annotate man/display.texi @ 52287:aece5dd1efda

(beginning-of-defun-function): Doc fix.
author Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
date Wed, 20 Aug 2003 18:48:43 +0000
parents f48bdff09ea1
children 695cf19ef79e
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002
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3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node Display, Search, Registers, Top
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6 @chapter Controlling the Display
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7
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8 Since only part of a large buffer fits in the window, Emacs tries to
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9 show a part that is likely to be interesting. Display-control commands
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10 allow you to specify which part of the text you want to see, and how to
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11 display it.
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12
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13 @menu
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14 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
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15 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
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16 * Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
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17 * Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
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18 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
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19 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
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20 * Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes.
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21 * Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
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22 * Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
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23 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
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24 * Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features.
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25 * Text Display:: How text characters are normally displayed.
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26 * Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display.
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27 * Cursor Display:: Features for displaying the cursor.
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28 @end menu
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29
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30 @node Faces
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31 @section Using Multiple Typefaces
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32 @cindex faces
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33
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34 Emacs supports using multiple styles of displaying characters. Each
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35 style is called a @dfn{face}. Each face can specify various @dfn{face
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36 attributes}, such as the font family, the height, weight and slant of
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37 the characters, the foreground and background color, and underlining
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38 or overlining. A face does not have to specify all of these
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39 attributes; often it inherits many of them from another face.
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40
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41 On a window system, all the Emacs face attributes are meaningful.
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42 On a character terminal, only some of them work. Some character
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43 terminals support inverse video, bold, and underline attributes; some
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44 support colors. Character terminals generally do not support changing
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45 the height and width or the font family.
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46
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47 Features which rely on text in multiple faces (such as Font Lock mode)
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48 will also work on non-windowed terminals that can display more than one
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49 face, whether by colors or underlining and emboldening. This includes
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50 the console on GNU/Linux, an @code{xterm} which supports colors, the
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51 MS-DOS display (@pxref{MS-DOS}), and the MS-Windows version invoked with
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52 the @option{-nw} option. Emacs determines automatically whether the
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53 terminal has this capability.
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54
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55 You control the appearance of a part of the text in the buffer by
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56 specifying the face or faces to use for it. The style of display used
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57 for any given character is determined by combining the attributes of
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58 all the applicable faces specified for that character. Any attribute
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59 that isn't specified by these faces is taken from the @code{default} face,
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60 whose attributes reflect the default settings of the frame itself.
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61
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62 Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several
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63 commands and menus for specifying faces for text in the buffer.
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64 @xref{Format Faces}, for how to specify the font for text in the
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65 buffer. @xref{Format Colors}, for how to specify the foreground and
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66 background color.
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67
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68 @cindex face colors, setting
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69 @findex set-face-foreground
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70 @findex set-face-background
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71 To alter the appearance of a face, use the customization buffer.
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72 @xref{Face Customization}. You can also use X resources to specify
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73 attributes of particular faces (@pxref{Resources}). Alternatively,
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74 you can change the foreground and background colors of a specific face
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75 with @kbd{M-x set-face-foreground} and @kbd{M-x set-face-background}.
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76 These commands prompt in the minibuffer for a face name and a color
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77 name, with completion, and then set that face to use the specified
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78 color. Changing the colors of the @code{default} face also changes
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79 the foreground and background colors on all frames, both existing and
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80 those to be created in the future. (You can also set foreground and
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81 background colors for the current frame only; see @ref{Frame
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82 Parameters}.)
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83
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84 Emacs 21 can correctly display variable-width fonts, but Emacs
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85 commands that calculate width and indentation do not know how to
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86 calculate variable widths. This can sometimes lead to incorrect
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87 results when you use variable-width fonts. In particular, indentation
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88 commands can give inconsistent results, so we recommend you avoid
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89 variable-width fonts for editing program source code. Filling will
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90 sometimes make lines too long or too short. We plan to address these
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91 issues in future Emacs versions.
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92
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93 @findex list-faces-display
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94 To see what faces are currently defined, and what they look like, type
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95 @kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. It's possible for a given face to look
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96 different in different frames; this command shows the appearance in the
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97 frame in which you type it. Here's a list of the standard defined
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98 faces:
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99
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100 @table @code
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101 @item default
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102 This face is used for ordinary text that doesn't specify any other face.
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103 @item mode-line
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104 This face is used for the mode line of the currently selected window.
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105 By default, it's drawn with shadows for a ``raised'' effect on window
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106 systems, and drawn as the inverse of the default face on non-windowed
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107 terminals. @xref{Display Custom}.
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108 @item mode-line-inactive
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109 Like @code{mode-line}, but used for mode lines of the windows other
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110 than the selected one (if @code{mode-line-in-non-selected-windows} is
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111 non-@code{nil}). This face inherits from @code{mode-line}, so changes
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112 in that face affect mode lines in all windows.
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113 @item header-line
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114 Similar to @code{mode-line} for a window's header line. Most modes
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115 don't use the header line, but the Info mode does.
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116 @item minibuffer-prompt
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117 This face is used for the prompt strings displayed in the minibuffer.
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118 @item highlight
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119 This face is used for highlighting portions of text, in various modes.
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120 For example, mouse-sensitive text is highlighted using this face.
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121 @item isearch
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122 This face is used for highlighting Isearch matches.
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123 @item isearch-lazy-highlight-face
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124 This face is used for lazy highlighting of Isearch matches other than
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125 the current one.
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126 @item region
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127 This face is used for displaying a selected region (when Transient Mark
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128 mode is enabled---see below).
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129 @item secondary-selection
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130 This face is used for displaying a secondary X selection (@pxref{Secondary
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131 Selection}).
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132 @item bold
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133 This face uses a bold variant of the default font, if it has one.
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134 @item italic
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135 This face uses an italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
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136 @item bold-italic
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137 This face uses a bold italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
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138 @item underline
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139 This face underlines text.
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140 @item fixed-pitch
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141 The basic fixed-pitch face.
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142 @item fringe
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143 @cindex fringe
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144 The face for the fringes to the left and right of windows on graphic
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145 displays. (The fringes are the narrow portions of the Emacs frame
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146 between the text area and the window's right and left borders.)
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147 @item scroll-bar
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148 This face determines the visual appearance of the scroll bar.
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149 @item border
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150 This face determines the color of the frame border.
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151 @item cursor
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152 This face determines the color of the cursor.
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153 @item mouse
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154 This face determines the color of the mouse pointer.
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155 @item tool-bar
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156 This is the basic tool-bar face. No text appears in the tool bar, but the
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157 colors of this face affect the appearance of tool bar icons.
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158 @item tooltip
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159 This face is used for tooltips.
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160 @item menu
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161 This face determines the colors and font of Emacs's menus. Setting the
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162 font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not supported; attempts to set
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163 the font are ignored in this case.
