Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/eshell.texi @ 35758:aa069bbee4c8
Work around small preprocessor bugs in sunos4 pcc and MinGW.
author | Francesco Potortì <pot@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 31 Jan 2001 08:53:56 +0000 |
parents | 84253e69015f |
children | 753bb928f910 |
rev | line source |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 |
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3 @c "@(#)$Name: $:$Id: eshell.texi,v 1.8 2001/01/26 06:19:25 johnw Exp $" |
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4 |
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5 @c Documentation for Eshell: The Emacs Shell. |
34304 | 6 @c Copyright (C) 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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7 |
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8 @c This file is part of GNU Emacs |
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9 |
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10 @c GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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11 @c under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the |
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12 @c Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at |
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13 @c your option) any later version. |
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14 |
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15 @c GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
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16 @c WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warraonty of |
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17 @c MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
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18 @c General Public License for more details. |
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19 |
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20 @c You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
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21 @c along with Eshell; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free |
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22 @c Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
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23 |
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24 @c %**start of header |
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25 @setfilename ../info/eshell |
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26 @settitle Eshell: The Emacs Shell |
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27 @c %**end of header |
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28 |
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29 @dircategory Emacs |
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30 @direntry |
33020 | 31 * Eshell: (eshell). A command shell implemented in Emacs Lisp. |
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32 @end direntry |
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33 @setchapternewpage on |
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34 |
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35 @ifinfo |
34304 | 36 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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37 |
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38 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this |
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39 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are |
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40 preserved on all copies. |
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41 |
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42 @ignore |
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43 Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the |
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44 results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice |
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45 identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this |
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46 paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). |
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47 @end ignore |
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48 |
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49 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this |
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50 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the |
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51 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as |
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52 in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is |
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53 distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this |
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54 one. |
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55 |
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56 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual |
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57 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, |
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58 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' and this |
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59 permission notice may be included in translations approved by the Free |
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60 Software Foundation instead of in the original English. |
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61 @end ifinfo |
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62 |
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63 @synindex vr fn |
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64 @c The titlepage section does not appear in the Info file. |
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65 @titlepage |
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66 @sp 4 |
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67 @c The title is printed in a large font. |
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68 @center @titlefont{User's Guide} |
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69 @sp |
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70 @center @titlefont{to} |
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71 @sp |
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72 @center @titlefont{Eshell: The Emacs Shell} |
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73 @ignore |
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74 @sp 2 |
33020 | 75 @center release 2.4 |
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76 @c -release- |
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77 @end ignore |
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78 @sp 3 |
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79 @center John Wiegley |
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80 @c -date- |
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81 |
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82 @c The following two commands start the copyright page for the printed |
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83 @c manual. This will not appear in the Info file. |
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84 @page |
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85 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll |
34304 | 86 Copyright @copyright{} 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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87 |
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88 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this |
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89 manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are |
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90 preserved on all copies. |
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91 |
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92 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this |
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93 manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the |
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94 section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as |
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95 in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is |
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96 distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this |
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97 one. |
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98 |
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99 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual |
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100 into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, |
