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|
1428 -*- @var{foo} -*- |
25474 | 1429 @end example |
1430 | |
34741
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|
1431 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts |
25474 | 1432 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist} |
1433 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs | |
1434 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
1435 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't |
25474 | 1436 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x |
1437 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more. | |
1438 | |
1439 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests | |
1440 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters? | |
1441 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with | |
1442 @cindex Working with unprintable characters | |
1443 @cindex Control characters, working with | |
1444 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with | |
1445 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters | |
1446 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters | |
1447 | |
1448 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1449 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes | |
1450 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).) | |
34741
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|
1451 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a |
13240ff7920b
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|
1452 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for |
13240ff7920b
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|
1453 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable |
25474 | 1454 chars. |
1455 | |
1456 @itemize @bullet | |
1457 | |
1458 @item | |
1459 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1460 | |
1461 @item | |
1462 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1463 | |
1464 @end itemize | |
1465 | |
1466 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1467 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to | |
1468 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand | |
1469 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So, | |
1470 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}: | |
1471 | |
1472 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}} | |
1473 | |
1474 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}: | |
1475 | |
40705 | 1476 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]} |
25474 | 1477 |
1478 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp: | |
1479 | |
1480 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}} | |
1481 | |
1482 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable | |
1483 characters with a colon, use: | |
1484 | |
1485 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET} | |
1486 | |
1487 @itemize @bullet | |
1488 | |
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|
1489 @item |
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changeset
|
1490 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing |
25474 | 1491 something in the minibuffer. |
1492 | |
1493 @end itemize | |
1494 | |
1495 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests | |
1496 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1497 @cindex Highlighting text | |
1498 @cindex Text, highlighting | |
1499 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode} | |
1500 @cindex Region, highlighting a | |
1501 | |
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|
1502 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by |
d4b1acaf82b0
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|
1503 including |
25474 | 1504 |
1505 @lisp | |
1506 (transient-mark-mode t) | |
1507 @end lisp | |
1508 | |
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|
1509 @noindent |
34741
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|
1510 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax |
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|
1511 highlighting}.) |
25474 | 1512 |
1513 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests | |
1514 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1515 @cindex @code{case-fold-search} | |
1516 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches | |
1517 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity | |
1518 @cindex Ignoring case in searches | |
1519 | |
1520 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search} | |
1521 determines whether they are case sensitive: | |
1522 | |
1523 @lisp | |
1524 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1525 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1526 @end lisp | |
1527 | |
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|
1528 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements |
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|
1529 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity |
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|
1530 @cindex @code{case-replace} |
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|
1531 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines |
25474 | 1532 whether replacements preserve case. |
1533 | |
67483
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|
1534 You can also toggle case sensitivity at will in isearch with @kbd{M-c}. |
b6000aca7291
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|
1535 |
25474 | 1536 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major |
1537 mode's hook. For example: | |
1538 | |
1539 @lisp | |
34741
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|
1540 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook |
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|
1541 (lambda () |
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|
1542 (setq case-fold-search nil))) |
25474 | 1543 @end lisp |
1544 | |
1545 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests | |
1546 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1547 @cindex Wrapping word automatically | |
34741
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|
1548 @cindex Wrapping lines |
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|
1549 @cindex Line wrap |
25474 | 1550 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to |
1551 @cindex Maximum line width, default value | |
1552 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value | |
1553 | |
1554 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}. | |
1555 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable | |
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1556 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1557 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}. |
25474 | 1558 |
1559 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests | |
1560 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1561 @cindex Checking spelling | |
1562 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents | |
1563 | |
1564 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}. | |
1565 | |
1566 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests | |
1567 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents? | |
1568 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents | |
1569 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in | |
1570 | |
1571 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents. | |
1572 @xref{Ispell}. | |
1573 | |
1574 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests | |
1575 @section How do I change @code{load-path}? | |
1576 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying | |
1577 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path} | |
1578 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path} | |
1579 | |
1580 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add | |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1581 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this: |
25474 | 1582 |
1583 @lisp | |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1584 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1585 @end lisp |
1586 | |
1587 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1588 | |
1589 @lisp | |
59402
7497bd0e03ee
(Changing load-path): Fix typo.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56833
diff
changeset
|
1590 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1591 @end lisp |
1592 | |
1593 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests | |
1594 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1595 @cindex @code{emacsclient} | |
1596 @cindex Emacs server functions | |
1597 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process | |
1598 | |
1599 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using | |
1600 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does | |
1601 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be | |
1602 expecting the request. | |
1603 | |
1604 @itemize @bullet | |
1605 | |
1606 @item | |
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parents:
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changeset
|
1607 Setup: |
25474 | 1608 |
1609 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for | |
1610 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line | |
1611 option: | |
1612 | |
1613 @example | |
1614 emacs -f server-start | |
1615 @end example | |
1616 | |
1617 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}: | |
1618 | |
1619 @lisp | |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1620 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start)) |
25474 | 1621 @end lisp |
1622 | |
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Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1623 When this is done, Emacs creates a Unix domain socket named |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1624 @file{server} in @file{/tmp/emacs@var{userid}}. See |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1625 @code{server-socket-dir}. |
25474 | 1626 |
1627 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke | |
1628 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR} | |
1629 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may | |
1630 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program | |
1631 instead. Examples: | |
1632 | |
1633 @example | |
1634 # csh commands: | |
1635 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1636 | |
1637 # using full pathname | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
1638 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient |
25474 | 1639 |
1640 # sh command: | |
1641 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR | |
1642 @end example | |
1643 | |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1644 @item |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1645 Normal use: |
25474 | 1646 |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1647 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the socket and passes its |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1648 command line options to Emacs, which at the next opportunity will visit |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1649 the files specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1650 Emacs.) The user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1651 the user is done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1652 @kbd{M-x server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1653 requested by @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1654 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue. |
25474 | 1655 |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1656 @cindex @code{gnuserv} |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1657 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient} called |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1658 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman} |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1659 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1660 Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most network connections. |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1661 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1662 The most recent @samp{gnuserv} package is available at |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1663 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1664 @uref{http://meltin.net/hacks/emacs/} |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1665 |
25474 | 1666 @end itemize |
1667 | |
1668 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests | |
1669 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1670 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing | |
1671 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors | |
1672 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors | |
1673 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler | |
1674 | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1675 Customize the @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} variable. |
25474 | 1676 |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1677 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests |
25474 | 1678 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}? |
1679 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting | |
1680 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch} | |
1681 | |
1682 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this: | |
1683 | |
1684 @example | |
1685 f() | |
1686 @{ | |
1687 switch(x) @{ | |
1688 case A: | |
1689 x1; | |
1690 break; | |
1691 case B: | |
1692 x2; | |
1693 break; | |
1694 default: | |
1695 x3; | |
1696 @} | |
1697 @} | |
1698 @end example | |
1699 | |
1700 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and | |
1701 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation | |
1702 spacing of four instead of two. | |
1703 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1704 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
1705 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to your |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1706 @file{.emacs}: |
25474 | 1707 |
1708 @lisp | |
1709 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+) | |
1710 @end lisp | |
1711 | |
1712 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}. | |
1713 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1714 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1715 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1716 @cindex Indentation, how to customize |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1717 @cindex Customize indentation |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1718 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1719 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1720 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1721 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1722 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1723 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1724 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1725 @enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1726 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1727 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1728 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1729 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1730 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1731 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1732 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1733 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1734 one of these: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1735 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1736 @table @code |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1737 @item 0 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1738 No extra indentation. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1739 @item + |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1740 Indent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1741 @item - |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1742 Outdent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1743 @item ++ |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1744 Indent two basic offsets |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1745 @item -- |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1746 Outdent two basic offsets. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1747 @item * |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1748 Indent half basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1749 @item / |
37079
dc7cb733ffc7
Fix a typo in the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36977
diff
changeset
|
1750 Outdent half basic offset. |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1751 @end table |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1752 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1753 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1754 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1755 the line or the block according to what you just specified. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1756 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1757 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1758 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1759 following line to your @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1760 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1761 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1762 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset}) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1763 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1764 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1765 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1766 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1767 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1768 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1769 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1770 procedure. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1771 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1772 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1773 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1774 the process there. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1775 @end enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1776 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1777 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1778 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1779 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1780 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1781 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1782 (c-set-offset ...) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1783 (c-set-offset ...)) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1784 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1785 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1786 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1787 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1788 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1789 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1790 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1791 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1792 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1793 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1794 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1795 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1796 @code{c-mode-common-hook}. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1797 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1798 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests |
25474 | 1799 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
1800 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode} | |
1801 @cindex Horizontal scrolling | |
1802 @cindex Scrolling horizontally | |
1803 | |
34741
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parents:
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|
1804 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1805 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
1806 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1807 left or right edge of the window. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
1808 |
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|
1809 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from |
25474 | 1810 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}: |
1811 | |
1812 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the | |
49429
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parents:
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|
1813 left or right edge of the window. |
25474 | 1814 |
1815 @itemize @minus | |
34741
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|
1816 @item |
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parents:
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|
1817 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer. |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1818 |
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|
1819 @item |
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parents:
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|
1820 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1821 |
13240ff7920b
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|
1822 @item |
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|
1823 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in: |
25474 | 1824 |
1825 @lisp | |
1826 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll) | |
1827 @end lisp | |
1828 | |
34741
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|
1829 @item |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1830 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
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Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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|
1831 edge of the window. |
25474 | 1832 |
34741
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|
1833 @item |
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|
1834 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so. |
25474 | 1835 @end itemize |
1836 | |
1837 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests | |
56817
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Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1838 @section How do I make Emacs ``typeover'' or ``overwrite'' instead of inserting? |
25474 | 1839 @cindex @key{Insert} |
1840 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1841 @cindex Overwriting existing text | |
1842 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1843 | |
1844 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles | |
1845 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1846 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}. | |
1847 | |
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|
1848 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off. |
25474 | 1849 |
1850 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests | |
1851 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1852 @cindex Beeping, turning off | |
1853 @cindex Visible bell | |
1854 @cindex Bell, visible | |
1855 | |
1856 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes: | |
1857 | |
34741
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|
1858 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell, |
13240ff7920b
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|
1859 and set the visible bell to nothing. |
25474 | 1860 |
1861 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable | |
1862 (assuming you have one): | |
1863 | |
1864 @example | |
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|
1865 ... :vb=: ... |
25474 | 1866 @end example |
1867 | |
1868 And evaluate the following Lisp form: | |
1869 | |
1870 @example | |
1871 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1872 @end example | |
1873 | |
1874 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests | |
35188
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Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
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|
1875 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X? |
25474 | 1876 @cindex Bell, volume of |
1877 @cindex Volume of bell | |
1878 | |
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|
1879 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all |
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1880 programs with the shell command @code{xset}. |
13240ff7920b
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|
1881 |
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|
1882 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic |
13240ff7920b
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|
1883 information, including the following: |
25474 | 1884 |
1885 @example | |
1886 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ... | |
1887 To turn bell off: | |
1888 -b b off b 0 | |
1889 To set bell volume, pitch and duration: | |
1890 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on | |
1891 @end example | |
1892 | |
1893 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests | |
1894 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line? | |
1895 @cindex Indenting new lines | |
1896 @cindex New lines, indenting of | |
1897 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to | |
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1898 @cindex Text indentation |
