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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 31 Jul 1993 22:00:33 +0000 |
parents | 507f64624555 |
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rev | line source |
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1736 | 1 GNU Emacs FAQ: Introduction |
2 | |
3 [To find what has changed, see the "Changes" posting.] | |
4 | |
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5 [The FAQ post date slipped big-time this time. Now that school is over |
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6 with and I can get on with the rest of my life, posting should become a |
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7 lot more regular. - sbyrnes] |
597 | 8 |
9 This is the introduction to a list of frequently asked questions (FAQ) about | |
10 GNU Emacs with answers. This article contains a listing of the questions; | |
11 subsequent articles contain the questions and answers. | |
134 | 12 |
1736 | 13 The FAQ list is posted to reduce the noise level in the `gnu.emacs.help' |
14 newsgroup (which is also the `help-gnu-emacs' mailing list) which results from | |
15 the repetition of frequently asked questions, wrong answers to these questions, | |
597 | 16 corrections to the wrong answers, corrections to the corrections, debate, name |
17 calling, etc. Also, it serves as a repository of the canonical "best" answers | |
18 to these questions. However, if you know a better answer or even a slight | |
1736 | 19 change that improves an answer, please tell us! |
134 | 20 |
1736 | 21 If you know the answer of a question is in the FAQ list, please reply to the |
597 | 22 question by e-mail instead of posting. Help reduce noise! |
134 | 23 |
1736 | 24 The FAQ list is crossposted to `comp.emacs' because some sites do not receive |
25 the `gnu.*' newsgroups. The FAQ list is also crossposted to `news.answers'. | |
597 | 26 |
27 Please suggest new questions, answers, wording changes, deletions, etc. The | |
28 most helpful form for suggestions is a context diff (ie., the output of `diff | |
1736 | 29 -c'). Include `FAQ' in the subject of messages sent to us about the FAQ list. |
597 | 30 |
1736 | 31 Please do not send questions to us just because you do not want to disturb a |
32 lot of people and you think we would know the answer. We do not have time to | |
597 | 33 answer questions individually. :-( |
134 | 34 |
1736 | 35 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the |
597 | 36 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send |
1736 | 37 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, |
38 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
134 | 39 |
1736 | 40 These ideas have already been suggested, but we have not had time to |
41 implement them: | |
597 | 42 |
43 * A Texinfo version. | |
1736 | 44 * Marking questions in the table of contents that have been changed |
45 recently. | |
134 | 46 |
47 -- | |
1736 | 48 Steven Byrnes <sbyrnes@rice.edu> (and Joe Wells <jbw@cs.bu.edu>) |
597 | 49 |
1736 | 50 E-mail lpf@uunet.uu.net for details about the League for Programming Freedom. |
51 | |
597 | 52 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
53 | |
1736 | 54 GNU Emacs FAQ: Table of Contents |
55 | |
56 Notation Used in FAQ | |
57 | |
58 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? | |
59 2: What does "M-x command" mean? | |
60 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? | |
61 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? | |
62 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? | |
63 | |
64 General Questions | |
65 | |
66 6: What is the LPF and why should I join it? | |
67 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
68 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, | |
69 comp.emacs, etc.? | |
70 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? | |
71 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs? | |
72 11: How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list? | |
73 12: What is the current address of the FSF? | |
597 | 74 |
1736 | 75 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help |
76 | |
77 13: I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
78 14: How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs? | |
79 15: How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual? | |
80 16: Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp? | |
81 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
82 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
83 19: Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs? | |
84 20: What informational files are available for GNU Emacs? | |
85 21: Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs? | |
86 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? | |
87 | |
88 Status of Emacs | |
89 | |
90 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? | |
91 24: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs? | |
92 25: When will GNU Emacs 19 be available? | |
93 26: What is different about GNU Emacs 19? | |
94 27: What variants of GNU Emacs exist? | |
597 | 95 |
1736 | 96 Common Things People Want To Do |
97 | |
98 28: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? | |
99 29: How do I debug a .emacs file? | |
100 30: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? | |
101 31: How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? | |
102 32: How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default? | |
103 33: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
104 34: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) | |
105 characters? | |
106 35: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
107 36: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
108 37: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
109 38: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
110 39: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? | |
111 40: How do I change load-path? | |
112 41: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
113 42: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
114 43: How do I indent switch statements like this? | |
115 44: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? | |
116 45: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
117 46: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
118 47: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? | |
119 48: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the | |
120 indentation of the previous line? | |
121 49: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
122 50: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef | |
123 commands are handled by the compiler? | |
124 51: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? | |
125 52: What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
126 53: How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
127 54: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? | |
128 55: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? | |
129 56: How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an | |
130 underlined paragraph? | |
131 57: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
132 58: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor | |
133 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
134 59: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
135 60: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
136 61: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
137 62: Where is the documentation for `etags'? | |
138 | |
139 Bugs/Problems | |
597 | 140 |
1736 | 141 63: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? |
142 64: Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup? | |
143 65: How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer? | |
144 66: Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'? | |
145 67: Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs? | |
146 68: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'? | |
147 69: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping? | |
148 70: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
149 71: Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'? | |
150 72: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? | |
151 73: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? | |
152 74: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? | |
153 75: Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
154 76: Why doesn't my change to load-path work? | |
155 77: Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or | |
156 down one line? | |
157 78: Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4? | |
158 79: Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line | |
159 anymore? | |
160 80: Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary? | |
161 81: Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word? | |
162 82: Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs? | |
163 | |
164 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
165 | |
166 83: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
167 84: How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped? | |
168 85: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
169 86: Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1? | |
170 | |
171 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
597 | 172 |
1736 | 173 87: Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? |
174 88: How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
175 89: Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
176 90: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
177 91: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
178 92: Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support? | |
179 93: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch? | |
180 94: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs? | |
181 95: Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"? | |
182 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
183 97: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows? | |
184 98: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
185 99: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
186 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
187 101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
188 102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support? | |
189 103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
190 104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++, | |
191 Objective C, Pascal, Awk? | |
192 105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
193 | |
194 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
597 | 195 |
1736 | 196 106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs |
197 107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
198 108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs | |
199 109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
200 110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs | |
201 111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines | |
202 112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs | |
203 113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs | |
204 114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
205 115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs | |
206 116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler | |
207 117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes | |
208 118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
209 119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
210 120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface | |
211 121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface | |
212 122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines | |
213 123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS | |
214 124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
134 | 215 |
1736 | 216 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems |
217 | |
218 125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
219 126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'? | |
220 127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my | |
597 | 221 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
1736 | 222 128: How do I use function keys under X Windows? |
223 129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit? | |
224 130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? | |
225 131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? | |
226 132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys | |
597 | 227 are filtered out? |
1736 | 228 133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help? |
229 134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? | |
230 135: Why don't the arrow keys work? | |
231 136: How do I "swap" two keys? | |
232 137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
233 138: What if I don't have a Meta key? | |
234 139: What if I don't have an Escape key? | |
235 140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators? | |
236 141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key? | |
237 142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
238 143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
239 144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0? | |
240 145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar? | |
241 146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs? | |
597 | 242 |
1736 | 243 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets |
597 | 244 |
1736 | 245 147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? |
246 148: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
247 149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters? | |
248 150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese? | |
249 151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
597 | 250 |
1736 | 251 Mail and News |
597 | 252 |
1736 | 253 152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
254 153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
255 154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
256 155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
257 156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder? | |
258 157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail? | |
259 158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format? | |
260 159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
261 160: How do I read news under Emacs? | |
262 161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news? | |
263 162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP? | |
264 163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)? | |
265 164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get | |
266 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd" | |
267 165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS? | |
268 166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column? | |
269 167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up? | |
270 168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS? | |
271 169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line? | |
272 170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections? | |
273 171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS? | |
274 172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting? | |
275 173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine? | |
276 174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid? | |
277 175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header? | |
278 176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS? | |
279 177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern? | |
597 | 280 |
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281 |
1736 | 282 GNU Emacs FAQ: Notation/General/Help/Status |
283 | |
284 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
285 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
286 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
287 | |
288 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
289 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
290 | |
291 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
292 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
293 deletions occurred. | |
294 | |
295 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
296 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
297 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
298 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
134 | 299 |
300 | |
301 | |
1736 | 302 Notation Used in FAQ |
134 | 303 |
1736 | 304 Skip this section and then come back if you don't understand some of the |
305 later answers. | |
306 | |
307 1: What do these mean: C-h, M-C-a, RET, "ESC a", etc.? | |
308 | |
309 C-x means press the `x' key while holding down the Control key. M-x means | |
310 press the `x' key while holding down the Meta key. M-C-x means press the | |
311 `x' key while holding down both the Control key and the Meta key. C-M-a | |
312 is a synonym for M-C-a. RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, and TAB respectively refer to | |
313 pressing the Return, Linefeed (aka Newline), Delete, Escape, and Tab keys | |
314 and are equivalent to C-m, C-j, C-?, C-[, and C-i. SPC means press the | |
315 Space bar. | |
316 | |
317 I put any key sequence that is longer than one key (and some single-key | |
318 sequences) inside double quotes or on a line by itself. Any real spaces | |
319 in such a key sequence should be ignored; only SPC really means press the | |
320 space key. | |
321 | |
322 The ASCII code sent by C-x (except for C-?) is the value that would be | |
323 sent by pressing just `x' minus 96 (or 64 for uppercase `X') and will be | |
324 from 0 to 31. The ASCII code sent by M-x is the sum of 128 and the ASCII | |
325 code that would be sent by pressing just the `x' key. Essentially, the | |
326 Control key turns off bits 5 and 6 and the Meta key turns on bit 7. | |
327 | |
328 For further information, see `Characters' and `Keys' in the online manual. | |
329 | |
330 NOTE: C-? (aka DEL) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call C-? a | |
331 "control" key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. Also, on very | |
332 few keyboards does Control-? generate ASCII code 127. | |
333 | |
334 2: What does "M-x command" mean? | |
134 | 335 |
336 "M-x command" means type M-x, then type the name of the command, then | |
337 type RET. | |
338 | |
1736 | 339 M-x (by default) invokes the command `execute-extended-command'. This |
340 command allows you to run any Emacs command if you can remember the | |
341 command's name. If you can't remember the command's name, you can type | |
342 TAB and SPC for completion, and "?" for a list of possibilities. An Emacs | |
343 "command" is any "interactive" Emacs function. | |
134 | 344 |
345 NOTE: Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to | |
1736 | 346 invoke execute-extended-command. A function key labeled `Do' is a good |
134 | 347 candidate for this. |
348 | |
1736 | 349 To run non-interactive Emacs functions, see question 53. |
350 | |
351 3: How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? | |
352 | |
353 When I refer you to topic XXX in the on-line manual, you can read this | |
354 manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by typing this: | |
355 | |
356 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET | |
357 | |
358 This invokes the Info facility. If you don't already know how to use | |
359 Info, type "?" from within Info. | |
360 | |
361 If I refer you to topic XXX:YYY, you need to type this: | |
362 | |
363 C-h i m emacs RET m XXX RET m YYY RET | |
364 | |
365 WARNING: Your system administrator may not have installed the Info files, | |
366 or may have installed them properly. In this case you should complain. | |
367 | |
368 4: What do these mean: etc/SERVICE, src/config.h, lisp/default.el? | |
369 | |
370 These are files that come with GNU Emacs. The GNU Emacs distribution is | |
371 divided into subdirectories; the important ones are `etc', `lisp', and | |
372 `src'. | |
134 | 373 |
374 If you use GNU Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, | |
375 start Emacs, then type "C-h v exec-directory RET". The directory name | |
1736 | 376 displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed `etc' |
377 directory. | |
134 | 378 |
379 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail, see | |
1736 | 380 question 20. All are available in the source distribution. |
381 | |
382 5: What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? | |
134 | 383 |
384 FSF == Free Software Foundation | |
385 LPF == League for Programming Freedom | |
386 OSF == Open Software Foundation | |
387 GNU == GNU's Not Unix | |
597 | 388 RMS == Richard Matthew Stallman |
134 | 389 FTP == File Transfer Protocol |
390 GPL == GNU General Public Licence | |
391 | |
597 | 392 NOTE: Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes |
393 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make high | |
394 quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a commercial | |
395 organization which wants to provide an alternative, standardized version | |
396 of Unix not controlled by AT&T. | |
397 | |
398 NOTE: The word "free" in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers | |
399 to "freedom", not "zero dollars". Anyone can charge any price for | |
400 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the freedom | |
401 enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always get the | |
402 software for less money from someone else, because everyone has the right | |
403 to resell or give away GPL-covered software. | |
134 | 404 |
405 | |
406 | |
1736 | 407 General Questions |
134 | 408 |
1736 | 409 6: What is the LPF and why should I join it? |
410 | |
411 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and look-and-feel | |
412 copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact the LPF via | |
413 e-mail or otherwise. {You may also contact me, jbw@cs.bu.edu; I will be | |
414 happy to talk with you about the LPF.} Here is the contact information: | |
415 | |
416 E-mail address: league@prep.ai.mit.edu | |
417 Phone number: (617) 243-4091 | |
418 Postal address: | |
419 League for Programming Freedom | |
420 1 Kendall Square, Number 143 | |
421 Post Office Box 9171 | |
422 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA | |
423 | |
424 Papers describing the LPF's views are available on the internet and also | |
425 from the LPF: | |
426 | |
427 Anonymous FTP: | |
428 /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/lpf/ | |
429 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/lpf/ | |
430 Anonymous UUCP: | |
431 osu-cis!~/lpf/* | |
432 | |
433 7: What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
434 | |
435 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public Licence (copyleft) is | |
436 however it is interpreted by a judge. There has never been a copyright | |
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437 infringement case involving the GPL to set any precedents. Please take any |
1736 | 438 discussion regarding this issue to the newsgroup gnu.misc.discuss, which |
439 was created to hold the extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
440 | |
441 RMS writes: | |
442 | |
443 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
444 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
445 to Emacs should also be free software. "Free" means that all users have | |
446 the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make sure | |
447 everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you distribute | |
448 any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the recipients the | |
449 same freedom that you enjoyed. | |
450 | |
451 8: What are appropriate messages for gnu.emacs.help, gnu.emacs.bug, | |
452 comp.emacs, etc.? | |
453 | |
454 The file etc/MAILINGLISTS discusses the purpose of each GNU mailing-list. | |
455 (See question 20 on how to get a copy.) For those which are gatewayed | |
456 with newsgroups, it lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list | |
457 address. | |
458 | |
459 comp.emacs is for discussion of Emacs programs in general. This | |
460 includes GNU Emacs along with various other implementations like JOVE, | |
461 MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, Unipress, CCA, Epsilon, etc. | |
462 | |
463 Many people post GNU Emacs questions to comp.emacs because they don't | |
464 receive any of the gnu.* newsgroups. Arguments have been made both for | |
465 and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to comp.emacs. You have | |
466 to decide for yourself. | |
467 | |
468 Messages advocating "non-free" software are considered unacceptable on any | |
469 of the gnu.* newsgroups except for gnu.misc.discuss, which was created to | |
470 hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. "non-free" software | |
471 includes any software for which the end user can't freely modify the | |
472 source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to remove the gnu.* | |
473 groups from the `Newsgroups:' line when posting a followup that recommends | |
474 such software. | |
475 | |
476 gnu.emacs.bug is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid posting bug | |
477 reports to this newsgroup, instead see question 10. | |
478 | |
479 9: Where can I get old postings to gnu.emacs.help and other GNU groups? | |
480 | |
481 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
482 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
483 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve individual | |
484 postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
485 | |
486 Anonymous FTP: | |
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487 /prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/MailingListArchives/ |
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488 |
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489 There is a WAIS database named `comp.emacs' on wais.oit.unc.edu that |
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490 makes available the last few days of articles in comp.emacs. |
1736 | 491 |
492 10: Where should I report bugs and other problems with GNU Emacs? | |
493 | |
494 The correct way to report GNU Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
495 bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
496 newsgroup gnu.emacs.bug, but please use e-mail instead of news to submit | |
497 the bug report. This way a reliable return address is available so you | |
498 can be contacted for further details. | |
499 | |
500 RMS explains: | |
501 | |
502 Sending bug reports to help-gnu-emacs (which has the effect of posting | |
503 on gnu.emacs.help) is undesirable because it takes the time of an | |
504 unnecessarily large group of people, most of whom are just users and | |
505 have no idea how to fix these problem. bug-gnu-emacs reaches a much | |
506 smaller group of people who are more likely to know what to do and have | |
507 expressed a wish to receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
508 | |
509 However, RMS says there are circumstances when it is okay to post to | |
510 gnu.emacs.help: | |
511 | |
512 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, then | |
513 after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
514 gnu.emacs.help asking if anyone can help you. | |
515 | |
516 If you are unsure whether you have a bug, RMS describes how to tell: | |
517 | |
518 ... if Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
519 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that is | |
520 a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it does, | |
521 that is a bug. | |
522 | |
523 11: How do I unsubscribe to this mailing list? | |
524 | |
525 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named `XXX', you might be able | |
526 to unsubscribe to it by sending a request to the address | |
527 `XXX-request@prep.ai.mit.edu'. However, this will not work if you are | |