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164 @item trailing-whitespace
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165 The face for highlighting trailing whitespace when
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166 @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-@code{nil}; see @ref{Useless
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167 Whitespace}.
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168 @item variable-pitch
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169 The basic variable-pitch face.
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170 @end table
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171
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172 @cindex @code{region} face
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173 When Transient Mark mode is enabled, the text of the region is
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174 highlighted when the mark is active. This uses the face named
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175 @code{region}; you can control the style of highlighting by changing the
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176 style of this face (@pxref{Face Customization}). @xref{Transient Mark},
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177 for more information about Transient Mark mode and activation and
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178 deactivation of the mark.
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179
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180 One easy way to use faces is to turn on Font Lock mode. This minor
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181 mode, which is always local to a particular buffer, arranges to
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182 choose faces according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It
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183 can recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several
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184 languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other
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185 important constructs. @xref{Font Lock}, for more information about
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186 Font Lock mode and syntactic highlighting.
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187
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188 You can print out the buffer with the highlighting that appears
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189 on your screen using the command @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}.
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190 @xref{PostScript}.
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191
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192 @node Font Lock
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193 @section Font Lock mode
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194 @cindex Font Lock mode
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195 @cindex mode, Font Lock
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196 @cindex syntax highlighting and coloring
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197
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198 Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular buffer,
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199 which highlights (or ``fontifies'') using various faces according to
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200 the syntax of the text you are editing. It can recognize comments and
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201 strings in most languages; in several languages, it can also recognize
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202 and properly highlight various other important constructs---for
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203 example, names of functions being defined or reserved keywords.
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204 Some special modes, such as Occur mode and Info mode, have completely
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205 specialized ways of assigning fonts for Font Lock mode.
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206
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207 @findex font-lock-mode
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208 @findex turn-on-font-lock
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209 The command @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode} turns Font Lock mode on or off
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210 according to the argument, and toggles the mode when it has no argument.
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211 The function @code{turn-on-font-lock} unconditionally enables Font Lock
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212 mode. This is useful in mode-hook functions. For example, to enable
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213 Font Lock mode whenever you edit a C file, you can do this:
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214
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215 @example
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216 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
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217 @end example
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218
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219 @findex global-font-lock-mode
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220 @vindex global-font-lock-mode
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221 To turn on Font Lock mode automatically in all modes which support
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222 it, customize the user option @code{global-font-lock-mode} or use the
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223 function @code{global-font-lock-mode} in your @file{.emacs} file, like
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224 this:
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225
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226 @example
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227 (global-font-lock-mode 1)
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228 @end example
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229
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230 Font Lock mode uses several specifically named faces to do its job,
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231 including @code{font-lock-string-face}, @code{font-lock-comment-face},
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232 and others. The easiest way to find them all is to use completion
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233 on the face name in @code{set-face-foreground}.
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234
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235 To change the colors or the fonts used by Font Lock mode to fontify
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236 different parts of text, just change these faces. There are
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237 two ways to do it:
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238
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239 @itemize @bullet
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240 @item
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241 Invoke @kbd{M-x set-face-foreground} or @kbd{M-x set-face-background}
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242 to change the colors of a particular face used by Font Lock.
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243 @xref{Faces}. The command @kbd{M-x list-faces-display} displays all
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244 the faces currently known to Emacs, including those used by Font Lock.
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245
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246 @item
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247 Customize the faces interactively with @kbd{M-x customize-face}, as
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248 described in @ref{Face Customization}.
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249 @end itemize
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250
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251 To get the full benefit of Font Lock mode, you need to choose a
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252 default font which has bold, italic, and bold-italic variants; or else
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253 you need to have a color or gray-scale screen.
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254
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255 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration
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256 The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} specifies the
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257 preferred level of fontification, for modes that provide multiple
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258 levels. Level 1 is the least amount of fontification; some modes
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259 support levels as high as 3. The normal default is ``as high as
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260 possible.'' You can specify an integer, which applies to all modes, or
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261 you can specify different numbers for particular major modes; for
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262 example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level
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263 otherwise, use this:
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264
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265 @example
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266 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration
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267 '((c-mode . 1) (c++-mode . 1)))
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268 @end example
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269
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270 @vindex font-lock-maximum-size
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271 Fontification can be too slow for large buffers, so you can suppress
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272 it. The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-size} specifies a buffer size,
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273 beyond which buffer fontification is suppressed.
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274
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275 @c @w is used below to prevent a bad page-break.
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276 @vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function
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277 @cindex incorrect fontification
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278 @cindex parenthesis in column zero and fontification
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279 @cindex brace in column zero and fontification
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280 Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification)
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281 relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For
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282 the sake of speed, some modes, including C mode and Lisp mode,
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283 rely on a special convention: an open-parenthesis or open-brace in the
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284 leftmost column always defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is
38203
afc3a9e55ac4 Update xref (Defuns -> Left Margin Convention).
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285 thus always outside any string or comment. (@xref{Left Margin
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30a4ce47105b Fix previous change.
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286 Paren}.) If you don't follow this convention, Font Lock mode can
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287 misfontify the text that follows an open-parenthesis or open-brace in
afc3a9e55ac4 Update xref (Defuns -> Left Margin Convention).
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288 the leftmost column that is inside a string or comment.
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289
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290 @cindex slow display during scrolling
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291 The variable @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (always
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292 buffer-local) specifies how Font Lock mode can find a position
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293 guaranteed to be outside any comment or string. In modes which use the
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294 leftmost column parenthesis convention, the default value of the variable
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295 is @code{beginning-of-defun}---that tells Font Lock mode to use the
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296 convention. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, Font Lock no longer
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297 relies on the convention. This avoids incorrect results, but the price
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298 is that, in some cases, fontification for a changed text must rescan
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299 buffer text from the beginning of the buffer. This can considerably
ff26f01b3c8d (Faces): Fix description of terminals which support faces.
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300 slow down redisplay while scrolling, particularly if you are close to
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301 the end of a large buffer.
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302
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303 @findex font-lock-add-keywords
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304 Font Lock highlighting patterns already exist for many modes, but you
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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305 may want to fontify additional patterns. You can use the function
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306 @code{font-lock-add-keywords}, to add your own highlighting patterns for
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307 a particular mode. For example, to highlight @samp{FIXME:} words in C
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308 comments, use this:
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309
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310 @example
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311 (font-lock-add-keywords
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312 'c-mode
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313 '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face t)))
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314 @end example
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315
38923
62061f910492 (Font Lock): Document font-lock-remove-keywords.
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316 @findex font-lock-remove-keywords
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317 To remove keywords from the font-lock highlighting patterns, use the
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8896f8091409 (Font Lock): Add xref for format info on font-lock-remove-keywords.