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101 except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' and this |
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102 permission notice may be included in translations approved by the Free |
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103 Software Foundation instead of in the original English. |
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104 @end titlepage |
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105 |
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106 @contents |
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107 |
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108 @c ================================================================ |
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109 @c The real text starts here |
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110 @c ================================================================ |
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111 |
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112 @node Top, What is Eshell?, (dir), (dir) |
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113 @ifinfo |
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114 @top Eshell |
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115 |
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116 This manual documents Eshell, a shell-like command interpretor |
33020 | 117 implemented in Emacs Lisp. It invokes no external processes except for |
118 those requested by the user. It is intended to be a functional | |
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119 replacement for command shells such as @command{bash}, @command{zsh}, |
33020 | 120 @command{rc}, or @command{4dos}; since Emacs itself is capable of |
121 handling the sort of tasks accomplished by those tools. | |
122 @c This manual is updated to release 2.4 of Eshell. | |
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123 @end ifinfo |
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124 |
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125 @menu |
35588 | 126 * What is Eshell?:: A brief introduction to the Emacs Shell. |
127 * Installation:: For users of Emacs 20 and XEmacs. | |
128 * Command basics:: The basics of command usage. | |
129 * Commands:: | |
130 * Arguments:: | |
131 * Input/Output:: | |
132 * Process control:: | |
133 * Extension modules:: | |
134 * Extras and Goodies:: | |
135 * Bugs and ideas:: Known problems, and future ideas. | |
136 * Concept Index:: | |
137 * Function and Variable Index:: | |
138 * Key Index:: | |
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139 @end menu |
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140 |
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141 @node What is Eshell?, Installation, Top, Top |
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142 @chapter What is Eshell? |
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143 @cindex what is Eshell? |
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144 @cindex Eshell, what it is |
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145 |
33020 | 146 Eshell is a @dfn{command shell} written in Emacs Lisp. Everything it |
35588 | 147 does, it uses Emacs' facilities to do. This means that Eshell is as |
33020 | 148 portable as Emacs itself. It also means that cooperation with Lisp code |
149 is natural and seamless. | |
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150 |
33020 | 151 What is a command shell? To properly understand the role of a shell, |
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152 it's necessary to visualize what a computer does for you. Basically, a |
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153 computer is a tool; in order to use that tool, you must tell it what to |
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154 do---or give it ``commands''. These commands take many forms, such as |
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155 clicking with a mouse on certain parts of the screen. But that is only |
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156 one form of command input. |
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157 |
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158 By far the most versatile way to express what you want the computer to |
33020 | 159 do is by using an abbreviated language called @dfn{script}. In script, |
160 instead of telling the computer, ``list my files, please'', one writes | |
161 just ``list''. In fact, this command is so commonly used that it is | |
162 abbreviated to ``ls''. Typing @kbd{ls} in a command shell is a script | |
163 way of telling the computer to list your files.@footnote{This is | |
164 comparable to viewing the contents of a folder using a graphical | |
165 display.} | |
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166 |
33020 | 167 The real flexibility of this approach is apparent only when you realize |
168 that there are many, many different ways to list files. Perhaps you | |
169 want them sorted by name, sorted by date, in reverse order, or grouped | |
170 by type. Most graphical browsers have simple ways to express this. But | |
171 what about showing only a few files, or only files that meet a certain | |
172 criteria? In very complex and specific situations, the request becomes | |
173 too difficult to express using a mouse or pointing device. It is just | |
174 these kinds of requests that are easily solved using a command shell. | |
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175 |
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176 For example, what if you want to list every Word file on your hard |
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177 drive, larger than 100 kilobytes in size, and which hasn't been looked |
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178 at in over six months? That is a good candidate list for deletion, when |
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179 you go to clean up your hard drive. But have you ever tried asking your |
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180 computer for such a list? There is no way to do it! At least, not |
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181 without using a command shell. |
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182 |
33020 | 183 The role of a command shell is to give you more control over what your |
184 computer does for you. Not everyone needs this amount of control, and | |
185 it does come at a cost: Learning the necessary script commands to | |
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186 express what you want done. A complicated query, such as the example |
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187 above, takes time to learn. But if you find yourself using your |
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188 computer frequently enough, it is more than worthwhile in the long run. |
33020 | 189 Any tool you use often deserves the time spent learning to master it. |
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190 @footnote{For the understandably curious, here is what that command |
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191 looks like: But don't let it fool you; once you know what's going on, |
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192 it's easier than it looks: @code{ls -lt **/*.doc(Lk+50aM+5)}.} |
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193 |
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194 As of Emacs 21, Eshell is part of the standard Emacs distribution. |
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195 |
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196 @menu |
33020 | 197 * Contributors to Eshell:: People who have helped out! |
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198 @end menu |
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199 |
33020 | 200 @node Contributors to Eshell, , What is Eshell?, What is Eshell? |
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201 @section Contributors to Eshell |
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202 @cindex contributors |
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203 @cindex authors |
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204 |
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205 Contributions to Eshell are welcome. I have limited time to work on |
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206 this project, but I will gladly add any code you contribute to me to |
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207 this package. |
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208 |
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209 The following persons have made contributions to Eshell. |
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210 |
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211 @itemize @bullet |
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212 @item |
