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annotate man/macos.texi @ 42645:ac1b9223bb7f

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(zone-timeout): New var. (zone-hiding-modeline): New macro. (zone-call): New func. (zone): Init `modeline-hidden-level' symbol property. Use `zone-call' instead of `funcall'. (zone-pgm-whack-chars): Use `make-string' (bug introduced in 1.7). (zone-pgm-stress): Use `zone-hiding-modeline'. (zone-pgm-stress-destress): New zone program.
author Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
date Thu, 10 Jan 2002 22:09:54 +0000 (2002-01-10)
parents 3b40423b9355
children 01b93e5e53a7
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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4 @node Mac OS, MS-DOS, Antinews, Top
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5 @appendix Emacs and the Mac OS
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6 @cindex Mac OS
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7 @cindex Macintosh
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8
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9 Emacs built on the Mac OS supports many of its major features:
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10 multiple frames, colors, scroll bars, menu bars, use of the mouse,
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11 fontsets, international characters, input methods, coding systems, and
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12 synchronous subprocesses (@code{call-process}). Much of this works in
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13 the same way as on other platforms and is therefore documented in the
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14 rest of this manual. This section describes the peculiarities of using
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15 Emacs under the Mac OS.
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16
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17 The following features of Emacs are not yet supported on the Mac:
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18 unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), asynchronous subprocesses
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19 (@code{start-process}), and networking (@code{open-network-stream}).
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20 As a result, packages such as Gnus, GUD, and Comint do not work.
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21
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22 Since external programs to handle commands such as
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23 @code{print-buffer} and @code{diff} are not available on the Mac OS,
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24 they are not supported in the Mac OS version.
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25
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26 @menu
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27 * Input: Mac Input. Keyboard input on the Mac.
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28 * Intl: Mac International. International character sets on the Mac.
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29 * Env: Mac Environment Variables. Setting environment variables for Emacs.
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30 * Directories: Mac Directories. Volumes and directories on the Mac.
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31 * Font: Mac Font Specs. Specifying fonts on the Mac.
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32 * Functions: Mac Functions. Mac-specific Lisp functions.
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33 @end menu
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34
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35 @node Mac Input
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36 @section Keyboard Input on the Mac
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37 @cindex Meta (Mac OS)
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38 @cindex keyboard coding (Mac OS)
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39 @vindex mac-command-key-is-meta
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40 @vindex mac-keyboard-text-encoding
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41
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42 On the Mac, Emacs can use either the @key{option} key or the
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43 @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. If the value of the variable
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44 @code{mac-command-key-is-meta} is non-@code{nil} (its default value),
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45 Emacs uses the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. Otherwise it
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46 uses the @key{option} key as the @key{META} key.
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47
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48 Most people should want to use the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key,
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49 so that dead-key processing with the @key{option} key will still work. This is
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50 useful for entering non-ASCII Latin characters directly from the Mac
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51 keyboard, for example.
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52
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53 Emacs recognizes the setting in the Keyboard control panel and
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54 supports international and alternative keyboard layouts (e.g., Dvorak).
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55 Selecting one of the layouts from the keyboard layout pull-down menu
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56 will affect how the keys typed on the keyboard are interpreted.
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57
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58 The Mac OS intercepts and handles certain key combinations (e.g.,
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59 @key{command}-@key{SPC} for switching input languages). These will not
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60 be passed to Emacs.
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61
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62 The Mac keyboard ordinarily generates characters in the Mac Roman
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63 encoding. To use it for entering ISO Latin-1 characters directly, set
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64 the value of the variable @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to
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65 @code{kTextEncodingISOLatin1}. Note that not all Mac Roman characters
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66 that can be entered at the keyboard can be converted to ISO Latin-1
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67 characters.
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68
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69 To enter ISO Latin-2 characters directly from the Mac keyboard, set
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70 the value of @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to
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71 @code{kTextEncodingISOLatin2}. Then let Emacs know that the keyboard
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72 generates Latin-2 codes, by typing @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k iso-latin-2
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73 @key{RET}}. To make this setting permanent, put this in your
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74 @file{.emacs} init file:
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75
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76 @lisp
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77 (set-keyboard-coding-system 'iso-latin-2)
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78 @end lisp
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79
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80 @node Mac International
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81 @section International Character Set Support on the Mac
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82 @cindex Mac Roman coding system
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83 @cindex clipboard support (Mac OS)
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84
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85 The Mac uses a non-standard encoding for the upper 128 single-byte
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86 characters. It also deviates from the ISO 2022 standard by using
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87 character codes in the range 128-159. The coding system
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88 @code{mac-roman} is used to represent this Mac encoding. It is used
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89 for editing files stored in this native encoding, and for displaying
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90 file names in Dired mode.
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91
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92 Any native (non-symbol) Mac font can be used to correctly display
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93 characters in the @code{mac-roman} coding system.
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94
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95 The fontset @code{fontset-mac} is created automatically when Emacs
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96 is run on the Mac. It displays characters in the @code{mac-roman}
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97 coding system using 12-point Monaco.
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98
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99 To insert characters directly in the @code{mac-roman} coding system,
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100 type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k mac-roman @key{RET}}, customize the option
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101 @code{keyboard-coding-system}, or put this in your init file:
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102
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103 @lisp
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104 (set-keyboard-coding-system 'mac-roman)
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105 @end lisp
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106
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107 @noindent
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108 This is useful for editing documents in native Mac encoding.