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parents: 49600
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318 function @code{font-lock-remove-keywords}. @xref{Search-based
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parents: 51792
diff changeset
319 Fontification,,,elisp}, for documentation of the format of this list.
38923
62061f910492 (Font Lock): Document font-lock-remove-keywords.
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parents: 38921
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320
42234
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
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321 @cindex just-in-time (JIT) font-lock
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parents: 41374
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322 @cindex background syntax highlighting
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 41374
diff changeset
323 Fontifying large buffers can take a long time. To avoid large
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 41374
diff changeset
324 delays when a file is visited, Emacs fontifies only the visible
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
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parents: 41374
diff changeset
325 portion of a buffer. As you scroll through the buffer, each portion
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 41374
diff changeset
326 that becomes visible is fontified as soon as it is displayed. The
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 41374
diff changeset
327 parts of the buffer that are not displayed are fontified
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 41374
diff changeset
328 ``stealthily'', in the background, i.e.@: when Emacs is idle. You can
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 41374
diff changeset
329 control this background fontification, called @dfn{Just-In-Time}, or
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
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parents: 41374
diff changeset
330 @dfn{JIT} Font Lock, by customizing various options in the
64fa0eed5865 (Font Lock): Mention jit-lock and its customization group.
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parents: 41374
diff changeset
331 customization group @samp{jit-lock}. @xref{Specific Customization}.
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332
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333 @node Highlight Changes
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334 @section Highlight Changes Mode
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335
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diff changeset
336 @findex highlight-changes-mode
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337 Use @kbd{M-x highlight-changes-mode} to enable a minor mode
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338 that uses faces (colors, typically) to indicate which parts of
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339 the buffer were changed most recently.
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340
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341 @node Highlight Interactively
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342 @section Interactive Highlighting by Matching
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343 @cindex highlighting by matching
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344 @cindex interactive highlighting
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345
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346 It is sometimes useful to highlight the strings that match a certain
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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347 regular expression. For example, you might wish to see all the
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348 references to a certain variable in a program source file, or highlight
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349 certain parts in a voluminous output of some program, or make certain
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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350 cliches stand out in an article.
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351
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352 @findex hi-lock-mode
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353 Use the @kbd{M-x hi-lock-mode} command to turn on a minor mode that
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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354 allows you to specify regular expressions of the text to be
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355 highlighted. Hi-lock mode works like Font Lock (@pxref{Font Lock}),
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diff changeset
356 except that it lets you specify explicitly what parts of text to
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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357 highlight. You control Hi-lock mode with these commands:
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358
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diff changeset
359 @table @kbd
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360 @item C-x w h @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}
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diff changeset
361 @kindex C-x w h
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diff changeset
362 @findex highlight-regexp
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diff changeset
363 Highlight text that matches
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diff changeset
364 @var{regexp} using face @var{face} (@code{highlight-regexp}).
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diff changeset
365 By using this command more than once, you can highlight various
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
366 parts of the text in different ways.
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
367
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
368 @item C-x w r @var{regexp} @key{RET}
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diff changeset
369 @kindex C-x w r
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diff changeset
370 @findex unhighlight-regexp
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diff changeset
371 Unhighlight @var{regexp} (@code{unhighlight-regexp}). You must enter
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
372 one of the regular expressions currently specified for highlighting.
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parents: 38048
diff changeset
373 (You can use completion, or choose from a menu, to enter one of them
36554
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diff changeset
374 conveniently.)
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diff changeset
375
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diff changeset
376 @item C-x w l @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}
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diff changeset
377 @kindex C-x w l
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diff changeset
378 @findex highlight-lines-matching-regexp
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diff changeset
379 @cindex lines, highlighting
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diff changeset
380 @cindex highlighting lines of text
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diff changeset
381 Highlight entire lines containing a match for @var{regexp}, using face
36554
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diff changeset
382 @var{face} (@code{highlight-lines-matching-regexp}).
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diff changeset
383
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
384 @item C-x w b
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diff changeset
385 @kindex C-x w b
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diff changeset
386 @findex hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
387 Insert all the current highlighting regexp/face pairs into the buffer
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
388 at point, with comment delimiters to prevent them from changing your
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
389 program. This key binding runs the
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
390 @code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns} command.
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diff changeset
391
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
392 These patterns will be read the next time you visit the file while
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
393 Hi-lock mode is enabled, or whenever you use the @kbd{M-x
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
394 hi-lock-find-patterns} command.
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
395
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
396 @item C-x w i
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diff changeset
397 @kindex C-x w i
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diff changeset
398 @findex hi-lock-find-patterns
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diff changeset
399 @vindex hi-lock-exclude-modes
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
400 Re-read regexp/face pairs in the current buffer
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diff changeset
401 (@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}). The list of pairs is
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diff changeset
402 found no matter where in the buffer it may be.
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diff changeset
403
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
404 This command does nothing if the major mode is a member of the list
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
405 @code{hi-lock-exclude-modes}.
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diff changeset
406 @end table
9904afd52408 (Faces, Font Lock, Highlight Changes)
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diff changeset
407
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
408 @node Scrolling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
409 @section Scrolling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
410
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
411 If a buffer contains text that is too large to fit entirely within a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
412 window that is displaying the buffer, Emacs shows a contiguous portion of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
413 the text. The portion shown always contains point.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
414
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
415 @cindex scrolling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
416 @dfn{Scrolling} means moving text up or down in the window so that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
417 different parts of the text are visible. Scrolling forward means that text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
418 moves up, and new text appears at the bottom. Scrolling backward moves
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
419 text down and new text appears at the top.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
420
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
421 Scrolling happens automatically if you move point past the bottom or top
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
422 of the window. You can also explicitly request scrolling with the commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
423 in this section.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
424
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
425 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 @item C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
427 Clear screen and redisplay, scrolling the selected window to center
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
428 point vertically within it (@code{recenter}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
429 @item C-v
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
430 Scroll forward (a windowful or a specified number of lines) (@code{scroll-up}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
431 @item @key{NEXT}
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
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diff changeset
432 @itemx @key{PAGEDOWN}
25829
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diff changeset
433 Likewise, scroll forward.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
434 @item M-v
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
435 Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
436 @item @key{PRIOR}
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
437 @itemx @key{PAGEUP}
25829
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diff changeset
438 Likewise, scroll backward.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439 @item @var{arg} C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
440 Scroll so point is on line @var{arg} (@code{recenter}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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441 @item C-M-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 Scroll heuristically to bring useful information onto the screen
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 (@code{reposition-window}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
445
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446 @kindex C-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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447 @findex recenter
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
448 The most basic scrolling command is @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter}) with
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449 no argument. It clears the entire screen and redisplays all windows.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
450 In addition, it scrolls the selected window so that point is halfway
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
451 down from the top of the window.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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452
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
453 @kindex C-v
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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454 @kindex M-v
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455 @kindex NEXT
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 @kindex PRIOR
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
457 @kindex PAGEDOWN
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
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458 @kindex PAGEUP
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
459 @findex scroll-up
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parents:
diff changeset
460 @findex scroll-down
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
461 @vindex next-screen-context-lines
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
462 To read the buffer a windowful at a time, use @kbd{C-v}
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
463 (@code{scroll-up}) with no argument. This scrolls forward by nearly
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
464 the whole window height. The effect is to take the two lines at the
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
465 bottom of the window and put them at the top, followed by nearly a
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
466 whole windowful of lines that were not previously visible. If point
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
467 was in the text that scrolled off the top, it ends up at the new top
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
468 of the window.