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528 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
1736 | 529 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which |
530 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the `Received:' headers | |
531 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the `EXPN' or | |
532 `VRFY' sendmail commands through `telnet <site-address> smtp'. Ask your | |
533 postmaster for help. | |
534 | |
535 12: What is the current address of the FSF? | |
536 | |
537 E-mail address: gnu@prep.ai.mit.edu | |
538 Phone number: (617) 876-3296 | |
539 Postal address: | |
540 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
541 675 Massachusetts Avenue | |
542 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA | |
543 | |
544 | |
545 | |
546 On-line Help, Printed Manuals, Other Sources of Help | |
547 | |
548 13: I'm just starting GNU Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
134 | 549 |
550 Type "C-h t" to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Typing just C-h is | |
551 how to enter the help system. | |
552 | |
1736 | 553 WARNING: Your system administrator may have changed C-h to act like DEL to |
554 deal local keyboards. You can use M-x help-for-help instead to invoke | |
555 help. To discover what key (if any) invokes help on your system, type | |
556 "M-x where-is RET help-for-help RET". This will print a comma-separated | |
557 list of key sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each | |
558 key sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
559 | |
560 NOTE: Emacs's help facility works best if help is invoked by a single key | |
561 whose value should be stored in the variable help-char. Andrew | |
562 Arensburger <arensb@kong.gsfc.nasa.gov> wrote a patch that allows the help | |
563 facility to work properly when invoked by multiple character sequences. | |
564 | |
565 14: How do I find out how to do something in GNU Emacs? | |
134 | 566 |
567 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
568 | |
1736 | 569 * The complete text of the Emacs manual is available online via the Info |
570 hypertext reader. Type "C-h i" to invoke Info. | |
571 | |
572 * You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. See question 15. | |
573 | |
574 * You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to invoke | |
597 | 575 them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), or you can |
576 print your own from the etc/refcard.tex file in the Emacs distribution. | |
1736 | 577 {Are PostScript versions of this available for FTP?} |
578 | |
579 * You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word | |
580 (actually which match a regular expression) using "C-h a" | |
581 (M-x command-apropos). | |
582 | |
583 * You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a | |
584 certain word using M-x apropos. | |
585 | |
586 * There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and information. | |
597 | 587 To get a list of these commands, type "C-h C-h C-h". |
588 | |
589 NOTE: You may find that command-apropos and apropos are extremely slow | |
590 on your system. This will be fixed in Emacs 19. If you can't wait that | |
1736 | 591 long, there is a fast-apropos.el file available in the Emacs Lisp |
592 Archive (see question 89) that contains the fix. | |
593 | |
594 15: How do I get a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual? | |
134 | 595 |
596 You can order a printed copy of the GNU Emacs manual from the FSF for | |
1736 | 597 $20. For 6 or more manuals the price is $13 each. The price may be |
598 tax-deductible as a business expense. | |
599 | |
600 The full TeX source for the manual also comes in the `man' directory of | |
597 | 601 the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to print out this |
1736 | 602 300 page manual yourself (see question 18). |
597 | 603 |
604 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have TeX, you | |
1736 | 605 can get a PostScript version via anonymous FTP: |
606 | |
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607 /cs.ubc.ca:pub/archive/gnu/manuals_ps/emacs-18.57.ps.Z ! |
1736 | 608 |
609 which site requests that you please CONFINE ANY MAJOR FTPING TO LATE | |
610 EVENINGS OR EARLY MORNINGS OUR TIME (pacific time zone, GMT-8)). A DVI | |
611 version is also available via FTP: | |
612 | |
613 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-manual-6.0.dvi.Z | |
597 | 614 |
615 If you don't have TeX you can convert the Texinfo sources into | |
1736 | 616 {t,n,ps}roff format with the `texi2roff' program, which is available via |
617 anonymous FTP: | |
618 | |
619 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/texi2roff/texi2roff.shar.Z | |
620 | |
621 See also question 14 for how to view the manual online. | |
622 | |
623 16: Where can I get documentation on GNU Emacs Lisp? | |
624 | |
625 Within Emacs, you can type "C-h f" to get the documentation for a | |
626 function, "C-h v" for a variable. | |
627 | |
628 For more information, obtain the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual for Emacs | |
629 18 under Unix. It is available from the FSF for $50 (or 5 for $200). The | |
630 latest revision available for FTP is edition 1.03 dated 28 January 1991. | |
631 | |
632 For online use, a set of pregenerated Info files is available with the | |
633 Texinfo source for the Emacs Lisp manual via anonymous FTP: | |
634 | |
635 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/ | |
636 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/elisp-manual-1.03.tar.Z | |
637 | |
638 (You can also create the Info files from the Texinfo source.) See | |
639 question 17 for details on how to install these files online. | |
640 | |
641 If you are daring enough to try to print this 550 page manual out | |
642 yourself, for instructions see question 18. | |
643 | |
644 Also, as a popular USENET saying goes, "Use the Force, Read the Source". | |
645 | |
646 17: How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
647 | |
648 First create Info files from the Texinfo files with the `makeinfo' | |
649 program. makeinfo is available as part of the latest Texinfo package: | |
650 | |
651 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/texinfo-2.14.tar.Z | |
597 | 652 |
653 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
654 comes with Emacs. This manual also comes installed in Info format, so you | |
655 can read it online. | |
656 | |
657 Neither texinfo-format-buffer nor the makeinfo program install the | |
658 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files: | |
659 | |
1736 | 660 1. Move the files to the `info' directory in the installed Emacs |
661 distribution. See question 4 if you don't know where that | |
597 | 662 is. |
663 | |
664 2. Edit the file info/dir in the installed Emacs distribution, and add a | |
665 line for the top level node in the Info package that you are | |
666 installing. Follow the examples are already in this file. The format | |
667 is: | |
668 | |
669 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
670 | |
671 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
1736 | 672 privileges, you have several options: |
673 | |
674 * Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
597 | 675 can feed a file name to the Info-goto-node command (invoked by pressing |
676 "g" in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in parentheses. This | |
1736 | 677 goes to the node named `Top' in that file. For example, to view a Info |
678 file named `XXX' in your home directory, you can type this: | |
597 | 679 |
680 C-h i g (~/XXX) RET | |
681 | |
1736 | 682 * You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where the |
597 | 683 Info directory is by setting the value of the variable Info-directory |
684 to its pathname. For example, to use a private Info directory which | |
1736 | 685 is a subdirectory of your home directory named `Info', you could do |
597 | 686 this: |
687 | |
688 (setq Info-directory (expand-file-name "~/Info")) | |
689 | |
1736 | 690 You will need a top-level Info file named `dir' in this directory. |
597 | 691 You can include the system-wide Info directory in your private Info |
692 directory with symbolic links or by copying it. | |
693 | |
1736 | 694 * You can use an enhanced version of lisp/info.el that handles multiple |
695 Info directories. Then you can more easily use a mix of private and | |
696 shared Info files. Dave Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com, | |
697 daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> has written one such enhancement and I | |
698 believe there are others. Dave's info.el also handles compressed Info | |
699 files. | |
700 | |
701 Anonymous FTP: | |
702 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:modes/info.el.Z | |
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703 /ftp.uu.net:languages/emacs-lisp/modes/info.el.Z ! |
1736 | 704 |
705 According to Jay Bourland <jayb@math.stanford.edu>, a version of Dave's | |
706 info.el comes with `xinfo' (see question 19). | |
707 | |
708 18: How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
709 | |
710 NOTE: You can't get nice printed output from Info files; you must still | |
711 have the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
597 | 712 |
713 1. Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: | |
714 | |
715 \input texinfo | |
716 | |
1736 | 717 You may need to alter `texinfo' to the full pathname of the |
597 | 718 texinfo.tex file, which comes with Emacs as man/texinfo.tex (or copy |
719 or link it into the current directory). | |
720 | |
721 2. tex XXX.texinfo | |
722 | |
723 3. texindex XXX.?? | |
724 | |
1736 | 725 The `texindex' program comes with Emacs as man/texindex.c. |
597 | 726 |
727 4. tex XXX.texinfo | |
728 | |
729 5. Print the DVI file XXX.dvi in the normal way for printing DVI files | |
730 at your site. | |
731 | |
732 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
1736 | 733 mentioned in question 17. |
734 | |
735 19: Can I view Info files without using GNU Emacs? | |
597 | 736 |
737 Yes, the `info', `xinfo', and `ivinfo' programs do this. info uses | |
1736 | 738 curses, xinfo uses standard X11 libraries, and ivinfo uses InterViews. |
739 You can get info as part of the latest Texinfo package (see question | |
740 17). xinfo is available separately: | |
741 | |
742 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.Z | |
743 /export.lcs.mit.edu: | |
744 | |
745 ivinfo is available in a comp.sources.misc archive or from Tom Horsley | |
746 <tom@ssd.csd.harris.com>. For ivinfo, you need Stanford's InterViews C++ | |
747 X library, available via anonymous FTP (interviews.stanford.edu). | |
748 | |
749 20: What informational files are available for GNU Emacs? | |
597 | 750 |
751 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
752 informational files about GNU Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU | |
753 project are available for you to read. | |
134 | 754 |
1736 | 755 The following files are available in the `etc' directory of the GNU |
134 | 756 Emacs distribution, and also the latest versions are available |
1736 | 757 individually via anonymous FTP (prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/): |
597 | 758 |
759 APPLE -- Why the FSF doen't support GNU Emacs on Apple computers | |
134 | 760 DISTRIB -- GNU Emacs Availability Information, |
761 including the popular "Free Software Foundation Order Form" | |
762 FTP -- How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
763 GNU -- The GNU Manifesto | |
764 INTERVIEW -- Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain | |
765 UNIX-compatible software system | |
766 with BYTE editors | |
767 MACHINES -- Status of GNU Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
768 MAILINGLISTS -- GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
769 SERVICE -- GNU Service Directory | |
1736 | 770 SUN-SUPPORT -- including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs" |
771 | |
772 These files are available in the `etc' directory of the GNU Emacs | |
134 | 773 distribution: |
774 | |
775 DIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and Twenex Emacs | |
776 CCADIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and CCA Emacs | |
777 GOSDIFF -- Differences between GNU Emacs and Gosling (Unipress??) Emacs | |
778 COPYING -- GNU Emacs General Public License | |
779 NEWS -- GNU Emacs News, a history of user-visible changes | |
597 | 780 LPF -- Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom |
781 FAQ -- GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions (You're reading it) | |
782 OPTIONS -- a complete explanation of startup option handling | |
783 | |
784 These files are available via anonymous FTP (prep.ai.mit.edu:/pub/gnu/): | |
785 | |
786 tasks -- GNU Task List | |
787 standards.text -- GNU Coding Standards | |
134 | 788 |
789 In addition, all of the above files are available directly from the FSF | |
790 via e-mail. Of course, please try to get them from a local source | |
791 first. | |
792 | |
597 | 793 These additional files are available from the FSF via e-mail: |
794 | |
795 * GNU's Bulletin, June, 1991 -- this file includes: | |
796 GNU'S Who | |
797 What Is the Free Software Foundation? | |
798 What Is Copyleft? | |
799 A Small Way to Help Free Software | |
800 GNUs Flashes (important recent developments for project GNU) | |
801 Free Software Support (and how to get it!) | |
802 Copyrighted Programming Languages | |
803 AT&T Threatens Users of X Windows (and other software patent threats) | |
804 Project Gutenberg | |
805 GNU Project Status Report | |
806 GNU in Japan | |
807 GNU Wish List | |
808 Help Keep Government Software Free | |
809 GNU Software Available Now | |
810 Contents of the Emacs Tape | |
811 Contents of the Compiler Tape | |
812 Contents of the X11 Tapes | |
813 VMS Emacs and Compiler Tapes | |
814 GNU Documentation | |
815 How to Get GNU Software | |
816 Free Software for Microcomputers | |
817 GNU Software on Apple computers | |
818 GNU Software on the Amiga | |
819 GNU Software on the Atari | |
820 GNUish MS-DOS project | |
821 Freemacs, an Extensible Editor for MS-DOS | |
822 GNU in Japan | |
823 FSF Order Form | |
824 Thank GNUs | |
825 * Legal issues about contributing code to GNU | |
826 * GNU Project Status Report | |
827 | |
1736 | 828 A collection of past GNU's Bulletins is available via anonymous FTP: |
829 | |
830 /ftp.funet.fi:pub/gnu/Bulletins/ | |
831 | |
832 21: Where can I get help in installing GNU Emacs? | |
833 | |
834 Look in etc/SERVICE for names of companies and individuals who will sell | |
835 you this type of service. An up-to-date version of the SERVICE file is | |
836 available on prep.ai.mit.edu (also see question 20). | |
837 | |
838 22: Where can I get the latest version of this document (the FAQ list)? | |
597 | 839 |
840 The GNU Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
841 | |
1736 | 842 * Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your |
843 news spool, in both the gnu.emacs.help and comp.emacs newsgroups. Every | |
844 news reader of which I know will allow you to read any news article that | |
845 is still in the news spool, even if you have read the article before. | |
846 You may need to read the instructions for your news reader to discover | |
847 how to do this. In `rn', this command will do this for you at the | |
848 article selection level: | |
849 | |
850 ?GNU Emacs FAQ?rc:m | |
851 | |
852 In GNUS, you should type "C-u G" from the *Subject* buffer or "C-u SPC" | |
853 from the *Newsgroup* buffer to view all articles in a newsgroup. | |
854 | |
855 The FAQ articles' message IDs are: | |
856 | |
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857 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-0.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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858 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-1.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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859 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-2.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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860 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-3.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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861 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-4.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
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862 <GNU-Emacs-FAQ-5.1993.05.04.025218@rice.edu> ! |
1736 | 863 |
864 If you are viewing this in the GNUS *Article* buffer, you can move point | |
865 within one of the above message IDs and type "r" to fetch the referenced | |
866 article. Type "o" in the *Article* buffer to restore the previous | |
867 contents. If this text is not in the GNUS *Article* buffer, use M-r | |
868 from the *Subject* buffer instead. | |
869 | |
870 If the FAQ articles have expired and been deleted from your news spool, | |
871 it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news | |
872 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire before | |
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873 July 3, 1993. ! |
1736 | 874 |
875 * Via anonymous FTP. You can fetch the FAQ articles via anonymous FTP | |
876 | |
877 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/ part* | |
878 | |
879 * Via e-mail. You can send the following magical incantation in the body | |
880 of a message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu: | |
881 | |
882 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part0 | |
883 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
884 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
885 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
886 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
887 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
888 | |
889 * Via WAIS. The GNU Emacs FAQ is available via WAIS indexed on a | |
890 per-question basis from the `faq' database on bigbird.bu.edu on the | |
891 non-standard IP port number of 2210. This is probably the best way to | |
892 find out if there is something in the FAQ related to your question. I | |
893 use this myself to answer questions I see posted on gnu.emacs.help. | |
894 | |
895 The articles of the GNU Emacs FAQ are also available from the `usenet' | |
896 database on rtfm.mit.edu (on the standard IP port: 210), along with a | |
897 lot of other FAQ articles. However, these are all indexed at the whole | |
898 article level instead of at the question level. This is a better place | |
899 to look if you want to fetch the entire FAQ. | |
900 | |
901 * In the GNU Emacs distribution. Since GNU Emacs 18.56, the latest | |
902 available version of the FAQ at the time of release has been part of the | |
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903 GNU Emacs distribution as file etc/FAQ. 18.59 is the latest version, |
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904 and it was released in October 1992. |
1736 | 905 |
906 * There is an old version of the FAQ list available for FTP in the GNU | |
907 archives at MIT: | |
908 | |
909 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/GNUinfo/FAQ.emacs | |
910 | |
911 * As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to | |
912 gnu-emacs-faq-maintainers@bigbird.bu.edu. Don't do this unless you have | |
913 made a serious effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods | |
914 listed above. | |
915 | |
597 | 916 |
917 | |
1736 | 918 Status of Emacs |
597 | 919 |
1736 | 920 23: Where does the name "Emacs" come from? |
921 | |
922 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he "picked | |
923 the name `Emacs' because `E' was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at | |
924 the time.". The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT by | |
925 RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector (originally Tape Editor | |
926 and COrrector)) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended TECO with | |
927 a "real-time" full screen mode with active keys. Emacs was started by Guy | |
928 Steele <gls@think.com> as a project to unify the many divergent TECO | |
929 command sets and keybindings at MIT. | |
930 | |
931 Many people have told me that TECO code looks a lot like line noise. See | |
932 alt.lang.teco if you are interested. I think someone has written a TECO | |
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933 implementation in Emacs Lisp. It would be an interesting project to run |
1736 | 934 the original TECO Emacs inside of GNU Emacs. |
935 | |
936 24: What is the latest version of GNU Emacs? | |
937 | |
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938 GNU Emacs 18.59 is the current version. Fixes from 18.57 include better |
1736 | 939 mail address parsing, an X visual bell speedup, a call-process |
940 enhancement, a regexp matching change, the ability to apply a numeric | |
941 argument to a self-inserting digit, getting X resource values from the | |
942 RESOURCE_MANAGER property, more reliable shell mode job control, and a | |
943 change to copy-keymap. Also, support has been added for many new system | |
944 types. Fixes from 18.55 include the removal of arbitrary limits on the | |
945 undo facility. | |
946 | |
947 According to the January 1992 GNU's Bulletin, "Emacs 18 maintenance | |
948 continues for simple bug fixes.". | |
949 | |
950 To visit a file with information about what has changed in recent | |
951 versions, type "C-h n". | |
952 | |
953 25: When will GNU Emacs 19 be available? | |
954 | |
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955 Richard Stallman recently (February 19, 1993) posted in gnu.emacs.help ! |
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956 the following: ! |
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957 ! |
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958 People should keep in mind that the successor of Emacs 18 does not ! |
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959 come from Lucid. Its is GNU Emacs 19. I still can't say exactly when ! |
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960 public release is going to be, but we are about to start testing at a ! |
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961 number of sites. ! |
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962 ! |
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963 GNU Emacs 19 will support a broad spectrum of machines, like Emacs ! |
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964 18. Ensuring this is the purpose of the testing we are about to do. ! |
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965 ! |
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966 (Please don't volunteer; we have enough pretesters, and if more people ! |
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967 offer, dealing with those messages will slow things down.) ! |
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968 ! |
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969 Once we make sure it is indeed working reliably on various different ! |
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970 systems, we will have a public beta test release. ! |
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971 ! |
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972 Emacs 19 does support adding properties to ranges of text, and using ! |
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973 these to switch fonts. In the future, the Epoch people will help ! |
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974 merge support for variable-width fonts. ! |
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975 ! |
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976 Meanwhile, I have almost finished updating the Emacs Lisp manual. Its ! |
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977 next edition will describe Emacs 19. There will be an announcement ! |
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978 when we know when this edition will be available. ! |
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979 |
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980 Lucid has released Lucid GNU Emacs 19.6, which is based on an early ! |
1736 | 981 unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19. This will be similar to Emacs 19 when |
982 it finally arrives, but they are not the same. See question 121. | |
983 | |
984 Work has begun on features for Emacs 20. | |
985 | |
986 26: What is different about GNU Emacs 19? | |
987 | |
988 From the January 1992 GNU's Bulletin: | |
989 | |
990 Version 19 will enter beta test late this year. Among its new features | |
991 are: before and after change hooks, source-level debugging of Emacs Lisp | |
992 programs, X selection processing (including clipboard selections), | |
993 scrollbars, support for European character sets, floating point numbers, | |
994 per-buffer mouse commands, X resource manager interfacing, | |
995 mouse-tracking, Lisp-level binding of function keys, multiple X windows | |
996 (`screens' to Emacs), a new input system, and buffer allocation, which | |
997 uses a new mechanism capable of returning storage to the system when a | |
998 buffer is killed. | |
999 | |
1000 The input stream is now a sequence of Lisp objects, instead of a | |
1001 sequence of characters. This allows a reasonable representation for | |
1002 mouse clicks, function keys, menu selections, etc. | |
597 | 1003 |
1004 Thanks go to Alan Carroll and the people who worked on Epoch for | |
1736 | 1005 generating initial feedback to a multi-windowed Emacs, and to Eric |
1006 Raymond for help in polishing the Emacs 19 Lisp libraries. | |
1007 | |
1008 The June 1991 GNU's bulletin had this to say about future plans for Emacs: | |
597 | 1009 |
1010 Features being considered for later releases of Emacs include: | |
1011 associating property lists with regions of text in a buffer; multiple | |
1012 fonts, color, and pixmaps defined by those properties; different | |
1013 visibility conditions for the regions, and for various windows showing | |
1014 one buffer; hooks to be run if point or mouse moves outside a certain | |
1015 range; incrementally saving undo history in a file; static menu bars; | |
1016 and better pop-up menus. | |
1017 | |
1736 | 1018 Mention of this feature disappeared in the January 1992 GNU's bulletin: |
1019 | |
1020 Emacs 19 supports two styles of multiple windows, one with a separate | |
1021 screen for the minibuffer, and another with a minibuffer attached to | |
1022 each screen. | |
1023 | |
1024 Mention of these two proposed features disappeared in the January 1991 | |
1025 GNU's bulletin: | |
597 | 1026 |
1027 * Incremental syntax analysis for various programming languages (Leif). | |
134 | 1028 * A more sophisticated emacsclient/server model, which would provide |
1029 network transparent Emacs widget functionality. | |
1030 | |
1736 | 1031 27: What variants of GNU Emacs exist? |
1032 | |
1033 * Nemacs (Nihongo Emacs), which can handle Japanese text, is derived from | |
1034 GNU Emacs 18.55. See question 149. | |
1035 | |
1036 * Demacs, which can run under MS-DOS on 386 machines, is derived from | |
1037 Nemacs. See question 122. | |
1038 | |
1039 * Epoch, which has better X support, is derived from GNU Emacs 18.58. | |
1040 See question 120 and 92. | |
1041 | |
1042 * Nepoch (Nihongo Epoch), which can handle Japanese text, is derived from | |
1043 Epoch. | |
1044 | |
1045 * Mule (the MULtilingual Enhancement of GNU Emacs) can handle many | |
1046 character sets simultaneously. It is derived from Emacs 18.58. It is | |
1047 available for FTP: | |
1048 | |
1049 /sh.wide.ad.jp:/JAPAN/mule/ | |
1050 /etlport.etl.go.jp:/pub/mule/ | |
1051 | |
1052 * Lucid GNU Emacs is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs | |
1053 19. See question 121 and 92. | |
1054 | |
1055 | |
1056 | |
1057 GNU Emacs FAQ: Common Requests/Problems | |