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|
1899 |
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|
1900 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the |
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|
1901 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2: |
25474 | 1902 |
1903 @example | |
1904 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes | |
1905 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode, | |
1906 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text | |
1907 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical | |
1908 difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
1909 | |
1910 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
1911 and is an alias for it. | |
1912 | |
1913 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use | |
1914 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
1915 @end example | |
1916 | |
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|
1917 @cindex Prefixing lines |
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1918 @cindex Fill prefix |
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|
1919 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill |
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1920 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain |
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|
1921 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the |
13240ff7920b
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|
1922 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .} |
25474 | 1923 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter, |
1924 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of | |
1925 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill | |
1926 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1927 | |
1928 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will | |
1929 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a | |
50780
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|
1930 new paragraph. There are many packages available to deal with this |
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|
1931 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Look for ``fill'' and |
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|
1932 ``indent'' keywords for guidance. |
25474 | 1933 |
1934 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests | |
1935 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1936 @cindex Parentheses, matching | |
1937 @cindex @file{paren.el} | |
1938 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses | |
1939 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting | |
1940 @cindex Matching parentheses | |
1941 | |
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|
1942 Call @code{show-paren-mode} in your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 1943 |
1944 @lisp | |
1945 (show-paren-mode 1) | |
1946 @end lisp | |
1947 | |
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|
1948 You can also enable this mode by selecting the @samp{Paren Match |
b6000aca7291
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|
1949 Highlighting} option from the @samp{Options} menu of the Emacs menu bar |
b6000aca7291
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|
1950 at the top of any Emacs frame. |
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|
1951 |
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|
1952 Alternatives to this mode include: |
25474 | 1953 |
1954 @itemize @bullet | |
1955 | |
1956 @item | |
1957 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
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|
1958 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to |
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1959 the matching parenthesis. |
25474 | 1960 |
1961 @item | |
40705 | 1962 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp}) |
25474 | 1963 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which |
1964 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets | |
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|
1965 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.) |
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|
1966 |
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|
1967 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi} |
25474 | 1968 @item |
1969 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching | |
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|
1970 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a |
25474 | 1971 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. |
1972 | |
1973 @lisp | |
1974 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
1975 | |
1976 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
1977 | |
1978 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
1979 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %." | |
1980 (interactive "p") | |
1981 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
1982 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
1983 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
1984 @end lisp | |
1985 | |
1986 @end itemize | |
1987 | |
1988 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests | |
1989 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler? | |
1990 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of | |
1991 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode} | |
1992 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text | |
1993 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code | |
1994 | |
1995 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1996 to investigate @file{cpp.el}, which is distributed with Emacs. |
25474 | 1997 |
1998 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests | |
1999 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi? | |
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|
2000 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi} |
25474 | 2001 @cindex Command, repeat last |
34741
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parents:
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|
2002 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2003 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2004 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2005 insertion/deletion.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2006 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2007 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z}) |
25474 | 2008 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix |
2009 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command. | |
2010 | |
2011 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} | |
2012 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the | |
2013 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2014 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2015 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex |
25474 | 2016 commands you've typed. |
2017 | |
2018 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard | |
2019 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.) | |
2020 | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2021 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2022 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2023 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.) |
25474 | 2024 |
2025 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests | |
2026 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
2027 @cindex Resources, X | |
2028 @cindex X resources | |
2029 @cindex Setting X resources | |
2030 | |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
2031 @inforef{X Resources, X Resources, emacs}. |
25474 | 2032 |
2033 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and | |
2034 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs | |
2035 was compiled with the X toolkit. | |
2036 | |
2037 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2038 @section How do I execute (``evaluate'') a piece of Emacs Lisp code? |
25474 | 2039 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code |
2040 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating | |
2041 | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2042 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2043 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}: |
25474 | 2044 |
2045 @itemize @bullet | |
2046 | |
2047 @item | |
2048 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2049 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2050 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations. |
25474 | 2051 |
2052 @item | |
2053 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type | |
2054 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form | |
2055 will be inserted in the buffer. | |
2056 | |
2057 @item | |
40705 | 2058 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form |
25474 | 2059 before or around point. |
2060 | |
2061 @item | |
2062 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
2063 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
2064 | |
2065 @item | |
2066 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2067 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}. |
25474 | 2068 |
2069 @item | |
2070 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp | |
2071 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load} | |
2072 instead.) | |
2073 | |
2074 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region}, | |
2075 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2076 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2077 about them. |
25474 | 2078 |
2079 @end itemize | |
2080 | |
2081 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests | |
2082 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length? | |
2083 @cindex Tab length | |
2084 @cindex Length of tab character | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2085 @cindex @code{default-tab-width} |
25474 | 2086 |
2087 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set | |
2088 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your | |
2089 @file{.emacs} file: | |
2090 | |
2091 @lisp | |
2092 (setq default-tab-width 10) | |
2093 @end lisp | |
2094 | |
2095 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable | |
2096 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal | |
2097 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted | |
2098 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes. | |
2099 | |
2100 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests | |
2101 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line? | |
2102 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies | |
2103 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character | |
2104 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix} | |
2105 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2106 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2107 | |
2108 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp | |
2109 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}. | |
2110 | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2111 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}. |
25474 | 2112 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you |
2113 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2114 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole |
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
37079
diff
changeset
|
2115 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2116 |
2117 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2118 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use |
25474 | 2119 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2120 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2121 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2122 additional information. |
25474 | 2123 |
2124 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2125 @section How do I insert @samp{_^H} before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph? |
25474 | 2126 @cindex Underlining a region of text |
2127 @cindex @code{underline-region} | |
2128 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2129 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2130 |
2131 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests | |
2132 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2133 @cindex Repeating commands many times |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2134 @cindex Commands, repeating many times |
25474 | 2135 |
2136 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes | |
2137 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}. | |
2138 | |
2139 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed. | |
2140 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2141 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2142 @kbd{C-x z} (@pxref{Repeating commands}) or @kbd{C-x e}. |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2143 |
25474 | 2144 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests |
2145 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
2146 @cindex @code{picture-mode} | |
2147 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents | |
2148 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents | |
2149 | |
2150 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}. | |
2151 | |
2152 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests | |
2153 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2154 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System |
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2155 @cindex X Window System and iconification |
25474 | 2156 @cindex Suspending Emacs |
2157 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
2158 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs |
50475
b65aa1d740eb
Fix cross references.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49429
diff
changeset
|
2159 otherwise. @inforef{Frame Commands, Frame Commands, emacs}. |
25474 | 2160 |
2161 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests | |
2162 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
2163 @cindex Regexps | |
2164 @cindex Regular expressions | |
2165 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps | |
2166 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs | |
2167 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in | |
2168 | |
64917
f9b024cc4772
(Using regular expressions): Fix xref.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64890
diff
changeset
|
2169 @inforef{Regexp Backslash, Regexp Backslash, emacs}. |
25474 | 2170 |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2171 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators |
25474 | 2172 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is |
2173 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)} | |
2174 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}. | |
2175 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2176 Note the doubled backslashes! |
25474 | 2177 |
2178 @itemize @bullet | |
2179 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2180 @item |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2181 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2182 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2183 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the |
25474 | 2184 characters not to match. |
2185 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
2186 @item |
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2187 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not |
25474 | 2188 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This |
2189 is actually typical for regexp syntax.) | |
2190 | |
2191 @end itemize | |
2192 | |
2193 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests | |
2194 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
2195 @cindex Replacing strings across files | |
2196 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across | |
2197 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple | |
2198 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2199 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command |
25474 | 2200 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2201 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search, |
25474 | 2202 emacs}. |
2203 | |
2204 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x | |
2205 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows | |
2206 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files. | |
2207 | |
2208 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2209 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}? |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2210 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags} |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2211 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2212 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2213 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2214 @code{emacs} man page. |
25474 | 2215 |
2216 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example, | |
2217 @samp{etags -H}. | |
2218 | |
2219 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests | |
2220 @section How do I disable backup files? | |
2221 @cindex Backups, disabling | |
2222 @cindex Disabling backups | |
2223 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2224 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2225 when something goes wrong. |
25474 | 2226 |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2227 To avoid seeing backup files (and other ``uninteresting'' files) in Dired, |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2228 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 2229 |
2230 @lisp | |
2231 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2232 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2233 (load "dired-x"))) |
25474 | 2234 @end lisp |
2235 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2236 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer. |
25474 | 2237 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the |
2238 following in your @file{.emacs}: | |
2239 | |
2240 @lisp | |
30692
b2cc8b3e837e
(Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30009
diff
changeset
|
2241 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle) |
25474 | 2242 @end lisp |
2243 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2244 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2245 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2246 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2247 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2248 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2249 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, , |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2250 emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2251 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2252 @cindex Backup files in a single directory |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2253 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2254 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2255 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2256 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2257 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2258 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}. |
25474 | 2259 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2260 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests |
25474 | 2261 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}? |
2262 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode} | |
2263 @cindex Auto-saving | |
2264 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals | |
2265 | |
2266 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful, | |
2267 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a | |
2268 document. | |
2269 | |
2270 Instead, you might want to change the variable | |
2271 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs | |
2272 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait | |
2273 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less. | |
2274 | |
2275 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save} | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2276 package (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). This |
25474 | 2277 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory, |
2278 such as @file{/tmp}. | |
2279 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2280 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2281 Save, , emacs}. |
25474 | 2282 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2283 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2284 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2285 @cindex Going to a line by number |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2286 @cindex Compilation error messages |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2287 @cindex Recompilation |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2288 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2289 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2290 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2291 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2292 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2293 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2294 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2295 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2296 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2297 one (starting with Emacs 22, you can also use @kbd{M-g M-p} and |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2298 @kbd{M-g M-n} to go to the previous and next matches directly). Click |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2299 @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2300 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2301 in that message. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2302 |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2303 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-g M-g} |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2304 (which is the default binding of the @code{goto-line} function starting |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2305 with Emacs 22). Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line and go |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2306 to that line. |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2307 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2308 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2309 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-g M-g} |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2310 will jump to line number 286 in the current buffer. |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2311 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2312 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests |
25474 | 2313 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
2314 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying | |
2315 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying | |
2316 @cindex Creating new menu options | |
2317 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus | |
2318 @cindex Menus and keymaps | |
2319 @cindex Keymaps and menus | |
2320 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2321 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2322 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the |
56279
b1ae5333057a
* ses.texi, viper.texi, search.texi, flymake.texi, faq.texi:
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents:
55201
diff
changeset
|
2323 mouse displays that keymap's non-@code{nil} contents in the form of a menu. |
25474 | 2324 |
2325 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2326 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2327 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code: |
25474 | 2328 |
2329 @lisp | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2330 (define-key global-map |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2331 [menu-bar edit forward] |
25474 | 2332 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) |
2333 @end lisp | |
2334 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2335 @noindent |
25474 | 2336 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes |
2337 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map} | |
2338 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular | |
2339 mode. | |
2340 | |
2341 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2342 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2343 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}. |
25474 | 2344 |
2345 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will | |
2346 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be | |
2347 called when that menu option is invoked. | |
2348 | |
2349 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must | |
2350 define an entirely new keymap: | |
2351 | |
2352 @lisp | |
2353 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] | |
2354 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words"))) | |
2355 @end lisp | |
2356 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2357 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2358 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2359 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2360 following code: |
25474 | 2361 |
2362 @lisp | |
2363 (define-key global-map | |
2364 [menu-bar words forward] | |
2365 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2366 @end lisp | |