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
469
38745
5464ee1ba8e2 Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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470 @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) with no argument scrolls backward in
5464ee1ba8e2 Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38671
diff changeset
471 a similar way, also with overlap. The number of lines of overlap
5464ee1ba8e2 Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38671
diff changeset
472 across a @kbd{C-v} or @kbd{M-v} is controlled by the variable
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
473 @code{next-screen-context-lines}; by default, it is 2. The function
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
474 keys @key{NEXT} and @key{PRIOR}, or @key{PAGEDOWN} and @key{PAGEUP},
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
475 are equivalent to @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
477 The commands @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v} with a numeric argument scroll
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
478 the text in the selected window up or down a few lines. @kbd{C-v}
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
479 with an argument moves the text and point up, together, that many
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
480 lines; it brings the same number of new lines into view at the bottom
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
481 of the window. @kbd{M-v} with numeric argument scrolls the text
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
482 downward, bringing that many new lines into view at the top of the
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
483 window. @kbd{C-v} with a negative argument is like @kbd{M-v} and vice
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
484 versa.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
486 The names of scroll commands are based on the direction that the
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
487 text moves in the window. Thus, the command to scroll forward is
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
488 called @code{scroll-up} because it moves the text upward on the
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
489 screen. The keys @key{PAGEDOWN} and @key{PAGEUP} derive their names
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
490 and customary meanings from a different convention that developed
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
491 elsewhere; hence the strange result that @key{PAGEDOWN} runs
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
492 @code{scroll-up}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 @vindex scroll-preserve-screen-position
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 Some users like the full-screen scroll commands to keep point at the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 same screen line. To enable this behavior, set the variable
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 @code{scroll-preserve-screen-position} to a non-@code{nil} value. This
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 mode is convenient for browsing through a file by scrolling by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 screenfuls; if you come back to the screen where you started, point goes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 back to the line where it started. However, this mode is inconvenient
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 when you move to the next screen in order to move point to the text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 there.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504 Another way to do scrolling is with @kbd{C-l} with a numeric argument.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 @kbd{C-l} does not clear the screen when given an argument; it only scrolls
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506 the selected window. With a positive argument @var{n}, it repositions text
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 to put point @var{n} lines down from the top. An argument of zero puts
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 point on the very top line. Point does not move with respect to the text;
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 rather, the text and point move rigidly on the screen. @kbd{C-l} with a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 negative argument puts point that many lines from the bottom of the window.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 For example, @kbd{C-u - 1 C-l} puts point on the bottom line, and @kbd{C-u
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
512 - 5 C-l} puts it five lines from the bottom. @kbd{C-u C-l} scrolls to put
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
513 point at the center (vertically) of the selected window.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 @kindex C-M-l
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 @findex reposition-window
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 The @kbd{C-M-l} command (@code{reposition-window}) scrolls the current
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 window heuristically in a way designed to get useful information onto
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519 the screen. For example, in a Lisp file, this command tries to get the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 entire current defun onto the screen if possible.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 @vindex scroll-conservatively
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
523 Scrolling happens automatically when point moves out of the visible
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
524 portion of the text. Normally, automatic scrolling centers point
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
525 vertically within the window. However, if you set
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
526 @code{scroll-conservatively} to a small number @var{n}, then if you
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
527 move point just a little off the screen---less than @var{n}
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
528 lines---then Emacs scrolls the text just far enough to bring point
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
529 back on screen. By default, @code{scroll-conservatively} is 0.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530
31126
66e5313fd5bc Document scroll-up-aggressively and scroll-down-aggressively.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31041
diff changeset
531 @cindex aggressive scrolling
66e5313fd5bc Document scroll-up-aggressively and scroll-down-aggressively.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31041
diff changeset
532 @vindex scroll-up-aggressively
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48534
diff changeset
533 @vindex scroll-down-aggressively
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
534 When the window does scroll by a longer distance, you can control
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
535 how aggressively it scrolls, by setting the variables
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
536 @code{scroll-up-aggressively} and @code{scroll-down-aggressively}.
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
537 The value of @code{scroll-up-aggressively} should be either
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
538 @code{nil}, or a fraction @var{f} between 0 and 1. A fraction
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
539 specifies where on the screen to put point when scrolling upward.
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
540 More precisely, when a window scrolls up because point is above the
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
541 window start, the new start position is chosen to put point @var{f}
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
542 part of the window height from the top. The larger @var{f}, the more
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
543 aggressive the scrolling.
31126
66e5313fd5bc Document scroll-up-aggressively and scroll-down-aggressively.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31041
diff changeset
544
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
545 @code{nil}, which is the default, scrolls to put point at the center.
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
546 So it is equivalent to .5.
31126
66e5313fd5bc Document scroll-up-aggressively and scroll-down-aggressively.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31041
diff changeset
547
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
548 Likewise, @code{scroll-down-aggressively} is used for scrolling
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
549 down. The value, @var{f}, specifies how far point should be placed
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
550 from the bottom of the window; thus, as with
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
551 @code{scroll-up-aggressively}, a larger value is more aggressive.
31126
66e5313fd5bc Document scroll-up-aggressively and scroll-down-aggressively.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31041
diff changeset
552
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 @vindex scroll-margin
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554 The variable @code{scroll-margin} restricts how close point can come
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 to the top or bottom of a window. Its value is a number of screen
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 lines; if point comes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 window, Emacs recenters the window. By default, @code{scroll-margin} is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 0.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 @node Horizontal Scrolling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 @section Horizontal Scrolling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562 @cindex horizontal scrolling
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 @dfn{Horizontal scrolling} means shifting all the lines sideways
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
565 within a window---so that some of the text near the left margin is not
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
566 displayed at all. Emacs does this automatically in any window that
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
567 uses line truncation rather than continuation: whenever point moves
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
568 off the left or right edge of the screen, Emacs scrolls the buffer
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
569 horizontally to make point visible.
