annotate man/emacs.texi @ 70354:aefe5cadbedc

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author Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
date Wed, 03 May 2006 23:12:06 +0000
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children 41a116d81353 d9f8d2a65d18 2ecafc6d5db7
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1 \input texinfo
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2
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3 @setfilename ../info/emacs
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs Manual
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5
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6 @c The edition number appears in several places in this file
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7 @set EDITION Fourteenth
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8 @set EMACSVER 22.0.50
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9
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10 @copying
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11 This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},
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12 updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
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13
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14 Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997,
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15 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software
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16 Foundation, Inc.
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17
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18 @quotation
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19 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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20 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
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21 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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22 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
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23 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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24 Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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25 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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26 License.''
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27
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28 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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29 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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30 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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31 @end quotation
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32 @end copying
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33
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34 @dircategory Emacs
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35 @direntry
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36 * Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
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37 @end direntry
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38
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39 @c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
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40 @c copy of this manual that will be published. the manual should go
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41 @c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size.
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42
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43 @smallbook
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44
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45 @setchapternewpage odd
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46 @defcodeindex op
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47 @synindex pg cp
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48
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49 @iftex
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50 @kbdinputstyle code
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51
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52 @shorttitlepage GNU Emacs Manual
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53 @end iftex
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54
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55 @titlepage
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56 @sp 6
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57 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Manual}
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58 @sp 4
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59 @center @value{EDITION} Edition, Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}.
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60 @sp 5
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61 @center Richard Stallman
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62 @page
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63 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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64 @insertcopying
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65
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66 @sp 2
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67 ISBN 1-882114-06-X @*
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68 Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
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69 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor @*
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70 Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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71
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72 @sp 2
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73 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
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74
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75 @end titlepage
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76
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77
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78 @summarycontents
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79 @contents
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80
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81
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82 @ifnottex
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83 @node Top, Distrib, (dir), (dir)
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84 @top The Emacs Editor
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85
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86 Emacs is the extensible, customizable, self-documenting real-time
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87 display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
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88 some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
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89 @value{EMACSVER}.
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90
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91 @ifinfo
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92 To learn more about the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h}, and
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93 Emacs will take you to a programmed instruction sequence for the Info
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94 commands.
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95 @end ifinfo
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96
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97 For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
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98 Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
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99 @end ifnottex
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100
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101 @ignore
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102 These subcategories have been deleted for simplicity
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103 and to avoid conflicts.
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104 Completion
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105 Backup Files
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106 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters
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107 Snapshots
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108 Text Mode
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109 Outline Mode
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110 @TeX{} Mode
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111 Formatted Text
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112 Shell Command History
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113
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114 The ones for Dired and Rmail have had the items turned into :: items
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115 to avoid conflicts.
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116 Also Running Shell Commands from Emacs
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117 and Sending Mail and Registers and Minibuffer.
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118 @end ignore
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119
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120 @menu
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121 * Distrib:: How to get the latest Emacs distribution.
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122 * Copying:: The GNU General Public License gives you permission
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123 to redistribute GNU Emacs on certain terms;
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124 it also explains that there is no warranty.
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125 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
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126 * Intro:: An introduction to Emacs concepts.
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127 * Glossary:: The glossary.
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128 * Antinews:: Information about Emacs version 21.
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129 * Mac OS:: Using Emacs in the Mac.
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130 * Emacs and Microsoft Windows:: Using Emacs on Microsoft Windows.
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131 * Manifesto:: What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
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132 * Acknowledgments:: Major contributors to GNU Emacs.
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133
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134 Indexes (nodes containing large menus)
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135 * Key Index:: An item for each standard Emacs key sequence.
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136 * Option Index:: An item for every command-line option.
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137 * Command Index:: An item for each command name.
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138 * Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
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139 * Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
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140
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141 Important General Concepts
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142 * Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
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143 * User Input:: Kinds of input events (characters, buttons,
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144 function keys).
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145 * Keys:: Key sequences: what you type to request one
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146 editing action.