2367 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2368 @noindent |
25474 | 2369 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed |
2370 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2371 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2372 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2373 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom. |
25474 | 2374 |
2375 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after}, | |
2376 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2377 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2378 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item: |
25474 | 2379 |
2380 @lisp | |
2381 (define-key-after | |
2382 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit]) | |
2383 [forward] | |
2384 '("Forward word" . forward-word) | |
2385 'undo) | |
2386 @end lisp | |
2387 | |
2388 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are | |
2389 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new | |
2390 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be | |
2391 defined. | |
2392 | |
2393 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate | |
2394 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument. | |
2395 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2396 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2397 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
2398 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
2399 this manual.) |
25474 | 2400 |
2401 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests | |
2402 @section How do I delete menus and menu options? | |
2403 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options | |
2404 @cindex Menus, deleting | |
2405 | |
2406 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2407 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down |
25474 | 2408 menus}), use: |
2409 | |
2410 @lisp | |
2411 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil) | |
2412 @end lisp | |
2413 | |
2414 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2415 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2416 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2417 menus}), use: |
25474 | 2418 |
2419 @lisp | |
2420 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil) | |
2421 @end lisp | |
2422 | |
2423 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests | |
2424 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting? | |
2425 @cindex Syntax highlighting | |
2426 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2427 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax | |
2428 @cindex Colorizing text | |
2429 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2430 | |
2431 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2432 highlighting in the current buffer. It is enabled by default in Emacs |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2433 22.1 and later. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2434 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2435 With @code{font-lock-mode} turned on, different types of text will |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2436 appear in different colors. For instance, in a programming mode, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2437 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2438 a third. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2439 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2440 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated |
25474 | 2441 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of |
2442 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes | |
2443 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained. | |
2444 | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2445 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} off within an existing buffer, use |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2446 @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode @key{RET}}. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2447 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2448 In Emacs 21 and earlier versions, you could use the following code in |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2449 your @file{.emacs} file to turn on @code{font-lock-mode} globally: |
25474 | 2450 |
2451 @lisp | |
2452 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
2453 @end lisp | |
2454 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2455 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2456 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2457 work around this. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2458 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2459 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2460 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2461 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2462 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2463 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2464 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2465 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2466 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2467 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2468 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2469 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2470 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2471 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2472 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To |
25474 | 2473 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of |
2474 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a | |
2475 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a | |
2476 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest | |
2477 possible look, then, include the line | |
2478 | |
2479 @lisp | |
2480 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t) | |
2481 @end lisp | |
2482 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2483 @noindent |
25474 | 2484 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that |
2485 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more | |
2486 information, see the documentation for | |
2487 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x | |
2488 describe-variable @key{RET}}). | |
2489 | |
2490 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode}, | |
2491 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x | |
2492 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}). | |
2493 | |
2494 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use | |
2495 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2496 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2497 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2498 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2499 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details. |
25474 | 2500 |
2501 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests | |
2502 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen? | |
2503 @cindex Scrolling only one line | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
2504 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrolling |
25474 | 2505 |
67551
fe8f45a3c8a7
(Scrolling only one line): Use `scroll-conservatively'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
67543
diff
changeset
|
2506 Customize the @code{scroll-conservatively} variable with @kbd{M-x |
fe8f45a3c8a7
(Scrolling only one line): Use `scroll-conservatively'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
67543
diff
changeset
|
2507 customize-variable @key{RET} scroll-conservatively @key{RET}} and set it |
fe8f45a3c8a7
(Scrolling only one line): Use `scroll-conservatively'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
67543
diff
changeset
|
2508 to a large value like, say, 10000. For an explanation of what this |
fe8f45a3c8a7
(Scrolling only one line): Use `scroll-conservatively'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
67543
diff
changeset
|
2509 means, @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}. |
fe8f45a3c8a7
(Scrolling only one line): Use `scroll-conservatively'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
67543
diff
changeset
|
2510 |
fe8f45a3c8a7
(Scrolling only one line): Use `scroll-conservatively'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
67543
diff
changeset
|
2511 Alternatively, use the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs}: |
25474 | 2512 |
2513 @lisp | |
67551
fe8f45a3c8a7
(Scrolling only one line): Use `scroll-conservatively'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
67543
diff
changeset
|
2514 (setq scroll-conservatively most-positive-fixnum) |
25474 | 2515 @end lisp |
2516 | |
2517 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests | |
2518 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? | |
2519 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode} | |
2520 @cindex Replacing highlighted text | |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
2521 @cindex Highlighting and replacing text |
25474 | 2522 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2523 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by |
25474 | 2524 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: |
2525 | |
2526 @lisp | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2527 (delete-selection-mode 1) |
25474 | 2528 @end lisp |
2529 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2530 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2531 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET} |
25474 | 2532 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}): |
2533 | |
2534 @quotation | |
2535 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active. | |
2536 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point. | |
2537 @end quotation | |
2538 | |
2539 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by | |
2540 pressing @key{DEL}. | |
2541 | |
2542 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests | |
2543 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs? | |
2544 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files | |
2545 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing | |
2546 @cindex Microsoft files, editing | |
2547 @cindex Windows files, editing | |
2548 | |
2549 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2550 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system, |
25474 | 2551 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format. |
2552 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2553 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2554 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2555 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2556 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2557 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2558 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2559 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++} |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
2560 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Among other things, |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2561 @code{crypt++} transparently modifies MS-DOS files as they are loaded |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2562 and saved, allowing you to ignore the different conventions that Unix |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
2563 and MS-DOS have for delineating the end of a line. |
25474 | 2564 |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2565 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests |
25474 | 2566 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period? |
2567 @cindex One space following periods | |
2568 @cindex Single space following periods | |
2569 @cindex Periods, one space following | |
2570 | |
67576
79100dce8a85
* faq.texi (Filling paragraphs with a single space): No need to
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
67551
diff
changeset
|
2571 Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 2572 |
2573 @lisp | |
2574 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil) | |
2575 @end lisp | |
2576 | |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2577 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests |
46655 | 2578 @section Why these strange escape sequences from @code{ls} from the Shell mode? |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2579 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2580 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2581 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2582 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2583 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this: |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2584 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2585 @itemize @bullet |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2586 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2587 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2588 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2589 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2590 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2591 interactive sessions. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2592 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2593 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2594 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2595 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2596 @end itemize |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2597 |
25474 | 2598 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
2599 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top | |
2600 @chapter Bugs and problems | |
2601 @cindex Bugs and problems | |
2602 | |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2603 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2604 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2605 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2606 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug, |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2607 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2608 instructions how to do that. |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2609 |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2610 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2611 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms; |
54478 | 2612 type @kbd{C-h C-e} to read it. |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2613 |
25474 | 2614 @menu |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2615 * Problems with very large files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2616 * ^M in the shell buffer:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2617 * Shell process exits abnormally:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2618 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2619 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2620 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2621 * Problems talking to certain hosts:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2622 * Errors with init files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2623 * Emacs ignores X resources:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2624 * Emacs ignores frame parameters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2625 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2626 * Editing files with $ in the name:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2627 * Shell mode loses the current directory:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2628 * Security risks with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2629 * Dired claims that no file is on this line:: |
25474 | 2630 @end menu |
2631 | |
2632 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems | |
2633 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
2634 @cindex Very large files, opening | |
2635 @cindex Large files, opening | |
2636 @cindex Opening very large files | |
2637 @cindex Maximum file size | |
2638 @cindex Files, maximum size | |
2639 | |
2640 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2641 files larger than 8 megabytes. In versions 19.29 and later, the maximum |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2642 buffer size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2643 And in Emacs 22, the maximum buffer size has been increased to |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2644 268,435,455 bytes (or 256 MBytes) on 32-bit machines. |
25474 | 2645 |
2646 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems | |
2647 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer? | |
2648 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in | |
2649 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode} | |
2650 | |
2651 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to | |
2652 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options: | |
2653 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2654 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2655 file: |
25474 | 2656 |
2657 @example | |
2658 if ($?EMACS) then | |
2659 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
2660 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
2661 stty nl | |
2662 endif | |
2663 endif | |
2664 @end example | |
2665 | |
2666 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file: | |
2667 | |
2668 @example | |
2669 unset edit | |
2670 stty nl | |
2671 @end example | |
2672 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2673 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2674 @code{tcsh}. One way is: |
25474 | 2675 |
2676 @lisp | |
2677 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
2678 @end lisp | |
2679 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2680 @noindent |
25474 | 2681 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
2682 file: | |
2683 | |
2684 @example | |
2685 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
2686 @end example | |
2687 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2688 @noindent |
25474 | 2689 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly |
2690 set for this to take effect.) | |
2691 | |
2692 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp | |
2693 with the following Lisp form, | |
2694 | |
2695 @lisp | |
2696 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh") | |
2697 @end lisp | |
2698 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2699 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2700 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2701 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2702 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2703 file: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2704 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2705 @smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2706 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2707 @end smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2708 |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2709 On a related note: if your shell is echoing your input line in the shell |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2710 buffer, you might want to customize the @code{comint-process-echoes} |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2711 variable in your shell buffers, or try the following command in your |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
2712 shell start-up file: |
25474 | 2713 |
2714 @example | |
2715 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z | |
2716 @end example | |
2717 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2718 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2719 @section Why do I get ``Process shell exited abnormally with code 1''? |
25474 | 2720 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode} |
2721 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2722 @cindex Process shell exited |
25474 | 2723 |
2724 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program | |
2725 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture, | |
2726 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent | |
2727 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your | |
2728 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by | |
2729 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.) | |
2730 | |
2731 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path | |
2732 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't | |
2733 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general | |
2734 solution for working around the problem in this case. | |
2735 | |
2736 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital | |
2737 programs, so be careful when using it. | |
2738 | |
2739 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
2740 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the | |
2741 xterm was later terminated. | |
2742 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2743 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2744 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2745 possible causes of this message. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2746 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2747 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2748 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2749 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2750 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2751 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2752 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2753 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2754 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2755 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2756 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2757 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2758 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2759 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe") |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2760 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2761 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2762 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2763 command; if that works, put the following line into your |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2764 @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2765 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2766 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2767 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2768 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2769 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2770 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2771 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2772 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2773 the problems in those cases. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2774 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2775 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2776 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type @samp{emacs}? |
25474 | 2777 @cindex Termcap |
2778 @cindex Terminfo | |
2779 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo | |
2780 | |
2781 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in | |
2782 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in | |
2783 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an | |
2784 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a | |
2785 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}: | |
2786 | |
2787 @example | |
2788 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
2789 @end example | |
2790 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2791 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2792 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2793 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2794 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. |
25474 | 2795 |
2796 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
2797 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that | |
2798 instead. | |
2799 | |
2800 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2801 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2802 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2803 @file{.cshrc} files: |
25474 | 2804 |
2805 @example | |
2806 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
2807 @end example | |
2808 | |
2809 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2810 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying @samp{I-search:} and beeping? |
25474 | 2811 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode |
2812 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into | |
2813 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason | |
2814 | |
2815 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
2816 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving | |
2817 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s} | |
2818 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2819 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}. |
25474 | 2820 |
2821 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems | |
2822 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
2823 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to | |
2824 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version | |
2825 | |
2826 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
2827 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2828 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2829 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2830 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}. |