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
570
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
571 When a window has been scrolled horizontally, text lines are truncated
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
572 rather than continued (@pxref{Continuation Lines}), with a @samp{$}
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
573 appearing in the first column when there is text truncated to the left,
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
574 and in the last column when there is text truncated to the right.
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
575
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
576 You can use these commands to do explicit horizontal scrolling.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 @item C-x <
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 Scroll text in current window to the left (@code{scroll-left}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581 @item C-x >
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 Scroll to the right (@code{scroll-right}).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
583 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
585 @kindex C-x <
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
586 @kindex C-x >
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 @findex scroll-left
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588 @findex scroll-right
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
589 The command @kbd{C-x <} (@code{scroll-left}) scrolls the selected
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 window to the left by @var{n} columns with argument @var{n}. This moves
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
591 part of the beginning of each line off the left edge of the window.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592 With no argument, it scrolls by almost the full width of the window (two
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593 columns less, to be precise).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 @kbd{C-x >} (@code{scroll-right}) scrolls similarly to the right. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 window cannot be scrolled any farther to the right once it is displayed
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 normally (with each line starting at the window's left margin);
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 attempting to do so has no effect. This means that you don't have to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599 calculate the argument precisely for @w{@kbd{C-x >}}; any sufficiently large
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 argument will restore the normal display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
602 If you scroll a window horizontally by hand, that sets a lower bound
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
603 for automatic horizontal scrolling. Automatic scrolling will continue
37175
77eb105adefa Fix a typo forther -> farther.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 37123
diff changeset
604 to scroll the window, but never farther to the right than the amount
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
605 you previously set by @code{scroll-left}.
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
606
43664
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
607 @vindex hscroll-margin
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
608 The value of the variable @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
609 to the window's edges point is allowed to get before the window will
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
610 be automatically scrolled. It is measured in columns. If the value
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
611 is 5, then moving point within 5 columns of the edge causes horizontal
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
612 scrolling away from that edge.
43355
60d8b3e0e785 (Horizontal Scrolling): Document automatic-hscroll-margin and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43289
diff changeset
613
43664
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
614 @vindex hscroll-step
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
615 The variable @code{hscroll-step} determines how many columns to
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
616 scroll the window when point gets too close to the edge. If it's
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
617 zero, horizontal scrolling centers point horizontally within the
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
618 window. If it's a positive integer, it specifies the number of
43386
250dde622cec Minor rewrites.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43355
diff changeset
619 columns to scroll by. If it's a floating-point number, it specifies
250dde622cec Minor rewrites.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43355
diff changeset
620 the fraction of the window's width to scroll by. The default is zero.
43355
60d8b3e0e785 (Horizontal Scrolling): Document automatic-hscroll-margin and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43289
diff changeset
621
43664
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
622 @vindex auto-hscroll-mode
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
623 To disable automatic horizontal scrolling, set the variable
43664
e2407682df3e (Horizontal Scrolling): Rename automatic-hscrolling, automatic-hscroll-step
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43386
diff changeset
624 @code{auto-hscroll-mode} to @code{nil}.
34749
3a0a4c2b6633 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 33744
diff changeset
625
45877
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
626 @node Fringes
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
627 @section Window Fringes
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
628 @cindex fringes
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parents: 43664
diff changeset
629
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
630 On a graphical display, each Emacs window normally has narrow
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
631 @dfn{fringes} on the left and right edges. The fringes display
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
632 indications about the text in the window.
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
633
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
634 The most common use of the fringes is to indicate a continuation
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
635 line, when one line of text is split into multiple lines on the
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
636 screen. The left fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
637 except the first, indicating that ``this is not the real beginning.''
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
638 The right fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line except the
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
639 last, indicating that ``this is not the real end.''
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
640
45889
0d2a977d3d32 (Fringes): Fix a typo. Mention the fact that arrows on the fringes are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 45883
diff changeset
641 The fringes indicate line truncation with short horizontal arrows
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
642 meaning ``there's more text on this line which is scrolled
45889
0d2a977d3d32 (Fringes): Fix a typo. Mention the fact that arrows on the fringes are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 45883
diff changeset
643 horizontally out of view;'' clicking the mouse on one of the arrows
0d2a977d3d32 (Fringes): Fix a typo. Mention the fact that arrows on the fringes are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 45883
diff changeset
644 scrolls the display horizontally in the direction of the arrow. The
0d2a977d3d32 (Fringes): Fix a typo. Mention the fact that arrows on the fringes are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 45883
diff changeset
645 fringes also indicate other things such as empty lines, or where a
0d2a977d3d32 (Fringes): Fix a typo. Mention the fact that arrows on the fringes are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 45883
diff changeset
646 program you are debugging is executing (@pxref{Debuggers}).
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
647
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
648 @findex set-fringe-style
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
649 @findex fringe-mode
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
650 You can enable and disable the fringes for all frames using
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
651 @kbd{M-x fringe-mode}. To enable and disable the fringes
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
652 for the selected frame, use @kbd{M-x set-fringe-style}.
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
653
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
654 @node Useless Whitespace
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
655 @section Useless Whitespace
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
656
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
657 @cindex trailing whitespace
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
658 @cindex whitespace, trailing
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
659 @vindex show-trailing-whitespace
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
660 It is easy to leave unnecessary spaces at the end of a line, or
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
661 empty lines at the end of a file, without realizing it. In most
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
662 cases, this @dfn{trailing whitespace} has no effect, but there are
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
663 special circumstances where it matters.
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
664
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
665 You can make trailing whitespace at the end of a line visible on the
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
666 screen by setting the buffer-local variable
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
667 @code{show-trailing-whitespace} to @code{t}. Then Emacs displays
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
668 trailing whitespace in the face @code{trailing-whitespace}.
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
669
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
670 This feature does not apply when point is at the end of the line
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
671 containing the whitespace. Strictly speaking, that is ``trailing
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
672 whitespace'' nonetheless, but displaying it specially in that case
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
673 looks ugly while you are typing in new text. In this special case,
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
674 the location of point is enough to show you that the spaces are
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
675 present.
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
676
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
677 @findex delete-trailing-whitespace
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
678 To delete all trailing whitespace within the current buffer's
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
679 accessible portion (@pxref{Narrowing}), type @kbd{M-x
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
680 delete-trailing-whitespace @key{RET}}. (This command does not remove
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
681 the form-feed characters.)
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
682
48534
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
683 @vindex indicate-unused-lines
45877
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
684 @vindex default-indicate-empty-lines
48534
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
685 @cindex unused lines
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
686 @cindex fringes, and unused line indication
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
687 Emacs can indicate unused lines at the end of the window with a
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
688 small image in the left fringe (@pxref{Fringes}). The image appears
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
689 for window lines that do not correspond to any buffer text. Blank
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
690 lines at the end of the buffer then stand out because they do not have
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
691 this image in the fringe.