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147 * Commands:: Named functions run by key sequences to do editing.
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148 * Text Characters:: Character set for text (the contents of buffers
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149 and strings).
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150 * Entering Emacs:: Starting Emacs from the shell.
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151 * Exiting:: Stopping or killing Emacs.
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152 * Emacs Invocation:: Hairy startup options.
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153
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154 Fundamental Editing Commands
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155 * Basic:: The most basic editing commands.
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156 * Minibuffer:: Entering arguments that are prompted for.
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157 * M-x:: Invoking commands by their names.
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158 * Help:: Commands for asking Emacs about its commands.
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159
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160 Important Text-Changing Commands
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161 * Mark:: The mark: how to delimit a ``region'' of text.
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162 * Killing:: Killing (cutting) text.
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163 * Yanking:: Recovering killed text. Moving text. (Pasting.)
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164 * Accumulating Text:: Other ways of copying text.
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165 * Rectangles:: Operating on the text inside a rectangle on the screen.
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166 * Registers:: Saving a text string or a location in the buffer.
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167 * Display:: Controlling what text is displayed.
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168 * Search:: Finding or replacing occurrences of a string.
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169 * Fixit:: Commands especially useful for fixing typos.
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170 * Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of
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171 keystrokes to be replayed with a single command.
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172
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173 Major Structures of Emacs
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174 * Files:: All about handling files.
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175 * Buffers:: Multiple buffers; editing several files at once.
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176 * Windows:: Viewing two pieces of text at once.
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177 * Frames:: Running the same Emacs session in multiple X windows.
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178 * International:: Using non-@acronym{ASCII} character sets (the MULE features).
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179
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180 Advanced Features
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181 * Major Modes:: Text mode vs. Lisp mode vs. C mode ...
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182 * Indentation:: Editing the white space at the beginnings of lines.
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183 * Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
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184 * Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
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185 * Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
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186 * Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs.
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187 * Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
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188 the number of characters you must type.
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189 * Sending Mail:: Sending mail in Emacs.
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190 * Rmail:: Reading mail in Emacs.
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191 * Dired:: You can ``edit'' a directory to manage files in it.
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192 * Calendar/Diary:: The calendar and diary facilities.
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193 * Gnus:: How to read netnews with Emacs.
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194 * Shell:: Executing shell commands from Emacs.
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195 * Emacs Server:: Using Emacs as an editing server for @code{mail}, etc.
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196 * Printing:: Printing hardcopies of buffers or regions.
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197 * Sorting:: Sorting lines, paragraphs or pages within Emacs.
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198 * Narrowing:: Restricting display and editing to a portion
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199 of the buffer.
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200 * Diff Mode:: Editing diff output.
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201 * Two-Column:: Splitting apart columns to edit them
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202 in side-by-side windows.
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203 * Editing Binary Files::Using Hexl mode to edit binary files.
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204 * Saving Emacs Sessions:: Saving Emacs state from one session to the next.
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205 * Recursive Edit:: A command can allow you to do editing
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206 "within the command". This is called a
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207 "recursive editing level".
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208 * Emulation:: Emulating some other editors with Emacs.
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209 * Hyperlinking:: Following links in buffers.
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210 * Thumbnails:: Browsing images using thumbnails.
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211 * Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
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212 * Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
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213 * Customization:: Modifying the behavior of Emacs.
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214 * X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs.
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215
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216 Recovery from Problems
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217 * Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
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218 * Lossage:: What to do if Emacs is hung or malfunctioning.
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219 * Bugs:: How and when to report a bug.
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220 * Contributing:: How to contribute improvements to Emacs.
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221 * Service:: How to get help for your own Emacs needs.
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222
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223 Detailed Node Listing
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224 ---------------------
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225
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226 Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
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227 already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:
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228
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229 The Organization of the Screen
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230
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231 * Point:: The place in the text where editing commands operate.
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232 * Echo Area:: Short messages appear at the bottom of the screen.
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233 * Mode Line:: Interpreting the mode line.
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234 * Menu Bar:: How to use the menu bar.