25474 | 2831 |
2832 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
2833 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library | |
2834 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the | |
2835 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in | |
2836 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V | |
2837 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works, | |
2838 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). | |
2839 Other operating systems have similar problems. | |
2840 | |
2841 Try these options: | |
2842 | |
2843 @itemize @bullet | |
2844 | |
2845 @item | |
2846 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}. | |
2847 | |
2848 @item | |
2849 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}: | |
2850 | |
2851 @example | |
2852 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
2853 @end example | |
2854 | |
2855 @item | |
2856 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more | |
2857 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink | |
2858 Emacs. | |
2859 | |
2860 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2861 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2862 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. |
25474 | 2863 |
2864 @end itemize | |
2865 | |
2866 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
2867 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Error in init file}? |
25474 | 2868 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs} |
2869 @cindex Error in init file | |
2870 @cindex Init file, errors in | |
2871 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in | |
2872 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
2873 | |
2874 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2875 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2876 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2877 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2878 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2879 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2880 @ref{Debugging a customization file}. |
25474 | 2881 |
2882 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a | |
2883 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case | |
2884 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has | |
2885 begun}. | |
2886 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2887 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2888 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
2889 @cindex X resources being ignored | |
2890 @cindex Ignored X resources | |
2891 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults} | |
2892 | |
2893 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified | |
2894 by the following environment variables: | |
2895 | |
2896 @itemize @bullet | |
2897 | |
2898 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} | |
2899 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2900 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR} |
25474 | 2901 |
2902 @end itemize | |
2903 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2904 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2905 Xt toolkit. |
25474 | 2906 |
2907 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list | |
2908 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list | |
2909 of directory names separated by colons. | |
2910 | |
2911 Emacs searches for X resources: | |
2912 | |
2913 @enumerate | |
2914 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2915 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2916 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2917 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2918 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2919 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable, |
25474 | 2920 |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2921 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 2922 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2923 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2924 or if that is unset, in the file named |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2925 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2926 the name of the machine Emacs is running on), |
25474 | 2927 |
2928 @end itemize | |
2929 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2930 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2931 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2932 by the server, |
25474 | 2933 |
2934 @itemize @minus | |
2935 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2936 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2937 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2938 if it exists, |
25474 | 2939 |
2940 @end itemize | |
2941 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2942 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2943 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}, |
25474 | 2944 |
2945 @itemize @minus | |
2946 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2947 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2948 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2949 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2950 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2951 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2952 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2953 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2954 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2955 is set), |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
2956 @item |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2957 or in @file{~/Emacs}, |
25474 | 2958 |
2959 @end itemize | |
2960 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2961 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2962 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}. |
25474 | 2963 |
2964 @end enumerate | |
2965 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2966 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2967 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2968 @cindex Frame parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2969 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2970 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2971 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2972 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2973 the parameters of all frames, change the variable |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2974 @code{default-frame-alist} instead. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2975 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2976 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2977 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2978 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2979 other frames by individually positioning each one of them. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2980 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2981 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2982 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2983 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
2984 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time | |
2985 @cindex Delay when visiting files | |
2986 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit | |
2987 | |
2988 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2989 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has |
25474 | 2990 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. |
2991 | |
2992 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug | |
2993 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This | |
2994 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work | |
2995 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with | |
2996 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined. | |
2997 | |
2998 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems | |
2999 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name? | |
3000 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3001 @cindex @samp{$} in file names |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3002 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3003 |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3004 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand |
25474 | 3005 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress |
3006 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead. | |
3007 | |
3008 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems | |
3009 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
3010 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode} | |
3011 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory | |
3012 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode} | |
3013 | |
3014 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its | |
3015 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3016 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3017 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3018 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3019 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3020 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3021 to handle this problem (@pxref{Finding a package with particular |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3022 functionality}). |
25474 | 3023 |
3024 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command | |
3025 @kbd{M-x dirs}. | |
3026 | |
3027 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems | |
3028 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs? | |
3029 @cindex Security with Emacs | |
3030 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security | |
3031 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security | |
3032 @cindex Synthetic X events and security | |
3033 @cindex X events and security | |
3034 | |
3035 @itemize @bullet | |
3036 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3037 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3038 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3039 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3040 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3041 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail} |
25474 | 3042 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your |
3043 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3044 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been |
25474 | 3045 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could |
3046 get root privileges. | |
3047 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3048 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will |
25474 | 3049 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3050 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which |
25474 | 3051 should eliminate this particular risk. |
3052 | |
3053 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took | |
3054 advantage of this configuration problem. | |
3055 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3056 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3057 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3058 change.) |
25474 | 3059 |
3060 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
3061 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
3062 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
3063 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
3064 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
3065 feature. | |
3066 | |
3067 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by | |
56279
b1ae5333057a
* ses.texi, viper.texi, search.texi, flymake.texi, faq.texi:
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents:
55201
diff
changeset
|
3068 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
25474 | 3069 |
3070 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a | |
3071 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to | |
3072 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs | |
3073 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom | |
3074 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}. | |
3075 | |
3076 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}. | |
3077 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3078 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3079 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3080 better.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3081 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3082 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3083 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3084 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X |
25474 | 3085 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
3086 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. | |
3087 | |
3088 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
3089 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
3090 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3091 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using |
25474 | 3092 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior |
3093 authentication method; ask your system administrator. | |
3094 | |
3095 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
3096 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
3097 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
3098 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but | |
3099 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}. | |
3100 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3101 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3102 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to |
25474 | 3103 your X server, use |
3104 | |
3105 @example | |
3106 xhost + | |
3107 @end example | |
3108 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3109 @noindent |
25474 | 3110 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the |
3111 following message: | |
3112 | |
3113 @example | |
3114 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host | |
3115 @end example | |
3116 | |
3117 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly | |
3118 allowed by name), use | |
3119 | |
3120 @example | |
3121 xhost - | |
3122 @end example | |
3123 | |
3124 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message: | |
3125 | |
3126 @example | |
3127 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect | |
3128 @end example | |
3129 | |
3130 @end itemize | |
3131 | |
3132 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3133 @section Dired says, @samp{no file on this line} when I try to do something. |
25474 | 3134 @cindex Dired does not see a file |
3135 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3136 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3137 @c check. |
25474 | 3138 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US |
3139 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3140 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that |
25474 | 3141 come out. |
3142 | |
3143 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3144 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3145 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3146 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems. |
25474 | 3147 |
3148 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3149 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3150 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information. |
25474 | 3151 |
3152 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by | |
66325
fda96ff4c7e5
* files.el (directory-listing-before-filename-regexp): New
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
65041
diff
changeset
|
3153 dired, @code{directory-listing-before-filename-regexp}. |
25474 | 3154 |
3155 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3156 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top | |
3157 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3158 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3159 | |
3160 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3161 * Installing Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3162 * Updating Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3163 * Problems building Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3164 * Linking with -lX11 fails:: |
25474 | 3165 @end menu |
3166 | |
3167 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3168 @section How do I install Emacs? | |
3169 @cindex Installing Emacs | |
3170 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on | |
3171 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs | |
3172 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs | |
3173 @cindex Building Emacs from source | |
3174 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from | |
3175 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs | |
3176 | |
3177 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of | |
3178 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning | |
3179 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3180 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems. |
25474 | 3181 |
3182 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it | |
3183 from scratch. You will need: | |
3184 | |
3185 @itemize @bullet | |
3186 | |
3187 @item | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3188 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites |
25474 | 3189 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3190 distribution site, sources are available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3191 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3192 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz} |
25474 | 3193 |
3194 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For | |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3195 instance, when Emacs 22.42 is released, it will most probably be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3196 available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3197 |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3198 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-22.42.tar.gz} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3199 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3200 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3201 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on |
25474 | 3202 @file{ftp.gnu.org}. |
3203 | |
3204 @item | |
3205 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via | |
3206 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile | |
3207 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have | |
3208 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress | |
3209 them with the command | |
3210 | |
3211 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3212 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3213 @end example |
3214 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3215 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3216 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3217 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3218 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory. |
25474 | 3219 |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3220 @item |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3221 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3222 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files |
25474 | 3223 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3224 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the |
25474 | 3225 extraction command would look like |
3226 | |
3227 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3228 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar |
25474 | 3229 @end example |
3230 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3231 @noindent |
25474 | 3232 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile, |
3233 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3234 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3235 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3236 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of |
25474 | 3237 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by |
3238 using the command | |
3239 | |
3240 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3241 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3242 @end example |
3243 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3244 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3245 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3246 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3247 the tarfile's components. |
25474 | 3248 |
3249 @end itemize | |
3250 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3251 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3252 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3253 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3254 Window system support) with the following commands: |
25474 | 3255 |
3256 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3257 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER} |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3258 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3259 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs |
25474 | 3260 @end example |
3261 | |
3262 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3263 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't |
25474 | 3264 successful.) |
3265 | |
3266 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories: | |
3267 | |
3268 @table @file | |
3269 @item /usr/local/bin | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3270 binaries. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3271 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3272 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3273 Lisp code and support files. |
25474 | 3274 |
3275 @item /usr/local/info | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3276 Info documentation. |
25474 | 3277 @end table |
3278 | |
3279 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and | |
3280 type | |
3281 | |
3282 @example | |
3283 make install | |
3284 @end example | |
3285 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3286 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} |
25474 | 3287 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}. |
3288 | |
3289 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions) | |
3290 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}. | |
3291 | |
3292 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3293 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version? | |
3294 @cindex Updating Emacs | |
3295 | |
3296 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for | |
3297 installation. | |
3298 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3299 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3300 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3301 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}. |
25474 | 3302 |
3303 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs | |
3304 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these | |
3305 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble. | |
3306 | |
3307 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3308 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
3309 @cindex Problems building Emacs | |
3310 @cindex Errors when building Emacs | |
3311 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3312 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3313 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3314 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3315 installation and compilation problems. |
25474 | 3316 |
3317 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3318 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}. |
25474 | 3319 |
3320 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to | |
3321 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. | |
3322 | |
37806 | 3323 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3324 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3325 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}. |
25474 | 3326 |
3327 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3328 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
3329 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails | |
3330 @cindex lX11, linking fails with | |
3331 | |
3332 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
3333 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing. | |
3334 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3335 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3336 ``OpenWindows Programmers'' optional software category from the CD-ROM. |
25474 | 3337 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3338 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3339 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3340 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3341 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.'' |
25474 | 3342 |
3343 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared | |
3344 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that | |
3345 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3346 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3347 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3348 @file{site.cf}: |
25474 | 3349 |
3350 @example | |
3351 #define ForceNormalLib YES | |
3352 @end example | |
3353 | |
3354 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3355 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3356 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3357 @cindex X Menus don't work |
25474 | 3358 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's |