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
692
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
693 To enable this feature, set the buffer-local variable
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
694 @code{indicate-unused-lines} to a non-@code{nil} value. The default
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
695 value of this variable is controlled by the variable
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
696 @code{default-indicate-unused-lines}; by setting that variable, you
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
697 can enable or disable this feature for all new buffers. (This feature
4128ae2ce141 indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 47071
diff changeset
698 currently doesn't work on character terminals.)
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
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diff changeset
699
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 @node Follow Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 @section Follow Mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 @cindex Follow mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 @cindex mode, Follow
36246
fd61c05ce91c Add index entries for Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36245
diff changeset
704 @findex follow-mode
fd61c05ce91c Add index entries for Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36245
diff changeset
705 @cindex windows, synchronizing
fd61c05ce91c Add index entries for Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36245
diff changeset
706 @cindex synchronizing windows
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 @dfn{Follow mode} is a minor mode that makes two windows showing the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 same buffer scroll as one tall ``virtual window.'' To use Follow mode,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 go to a frame with just one window, split it into two side-by-side
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 windows using @kbd{C-x 3}, and then type @kbd{M-x follow-mode}. From
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 then on, you can edit the buffer in either of the two windows, or scroll
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 either one; the other window follows it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714
36245
88b40e620f22 Clarify Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36181
diff changeset
715 In Follow mode, if you move point outside the portion visible in one
88b40e620f22 Clarify Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36181
diff changeset
716 window and into the portion visible in the other window, that selects
88b40e620f22 Clarify Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36181
diff changeset
717 the other window---again, treating the two as if they were parts of
88b40e620f22 Clarify Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36181
diff changeset
718 one large window.
88b40e620f22 Clarify Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36181
diff changeset
719
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 To turn off Follow mode, type @kbd{M-x follow-mode} a second time.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 @node Selective Display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723 @section Selective Display
36263
11db0318031d Remove redundant index entries.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36260
diff changeset
724 @cindex selective display
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 @findex set-selective-display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 @kindex C-x $
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 Emacs has the ability to hide lines indented more than a certain number
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 of columns (you specify how many columns). You can use this to get an
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 overview of a part of a program.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 To hide lines, type @kbd{C-x $} (@code{set-selective-display}) with a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 numeric argument @var{n}. Then lines with at least @var{n} columns of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 indentation disappear from the screen. The only indication of their
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 presence is that three dots (@samp{@dots{}}) appear at the end of each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 visible line that is followed by one or more hidden ones.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 The commands @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} move across the hidden lines as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 if they were not there.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 The hidden lines are still present in the buffer, and most editing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 commands see them as usual, so you may find point in the middle of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 hidden text. When this happens, the cursor appears at the end of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 previous line, after the three dots. If point is at the end of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 visible line, before the newline that ends it, the cursor appears before
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 the three dots.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
747
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
748 To make all lines visible again, type @kbd{C-x $} with no argument.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750 @vindex selective-display-ellipses
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 If you set the variable @code{selective-display-ellipses} to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 @code{nil}, the three dots do not appear at the end of a line that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 precedes hidden lines. Then there is no visible indication of the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 hidden lines. This variable becomes local automatically when set.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 @node Optional Mode Line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 @section Optional Mode Line Features
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
759 @cindex line number display
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
760 @cindex display of line number
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 @findex line-number-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 The current line number of point appears in the mode line when Line
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 Number mode is enabled. Use the command @kbd{M-x line-number-mode} to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 turn this mode on and off; normally it is on. The line number appears
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765 before the buffer percentage @var{pos}, with the letter @samp{L} to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 indicate what it is. @xref{Minor Modes}, for more information about
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 minor modes and about how to use this command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768
38121
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
769 @cindex narrowing, and line number display
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
770 If you have narrowed the buffer (@pxref{Narrowing}), the displayed
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
771 line number is relative to the accessible portion of the buffer.
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
772
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 @vindex line-number-display-limit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 If the buffer is very large (larger than the value of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 @code{line-number-display-limit}), then the line number doesn't appear.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 Emacs doesn't compute the line number when the buffer is large, because
38121
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
777 that would be too slow. Set it to @code{nil} to remove the limit.
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
778
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
779 @vindex line-number-display-limit-width
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
780 Line-number computation can also be slow if the lines in the buffer
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
781 are too long. For this reason, Emacs normally doesn't display line
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
782 numbers if the average width, in characters, of lines near point is
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
783 larger than the value of the variable
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
784 @code{line-number-display-limit-width}. The default value is 200
82d39521a482 (Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38115
diff changeset
785 characters.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 @cindex Column Number mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 @cindex mode, Column Number
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 @findex column-number-mode
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 You can also display the current column number by turning on Column
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 Number mode. It displays the current column number preceded by the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 letter @samp{C}. Type @kbd{M-x column-number-mode} to toggle this mode.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 @findex display-time
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 @cindex time (on mode line)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 Emacs can optionally display the time and system load in all mode
30870
4f58e2bbcb08 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29841
diff changeset
797 lines. To enable this feature, type @kbd{M-x display-time} or customize
4f58e2bbcb08 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29841
diff changeset
798 the option @code{display-time-mode}. The information added to the mode
4f58e2bbcb08 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29841
diff changeset
799 line usually appears after the buffer name, before the mode names and
4f58e2bbcb08 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 29841
diff changeset
800 their parentheses. It looks like this:
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 @example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 @var{hh}:@var{mm}pm @var{l.ll}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 @end example
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 @noindent
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 @vindex display-time-24hr-format
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 Here @var{hh} and @var{mm} are the hour and minute, followed always by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 @samp{am} or @samp{pm}. @var{l.ll} is the average number of running
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 processes in the whole system recently. (Some fields may be missing if
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 your operating system cannot support them.) If you prefer time display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 in 24-hour format, set the variable @code{display-time-24hr-format}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 to @code{t}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 @cindex mail (on mode line)
28800
d10b6cddbf91 display-time-use-mail-icon
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27219
diff changeset
816 @vindex display-time-use-mail-icon
d10b6cddbf91 display-time-use-mail-icon
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27219
diff changeset
817 @vindex display-time-mail-face
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
818 @vindex display-time-mail-file
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
819 @vindex display-time-mail-directory
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 The word @samp{Mail} appears after the load level if there is mail
28800
d10b6cddbf91 display-time-use-mail-icon
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27219
diff changeset
821 for you that you have not read yet. On a graphical display you can use
d10b6cddbf91 display-time-use-mail-icon
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27219
diff changeset
822 an icon instead of @samp{Mail} by customizing
d10b6cddbf91 display-time-use-mail-icon
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27219
diff changeset
823 @code{display-time-use-mail-icon}; this may save some space on the mode
d10b6cddbf91 display-time-use-mail-icon
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27219
diff changeset
824 line. You can customize @code{display-time-mail-face} to make the mail
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
825 indicator prominent. Use @code{display-time-mail-file} to specify
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
826 the mail file to check, or set @code{display-time-mail-directory}
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
827 to specify the directory to check for incoming mail (any nonempty regular
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
828 file in the directory is considered as ``newly arrived mail'').