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235
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236 Basic Editing Commands
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237
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238 * Inserting Text:: Inserting text by simply typing it.
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239 * Moving Point:: How to move the cursor to the place where you want to
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240 change something.
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241 * Erasing:: Deleting and killing text.
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242 * Basic Undo:: Undoing recent changes in the text.
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243 * Basic Files:: Visiting, creating, and saving files.
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244 * Basic Help:: Asking what a character does.
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245 * Blank Lines:: Commands to make or delete blank lines.
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246 * Continuation Lines:: Lines too wide for the screen.
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247 * Position Info:: What page, line, row, or column is point on?
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248 * Arguments:: Numeric arguments for repeating a command.
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249 * Repeating:: A short-cut for repeating the previous command.
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250
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251 The Minibuffer
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252
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253 * Minibuffer File:: Entering file names with the minibuffer.
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254 * Minibuffer Edit:: How to edit in the minibuffer.
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255 * Completion:: An abbreviation facility for minibuffer input.
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256 * Minibuffer History:: Reusing recent minibuffer arguments.
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257 * Repetition:: Re-executing commands that used the minibuffer.
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258
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259 Help
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260
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261 * Help Summary:: Brief list of all Help commands.
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262 * Key Help:: Asking what a key does in Emacs.
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263 * Name Help:: Asking about a command, variable or function name.
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264 * Apropos:: Asking what pertains to a given topic.
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265 * Library Keywords:: Finding Lisp libraries by keywords (topics).
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266 * Language Help:: Help relating to international language support.
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267 * Help Mode:: Special features of Help mode and Help buffers.
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268 * Misc Help:: Other help commands.
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269 * Help Files:: Commands to display pre-written help files.
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270 * Help Echo:: Help on active text and tooltips (`balloon help')
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271
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272 The Mark and the Region
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273
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274 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
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275 * Transient Mark:: How to make Emacs highlight the region--
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276 when there is one.
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277 * Momentary Mark:: Enabling Transient Mark mode momentarily.
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278 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
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279 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
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280 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
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281 * Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers.
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282
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283 Killing and Moving Text
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284
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285 * Deletion:: Commands for deleting small amounts of text and
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286 blank areas.
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287 * Killing by Lines:: How to kill entire lines of text at one time.
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288 * Other Kill Commands:: Commands to kill large regions of text and
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289 syntactic units such as words and sentences.
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290 * Graphical Kill:: The kill ring on graphical displays:
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291 yanking between applications.
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292 * CUA Bindings:: Using @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} for copy
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293 and paste, with enhanced rectangle support.
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294
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295 Yanking
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296
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297 * Kill Ring:: Where killed text is stored. Basic yanking.
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298 * Appending Kills:: Several kills in a row all yank together.
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299 * Earlier Kills:: Yanking something killed some time ago.
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300
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301 Registers
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302
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303 * RegPos:: Saving positions in registers.
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304 * RegText:: Saving text in registers.
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305 * RegRect:: Saving rectangles in registers.
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306 * RegConfig:: Saving window configurations in registers.
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307 * RegNumbers:: Numbers in registers.
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308 * RegFiles:: File names in registers.
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309 * Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
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310
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311 Controlling the Display
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312
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313 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
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314 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
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315 * Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
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316 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
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317 * Standard Faces:: Emacs' predefined faces.
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318 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
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319 * Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
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320 * Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes.
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321 * Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
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322 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
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323 * Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features.
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324 * Text Display:: How text characters are normally displayed.
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325 * Cursor Display:: Features for displaying the cursor.
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326 * Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display.
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327
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328 Searching and Replacement
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329
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330 * Incremental Search:: Search happens as you type the string.
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331 * Nonincremental Search:: Specify entire string and then search.
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332 * Word Search:: Search for sequence of words.
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333 * Regexp Search:: Search for match for a regexp.
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334 * Regexps:: Syntax of regular expressions.
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335 * Search Case:: To ignore case while searching, or not.
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336 * Replace:: Search, and replace some or all matches.