1058 | |
1059 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
1060 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
1061 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
1062 | |
1063 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
1064 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
1065 | |
1066 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
1067 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
1068 deletions occurred. | |
1069 | |
1070 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
1071 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
1072 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
1073 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
1074 | |
1075 | |
1076 | |
1077 Common Things People Want To Do | |
1078 | |
1079 28: How do I set up a .emacs file properly? | |
1080 | |
1081 See `Init File' in the on-line manual. | |
1082 | |
1083 WARNING: In general, new Emacs users should not have .emacs files, because | |
1084 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1085 help-gnu-emacs asking why Emacs isn't behaving as documented. :-) | |
1086 | |
1087 29: How do I debug a .emacs file? | |
1088 | |
1089 First start Emacs with the `-q' command line option. Then, in the | |
1090 *scratch* buffer, type the following: | |
1091 | |
1092 (setq debug-on-error t) LFD | |
1093 (load-file "~/.emacs") LFD | |
1094 | |
1095 (Type LFD by pressing C-j.) | |
1096 | |
1097 If you have an error in your .emacs file, this will invoke the debugger | |
1098 when the error occurs. If you don't know how to use the debugger do | |
1099 (setq stack-trace-on-error t) instead. | |
1100 | |
1101 WARNING: this will not discover errors caused by trying to do something | |
1102 that requires the terminal/window-system initialization code to have | |
1103 been loaded. See question 127. | |
1104 | |
1105 30: How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? | |
1106 | |
1107 To find out what line of the buffer you are on right now, do "M-x | |
1108 what-line". Use "M-x goto-line" to go to a specific line. To find the | |
1109 current column number, type "M-ESC (current-column)". | |
1110 | |
1111 Typing "C-x l" will also tell you what line you are on, provided the | |
1112 buffer isn't separated into "pages" with C-l characters. In that case, it | |
1113 will only tell you what line of the current "page" you are on. WARNING: | |
1114 "C-x l" gives the wrong value when point is at the beginning of a line. | |
1115 | |
1116 There is no "correct" way to constantly display the current (or total) | |
1117 line (or column) number on the mode line in Emacs 18, or to display the | |
1118 line numbers next to the lines like vi can. Emacs is not a line-oriented | |
1119 editor, and really has no idea what "lines" of the buffer are displayed in | |
1120 the window. It would require a lot of work at the C code level to make | |
1121 Emacs keep track of this. It would not be that hard to get the column | |
1122 number, but it would still require changes at the C code level. | |
1123 | |
1124 None of the vi emulation modes provide the `set number' capability of vi | |
1125 (as far as I know). | |
1126 | |
1127 Emacs 19 will probably be able to show the line number on the mode-line, | |
1128 but probably very inefficiently. | |
1129 | |
1130 People have written various kludges to display line numbers. One is | |
1131 `display-line-numbers' by Wayne Mesard <wmesard@tofu.oracle.com, | |
1132 Mesard@bbn.com>. Look in the Lisp Code Directory. (See question | |
1133 88.) | |
1134 | |
1135 31: How do I turn on Abbrevs by default just in mode XXX? | |
1136 | |
1137 Put this in your .emacs file: | |
1138 | |
1139 (condition-case () | |
1140 (read-abbrev-file nil t) | |
1141 (file-error nil)) | |
1142 | |
1143 (setq XXX-mode-hook | |
1144 (function | |
1145 (lambda () | |
1146 (setq abbrev-mode t)))) | |
1147 | |
1148 32: How do I turn on Auto-Fill mode by default? | |
1149 | |
1150 To turn on Auto-Fill mode just once for one buffer, use "M-x | |
1151 auto-fill-mode". To turn it on for every buffer in, for example, Text | |
1152 mode, do this: | |
1153 | |
1154 (setq text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1155 | |
1156 If you want Auto-Fill mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1157 | |
1158 (setq-default auto-fill-hook 'do-auto-fill) | |
1159 | |
1160 33: How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1161 | |
1162 If you want to use XXX mode for all files which end with the extension | |
1163 `.YYY', this will do it for you: | |
1164 | |
1165 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.YYY\\'" . XXX-mode) auto-mode-alist)) | |
1166 | |
1167 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
1168 edit in XXX mode: | |
1169 | |
1170 -*-XXX-*- | |
1171 | |
1172 34: How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (8-bit or control) | |
1173 characters? | |
1174 | |
1175 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1176 example, `\237', you can type "C-s C-q 2 3 7". (This assumes the value of | |
1177 search-quote-char is 17 (ie., C-q).) Searching for ALL unprintable | |
1178 characters is best done with a "regexp" search. The easiest regexp to use | |
1179 for the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the | |
1180 printable chars. | |
1181 | |
1182 Regexp for the printable chars: [\t\n\r\f -~] | |
1183 | |
1184 Regexp for the unprintable chars: [^\t\n\r\f -~] | |
1185 | |
1186 To type some of these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1187 isearch-forward-regexp or re-search-forward, you need to use C-q. (`\t', | |
1188 `\n', `\r', and `\f' stand respectively for TAB, LFD, RET, and C-l.) So, | |
1189 to search for unprintable characters using re-search-forward: | |
1190 | |
1191 M-x re-search-forward RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET | |
1192 | |
1193 Using isearch-forward-regexp: | |
1194 | |
1195 M-C-s [^ TAB RET C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] | |
1196 | |
1197 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use a replace-regexp: | |
1198 | |
1199 M-x replace-regexp RET [^ TAB C-q LFD C-q RET C-q C-l SPC -~] RET RET | |
1200 | |
1201 Replacing is similar to the above. {I need to write the text for this | |
1202 part of the answer!} | |
1203 | |
1204 Notes: | |
1205 | |
1206 * With isearch, you can type RET to get a quoted LFD (not a quoted RET). | |
1207 | |
1208 * You don't need to quote TAB with either isearch or typing something in | |
1209 the minibuffer. | |
1210 | |
1211 Here are the Emacs Lisp forms of the above regexps: | |
1212 | |
1213 ;; regexp matching all printable characters: | |
1214 "[\t\n\r\f -~]" | |
1215 | |
1216 ;; regexp matching all unprintable characters: | |
1217 "[^\t\n\r\f -~]" | |
1218 | |
1219 35: How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1220 | |
1221 There are ways to get highlighting (reverse video, inverse video) in GNU | |
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1222 Emacs 18.59, but either they require patching the C code of Emacs and |
1736 | 1223 rebuilding, or they are slow and the highlighting disappears if you scroll |
1224 or redraw the screen and it can not follow the point. Howard Gayle's | |
1225 patches for 8-bit output appear to allow highlighting (see question | |
1226 ^8-bit-output). Another patch for highlighting is by Kenichi Handa | |
1227 <handa@etl.go.jp>. There is a patch for use with X by Andy Norman | |
1228 <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> (and modified for 18.57 by Matthieu Herrb | |
1229 <matthieu@laas.fr>), which is available for FTP: | |
1230 | |
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1231 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.55 |
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1232 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-X11-18.57 |
1736 | 1233 |
1234 You can highlight regions in a variety of ways in Epoch and Lucid Emacs. | |
1235 GNU Emacs 19 may not be able to just temporarily highlight a region. | |
1236 | |
1237 Similar comments apply to displaying text in different fonts, except that | |
1238 it is even harder. | |
1239 | |
1240 36: How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1241 | |
1242 For searching, the value of the variable case-fold-search determines | |
1243 whether they are case sensitive: | |
1244 | |
1245 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1246 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1247 | |
1248 Similarly, for replacing the variable case-replace determines whether | |
1249 replacements preserve case. | |
1250 | |
1251 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
1252 mode's hook. For example: | |
1253 | |
1254 (setq XXX-mode-hook | |
1255 (function | |
1256 (lambda () | |
1257 (setq case-fold-search nil)))) | |
1258 | |
1259 37: How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1260 | |
1261 M-x auto-fill-mode. The default maximum line width is 74, determined by | |
1262 the variable fill-column. To find how to turn this on automatically see | |
1263 question 32. | |
1264 | |
1265 38: Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1266 | |
1267 Use Ispell. See question 119. | |
1268 | |
1269 39: How can I spell-check TeX or *roff documents? | |
1270 | |
1271 If you want to spell-check TeX or *roff documents with Ispell, you need to | |
1272 arrange for a filter program that understands how to strip TeX or *roff | |
1273 formatting commands to be run. In the TeX distribution, there are several | |
1274 different programs named `detex', all with incompatible options, and a | |
1275 very old pair of programs named `detex' and `delatex', which should | |
1276 probably be avoided. The most useful one for Ispell is `detex' by Daniel | |
1277 Trinkle. A more recent version is available via FTP: | |
1278 | |
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1279 /arthur.cs.purdue.edu:pub/trinkle/detex-2.4.tar |
1736 | 1280 |
1281 Raphael Cerf <cerf@clipper.ens.fr> recently released a program for this | |
1282 named `xetal': | |
1283 | |
1284 /spi.ens.fr:pub/unix/tex/ | |
1285 | |
1286 There is a program that comes with Unix named `deroff' for stripping | |
1287 formatting commands from *roff files. | |
1288 | |
1289 Here is an example of code you can put in a .emacs file to use these | |
1290 programs: | |
1291 | |
1292 ;; Based on suggestions by David G. Grubbs <dgg@ksr.com> and Paul Palmer | |
1293 ;; <palmerp@math.orst.edu>. | |
1294 | |
1295 ;; Assuming the use of detex 2.3 by Daniel Trinkle: | |
1296 ;; -w means one word per line. | |
1297 ;; -n means don't expand \input or \include commands. | |
1298 ;; -l means force LaTeX mode. | |
1299 | |
1300 (require 'ispell) ; for the make-variable-buffer-local statements | |
1301 (setq plain-TeX-mode-hook | |
1302 (function | |
1303 (lambda () | |
1304 (setq ispell-filter-hook "detex") | |
1305 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-nw"))))) | |
1306 (setq LaTeX-mode-hook | |
1307 (function | |
1308 (lambda () | |
1309 (setq ispell-filter-hook "detex") | |
1310 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-lnw"))))) | |
1311 (setq nroff-mode-hook | |
1312 (function | |
1313 (lambda () | |
1314 (setq ispell-filter-hook "deroff") | |
1315 (setq ispell-filter-hook-args '("-w"))))) | |
1316 | |
1317 You will have to adjust the arguments for programs other than Trinkle's | |
1318 detex or for other versions of deroff. Experiment running the command | |
1319 from the shell to find the correct options. If you don't have a filter | |
1320 that knows how to output one word per line, you must pipe its output | |
1321 through another filter to break up the output. | |
1322 | |
1323 40: How do I change load-path? | |
1324 | |
1325 In general, you should only *add* to the load-path. You can add | |
1326 directory /XXX/YYY to the load path like this: | |
1327 | |
1328 (setq load-path (append load-path '("/XXX/YYY/"))) | |
1329 | |
1330 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1331 | |
1332 (setq load-path (append load-path (list (expand-file-name "~/YYY/")))) | |
1333 | |
1334 41: How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1335 | |
1336 The `emacsclient' program is for editing a file using an already running | |
1337 Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does this by sending a | |
1338 request to the already running Emacs, which must be expecting the request. | |
1339 | |
1340 * Setup | |
1341 | |
1342 Emacs must have executed the `server-start' function for emacsclient to | |
1343 work. This can be done either by a command line option: | |
1344 | |
1345 emacs -f server-start | |
1346 | |
1347 or by invoking server-start from the .emacs file: | |
1348 | |
1349 (if (some conditions are met) (server-start)) | |
1350 | |
1351 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called | |
1352 `server'. `server' creates a Unix domain socket in the user's home | |
1353 directory named `.emacs_server'. | |
1354 | |
1355 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke emacsclient, try | |
1356 setting the environment variable EDITOR (or sometimes VISUAL) to the | |
1357 value `emacsclient'. You may have to specify the full pathname of the | |
1358 emacsclient program instead. Examples: | |
1359 | |
1360 # csh commands: | |
1361 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1362 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient # using full pathname | |
1363 | |
1364 # sh command: | |
1365 EDITOR=emacsclient export EDITOR | |
1366 | |
1367 * Normal use | |
1368 | |
1369 When emacsclient is run, it connects to the `.emacs_server' socket and | |
1370 passes its command line options to `server'. When `server' receives | |
1371 these requests, it sends this information on the the Emacs process, | |
1372 which at the next opportunity will visit the files specified. (Line | |
1373 numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The user will have to | |
1374 switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is done editing a | |
1375 file, the user can type "C-x #" to indicate this. This will switch to | |
1376 another buffer created at the request of emacsclient if there are any. | |
1377 When "C-x #" has been invoked on all of the files that the emacsclient | |
1378 requested to be edited, Emacs will send notification of this to `server' | |
1379 which will pass this on to the emacsclient, which will then exit. | |
1380 | |
1381 NOTE: `emacsclient' and `server' must be running on machines which share | |
1382 the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that emacsclient | |
1383 specifies should be correct for the filesystem that the Emacs process | |
1384 sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at the time emacsclient | |
1385 is invoked. emacsclient should either be invoked from another X window or | |
1386 from a shell window inside Emacs itself. | |
1387 | |
1388 There is an enhanced version of emacsclient/server called `gnuserv' by | |
1389 Andy Norman <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> which is available in the Emacs Lisp | |
1390 Archive. gnuserv uses Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most | |
1391 network connections. It also supports the execution of arbitrary Emacs | |
1392 Lisp forms and also does not require the client program to wait for | |
1393 completion. It is available via anonymous FTP (Emacs Lisp Archive: | |
1394 packages/gnuserv.shar). | |
1395 | |
1396 42: How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1397 | |
1398 Write a program which runs the compiler as a child and filters its output, | |
1399 rearranging as necessary. Install with same name as compiler somewhere in | |
1400 path. | |
1401 | |
1402 Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu> wrote one such for a C compiler under AIX. | |
1403 Available via FTP: | |
1404 | |
1405 /cs.utk.edu:readonly/aixcc.lex | |
1406 | |
1407 Jim Frost <jimf@saber.com> wrote another for the IBM xlc compiler on the | |
1408 RS/6000. (I don't know if these are both for the same compiler.) | |
1409 Johnathan Vail <vail@tegra.COM> wrote something for a High C compiler | |
1410 (`hc', which is one of the compilers on the RS/6000, although I think | |
1411 Johnathan wrote his program for hc on a different computer). | |
1412 | |
1413 43: How do I indent switch statements like this? | |
1414 | |
1415 Many people want to indent their switch statements like this: | |
1416 | |
1417 f() | |
1418 { | |
1419 switch(x) { | |
1420 case A: | |
1421 x1; | |
1422 break; | |
1423 case B: | |
1424 x2; | |
1425 break; | |
1426 default: | |
1427 x3; | |
1428 } | |
1429 } | |
1430 | |
1431 I don't believe there is any way to do this exactly without modifying the | |
1432 Lisp code in c-mode.el. You can set c-indent-level to 4 and | |
1433 c-label-offset to -2, but this has bad effects elsewhere. {Anyone have a | |
1434 solution?} | |
1435 | |
1436 44: How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? | |
1437 | |
1438 There is no completely correct way of doing this that does not involve | |
1439 rewriting all commands or writing your own top-level command loop (not a | |
1440 completely bad idea). Wayne Mesard <wmesard@pescadero.stanford.edu> has | |
1441 written a particularly advanced kludge called `hscroll.el' that checks | |
1442 once a second to make sure point is visible. | |
1443 | |
1444 45: How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
1445 | |
1446 M-x overwrite-mode (a minor mode). | |
1447 | |
1448 46: How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1449 | |
1450 Martin R. Frank <martin@cc.gatech.edu> writes: | |
1451 | |
1452 Tell Emacs to use the 'visible bell' instead of the audible bell, and | |
1453 set the visible bell to nothing. | |
1454 | |
1455 Put this in your TERMCAP environment variable: | |
1456 | |
1457 ... :vb=: ... | |
1458 | |
1459 And evaluate this: | |
1460 | |
1461 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1462 | |
1463 47: How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X Windows? | |
1464 | |
1465 Under versions of Emacs before 18.58, the bell volume was annoying loud | |
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1466 and difficult to turn off. So upgrading to 18.58 or higher will reduce |
1736 | 1467 the volume. If you want to turn it off completely, use `xset'. There is |
1468 no way to turn the bell off just for Emacs without affecting all other | |
1469 programs. | |
1470 | |
1471 Under Epoch you can do: | |
1472 | |
1473 (setq epoch::bell-volume 20) | |
1474 | |
1475 Stu Grossman <grossman@sunburn.stanford.edu> wrote a patch that allows the | |
1476 bell volume to be adjusted from inside Emacs just for Emacs. | |
1477 | |
1478 48: How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the | |
1479 indentation of the previous line? | |
1480 | |
1481 One solution is Indented Text Mode (M-x indented-text-mode). | |
1482 | |
1483 If you have Auto-Fill mode on (a minor mode, see question 32), you can | |
1484 tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain character sequence, the | |
1485 "fill prefix". Type the prefix at the beginning of a line, position point | |
1486 after it, and then type "C-x ." (set-fill-prefix) to set the fill prefix. | |
1487 Thereafter, auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the | |
1488 beginning of new lines, and M-q (fill-paragraph) will maintain any fill | |
1489 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1490 | |
1491 NOTE: If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you | |
1492 will have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move | |
1493 to a new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages | |
1494 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive. Look up `fill' and `indent' in the | |
1495 Lisp Code Directory for guidance. | |
1496 | |
1497 49: How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1498 | |
1499 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
1500 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will blink the cursor on the matching | |
1501 parenthesis. | |
1502 | |
1503 M-C-f (forward-sexp) and M-C-b (backward-sexp) will skip over balanced | |
1504 parentheses, so you can see which parentheses match. (You can train it to | |
1505 skip over balanced brackets and braces at the same time by modifying the | |
1506 syntax table.) | |
1507 | |
1508 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the % key show the matching | |
1509 parenthesis, like in vi. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a | |
1510 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. | |
1511 | |
1512 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
1513 | |
1514 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
1515 | |
1516 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
1517 "Go to the matching parenthesis if on parenthesis otherwise insert %." | |
1518 (interactive "p") | |
1519 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
1520 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
1521 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
1522 | |
1523 50: In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after #ifdef | |
1524 commands are handled by the compiler? | |
1525 | |
1526 M-x hide-ifdef-mode. (This is a minor mode.) | |
1527 | |
1528 You may have to (load "hideif") first. If you want to do this regularly, | |
1529 put this in your .emacs file: | |
1530 | |
1531 (autoload 'hide-ifdef-mode "hideif" nil t) | |
1532 | |
1533 {Yes, I know, this should be in lisp/loaddefs.el already.} | |
1534 | |
1535 51: Is there an equivalent to the `.' (dot) command of vi? | |
1536 | |
1537 (`.' is the redo command in vi. It redoes the last insertion/deletion.) | |
1538 | |
1539 No, not really. | |
1540 | |
1541 You can type "C-x ESC" (repeat-complex-command) to reinvoke commands that | |
1542 used the minibuffer to get arguments. In repeat-complex-command you can | |
1543 type M-p and M-n to scan through all the different complex commands you've | |
1544 typed. | |
1545 | |
1546 To repeat something on each line I recommend using keyboard macros. | |
1547 | |
1548 52: What are the valid X resource settings (ie., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
1549 | |
1550 See the Emacs man page, or the etc/OPTIONS file. Ignore the information | |
1551 in etc/XDOC which is way out of date. | |
1552 | |
1553 53: How do I execute a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
1554 | |
1555 There are a number of ways to execute (called "evaluate") an Emacs Lisp | |
1556 "form": | |
1557 | |
1558 * If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
1559 named `.emacs' in your home directory. | |
1560 | |
1561 * You can type the form in the *scratch* buffer, and then type LFD (or | |
1562 C-j) after it. The result of evaluating the form will be inserted in | |
1563 the buffer. | |
1564 | |
1565 * In Emacs-Lisp mode, typing M-C-x evaluates a top-level form before or | |
1566 around point. | |
1567 | |
1568 * Typing "C-x C-e" in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
1569 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
1570 | |
1571 * Typing M-ESC or M-x eval-expression allows you to type a Lisp form in | |
1572 the minibuffer which will be evaluated. | |
1573 | |
1574 * You can use M-x load-file to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp forms in | |
1575 a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function `load' instead.) | |
1576 | |
1577 These functions are also used for evaluating Lisp forms: | |
1578 | |
1579 load-library, eval-region, eval-current-buffer, require, autoload | |
1580 | |
1581 54: How do I change Emacs's idea of the tab character's length? | |
1582 | |
1583 Example: (setq default-tab-width 10). | |
1584 | |
1585 55: How do I insert `>' at the beginning of every line? | |
1586 | |
1587 Type "M-x replace-regexp RET ^ RET > RET". | |
1588 | |
1589 To do this only in the region, type "C-x n M-x replace-regexp RET ^ RET | |
1590 > RET C-x w". | |
1591 | |
1592 WARNING: The command narrow-to-region (C-x n) is disabled by default | |
1593 because it can be very confusing (ie., "Oh no! Where did my file go?"). | |
1594 | |
1595 56: How do I insert `_^H' before each character in a paragraph to get an | |
1596 underlined paragraph? | |
1597 | |
1598 M-x underline-region. | |
1599 | |
1600 57: How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
1601 | |
1602 Use "C-x (" and "C-x )" to make a keyboard macro that invokes the command | |
1603 and then type "M-0 C-x e". | |
1604 | |
1605 WARNING: any messages your command prints in the echo area will be | |
1606 suppressed. | |
1607 | |
1608 58: How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor | |
1609 should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
1610 | |
1611 M-x picture-mode. (This is a minor mode, in theory anyway ...) | |
1612 | |
1613 59: How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
1614 | |
1615 You need to modify C source and recompile. Either that or get Epoch or | |
1616 Lucid Emacs instead. Patches have been written by Robert Forsman | |
1617 <thoth@reef.cis.ufl.edu> and Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> to allow Emacs to | |
1618 iconify itself and by Matt Wette <mwette@mr-ed.jpl.nasa.gov> and | |
1619 Manavendra K. Thakur <thakur@zerkalo.harvard.edu> (for 18.57, plus icon | |
1620 geometry) to allow Emacs to start up iconified. I don't know which of | |
1621 these patches work together. | |
1622 | |
1623 Anonymous FTP: | |
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1624 /csi.jpl.nasa.gov:pub/emax.patch1 (Matt Wette) |
1736 | 1625 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z (Johan Vromans) |
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1626 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun (Johan Vromans) |
1736 | 1627 |
1628 60: How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
1629 | |
1630 See `Regexps' in the online manual. | |
1631 | |
1632 WARNING: The "or" operator is `\|', not `|', and the grouping operators | |
1633 are `\(' and `\)'. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is "\\". | |
1634 Thus, the string syntax for a regular expression like xxx\(foo\|bar\) is | |
1635 "xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)". Notice the duplicated backslashes! | |
1636 | |
1637 WARNING: Unlike in Unix grep, sed, etc., a complement character set | |
1638 ([^...]) can match a newline character (LFD aka C-j aka \n), unless | |
1639 newline is mentioned as one of the characters not to match. | |
1640 | |
1641 WARNING: The character syntax regexps (eg. `\sw') are not meaningful | |
1642 inside character set regexps (eg. `[aeiou]'). (This is actually typical | |
1643 for regexp syntax.) | |
1644 | |
1645 61: How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
1646 | |
1647 The "tags" feature of Emacs includes the command tags-query-replace which | |
1648 performs a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the TAGS file. | |
1649 See `Tags:Tags Search' in the online manual. | |
1650 | |
1651 In addition, Martin Boyer has written a package named global-replace which | |
1652 will perform a query-replace across all the files mentioned in the | |
1653 *compilation* buffer (usually done after a `grep'), which is available via | |
1654 anonymous FTP: | |
1655 | |
1656 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/compile.el.Z | |
1657 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/global-replace.el.Z | |
1658 /ireq-robot.hydro.qc.ca:pub/emacs/lisp/query.el.Z | |
1659 | |
1660 62: Where is the documentation for `etags'? | |
1661 | |
1662 `etags' takes options just like a prior version of ctags, so your ctags | |
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1663 manual (if any) may be useful. Eoin Woods, in comp.emacs, writes the ! |
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1664 following: ! |
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1665 ! |
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1666 From reading the source (!) the way I use it is: ! |