3359 @file{liboldX.a}. | |
3360 | |
3361 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3362 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top | |
3363 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3364 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3365 | |
3366 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3367 * Finding Emacs on the Internet:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3368 * Finding a package with particular functionality:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3369 * Packages that do not come with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3370 * Current GNU distributions:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3371 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3372 * Emacs for MS-DOS:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3373 * Emacs for Windows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3374 * Emacs for OS/2:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3375 * Emacs for Atari ST:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3376 * Emacs for the Amiga :: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3377 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3378 * Emacs for Apple computers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3379 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3380 * Modes for various languages:: |
25474 | 3381 @end menu |
3382 | |
3383 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3384 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
3385 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet | |
3386 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via | |
3387 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3388 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs |
46918
82d113655734
Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>
parents:
46655
diff
changeset
|
3389 @cindex Internet, retrieving from |
25474 | 3390 |
51449
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3391 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for |
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3392 information on nearby archive sites. If you don't already have Emacs, |
352a8000c437
Don't mention etc/ORDERS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50954
diff
changeset
|
3393 see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how to get these files. |
25474 | 3394 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3395 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3396 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of |
25474 | 3397 archive sites that make GNU software available. |
3398 | |
3399 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3400 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
3401 @cindex Package, finding | |
3402 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3403 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package |
25474 | 3404 |
3405 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't | |
3406 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET} | |
3407 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the | |
3408 string @samp{wordstar}. | |
3409 | |
3410 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been | |
3411 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3412 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp |
36344
6c3540ec3c12
(Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36301
diff
changeset
|
3413 source to most packages contains a short description of how they |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3414 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or |
25474 | 3415 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the |
3416 source code. | |
3417 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3418 The command @kbd{C-h p} (@code{finder-by-keyword}) allows you to browse |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3419 the constituent Emacs packages. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3420 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3421 For advice on how to find extra packages that are not part of Emacs, |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3422 see @ref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3423 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3424 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Current GNU distributions, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages |
25474 | 3425 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? |
3426 @cindex Unbundled packages | |
3427 @cindex Finding other packages | |
3428 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs | |
3429 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3430 @cindex Emacs Lisp List |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3431 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3432 |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3433 @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.html, The Emacs Lisp |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3434 List (ELL)}, maintained by @email{stephen@@anc.ed.ac.uk, Stephen Eglen}, |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3435 aims to provide one compact list with links to all of the current Emacs |
55201 | 3436 Lisp files on the internet. The ELL can be browsed over the web, or |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3437 from Emacs with @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.el, |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3438 the @file{ell} package}. |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3439 |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3440 Many authors post their packages to the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.sources, |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3441 Emacs sources newsgroup}. You can search the archives of this |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3442 group with @uref{http://groups.google.com, Google}, for example. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3443 |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3444 Several packages are stored in |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3445 @uref{http://emacswiki.org/elisp/, the Lisp area of the Emacs Wiki}. |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3446 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3447 For a long time, the Emacs Lisp Archive provided a central repository |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3448 for Emacs packages. Sadly, it has not been active for some time, |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3449 although you can still access the old files at |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3450 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3451 @uref{ftp://ftp.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/WWW/index.html} |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3452 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3453 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
25474 | 3454 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? |
3455 @cindex Current GNU distributions | |
3456 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions | |
3457 @cindex Stuff, current GNU | |
3458 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff | |
3459 @cindex Finding current GNU software | |
3460 @cindex Official GNU software sites | |
3461 | |
3462 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at | |
3463 | |
3464 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu} | |
3465 | |
3466 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more | |
3467 information. | |
3468 | |
3469 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at | |
3470 | |
3471 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html} | |
3472 | |
3473 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3474 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly Lucid Emacs)? |
25474 | 3475 @cindex XEmacs |
3476 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs | |
3477 @cindex Lucid Emacs | |
3478 @cindex Epoch | |
3479 | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3480 XEmacs is a branch version of Emacs. It was first called Lucid Emacs, |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3481 and was initially derived from a prerelease version of Emacs 19. In |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3482 this FAQ, we use the name ``Emacs'' only for the official version. |
56795
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3483 |
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3484 Emacs and XEmacs each come with Lisp packages that are lacking in the |
8dc694fe14f2
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56757
diff
changeset
|
3485 other. The two versions have some significant differences at the Lisp |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3486 programming level. Their current features are roughly comparable, |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3487 though the support for some operating systems, character sets and |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3488 specific packages might be quite different. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3489 |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3490 Some XEmacs code has been contributed to Emacs, and we would like to |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3491 use other parts, but the earlier XEmacs maintainers did not always |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3492 keep track of the authors of contributed code, which makes it |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3493 impossible for the FSF to get copyright papers signed for that code. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3494 (The FSF requires these papers for all the code included in the Emacs |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3495 release, aside from generic C support packages that retain their |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3496 separate identity and are not integrated into the code of Emacs |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3497 proper.) |
56802
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3498 |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3499 If you want to talk about these two versions and distinguish them, |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3500 please call them ``Emacs'' and ``XEmacs.'' To contrast ``XEmacs'' |
f306b2e60578
(Difference between Emacs and XEmacs):
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56795
diff
changeset
|
3501 with ``GNU Emacs'' would be misleading, since XEmacs too has its |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3502 origin in the work of the GNU Project. Terms such as ``Emacsen'' and |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3503 ``(X)Emacs'' are not wrong, but they are not very clear, so it |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3504 is better to write ``Emacs and XEmacs.'' |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3505 |
25474 | 3506 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3507 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
3508 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for | |
3509 @cindex DOS, Emacs for | |
3510 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS | |
3511 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS | |
3512 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS | |
3513 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3514 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3515 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3516 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3517 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3518 from |
25474 | 3519 |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3520 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/emacs.README} |
25474 | 3521 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3522 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the |
25474 | 3523 directory |
3524 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3525 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/} |
25474 | 3526 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3527 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3528 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3529 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3530 @email{eliz@@gnu.org, Eli Zaretskii} and |
25474 | 3531 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the |
3532 following: | |
3533 | |
3534 @table @emph | |
3535 | |
3536 @item Compiler | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3537 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3538 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3539 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3540 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3541 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of |
25474 | 3542 the files in |
3543 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3544 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2*} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3545 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3546 @item Unpacking program |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3547 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x, |
25474 | 3548 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3549 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3550 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3551 number), from the URL mentioned above. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3552 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3553 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3554 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3555 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3556 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3557 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3558 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully! |
25474 | 3559 |
3560 @item make, mv, sed, and rm | |
3561 All of these utilities are available at | |
3562 | |
56833
3e8b1ce2675a
(Emacs for MS-DOS): Update URLs for the MS-DOS port of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
56817
diff
changeset
|
3563 @uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu} |
25474 | 3564 |
3565 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at | |
3566 | |
48785 | 3567 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnuish/} |
25474 | 3568 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3569 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3570 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3571 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3572 |
25474 | 3573 @end table |
3574 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3575 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3576 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3577 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS. |
25474 | 3578 |
3579 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
3580 look-alikes), consult the list of ``Emacs implementations and literature,'' |
25474 | 3581 available at |
3582 | |
3583 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} | |
3584 | |
3585 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often | |
3586 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
3587 | |
3588 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
3589 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows? |
25474 | 3590 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3591 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows |
25474 | 3592 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3593 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for |
25474 | 3594 |
3595 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by | |
3596 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at | |
3597 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3598 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3599 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3600 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1. |
25474 | 3601 |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3602 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3603 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3604 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3605 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3606 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3607 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3608 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3609 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3610 |
25474 | 3611 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3612 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
3613 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for | |
3614 | |
35061
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3615 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3616 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3617 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3618 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3619 @noindent |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3620 and also at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3621 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3622 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3623 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3624 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3625 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3626 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3627 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html} |
25474 | 3628 |
3629 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3630 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
3631 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for | |
3632 @cindex TOS, Emacs for | |
3633 | |
3634 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT | |
3635 is available at | |
3636 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}. | |
3637 | |
3638 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3639 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
3640 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for | |
3641 | |
3642 The files you need are available at | |
3643 | |
3644 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/} | |
3645 | |
3646 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a | |
3647 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at | |
3648 | |
3649 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha} | |
3650 | |
3651 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3652 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? | |
3653 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for | |
3654 | |
3655 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors, | |
3656 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from | |
3657 | |
3658 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz} | |
3659 | |
3660 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3661 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
3662 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3663 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for |
25474 | 3664 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3665 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3666 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3667 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3668 |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
3669 Beginning with version 22.1, Emacs supports Mac OS X natively. |
25474 | 3670 |
3671 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3672 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
3673 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for | |
3674 @cindex VMS, Emacs for | |
3675 | |
3676 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is | |
3677 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}. | |
3678 | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
3679 @node Modes for various languages, , Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3680 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
25474 | 3681 @cindex Awk, mode for |
3682 @cindex @code{awk-mode} | |
3683 @cindex Bison, mode for | |
3684 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3685 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for |
25474 | 3686 @cindex Java, mode for |
3687 @cindex Lex mode | |
3688 @cindex Objective-C, mode for | |
3689 @cindex @code{pascal-mode} | |
3690 @cindex Shell mode | |
3691 @cindex Yacc mode | |
3692 @cindex @file{csh} mode | |
3693 @cindex @code{sh-mode} | |
3694 @cindex @code{cc-mode} | |
3695 | |
3696 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution. | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3697 To get additional modes, see @ref{Finding a package with particular |
59996
aac0a33f5772
Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59713
diff
changeset
|
3698 functionality}. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3699 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3700 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3701 Java code. It is distributed with Emacs, but has |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
3702 @uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/, its own homepage}. |
25474 | 3703 |
3704 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3705 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top | |
3706 @chapter Major packages and programs | |
3707 @cindex Major packages and programs | |
3708 | |
3709 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3710 * VM:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3711 * Supercite:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3712 * Calc:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3713 * VIPER:: |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3714 * AUCTeX:: |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3715 * BBDB:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3716 * Ispell:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3717 * w3-mode:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3718 * EDB:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3719 * Mailcrypt:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3720 * JDE:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
3721 * Patch:: |
25474 | 3722 @end menu |
3723 | |
3724 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs | |
3725 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support | |
3726 @cindex VM | |
3727 @cindex Alternative mail software | |
3728 @cindex View Mail | |
3729 @cindex E-mail reader, VM | |
3730 | |
3731 @table @b | |
3732 | |
3733 @item Author | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3734 @email{kyle_jones@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} |
25474 | 3735 |
3736 @item Latest version | |
50954 | 3737 7.15 |
25474 | 3738 |
3739 @item Distribution | |
3740 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz} | |
3741 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3742 @item Informational newsgroup |
25474 | 3743 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@* |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3744 |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3745 @item Bug reports newsgroup |
25474 | 3746 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@* |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3747 Or send reports to @email{bug-vm@@wonderworks.com} |
25474 | 3748 @end table |
3749 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3750 VM 7 works well with Emacs 21. Older versions of VM suitable for use |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3751 with older versions of Emacs are available from |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3752 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP site}. |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3753 |
25474 | 3754 |
3755 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs | |
3756 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
3757 @cindex Supercite | |
3758 @cindex Superyank | |
3759 @cindex Mail and news citations | |
3760 @cindex News and mail citations | |
3761 @cindex Citations in mail and news | |
3762 | |
3763 @table @b | |
3764 | |
3765 @item Author | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3766 @email{barry@@python.org, Barry Warsaw} |
25474 | 3767 |
3768 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3769 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs since version 20) |
25474 | 3770 |
3771 @item Distribution | |
3772 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz} | |
3773 | |
3774 @item Mailing list | |
3775 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@* | |
3776 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org} | |
3777 | |
3778 @end table | |
3779 | |
3780 Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
3781 | |
3782 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs | |
3783 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
3784 @cindex Programmable calculator | |
3785 @cindex Calc | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3786 @cindex Mathematical package |
25474 | 3787 |
3788 @table @b | |
3789 | |
3790 @item Author | |
3791 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie} | |
3792 | |
3793 @item Latest version | |
67543
afe4c3f8dfeb
(Calc): Update the version number.