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213 Eli Zaretskii made it possible for Eshell to run without requiring |
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214 asynchronous subprocess support. This is important for MS-DOS, which |
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215 does not have such support.@refill |
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216 |
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217 @item |
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218 Miles Bader contributed many fixes during the port to Emacs 21.@refill |
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219 |
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220 @item |
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221 Stefan Monnier fixed the things which bothered him, which of course made |
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222 things better for all.@refill |
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223 |
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224 @item |
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225 Gerd Moellmann also helped to contribute bug fixes during the initial |
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226 integration with Emacs 21.@refill |
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227 |
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228 @item |
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229 Alex Schroeder contributed code for interactively querying the user |
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230 before overwriting files.@refill |
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231 |
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232 @item |
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233 Sudish Joseph helped with some XEmacs compatibility issues.@refill |
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234 @end itemize |
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235 |
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236 Apart from these, a lot of people have sent suggestions, ideas, |
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237 requests, bug reports and encouragement. Thanks a lot! Without you |
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238 there would be no new releases of Eshell. |
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239 |
33020 | 240 @node Installation, Command basics, What is Eshell?, Top |
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241 @chapter Installation |
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242 @cindex installation |
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243 |
33020 | 244 As mentioned above, Eshell comes preinstalled as of Emacs 21. If you're |
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245 using Emacs 20.4 or later, or XEmacs 21, you can download the most |
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246 recent version of Eshell from |
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247 @url{http://www.gci-net.com/users/j/johnw/Emacs/eshell.tar.gz}. |
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248 |
33020 | 249 However, if you are using Emacs 21, you may skip this section. |
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250 |
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251 @section Short Form |
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252 |
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253 Here's exactly what to do, with no explanation why: |
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254 |
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255 @enumerate |
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256 @item |
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257 @samp{M-x load-file RET eshell-auto.el RET}. |
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258 |
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259 @item |
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260 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET}. |
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261 |
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262 @item |
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263 @samp{ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET}. |
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264 |
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265 @item |
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266 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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267 |
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268 You should see a version banner displayed. |
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269 |
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270 @item |
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271 @samp{ls RET}. |
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272 |
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273 Confirm that you see a file listing. |
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274 |
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275 @item |
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276 @samp{eshell-test RET}. |
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277 |
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278 Confirm that everything runs correctly. Use @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug} if |
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279 not. |
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280 |
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281 @item |
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282 @samp{cd $@{dirname (locate-library "eshell-auto")@} RET}. |
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283 |
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284 @item |
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285 @samp{find-file Makefile RET}. |
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286 |
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287 @item |
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288 Edit the Makefile to reflect your site. |
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289 |
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290 @item |
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291 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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292 |
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293 @item |
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294 @samp{make install RET}. |
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295 |
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296 @item |
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297 @samp{find-file $user-init-file RET}. |
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298 |
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299 @item |
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300 Add the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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301 |
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302 @example |
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303 (add-to-list 'load-path "<directory where you install Eshell>") |
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304 (load "eshell-auto") |
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305 @end example |
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306 |
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307 @item |
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308 @samp{M-x eshell RET}. |
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309 |
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310 @item |
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311 @samp{customize-option #'eshell-modules-list RET}. |
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312 |
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313 @item |
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314 Select the extension modules you prefer. |
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315 |
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316 @item |
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317 Restart Emacs! |
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318 |
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319 @item |
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320 @samp{M-x info RET m Eshell RET}. |
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321 |
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322 Read the manual and enjoy! |
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323 @end enumerate |
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324 |
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325 @section Long Form |
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326 |
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327 @enumerate |