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829
39267
a8c0a02f6129 Spelling corrections.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 39162
diff changeset
830 @cindex mode line, 3D appearance
35433
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
831 @cindex attributes of mode line, changing
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
832 @cindex non-integral number of lines in a window
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
833 By default, the mode line is drawn on graphics displays with
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
834 3D-style highlighting, like that of a button when it is not being
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
835 pressed. If you don't like this effect, you can disable the 3D
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
836 highlighting of the mode line, by customizing the attributes of the
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
837 @code{mode-line} face in your @file{.emacs} init file, like this:
35433
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
838
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
839 @example
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
840 (set-face-attribute 'mode-line nil :box nil)
35433
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
841 @end example
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
842
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
843 @noindent
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
844 Alternatively, you can turn off the box attribute in your
35433
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
845 @file{.Xdefaults} file:
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
846
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
847 @example
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
848 Emacs.mode-line.AttributeBox: off
35433
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
849 @end example
1777865bdb98 (Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34749
diff changeset
850
43260
59e700c2760c (Faces): Document the mode-line-inactive face.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43101
diff changeset
851 @cindex non-selected windows, mode line appearance
43289
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
852 By default, the mode line of nonselected windows is displayed in a
43283
1124d2e7429a mode-line-in-non-selected-windows is now a boolean.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 43260
diff changeset
853 different face, called @code{mode-line-inactive}. Only the selected
43289
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
854 window is displayed in the @code{mode-line} face. This helps show
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
855 which window is selected. When the minibuffer is selected, since
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
856 it has no mode line, the window from which you activated the minibuffer
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
857 has its mode line displayed using @code{mode-line}; as a result,
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
858 ordinary entry to the minibuffer does not change any mode lines.
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
859
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
860 @vindex mode-line-in-non-selected-windows
0c1cdf6e7ef1 Minor clarifications.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43283
diff changeset
861 You can disable use of @code{mode-line-inactive} by setting variable
43283
1124d2e7429a mode-line-in-non-selected-windows is now a boolean.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 43260
diff changeset
862 @code{mode-line-in-non-selected-windows} to @code{nil}; then all mode
1124d2e7429a mode-line-in-non-selected-windows is now a boolean.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents: 43260
diff changeset
863 lines are displayed in the @code{mode-line} face.
43260
59e700c2760c (Faces): Document the mode-line-inactive face.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 43101
diff changeset
864
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 @node Text Display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 @section How Text Is Displayed
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 @cindex characters (in text)
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 ASCII printing characters (octal codes 040 through 0176) in Emacs
38048
bd45e6c57fba Proofreading fixes from Danny Colascione <qtmstr@optonline.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37485
diff changeset
870 buffers are displayed with their graphics, as are non-ASCII multibyte
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 printing characters (octal codes above 0400).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873 Some ASCII control characters are displayed in special ways. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 newline character (octal code 012) is displayed by starting a new line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 The tab character (octal code 011) is displayed by moving to the next
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 tab stop column (normally every 8 columns).
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 Other ASCII control characters are normally displayed as a caret
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879 (@samp{^}) followed by the non-control version of the character; thus,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 control-A is displayed as @samp{^A}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881
33744
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
882 Non-ASCII characters 0200 through 0237 (octal) are displayed with
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
883 octal escape sequences; thus, character code 0230 (octal) is displayed
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
884 as @samp{\230}. The display of character codes 0240 through 0377
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
885 (octal) may be either as escape sequences or as graphics. They do not
38115
c75a19b1930f Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38048
diff changeset
886 normally occur in multibyte buffers, but if they do, they are displayed
33744
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
887 as Latin-1 graphics. In unibyte mode, if you enable European display
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
888 they are displayed using their graphics (assuming your terminal supports
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
889 them), otherwise as escape sequences. @xref{Single-Byte Character
67204e92850a Tweak non-ASCII display.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 33730
diff changeset
890 Support}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
892 @node Display Custom
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
893 @section Customization of Display
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 This section contains information for customization only. Beginning
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 users should skip it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @vindex mode-line-inverse-video
33730
055f3e6bf32c (Display Vars): Note that `mode-line-inverse-video' is deprecated.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32624
diff changeset
899 The variable @code{mode-line-inverse-video} is an obsolete way of
055f3e6bf32c (Display Vars): Note that `mode-line-inverse-video' is deprecated.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32624
diff changeset
900 controlling whether the mode line is displayed in inverse video; the
055f3e6bf32c (Display Vars): Note that `mode-line-inverse-video' is deprecated.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 32624
diff changeset
901 preferred way of doing this is to change the @code{mode-line} face.
38832
ce6b6f1fd86f Correct description of `mode-line-inverse-video'.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 38814
diff changeset
902 @xref{Mode Line}. However, if @code{mode-line-inverse-video} has a
ce6b6f1fd86f Correct description of `mode-line-inverse-video'.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 38814
diff changeset
903 value of @code{nil}, then the @code{mode-line} face will be ignored,
ce6b6f1fd86f Correct description of `mode-line-inverse-video'.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 38814
diff changeset
904 and mode-lines will be drawn using the default text face.