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337 * Other Repeating Search:: Operating on all matches for some regexp.
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338
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339 Replacement Commands
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340
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341 * Unconditional Replace:: Replacing all matches for a string.
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342 * Regexp Replace:: Replacing all matches for a regexp.
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343 * Replacement and Case:: How replacements preserve case of letters.
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344 * Query Replace:: How to use querying.
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345
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346 Commands for Fixing Typos
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347
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348 * Undo:: Full details of Emacs undo commands.
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349 * Kill Errors:: Commands to kill a batch of recently entered text.
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350 * Transpose:: Exchanging two characters, words, lines, lists...
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351 * Fixing Case:: Correcting case of last word entered.
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352 * Spelling:: Apply spelling checker to a word or a whole buffer.
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353
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354 Keyboard Macros
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355
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356 * Basic Keyboard Macro:: Defining and running keyboard macros.
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357 * Keyboard Macro Ring:: Where previous keyboard macros are saved.
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358 * Keyboard Macro Counter:: Inserting incrementing numbers in macros.
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359 * Keyboard Macro Query:: Making keyboard macros do different things each time.
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360 * Save Keyboard Macro:: Giving keyboard macros names; saving them in files.
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361 * Edit Keyboard Macro:: Editing keyboard macros.
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362 * Keyboard Macro Step-Edit:: Interactively executing and editing a keyboard
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363 macro.
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364
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365 File Handling
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366
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367 * File Names:: How to type and edit file-name arguments.
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368 * Visiting:: Visiting a file prepares Emacs to edit the file.
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369 * Saving:: Saving makes your changes permanent.
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370 * Reverting:: Reverting cancels all the changes not saved.
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371 * Auto Save:: Auto Save periodically protects against loss of data.
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372 * File Aliases:: Handling multiple names for one file.
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373 * Version Control:: Version control systems (RCS, CVS and SCCS).
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374 * Directories:: Creating, deleting, and listing file directories.
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375 * Comparing Files:: Finding where two files differ.
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376 * Misc File Ops:: Other things you can do on files.
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377 * Compressed Files:: Accessing compressed files.
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378 * File Archives:: Operating on tar, zip, jar etc. archive files.
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379 * Remote Files:: Accessing files on other sites.
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380 * Quoted File Names:: Quoting special characters in file names.
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381 * File Name Cache:: Completion against a list of files you often use.
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382 * File Conveniences:: Convenience Features for Finding Files.
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383 * Filesets:: Handling sets of files.
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384
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385 Saving Files
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386
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387 * Save Commands:: Commands for saving files.
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388 * Backup:: How Emacs saves the old version of your file.
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389 * Customize Save:: Customizing the saving of files.
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390 * Interlocking:: How Emacs protects against simultaneous editing
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391 of one file by two users.
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392 * File Shadowing:: Copying files to "shadows" automatically.
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393 * Time Stamps:: Emacs can update time stamps on saved files.
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394
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395 Version Control
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396
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397 * Introduction to VC:: How version control works in general.
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398 * VC Mode Line:: How the mode line shows version control status.
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399 * Basic VC Editing:: How to edit a file under version control.
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400 * Old Versions:: Examining and comparing old versions.
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401 * Secondary VC Commands:: The commands used a little less frequently.
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402 * Branches:: Multiple lines of development.
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403
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404 Using Multiple Buffers
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405
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406 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
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407 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
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408 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
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409 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
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410 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
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411 and operate variously on several of them.
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412 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
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413 * Buffer Convenience:: Convenience and customization features for
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414 buffer handling.
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415
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416 Multiple Windows
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417
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418 * Basic Window:: Introduction to Emacs windows.
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419 * Split Window:: New windows are made by splitting existing windows.
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420 * Other Window:: Moving to another window or doing something to it.
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421 * Pop Up Window:: Finding a file or buffer in another window.
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422 * Force Same Window:: Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected
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423 window rather than in another window.
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424 * Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
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425 * Window Convenience:: Convenience functions for window handling.