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328 @item |
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329 Before building and installing Eshell, it is important to test that it |
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330 will work properly on your system. To do this, first load the file |
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331 @file{eshell-auto}, which will define certain autoloads required to run |
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332 Eshell. This can be done using the command @kbd{M-x load-file}, and |
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333 then selecting the file @file{eshell-auto.el}. |
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334 |
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335 @item |
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336 In order for Emacs to find Eshell's files, the Eshell directory must be |
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337 added to the @code{load-path} variable. This can be done within Emacs by |
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338 typing: |
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339 |
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340 @example |
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341 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Eshell resides>") RET |
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342 ESC : (add-to-list 'load-path "<path where Pcomplete resides>") RET |
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343 @end example |
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344 |
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345 @item |
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346 Start Eshell from the distributed sources, using default settings, by |
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347 typing @kbd{M-x eshell}. |
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348 |
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349 @item |
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350 Verify that Eshell is functional by typing @command{ls} followed by |
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351 @key{RET}. You should have already seen a version banner announcing the |
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352 version number of this release, followed by a prompt. |
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353 |
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354 @item |
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355 Run the test suite by typing @command{eshell-test} followed by @key{RET} |
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356 in the Eshell buffer. It is important that Emacs be left alone while |
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357 the tests are running, since extraneous command input may cause some of |
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358 the tests to fail (they were never intended to run in the background). |
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359 If all of the tests pass, Eshell should work just fine on your system. |
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360 If any of the tests fail, please send e-mail to the Eshell maintainer |
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361 using the command @kbd{M-x eshell-report-bug}. |
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362 |
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363 @item |
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364 Edit the file @file{Makefile} in the directory containing the Eshell |
35588 | 365 sources to reflect the location of certain Emacs directories at your |
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366 site. The only things you really have to change are the definitions of |
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367 @code{lispdir} and @code{infodir}. The elisp files will be copied to |
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368 @code{lispdir}, and the info file to @code{infodir}. |
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369 |
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370 @item |
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371 Type @kbd{make install} in the directory containing the Eshell sources. |
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372 This will byte-compile all of the @file{*.el} files and copy both the |
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373 source and compiled versions to the directories specified in the |
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374 previous step. It will also copy the info file, and add a corresponding |
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375 entry to your @file{dir} file----if the program @code{install-info} can |
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376 be found on your system. |
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377 |
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378 If you only want to create the compiled elisp files, but don't want to |
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379 install them, you can type just @kbd{make} instead. |
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380 |
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381 @item |
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382 Add the directory into which Eshell was installed to your |
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383 @code{load-path} variable. This can be done by adding the following |
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384 line to your @file{.emacs} file: |
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385 |
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386 @example |
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387 (add-to-list 'load-path "/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/eshell") |
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388 @end example |
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389 |
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390 The actual directory on your system may differ. |
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391 |
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392 @item |
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393 To install Eshell privately, edit your @file{.emacs} file; to install |
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394 Eshell site-wide, edit the file @file{site-start.el} in your |
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395 @file{site-lisp} directory (usually |
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396 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp} or something similar). In |
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397 either case enter the following line into the appropriate file: |
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398 |
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399 @example |
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400 (load "eshell-auto") |
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401 @end example |
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402 |
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403 @item |
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404 Restart Emacs. After restarting, customize the variable |
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405 @code{eshell-modules-list}. This variable selects which Eshell |
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406 extension modules you want to use. You will find documentation on each |
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407 of those modules in the Info manual. |
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408 @end enumerate |
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409 |
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410 @cindex documentation, printed version |
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411 @cindex printed version of documentation |
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412 If you have @TeX{} installed at your site, you can make a typeset manual |
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413 from @file{eshell.texi}. |
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414 |
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415 @enumerate |
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416 @item |
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417 Run @TeX{} by typing @kbd{texi2dvi eshell.texi}. (With Emacs 21.1 or |
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418 later, typing @kbd{make eshell.dvi} in the @file{man/} subdirectory of |
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419 the Emacs source distribution will do that.) |
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420 |
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421 @item |
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422 Convert the resulting device independent file @file{eshell.dvi} to a |