Jay Belanger <jay.p.belanger@gmail.com>
parents:
67483
diff
changeset
|
3794 2.1 (part of Emacs since version 22.1) |
25474 | 3795 |
3796 @item Distribution | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3797 No separate distribution outside of Emacs. Older versions |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3798 are available at @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/}. |
25474 | 3799 |
3800 @end table | |
3801 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3802 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3803 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3804 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3805 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3806 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3807 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3808 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3809 |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3810 @node VIPER, AUCTeX, Calc, Major packages and programs |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3811 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3812 @cindex @code{vi} emulation |
25474 | 3813 @cindex VIPER |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3814 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3815 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3816 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER |
25474 | 3817 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3818 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3819 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3820 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways. |
25474 | 3821 |
3822 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally | |
3823 better than the one distributed with Emacs: | |
3824 | |
3825 @table @b | |
3826 @item Author | |
3827 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane} | |
3828 | |
3829 @item Latest version | |
3830 4.3 | |
3831 | |
3832 @item Distribution | |
48785 | 3833 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/old-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z} |
25474 | 3834 |
3835 @end table | |
3836 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3837 @node AUCTeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3838 @section AUC@TeX{} --- enhanced @TeX{} modes with debugging facilities |
25474 | 3839 @cindex Mode for @TeX{} |
3840 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3841 @cindex AUC@TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} |
25474 | 3842 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{} |
3843 | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3844 AUC@TeX{} is a set of sophisticated major modes for @TeX{}, LaTeX, |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3845 ConTeXt, and Texinfo offering context-sensitive syntax highlighting, |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3846 indentation, formatting and folding, macro completion, @TeX{} shell |
67691
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3847 functionality, and debugging. Be also sure to check out |
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3848 @ref{Introduction, RefTeX, Introduction, reftex, Ref@TeX{} User Manual}. |
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3849 Current versions of AUC@TeX{} include the |
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3850 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex,preview-latex} |
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3851 package for WYSIWYG previews of various LaTeX constructs in the Emacs |
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3852 source buffer. |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3853 |
25474 | 3854 @table @b |
3855 | |
3856 @item Authors | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3857 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup}, @* |
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3858 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}, @* and others. |
25474 | 3859 |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3860 @item Maintainer |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3861 @email{dak@@gnu.org, David Kastrup} |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3862 |
25474 | 3863 @item Latest version |
67691
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3864 11.82 |
25474 | 3865 |
3866 @item Distribution | |
56757
dc7deb7ca051
* reftex.texi (AUCTeX): Update links, section name.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
56279
diff
changeset
|
3867 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/auctex/} |
25474 | 3868 |
3869 @item Web site | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3870 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/} |
25474 | 3871 |
3872 @item Mailing list: | |
67691
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3873 Subscription requests to @email{auctex-request@@gnu.org}@* |
5e3db5999d74
(AUCTeX): Update version and mailing list info.
David Kastrup <dak@gnu.org>
parents:
67576
diff
changeset
|
3874 Submissions to @email{auctex@@gnu.org} |
25474 | 3875 |
3876 @end table | |
3877 | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3878 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUCTeX, Major packages and programs |
25474 | 3879 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers |
3880 @cindex BBDB | |
3881 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality | |
3882 @cindex Integrated contact database | |
3883 @cindex Contact database | |
3884 @cindex Big Brother Database | |
3885 @cindex Address book | |
3886 | |
3887 @table @b | |
3888 | |
3889 @item Maintainer | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3890 @email{waider@@waider.ie, Ronan Waide} |
25474 | 3891 |
3892 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3893 2.34 |
25474 | 3894 |
3895 @item Distribution | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3896 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/} |
25474 | 3897 |
3898 @item Mailing lists | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3899 Subscription requests to @email{bbdb-info-request@@lists.sourceforge.net}@* |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3900 Submissions to @email{bbdb-info@@lists.sourceforge.net}@* |
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3901 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@lists.sourceforge.net} |
25474 | 3902 |
3903 @end table | |
3904 | |
3905 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs | |
3906 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
3907 @cindex Spell-checker | |
3908 @cindex Checking spelling | |
3909 @cindex Ispell | |
3910 | |
3911 @table @b | |
3912 | |
3913 @item Author | |
3914 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning} | |
3915 | |
3916 @item Latest version | |
3917 3.1.20 | |
3918 | |
3919 @item Distribution | |
3920 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@* | |
3921 | |
3922 @item Web site | |
3923 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html} | |
3924 | |
3925 @end table | |
3926 | |
3927 @itemize @bullet | |
3928 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3929 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3930 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3931 have free e-mail. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3932 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3933 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3934 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3935 no longer a supported product. |
25474 | 3936 |
3937 @end itemize | |
3938 | |
3939 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs | |
3940 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs | |
3941 @cindex WWW browser | |
3942 @cindex Web browser | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3943 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs |
25474 | 3944 @cindex @code{w3-mode} |
3945 | |
3946 @table @b | |
3947 | |
3948 @item Author | |
3949 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry} | |
3950 | |
3951 @item Latest version | |
3952 4.0pre.39 | |
3953 | |
3954 @item Distribution | |
3955 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz} | |
3956 | |
3957 @item Mailing lists | |
3958 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
3959 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
3960 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu} | |
3961 | |
3962 @end table | |
3963 | |
3964 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs | |
3965 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes | |
3966 @cindex EDB | |
3967 @cindex Database | |
3968 @cindex Forms mode | |
3969 | |
3970 @table @b | |
3971 @item Author | |
3972 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst} | |
3973 | |
3974 @item Latest version | |
3975 1.21 | |
3976 | |
3977 @item Distribution | |
3978 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb} | |
3979 | |
3980 @end table | |
3981 | |
3982 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs | |
3983 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news | |
3984 @cindex PGP | |
3985 @cindex GPG | |
3986 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news | |
3987 @cindex News, interface to PGP from | |
3988 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from | |
3989 @cindex Encryption software, interface to | |
3990 | |
3991 @table @b | |
3992 | |
3993 @item Authors | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3994 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3995 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi} |
25474 | 3996 |
3997 @item Maintainer | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
3998 @email{warner-mailcrypt@@lothar.com, Brian Warner} |
25474 | 3999 |
4000 @item Latest version | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4001 3.5.8 |
25474 | 4002 |
4003 @item Distribution | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4004 @uref{http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.8.tar.gz} |
25474 | 4005 |
4006 @item Web site | |
50780
3c9a6397c579
Update copyright and maintenance details.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
4007 @uref{http://mailcrypt.sourceforge.net/} |
25474 | 4008 |
4009 @end table | |
4010 | |
4011 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs | |
4012 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java | |
4013 @cindex Java development environment | |
4014 @cindex Integrated Java development environment | |
4015 @cindex JDE | |
4016 | |
4017 @table @b | |
4018 | |
4019 @item Author | |
4020 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan} | |
4021 | |
4022 @item Mailing list | |
4023 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk | |
4024 | |
4025 @item Latest version | |
4026 2.1.1 | |
4027 | |
4028 @item Web site | |
4029 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/} | |
4030 | |
4031 @end table | |
4032 | |
4033 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4034 @section Patch --- program to apply ``diffs'' for updating files |
25474 | 4035 @cindex Updating files with diffs |
4036 @cindex Patching source files with diffs | |
4037 @cindex Diffs and patching | |
4038 @cindex @file{patch} | |
4039 | |
4040 @table @b | |
4041 | |
4042 @item Author | |
4043 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications) | |
4044 | |
4045 @item Latest version | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4046 2.5.4 |
25474 | 4047 |
4048 @item Distribution | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4049 @xref{Current GNU distributions}. |
25474 | 4050 |
4051 @end table | |
4052 | |
4053 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4054 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top | |
4055 @chapter Key bindings | |
4056 @cindex Key bindings | |
4057 | |
4058 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4059 * Binding keys to commands:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4060 * Invalid prefix characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4061 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4062 * Using function keys under X:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4063 * Working with function and arrow keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4064 * X key translations for Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4065 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4066 * Binding C-s and C-q:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4067 * Backspace invokes help:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4068 * stty and Backspace key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4069 * Swapping keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4070 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4071 * No Meta key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4072 * No Escape key:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4073 * Compose Character:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4074 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4075 * Meta key does not work in xterm:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4076 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta:: |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4077 * SPC no longer completes file names:: |
25474 | 4078 @end menu |
4079 | |
4080 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings | |
4081 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
4082 @cindex Binding keys to commands | |
4083 @cindex Keys, binding to commands | |
4084 @cindex Commands, binding keys to | |
4085 | |
4086 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your | |
4087 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4088 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4089 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4090 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4091 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4092 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4093 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4094 |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4095 To make the process of binding keys interactively easier, use the |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4096 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately |
25474 | 4097 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed |
4098 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your | |
4099 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the | |
4100 command are required. For example, | |
4101 | |
4102 @lisp | |
4103 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)) | |
4104 @end lisp | |
4105 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4106 @noindent |
25474 | 4107 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4108 local, the command is used in conjunction with the @samp{add-hook} function. |
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4109 For example, in TeX mode, a local binding might be |
25474 | 4110 |
4111 @lisp | |
4112 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4113 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4114 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)))) |
25474 | 4115 @end lisp |
4116 | |
4117 | |
4118 @itemize @bullet | |
4119 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4120 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4121 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4122 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4123 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4124 to convert these into their vector or string forms. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4125 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4126 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4127 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already |
25474 | 4128 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4129 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound: |
25474 | 4130 |
4131 @lisp | |
4132 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or | |
4133 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) | |
4134 @end lisp | |
4135 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4136 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4137 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also |
25474 | 4138 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example: |
4139 | |
4140 @lisp | |
4141 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or | |
4142 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g") | |
4143 @end lisp | |
4144 | |
4145 @end itemize | |
4146 | |
4147 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4148 @section Why does Emacs say @samp{Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters}? |
25474 | 4149 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid |
4150 @cindex Invalid prefix characters | |
4151 @cindex Misspecified key sequences | |
4152 | |
4153 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control | |
4154 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f} | |
4155 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4156 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4157 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [} |
25474 | 4158 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either |
4159 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence: | |
4160 | |
4161 @lisp | |
4162 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or | |
4163 (global-unset-key "\e[") | |
4164 @end lisp | |
4165 | |
4166 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings | |
4167 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? | |
4168 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs} | |
4169 | |
4170 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file | |
4171 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to | |
4172 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has | |
4173 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this | |
4174 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup). | |
4175 | |
4176 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4177 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4178 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4179 variable to this lambda function. For example, |
25474 | 4180 |
4181 @lisp | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4182 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4183 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4184 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4185 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4186 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command)))) |
25474 | 4187 @end lisp |
4188 | |
4189 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the | |
4190 @file{lisp/startup.el} file. | |
4191 | |
4192 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4193 @section How do I use function keys under X? |
25474 | 4194 @cindex Function keys |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4195 @cindex X Window System and function keys |
25474 | 4196 @cindex Binding function keys |
4197 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4198 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details. |
25474 | 4199 |
4200 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings | |
4201 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit? | |
4202 @cindex Working with arrow keys | |
4203 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by | |
4204 @cindex Working with function keys | |
4205 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by | |
4206 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys | |
4207 | |
4208 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will | |
4209 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the | |
4210 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other | |
4211 keys as well. | |
4212 | |
4213 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4214 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs? |
25474 | 4215 @cindex X key translations |
4216 @cindex Key translations under X | |
4217 @cindex Translations for keys under X | |
4218 | |
4219 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4220 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations |
25474 | 4221 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!) |
4222 | |
4223 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4224 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The |
25474 | 4225 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the |
4226 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance, | |
4227 | |
4228 @lisp | |
4229 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t]) | |
4230 @end lisp | |
4231 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4232 @noindent |
25474 | 4233 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence. |
4234 | |
4235 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings | |
4236 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control? | |
4237 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with | |
4238 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control | |
4239 | |
4240 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4241 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4242 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4243 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4244 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4245 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4246 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}. |
25474 | 4247 |
4248 Possible solutions: | |
4249 | |
4250 @itemize @bullet | |
4251 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4252 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4253 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control. |
25474 | 4254 |
4255 You need to determine the cause of the flow control. | |
4256 | |
4257 @itemize @minus | |
4258 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4259 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4260 your terminal |
25474 | 4261 |
4262 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
4263 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
4264 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4265 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This |
25474 | 4266 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. |
4267 | |
4268 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
4269 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
4270 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
4271 | |
4272 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
4273 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4274 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to |
25474 | 4275 include extra NUL padding characters. |
4276 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4277 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4278 a modem |
25474 | 4279 |
4280 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using | |
4281 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this. | |
4282 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4283 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4284 a router or terminal server |
25474 | 4285 |
4286 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
4287 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
4288 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
4289 network experts for help with this. | |
4290 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4291 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4292 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4293 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4294 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4295 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4296 is not necessary. |
25474 | 4297 |
4298 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes: | |
4299 | |