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426
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427 Frames and X Windows
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428
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429 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
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430 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark.
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431 * Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections.
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432 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
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433 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
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434 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
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435 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
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436 * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
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437 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
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438 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
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439 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
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440 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
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441 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
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442 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
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443 * Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
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444 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
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445 * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
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446 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
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447 * Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "balloon help" for active text.
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448 * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
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449 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
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450 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator.
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451
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452 International Character Set Support
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453
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454 * International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
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455 * Enabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
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456 * Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
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457 * Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
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458 * Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods.
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459 * Multibyte Conversion:: How single-byte characters convert to multibyte.
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460 * Coding Systems:: Character set conversion when you read and
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461 write files, and so on.
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462 * Recognize Coding:: How Emacs figures out which conversion to use.
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463 * Text Coding:: Choosing conversion to use for file text.
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464 * Communication Coding:: Coding systems for interprocess communication.
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465 * File Name Coding:: Coding systems for file @emph{names}.
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466 * Terminal Coding:: Specifying coding systems for converting
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467 terminal input and output.
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468 * Fontsets:: Fontsets are collections of fonts
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469 that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
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470 * Defining Fontsets:: Defining a new fontset.
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471 * Undisplayable Characters::When characters don't display.
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472 * Unibyte Mode:: You can pick one European character set
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473 to use without multibyte characters.
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474 * Charsets:: How Emacs groups its internal character codes.
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475
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476 Major Modes
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477
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478 * Choosing Modes:: How major modes are specified or chosen.
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parents:
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479
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480 Indentation
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parents:
diff changeset
481
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482 * Indentation Commands:: Various commands and techniques for indentation.
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parents:
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483 * Tab Stops:: You can set arbitrary "tab stops" and then
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parents:
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484 indent to the next tab stop when you want to.
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parents:
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485 * Just Spaces:: You can request indentation using just spaces.
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parents:
diff changeset
486
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487 Commands for Human Languages
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488
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parents:
diff changeset
489 * Words:: Moving over and killing words.
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parents:
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490 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences.
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parents:
diff changeset
491 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs.
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parents:
diff changeset
492 * Pages:: Moving over pages.
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parents:
diff changeset
493 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text.
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parents:
diff changeset
494 * Case:: Changing the case of text.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
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parents:
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496 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines.
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parents:
diff changeset
497 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
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498 * HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files.
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parents:
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499 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
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parents:
diff changeset
500 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
501 * Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion.
24093
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parents:
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502
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parents:
diff changeset
503 Filling Text
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parents:
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504
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parents:
diff changeset
505 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically.
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
506 * Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled.
24093
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parents:
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507 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines.
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parents:
diff changeset
508 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
509 or in a comment, etc.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
511 * Longlines:: Editing text with very long lines.
24093
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512
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513 Editing Programs
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parents:
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514
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parents:
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515 * Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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516 * Defuns:: Commands to operate on major top-level parts
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
517 of a program.
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parents:
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518 * Program Indent:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
519 * Parentheses:: Commands that operate on parentheses.
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parents:
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520 * Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
38199
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
521 * Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
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522 * Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively.
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
523 * Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
524 * Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
525 * Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
526 * C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
527 Java, and Pike modes.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
528 * Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
529
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
530 Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
531
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
532 * Left Margin Paren:: An open-paren or similar opening delimiter
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
533 starts a defun if it is at the left margin.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
534 * Moving by Defuns:: Commands to move over or mark a major definition.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
535 * Imenu:: Making buffer indexes as menus.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
536 * Which Function:: Which Function mode shows which function you are in.