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1667 ! |
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1668 for f in `find <args>` ! |
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1669 do ! |
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1670 etags -at -f ETAGS $f ! |
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1671 done ! |
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1672 ! |
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1673 The "-t" option means to create tags for typedefs as well as functions. ! |
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1674 The "-a" option tells it to append to the output file. If you have a ! |
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1675 small number of files (up to a few hundred I think) you can use it ! |
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1676 direct as: ! |
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1677 ! |
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1678 etags -f ETAGS file1 file2 file3 ... filen ! |
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1679 ! |
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1680 The option list is: ! |
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1681 ! |
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1682 -f file - Specify the output file name (Default is "TAGS") ! |
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1683 -a - Append to the output file. (Default is to rewrite it) ! |
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1684 -t - Create tags for typedefs (default is just functions) ! |
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1685 -u - Update the output file. Do not re-create it. ! |
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1686 -w - Suppress warnings ! |
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1687 -v - Create vgrind style indexed output (What is vgrind??) ! |
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1688 -x - Create cxref style output (default is Emacs Tags) ! |
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1689 -e - Emacs tags style output (the default the way I ! |
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1690 compile it) ! |
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1691 ! |
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1692 Having got it working, it works fine! ! |
1736 | 1693 |
1694 | |
1695 | |
1696 Bugs/Problems | |
1697 | |
1698 63: Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
1699 | |
1700 Most installed versions of GNU Emacs will use 24-bit signed integers (and | |
1701 24-bit pointers) internally. This limits the file size that Emacs can | |
1702 handle to 8,388,607 bytes (2^23 - 1). | |
1703 | |
1704 Leonard N. Zubkoff <lnz@lucid.com> suggests putting the following two | |
1705 lines in src/config.h before compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers | |
1706 and pointers (and thus filesizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): | |
1707 | |
1708 #define VALBITS 26 | |
1709 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
1710 | |
1711 WARNING: This method may result in `ILLEGAL DATATYPE' and other random | |
1712 errors on some machines. | |
1713 | |
1714 David Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> gives an explanation of why | |
1715 Emacs uses 24 bit integers and pointers: | |
1716 | |
1717 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
1718 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
1719 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value must | |
1720 carry a "tag" along with it identifying what kind of thing it is, eg., | |
1721 integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and so on. | |
1722 Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the top 8 | |
1723 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So integers (and | |
1724 pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C integers and | |
1725 pointers. | |
1726 | |
1727 Emacs uses 8-bit tags because that's a little faster on byte-oriented | |
1728 machines, but there are only really enough tags to require 6 bits. | |
1729 | |
1730 64: Why can't Emacs find files in current directory on startup? | |
1731 | |
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1732 The PWD bug has been fixed as of GNU Emacs 18.59. Read on if you are |
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1733 running an older version of Emacs. |
1736 | 1734 |
1735 Most likely, you have an environment variable named PWD that is set to a | |
1736 value other than the name of your current directory. This is most | |
1737 likely caused by using two different shell programs. `ksh' and (some | |
1738 versions of) `csh' set and maintain the value of the PWD environment | |
1739 variable, but `sh' doesn't. If you start sh from ksh, change your | |
1740 current directory inside sh, and then start Emacs from inside sh, PWD | |
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1741 will have the wrong value but Emacs will use this value. An invalid |
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1742 setting for PWD can also be a problem if you use X Windows and csh on an |
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changeset
|
1743 RS/6000. See the etc/OPTIONS file for more details. |
1736 | 1744 |
1745 Perhaps an easier solution is not to use two shells. The `chsh' program | |
1746 can often be used to change one's default login shell. | |
1747 | |
1748 You may have PWD set for other reasons. Another possibility is that you | |
1749 are setting default-directory from your .emacs file. | |
1750 | |
1751 Here is a fix by Jim Blandy <jimb@occs.cs.oberlin.edu>: | |
1752 | |
1753 >--- emacs/jjj/emacs-18.58/lisp/startup.el Tue Jan 15 23:19:04 1991 | |
1754 >+++ startup.el Mon Apr 20 00:21:01 1992 | |
1755 >@@ -81,5 +81,7 @@ | |
1756 > ;; In presence of symlinks, switch to cleaner form of default directory. | |
1757 > (if (and (not (eq system-type 'vax-vms)) | |
1758 >- (getenv "PWD")) | |
1759 >+ (getenv "PWD") | |
1760 >+ (equal (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes default-directory)) | |
1761 >+ (nthcdr 10 (file-attributes (getenv "PWD"))))) | |
1762 > (setq default-directory (file-name-as-directory (getenv "PWD")))) | |
1763 > (unwind-protect | |
1764 | |
1765 65: How do I get rid of the ^M junk in my Shell buffer? | |
1766 | |
1767 For tcsh, put this in your `.cshrc' (or `.tcshrc') file: | |
1768 | |
1769 if ($?EMACS) then | |
1770 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
1771 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
1772 stty nl | |
1773 endif | |
1774 endif | |
1775 | |
1776 Or put this in your .emacs_tcsh file: | |
1777 | |
1778 unset edit | |
1779 stty nl | |
1780 | |
1781 Alternatively, use csh in your Shell buffers instead of tcsh. One way | |
1782 is: | |
1783 | |
1784 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
1785 | |
1786 and another is to do this in your .cshrc (or .tcshrc) file: | |
1787 | |
1788 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
1789 | |
1790 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly | |
1791 set for this to take effect.) | |
1792 | |
1793 66: Why do I get `Process shell exited abnormally with code 1'? | |
1794 | |
1795 The most likely reason for this message is that the `env' program is not | |
1796 properly installed. This program should be compiled (for the correct | |
1797 architecture!) and installed with execute permission for everyone in | |
1798 Emacs's program directory, which is normally /usr/local/emacs/etc. You | |
1799 can find what this directory is at your site by inspecting the value of | |
1800 the variable exec-directory by typing "C-h v exec-directory RET". `env' | |
1801 should also be for the correct architecture (check using `file' command). | |
1802 | |
1803 You should also check for other programs named `env' in your path (eg., | |
1804 SunOS has a program named /usr/bin/env). I don't understand why this can | |
1805 cause a failure and I don't know a general solution for working around the | |
1806 problem in this case. | |
1807 | |
1808 The `make clean' command will remove `env' and other vital programs, so be | |
1809 careful when using it. | |
1810 | |
1811 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
1812 as an X client from an xterm window (ie. had a controlling tty) but the | |
1813 xterm was later terminated. | |
1814 | |
1815 See also etc/PROBLEMS for other possible causes of this message. | |
1816 | |
1817 67: Why can't I cut from Emacs and paste in other X programs? | |
1818 | |
1819 Emacs stores things you "cut" in the X "cut buffers". It also pastes from | |
1820 the cut buffer `CUT_BUFFER0'. This is obsolete. Most modern X programs | |
1821 now expect to work with "selections" instead of cut buffers, although some | |
1822 like `xterm' will try to use the cut buffers if the selection is null. | |
1823 | |
1824 Emacs 18.58 contains a "fix" that makes xterm work by default. This | |
1825 "fix" is that Emacs clears the `PRIMARY' selection when it stores | |
1826 something in the cut buffer. By making the selection null, xterm will | |
1827 then fetch from the cut buffer when you try to paste. | |
1828 | |
1829 For versions of Emacs prior to 18.58, you can make pasting from Emacs into | |
1830 xterm work with the following X resources: | |
1831 | |
1832 ! Solution by Thomas Narten, should work under X11R3 and later GNU | |
1833 ! Emacs only copies to CUT_BUFFER0. xterm by default wants to paste | |
1834 ! from the PRIMARY selection. | |
1835 XTerm*VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
1836 ~Meta <Btn2Up>: insert-selection(CUT_BUFFER0,PRIMARY) | |
1837 | |
1838 You may have problems copying between Emacs and programs other than xterm | |
1839 that won't store cut text in the cut buffers or look in the cut buffers | |
1840 for text to paste (for backwards compatibility with obsolete applications | |
1841 like Emacs :-). The best workaround is to use the `xcutsel' program as an | |
1842 intermediary. | |
1843 | |
1844 This problem does not exist for Epoch or Lucid Emacs. | |
1845 | |
1846 68: Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type `emacs'? | |
1847 | |
1848 The termcap entry for terminal type `emacs' is ordinarily put in the | |
1849 TERMCAP environment variable of subshells. It may help in certain | |
1850 situations (eg., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an entry for | |
1851 `emacs' to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a correct termcap entry | |
1852 for `emacs': | |
1853 | |
1854 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
1855 | |
1856 To make a terminfo entry for `emacs', use `tic' or `captoinfo'. You need | |
1857 to generate /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. It may work to simply copy | |
1858 /usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb to /usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs. | |
1859 | |
1860 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
1861 programs in shell buffers. Use M-x terminal-emulator for that instead. | |
1862 | |
1863 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
1864 change terminal type `emacs' to type `dumb' or `unknown' in your shell | |
1865 start up file. `csh' users could put this in their .cshrc files: | |
1866 | |
1867 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
1868 | |
1869 69: Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying `I-search:' and beeping? | |
1870 | |
1871 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
1872 sending C-s and C-q for flow control, and Emacs is receiving these | |
1873 characters and interpreting them as commands. (The C-s character normally | |
1874 invokes the isearch-forward command.) For possible solutions, see | |
1875 question 131. | |
1876 | |
1877 70: Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
1878 | |
1879 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
1880 gethostbyname than the rest of the programs on the machine. This is often | |
1881 manifested as a message on startup of `X server not responding. Check | |
1882 your DISPLAY environment variable.' or a message of `Unknown host' from | |
1883 open-network-stream. | |
1884 | |
1885 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
1886 library. The version of gethostbyname in the static C library may only | |
1887 look in /etc/hosts and the NIS (YP) maps, while the version in the dynamic | |
1888 C library may be smart enough to check DNS in addition to or instead of | |
1889 NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V R3.6, the version of | |
1890 gethosbyname in the standard library works, but the one that works with | |
1891 NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). Other operating systems have | |
1892 similar problems. | |
1893 | |
1894 Try these options: | |
1895 | |
1896 * Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to /etc/hosts. | |
1897 | |
1898 * Relink Emacs with this line in src/config.h: | |
1899 | |
1900 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
1901 | |
1902 * Replace gethostbyname and friends in libc.a with more useful versions | |
1903 such as the ones in libresolv.a. Then relink Emacs. | |
1904 | |
1905 * If you are actually running NIS, make sure that `ypbind' is properly | |
1906 told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. | |
1907 | |
1908 * Use tcp.el and tcp.c from GNUS. This has the additional advantage that | |
1909 you can use numeric IP addresses instead of names. open-network-stream | |
1910 currently can't handle numeric addresses. Brian Thomson | |
1911 <thomson@hub.toronto.edu> has a enhancement to open-network-stream to | |
1912 allow it to handle numeric addresses. | |
1913 | |
1914 71: Why does Emacs say `Error in init file'? | |
1915 | |
1916 An error occurred while loading either your .emacs file or the system-wide | |
1917 lisp/default.el file. For information on how to debug your .emacs file, | |
1918 see question 29. | |
1919 | |
1920 It may be the case that you may need to load some package first, or use a | |
1921 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case of | |
1922 this is explained in question 127. | |
1923 | |
1924 72: Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? | |
1925 | |
1926 * Try compiling Emacs with the XBACKWARDS macro defined. There is a bug | |
1927 in some implementations of XGetDefault, which do not correspond to the | |
1928 documentation or the header files. | |
1929 | |
1930 * Make sure you are either using the class name of `Emacs' (oops, | |
1931 apparently this is buggy in Emacs 18.58!) or the correct instance name. | |
1932 The instance name is normally the same as the name of the file Emacs is | |
1933 in (ie., the last part of argv[0]), but this can be overridden by -rn | |
1934 command line option or the WM_RES_NAME environment variable. | |
1935 | |
1936 WARNING: Reports say using the class name fails in Emacs 18.58. | |
1937 | |
1938 WARNING: The advice the man page gives to use `emacs' is often wrong. | |
1939 | |
1940 WARNING: Older versions of Emacs got the class name wrong. | |
1941 | |
1942 * Emacs currently ignores the -xrm command line argument. | |
1943 | |
1944 * Emacs does not yet handle X11R5 screen-specific resources. | |
1945 | |
1946 * Emacs has a bug where it ignores color specifications if running on a | |
1947 1-bit display (ie. a non-color display). | |
1948 | |
1949 * I don't think Emacs will use either of the application-specific resource | |
1950 files. Thus these environment variables don't affect it: XAPPLRESDIR, | |
1951 XUSERFILESEARCHPATH, XFILESEARCHPATH. {Correct?} | |
1952 | |
1953 73: Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? | |
1954 | |
1955 The usual cause is that the master lock file, `!!!SuperLock!!!' has been | |
1956 left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. | |
1957 | |
1958 Mark Meuer <meuer@geom.umn.edu> says that NeXT NFS has a bug where an | |
1959 exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This can cause the | |
1960 same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work over NFS anyway, | |
1961 the best solution is to recompile Emacs with CLASH_DETECTION undefined. | |
1962 | |
1963 74: How do I edit a file with a `$' in its name? | |
1964 | |
1965 When entering a filename in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand | |
1966 a `$' followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress this | |
1967 behavior, type "$$" instead. | |
1968 | |
1969 75: Why does Shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
1970 | |
1971 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its directory. | |
1972 This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to guess by | |
1973 recognizing `cd' commands. If you type `cd' followed by a directory name | |
1974 with a variable reference (`cd $HOME/bin') or with a shell metacharacter | |
1975 (`cd ../lib*'), Emacs will fail to correctly guess the shell's new current | |
1976 directory. A huge variety of fixes and enhancements to Shell mode for | |
1977 this problem have been written to handle this problem. Check the Lisp | |
1978 Code Directory (see question 88). | |
1979 | |
1980 76: Why doesn't my change to load-path work? | |
1981 | |
1982 If you added a directory name containing a tilde (~) to your load-path, | |
1983 expecting the tilde to be interpreted as your home directory, then you | |
1984 need to do something like this: | |
1985 | |
1986 (setq load-path (mapcar 'expand-file-name load-path)) | |
1987 | |
1988 77: Why does the cursor always go to the wrong column when I move up or | |
1989 down one line? | |
1990 | |
1991 You have inadvertently typed "C-x C-n" (set-goal-column) which sets the | |
1992 "goal column" to the column where the cursor was. To undo this type | |
1993 "C-u C-x C-n". | |
1994 | |
1995 If you make this mistake frequently, you might want to unbind or disable | |
1996 this command by doing one of these two: | |
1997 | |
1998 (define-key ctl-x-map "\C-n" nil) | |
1999 (put 'set-goal-column 'disabled t) | |
2000 | |
2001 78: Why does Emacs hang with message `Unknown XMenu error' with X11R4? | |
2002 | |
2003 Many different X errors can produce this message. Here is the solution | |
2004 to one problem: | |
2005 | |
2006 X11 Release 4 (and later, including OpenWindows) enforces some conditions | |
2007 in the X protocol that were previously allowed to pass unnoticed. You | |
2008 need to put the X11R4 server into X11R3 bug compatibility mode for Emacs's | |
2009 Xmenu code to work. You can do this with the command `xset bc'. | |
2010 | |
2011 79: Why doesn't display-time show the load average in the mode line | |
2012 anymore? | |
2013 | |
2014 In GNU Emacs 18.56, a change was made in the display-time code. | |
2015 Formerly, in version 18.55, Emacs used a program named `loadst' to | |
2016 notify Emacs of the change in time every minute. loadst also sent Emacs | |
2017 the system load average if it was installed with sufficient privilege to | |
2018 get that information (or was on a system where no such privilege was | |
2019 needed). Emacs then displayed this information in the mode line. | |
2020 | |
2021 In version 18.56, this code was changed to use a program named `wakeup'. | |
2022 wakeup doesn't send Emacs any information, it's only purpose is to send | |
2023 Emacs *something* every minute, thus invoking the filter function in | |
2024 Emacs once a minute. The filter function in Emacs does all the work of | |
2025 finding the time, date, and load average. However, getting the load | |
2026 average requires the privilege to read kernel memory on most systems. | |
2027 Since giving Emacs this privilege would destroy any security a system | |
2028 might have, for almost everyone this is not an option. In addition, | |
2029 Emacs does not have the code built into it to get this information on | |
2030 the systems which have special system calls for this purpose, even | |
2031 though loadst had code for this. | |
2032 | |
2033 The solution I use is to get the files lisp/display-time.el and | |
2034 etc/loadst.c from version 18.55 and use those with 18.58. (I have heard | |
2035 a rumor that loadst disappeared because of the legal action Unipress | |
2036 threatened against IBM.) | |
2037 | |
2038 WARNING: Do not install Emacs setgid kmem unless you wish to destroy | |
2039 any security your system might have!!!!!!!!!! | |
2040 | |
2041 If you are using Emacs 18.55 or earlier, or already using the solution I | |
2042 describe above, read further: | |
2043 | |
2044 The most likely cause of the problem is that `loadst' can't read the | |
2045 special file /dev/kmem. To properly install loadst, it should be either | |
2046 setuid to the owner of /dev/kmem, or is should be setgid to the group to | |
2047 which /dev/kmem belongs. In either case, /dev/kmem should be readable by | |
2048 its owner or its group, respectively. Assuming the existence of a group | |
2049 named `kmem', here is an example of how to do this: | |
2050 | |
2051 chgrp kmem /dev/kmem | |
2052 chmod g+r /dev/kmem | |
2053 chgrp kmem /usr/local/emacs/etc/loadst | |
2054 chmod g+s /usr/local/emacs/etc/loadst | |
2055 | |
2056 Another possibility is that your version of Unix doesn't have the load | |
2057 average data available in /dev/kmem. Your version of Unix might have a | |
2058 special system call to retrieve this information (eg., inq_stats under | |
2059 UMAX), and loadst might not have been enhanced to cope with this. | |
2060 | |
2061 80: Why does ispell sometimes ignore the local dictionary? | |
2062 | |
2063 You need to update the version of Ispell to 2.0.02. (Or you can switch to | |
2064 version 3.0 which is still in beta-testing.) A patch is available via | |
2065 anonymous FTP: | |
2066 | |
2067 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/ispell/patch2.Z | |
2068 | |
2069 You also need to change a line in ispell.el from: | |
2070 | |
2071 (defconst ispell-version "2.0.01") ; Check against output of "ispell -v". | |
2072 | |
2073 to: | |
2074 | |
2075 (defconst ispell-version "2.0.02") ; Check against output of "ispell -v". | |
2076 | |
2077 81: Why does Ispell treat each line as a single word? | |
2078 | |
2079 Ispell expects to get its input one word per line. The ispell filter, | |
2080 which is specified by the variables ispell-filter-hook and | |
2081 ispell-filter-hook-args, should output at most one word per line. | |
2082 | |
2083 82: Are there any security risks in GNU Emacs? | |
2084 | |
2085 * the `movemail' incident (No, this is not a risk.) | |
2086 | |
2087 Cliff Stoll in his book `The Cuckoo's Egg' describes this in chapter 4. | |
2088 The site at LBL had installed the `etc/movemail' program setuid root. | |
2089 Since `movemail' had not been designed for this situation, a security | |
3591
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
2090 hole was created and users could get root privileges. |
1736 | 2091 |
2092 `movemail' has since been changed so that even if it is installed setuid | |
2093 root this security hole will not be a result. | |
2094 | |
2095 I have heard unverified reports that the Internet worm took advantage of | |
2096 this configuration problem. | |
2097 | |
2098 * the file-local-variable feature (Yes, a risk, but easy to change.) | |
2099 | |
2100 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
2101 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
2102 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
2103 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
2104 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
2105 feature. | |
2106 | |
2107 If you set the variable inhibit-local-variables to a non-nil value, | |
2108 Emacs will display the special local variable settings of a file that | |
2109 you visit and ask you if you really want them. This variable is not | |
2110 mentioned in the manual. | |
2111 | |
2112 It is wise to do this in lisp/site-init.el before building Emacs: | |
2113 | |
2114 (setq inhibit-local-variables t) | |
2115 | |
2116 If Emacs has already been built, the expression can be put in | |
2117 lisp/default.el instead, or an individual can put it in their own .emacs | |
2118 file. | |
2119 | |
2120 The ability to exploit this feature by sending e-mail to an RMAIL user | |
2121 was fixed sometime after Emacs 18.52. However, any new package that | |
2122 uses find-file or find-file-noselect has to be careful about this. | |
2123 | |
2124 For more information, see `File Variables' in the online manual (which, | |
2125 incidentally, does not describe how to disable the feature). | |
2126 | |
2127 There is a new variable in Emacs 18.58 named ignore-local-eval which | |
2128 turns out to be useless as currently implemented. Ignore it. | |
2129 | |
2130 * synthetic X events (Yes, a risk, use MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1 or better.) | |
2131 | |
2132 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the SendEvent request as | |
2133 though they were regular events. As a result, if you are using the | |
2134 trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X | |
3591
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
2135 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
2136 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. |
1736 | 2137 |
2138 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
2139 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
2140 authentication mechanism, such as MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. If using the | |
2141 `xauth' program has any effect, then you are probably using | |
2142 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1. Your site may be using a superior authentication | |
2143 method; ask your system administrator. | |
2144 | |
2145 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
2146 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
2147 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
2148 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but DOES | |
2149 NOT ELIMINATE THE RISK. | |
2150 | |
2151 Lucid GNU Emacs does not accept synthetic X events unless you set a | |
2152 variable. | |
2153 | |
2154 * autosave file permissions (Yes, a risk, hard to work around.) | |
2155 | |
2156 The file permissions for autosave files are determined solely by the | |
2157 Emacs process's `umask' value. The permissions of the file being | |
2158 autosaved are not used. The easiest workaround is to keep sensitive | |
2159 files in protected directories. Sebastian Kremer has written an | |
2160 enhanced version of the autosave file name picking code that can avoid | |
2161 this problem by keeping autosave files in a protected directory. {FTP | |
2162 information please?} This problem will be fixed in Emacs 19. | |
2163 | |
2164 | |
2165 | |
2166 Difficulties Building/Installing/Porting Emacs | |
2167 | |
2168 83: What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
2169 | |
2170 First look in the file etc/PROBLEMS to see if there is already a solution | |
2171 for your problem. Next check the FAQ (you're reading it). If you don't | |
2172 find a solution, then report your problem via e-mail to | |
2173 bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. Please do not post it to gnu.emacs.help or | |
2174 e-mail it to help-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu. For further guidelines, see | |
2175 question 8. | |
2176 | |
2177 84: How do I stop Emacs from failing when the executable is stripped? | |
2178 | |
2179 Don't do that. | |
2180 | |
2181 This problem has been reported on SGI Indigo machines running Irix 4.0.* | |
2182 and RS/6000 machines. Scott Henry <scotth@hoshi.corp.SGi.COM> posted a | |
2183 patch that fixes the problem for Irix. | |
2184 | |
2185 85: Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
2186 | |
2187 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
2188 libX11.a. This may be missing. | |
2189 | |
2190 Under OpenWindows, you may need to use `add_services' to add the | |