ce6b6f1fd86f Correct description of `mode-line-inverse-video'.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 38814
diff changeset
905 @xref{Faces}.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 @vindex inverse-video
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 If the variable @code{inverse-video} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs attempts
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 to invert all the lines of the display from what they normally are.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @vindex visible-bell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912 If the variable @code{visible-bell} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs attempts
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 to make the whole screen blink when it would normally make an audible bell
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 sound. This variable has no effect if your terminal does not have a way
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 to make the screen blink.@refill
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 @vindex no-redraw-on-reenter
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 When you reenter Emacs after suspending, Emacs normally clears the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 screen and redraws the entire display. On some terminals with more than
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920 one page of memory, it is possible to arrange the termcap entry so that
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 the @samp{ti} and @samp{te} strings (output to the terminal when Emacs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922 is entered and exited, respectively) switch between pages of memory so
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 as to use one page for Emacs and another page for other output. Then
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 you might want to set the variable @code{no-redraw-on-reenter}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 non-@code{nil}; this tells Emacs to assume, when resumed, that the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 screen page it is using still contains what Emacs last wrote there.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 @vindex echo-keystrokes
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 The variable @code{echo-keystrokes} controls the echoing of multi-character
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 keys; its value is the number of seconds of pause required to cause echoing
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 to start, or zero meaning don't echo at all. @xref{Echo Area}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 @vindex ctl-arrow
38048
bd45e6c57fba Proofreading fixes from Danny Colascione <qtmstr@optonline.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37485
diff changeset
934 If the variable @code{ctl-arrow} is @code{nil}, all control characters in
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 the buffer are displayed with octal escape sequences, except for newline
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 and tab. Altering the value of @code{ctl-arrow} makes it local to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 current buffer; until that time, the default value is in effect. The
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 default is initially @code{t}. @xref{Display Tables,, Display Tables,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 @vindex tab-width
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 Normally, a tab character in the buffer is displayed as whitespace which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 extends to the next display tab stop position, and display tab stops come
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 at intervals equal to eight spaces. The number of spaces per tab is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 controlled by the variable @code{tab-width}, which is made local by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 changing it, just like @code{ctl-arrow}. Note that how the tab character
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 in the buffer is displayed has nothing to do with the definition of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948 @key{TAB} as a command. The variable @code{tab-width} must have an
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 integer value between 1 and 1000, inclusive.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 @c @vindex truncate-lines @c No index entry here, because we have one
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 @c in the continuation section.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 If the variable @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil}, then each
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 line of text gets just one screen line for display; if the text line is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 too long, display shows only the part that fits. If
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 @code{truncate-lines} is @code{nil}, then long text lines display as
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 more than one screen line, enough to show the whole text of the line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 @xref{Continuation Lines}. Altering the value of @code{truncate-lines}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 makes it local to the current buffer; until that time, the default value
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 is in effect. The default is initially @code{nil}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 @c @vindex truncate-partial-width-windows @c Idx entry is in Split Windows.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
964 non-@code{nil}, it forces truncation rather than continuation in any
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
965 window less than the full width of the screen or frame, regardless of
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966 the value of @code{truncate-lines}. For information about side-by-side
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 windows, see @ref{Split Window}. See also @ref{Display,, Display,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 @vindex baud-rate
36151
8597da1b1ab7 Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36150
diff changeset
971 The variable @code{baud-rate} holds the output speed of the
8597da1b1ab7 Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36150
diff changeset
972 terminal, as far as Emacs knows. Setting this variable does not
8597da1b1ab7 Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36150
diff changeset
973 change the speed of actual data transmission, but the value is used
8597da1b1ab7 Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36150
diff changeset
974 for calculations. On terminals, it affects padding, and decisions
8597da1b1ab7 Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36150
diff changeset
975 about whether to scroll part of the screen or redraw it instead.
37123
2ddb60a19f54 baud-rate affects incremental search.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36845
diff changeset
976 It also affects the behavior of incremental search.
32624
cc6228b81571 (Display Vars): Fix description of the role of
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 31188
diff changeset
977
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
978 On window-systems, @code{baud-rate} is only used to determine how
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
979 frequently to look for pending input during display updating. A
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
980 higher value of @code{baud-rate} means that check for pending input
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
981 will be done less frequently.
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 You can customize the way any particular character code is displayed
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 by means of a display table. @xref{Display Tables,, Display Tables,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
986
36260
0d7feed66bac busy-cursor -> hourglass.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36246
diff changeset
987 @cindex hourglass pointer display
0d7feed66bac busy-cursor -> hourglass.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36246
diff changeset
988 @vindex hourglass-delay
36156
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
989 On a window system, Emacs can optionally display the mouse pointer
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
990 in a special shape to say that Emacs is busy. To turn this feature on
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
991 or off, customize the group @code{cursor}. You can also control the
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
992 amount of time Emacs must remain busy before the busy indicator is
36260
0d7feed66bac busy-cursor -> hourglass.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36246
diff changeset
993 displayed, by setting the variable @code{hourglass-delay}.
36156
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
994
39162
af44a4698df4 Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38939
diff changeset
995 @findex tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors
af44a4698df4 Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38939
diff changeset
996 On some text-only terminals, bold face and inverse video together
af44a4698df4 Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38939
diff changeset
997 result in text that is hard to read. Call the function
af44a4698df4 Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38939
diff changeset
998 @code{tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors} with a non-@code{nil}
af44a4698df4 Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38939
diff changeset
999 argument to suppress the effect of bold-face in this case.
af44a4698df4 Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38939
diff changeset
1000
36156
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
1001 @node Cursor Display
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
1002 @section Displaying the Cursor
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
1003
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
1004 @findex blink-cursor-mode
47064
3fc21f1b20f0 Describe blink-cursor-alist.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 46036
diff changeset
1005 @vindex blink-cursor-alist
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
1006 @cindex cursor, locating visually
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
1007 @cindex cursor, blinking
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1008 You can customize the cursor's color, and whether it blinks, using
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1009 the @code{cursor} Custom group (@pxref{Easy Customization}). On
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1010 graphical terminals, the command @kbd{M-x blink-cursor-mode} enables
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1011 or disables the blinking of the cursor. (On text terminals, the
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1012 terminal itself blinks the cursor, and Emacs has no control over it.)
47071
695d2a421704 @cindex{...} -> @code{...}
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 47064
diff changeset
1013 You can control how the cursor appears when it blinks off by setting
695d2a421704 @cindex{...} -> @code{...}
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 47064
diff changeset
1014 the variable @code{blink-cursor-alist}.
36150
46e59561af4c Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35433
diff changeset
1015
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1016 @cindex cursor in non-selected windows
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1017 @vindex cursor-in-non-selected-windows
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1018 Normally, the cursor appears in non-selected windows in the ``off''
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1019 state, with the same appearance as when the blinking cursor blinks
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1020 ``off''. For a box cursor, this is a hollow box; for a bar cursor,
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1021 this is a thinner bar. To turn off cursors in non-selected windows,
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1022 customize the option @code{cursor-in-non-selected-windows} and assign
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1023 it a @code{nil} value.
36156
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
1024
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
1025 @vindex x-stretch-cursor
3a9de976b35c Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36151
diff changeset
1026 @cindex wide block cursor
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1027 On graphical terminals, Emacs can optionally draw the block cursor
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1028 as wide as the character under the cursor---for example, if the cursor
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1029 is on a tab character, it would cover the full width occupied by that
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1030 tab character. To enable this feature, set the variable
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1031 @code{x-stretch-cursor} to a non-@code{nil} value.
36181
d10f042c719f Document cursor-in-non-selected-windows.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36157
diff changeset
1032
45877
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1033 @findex hl-line-mode
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1034 @findex global-hl-line-mode
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1035 @cindex highlight current line
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1036 If you find it hard to see the cursor, you might like HL Line mode,
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1037 a minor mode that highlights the line containing point. Use @kbd{M-x
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1038 hl-line-mode} to enable or disable it in the current buffer. @kbd{M-x
74f67ed375f0 Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 43664
diff changeset
1039 global-hl-line-mode} enables or disables the same mode globally.