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
537
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538 Indentation for Programs
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parents:
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539
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parents:
diff changeset
540 * Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
541 * Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 * Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
38199
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
543 * C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
544 * Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545
38199
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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546 Commands for Editing with Parentheses
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
547
38199
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
548 * Expressions:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
549 * Moving by Parens:: Commands for moving up, down and across
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
550 in the structure of parentheses.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
551 * Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
552
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
553 Manipulating Comments
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
554
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
555 * Comment Commands:: Inserting, killing, and indenting comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
556 * Multi-Line Comments:: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
557 * Options for Comments::Customizing the comment features.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
558
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
559 Documentation Lookup
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parents:
diff changeset
560
38199
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diff changeset
561 * Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
562 in Info files.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
563 * Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
564 * Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
565
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
566 C and Related Modes
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567
38199
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diff changeset
568 * Motion in C:: Commands to move by C statements, etc.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
569 * Electric C:: Colon and other chars can automatically reindent.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
570 * Hungry Delete:: A more powerful DEL command.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
571 * Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
572 and other neat features.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
573
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574 Compiling and Testing Programs
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parents:
diff changeset
575
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parents:
diff changeset
576 * Compilation:: Compiling programs in languages other
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
577 than Lisp (C, Pascal, etc.).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
578 * Compilation Mode:: The mode for visiting compiler errors.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 * Compilation Shell:: Customizing your shell properly
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 for use in the compilation buffer.
61049
b1f81e293b57 (Top): Update list of subnodes of building.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61048
diff changeset
581 * Grep Searching:: Searching with grep.
b1f81e293b57 (Top): Update list of subnodes of building.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61048
diff changeset
582 * Flymake:: Finding syntax errors on the fly.
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
583 * Debuggers:: Running symbolic debuggers for non-Lisp programs.
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
584 * Executing Lisp:: Various modes for editing Lisp programs,
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
585 with different facilities for running
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
586 the Lisp programs.
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parents:
diff changeset
587 * Lisp Libraries:: Creating Lisp programs to run in Emacs.
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
588 * Lisp Eval:: Executing a single Lisp expression in Emacs.
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parents:
diff changeset
589 * Lisp Interaction:: Executing Lisp in an Emacs buffer.
49600
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Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
590 * External Lisp:: Communicating through Emacs with a separate Lisp.
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parents:
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591
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
592 Running Debuggers Under Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
593
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parents:
diff changeset
594 * Starting GUD:: How to start a debugger subprocess.
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parents:
diff changeset
595 * Debugger Operation:: Connection between the debugger and source buffers.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 * Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 * GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD.
62472
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
598 * GDB Graphical Interface:: An enhanced mode that uses GDB features to
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
599 implement a graphical debugging environment through
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
600 Emacs.
24093
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601
69012
370c1ad26b94 Use @smallbook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68704
diff changeset
602 Maintaining Large Programs
38199
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diff changeset
603
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
604 * Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
68704
1fa04be25dbe (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
605 * Format of ChangeLog:: What the change log file looks like.
38199
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
606 * Tags:: Go direct to any function in your program in one
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
607 command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
608
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
609 Tags Tables
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
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parents: 38131
diff changeset
610
49600
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diff changeset
611 * Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
38199
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
612 * Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
613 * Etags Regexps:: Create arbitrary tags using regular expressions.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
614 * Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
615 * Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
38199
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
616 * Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
617 * List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
01e8262e28af Reorganize structure of Editing Programs,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38131
diff changeset
618
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diff changeset
619 Abbrevs
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
620
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parents:
diff changeset
621 * Abbrev Concepts:: Fundamentals of defined abbrevs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
622 * Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 * Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 * Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 * Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 * Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
627 * Dabbrev Customization:: What is a word, for dynamic abbrevs. Case handling.
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
628
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 Sending Mail
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 * Mail Format:: Format of the mail being composed.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 * Mail Headers:: Details of permitted mail header fields.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 * Mail Aliases:: Abbreviating and grouping mail addresses.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 * Mail Mode:: Special commands for editing mail being composed.