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423 form which your printer can output and print it. If you have a |
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424 postscript printer, there is a program, @code{dvi2ps}, which does that; there |
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425 is also a program which comes together with @TeX{}, @code{dvips}, which |
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426 you can use. For other printers, use a suitable DVI driver, |
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427 e.g., @code{dvilj4} for LaserJet-compatible printers. |
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428 @end enumerate |
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429 |
35588 | 430 @node Command basics, Commands, Installation, Top |
431 @chapter Basic overview | |
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432 |
35588 | 433 A command shell is a means of entering verbally-formed commands. This |
434 is really all that it does, and every feature described in this manual | |
435 is a means to that end. Therefore, it's important to take firm hold on | |
436 exactly what a command is, and how it fits in the overall picture of | |
437 things. | |
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438 |
33020 | 439 @menu |
440 * Commands verbs:: Commands always begin with a verb. | |
441 * Command arguments:: Some verbs require arguments. | |
442 @end menu | |
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443 |
33020 | 444 @node Commands verbs, Command arguments, Command basics, Command basics |
445 @section Commands verbs | |
446 | |
447 Commands are expressed using @dfn{script}, a special shorthand language | |
35588 | 448 computers can understand with no trouble. Script is an extremely simple |
449 language; oddly enough, this is what makes it look so complicated! | |
450 Whereas normal languages use a variety of embellishments, the form of a | |
451 script command is always: | |
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452 |
33020 | 453 @example |
454 VERB [ARGUMENTS] | |
455 @end example | |
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456 |
33020 | 457 The verb expresses what you want your computer to do. There are a fixed |
458 number of verbs, although this number is usually quite large. On the | |
459 author's computer, it reaches almost 1400 in number. But of course, | |
460 only a handful of these are really necessary. | |
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461 |
33020 | 462 Sometimes, the verb is all that's written. A verb is always a single |
35588 | 463 word, usually related to the task it performs. @command{reboot} is a |
464 good example. Entering that on Linux will cause your computer to | |
465 reboot---assuming you have sufficient privileges. | |
33020 | 466 |
35588 | 467 Other verbs require more information. These are usually very capable |
468 verbs, and must be told specifically what to do. The extra information | |
469 is given in the form of @dfn{arguments}. For example, the | |
470 @command{echo} verb prints back whatever arguments you type. It | |
471 requires these arguments to know what to echo. A proper use of | |
33020 | 472 @command{echo} looks like this: |
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473 |
33020 | 474 @example |
35588 | 475 echo This is an example of using echo! |
33020 | 476 @end example |
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477 |
35588 | 478 This script command causes the computer to echo back: ``This is an |
479 example of using echo!''. | |
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480 |
35588 | 481 Although command verbs are always simple words, like @command{reboot} or |
482 @command{echo}, arguments may have a wide variety of forms. There are | |
483 textual arguments, numerical arguments---even Lisp arguments. | |
484 Distinguishing these different types of arguments requires special | |
485 typing, for the computer to know exactly what you mean. | |
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486 |
33020 | 487 @node Command arguments, , Commands verbs, Command basics |
488 @section Command arguments | |
489 | |
35588 | 490 Eshell recognizes several different kinds of command arguments: |
491 | |
492 @enumerate | |
493 @item Strings (also called textual arguments) | |
494 @item Numbers (floating point or integer) | |
495 @item Lisp lists | |
496 @item Lisp symbols | |
497 @item Emacs buffers | |
498 @item Emacs process handles | |
499 @end enumerate | |
500 | |
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501 Most users need to worry only about the first two. The third, Lisp lists, |
35588 | 502 occur very frequently, but almost always behind the scenes. |
503 | |
504 Strings are the most common type of argument, and consist of nearly any | |
505 character. Special characters---those used by Eshell | |
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506 specifically---must be preceded by a backslash (@samp{\}). When in doubt, it |
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507 is safe to add backslashes anywhere and everywhere. |
35588 | 508 |
509 Here is a more complicated @command{echo} example: | |
510 | |
511 @example | |
512 echo A\ Multi-word\ Argument\ With\ A\ \$\ dollar | |
513 @end example | |
514 | |
515 Beyond this, things get a bit more complicated. While not beyond the | |
516 reach of someone wishing to learn, it is definitely beyond the scope of | |
517 this manual to present it all in a simplistic manner. Get comfortable | |
518 with Eshell as a basic command invocation tool, and learn more about the | |
519 commands on your system; then come back when it all sits more familiarly | |
520 on your mind. Have fun! | |
521 | |
522 @node Commands, Arguments, Command basics, Top | |
523 @chapter Commands | |
524 | |
525 @menu | |
526 * Invocation:: | |
527 * Completion:: | |
528 * Aliases:: | |
529 * History:: | |
530 * Scripts:: | |
531 @end menu | |
532 | |
533 @node Invocation, Completion, Commands, Commands | |
534 @section Invocation | |
535 | |
536 @node Completion, Aliases, Invocation, Commands | |
537 @section Completion | |
538 | |
539 @node Aliases, History, Completion, Commands | |
540 @section Aliases | |
541 | |
542 @node History, Scripts, Aliases, Commands | |
543 @section History | |
544 | |
545 @node Scripts, , History, Commands | |
546 @section Scripts | |
547 | |
548 | |
549 @node Arguments, Input/Output, Commands, Top | |
550 @chapter Arguments | |
551 | |
552 @menu | |
553 * The Parser:: | |
554 * Variables:: | |
555 * Substitution:: | |
556 * Globbing:: | |
557 * Predicates:: | |
558 @end menu | |
559 | |
560 @node The Parser, Variables, Arguments, Arguments | |
561 @section The Parser | |
562 | |
563 @node Variables, Substitution, The Parser, Arguments | |
564 @section Variables | |
565 | |
566 @node Substitution, Globbing, Variables, Arguments | |
567 @section Substitution | |
568 | |
569 @node Globbing, Predicates, Substitution, Arguments | |
570 @section Globbing | |
571 | |
572 @node Predicates, , Globbing, Arguments | |
573 @section Predicates | |
574 | |
575 | |
576 @node Input/Output, Process control, Arguments, Top | |
577 @chapter Input/Output | |
578 | |
579 @node Process control, Extension modules, Input/Output, Top | |
580 @chapter Process control | |
581 | |
582 | |
583 @node Extension modules, Extras and Goodies, Process control, Top | |
584 @chapter Extension modules | |
585 | |
586 @menu | |
587 * Writing a module:: | |
588 * Module testing:: | |
589 * Directory handling:: | |
590 * Key rebinding:: | |
591 * Smart scrolling:: | |
592 * Terminal emulation:: | |
593 * Built-in UNIX commands:: | |
594 @end menu | |
595 | |
596 @node Writing a module, Module testing, Extension modules, Extension modules | |
597 @section Writing a module | |
598 | |
599 @node Module testing, Directory handling, Writing a module, Extension modules | |
600 @section Module testing | |
601 | |
602 @node Directory handling, Key rebinding, Module testing, Extension modules | |
603 @section Directory handling | |
604 | |
605 @node Key rebinding, Smart scrolling, Directory handling, Extension modules | |
606 @section Key rebinding | |
607 | |
608 @node Smart scrolling, Terminal emulation, Key rebinding, Extension modules | |
609 @section Smart scrolling | |
610 | |
611 @node Terminal emulation, Built-in UNIX commands, Smart scrolling, Extension modules | |
612 @section Terminal emulation | |
613 | |
614 @node Built-in UNIX commands, , Terminal emulation, Extension modules | |
615 @section Built-in UNIX commands | |
616 | |
617 | |
618 @node Extras and Goodies, Bugs and ideas, Extension modules, Top | |
619 @chapter Extras and Goodies | |
620 | |
621 @node Bugs and ideas, Concept Index, Extras and Goodies, Top | |
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622 @chapter Bugs and ideas |
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623 @cindex reporting bugs and ideas |
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624 @cindex bugs, how to report them |