4300 @quotation | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4301 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4302 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4303 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4304 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4305 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4306 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4307 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4308 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4309 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this. |
25474 | 4310 |
4311 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One | |
4312 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
4313 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
4314 @end quotation | |
4315 | |
4316 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems. | |
4317 | |
4318 @end itemize | |
4319 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4320 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4321 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. |
25474 | 4322 |
4323 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by | |
4324 evaluating the form | |
4325 | |
4326 @lisp | |
4327 (enable-flow-control) | |
4328 @end lisp | |
4329 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4330 @noindent |
25474 | 4331 to unconditionally enable flow control or |
4332 | |
4333 @lisp | |
4334 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19") | |
4335 @end lisp | |
4336 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4337 @noindent |
25474 | 4338 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to |
4339 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s} | |
4340 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to | |
4341 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and | |
4342 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}). | |
4343 | |
4344 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your | |
4345 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the | |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4346 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file. |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4347 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4348 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.) |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4349 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4350 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4351 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4352 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're |
25474 | 4353 smart enough to move it to another name). |
4354 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4355 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4356 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4357 |
25474 | 4358 @end itemize |
4359 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4360 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4361 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution). |
25474 | 4362 |
4363 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings | |
4364 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out? | |
4365 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} | |
4366 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding | |
4367 | |
4368 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4369 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4370 control}, for usage and implementation details. |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4371 |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4372 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4373 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4374 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4375 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4376 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used. |
25474 | 4377 |
4378 @itemize @bullet | |
4379 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4380 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4381 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by |
25474 | 4382 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs |
4383 actually behaves. | |
4384 | |
4385 @end itemize | |
4386 | |
4387 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings | |
4388 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help? | |
4389 @cindex Backspace key invokes help | |
4390 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4391 @cindex DEL key does not delete |
25474 | 4392 |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4393 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates @acronym{ASCII} code 8. |
25474 | 4394 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes |
4395 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first | |
4396 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem | |
4397 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the | |
4398 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character. | |
4399 | |
4400 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
4401 | |
4402 @itemize @bullet | |
4403 | |
4404 @item | |
4405 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the | |
4406 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command | |
4407 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix | |
4408 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}: | |
4409 | |
4410 @example | |
4411 stty erase `^?' | |
4412 @end example | |
4413 | |
4414 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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34151
diff
changeset
|
4415 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the |
25474 | 4416 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4417 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4418 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like |
25474 | 4419 @key{Delete}. There are several methods. |
4420 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4421 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 4422 @item |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4423 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g., |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4424 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4425 changed from a setup menu. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4426 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4427 @item |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4428 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4429 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key. |
25474 | 4430 |
4431 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4432 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4433 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4434 windowed displays, by customizing the option |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4435 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4436 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4437 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info. |
25474 | 4438 |
4439 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4440 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4441 Emacs: |
25474 | 4442 |
4443 @lisp | |
4444 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
4445 @end lisp | |
4446 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4447 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4448 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4449 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4450 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4451 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4452 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4453 default deletes forward: |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4454 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4455 @lisp |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4456 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d) |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4457 @end lisp |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4458 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4459 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}. |
25474 | 4460 |
4461 @item | |
4462 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h} | |
4463 instead: | |
4464 | |
4465 @lisp | |
4466 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
4467 | |
4468 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4469 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) |
25474 | 4470 @end lisp |
4471 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4472 @noindent |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4473 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4474 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4475 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4476 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this |
42674 | 4477 reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4478 above. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4479 |
25474 | 4480 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}. |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4481 @end itemize |
25474 | 4482 |
4483 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are | |
4484 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere. | |
4485 | |
4486 @end itemize | |
4487 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4488 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4489 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4490 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4491 |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4492 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4493 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4494 Manual}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4495 |
25474 | 4496 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings |
4497 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}? | |
4498 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs | |
4499 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty} | |
4500 @cindex Delete and @file{stty} | |
4501 | |
4502 Good question! | |
4503 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4504 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4505 @c probably worth putting that explanation here. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4506 |
25474 | 4507 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings |
4508 @section How do I swap two keys? | |
4509 @cindex Swapping keys | |
4510 @cindex Keys, swapping | |
4511 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate} | |
4512 | |
65032
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4513 You can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4514 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4515 into @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use |
25474 | 4516 |
4517 @lisp | |
4518 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL | |
4519 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'. | |
4520 @end lisp | |
4521 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4522 @noindent |
25474 | 4523 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is |
4524 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the | |
4525 keymaps. | |
4526 | |
65032
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4527 However, in the specific case of @kbd{C-h} and @key{DEL}, you should |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4528 toggle @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode} instead of calling |
66325
fda96ff4c7e5
* files.el (directory-listing-before-filename-regexp): New
Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>
parents:
65041
diff
changeset
|
4529 @code{keyboard-translate}. @inforef{DEL Does Not Delete, DEL Does Not Delete, |
65032
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4530 emacs}. |
863e660c91bd
(Swapping keys): Xref for normal-erase-is-backspace-mode, not keyboard-translate.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64917
diff
changeset
|
4531 |
25474 | 4532 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps. |
4533 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but | |
4534 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every | |
4535 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations | |
4536 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are | |
4537 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard | |
4538 translation. | |
4539 | |
4540 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings | |
4541 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
4542 @cindex Producing control characters | |
4543 @cindex Generating control characters | |
4544 @cindex Control characters, generating | |
4545 | |
56817
99e9271dee93
Fix texinfo usage, esp. doublequotes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
56802
diff
changeset
|
4546 On terminals (but not under X), some common ``aliases'' are: |
25474 | 4547 |
4548 @table @asis | |
4549 | |
4550 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} | |
4551 @kbd{C-@@} | |
4552 | |
4553 @item @kbd{C-6} | |
4554 @kbd{C-^} | |
4555 | |
4556 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--} | |
4557 @kbd{C-_} | |
4558 | |
4559 @item @kbd{C-4} | |
4560 @kbd{C-\} | |
4561 | |
4562 @item @kbd{C-5} | |
4563 @kbd{C-]} | |
4564 | |
4565 @item @kbd{C-/} | |
4566 @kbd{C-?} | |
4567 | |
4568 @end table | |
4569 | |
4570 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try | |
4571 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
4572 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the | |
4573 name of the command. | |
4574 | |
4575 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings | |
4576 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key? | |
4577 @cindex No @key{Meta} key | |
4578 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it | |
4579 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4580 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4581 |
25474 | 4582 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact, |
4583 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway | |
4584 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4585 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4586 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}. |
25474 | 4587 |
4588 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings | |
4589 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key? | |
4590 @cindex No Escape key | |
4591 @cindex Lacking an Escape key | |
4592 @cindex Escape key, lacking | |
4593 | |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4594 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send @acronym{ASCII} code 27 just like an |
25474 | 4595 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not |
4596 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11} | |
4597 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it: | |
4598 | |
4599 @lisp | |
4600 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals. | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4601 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e]) |
25474 | 4602 @end lisp |
4603 | |
4604 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings | |
4605 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key? | |
4606 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta} | |
4607 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for | |
4608 | |
4609 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain | |
4610 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4611 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4612 command. |
25474 | 4613 |
4614 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings | |
4615 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
4616 @cindex Modifiers and function keys | |
4617 @cindex Function keys and modifiers | |
4618 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys | |
4619 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4620 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4621 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4622 example (from the on-line documentation): |
25474 | 4623 |
4624 @lisp | |
4625 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page) | |
4626 @end lisp | |
4627 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4628 @noindent |
25474 | 4629 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}. |
4630 | |
4631 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper}, | |
4632 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To | |
4633 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-}, | |
4634 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here | |
4635 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word: | |
4636 | |
4637 @lisp | |
4638 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word) | |
4639 @end lisp | |
4640 | |
4641 @itemize @bullet | |
4642 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4643 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4644 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4645 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4646 terminals. Non-@acronym{ASCII} keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4647 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category. |
25474 | 4648 |
4649 @end itemize | |
4650 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4651 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions. |
25474 | 4652 |
4653 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4654 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4655 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm} |
25474 | 4656 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key |
4657 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4658 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4659 Support, emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4660 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4661 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4662 asking for further help: |
25474 | 4663 |
4664 @itemize @bullet | |
4665 | |
4666 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4667 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager. |
25474 | 4668 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the |
4669 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?) | |
4670 | |
4671 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4672 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to |
25474 | 4673 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
4674 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4675 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4676 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-@acronym{ASCII} character, put this in |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4677 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file: |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4678 |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4679 @example |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4680 XTerm*eightBitInput: false |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4681 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4682 @end example |
25474 | 4683 |
4684 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4685 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4686 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4687 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4688 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it. |
25474 | 4689 |
4690 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4691 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4692 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits |
25474 | 4693 of every character. |
4694 | |
4695 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4696 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
25474 | 4697 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps. |
4698 | |
4699 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4700 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when |
25474 | 4701 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it |
4702 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource | |
4703 specification will do this: | |
4704 | |
4705 @example | |
4706 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
4707 @end example | |
4708 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4709 @noindent |
25474 | 4710 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.) |
4711 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4712 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation: |
25474 | 4713 |
4714 @example | |
4715 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
4716 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
4717 @end example | |
4718 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4719 @noindent |
25474 | 4720 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}. |
4721 | |
4722 @end itemize | |
4723 | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4724 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, SPC no longer completes file names, Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings |
25474 | 4725 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x? |
4726 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta} | |
4727 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4728 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key |
25474 | 4729 |
4730 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4731 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4732 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4733 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4734 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4735 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are: |
25474 | 4736 |
4737 @example | |
4738 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
4739 @end example | |
4740 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4741 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4742 @c solved? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4743 |
25474 | 4744 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be |
4745 undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
4746 | |
67483
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4747 @node SPC no longer completes file names, , ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Key bindings |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4748 @section Why doesn't SPC complete file names anymore? |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4749 @cindex @kbd{SPC} file name completion |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4750 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4751 Starting with Emacs 22.1, @kbd{SPC} no longer completes file names in |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4752 the minibuffer, so that file names with embedded spaces could be typed |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4753 without the need to quote the spaces. |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4754 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4755 You can get the old behavior by binding @kbd{SPC} to |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4756 @code{minibuffer-complete-word} in the minibuffer, as follows: |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4757 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4758 @lisp |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4759 (define-key minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map (kbd "SPC") |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4760 'minibuffer-complete-word) |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4761 |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4762 (define-key minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map (kbd "SPC") |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4763 'minibuffer-complete-word) |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4764 @end lisp |
b6000aca7291
Set VER to `22.1'.