2191 `OpenWindows Programmers' optional software category from the CD-ROM. | |
2192 | |
2193 Under HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run `update' again to load the | |
2194 X11-PRG `fileset'. This may be missing even if you specified `all | |
2195 filesets' the first time. If libcurses.a is missing, you may need to load | |
2196 the `Berkeley Development Option' {???}. | |
2197 | |
2198 If you are building the MIT X11 sources, you may need to modify your | |
2199 `site.cf' file to get static versions of the libraries. (Info from David | |
2200 Zuhn <zoo@cygnus.com>.) | |
2201 | |
2202 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
2203 CANNOT_DUMP and link with the shared libraries instead. | |
2204 | |
2205 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's | |
2206 liboldX.a. | |
2207 | |
2208 86: Why does Emacs 18.55 say `Fatal error (6).Abort' under SunOS 4.1? | |
2209 | |
2210 I had hoped this question would go away after Emacs 18.57 was released, | |
2211 but people continue to compile 18.55. Easiest solution: upgrade. | |
2212 | |
2213 This is a result of the SunOS localtime/tzsetwall malloc bug, which was | |
2214 (finally!) fixed in SunOS 4.1.2. If you actually need the full | |
2215 explanation, send me e-mail. If you absolutely must compile Emacs 18.55 | |
2216 (eg., you are compiling Nemacs), the easiest workaround was to put | |
2217 `#define SYSTEM_MALLOC' in src/config.h. | |
2218 | |
2219 | |
2220 | |
2221 GNU Emacs FAQ: Getting Emacs/Packages | |
2222 | |
2223 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
2224 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
2225 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
2226 | |
2227 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
2228 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
2229 | |
2230 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
2231 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
2232 deletions occurred. | |
2233 | |
2234 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
2235 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
2236 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
2237 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
2238 | |
2239 | |
2240 | |
2241 Finding/Getting Emacs and Related Packages | |
2242 | |
2243 87: Where can I get GNU Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
2244 | |
2245 Look in the files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for information on nearby | |
2246 archive sites. If you don't already have GNU Emacs, see question 20 | |
2247 for how to get these two files. | |
2248 | |
2249 The latest version is always available via anonymous FTP at MIT: | |
2250 | |
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2251 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/emacs-18.59.tar.Z |
1736 | 2252 |
2253 See question 91. | |
2254 | |
2255 88: How do I find a GNU Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
2256 | |
2257 A listing of Emacs Lisp packages, called the Lisp Code Directory, is being | |
2258 maintained by Dave Brennan <brennan@hal.com> and Dave Sill <de5@ornl.gov>. | |
2259 You can search through this list to find if someone has written something | |
2260 that fits your needs. | |
2261 | |
2262 This list is file LCD-datafile.Z in the Emacs Lisp Archive. (See | |
2263 question 89 for methods for getting this file.) The files lispdir.el.Z | |
2264 and lispdir.doc.Z in the archive contain information to help you use the | |
2265 list. Once you have installed lispdir.el and LCD-datafile, then you can | |
2266 use the "M-x lisp-dir-apropos" command to look things up in the database. | |
2267 For example, the command "M-x lisp-dir-apropos RET ange-ftp RET" produces | |
2268 this (outdated) output: | |
2269 | |
2270 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Apropos -- "ange-ftp" | |
2271 | |
2272 ange-ftp (3.112) 91-08-12 | |
2273 Andy Norman, <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
2274 archive.cis.ohio-state.edu: | |
2275 /pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/as-is/ange-ftp.el.Z | |
2276 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs | |
2277 | |
2278 89: Where can I get GNU Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
2279 | |
2280 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you | |
2281 are looking for. (See question 88). Then check local archives and | |
2282 the Emacs Lisp Archive to find a copy of the relevant files. Then, if | |
2283 you still haven't found it, you can send e-mail to the author asking for | |
2284 a copy. | |
2285 | |
2286 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive via anonymous FTP: | |
2287 | |
2288 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/ | |
2289 | |
2290 Fetch the file README first. | |
2291 | |
2292 NOTE: The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual | |
2293 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you | |
2294 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a | |
2295 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers. | |
2296 | |
2297 NOTE: Any files with names ending in `.Z' are compressed, and you should | |
2298 use `binary' mode in FTP to retrieve them. You should also use binary | |
2299 mode whenever you retrieve any files with names ending in `.elc'. | |
2300 | |
2301 90: How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
2302 | |
2303 Submissions should be mailed to elisp-archive@cis.ohio-state.edu. The | |
2304 lispdir.el package has a function named submit-lcd-entry which will help | |
2305 you with this. Mail messages (submissions) are automatically saved and | |
2306 periodically archived. Urgent mail may be sent directly to Dave Sill | |
2307 <de5@ornl.gov> or Dave Brennan <brennan@hal.com> or should contain the | |
2308 string `urgent' in the subject. The incoming ftp directory is no longer | |
2309 available at the request of Ohio State. {Is this still true?} | |
2310 | |
2311 However, if someone has a submission with multiple files (which would be | |
2312 archived as a tar file) or binary files, then FTP transfer is preferred | |
2313 and can be arranged via an anonymous FTP site. This is faster than | |
2314 uudecoding, unsharing, etc., and re-packaging files. | |
2315 | |
2316 Before submitting anything, please read the file guidelines.Z, which is | |
2317 available in the archive. Whenever possible, submissions should contain a | |
2318 complete LCD entry since this helps reduce administrative overhead for the | |
2319 maintainers. You can include an entry in this format: | |
2320 | |
2321 ;; LCD Archive Entry: | |
2322 ;; package name|author's name|email address | |
2323 ;; |description | |
2324 ;; |date|version|archive path | |
2325 | |
2326 For example: | |
2327 | |
2328 ;; LCD Archive Entry: | |
2329 ;; tex-complete|Sebastian Kremer|sk@thp.Uni-Koeln.DE | |
2330 ;; |Minibuffer name completion for editing [La]TeX. | |
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2331 ;; |91-03-26|$Revision: 1.4 $|~/packages/tex-complete.el.Z ! |
1736 | 2332 |
2333 Dave Brennan has software which automatically looks for data in this | |
2334 format. The format is fairly flexible. The entry ends when a line is | |
2335 reached with a different prefix or the seventh field terminator is | |
2336 seen. | |
2337 | |
2338 If you are submitting a multi-file submission you should include a file | |
2339 named "LCD-entry" which contains the archive entry, instead of placing | |
2340 it in one or more of the individual files. | |
2341 | |
2342 91: Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
2343 | |
2344 The most up-to-date official GNU stuff is normally kept on prep.ai.mit.edu | |
2345 and is available for anonymous FTP in the pub/gnu directory. See the | |
2346 files etc/DISTRIB and etc/FTP for more information. (To get copies of | |
2347 these files, see question 20.) | |
2348 | |
2349 The following sites are all mirror images of the GNU distribution area: | |
2350 | |
2351 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/ | |
2352 /ftp.uu.net:packages/gnu/ | |
2353 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/ (available via FTP, NIFTP, FTAM) | |
2354 /ftp.win.tue.nl:pub/gnu/ | |
2355 /utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:ftpsync/prep/ | |
2356 /nic.funet.fi:pub/gnu/ | |
2357 | |
2358 The directory at ftp.uu.net is a mirror of prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu, | |
2359 except that files larger than 1 megabyte {right?} are automatically | |
2360 split into multiple parts. If you have trouble transferring large | |
2361 files, you should try here. A file normally named `XXX' is split into | |
2362 files XXX-split/part[0-9][0-9], and there will be a file named | |
2363 XXX-split/README which contains the list of parts (especially helpful | |
2364 when FTP-ing by e-mail), their checksums, and reassembly instructions. | |
2365 Some of the other mirror sites may have the same property. {Can someone | |
2366 check this out? Thanks!} | |
2367 | |
2368 Information was provided by Lee McLoughlin <lmjm@doc.ic.ac.uk>, Jonathan | |
2369 R. Ferro <jf41+@ANDREW.CMU.EDU>, Arjan de Vet <devet@win.tue.nl>, and | |
2370 Simon Marshall <S.Marshall@sequent.cc.hull.ac.uk>. | |
2371 | |
2372 92: Where can I get an Emacs with better mouse and X window support? | |
134 | 2373 |
2374 Emacs 18 has some limited X Window System support, but there are | |
2375 problems. Emacs 19 will have amazing mouse and window support. Right | |
1736 | 2376 now, there are Epoch which is derived from GNU Emacs 18.58 and Lucid GNU |
2377 Emacs which is derived from an early unreleased version of GNU Emacs 19, | |
2378 both of which have greatly improved mouse and window support. See | |
2379 questions 120 and 121. | |
2380 | |
2381 The HP unofficial GNU Emacs also has nice mouse support. See question | |
2382 95. | |
597 | 2383 |
2384 There are numerous Emacs Lisp packages that have been written to extend | |
2385 Emacs 18's mouse handling capabilities. Some of these packages also have | |
1736 | 2386 patches to the C code to provide enhanced capabilities. Look up `mouse' |
2387 in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88). | |
2388 | |
2389 There is a package called BAM (Born Again Menus) which provides menus for | |
2390 GNU Emacs via an external C program. It does not provide mouse support in | |
2391 the Emacs window such as scrollbars, cut-and-paste, etc. | |
2392 | |
2393 NOTE: Epoch only works with the X Window System; it works on ordinary | |
2394 terminals by invoking regular GNU Emacs. Lucid Emacs does not currently | |
2395 work on ordinary terminals, although there are plans to fix this. | |
2396 | |
2397 93: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Epoch? | |
2398 | |
2399 Marc Andreessen <marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu> writes: | |
2400 | |
2401 Epoch is GNU Emacs on steroids: an adaptation of GNU Emacs with lots of | |
2402 additional support for features made possible by the X11 windowing | |
2403 system. These features include multiple editing windows, arbitrary | |
2404 colors and fonts (fixed-width and proportional), selectable zones per | |
2405 buffer with arbitrary display styles (font, color, underline, stipple, | |
2406 pixmap), an optional separate minibuffer window, improved keyboard and | |
2407 mouse handling, full 8-bit character set support, and more. | |
2408 | |
2409 94: What is the difference between GNU Emacs and Lucid GNU Emacs? | |
2410 | |
2411 This information is condensed from the release notice: | |
2412 | |
2413 Lucid GNU Emacs is based on an early version of GNU Emacs version 19 | |
2414 with many enhancements. It currently requires X Windows to run. For | |
2415 information on where to get Lucid GNU Emacs see 121. X Windows support | |
2416 is greatly enhanced over GNU Emacs version 18, including support for | |
2417 multiple X Windows (a.k.a. screens in Emacs), Zmacs/Lispm style region | |
2418 highlighting, a customizable, Motif-like menubar, more powerful keymap | |
2419 support (allowing different actions to be associated with Backspace, | |
2420 Control-h, etc.), flexible text attribute (e.g. font, color) support on | |
2421 regional and screen-local basis through X resources and/or lisp, and | |
2422 support for the X11 selection mechanism. Some other features include | |
2423 run-time computation of the load-path, support for floating point | |
2424 numbers, native timer support, and sound file support on Sun | |
2425 SPARCstations. To build Lucid GNU Emacs, an ANSI C compiler (e.g. gcc) | |
2426 is required. | |
2427 | |
2428 95: Where can I get the "unofficial HP GNU Emacs"? | |
2429 | |
2430 The unofficial HP GNU Emacs is available via anonymous FTP: | |
2431 | |
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2432 /ee.utah.edu:HUGE/ (PLEASE FTP DURING NON-WORK HOURS!!!) |
1736 | 2433 |
2434 and takes about 35 megabytes of disk space to build. It is useful for | |
2435 non-HP machines, but some of the added features will only work under | |
2436 HP-UX. | |
597 | 2437 |
2438 You will need to get patches to work with HP-UX 8.0 or on 700 series | |
2439 machines via e-mail from Darryl Okahata <darrylo@sr.hp.com>. | |
2440 | |
1736 | 2441 96: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? |
2442 | |
2443 * Demacs | |
2444 | |
2445 For 386 or 486 PCs running MS-DOS, there is a version of GNU Emacs | |
2446 called Demacs. To get Demacs see question 122. | |
2447 | |
2448 From the announcement message: | |
2449 | |
2450 Demacs is almost a full set of GNU Emacs but does not support some | |
2451 features: asynchronous process, locking a file, etc. | |
2452 | |
2453 Demacs provides following DOS specific features: | |
2454 | |
2455 * File type: text or binary file translation. | |
2456 * "8-bit clean" display mode. | |
2457 * 8086 software interrupt call by int86 lisp function. | |
2458 * Machine specific features such as function key support. | |
2459 * File name completion with drive name. | |
2460 * Child process (suspend-emacs, call-process). | |
2461 * Enhanced dired mode which can work without 'ls.exe'. | |
2462 | |
2463 To our regret `shell-mode' does not work, but `compile' command works | |
2464 properly. | |
2465 | |
2466 Demacs was developed using an MS-DOS version of gcc called djgpp by | |
2467 D. J. Delorie <dj@ctron.com> which can compile and run large programs | |
2468 under MS-DOS, but not under MS Windows. Demacs was derived from Nemacs | |
2469 rather than straight from GNU Emacs. | |
597 | 2470 |
2471 There are a variety of other Emacses for MS-DOS including among them the | |
2472 following. | |
2473 | |
1736 | 2474 * Freemacs |
2475 | |
2476 Russ Nelson <nelson@sun.soe.clarkson.edu>, the author, describes | |
2477 Freemacs: | |
2478 | |
2479 * Freemacs is free, and it was designed from the start to be | |
2480 programmable. | |
2481 * Freemacs is the only IBM-PC editor that tries to be like GNU Emacs. | |
2482 * Freemacs can only edit files less than 64K in length. | |
2483 * Freemacs doesn't have undo. | |
2484 | |
2485 Carl Witty <cwitty@cs.stanford.edu> reviews Freemacs: | |
2486 | |
2487 Better is Freemacs, which follows the tradition of ITS and GNU Emacs | |
2488 by having an full, turing-complete extension language which is | |
2489 incompatible with everything else. In fact, it's even closer to ITS | |
2490 Emacs than GNU Emacs is, because Mint (Freemacs' extension language) | |
2491 is absolutely illegible without weeks of study, much like TECO. | |
2492 | |
2493 To get Freemacs see question 123. | |
2494 | |
2495 * MicroEmacs | |
2496 | |
2497 MicroEmacs is a descendant of Microemacs {originally by Dave Conroy?}. | |
2498 It is programmable in a BASIC-like language. Many of the keybindings | |
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2499 are different from GNU Emacs. The author is Daniel Lawrence - |
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2500 <dan@mdbs.uucp, mdbs!dan@ee.ecn.purdue.edu>. The latest version is 3.12 ! |
1736 | 2501 and it is available via anonymous FTP: |
2502 | |
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2503 /midas.mgmt.purdue.edu:dist/uemacs312/ (outside business hours) ! |
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2504 ! |
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2505 Version 3.12 includes Windows and Windows NT versions and a DOS ! |
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2506 protected mode (DMPI) version. ! |
1736 | 2507 |
2508 * JOVE | |
2509 | |
2510 Another Emacs for small machines is JOVE (Jonathan's Own Version of | |
2511 Emacs). The latest official version is 4.14. There appears to be a | |
2512 newer version. People rumored to be working on JOVE include Mark Moraes | |
2513 <moraes@cs.toronto.edu> and Bill Marsh <bmarsh@cod.nosc.mil>. It is | |
2514 available via anonymous FTP: | |
2515 | |
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2516 /cs.toronto.edu:/pub/moraes/jove4.14.7.tar.Z |
1736 | 2517 |
2518 * MG | |
2519 | |
2520 MG is another descendant of Microemacs. MG used to stand for | |
2521 MicroGNUEmacs, but now just stands for MG. The look-and-feel of MG is | |
2522 intended to be close to that of GNU Emacs. It is rumored that MG can | |
2523 not correctly edit files larger than memory. The current version is | |
2524 rumored to be 2. There is a version 3 in beta which works on the Amiga. | |
2525 It is also available via anonymous FTP: | |
2526 | |
2527 /ftp.white.toronto.edu:pub/mg/ | |
2528 /wuarchive.wustl.edu:/mirrors/unix-c/editors/ | |
2529 /procyon.cis.ksu.edu: (source and executable) | |
2530 | |
2531 97: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running Windows? | |
2532 | |
2533 I believe that no version of GNU Emacs runs under Windows. Pierre Perret | |
2534 <pap@myths.az05.bull.com> has ported MicroEMACS 3.11c to Windows. | |
597 | 2535 |
2536 Anonymous FTP: | |
1736 | 2537 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewin10.zip |
2538 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewin10s.zip | |
2539 /ftp.cica.indiana.edu:pub/pc/win3/util/mewri.zip | |
2540 | |
2541 98: Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
2542 | |
2543 From the OS/2 Programmer's FAQ: | |
2544 | |
2545 GNU Emacs 18.58 is available. It requires you to have EMX installed | |
2546 on your machine, but it comes with all the EMX files you will need. | |
2547 Emacs is available on ftp-os2 in /pub/os2/2.0/gnu/emacs. (If you want | |
2548 to recompile emacs, you will need the full EMX distribution see | |
2549 question 1.2.) | |
2550 | |
2551 The above quote may be out of date. See the latest OS/2 Programmer's FAQ | |
2552 {perhaps in comp.os.os2.misc?} for the latest news. Anonymous FTP info: | |
2553 | |
2554 /ftp-os2.nmsu.edu:pub/os2/2.0/gnu/emacs/ | |
2555 ("ftp-os2" was formerly named "hobbes") | |
2556 | |
2557 Thanks go to Stephen Simpson <simpson@symcom.math.uiuc.edu>, Jonathan | |
2558 Miller <jem+@andrew.cmu.edu>, Terry Kane <terryk@cc.gatech.edu>, J. D. | |
2559 Baldwin <baldwin@csservera.usna.navy.mil>, and Ken Bass | |
2560 <kbass@gmuvax2.gmu.edu>. | |
2561 | |
2562 99: Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
2563 | |
2564 Emacs 18.57 is the latest version for TOS. Stefan Mueller-Pfeiffer | |
2565 <iff327@zam001.zam.kfa-juelich.de> says: | |
2566 | |
2567 There is also a version for MiNT, the multitasking enhancement for | |
2568 ATARI's TOS, which behaves almost like EMACS on a "real computer". This | |
2569 port was done by Erling Henanger <erlingh@idt.unit.no>. | |
2570 | |
2571 Anonymous FTP: | |
2572 /atari.archive.umich.edu:atari/gnustuff/tos/ (TOS Emacs 18.57) | |
2573 /atari.archive.umich.edu:atari/new/mntemacs.zoo (MiNT Emacs) | |
2574 /cs.uni-sb.de:/pub/atari/emacs/ | |
2575 | |
2576 100: Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
597 | 2577 |
2578 All of the files are lharc-ed. | |
2579 | |
2580 Anonymous FTP: | |
1736 | 2581 /oes.orst.edu:/pub/almanac/comp/amiga/software/gnuemacs-1.10/ |
597 | 2582 |
2583 Via e-mail: | |
1736 | 2584 To: almanac@oes.orst.edu |
597 | 2585 body: |
2586 mode uuencode | |
2587 send computer amiga software gnuemacs <file> | |
2588 <file> is replaced by one of the following: | |
2589 Required: d1.lzh d2.lzh | |
2590 Recommended: d3_info.lzh d3_infolisp.lzh | |
2591 Optional: d3_autoloaded.lzh d3_entertainmentetc.lzh | |
1736 | 2592 d3_entertainmentlisp.lzh d4_src.lzh d5_languagelisp.lzh |
2593 d5_viclone.lzh d6_gnulibsrc.lzh d6_mailpackage.lzh | |
2594 d6_mathpackage.lzh d6_misc.lzh d6_textformat.lzh | |
597 | 2595 The `d#' at the beginning of each file is its disk number, which is |
2596 referred to by the documentation. | |
2597 | |
1736 | 2598 101: Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? |
597 | 2599 |
2600 The FSF is a participant in a boycott of Apple because of Apple's "look | |
2601 and feel" copyright suits. See the file etc/APPLE for more details. | |
2602 Because of this boycott, the FSF doesn't include support in GNU software | |
2603 for Apple computers such as the Macintosh. | |
2604 | |
2605 Please don't help people port or develop software for Apple computers. | |
2606 | |
1736 | 2607 102: Where can I get Emacs with NeWS support? |
2608 | |
2609 Chris Maio's NeWS support package for GNU Emacs is available via anonymous | |
2610 FTP: | |
2611 | |
2612 /columbia.edu:pub/ps-emacs.tar.Z | |
2613 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/ps-emacs.tar.Z | |
2614 | |
2615 and via e-mail: | |
2616 | |
2617 To: archive-server@columbia.edu | |
2618 body: send NeWS emacs-support | |
2619 | |
2620 103: Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
597 | 2621 |
2622 Hal R. Brand <BRAND@addvax.llnl.gov> is said to have a VMS save set with a | |
2623 ready-to-run VMS version of Emacs 18.55 for X Windows. It is available | |
1736 | 2624 via anonymous FTP (addvax.llnl.gov). It is possible that the VMS versions |
2625 of Emacs at other sites have X support compiled in. See etc/FTP for | |
2626 locations. | |
597 | 2627 |
2628 Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> writes: | |
2629 | |
2630 Getting Emacs to run on VMS with DECwindows requires a number of changes | |
2631 to the sources. Fortunately this has been done already. Joshua Marantz | |
2632 <josh@viewlogic.com> did most of the work for Emacs 18.52, and the mods | |
2633 were ported to 18.55 by Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl>. Also included is the | |
2634 handling of DEC's LK201 keyboard. You need to apply the changes to a | |
2635 fresh Emacs 18.55 distribution on a Unix system, and then you can copy | |
2636 the sources to VMS to perform the compile/link/build. | |
2637 | |
2638 The set of changes have been posted a number of times three times the | |
2639 last 12 months, so they should be widely available. | |
2640 | |
1736 | 2641 Richard Levitte <levitte@e.kth.se> tells us that there are patches for |
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2642 Emacs 18.57, 18.58, and 18.59 available via e-mail: ! |
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2643 |
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2644 To: EMACS-FILESERV@e.kth.se ! |
1736 | 2645 body: SEND EMACS-1857-PATCHES |
2646 or: SEND EMACS-1858-PATCHES | |
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2647 or: SEND EMACS-1859-PATCHES + |
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2648 + |
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2649 or via anonymous ftp at: + |
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2650 + |
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2651 /lucy.merrimack.edu:emacs-1859-patches.share + |
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2652 + |
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2653 The set of patches weighs in at around 2.7 MB. + |
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2654 |
1736 | 2655 104: Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne Shell, Csh, C++, |
2656 Objective C, Pascal, Awk? | |
2657 | |
2658 As usual, look in the Lisp Code Directory (see question 88). For C++, | |
2659 if you use lisp-dir-apropos, you must specify the pattern like this: | |
2660 | |
2661 M-x lisp-dir-apropos RET c\+\+ RET | |
2662 | |
2663 105: What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
2664 | |
2665 If you are at a site with a deficient nameserver, you may need to know | |
2666 the IP address of a host to FTP files from it. You can get this | |
2667 information in two ways: | |
2668 | |
2669 * By telnet: | |
2670 | |
2671 telnet nic.ddn.mil hostnames (or `telnet 192.112.36.5 101') | |
2672 hname XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2673 | |
2674 * By e-mail: | |
2675 | |
2676 To: service@nic.ddn.mil | |
2677 Subject: host XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2678 or: whois XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2679 or: help | |
2680 | |
2681 or: | |
2682 | |
2683 To: resolve@cs.widener.edu | |
2684 body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
2685 | |
2686 Information from Brendan Kehoe <brendan@cs.widener.edu>. | |
134 | 2687 |
2688 | |
2689 | |
1736 | 2690 |
2691 Major Emacs Lisp Packages, Emacs Extensions, and Related Programs | |
134 | 2692 |
1736 | 2693 This section lists version numbers, FTP sites, mailing lists, newsgroups, |
2694 and other information for many important packages, extensions, and related | |
2695 programs. There is some overlap with the Lisp Code Directory, but these | |
2696 entries give more detailed information. | |
2697 | |
2698 If you know of any other packages that are so substantial that they | |
2699 deserve to be mentioned here, please tell me. Having its own mailing list | |
2700 or newsgroup or more than half a megabyte of source code are good signs. | |
2701 | |
2702 106: VM (View Mail) -- another mail reader within Emacs | |
2703 | |
2704 Author: Kyle Jones <kyle@uunet.uu.net> | |
2705 Latest released version: 4.41 | |
2706 Beta test version: 5.32 | |
2707 Anonymous FTP: | |
2708 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/vm-4.41.tar.Z | |
2709 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/as-is/timer.shar.Z | |
2710 /ftp.uu.net:mail/vm-4.41.tar.Z | |
2711 /ftp.uu.net:mail/vm-5.32beta.tar.Z | |
2712 Newsgroups and mailing lists: | |
2713 Info-VM: | |
2714 gnu.emacs.vm.info | |
2715 info-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) | |
2716 info-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
2717 Bug-VM: | |
2718 gnu.emacs.vm.bug | |
2719 bug-vm-request@uunet.uu.net (for subscriptions) | |
2720 bug-vm@uunet.uu.net (for submissions) | |
2721 | |
2722 107: Supercite -- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
2723 | |
2724 Author: Barry Warsaw <bwarsaw@cen.com> | |
2725 Mailing list: supercite-request@anthem.nlm.nih.gov (for subscriptions) | |
2726 supercite@anthem.nlm.nih.gov (for submissions) | |
2703
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2727 Latest version: 2.3 ! |
1736 | 2728 Anonymous FTP: |
2703
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2729 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/sc-2.3.tar.Z ! |
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2730 /ftp.cme.nist.gov:pub/gnu/sc2.3.tar.Z ! |
1736 | 2731 Via e-mail: |
2732 To: library@cme.nist.gov | |
2733 Subject: help | |
2734 NOTE: Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
2735 | |
2736 108: GNUS -- news reader within Emacs | |
2737 | |
2738 Author: Masanobu Umeda <umerin@mse.kyutech.ac.jp> | |
2739 Latest official version: 3.13 | |
2740 Unofficial test version: 3.14.1 | |
2741 Anonymous FTP: | |
2703
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2742 /aun.uninett.no:pub/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z - |
1736 | 2743 /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/GNU/etc/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z |
2744 /liasun3.epfl.ch:pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2745 /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:/pub/gnu/emacs/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2746 /funet.fi:/networking/news/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2747 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:/gnu/EmacsBits/gnus/gnus-3.14.1.tar.Z | |