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625 @cindex author, how to reach |
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626 @cindex email to the author |
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627 @cindex FAQ |
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628 @cindex problems, list of common |
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629 |
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630 If you find a bug or misfeature, don't hesitate to let me know! Send |
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631 email to @email{johnw@@gnu.org}. Feature requests should also be sent |
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632 there. I prefer discussing one thing at a time. If you find several |
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633 unrelated bugs, please report them separately. |
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634 |
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635 If you have ideas for improvements, or if you have written some |
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636 extensions to this package, I would like to hear from you. I hope you |
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637 find this package useful! |
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638 |
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639 @menu |
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640 * Known problems:: |
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641 @end menu |
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642 |
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643 @node Known problems, , Bugs and ideas, Bugs and ideas |
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644 @section Known problems |
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645 @cindex known bugs |
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646 @cindex bugs, known |
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647 |
35588 | 648 Below is complete list of known problems with Eshell version 2.4.1, |
649 which is the version included with Emacs 21.1. | |
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650 |
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651 @table @asis |
33020 | 652 @item Differentiate between aliases and functions |
653 | |
654 Allow for a bash-compatible syntax, such as: | |
655 | |
656 @example | |
657 alias arg=blah | |
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658 function arg () @{ blah $* @} |
33020 | 659 @end example |
660 | |
661 @item @samp{for i in 1 2 3 @{ grep -q a b && *echo has it @} | wc -l} outputs result after prompt | |
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662 |
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663 In fact, piping to a process from a looping construct doesn't work in |
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664 general. If I change the call to @code{eshell-copy-handles} in |
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665 @code{eshell-rewrite-for-command} to use @code{eshell-protect}, it seems |
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666 to work, but the output occurs after the prompt is displayed. The whole |
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667 structured command thing is too complicated at present. |
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668 |
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669 @item Error with @command{bc} in @code{eshell-test} |
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670 |
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671 On some XEmacs system, the subprocess interaction test fails |
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672 inexplicably, although @command{bc} works fine at the command prompt. |
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673 |
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674 @item Eshell does not delete @file{*Help*} buffers in XEmacs 21.1.8+ |
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675 |
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676 In XEmacs 21.1.8, the @file{*Help*} buffer has been renamed such that |
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677 multiple instances of the @file{*Help*} buffer can exist. |
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678 |
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679 @item Pcomplete sometimes gets stuck |
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680 |
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681 You press @key{TAB}, but no completions appear, even though the |
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682 directory has matching files. This behavior is rare. |
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683 |
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684 @item @samp{grep python $<rpm -qa>} doesn't work, but using @samp{*grep} does |
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685 |
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686 This happens because the @code{grep} Lisp function returns immediately, |
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687 and then the asynchronous @command{grep} process expects to examine the |
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688 temporary file, which has since been deleted. |
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689 |
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690 @item Problem with C-r repeating text |
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691 |
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692 If the text @emph{before point} reads "./run", and you type @kbd{C-r r u |
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693 n}, it will repeat the line for every character typed. |
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694 |
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695 @item Backspace doesn't scroll back after continuing (in smart mode) |
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696 |
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697 Hitting space during a process invocation, such as @command{make}, will |
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698 cause it to track the bottom of the output; but backspace no longer |
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699 scrolls back. |
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700 |
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701 @item It's not possible to fully @code{unload-feature} Eshell |
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702 |
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703 @item Menu support was removed, but never put back |
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704 |
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705 @item Using C-p and C-n with rebind gets into a locked state |
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706 |
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707 This happened a few times in Emacs 21, but has been unreproducable |
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708 since. |
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709 |
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710 @item If an interactive process is currently running, @kbd{M-!} doesn't work |
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711 |
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712 @item Use a timer instead of @code{sleep-for} when killing child processes |
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713 |
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714 @item Piping to a Lisp function is not supported |
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715 |
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716 Make it so that the Lisp command on the right of the pipe is repeatedly |
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717 called with the input strings as arguments. This will require changing |
33020 | 718 @code{eshell-do-pipeline} to handle non-process targets. |
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719 |
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720 @item Input redirection is not supported |
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721 |
33020 | 722 See the above entry. |
723 | |
35588 | 724 @item Problem running @command{less} without arguments on Windows |
33020 | 725 |
726 The result in the Eshell buffer is: | |
727 | |
728 @example | |
729 Spawning child process: invalid argument | |
730 @end example | |
731 | |
732 Also a new @command{less} buffer was created with nothing in it@dots{} | |
733 (presumably this holds the output of @command{less}). | |
734 | |
735 If @command{less.exe} is invoked from the Eshell command line, the | |
736 expected output is written to the buffer. | |
737 | |
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738 Note that this happens on NT-Emacs 20.6.1 on Windows 2000. The term.el |