Romain Francoise <romain@orebokech.com>
parents:
66325
diff
changeset
|
4765 |
25474 | 4766 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
4767 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top | |
4768 @chapter Alternate character sets | |
4769 @cindex Alternate character sets | |
4770 | |
4771 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4772 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4773 * Inputting eight-bit characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4774 * Kanji and Chinese characters:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4775 * Right-to-left alphabets:: |
25474 | 4776 @end menu |
4777 | |
4778 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets | |
4779 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
4780 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters | |
4781 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying | |
4782 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4783 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
4784 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4785 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4786 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4787 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
4788 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4789 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4790 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4791 terminal coding system automatically. |
25474 | 4792 |
4793 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
4794 @section How do I input eight-bit characters? | |
4795 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters | |
4796 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4797 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters |
25474 | 4798 |
28127 | 4799 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4800 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4801 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input |
28127 | 4802 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}. |
25474 | 4803 |
4804 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4805 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets? |
25474 | 4806 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs |
4807 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs | |
4808 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs | |
4809 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs | |
4810 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4811 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4812 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4813 to find and download the latest version of Emacs. |
25474 | 4814 |
4815 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets | |
4816 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
4817 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets | |
4818 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs | |
4819 @cindex Semitic alphabets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4820 @cindex Arabic alphabets |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4821 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4822 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4823 yet support right-to-left character entry and display. |
25474 | 4824 |
4825 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called | |
4826 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It | |
4827 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for | |
4828 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package. | |
4829 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4830 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4831 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4832 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support. |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4833 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux. |
25474 | 4834 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4835 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew}; |
25474 | 4836 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files. |
4837 | |
4838 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4839 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top | |
4840 @chapter Mail and news | |
4841 @cindex Mail and news | |
4842 | |
4843 @menu | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4844 * Changing the included text prefix:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4845 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4846 * Expanding aliases when sending mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4847 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4848 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4849 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4850 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4851 * Replying to the sender of a message:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4852 * MIME with Emacs mail packages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4853 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4854 * Reading news with Emacs:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4855 * Gnus does not work with NNTP:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4856 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4857 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4858 * Starting Gnus faster:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4859 * Catching up in all newsgroups:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4860 * Killing based on nonstandard headers:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4861 * Removing flashing messages:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4862 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4863 * Gnus hangs for a long time:: |
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
4864 * Learning more about Gnus:: |
25474 | 4865 @end menu |
4866 | |
4867 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news | |
4868 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? | |
4869 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing | |
4870 @cindex Included text prefix, changing | |
4871 @cindex Setting the included text character | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4872 @cindex Quoting in mail messages |
25474 | 4873 |
4874 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable | |
4875 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}. | |
4876 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}. | |
4877 | |
4878 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}. | |
4879 | |
4880 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to | |
4881 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an | |
4882 appropriate regexp. | |
4883 | |
4884 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news | |
4885 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
4886 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail | |
4887 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file | |
4888 @cindex Filing outgoing mail | |
4889 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail | |
4890 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically | |
4891 | |
4892 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the | |
4893 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by | |
4894 including an @samp{FCC} header. | |
4895 | |
4896 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to | |
4897 yourself by putting | |
4898 | |
4899 @lisp | |
4900 (setq mail-self-blind t) | |
4901 @end lisp | |
4902 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4903 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4904 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4905 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4906 file: |
25474 | 4907 |
4908 @lisp | |
4909 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) | |
4910 @end lisp | |
4911 | |
4912 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly | |
4913 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}. | |
4914 | |
4915 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your | |
4916 components file. | |
4917 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4918 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc} |
25474 | 4919 file. |
4920 | |
4921 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news | |
4922 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
4923 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail | |
4924 @cindex Mail alias expansion | |
4925 @cindex Sending mail with aliases | |
4926 | |
4927 @itemize @bullet | |
4928 | |
4929 @item | |
4930 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
4931 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses | |
4932 like this one: | |
4933 | |
4934 @example | |
4935 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> | |
4936 @end example | |
4937 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4938 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4939 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4940 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4941 @file{~/.mailrc} file. |
25474 | 4942 |
4943 @item | |
4944 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session, | |
4945 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4946 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to |
25474 | 4947 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}. |
4948 | |
4949 @item | |
4950 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you | |
4951 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following: | |
4952 | |
4953 @lisp | |
34922 | 4954 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup) |
25474 | 4955 @end lisp |
4956 | |
4957 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type | |
4958 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their | |
4959 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4960 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}). |
25474 | 4961 @end itemize |
4962 | |
4963 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news | |
4964 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
4965 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message | |
4966 | |
4967 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail | |
4968 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try | |
4969 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it | |
4970 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the | |
4971 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the | |
4972 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}. | |
4973 | |
4974 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news | |
4975 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? | |
4976 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in | |
4977 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail | |
4978 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder | |
4979 | |
4980 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions | |
4981 and their key bindings. | |
4982 | |
4983 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news | |
4984 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}? | |
4985 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail} | |
4986 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail | |
4987 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4988 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4989 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files. |
25474 | 4990 |
4991 RMS writes: | |
4992 | |
4993 @quotation | |
4994 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4995 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4996 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4997 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4998 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4999 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}. |
25474 | 5000 @end quotation |
5001 | |
5002 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news | |
5003 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? | |
5004 @cindex Recovering munged mail files | |
5005 @cindex Rmail munged my files | |
5006 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail | |
5007 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5008 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5009 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with |
25474 | 5010 @kbd{C-x k}). |
5011 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5012 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files |
25474 | 5013 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox |
5014 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each | |
5015 message. | |
5016 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5017 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5018 @cindex @code{unrmail} command |
25474 | 5019 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail |
5020 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the | |
5021 input and output file names. | |
5022 | |
39304
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5023 @pindex b2m |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5024 Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5025 Emacs. @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this: |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5026 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5027 @example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5028 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5029 @end example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5030 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5031 @noindent |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5032 where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5033 @var{mbox-file} is the name of the file where the converted mail will |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5034 be written. |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5035 |
25474 | 5036 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news |
5037 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients? | |
5038 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message | |
5039 @cindex Sender, replying only to | |
5040 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in | |
5041 | |
5042 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit | |
5043 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original | |
5044 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC} | |
5045 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}), | |
5046 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole | |
5047 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the | |
5048 best fix I've been able to come up with: | |
5049 | |
5050 @lisp | |
5051 (defun rmail-reply-t () | |
5052 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)" | |
5053 (interactive) | |
5054 (rmail-reply t)) | |
5055 | |
5056 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5057 (lambda () |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5058 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t) |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5059 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply))) |
25474 | 5060 @end lisp |
5061 | |
5062 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news | |
49429
bb4e71346ae7
Minor @code usage fix.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
48785
diff
changeset
|
5063 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? |
25474 | 5064 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages |
5065 @cindex Mail packages and MIME | |
5066 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs | |
5067 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5068 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5069 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5070 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3. |
25474 | 5071 |
5072 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news | |
5073 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
5074 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically | |
5075 @cindex News reader, starting automatically | |
5076 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically | |
5077 | |
5078 To start Emacs in Gnus: | |
5079 | |
5080 @example | |
5081 emacs -f gnus | |
5082 @end example | |
5083 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5084 @noindent |
25474 | 5085 in Rmail: |
5086 | |
5087 @example | |
5088 emacs -f rmail | |
5089 @end example | |
5090 | |
5091 A more convenient way to start with Gnus: | |
5092 | |
5093 @example | |
5094 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
5095 gnus | |
5096 @end example | |
5097 | |
5098 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader | |
5099 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5100 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for |
25474 | 5101 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. |
5102 | |
5103 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news | |
5104 @section How do I read news under Emacs? | |
5105 @cindex Reading news under Emacs | |
5106 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs | |
5107 @cindex Gnus newsreader | |
5108 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5109 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5110 something}). |
25474 | 5111 |
5112 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news | |
5113 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? | |
5114 @cindex Gnus and NNTP | |
5115 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with | |
5116 | |
5117 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
5118 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one | |
5119 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version | |
5120 1.5.11 claims to fix this. | |
5121 | |
5122 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
5123 | |
5124 @lisp | |
5125 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
5126 @end lisp | |
5127 | |
5128 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
5129 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5130 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5131 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out. |
25474 | 5132 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
5133 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas. |
25474 | 5134 |
5135 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news | |
5136 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)? | |
5137 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles | |
5138 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining | |
5139 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles | |
5140 | |
5141 Underlining appears like this: | |
5142 | |
5143 @example | |
5144 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
5145 @end example | |
5146 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5147 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following |
25474 | 5148 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5149 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus: |
25474 | 5150 |
5151 @lisp | |
5152 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike () | |
5153 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands. | |
5154 (save-excursion | |
5155 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer) | |
5156 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)) | |
5157 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
5158 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t) | |
5159 (let ((next (following-char)) | |
5160 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2)))) | |
5161 (cond ((eq next previous) | |
5162 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5163 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5164 'face 'bold)) | |
5165 ((eq next ?_) | |
5166 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point))) | |
5167 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) | |
5168 'face 'underline)) | |
5169 ((eq previous ?_) | |
5170 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5171 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5172 'face 'underline)))))))) | |
5173 | |
5174 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike) | |
5175 @end lisp | |
5176 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5177 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5178 |
25474 | 5179 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can |
5180 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this | |
5181 automatically via | |
5182 | |
5183 @lisp | |
5184 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5185 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max)))) |
25474 | 5186 @end lisp |
5187 | |
5188 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news | |
5189 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? | |
5190 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving | |
5191 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus | |
5192 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in | |
5193 | |
5194 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer | |
5195 to see a list of available commands. | |
5196 | |
5197 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news | |
5198 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster? | |
5199 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus | |
5200 @cindex Starting Gnus faster | |
5201 @cindex Gnus, starting faster | |
5202 | |
5203 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}): | |
5204 | |
5205 @quotation | |
5206 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted | |
5207 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to | |
5208 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version | |
5209 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the | |
5210 following settings: | |
5211 | |
5212 @lisp | |
5213 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil | |
5214 gnus-read-active-file 'some | |
5215 gnus-nov-is-evil nil | |
5216 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server)) | |
5217 @end lisp | |
5218 @end quotation | |
5219 | |
5220 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news | |
5221 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? | |
5222 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus | |
5223 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in | |
5224 | |
5225 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e} | |
5226 | |
5227 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point | |
5228 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer. | |
5229 | |
5230 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news | |
5231 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers? | |
5232 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers | |
5233 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on | |
5234 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on | |
5235 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on | |
5236 | |
5237 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5238 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields. |
25474 | 5239 |
5240 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
5241 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article | |
5242 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group). | |
5243 | |
5244 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
5245 this: | |
5246 | |
5247 @lisp | |
5248 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
5249 @end lisp | |
5250 | |
5251 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news | |
5252 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? | |
5253 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing | |
5254 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages | |
5255 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus | |
5256 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in | |
5257 | |
5258 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}. | |
5259 | |
5260 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news | |
5261 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus? | |
5262 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus | |
5263 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up | |
5264 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow | |
5265 | |
5266 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with | |
5267 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}. | |
5268 | |
5269 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news | |
5270 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? | |
5271 @cindex Hangs in Gnus | |
5272 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting | |
5273 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile | |
5274 | |
5275 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains: | |
5276 | |
5277 @quotation | |
5278 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5279 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5280 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. |
25474 | 5281 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the |
5282 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5283 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5284 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5285 so it can file the article. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5286 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5287 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5288 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5289 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5290 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5291 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5292 most folks as that update propagates around. |
25474 | 5293 @end quotation |
5294 | |
5295 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news | |
5296 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus? | |
5297 @cindex FAQ for Gnus | |
5298 @cindex Gnus FAQ | |
50791
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
5299 @cindex Learning more about Gnus |
f9b4ffb4964d
Improve previous changes (in particular, use of @uref).
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents:
50780
diff
changeset
|
5300 |
50954 | 5301 For more information on Gnus, consult the Gnus manual and FAQ, which are |
5302 part of the Gnus distribution. | |
25474 | 5303 |
5304 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top | |
5305 @unnumbered Concept Index | |
5306 @printindex cp | |
5307 | |
5308 @contents | |
5309 @bye | |
52401 | 5310 |
5311 @ignore | |
5312 arch-tag: fee0d62d-06cf-43d8-ac21-123408eaf10f | |
5313 @end ignore |