2748 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/gnus-3.13.tar.Z | |
2749 Newsgroups and mailing lists: | |
2750 English-only: | |
2751 gnu.emacs.gnus | |
2752 info-gnus-english-request@cis.ohio-state.edu (for subscriptions) | |
2753 info-gnus-english@cis.ohio-state.edu (for submissions) | |
2754 Japanese (and some English): | |
2755 info-gnus-request@flab.fujitsu.co.jp (for subscriptions) | |
2756 info-gnus@flab.fujitsu.co.jp (for submissions) | |
2757 | |
2758 109: Calc -- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
2759 | |
2760 Author: Dave Gillespie <daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu> | |
2761 Latest released version: 2.02 | |
2762 Anonymous FTP: | |
2763 /csvax.cs.caltech.edu:pub/calc-2.02.tar.Z | |
2764 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/calc-2.02.tar.Z | |
2765 NOTE: Unlike Wolfram Research, Dave has never threatened to sue anyone | |
2766 for having a program with a similar command language to Calc. :-) | |
2767 | |
2768 110: Calendar/Diary -- calendar manager within Emacs | |
2769 | |
2770 Author: Edward M. Reingold <reingold@cs.uiuc.edu> | |
2771 Latest version: 4.02 | |
2772 Anonymous FTP: | |
2773 /emr.cs.uiuc.edu:pub/emacs/calendar {???} | |
2774 Via e-mail: | |
2775 To: reingold@cs.uiuc.edu | |
2776 Subject: send-emacs-cal | |
2777 Put your best internet e-mail address in the body. | |
2778 | |
2779 111: Ange-FTP -- transparent FTP access for Emacs's file access routines | |
2780 | |
2781 Author: Andy Norman <ange@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
2782 Latest official version: 4.20 | |
2783 Anonymous FTP: | |
2784 /alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu:ange-ftp/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
2785 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
2703
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2786 /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/emacs-lisp/ange-ftp.tar.Z |
1736 | 2787 Mailing lists: |
2788 ange-ftp-lovers-request@anorman.hpl.hp.com (for subscriptions) | |
2789 Ange-FTP Lovers: | |
2790 ange-ftp-lovers@anorman.hpl.hp.com (for submissions) | |
2791 /ftp.reed.edu:pub/mailing-lists/ange-ftp/ (archives) | |
2792 Ange-FTP Announcements: | |
2793 ange-ftp-lovers-announce@anorman.hpl.hp.com | |
2794 NOTE: now with support for accessing VMS, CMS, and MTS systems | |
2795 | |
2796 112: VIP -- vi emulation for Emacs | |
2797 | |
2798 Author: Aamod Sane <sane@cs.uiuc.edu> | |
2799 Latest released version: 4.3 | |
2800 Anonymous FTP: | |
2801 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/vip4.3.tar.Z | |
2802 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z | |
2803 NOTE: This version much more closely emulates vi than the one | |
2804 distributed with Emacs. | |
2805 | |
2806 113: Dired -- better directory editor for Emacs | |
2807 | |
2808 Author: Sebastian Kremer <sk@thp.uni-koeln.de> | |
2809 Latest released version: 5.239 | |
2810 Anonymous FTP: /ftp.cs.buffalo.edu:pub/Emacs/diredall.tar.Z | |
2811 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:pub/gnu/emacs/diredall.tar.Z | |
2812 NOTE: This is a huge improvement over the Dired distributed with Emacs. | |
2813 This version will be in Emacs 19. | |
2814 | |
2815 114: AUC TeX -- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
2816 | |
2817 Author: Kresten Krab Thorup <krab@iesd.auc.dk> | |
2818 Latest released version: 6.1 {???} | |
2819 Anonymous FTP: | |
2703
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2820 /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex_6_1d.tar.Z |
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2821 /iesd.auc.dk:pub/emacs-lisp/auctex.tar.Z |
1736 | 2822 Mailing list: |
2823 auc-tex-request@iesd.auc.dk (for subscriptions) | |
2824 auc-tex@iesd.auc.dk (for submissions) | |
2825 auc-tex_mgr@iesd.auc.dk (auc-tex development team) | |
2826 | |
2827 115: Hyperbole -- extensible hypertext management system within Emacs | |
2828 | |
2829 Author: Bob Weiner <rsw@cs.brown.edu> | |
2830 Anonymous FTP: | |
2831 /wilma.cs.brown.edu:pub/hyperbole/ h*.tar.Z | |
2832 Mailing lists: | |
2833 hyperbole-announce -- Hyperbole release announcements only. | |
2834 Subscriptions: | |
2835 To: hyperbole-request@cs.brown.edu | |
2836 Subject: Add <mailbox@domain.name> to hyperbole-announce | |
2837 hyperbole -- Hyperbole discussion. | |
2838 Subscriptions: | |
2839 To: hyperbole-request@cs.brown.edu | |
2840 Subject: Add <mailbox@domain.name> to hyperbole | |
2841 Submissions: | |
2842 hyperbole@cs.brown.edu | |
2843 NOTE: Any member of the hyperbole mailing list is automatically a | |
2844 member of the hyperbole-announce mailing list. | |
2845 NOTE: No .UUCP or ! addresses are allowed on these mailing lists. | |
2846 | |
2847 116: Byte Compiler -- enhanced version of Emacs's byte compiler | |
2848 | |
2849 Author: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com>, | |
2850 Hallvard B. Furuseth <hallvard@ifi.uio.no> | |
2851 Anonymous FTP: | |
2852 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
2853 /ftp.uu.net:languages/elisp/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
2854 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/EmacsBits/elisp-archive/packages/bytecomp.tar.Z | |
2855 | |
2856 117: comint -- hugely enhanced shell mode and other derived modes | |
2857 | |
2858 Author: Olin Shivers <Olin.Shivers@cs.cmu.edu> | |
2859 Anonymous FTP: | |
2860 /cs.cmu.edu:/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/shivers/lib/emacs/ | |
2861 {comint,cmu{tex,shell,scheme,lisp},ml}.el | |
2862 (anonymous password must contain `@', | |
2863 cannot cd to intermediate directories) | |
2864 | |
2865 118: BBDB -- personal info rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
2866 | |
2867 Author: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com> | |
2868 Latest released version: 1.47 | |
2869 Anonymous FTP: | |
2870 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/packages/bbdb.tar.Z | |
2871 Mailing list: | |
2872 info-bbdb-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) | |
2873 info-bbdb@lucid.com | |
2874 bbdb-announce-request@lucid.com (to be informed of new releases) | |
2875 Note: BBDB does not work with VM 4. It does work with VM 5, RMAIL, GNUS, | |
2876 and MH-E. | |
2877 | |
2878 119: Ispell -- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
2879 | |
2880 Author: Geoff Kuenning <geoff@itcorp.com> | |
2881 Latest released version: 2.0.02 | |
2882 Beta test version: 3.0 (9 patches) | |
2883 Anonymous FTP: | |
2884 /archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:/pub/gnu/ispell/ (version 2.0.02) | |
2885 /ftp.cs.ucla.edu:/pub/ispell/ (version 3.0, patches, dictionaries) | |
2886 /argus.math.orst.edu:pub/ispell/ (version 3.0, patches, dictionaries) | |
2887 /ftp.th-darmstadt.de:pub/dicts/ispell/ (mirror of argus) | |
2888 NOTE: Do not send mail to Geoff asking him to send you the latest | |
2889 version of Ispell. He does not have free e-mail. | |
2890 | |
2891 120: Epoch -- enhanced GNU Emacs with better X interface | |
2892 | |
2893 Latest released version: 4.2 | |
2894 Anonymous FTP: | |
2895 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-4.2.tar.Z | |
2896 /cs.uiuc.edu:pub/epoch-files/epoch/epoch-diff-4.1-4.2.tar.Z | |
2897 /src.doc.ic.ac.uk:gnu/epoch/ | |
2898 /aix370.rrz.uni-koeln.de:gnu/emacs/epoch/ | |
2899 Newsgroup and mailing lists: | |
2900 Epoch: | |
2901 gnu.emacs.epoch | |
2902 epoch-request@cs.uiuc.edu (for subscriptions) | |
2903 epoch@cs.uiuc.edu (for submissions) | |
2904 Epoch-Design: | |
2905 epoch-design-request@cs.uiuc.edu (for subscriptions) | |
2906 epoch-design@cs.uiuc.edu (for submissions) | |
2907 FAQ list: | |
2908 Maintainer: Marc Andreessen <marca@ncsa.uiuc.edu> | |
2909 Anonymous FTP: | |
2910 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/epoch-faq | |
2911 /ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu:outgoing/marca/epoch/Epoch.FAQ | |
2912 | |
2913 121: Lucid GNU Emacs -- alternative Emacs 19 with better X interface | |
2914 | |
2915 Primary Maintainer: Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com> | |
2916 Other Developers: Eric Benson <eb@lucid.com> | |
2917 Matthieu Devin <devin@lucid.com> | |
2918 Harlan Sexton <hbs@lucid.com> | |
2703
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2919 Latest released version: 19.6 ! |
1736 | 2920 Anonymous FTP: |
2703
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|
2921 /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6.tar.Z (source) ! |
8ea617fb9603
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|
2922 /labrea.stanford.edu:pub/gnu/lucid/lemacs-19.6-sun4.tar.Z (Sun4binaries) ! |
1736 | 2923 Newsgroup and mailing lists: |
2924 Bugs: | |
2703
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|
2925 alt.lucid-emacs.bug + |
1736 | 2926 bug-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) |
2927 bug-lucid-emacs@lucid.com (for submissions) | |
2928 Help: | |
2703
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2929 alt.lucid-emacs.help + |
1736 | 2930 help-lucid-emacs-request@lucid.com (for subscriptions) |
2931 help-lucid-emacs@lucid.com (for submissions) | |
2932 | |
2933 122: Demacs -- GNU Emacs altered to run on MS-DOS on 386/486 machines | |
2934 | |
2935 Authors: Manabu Higashida <manabu@sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp> | |
2936 HIRANO Satoshi <hirano@tkl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp> | |
2937 Latest released version: 1.2.0 | |
2938 Anonymous FTP: | |
2939 /utsun.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp:GNU/demacs/ (nearest to U.S.A.) | |
2940 /ftp.sigmath.osaka-u.ac.jp:pub/Msdos/Demacs/ | |
2941 /wnoc-fuk.wide.ad.jp:pub/msdos/Demacs/ | |
2942 /ftp.3com.com:pub/gnu/msdos/demacs/ | |
2943 /mindseye.berkeley.edu:pub/kanji/demacs/ | |
2944 /ftp.hawaii.edu:pub/editors/demacs.tar.Z | |
2945 /ftp.math.ksu.edu:pub/pc/demacs/ | |
2946 /wsmr-simtel20.army.mil:pd1:<msdos.demacs> {ange-ftp syntax?} | |
2947 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:msdos/gnuprogs/dem120e.zip (executables, lisp-code, doc) | |
2948 (PLEASE USE ONLY OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS!) | |
2949 /ftp.uni-koeln.de:msdos/gnuprogs/dem120s.zip (sources, diffs) | |
2950 (PLEASE USE ONLY OUTSIDE WORKING HOURS!) | |
2951 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/msdos/gnu/emacs/ | |
2952 /mizar.docs.uu.se:pub/gnu/demacs/ | |
2953 /iamsun.unibe.ch:PC/demacs/ | |
2954 /flop.informatik.tu-muenchen.de:outgoing/demacs.tar | |
2955 /ftp.funet.fi:pub/gnu/emacs/demacs/ | |
2956 /garbo.uwasa.fi:pc/editor/dem120e.zip | |
2957 /garbo.uwasa.fi:pc/editor/dem120s.zip | |
2958 /ftp.win.tue.nl:pub/gnu/demacs/ | |
2959 /ugle.unit.no:pub/gnu/Demacs/ | |
2960 {Does anyone know which sites have the Kanji version?} | |
2961 Via e-mail: | |
2962 From garbo.uwasa.fi: | |
2963 To: mailserv@garbo.uwasa.fi | |
2964 Subject: garbo-request | |
2965 Body: send pc/editor/dem120e.zip | |
2966 send pc/editor/dem120s.zip | |
2967 quit | |
2968 Downloading: | |
2969 EXEC-PC (Milwaukee, WI) 414-789-4210 (2400 bps) | |
2970 in the Mahoney MS-DOS file area in its Editors/wordprocessors | |
2971 library (F), named GNUEMACS.ZIP | |
2972 Channel 1 (Cambridge, MA) 617-345-8873 (9600 bps) | |
2973 in the New Uploads file area, named GNUEMACS.ZIP | |
2974 NOTE: Use the -d option of [pk]unzip for all .zip archives. Some sites | |
2975 have Demacs lharc'ed. If you need to find programs to unpack lharc and | |
2976 zip format archives, Chris Dean <ctdean@talaris.com> points out that you | |
2977 should see the comp.compression FAQ, available for FTP: | |
2978 /rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/comp.compression/ | |
2979 Mailing list: | |
2980 NOTE: There is no mailing list for Demacs. However, there is a list | |
2981 for DJGPP, which is the environment that Demacs runs in. Many | |
2982 Demacs problems are actually issues with DJGPP. | |
2983 DJGPP: | |
2984 Subscriptions: | |
2985 To: listserv@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
2986 body: add <your-address> djgpp | |
2987 or put `help' in the body. | |
2988 If this fails, mail to djgpp-request@sun.soe.clarkson.edu. | |
2989 Submissions: | |
2990 djgpp@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
2991 FAQ list: | |
2992 Maintainer: Dave Steibel <steibel@cs.umbc.edu> | |
2993 Anonymous FTP: algol.cs.umbc.edu:pub/demacs/demacs.faq | |
2994 | |
2995 123: Freemacs -- a small Emacs for MS-DOS | |
2996 | |
2997 Author: Russ Nelson <nelson@sun.soe.clarkson.edu> | |
2998 Latest released version: 1.6a | |
2999 Anonymous FTP: | |
3000 /simtel20.army.mil:PD:<MSDOS.FREEMACS> {ange-ftp syntax?} | |
3001 /grape.ecs.clarkson.edu:pub/msdos/freemacs/ | |
3002 Via e-mail: | |
3003 To: archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3004 body: help | |
3005 Via snail mail: | |
3006 address: Russell Nelson, 11 Grant St., Potsdam, NY 13676 | |
3007 Send $15 copying fee, and specify preferred floppy disk format: | |
3008 5.25", 360K, or 3.50", 720K | |
3009 Mailing lists: | |
3010 Subscriptions: | |
3011 To: listserv@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3012 body: add <your-address> <name-of-list> | |
3013 or put `help' in the body. | |
3014 List distribution addresses: | |
3015 freemacs-announce@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3016 freemacs-help@sun.soe.clarkson.edu | |
3017 freemacs-workers@sun.soe.clarkson.edu (send bug reports here) | |
3018 | |
3019 124: Patch -- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
3020 | |
3021 Author: Larry Wall <lwall@netlabs.com> | |
3022 Latest version: 2.0 patchlevel 12u8 | |
3023 (This is the version that supports the new unified diff format.) | |
3024 Anonymous FTP: | |
3025 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12u8.tar.Z | |
3026 /prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/patch-2.0.12g8.tar.Z (GNU version) | |
3027 | |
3028 | |
3029 | |
3030 GNU Emacs FAQ: Keybindings/Output | |
3031 | |
3032 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
3033 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
3034 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
3035 | |
3036 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
3037 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
3038 | |
3039 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
3040 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
3041 deletions occurred. | |
3042 | |
3043 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
3044 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
3045 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
3046 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
3047 | |
3048 | |
3049 | |
3050 Changing Key Bindings and Handling Key Binding Problems | |
3051 | |
3052 125: How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
3053 | |
3054 1. Find out what character sequence is generated by the keystroke sequence | |
3055 you wish to bind to a command. See question 129 for how to do this. | |
3056 Keep in mind that the character sequences generated by a keystroke | |
3057 sequence varies from one terminal to another. You may also get | |
3058 different results depending on what type of machine you are running on | |
3059 (see question 128). For example, these keystrokes may generate these | |
3060 character sequences: | |
3061 | |
3062 F1 ---> ESC [ 2 2 4 z | |
3063 Shift-R10 ---> ESC O t | |
3064 L7 ---> ESC [ 3 1 ~ | |
3065 Remove ---> C-@ | |
3066 | |
3067 2. Figure out what the Emacs Lisp syntax is for this character sequence. | |
3068 Inside an Emacs Lisp string, RET, LFD, DEL, ESC, SPC, and TAB are | |
3069 specified with `\r', `\n', `\C-?', `\e', ` ', and `\t'. C-x is | |
3070 specified by `\C-x'. M-x is specified the same was as "ESC x". | |
3071 (Control characters may also be specified as themselves, but I don't | |
3072 recommend it.) An Emacs Lisp string begins and ends with the double | |
3073 quote character, `"'. Here are some examples: | |
3074 | |
3075 ESC [ D ---> "\e[D" | |
3076 ESC [ 2 2 7 z ---> "\e[227z" | |
3077 ESC [ 1 8 ~ ---> "\e[18~" | |
3078 C-M-r ---> "\e\C-r" | |
3079 | |
3080 3. If some prefix of the character sequence is already bound, you must | |
3081 unbind it by binding it to `nil'. For example: | |
3082 | |
3083 (global-set-key "\e[" nil) | |
3084 | |
3085 4. Pick a command to bind your key sequence to. A command can be a | |
3086 "symbol" with a function definition, or a "lambda list", or a string | |
3087 (which is treated as a macro). For example: | |
3088 | |
3089 (global-set-key "\e[D" 'backward-char) | |
3090 (global-set-key "\e[227~" "\exgoto-line\r") ; macro | |
3091 | |
3092 See `Key Bindings' and `Rebinding' in the online manual. | |
3093 | |
3094 In Emacs 19 (including Lucid Emacs), you can bind function key F24 like | |
3095 this: | |
3096 | |
3097 (global-set-key 'f24 'some-command) | |
3098 | |
3099 126: Why does Emacs say `Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters'? | |
3100 | |
3101 A prefix of the character sequence you were trying to bind was already | |
3102 bound. Usually, the sequence is "ESC [", in which case you should | |
3103 evaluate this form first: | |
134 | 3104 |
3105 (define-key esc-map "[" nil) | |
3106 | |
1736 | 3107 NOTE: By default, "ESC [" is bound to backward-paragraph, and if you do |
597 | 3108 this you will lose this key binding. For most people, this is not a |
3109 problem. | |
3110 | |
1736 | 3111 See question 125. |
3112 | |
3113 127: Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my | |
134 | 3114 .emacs file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? |
3115 | |
3116 This is because you're trying to do something in your .emacs file that | |
3117 needs to be postponed until after the terminal/window-system setup code | |
3118 is loaded. This is a result of the order in which things are done | |
1736 | 3119 during the startup of Emacs. For more details see question 135. |
134 | 3120 |
3121 In order to postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after the | |
3122 terminal/window-system setup, set the value of the variable | |
3123 term-setup-hook or window-setup-hook to be a function which does what | |
3124 you want. | |
3125 | |
597 | 3126 See etc/OPTIONS for a complete explanation of what Emacs does every time |
3127 it is started. | |
134 | 3128 |
3129 Here is a simple example of how to set term-setup-hook: | |
3130 | |
3131 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3132 (function | |
3133 (lambda () | |
597 | 3134 (cond ((string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
3135 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: | |
3136 (define-key CSI-map "29~" 'execute-extended-command)) | |
3137 )))) | |
3138 | |
1736 | 3139 128: How do I use function keys under X Windows? |
597 | 3140 |
3141 This depends on whether you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator | |
3142 window, or whether you are allowing Emacs to create its own X window. | |
3143 You can tell which you are doing by noticing whether Emacs creates a new | |
3144 window when you start it. | |
3145 | |
3146 If you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator window, then it | |
3147 behaves exactly as it does on any other tty. In this case, for function | |
3148 keys to be useful, they must generate character sequences that are sent | |
1736 | 3149 to the programs running inside the window as input. The `xterm' program |
597 | 3150 has two different sets of character sequences that it generates when |
3151 function keys are pressed, depending on the sunFunctionKeys X resource | |
3152 and the -sf and +sf command line options. (To find out what these key | |
1736 | 3153 sequences are, see question 129.) In addition, with xterm, |
597 | 3154 you can override what key sequence a specific function key (or any other |
1736 | 3155 key) will generate with the `translations' resource. This, for example: |
597 | 3156 |
3157 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
3158 <KeyPress>F1: string(0x1b) string("[xyzzy") | |
3159 | |
3160 makes the function key F1 generate the character sequence "ESC [xyzzy". | |
3161 | |
3162 On the other hand, if Emacs is managing its own X window, the following | |
3163 description applies. Emacs receives `KeyPress' events from the X server | |
3164 when a key is pressed while the keyboard focus is in its window. The | |
1736 | 3165 KeyPress event contains an X "keysym" code, which is simply an arbitrary |
597 | 3166 number corresponding to the name of the keysym, and information on which |
3167 "modifiers" such as `control' and `shift' are active. For example, the | |
3168 `Tab' keysym is 0xff09. (Generally, a key on the keyboard will generate a | |
3169 keysym whose name is the same as the label on the key, ie. the `Tab' key | |
3170 will normally generate the `Tab' keysym. This can be changed with the | |
3171 xmodmap program.) Emacs recognizes all the keysyms that correspond to | |
3172 standard ASCII characters and internally uses the ASCII character instead. | |
3173 | |
3174 (WARNING: I am about to describe a gross, disgusting hack to you, have | |
3175 your barf bag ready.) | |
3176 | |
3177 When Emacs receives the X keysym of one of the arrow keys, it behaves | |
3178 the same as if it had received a letter key with the control modifier | |
3179 down as follows (this is hard-coded): | |
3180 | |
3181 Up becomes C-p | |
3182 Down becomes C-n | |
3183 Right becomes C-f | |
3184 Left becomes C-b | |
3185 | |
3186 The way Emacs treats other keysyms depends on what kind of machine it was | |
1736 | 3187 compiled on. The type of the display machine is irrelevant! Function |
597 | 3188 keys are mapped internally to escape sequences, while other keys are |
3189 completely ignored. | |
3190 | |
3191 1. If compiled on a Sun, Emacs recognizes these X keysyms that | |
3192 are normally on a Sun keyboard: | |
3193 | |
3194 F1 through F9 | |
3195 L1 through L10 (same as F11 through F20) | |
3196 R1 through R15 (same as F21 through F35) | |
1736 | 3197 (The keys labelled R8, R10, R12, and R14 usually are mapped to the |
597 | 3198 X keysyms Up, Left, Right, and Down.) |
1736 | 3199 Break (the `Alternate' key is given this keysym) |
597 | 3200 |
3591
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
2703
diff
changeset
|
3201 These keys work like Sun function keys. When Emacs receives the |
597 | 3202 keysym, it will internally use character sequences that look like "ESC |
3203 [ ### z", where ### is replaced by a number. The character sequences | |
3204 are identical to those generated by Sun's keyboard under SunView. Any | |
3205 function key not listed above generates "ESC [ - 1 z". | |
3206 | |
3207 In order to use these key sequences, they should be bound to commands | |
3208 using the standard key binding methods, just as if Emacs were running | |
3209 on a regular terminal. | |
3210 | |
3211 WARNING: F11 and L1 are the same keysym in X, as are F12 and L2, etc. | |
3212 {Yes, this is stupid. Complain to the X consortium.} | |
3213 | |
3214 2. If not compiled on a Sun, the function keys will appear to Emacs in a | |
3215 way remarkably similar to the keys of a DEC LK201 keyboard (used on | |
3216 some VT series terminals). These X keysyms will be recognized: | |
3217 | |
3218 F1 through F20 | |
3219 Help (treated same as F15) | |
1736 | 3220 Menu (treated same as F16, is the LK201 `Do' key) |
597 | 3221 Find |
1736 | 3222 Insert (LK201 `Insert Here' key) |
597 | 3223 Select |
1736 | 3224 Prior (LK201 `Prev Screen' key *** ONLY IN 18.58 AND LATER ***) |
3225 Next (LK201 `Next Screen' key *** ONLY IN 18.58 AND LATER ***) | |
3226 | |
3227 And finally, the LK201 key labelled `Remove' (or `Delete') is often | |
3228 mapped to the Delete keysym which generates the DEL character (C-?) | |
3229 instead of the key sequence given by the LK201 `Remove' key. It may | |
3230 also be mapped to some other keysym, such as `_Remove', in which case | |
3231 you can't use it from within Emacs at all. | |
597 | 3232 |
3233 Each function key will be internally converted to a character sequence | |
3234 that looks like "ESC [ ## ~", where ## is replaced by a number. The | |
3235 character sequences are identical to those generated by a LK201 | |
3236 keyboard. Any function key not listed above generates "ESC [ - 1 ~". | |
134 | 3237 |
3238 For the complete list of the numbers which are generated by the function | |
597 | 3239 keys, look in the file src/x11term.c at the definitions of the function |
1736 | 3240 stringFuncVal. |
597 | 3241 |
3242 If you are running Emacs on a Sun machine, even if your X display is | |
3243 running on a non-Sun machine (eg., an X terminal), you get the setup | |
3244 described above for Suns. The determining factor is what type of | |
3245 machine Emacs is running (was compiled) on, not what type of machine | |
3246 your X display is on. | |
3247 | |
1736 | 3248 If you have function keys not listed above on your keyboard, you can use |
3249 `xmodmap' to change their keysym assignments to get keys that Emacs will | |
3250 recognize, but that may screw up other programs. | |
597 | 3251 |
3252 X resources are not used by Emacs to affect the key sequences generated. | |
1736 | 3253 In particular, there are no X key "translations" for Emacs. |
597 | 3254 |
3255 If you have function keys not listed above and you don't want to use | |
3256 xmodmap to change their names, you might want to make a modification to | |
1736 | 3257 your Emacs. Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> has made available a patch for Emacs |
3258 that adds the x-rebind-key function of Epoch to Emacs 18.58. This allows | |
3259 another layer of key rebinding before Emacs even sees the keys, and in | |
3260 this layer you can rebind all of the keys and modifier combinations as | |
3261 well. | |
3262 | |
3263 Anonymous FTP: | |
3264 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-Xfun.Z | |
3265 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:pub/tex/emacs/FP-Xfun | |
3266 | |
3267 Johan Vromans explains what this buys for you: | |
597 | 3268 |
3269 After implementing this, all keyboard keys can be configured to send | |
1736 | 3270 user definable sequences, eg., |
134 | 3271 |
3272 (x-rebind-key "KP_F1" 0 "\033OP") | |
3273 | |
597 | 3274 This will have the keypad key PF1 send the sequence "ESC O P", just like |
3275 an ordinary VT series terminal. | |
3276 | |
1736 | 3277 129: How do I tell what characters my function or arrow keys emit? |
134 | 3278 |
3279 Use this function by Randal L. Schwartz <merlyn@iwarp.intel.com>: | |
3280 | |
3281 (defun see-chars () | |
3282 "Displays characters typed, terminated by a 3-second timeout." | |
3283 (interactive) | |
3284 (let ((chars "") | |
3285 (inhibit-quit t)) | |
3286 (message "Enter characters, terminated by 3-second timeout.") | |
3287 (while (not (sit-for 3)) | |
3288 (setq chars (concat chars (list (read-char))) | |
3289 quit-flag nil)) ; quit-flag maybe set by C-g | |
3290 (message "Characters entered: %s" (key-description chars)))) | |
3291 | |
597 | 3292 Alternatively, use the "C-h l" view-lossage command, which will display |
1736 | 3293 the last 100 characters Emacs has seen in its input stream. Kevin |
3294 Gallagher <kgallagh@digi.lonestar.org> suggests typing some unique string | |
3295 like "wxyz", typing the key in question, then typing "C-h l". The | |
3296 characters that appear between "wxyz" and "C-h l" were generated by the | |
3297 key. | |
3298 | |
3299 130: How do I set the X key "translations" for Emacs? | |
3300 | |
3301 Sorry, you can't; there are no "translations" to be set. Emacs is not | |
3302 written using the Xt library. The only way to affect the behavior of keys | |
3303 within Emacs is through `xmodmap' (outside Emacs) or `define-key' (inside | |
3304 Emacs). | |
3305 | |
3306 131: How do I handle C-s and C-q being used for flow control? | |
3307 | |