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739 package and the supplied shell both use the @command{cmdproxy} program |
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740 for running shells. |
33020 | 741 |
742 @item Implement @samp{-r}, @samp{-n} and @samp{-s} switches for @command{cp} | |
743 | |
744 @item Make @kbd{M-5 M-x eshell} switch to ``*eshell<5>*'', creating if need be | |
745 | |
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746 @item @samp{mv @var{dir} @var{file}.tar} does not remove directories |
33020 | 747 |
748 This is because the tar option --remove-files doesn't do so. Should it | |
749 be Eshell's job? | |
750 | |
751 @item Bind @code{standard-output} and @code{standard-error} | |
752 | |
753 This would be so that if a Lisp function calls @code{print}, everything | |
754 will happen as it should (albeit slowly). | |
755 | |
756 @item When an extension module fails to load, @samp{cd /} gives a Lisp error | |
757 | |
758 @item If a globbing pattern returns one match, should it be a list? | |
759 | |
760 @item Make sure syntax table is correct in Eshell mode | |
761 | |
762 So that @kbd{M-DEL} acts in a predictable manner, etc. | |
763 | |
764 @item Allow all Eshell buffers to share the same history and list-dir | |
765 | |
766 @item There is a problem with script commands that output to @file{/dev/null} | |
767 | |
768 If a script file, somewhere in the middle, uses @samp{> /dev/null}, | |
769 output from all subsequent commands is swallowed. | |
770 | |
771 @item Split up parsing of text after @samp{$} in @file{esh-var.el} | |
772 | |
773 Make it similar to the way that @file{esh-arg.el} is structured. | |
774 Then add parsing of @samp{$[?\n]}. | |
775 | |
776 @item After pressing @kbd{M-RET}, redisplay before running the next command | |
777 | |
778 @item Argument predicates and modifiers should work anywhere in a path | |
779 | |
780 @example | |
781 /usr/local/src/editors/vim $ vi **/CVS(/)/Root(.) | |
782 Invalid regexp: "Unmatched ( or \\(" | |
783 @end example | |
784 | |
785 With @command{zsh}, the glob above expands to all files named | |
786 @file{Root} in directories named @file{CVS}. | |
787 | |
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788 @item Typing @samp{echo $@{locate locate@}/bin<TAB>} results in a Lisp error |
33020 | 789 |
790 Perhaps it should interpolate all permutations, and make that the | |
791 globbing result, since otherwise hitting return here will result in | |
792 ``(list of filenames)/bin'', which is never valuable. Thus, one could | |
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793 @command{cat} only C backup files by using @samp{ls $@{identity *.c@}~}. |
33020 | 794 In that case, having an alias command name @command{glob} for |
795 @command{identity} would be useful. | |
796 | |
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797 @item Fix `file-name-all-completions' for XEmacs on MS-Windows |
33020 | 798 |
799 Make sure it returns directory names terminated by | |
800 @code{directory-sep-char} (which is initialized to be @samp{?/}), rather | |
801 than backslash. | |
802 | |
803 @item Once symbolic mode is supported for @command{umask}, implement @command{chmod} in Lisp | |
804 | |
805 @item Create @code{eshell-expand-file-name} | |
806 | |
807 This would use a data table to transform things such as @samp{~+}, | |
808 @samp{...}, etc. | |
809 | |
810 @item Abstract @file{em-smart.el} into @file{smart-scroll.el} | |
811 | |
812 It only really needs: to be hooked onto the output filter and the | |
813 pre-command hook, and to have the input-end and input-start markers. | |
814 And to know whether the last output group was ``successful''. | |
815 | |
816 @item Allow for fully persisting the state of Eshell | |
817 | |
818 This would include: variables, history, buffer, input, dir stack, etc. | |
819 | |
820 @item Implement D as an argument predicate | |
821 | |
822 It means that files beginning with a dot should be included in the | |
823 glob match. | |
824 | |
825 @item A comma in a predicate list should mean OR | |
826 | |
827 At the moment, this is not supported. | |
828 | |
829 @item Error if a glob doesn't expand due to a predicate | |
830 | |
831 An error should be generated only if @code{eshell-error-if-no-glob} is | |
832 non-nil. | |
833 | |
834 @item @samp{(+ RET SPC TAB} does not cause @code{indent-according-to-mode} to occur | |
835 | |
836 @item Create @code{eshell-auto-accumulate-list} | |
837 | |
838 This is a list of commands for which, if the user presses @kbd{RET}, the | |
839 text is staged as the next Eshell command, rather than being sent to the | |
840 current interactive process. | |
841 | |
842 @item Display file and line number if an error occurs in a script | |
843 | |
844 @item @command{wait} doesn't work with process ids at the moment | |
845 | |
846 @item Enable the direct-to-process input code in @file{em-term.el} | |
847 | |
848 @item Problem with repeating @samp{echo $@{find /tmp@}} | |
849 | |
850 With smart display active, if @kbd{RET} is held down, after a while it | |
851 can't keep up anymore and starts outputting blank lines. It only | |
852 happens if an asynchronous process is involved@dots{} | |
853 | |
854 I think the problem is that @code{eshell-send-input} is resetting the | |
855 input target location, so that if the asynchronous process is not done | |
856 by the time the next @kbd{RET} is received, the input processor thinks | |
857 that the input is meant for the process; which, when smart display is | |
858 enabled, will be the text of the last command line! That is a bug in | |
859 itself. | |
860 | |
861 In holding down @kbd{RET} while an asynchronous process is running, | |
862 there will be a point in between termination of the process, and the | |
863 running of @code{eshell-post-command-hook}, which would cause | |
864 @code{eshell-send-input} to call @code{eshell-copy-old-input}, and then | |
865 process that text as a command to be run after the process. Perhaps | |
866 there should be a way of killing pending input between the death of the | |
867 process, and the @code{post-command-hook}. | |
868 | |
869 @item Allow for a more aggressive smart display mode | |
870 | |
871 Perhaps toggled by a command, that makes each output block a smart | |
872 display block. | |
873 | |
874 @item Create more meta variables | |
875 | |
876 @table @samp | |
877 @item $! | |
878 The reason for the failure of the last disk command, or the text of the | |
879 last Lisp error. | |
880 | |
881 @item $= | |
882 A special associate array, which can take references of the form | |
883 @samp{$=[REGEXP]}. It indexes into the directory ring. | |
884 @end table | |
885 | |
886 @item Eshell scripts can't execute in the background | |
887 | |
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888 @item Support zsh's ``Parameter Expansion'' syntax, i.e. @samp{$@{@var{name}:-@var{val}@}} |
33020 | 889 |
890 @item Write an @command{info} alias that can take arguments | |
891 | |
892 So that the user can enter @samp{info chmod}, for example. | |
893 | |
894 @item Create a mode @code{eshell-browse} | |
895 | |
896 It would treat the Eshell buffer as a outline. Collapsing the outline | |
897 hides all of the output text. Collapsing again would show only the | |
898 first command run in each directory | |
899 | |
900 @item Allow other revisions of a file to be referenced using @samp{file@{rev@}} | |
901 | |
902 This would be expanded by @code{eshell-expand-file-name} (see above). | |
903 | |
904 @item Print ``You have new mail'' when the ``Mail'' icon is turned on | |
905 | |
906 @item Implement @kbd{M-|} for Eshell | |
907 | |
908 @item Implement input redirection | |
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909 |
33020 | 910 If it's a Lisp function, input redirection implies @command{xargs} (in a |
911 way@dots{}). If input redirection is added, also update the | |
912 @code{file-name-quote-list}, and the delimiter list. | |
913 | |
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914 @item Allow @samp{#<@var{word} @var{arg}>} as a generic syntax |
33020 | 915 |
916 With the handling of @emph{word} specified by an | |
917 @code{eshell-special-alist}. | |
918 | |
35588 | 919 @item In @code{eshell-veal-using-options}, allow a @code{:complete} tag |
33020 | 920 |
921 It would be used to provide completion rules for that command. Then the | |
922 macro will automagically define the completion function. | |
923 | |
924 @item For @code{eshell-command-on-region}, apply redirections to the result | |
925 | |
926 So that @samp{+ > 'blah} would cause the result of the @code{+} (using | |
927 input from the current region) to be inserting into the symbol | |
928 @code{blah}. | |
929 | |
930 If an external command is being invoked, the input is sent as standard | |
931 input, as if a @samp{cat <region> |} had been invoked. | |
932 | |
933 If a Lisp command, or an alias, is invoked, then if the line has no | |
934 newline characters, it is divided by whitespace and passed as arguments | |
935 to the Lisp function. Otherwise, it is divided at the newline | |