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109
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110 You can use input methods provided either by LEIM (@pxref{Input
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111 Methods}) or the Mac OS to enter international characters.
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112
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113 To use the former, see the International Character Set Support section
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114 of the manual (@pxref{International}).
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115
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116 To use input methods provided by the Mac OS, set the keyboard coding
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117 system accordingly using the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k} command
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118 (@code{set-keyboard-coding-system}). For example, for Traditional
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119 Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5} as keyboard coding system; for
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120 Japanese, use @samp{sjis}, etc. Then select the desired input method in
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121 the keyboard layout pull-down menu.
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122
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123 The Mac clipboard and the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Killing}) are
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124 connected as follows: the most recent kill is copied to the clipboard
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125 when Emacs is suspended and the contents of the clipboard is inserted
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126 into the kill ring when Emacs resumes. The result is that you can yank
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127 a piece of text and paste it into another Mac application, or cut or copy
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128 one in another Mac application and yank it into a Emacs buffer.
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129
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130 The encoding of text selections must be specified using the commands
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131 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} (@code{set-selection-coding-system}) or @kbd{C-x
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132 @key{RET} X} (@code{set-next-selection-coding-system}) (e.g., for
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133 Traditional Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5-mac} and for Japanese,
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134 @samp{sjis-mac}). @xref{Specify Coding}, for more details.
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135
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136
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137 @node Mac Environment Variables
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138 @section Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments.
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139 @cindex environment variables (Mac OS)
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140
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141 Environment variables and command line arguments for Emacs can be set
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142 by modifying the @samp{STR#} resources 128 and 129, respectively. A common
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143 environment variable that one may want to set is @samp{HOME}.
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144
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145 The way to set an environment variable is by adding a string of the
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146 form
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147
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148 @example
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149 ENV_VAR=VALUE
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150 @end example
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151
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152 @noindent
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153 to resource @samp{STR#} number 128 using @code{ResEdit}. To set up the
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154 program to use unibyte characters exclusively, for example, add the
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155 string
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156
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157 @example
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158 EMACS_UNIBYTE=1
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159 @end example
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160
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161
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162 @node Mac Directories
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163 @section Volumes and Directories on the Mac
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164 @cindex file names (Mac OS)
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165
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166 The directory structure in the Mac OS is seen by Emacs as
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167
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168 @example
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169 /@var{volumename}/@var{filename}
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170 @end example
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171
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172 So when Emacs requests a file name, doing file name completion on
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173 @file{/} will display all volumes on the system. You can use @file{..}
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174 to go up a directory level.
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175
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176 To access files and folders on the desktop, look in the folder
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177 @file{Desktop Folder} in your boot volume (this folder is usually
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178 invisible in the Mac @code{Finder}).
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179
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180 Emacs creates the Mac folder @file{:Preferences:Emacs:} in the
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181 @file{System Folder} and uses it as the temporary directory. Emacs
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182 maps the directory name @file{/tmp/} to that. Therefore it
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183 is best to avoid naming a volume @file{tmp}. If everything works
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184 correctly, the program should leave no files in it when it exits. You
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185 should be able to set the environment variable @code{TMPDIR} to use
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186 another directory but this folder will still be created.
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187
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188
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189 @node Mac Font Specs
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190 @section Specifying Fonts on the Mac
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191 @cindex font names (Mac OS)
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192
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193 It is rare that you need to specify a font name in Emacs; usually
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194 you specify face attributes instead. But when you do need to specify
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195 a font name in Emacs on the Mac, use a standard X font name:
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196
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197 @smallexample
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198 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{}
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199 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset}
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200 @end smallexample
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201
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202 @noindent
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203 @xref{Font X}. Wildcards are supported as they are on X.
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204
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205 Native Apple fonts in Mac Roman encoding has maker name @code{apple}
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206 and charset @code{mac-roman}. For example 12-point Monaco can be
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207 specified by the name @samp{-apple-monaco-*-12-*-mac-roman}.
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208
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209 Native Apple Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, and
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210 Korean fonts have charsets @samp{big5-0}, @samp{gb2312.1980-0},
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211 @samp{jisx0208.1983-sjis}, and @samp{ksc5601.1989-0}, respectively.
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212
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213 Single-byte fonts converted from GNU fonts in BDF format, which are not
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214 in the Mac Roman encoding, have foundry, family, and character sets
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215 encoded in the names of their font suitcases. E.g., the font suitcase
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216 @samp{ETL-Fixed-ISO8859-1} contains fonts which can be referred to by
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217 the name @samp{-ETL-fixed-*-iso8859-1}.
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218
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219
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220 @node Mac Functions
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221 @section Mac-Specific Lisp Functions
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222 @cindex Lisp functions specific to Mac OS
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223
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224 @findex do-applescript
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225 The function @code{do-applescript} takes a string argument,
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226 executes it as an AppleScript command, and returns the result as a
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227 string.
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228
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229 @findex mac-file-name-to-posix
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230 @findex posix-file-name-to-mac
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231 The function @code{mac-file-name-to-posix} takes a Mac file name and
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232 returns the GNU or Unix equivalent. The function
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233 @code{posix-file-name-to-mac} performs the opposite conversion. They
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234 are useful for constructing AppleScript commands to be passed to
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235 @code{do-applescript}.