3308 C-s and C-q are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. This screws | |
3309 up Emacs because it binds these characters to commands. Also, by default | |
3310 Emacs will not honor them as flow control characters and may overwhelm | |
3311 output buffers. Sometimes, intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow | |
3312 control will prevent Emacs from ever seeing C-s and C-q. | |
3313 | |
3314 Possible solutions: | |
3315 | |
3316 * Disable the use of C-s and C-q for flow control. | |
3317 | |
3318 You need to determine what is the cause of the flow control. | |
3319 | |
3320 * your terminal | |
3321 | |
3322 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
3323 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
3324 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
3325 example, on a VT220 you may select `No XOFF' in the setup menu. This | |
3326 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. | |
3327 | |
3328 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
3329 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
3330 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
3331 | |
3332 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
3333 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
3334 this problem by modifying the `termcap' entry for your terminal to | |
3335 include extra NUL padding characters. | |
3336 | |
3337 * a modem | |
3338 | |
3339 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using XON/XOFF | |
3340 flow control. I don't know how to get around this. | |
3341 | |
3342 * a router or terminal server | |
3343 | |
3344 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
3345 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
3346 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
3347 network experts for help with this. | |
3348 | |
3349 * tty and/or pty devices | |
3350 | |
3351 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple tty and/or pty | |
3352 devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it is not | |
3353 necessary. | |
3354 | |
3355 Eirik Fuller <eirik@theory.tn.cornell.edu> writes: | |
3356 | |
3357 Some versions of `rlogin' (and possibly telnet) do not pass flow | |
3358 control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On | |
3359 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control | |
3360 on the local system. Sometimes `rlogin -8' will avoid this problem. | |
3361 | |
3362 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host | |
3363 (the one running rlogin, not the one running rlogind) using the stty | |
3364 command, before starting the rlogin process. On many systems, `stty | |
3365 start u stop u' will do this. | |
3366 | |
3367 Some versions of `tcsh' will prevent even this from working. One | |
3368 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
3369 and issue the stty command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
3370 | |
3371 Use `stty -ixon' instead of `stty start u stop u' on some systems. | |
3372 | |
3373 * Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
3374 | |
3375 You can make Emacs treat C-s and C-q as flow control characters by | |
3376 evaluating this form: | |
3377 | |
3378 (set-input-mode nil t) | |
3379 | |
3380 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your .emacs | |
3381 file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the best place to | |
3382 put it is unclear. I don't know if this has any effect when used in | |
3383 lisp/site-init.el when building Emacs; I've never tried that. {Can | |
3384 someone tell me whether it works?} Putting things in users' .emacs files | |
3385 has a number of problems. | |
3386 | |
3387 Putting this form in lisp/default.el has the problem that if the user's | |
3388 .emacs file has an error, this will prevent lisp/default.el from being | |
3389 loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the user, even for correcting their | |
3390 .emacs file (unless they're smart enough to move it to another name). A | |
3391 possible solution is to initially disable C-s and C-q by setting | |
3392 keyboard-translate-table in lisp/site-init.el, either with swap-keys | |
3393 (see question 136) or with the following form: | |
3394 | |
3395 ;; by Roger Crew <crew@cs.stanford.edu>: | |
3396 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
3397 "\C-@\C-a\C-b\C-c\C-d\C-e\C-f\C-g\C-h\C-i\C-j\C-k\C-l\C-m\C-n\C-o\C-p\C-^\C-r\C-\\\C-t\C-u\C-v\C-w\C-x\C-y\C-z\C-[\C-s\C-]\C-q\C-_") | |
3398 | |
3399 This will at least prevent Emacs from being confused by the flow control | |
3400 characters, even if lisp/default.el cannot be loaded. Then, in | |
3401 lisp/default.el, enable XON/XOFF flow control with set-input-mode. | |
3402 | |
3403 For further discussion of this issue, read the file PROBLEMS in the | |
597 | 3404 Emacs distribution. |
3405 | |
1736 | 3406 132: How do I use commands bound to C-s and C-q (or any key) if these keys |
134 | 3407 are filtered out? |
3408 | |
3409 I suggest swapping C-s with C-\ and C-q with C-^: | |
3410 | |
3411 (swap-keys ?\C-s ?\C-\\) | |
3412 (swap-keys ?\C-q ?\C-^) | |
3413 | |
1736 | 3414 See question 136 for the implementation of swap-keys. This method |
3415 has the advantage that it simultaneously swaps the characters everywhere | |
3416 throughout Emacs, while just switching the keybindings will miss important | |
3417 places where the character codes are stored (eg., the search-repeat-char | |
3418 variable, major mode keymaps, etc.). | |
3419 | |
3420 To do this for an entire site, you may want to swap the keys in | |
3421 lisp/default.el. If only some of your users are connecting through | |
3422 XON/XOFF flow-controlled connections, you will want to do this | |
3423 conditionally. I suggest pre-swapping them in lisp/site-init.el when | |
3424 Emacs is built, and then in lisp/default.el, if it is determined to be | |
3425 safe, they can be reenabled (being careful not to screw up any other key | |
3426 mappings users might have established using keyboard-translate-table). | |
3427 See question 131 for an easy way to pre-swap these keys. | |
3428 | |
3429 WARNING: If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by | |
3430 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs actually | |
3431 behaves. | |
3432 | |
3433 133: Why does the `BackSpace' key invoke help? | |
3434 | |
3435 The BackSpace key (on every keyboard I've used) generates ASCII code 8. | |
3436 C-h sends the same code. In Emacs by default C-h invokes help-command. | |
3437 This is intended to be easy to remember since the first letter of "help" | |
3438 is "h". The easiest solution to this problem is to use C-h (and | |
3439 BackSpace) for help and DEL (the Delete key) for deleting the previous | |
3440 character. | |
3441 | |
3442 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
3443 | |
3444 * They normally use BackSpace outside of Emacs for deleting the previous | |
3445 character typed. This can be solved by making DEL be the command for | |
3446 deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. This command will do | |
3447 this on many Unix systems: | |
3448 | |
3449 stty erase '^?' | |
3450 | |
3451 * The person may prefer using the BackSpace key for deleting the previous | |
3452 character because it is more conveniently located on their keyboard or | |
3453 because they don't even have a separate Delete key. In this case, the | |
3454 BackSpace key should be made to behave like Delete. There are several | |
3455 methods. | |
3456 | |
3457 * Under X Windows, the easiest solution is to change the BackSpace key | |
3458 into a Delete key like this: | |
3459 | |
3460 xmodmap -e "keysym BackSpace = Delete" | |
3461 | |
3462 * Some terminals (eg., VT3## terminals) allow the character generated by | |
3463 the BackSpace key to be changed from a setup menu. | |
3464 | |
3465 * You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable. | |
3466 | |
3467 * Under X or on a dumb terminal, it is possible to swap the BackSpace | |
3468 and Delete keys inside Emacs: | |
3469 | |
3470 (swap-keys ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
3471 | |
3472 See question 136 for the implementation of swap-keys. | |
3473 | |
3474 * Another approach is to switch keybindings and put help on "C-x h" | |
3475 instead: | |
3476 | |
3477 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
3478 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) ; override mark-whole-buffer | |
3479 | |
3480 Other popular key bindings for help are M-? and "C-x ?". | |
3481 | |
3482 WARNING: Don't try to bind DEL to help-command, because there are many | |
3483 modes that have local bindings of DEL that will interfere. | |
3484 | |
3485 134: Why doesn't Emacs look at the stty settings for Backspace vs. Delete? | |
3486 | |
3487 Good question! | |
3488 | |
3489 135: Why don't the arrow keys work? | |
3490 | |
3491 When Emacs starts up, it doesn't know anything about arrow keys at all | |
3492 (except when running under X, see question 128). During the process of | |
3493 starting up, Emacs will load a terminal-specific initialization file for | |
3494 your terminal type (as determined by the environment variable TERM), if | |
3495 one exists. This file has the responsibility for enabling the arrow keys. | |
3496 | |
3497 There are several things that can go wrong: | |
3498 | |
3499 1. There is no initialization file for your terminal. | |
3500 | |
3501 You can determine this by looking in the lisp/term directory. If your | |
3502 terminal type (as determined by the TERM environment variable) is | |
3503 xxx-yy-z, then the first of these files in the lisp/term directory will | |
3504 be loaded as the terminal-specific initialization file: xxx-yy-z.el, | |
3505 xxx-yy.el, or xxx.el. | |
3506 | |
3507 There are two major cases of this problem: | |
3508 | |
3509 * Your terminal type is very similar to one that has an init file. | |
3510 | |
3511 In this case, there are several techniques suggested by Colin Jensen | |
3512 <cjensen@ampex.com>, Ben Liblit <Liblit@cs.psu.edu>, and Marc | |
3513 Auslander <marc@watson.ibm.com>: | |
3514 | |
3515 A. Add a symbolic link in lisp/term for your terminal type that | |
3516 points to the similar type. For example, you could make VT102 | |
3517 terminals work with this command: | |
3518 | |
3519 ln -s vt100.el vt102.el | |
3520 | |
3521 This fixes things for everyone on the system who uses the terminal | |
3522 type. | |
3523 | |
3524 B. If you can't do the solution in part A, you can add code to your | |
3525 term-setup-hook that loads the correct file like this: | |
3526 | |
3527 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3528 (function | |
3529 (lambda () | |
3530 (cond ((equal "vt102" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
3531 (load (concat term-file-prefix "vt100"))) | |
3532 (;; Code for other terminal types goes here ... | |
3533 ))))) | |
3534 | |
3535 C. If you use `tset' to set your TERM environment variable when you | |
3536 login, you can use the `-m' switch to tell tset to use a terminal | |
3537 type known by Emacs instead of another similar one. For example, | |
3538 specifying this: | |
3539 | |
3540 tset ... -m 'dec-vt220:vt220' ... | |
3541 | |
3542 will make tset say you are on a `vt220' instead of a `dec-vt220'. | |
3543 | |
3544 D. Interactively, you can type "M-x load-library RET term/vt100" to | |
3545 load the terminal-specific initialization files for VT100 | |
3546 terminals. | |
3547 | |
3548 * Your terminal type is not similar to one that has an init file. | |
3549 | |
3550 One can be made for your terminal, or you can just add code to your | |
3551 own .emacs to handle this problem for yourself. For example, if your | |
3552 terminal's arrow keys send these character sequences: | |
3553 | |
3554 Up: ESC [ A | |
3555 Down: ESC [ B | |
3556 Right: ESC [ C | |
3557 Left: ESC [ D | |
3558 | |
3559 then you can bind these keys to the appropriate commands with code in | |
3560 your .emacs like this: | |
3561 | |
3562 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3563 (function | |
3564 (lambda () | |
3565 (cond ((string-match "\\`xyzzy" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
3566 ;; First, must unmap the binding for left bracket | |
3567 (or (keymapp (lookup-key global-map "\e\[")) | |
3568 (define-key global-map "\e\[" nil)) | |
3569 ;; Enable terminal type xyzzy's arrow keys: | |
3570 (define-key global-map "\e\[A" 'previous-line) | |
3571 (define-key global-map "\e\[B" 'next-line) | |
3572 (define-key global-map "\e\[C" 'forward-char) | |
3573 (define-key global-map "\e\[D" 'backward-char)) | |
3574 ((string-match "\\`abcde" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) | |
3575 ;; Do something different for terminal type abcde | |
3576 ;; ..... | |
3577 ))))) | |
3578 | |
3579 NOTE: You may have to restart Emacs to get changes to take effect. | |
3580 | |
3581 NOTE: Your arrow keys may send sequences beginning with "ESC O" when | |
3582 Emacs is running, even if they send sequences beginning with "ESC [" at | |
3583 all other times. This is because Emacs uses any command there may be | |
3584 in your terminal's termcap entry for putting the terminal into | |
3585 "Application Keypad Mode". Just map these sequences the same way as | |
3586 above. | |
3587 | |
3588 The next two cases are problems even if there is a initialization file for | |
3589 your terminal type. | |
3590 | |
3591 2. The initialization file for your terminal doesn't bind arrow keys. | |
3592 | |
3593 If your terminal type is `xterm', you will have to bind the arrow keys | |
3594 as in part 1 above, since the xterm.el file doesn't do anything useful. | |
3595 There may be other terminal types with the same problem. | |
3596 | |
3597 3. Your terminal's arrow keys send individual control characters. | |
3598 | |
3599 For example, the arrow keys on an ADM-3 send C-h, C-j, C-k, and C-l. | |
3600 | |
3601 There is not much Emacs can do in this situation, since all the control | |
3602 characters except for C-^ and C-\ are already used as Emacs commands. | |
3603 It may be possible to convince the terminal to send something else when | |
3604 you press the arrow keys; it is worth investigating. | |
3605 | |
3606 You have to make the hard choices of how to rebind keys to commands to | |
3607 make things work the way you want. Another alternative is to start | |
3608 learning the standard Emacs keybindings for moving point around: C-b, | |
3609 C-f, C-p, and C-n. Personally, I no longer use the arrow keys when | |
3610 editing because I have switched keyboards so many times. | |
3611 | |
3612 4. Your terminal's arrow keys send sequences beginning with "ESC [". | |
3613 | |
3614 Due to an extremely poor design decision (ie., these sequences are ANSI | |
3615 standard), none of the the terminal-specific initialization files that | |
3616 are distributed with Emacs will bind these character sequences to the | |
3617 appropriate commands by default. (This also applies to any other | |
3618 function keys which generate character sequences starting with "ESC | |
3619 [".) This is because it was deemed far more important to preserve the | |
3620 binding of M-[ to the backward-paragraph command. It appears that this | |
3621 will change in Emacs 19. | |
3622 | |
3623 Some of the terminal-specific initialization files that come with Emacs | |
3624 provide a command enable-arrow-keys that will fix this problem. To get | |
3625 this automatically invoked, put this in your .emacs: | |
3626 | |
3627 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3628 (function | |
3629 (lambda () | |
3630 (if (fboundp 'enable-arrow-keys) (enable-arrow-keys))))) | |
3631 | |
3632 We put this in our lisp/default.el file, so users don't have to worry | |
3633 about it: | |
3634 | |
3635 ;; don't override a user's term-setup-hook | |
3636 (or term-setup-hook | |
3637 (setq term-setup-hook | |
3638 (function | |
3639 (lambda () | |
3640 (and (fboundp 'enable-arrow-keys) | |
3641 ;; don't override a user key mapping | |
3642 (eq 'backward-paragraph (lookup-key esc-map "[")) | |
3643 (enable-arrow-keys)))))) | |
3644 | |
3645 If your terminal type is `sun', you should put this in your .emacs | |
3646 instead (or in addition to the above): | |
3647 | |
3648 (setq sun-esc-bracket t) | |
3649 | |
3650 It is possible that the terminal-specific initialization file for your | |
3651 terminal type was written locally and does not follow the rule | |
3652 mentioned above. In this case you may need to inspect it to find out | |
3653 how to enable the arrow keys. (Actually, if it was written locally, it | |
3654 probably enables the arrow keys by default.) | |
3655 | |
3656 136: How do I "swap" two keys? | |
134 | 3657 |
3658 When Emacs receives a character, you can make Emacs behave as though it | |
3659 received another character by setting the value of | |
597 | 3660 keyboard-translate-table. The following Emacs Lisp will do this for you, |
3661 allowing you to "swap" keys. After arranging for this Lisp to be | |
3662 evaluated by Emacs, you can evaluate `(swap-keys ?A ?B)' to swap A and B. | |
134 | 3663 |
3664 (defun swap-keys (key1 key2) | |
3665 "Swap keys KEY1 and KEY2 using map-key." | |
597 | 3666 (map-key key1 key2) |
134 | 3667 (map-key key2 key1)) |
3668 | |
597 | 3669 (defun map-key (from to) |
3670 "Make key FROM behave as though key TO was typed instead." | |
3671 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
3672 (concat keyboard-translate-table | |
3673 (let* ((i (length keyboard-translate-table)) | |
3674 (j from) | |
3675 (k i) | |
3676 (str (make-string (max 0 (- j (1- i))) ?X))) | |
3677 (while (<= k j) | |
3678 (aset str (- k i) k) | |
3679 (setq k (1+ k))) | |
3680 str))) | |
3681 (aset keyboard-translate-table from to) | |
3682 (let ((i (1- (length keyboard-translate-table)))) | |
3683 (while (and (>= i 0) (eq (aref keyboard-translate-table i) i)) | |
3684 (setq i (1- i))) | |
3685 (setq keyboard-translate-table | |
3686 (if (eq i -1) | |
3687 nil | |
3688 (substring keyboard-translate-table 0 (1+ i)))))) | |
3689 | |
1736 | 3690 NOTE: You must evaluate the definition of these functions before calling |
3691 them! For example, list the function definitions before their use in your | |
3692 .emacs file. | |
3693 | |
3694 NOTE: These functions take two numbers as arguments. The example above, | |
3695 `(swap-keys ?A ?B)' is actually `(swap-keys 65 66)', because `?A' is | |
3696 merely notation for 65, the ASCII value of `A'. | |
3697 | |
3698 NOTE: These functions only work for single characters. You cannot swap | |
3699 two multi-character sequences. | |
3700 | |
3701 137: How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
3702 | |
3703 For C-@ and C-^, often you can just type Control-2 and Control-6. For | |
3704 C-_, you may have to hold down the shift key, typing Control-Shift-Hyphen. | |
3705 C-@ can often be generated by typing Control-Space. C-@ is often called | |
3706 the NUL character, and has ASCII value 0. C-_ can often be generated by | |
3707 typing Control-7 or Control-/. C-? (aka DEL) may be generated by typing | |
3708 Shift-BackSpace or Control-BackSpace or a key labelled Delete or Del. | |
3709 | |
3710 Try Control with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
3711 generated. | |
3712 | |
3713 138: What if I don't have a Meta key? | |
3714 | |
3715 Instead of typing M-a, you can type "ESC a" instead. In fact, Emacs | |
3716 converts M-a internally into "ESC a" anyway (depending on the value of | |
3717 meta-prefix-char). | |
3718 | |
3719 139: What if I don't have an Escape key? | |
3720 | |
3721 Type C-[ instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an Escape | |
3722 key would. Try also C-;. | |
3723 | |
3724 140: How do I type DEL on PC terminal emulators? | |
3725 | |
3726 Some IBM PC compatibles do not have a key labeled `Del' or `Delete' {is | |
3727 this true?}. Those that do generally have it in an inconvenient location. | |
3728 (Also, in some terminal emulators, the `Del' key does not transmit DEL.) | |
3729 The result is the standard "BackSpace invoking help" problem (see question | |
3730 133). | |
3731 | |
3732 The usual solution, suggested by Michael Covington | |
3733 <mcovingt@aisun1.ai.uga.edu>, is to somehow tell the terminal emulator | |
3734 program that BackSpace should transmit DEL. Read the program's manual. | |
3735 Shift-BackSpace or Control-BackSpace may send DEL. The `Del' key may only | |
3736 send DEL if the NumLock key hasn't been pressed. | |
3737 | |
3738 141: Can I make my `Compose Character' key behave like a Meta key? | |
597 | 3739 |
3740 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain VT220 | |
1736 | 3741 clones could have their Compose key configured this way. If you're using |
3742 X, you might be able to do this with the `xmodmap' program (this is | |
3743 what I do). | |
3744 | |
3745 142: How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
3746 | |
3747 Unless you're using Emacs under emacstool (or xvetool?), have a working | |
3748 version of x-rebind-key (see question 128), or are using Emacs 19 (Lucid | |
3749 Emacs), you can't do this with Emacs alone. | |
3750 | |
3751 If you are using emacstool, Emacs sees different character sequences for | |
3752 the combination of a modifier and a function key from what it sees for the | |
3753 function key alone. See etc/emacstool.1 for more information. Since | |
3754 Emacs sees different character sequences, you can bind these different | |
3755 sequences to different commands. | |
597 | 3756 |
3757 If you are running Emacs inside a terminal emulator window like xterm, you | |
3758 can modify its translation tables to make it generate different character | |
3759 sequences for the combination of a modifier and a function key. For | |
3760 example, this X resource setting: | |
3761 | |
3762 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
3763 Shift<KeyPress>F1: string(0x1b) string("[xyzzy") | |
3764 | |
3765 makes Shift-F1 generate the character sequence "ESC [ xyzzy". You can | |
1736 | 3766 bind these character sequences in Emacs as normal. Nick Ruprecht |
3767 <ruprecht@informatik.uni-freiburg.de> has written an extensive X | |
3768 translation mapping for xterm that does this. {Does this have an FTP | |
3769 site?} | |
3770 | |
3771 If you have x-rebind-key, you can have any arbitrary combination of | |
3772 modifiers with a key replaced by any sequence of "normal" characters. For | |
3773 example, this makes Shift-Return behave as though you had typed "C-x C-e" | |
3774 (example from Jerry Graves): | |
3775 | |
3776 (x-rebind-key "Return" 'shift "\C-x\C-e") | |
3777 | |
3778 In Emacs 19 (Lucid Emacs), you can bind Meta-Left-Arrow like this (example | |
3779 from Jamie Zawinski): | |
3780 | |
3781 (global-set-key '(meta left) 'backward-word) | |
3782 | |
3783 With the last two methods, use `xmodmap' and `xev' to discover the keysym | |
3784 and modifier names. | |
3785 | |
3786 143: Why doesn't my Meta key work in an xterm window? | |
597 | 3787 |
3788 Try all of these methods before asking for further help: | |
3789 | |
1736 | 3790 * You may have big problems using `mwm' as your window manager. {Does |
3791 anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the Meta key in | |
3792 Emacs with mwm?} | |
3793 | |
3794 * For X11R4: Make sure it really is a Meta key. Use `xev' to find out | |
597 | 3795 what keysym your Meta key generates. It should be either Meta_L or |
3796 Meta_R. If it isn't, use xmodmap to fix the situation. | |
3797 | |
3798 * Make sure the pty the xterm is using is passing 8 bit characters. | |
1736 | 3799 `stty -a' (or `stty everything') should show `cs8' somewhere. If it |
3800 shows `cs7' instead, use `stty cs8 -istrip' (or `stty pass8') to fix | |
597 | 3801 it. |
3802 | |
3803 * If there is an rlogin connection between the xterm and the Emacs, the | |
1736 | 3804 `-8' argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 |
597 | 3805 bits of every character. |
3806 | |
1736 | 3807 * If the Emacs is running under Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
3808 (set-input-mode t nil) helps. | |
597 | 3809 |
3810 * If all else fails, you can make xterm generate "ESC W" when you type | |
3811 M-W, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it got the M-W | |
3812 anyway. In X11R4, the following resource specification will do this: | |
3813 | |
3814 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
3815 | |
3816 (This changes the behavior of the insert-eight-bit action.) | |
3817 | |
3818 With older xterms, you can specify this behavior with a translation: | |
3819 | |
3820 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
3821 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
3822 | |
1736 | 3823 You might have to replace `Meta' with `Alt'. |
3824 | |
3825 144: Why doesn't my ExtendChar key work as a Meta key under HP-UX 8.0? | |
597 | 3826 |
3827 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
3828 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that | |
3829 XLookupString returns the same result regardless of the Meta key state | |
3830 which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs is fixed, the temporary | |
3831 kludge is to run this command after each time the X server is started but | |
3832 preferably before any xterm clients are: | |
3833 | |
3834 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
3835 | |
3836 NOTE: This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which | |
3837 may be undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
3838 | |
1736 | 3839 145: Where can I get key bindings to make Emacs emulate WordStar? |
3840 | |
3841 There is a package `wordstar' by Jim Frost <jimf@saber.com> and | |
3842 `ws-mode.el' by Juergen Nickelsen <nickel@cs.tu-berlin.de>. Check in the | |
3843 Emacs Lisp Archive (see question 89). | |
3844 | |
3845 146: Where can I get an XEDIT emulator for Emacs? | |
3846 | |
3847 This question comes up once every couple of months. I have never seen a | |
3848 positive reply, so I presume no one has ever written one. | |
3849 | |
3850 | |
3851 | |
3852 Using Emacs with Alternate Character Sets | |
3853 | |
3854 147: How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
3855 | |
3856 There is a patch called the `8-bit ctl-arrow patch' that allows Emacs to | |
3857 display characters with codes from 128 to 255. {The original appears to | |
3858 have been by Kenneth Cline <cline@proof.ergo.cs.cmu.edu>.} Partially based | |
3859 on Johan Widen's earlier work, Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> has updated this | |
3860 patch for Emacs 18.58 along with some other 8-bit improvements. | |
3861 | |
3862 Anonymous FTP: | |
3863 /ftp.eu.net:gnu/emacs/FP-EightBit.Z | |
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3864 /ftp.urc.tue.nl:/pub/tex/emacs/FP-EightBit |
1736 | 3865 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z:cemacs/8bit-patch-18.57 |
3866 /sics.se:archive/emacs-18.55-8bit-diff | |
3867 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.55 | |
3868 /laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/patch-8bit-18.57 | |
3869 | |
3870 Via e-mail: | |
3871 To: mail-server@sics.se | |
3872 body: send emacs-18.55-8bit-diff | |
3873 | |
3874 Anders Edenbrandt <anderse@dna.lth.se> has produced a more comprehensive | |
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3875 patch for Emacs 18.59 that allows for 8-bit input and output. |
1736 | 3876 |
3877 Anonymous FTP: | |
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3878 /ftp.efd.lth.se:pub/gnu/emacs_8-bit.patch |
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3879 |
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3880 In the words of the author: |
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3881 |
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3882 With these patches, Emacs becomes fully 8-bit operational. There is |
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3883 support for displaying 8-bit characters, as well as for entering such |
3591
507f64624555
Apply typo patches from Paul Eggert.