936 characters. Thus, invoking @code{+} on a series of numbers will add | |
937 them; @code{min} would display the smallest figure, etc. | |
938 | |
939 @item Write @code{eshell-script-mode} as a minor mode | |
940 | |
941 It would provide syntax, abbrev, highlighting and indenting support like | |
942 @code{emacs-lisp-mode} and @code{shell-mode}. | |
943 | |
944 @item In the history mechanism, finish the @command{bash}-style support | |
945 | |
946 This means @samp{!n}, @samp{!#}, @samp{!:%}, and @samp{!:1-} as separate | |
947 from @samp{!:1*}. | |
948 | |
949 @item Support the -n command line option for @command{history} | |
950 | |
951 @item Implement @command{fc} in Lisp | |
952 | |
953 @item Specifying a frame as a redirection target should imply the currently active window's buffer | |
954 | |
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955 @item Implement @samp{>@var{func-or-func-list}} |
33020 | 956 |
957 This would allow for an ``output translators'', that take a function to | |
958 modify output with, and a target. Devise a syntax that works well with | |
959 pipes, and can accomodate multiple functions (i.e., @samp{>'(upcase | |
960 regexp-quote)} or @samp{>'upcase}). | |
961 | |
962 @item Allow Eshell to read/write to/from standard input and output | |
963 | |
964 This would be optional, rather than always using the Eshell buffer. | |
965 This would allow it to be run from the command line (perhaps). | |
966 | |
967 @item Write a @command{help} command | |
968 | |
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969 It would call subcommands with @option{--help}, or @option{-h} or |
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970 @option{/?}, as appropriate. |
33020 | 971 |
972 @item Implement @command{stty} in Lisp | |
973 | |
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974 @item Support @command{rc}'s matching operator, e.g. @samp{~ (@var{list}) @var{regexp}} |
33020 | 975 |
976 @item Implement @command{bg} and @command{fg} as editors of @code{eshell-process-list} | |
977 | |
978 Using @command{bg} on a process that is already in the background does | |
979 nothing. Specifying redirection targets replaces (or adds) to the list | |
980 current being used. | |
981 | |
982 @item Have @command{jobs} print only the processes for the current shell | |
983 | |
984 @item How can Eshell learn if a background process has requested input? | |
985 | |
986 @item Support @samp{2>&1} and @samp{>&} and @samp{2>} and @samp{|&} | |
987 | |
988 The syntax table for parsing these should be customizable, such that the | |
989 user could change it to use rc syntax: @samp{>[2=1]}. | |
990 | |
991 @item Allow @samp{$_[-1]}, which would indicate the last element of the array | |
992 | |
993 @item Make @samp{$x[*]} equal to listing out the full contents of @samp{x} | |
994 | |
995 Return them as a list, so that @samp{$_[*]} is all the arguments of the | |
996 last command. | |
997 | |
998 @item Copy ANSI code handling from @file{term.el} into @file{em-term.el} | |
999 | |
1000 Make it possible for the user to send char-by-char to the underlying | |
1001 process. Ultimately, I should be able to move away from using term.el | |
1002 altogether, since everything but the ANSI code handling is already part | |
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1003 of Eshell. Then, things would work correctly on MS-Windows as well |
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1004 (which doesn't have @file{/bin/sh}, although @file{term.el} tries to use |
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1005 it). |
33020 | 1006 |
1007 @item Make the shell spawning commands be visual | |
1008 | |
1009 That is, make (@command{su}, @command{bash}, @command{telnet}, | |
1010 @command{rlogin}, @command{rsh}, etc.) be part of | |
1011 @code{eshell-visual-commands}. The only exception is if the shell is | |
1012 being used to invoke a single command. Then, the behavior should be | |
1013 based on what that command is. | |
1014 | |
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1015 @item Create a smart viewing command named @command{open} |
33020 | 1016 |
1017 This would search for some way to open its argument (similar to opening | |
1018 a file in the Windows Explorer). | |
1019 | |
1020 @item Alias @command{read} to be the same as @command{open}, only read-only | |
1021 | |
1022 @item Write a @command{tail} command which uses @code{view-file} | |
1023 | |
1024 It would move point to the end of the buffer, and then turns on | |
1025 auto-revert mode in that buffer at frequent intervals---and a | |
1026 @command{head} alias which assums an upper limit of | |
1027 @code{eshell-maximum-line-length} characters per line. | |
1028 | |
1029 @item Make @command{dgrep} load @code{dired}, mark everything, then invoke @code{dired-do-search} | |
1030 | |
35588 | 1031 @item Write mesh.c |
33020 | 1032 |
1033 This would run Emacs with the appropriate arguments to invoke Eshell | |
1034 only. That way, it could be listed as a login shell. | |
1035 | |
1036 @item Use an intangible @code{PS2} string for multi-line input prompts | |
1037 | |
1038 @item Auto-detect when a command is visual, by checking @code{TERMCAP} usage | |
1039 | |
1040 @item The first keypress after @kbd{M-x watson} triggers `eshell-send-input' | |
1041 | |
1042 @item Make @kbd{/} electric | |
1043 | |
1044 So that it automatically expands and corrects pathnames. Or make | |
1045 pathname completion for Pcomplete auto-expand @samp{/u/i/std<TAB>} to | |
1046 @samp{/usr/include/std<TAB>}. | |
1047 | |
1048 @item Write the @command{pushd} stack to disk along with @code{last-dir-ring} | |
1049 | |
1050 @item Add options to @code{eshell/cat} which would allow it to sort and uniq | |
1051 | |
1052 @item Implement @command{wc} in Lisp | |
1053 | |
1054 Add support for counting sentences, paragraphs, pages, etc. | |
1055 | |
1056 @item Once piping is added, implement @command{sort} and @command{uniq} in Lisp | |
1057 | |
1058 @item Implement @command{touch} in Lisp | |
1059 | |
1060 @item Implement @command{comm} in Lisp | |
1061 | |
1062 @item Implement an @command{epatch} command in Lisp | |
1063 | |
1064 This would call @code{ediff-patch-file}, or @code{ediff-patch-buffer}, | |
1065 depending on its argument. | |
1066 | |
1067 @item Have an option such that @samp{ls -l} generates a dired buffer | |
1068 | |
1069 @item Write a version of @command{xargs} based on command rewriting | |
1070 | |
1071 That is, @samp{find X | xargs Y} would be indicated using @samp{Y | |
1072 $@{find X@}}. Maybe @code{eshell-do-pipelines} could be changed to | |
1073 perform this on-thy-fly rewriting. | |
1074 | |
1075 @item Write an alias for @command{less} that brings up a @code{view-mode} buffer | |
1076 | |
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1077 Such that the user can press @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}, and then @key{q} |
33020 | 1078 to return to Eshell. It would be equivalent to: |
1079 @samp{X > #<buffer Y>; view-buffer #<buffer Y>}. | |
1080 | |
1081 @item Make @code{eshell-mode} as much a full citizen as @code{shell-mode} | |
1082 | |
1083 Everywhere in Emacs where @code{shell-mode} is specially noticed, add | |
1084 @code{eshell-mode} there. | |
1085 | |
1086 @item Permit the umask to be selectively set on a @command{cp} target | |
1087 | |
1088 @item Problem using @kbd{M-x eshell} after using @code{eshell-command} | |
1089 | |
1090 If the first thing that I do after entering Emacs is to run | |
1091 @code{eshell-command} and invoke @command{ls}, and then use @kbd{M-x | |
1092 eshell}, it doesn't display anything. | |
1093 | |
1094 @item @kbd{M-RET} during a long command (using smart display) doesn't work | |
1095 | |
1096 Since it keeps the cursor up where the command was invoked. | |
1097 | |
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1098 @end table |
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1099 |
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1100 @node Concept Index, Function and Variable Index, Bugs and ideas, Top |
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1101 @unnumbered Concept Index |
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1102 |
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1103 @printindex cp |
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1104 |
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1105 @node Function and Variable Index, Key Index, Concept Index, Top |
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1106 @unnumbered Function and Variable Index |
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1107 |
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1108 @printindex fn |
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1109 |
33020 | 1110 @node Key Index, , Function and Variable Index, Top |
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1111 @unnumbered Key Index |
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1112 |
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1113 @printindex ky |
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1114 @bye |