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3884 characters from the keyboard. In addition, upcase/lowcase translation |
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3885 is supported, accented characters are recognized as "letters" (important |
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3886 when doing 'forward-word', for example), and text with 8-bit characters |
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3887 can be sorted correctly. |
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3888 |
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3889 A Meta-shift key can still be used, provided that you run in an |
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3890 environment where it is possible to distinguish between a character |
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3891 entered using the Meta-shift key and one entered directly. The diffs |
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3892 include patches to make this work under SunView (with emacstool) as |
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3893 well as under X. If you can't use a Meta-shift key, you have to enter |
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3894 Meta-commands with the ESC-prefix. |
1736 | 3895 |
3896 The most comprehensive patches for 8-bit output are by Howard Gayle | |
3897 (originally for Emacs 18.55. These patches allow displaying any arbitrary | |
3898 string for a given 8-bit character (except TAB and C-j). Also supported | |
3899 is defining the sorting order and the uppercase and lowercase | |
3900 translations. It is reported that the 8-bit character support in Emacs 19 | |
3901 is largely based on these patches. Thomas Bellman | |
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3902 <Bellman@lysator.liu.se> has updated these patches for Emacs 18.59. |
1736 | 3903 |
3904 Anonymous FTP: | |
3905 /sics.se:archive/emacs-gayle.tar.Z (patches for 18.55) | |
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3906 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/gayle-18.58.diff.tar.Z (patches) |
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3907 /ftp.lysator.liu.se:pub/emacs/emacs-18.59-gayle.tar.Z (patched Emacs) |
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3908 |
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3909 Epoch's 8-bit character support is based on Anders Edenbrandt's patches. |
1736 | 3910 Lucid Emacs has the ctl-arrow patch installed. Nemacs displays 8-bit |
3911 characters, and it may be useful for displaying the 8-bit ISO-8859 | |
3912 alphabet, but I don't know for sure (see question 149). | |
3913 | |
3914 148: How do I input 8-bit characters? | |
3915 | |
3916 Minor modes for ISO Latin-1 that allow one to easily input this character | |
3917 set have been written by several people. Such modes have been written by | |
3918 Matthieu Herrb <matthieu@laas.fr> (laas.laas.fr:pub/emacs/iso-latin-1.el), | |
3919 Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> {FTP site??}, and Marc Shapiro | |
3920 <shapiro@sor.inria.fr> {FTP site??}. | |
3921 | |
3922 These approaches differ from the one taken by Anders Edenbrandt in that | |
3923 his method uses direct 8-bit input, while these methods use a compose | |
3924 sequence for 8-bit characters. {I have heard conflicting reports on | |
3925 whether this results in losing the Meta key. Perhaps this depends on | |
3926 whether Emacs is running under X. Can someone resolve this?} | |
3927 | |
3928 Karl Heuer <karl@haddock.ima.isc.com> is said to have a patch to allow | |
3929 8-bit input. Georg-Wilhelm Koltermann <gwk@crmunich0.cray.com> also has a | |
3930 patch for either 18.57 or 18.58 that allows 8-bit input. | |
3931 | |
3932 Epoch comes with a patch that allows it to input 8-bit characters, but it | |
3933 is not enabled by default. {Is this right?} | |
3934 | |
3935 Jamie Zawinski says: | |
3936 | |
3937 Lucid GNU Emacs allows the input of any ISO-8859/1 keysyms that your | |
3938 keyboard generates (see xmodmap), and contains a package that implements | |
3939 a DEC/OpenWindows-like "Compose" key for systems which don't have one. | |
3940 | |
3941 149: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle kanji characters? | |
3942 | |
3943 Nemacs 3.3.2 (Nihongo GNU Emacs) is a modified version of GNU Emacs 18.55 | |
3944 that handles kanji characters. It is available via anonymous FTP: | |
3945 | |
3946 /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/misc/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z | |
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3947 /miki.cs.titech.ac.jp:JAPAN/nemacs/nemacs-3.3.2.tar.Z |
1736 | 3948 |
3949 You might also need files for "wnn", a kanji input method | |
3950 (wnn-4.0.3{-README,.tar.Z} {on which machine?}). You need a terminal (or | |
3951 terminal emulator) that can display text encoded in JIS, Shift-JIS, or EUC | |
3952 (Extended Unix Code), or the ability to run Nemacs as a direct X Window | |
3953 client. | |
3954 | |
3955 150: Where can I get an Emacs that can handle Chinese? | |
3956 | |
3957 `cemacs' by Stephen G. Simpson <simpson@math.psu.edu> is a patch to Emacs | |
3958 18.57 (the ctl-arrow patch) and some Emacs Lisp code that combined with | |
3959 Cxterm allows using Chinese characters. It is available via anonymous | |
3960 FTP: | |
3961 | |
3962 /crl.nmsu.edu:pub/chinese/cemacs.tar.Z | |
3963 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cemacs.tar.Z | |
3964 | |
3965 Cxterm is available from the same place: | |
3966 | |
3967 /cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cxterm-11.5.1.tar.Z | |
3968 | |
3969 151: Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
3970 | |
3971 Joel M. Hoffman <joel@wam.umd.edu> writes: | |
3972 | |
3973 A couple of years ago a wrote a hebrew.el file that allows right-to-left | |
3974 editing of Hebrew. I relied on the hardware to display the Hebrew | |
3975 letters, given the right codes, but not for any right-to-left support; | |
3976 the hardware also doesn't have to send any specific char. codes. Emacs | |
3977 keeps track of when the user is typing Hebrew vs. English. (The VT-* | |
3978 terminals in Israel contain built-in support for Hebrew.) | |
3979 | |
3980 To get it to work I had to modify only a few lines of GNU Emacs's source | |
3981 code --- just enough to make it 8-bit clean. | |
3982 | |
3983 [and in a separate message:] | |
3984 | |
3985 It doesn't produce time-order ["sefer" format] (I wouldn't recommend | |
3986 trying that with emacs, because converting time-order to screen-order | |
3987 with arbitrarily long lines is a bit tricky), but I also concocted a | |
3988 quick filter to convert screen-order into time-order. I'll be happy to | |
3989 send you the requisite files if you want them. If you're using it for | |
3990 anything large, however, you'll want something that works better. | |
3991 | |
3992 Joel Hoffman has also written a "bi-directional bi-lingual Emacs-like" | |
3993 editor for MS-DOS named Ibelbe (Itty Bitty Emacs-Like Bidirectional | |
3994 Editor). Ibelbe is written in Turbo Pascal and comes with source code. | |
3995 Here is the description: | |
3996 | |
3997 Ibelbe looks like emacs (it even has a minibuffer and filename | |
3998 completion), and fully supports both right-to-left and left-to-right | |
3999 editing. Other than an EGA monitor or better, no special hardware is | |
4000 required. You will need an EGA Hebrew font to use Ibelbe with Hebrew. | |
4001 | |
4002 Anonymous FTP: | |
4003 /israel.nysernet.org:israel/msdos/ibelbe.zip | |
4004 /israel.nysernet.org:israel/msdos/hebfont.zip | |
4005 | |
4006 Joseph Friedman <yossi@deshaw.com, yossi@Neon.Stanford.EDU> has written | |
4007 patches for Emacs 18.55 and 18.58 that provide Semitic language support | |
4008 under X Windows. | |
4009 | |
4010 Warren Burstein <warren@itex.jct.ac.il> says he has mapped 7-bit keys by | |
4011 modifying self-insert-command "for Hebrew input on 7-bit keyboards". | |
4012 | |
4013 A good suggestion is to query archie for files named with `hebrew'. | |
4014 | |
4015 GNU Emacs FAQ: Mail and News | |
4016 | |
4017 This portion of the GNU Emacs FAQ list is cross-posted to `gnu.emacs.gnus' | |
4018 because many of the questions herein deal with GNUS. See `gnu.emacs.help' for | |
4019 the rest of the FAQ list. | |
4020 | |
4021 If you are viewing this text in a GNU Emacs Buffer, you can type "M-2 C-x $" to | |
4022 get an overview of just the questions. Then, when you want to look at the text | |
4023 of the answers, just type "C-x $". | |
4024 | |
4025 To search for a question numbered XXX, type "M-C-s ^XXX:", followed by a C-r if | |
4026 that doesn't work, then type ESC to end the search. | |
4027 | |
4028 A `+' in the 78th column means something was inserted on the line. A `-' means | |
4029 something was deleted and a `!' means some combination of insertions and | |
4030 deletions occurred. | |
4031 | |
4032 Full instructions for getting the latest FAQ are in question 22. Also see the | |
4033 `Introduction to news.answers' posting in the `news.answers' newsgroup, or send | |
4034 e-mail to `mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu' with `help' on a body line, or use FTP, | |
4035 WAIS, or Prospero to rtfm.mit.edu. | |
134 | 4036 |
4037 | |
597 | 4038 |
1736 | 4039 Mail and News |
134 | 4040 |
1736 | 4041 152: How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? |
4042 | |
4043 Many people want Emacs to prefix included text with something like ` > ' | |
4044 instead of with three spaces. One way is to change the code of the | |
4045 function `mail-yank-original' in lisp/sendmail.el that prefixes with | |
4046 spaces. A more flexible solution is to use Supercite, which provides wide | |
4047 configurability in how you format included text in replies. See question | |
4048 107. Both of these solutions work for RMAIL and GNUS. | |
4049 | |
4050 A related problem is how to prevent Emacs from including various headers | |
4051 of the replied-to message. For this, you should set the value of | |
4052 mail-yank-ignored-headers, which takes a regexp value. | |
4053 | |
4054 153: How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
4055 | |
4056 Two methods: | |
4057 | |
4058 1. (setq mail-self-blind t) will result in a `BCC:' header line with your | |
4059 address being added to mail composition buffers. This will cause the | |
4060 mail system to send a copy of the mail back to you. | |
4061 | |
4062 2. (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) will | |
4063 result in an `FCC:' header line with the pathname of ~/outgoing being | |
4064 added to mail composition buffers. When you send the mail, Emacs will | |
4065 save a copy of the mail in the file ~/outgoing and then strip off the | |
4066 `FCC:' line before actually sending. | |
4067 | |
4068 WARNING: There is a bug in Emacs 18.58 that prevents mail readers such | |
4069 as RMAIL from reading the saved mail messages individually. See | |
4070 question 155. | |
4071 | |
4072 WARNING: If you are visiting the file ~/outgoing at the time you send | |
4073 the mail, this can cause a variety of horrible problems. Jamie | |
4074 Zawinski has written a solution for this. | |
4075 | |
4076 It does not work to put `set record filename' in the .mailrc file. | |
4077 | |
4078 154: Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
4079 | |
4080 * You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
597 | 4081 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses |
4082 like this one: | |
4083 | |
1736 | 4084 To: Willy Smith <wks@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> |
4085 | |
4086 However, you do not need to separate addresses with commas in your | |
4087 .mailrc file. | |
4088 | |
4089 WARNING: Emacs breaks up aliases in the .mailrc file into multiple | |
4090 addresses both on commas and on whitespace, regardless of any use of | |
4091 quotes. This is probably a bug. You can get around this by directly | |
4092 setting the value of mail-aliases. | |
4093 | |
4094 * Emacs normally only reads the `.mailrc' file once per session, when you | |
597 | 4095 start to compose your first mail message. If you edit .mailrc, you can |
4096 type "M-ESC (build-mail-aliases) RET" to make Emacs reread .mailrc. | |
4097 (You have to include the parentheses where they are shown!) | |
4098 | |
4099 * Emacs does not interpret vendor-specific additions to the format of the | |
1736 | 4100 .mailrc file such as the `source' command. It also ignores any `set' |
4101 commands. The only commands it looks at are `alias' and `group' | |
4102 commands. | |
4103 | |
4104 155: Why does RMAIL think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
4105 | |
4106 There is a bug for FCC-ed messages in Emacs 18.58 where it adds a timezone | |
4107 on the "From " line after the year instead of before the year. (Before it | |
4108 didn't add the timezone at all.) This is incompatible with the standard | |
4109 format for the "From " line, and RMAIL in particular can no longer | |
4110 distinguish between the messages. Karl Berry <karl@cs.umb.edu>, Felix Lee | |
4111 <flee@cs.psu.edu>, Nick Gianniotis <nico@japan.sbi.com> and many | |
4112 others have all posted patches for this. Karl's is the simplest and just | |
4113 stops Emacs from adding the timezone: | |
4114 | |
4115 >*** ./ORIG/sendmail.el Tue Jan 28 16:22:56 1992 | |
4116 >--- ./sendmail.el Thu May 14 18:23:48 1992 | |
4117 >*************** | |
4118 >*** 285,287 **** | |
4119 > (insert "\nFrom " (user-login-name) " " | |
4120 >! (current-time-string) " " timezone "\n") | |
4121 > (insert-buffer-substring rmailbuf) | |
4122 >--- 285,287 ---- | |
4123 > (insert "\nFrom " (user-login-name) " " | |
4124 >! (current-time-string) "\n") | |
4125 > (insert-buffer-substring rmailbuf) | |
4126 | |
4127 156: How can I sort the messages in my RMAIL folder? | |
4128 | |
4129 Use rmailsort.el by Masanobu Umeda. | |
4130 | |
4131 157: Why does RMAIL need to write to /usr/spool/mail? | |
4132 | |
4133 This is the behavior of the `movemail' program which RMAIL uses. This | |
4134 indicates that movemail is configured to use lock files. | |
4135 | |
4136 RMS writes: | |
4137 | |
4138 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
4139 On these systems, movemail must write lock files, or you risk losing | |
4140 mail. You simply must arrange to let movemail write them. | |
4141 | |
4142 Other systems use the flock system call to interlock access. On these | |
4143 systems, you should configure movemail to use flock. | |
4144 | |
4145 158: How do I recover my mail files after RMAIL munges their format? | |
597 | 4146 |
4147 Users who just want to try RMAIL out to see how it works end up trapped | |
1736 | 4148 using it because saved mail in their `mbox' file has been converted into |
597 | 4149 an incompatible format (BABYL) that only RMAIL understands. RMAIL |
1736 | 4150 provides no obvious way to reverse this transformation. Kyle Jones has |
4151 aptly named this "the great Emacs Mail Eating Monster". To convert a mail | |
597 | 4152 file back to standard Unix format, there are several methods: |
4153 | |
4154 * Use the rmail-output ("C-o") command within RMAIL on each message in the | |
4155 file. First use M-x rmail or M-x rmail-input to visit the RMAIL file in | |
4156 Rmail mode. Type "1 j" to go to the first message. Use the C-o command | |
4157 to output the message to a Unix format file. Type "n" to go to the next | |
4158 message. Repeat. | |
4159 | |
4160 * If the file contains hundreds of messages, you may not want to repeat | |
4161 this for all of them. Instead of the above, after getting to the first | |
4162 message type this (where "mbox" is the file you want to put the messages | |
4163 in): | |
4164 | |
4165 C-x ( C-o mbox RET M-s ^From: RET M-0 C-x ) | |
4166 | |
4167 (The rmail-search command ("M-s") is used instead of just "n" because it | |
4168 is the only command which will cause an error when it reaches the last | |
4169 message in the file, which is necessary to terminate the keyboard macro. | |
4170 This will fail if there are messages in the file that don't have a | |
4171 `From:' header. This assumes rmail-delete-after-output is nil.) | |
4172 | |
4173 It is wise to save a copy of the RMAIL file first, in case you make a | |
4174 mistake. | |
4175 | |
4176 * There are software packages available for converting files or even | |
4177 entire directories of BABYL files to standard Unix format. These are | |
4178 helpful in this situation, but are intended mainly for people who have | |
4179 used RMAIL for a long time and are converting to some other mail reader. | |
4180 Lookup `rmail', `vm', and `babyl' in the Emacs Lisp Archive (see | |
1736 | 4181 question 89). |
597 | 4182 |
4183 You may wish to disable RMAIL to avoid accidentally destroying your mbox | |
4184 file (I have this in my .emacs): | |
4185 | |
4186 (put 'rmail 'disabled t) ; avoid mbox destruction | |
4187 | |
1736 | 4188 159: How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? |
4189 | |
4190 Example: | |
4191 | |
4192 emacs -f gnus | |
4193 | |
4194 Also: | |
4195 | |
4196 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
4197 | |
4198 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader from | |
4199 your .emacs file. This would cause problems if you needed to run two | |
4200 copies of Emacs at one time. Also, this would make it difficult for you | |
4201 to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. | |
4202 | |
4203 160: How do I read news under Emacs? | |
597 | 4204 |
4205 There are at least three news reading packages that operate inside Emacs. | |
1736 | 4206 `rnews' comes with Emacs. GNUS and Gnews come separately. rnews will |
597 | 4207 be replaced by GNUS in Emacs 19. |
4208 | |
4209 rnews works only with a local news spool directory. Both GNUS and Gnews | |
4210 handle reading news remotely via NNTP in addition to reading from a local | |
4211 news spool. GNUS supports reading mail stored in MH folders or articles | |
4212 saved by GNUS. | |
4213 | |
1736 | 4214 Gnews is styled after `rn' and seems to work like RMAIL. GNUS feels more |
597 | 4215 like VM. People have complained that GNUS uses a lot of CPU time (it |
4216 does). Some people have complained that Gnews is slower than GNUS. | |
4217 | |
1736 | 4218 For more information about GNUS, see question 108. |
597 | 4219 |
4220 Gnews was written by Matthew P. Wiener <weemba@libra.wistar.upenn.edu>. | |
4221 The latest version seems to be 2.0, posted October 3, 1988. Matthew | |
4222 posted some fixes on October 26, 1988. Gnews does not appear to have been | |
4223 supported after this date. In particular, it has been reported that Gnews | |
4224 does not work with Emacs 18.57. There is a newsgroup for Gnews called | |
134 | 4225 gnu.emacs.gnews. |
4226 | |
1736 | 4227 161: Why does `rnews' say "No News is good news" when there is news? |
4228 | |
4229 rnews doesn't speak NNTP. You may need to use GNUS or Gnews. | |
4230 | |
4231 162: Why doesn't GNUS work anymore via NNTP? | |
4232 | |
4233 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
4234 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one before | |
4235 blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version 1.5.11 | |
4236 claims to fix this. | |
4237 | |
4238 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
4239 | |
4240 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
4241 | |
4242 I also have a patch for NNTP 1.5.10 by Mike Pelletier | |
4243 <stealth@engin.umich.edu> that is based on the timeout code that was in | |
4244 1.5.9. However, please try to upgrade to 1.5.11 first. | |
4245 | |
4246 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
4247 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine (ie., | |
4248 `telnet server-machine 119'). The server should give its version number | |
4249 in the welcome message. Type `quit' to get out. | |
4250 | |
4251 163: How do I view text with embedded underlining (eg., ClariNews)? | |
4252 | |
4253 Underlining appears like this: | |
4254 | |
4255 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
4256 | |
4257 You can destructively remove underlining with M-x ununderline-region. | |
4258 | |
4259 For ClariNews articles, clari-clean.el by David N. Blank-Edelman | |
4260 <dnb@meshugge.media.mit.edu> will remove both underlining and overstriking | |
4261 automatically. | |
4262 | |
4263 164: When I try to post a long article in GNUS (about 10K or longer), I get | |
4264 the error, "Writing to process: no more processes, nntpd" | |
4265 | |
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
4266 Upgrade to Emacs 18.58 or higher. |
1736 | 4267 |
4268 165: How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in GNUS? | |
4269 | |
4270 Use gnus-mark.el by Jamie Zawinski <jwz@lucid.com>. | |
4271 | |
4272 166: Why does GNUS put the subjects in replies beyond the 80th column? | |
4273 | |
4274 This is a feature. If you set gnus-thread-hide-subject to non-nil, GNUS | |
4275 will only display the subject of the first posting in a thread, even if | |
4276 some of the replies use different subjects. It hides the subjects by | |
4277 putting them past the edge of the window and setting truncate lines to t. | |
4278 | |
4279 If your screen looks messed up, then for some reason truncate-lines in | |
4280 your `*Subject*' buffer has been set to nil. It should be set to t. | |
4281 | |
4282 (I have an enhancement to GNUS 3.13 that will make it only hide the subject | |
4283 of a posting when it is unchanged from the followed-up-to posting. Thus, | |
4284 you can use the subject hiding feature and still know when someone changes | |
4285 the subject. (I have forgotten who originally gave me the idea for this.)) | |
4286 | |
4287 167: Why is GNUS so slow to start up? | |
4288 | |
4289 GNUS does several things that take quadratic time of the number of | |
4290 newsgroups that are listed in .newsrc. The quick fix for this is to | |
4291 remove all the newsgroups in which you have no interest from your .newrc | |
4292 file by using GNUS's C-k command in the `*Newsgroup*' buffer after | |
4293 displaying all newsgroups with the L command. If you were to directly | |
4294 edit your .newsrc to remove the newsgroups, GNUS would add them back. | |
4295 | |
4296 GNUS uses a quadratic algorithm to check for duplicates when the .newsrc | |
4297 file is newer than the .newsrc.el file (ie., you edited your .newsrc). | |
4298 GNUS uses a quadratic algorithm to check for new newsgroups every time it | |
4299 connects to the news server. {There may be other quadratic algorithms | |
4300 that I am not aware of.} | |
4301 | |
4302 You can speed up GNUS by using the C-k command in the *Newsgroup* buffer | |
4303 to remove newsgroups from your .newsrc file. | |
4304 | |
4305 Of course, GNUS will run faster if you make sure it is byte-compiled. | |
4306 | |
4307 Felix Lee wrote some enhancements called `gnus-speedups.el' that fix some | |
4308 of the problems. See the Emacs Lisp Archive. | |
4309 | |
4310 168: How do I catch up all newsgroups in GNUS? | |
4311 | |
4312 In the `*Newsgroup*' buffer, type the following magical incantation: | |
4313 | |
4314 M-< C-x ( C-@ c y C-u C-@ C-e C-f C-f M-0 C-x ) | |
4315 | |
4316 Leave off the "M-<" if you only want to catch up from point to the end of | |
4317 the `*Newsgroup' buffer. | |
4318 | |
4319 169: Why can't I kill in GNUS on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control line? | |
4320 | |
4321 GNUS 3.14.1 will complain that the `Newsgroups:', `Keywords:', and | |
4322 `Control:' headers are `Unknown header field's. | |
4323 | |
4324 For the `Newsgroups:' header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
4325 `Xref' header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article. | |
4326 | |
4327 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
4328 this: | |
4329 | |
4330 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
4331 | |
4332 Various people (eg., Greg Holley <holley@acuson.com>) have posted | |
4333 solutions to allow more efficient killing on these headers than the | |
4334 preceding solution. Masanobu Umeda plans to fix this problem. | |
4335 | |
4336 170: How do I get rid of flashing messages in GNUS for slow connections? | |
4337 | |
4338 GNUS outputs "NNTP: Reading..." message and then clears them, over and | |
4339 over. In version 3.14.1 there is a variable named nntp-debug-read that | |
4340 can help. Johan Vromans <jv@mh.nl> wrote a fix. Others have also written | |
4341 fixes. | |
4342 | |
4343 171: Why is catch up slow in Gnews/GNUS? | |
4344 | |
4345 Because GNUS is marking crosspostings read. {I think it should do this at | |
4346 the time the article is read to spread out the load. Maybe someone will | |
4347 write the code to do this.} | |
4348 | |
4349 172: Why does GNUS hang for a long time when posting? | |
4350 | |
4351 David Lawrence <tale@uunet.uu.net> explains: | |
4352 | |
4353 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
4354 POST asks C News's inews to not background itself but rather hang around | |
4355 and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. | |
4356 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the | |
4357 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
4358 long time because inews is calling relaynews, which often waits for | |
4359 another relaynews to free the lock on the news system so it can file the | |
4360 article. | |
4361 | |
4362 My preferred solution is to change inews to not call relaynews, but | |
4363 rather use newsspool. This loses some error-catching functionality, but | |
4364 is for the most part safe as inews will detect a lot of the errors on | |
4365 its own. The C News folks have sped up inews, too, so speed should look | |
4366 better to most folks as that update propagates around. | |
4367 | |
4368 173: Why don't my news postings in GNUS get past the local machine? | |
4369 | |
4370 Three possible reasons: local distribution, C News date problem (see | |
4371 question 174, and the path problem. This piece of code may fix the path | |
4372 problem for you: | |
4373 | |
4374 (setq gnus-use-generic-path t) | |
4375 | |
4376 174: Why is the GNUS-generated `Date:' header invalid? | |
4377 | |
4378 GNUS generates `Date:' headers without time zones. C-News's `inews' | |
4379 doesn't replace it with a valid header, but will generate it if not | |
4380 already there. If it is invalid, the article will not be forwarded | |
4381 properly. Quick fix: | |
4382 | |
4383 (defun gnus-inews-date () nil) | |
4384 | |
2703
8ea617fb9603
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
1736
diff
changeset
|
4385 This is not fixed as of GNUS 3.14.1. |
1736 | 4386 |
4387 175: Why doesn't GNUS generate the `Lines:' header? | |
4388 | |
4389 GNUS was written for B news, which would generate the `Lines:' header. C | |
4390 news doesn't. There is a comment in C news's `inews' that you can | |
4391 uncomment to enable this functionality. Or you can have GNUS generate the | |
4392 header, for example: | |
4393 | |
4394 ;; idea by jbryans@beach.csulb.edu (Jack Bryans) | |
4395 (defun add-lines-header () | |
4396 ;; Count the number of lines in the current posting and insert the | |
4397 ;; header line Lines into the message. | |
4398 (save-excursion | |
4399 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
4400 (if (search-forward "\n\n") ;; ***** I suspect this is wrong ***** | |
4401 (let ((lines (count-lines (point) (point-max)))) | |
4402 (forward-line -1) | |
4403 (insert-string "Lines: " lines "\n"))))) | |
4404 | |
4405 Mike Williams <mike-w@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> has written something similar. | |
4406 | |
4407 Ronald Florence <ron@mlfarm.com> has a patch for GNUS that makes it | |
4408 calculate the `Lines:' header for incoming articles when necessary that | |
4409 works for sites with local news spools. | |
4410 | |
4411 David Lawrence <tale@uunet.uu.net> says that GNUS 3.14.1 generates Lines | |
4412 if gnus-news-system is Cnews. | |
4413 | |
4414 176: Why do I get "Cannot open load file" "nntp" when compiling GNUS? | |
4415 | |
4416 Specifically, the error message is this: | |
4417 | |
4418 Error occurred processing gnus.el: File error (("Cannot open load file" "nntp")) | |
4419 | |
4420 This means that nntp.el is not in Emacs's load-path, which is easy to | |
4421 happen when compiling using the Makefile. | |
4422 | |
4423 Easiest solution: set EMACSLOADPATH in Makefile (idea from Glenn Gribble | |
4424 <glenn@netcom.com>): | |
4425 | |
4426 EMACSLOADPATH=/usr/local/emacs/lisp:. | |
4427 ELC= env EMACSLOADPATH=$(EMACSLOADPATH) emacs -batch -f batch-byte-compile | |
4428 | |
4429 Another solution, in hack.el put this: | |
4430 | |
4431 (defun gross-hack () (setq load-path (cons "/directory" load-path))) | |
4432 | |
4433 Then in Makefile: | |
4434 | |
4435 ELC= emacs -batch -l hack.el -f gross-hack -f batch-byte-compile | |
4436 | |
4437 177: How do I kill all articles in GNUS but those matching a pattern? | |
4438 | |
4439 Example: | |
4440 | |
4441 ;; kill everything | |
4442 (gnus-kill "subject" "" nil nil) | |
4443 ;; then restore stuff by our favorite poster | |
4444 (gnus-kill "from" "good-guy" | |
4445 (function | |
4446 (lambda () | |
4447 (if (eq ?X (char-after (save-excursion | |
4448 (beginning-of-line 1) | |
4449 (point)))) | |
4450 (gnus-Subject-clear-mark-forward 1)))) | |
4451 t) | |
4452 | |
4453 | |
4454 | |
4455 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
4456 Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992 Joseph Brian Wells | |
4457 Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Steven Byrnes | |
4458 | |
4459 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
4460 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
4461 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS, etc.), and updated with new | |
4462 information. The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as | |
4463 apply to the FAQ itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice | |
4464 or an approved translation, information on who is currently maintaining | |
4465 the FAQ and how to contact them (including their e-mail address), and | |
4466 information on where the latest version of the FAQ is archived (including | |
4467 FTP information). The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these | |
4468 conditions, except that the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary | |
4469 work unless that work itself allows free copying and redistribution. |