36212
339b9d45f288 Distracting NSA => Mail Amusements.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36211
diff changeset
635 * Mail Amusements:: Distract the NSA's attention; add a fortune to a msg.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 * Mail Methods:: Using alternative mail-composition methods.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 Reading Mail with Rmail
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 * Rmail Basics:: Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 * Rmail Scrolling:: Scrolling through a message.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 * Rmail Motion:: Moving to another message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 * Rmail Deletion:: Deleting and expunging messages.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 * Rmail Inbox:: How mail gets into the Rmail file.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 * Rmail Files:: Using multiple Rmail files.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 * Rmail Output:: Copying message out to files.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 * Rmail Labels:: Classifying messages by labeling them.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648 * Rmail Attributes:: Certain standard labels, called attributes.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 * Rmail Reply:: Sending replies to messages you are viewing.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 * Rmail Summary:: Summaries show brief info on many messages.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 * Rmail Sorting:: Sorting messages in Rmail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 * Rmail Display:: How Rmail displays a message; customization.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
653 * Rmail Coding:: How Rmail handles decoding character sets.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 * Rmail Editing:: Editing message text and headers in Rmail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 * Rmail Digest:: Extracting the messages from a digest message.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656 * Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 * Rmail Rot13:: Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 * Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
659 * Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
660 * Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
661 Various Formats
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 Dired, the Directory Editor
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 * Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired.
37993
1ff0891cec4c Change "Dired Commands" to "Dired Navigation". Move the general
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37844
diff changeset
666 * Dired Navigation:: How to move in the Dired buffer.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 * Dired Deletion:: Deleting files with Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 * Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 * Dired Visiting:: Other file operations through Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 * Marks vs Flags:: Flagging for deletion vs marking.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 * Operating on Files:: How to copy, rename, print, compress, etc.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 either one file or several files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 * Shell Commands in Dired:: Running a shell command on the marked files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 * Transforming File Names:: Using patterns to rename multiple files.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675 * Comparison in Dired:: Running `diff' by way of Dired.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 * Subdirectories in Dired:: Adding subdirectories to the Dired buffer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 * Subdirectory Motion:: Moving across subdirectories, and up and down.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 * Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 * Dired Updating:: Discarding lines for files of no interest.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680 * Dired and Find:: Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
61048
c2e6f95ca668 (Top): Update list of subnodes of Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61006
diff changeset
681 * Wdired:: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer.
c2e6f95ca668 (Top): Update list of subnodes of Dired.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 61006
diff changeset
682 * Misc Dired Features:: Various other features.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 The Calendar and the Diary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 * Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 * Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 * Counting Days:: How many days are there between two dates?
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 * General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
690 * LaTeX Calendar:: Print a calendar using LaTeX.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 * Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 * Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693 * Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
694 * Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 * Diary:: Displaying events from your diary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 * Appointments:: Reminders when it's time to do something.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
697 * Importing Diary:: Converting diary events to/from other formats.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 * Daylight Savings:: How to specify when daylight savings time is active.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
699 * Time Intervals:: Keeping track of time intervals.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 Movement in the Calendar
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 * Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 * Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 * Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 specific date.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 Conversion To and From Other Calendars
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 * Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 (aside from Gregorian).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712 * To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 * From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 * Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 The Diary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717
61006
36dcfa905f54 (Top): Rename "Diary Commands" section.
Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
parents: 60803
diff changeset
718 * Displaying the Diary:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 * Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 * Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 * Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 * Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52582
diff changeset
724 Gnus
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 * Buffers of Gnus:: The group, summary, and article buffers.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 * Gnus Startup:: What you should know about starting Gnus.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 * Summary of Gnus:: A short description of the basic Gnus commands.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 Running Shell Commands from Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 * Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 * Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 * Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
735 * Shell Prompts:: Two ways to recognize shell prompts.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 * Shell History:: Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
737 * Directory Tracking:: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 * Shell Options:: Options for customizing Shell mode.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
739 * Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
740 * Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
741 * Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 * Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
744 Using Emacs as a Server
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
745
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
746 * Invoking emacsclient:: Emacs client startup options.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
747
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
748 Hyperlinking and Navigation Features
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
749
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
750 * Browse-URL:: Following URLs.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
751 * Goto-address:: Activating URLs.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
752 * FFAP:: Finding files etc. at point.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
753
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 Customization
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 * Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 independently of any others.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
758 * Easy Customization:: Convenient way to browse and change user options.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 * Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 to decide what to do; by setting variables,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 you can control their functioning.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762 * Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 By changing them, you can "redefine keys".
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 * Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
765 expressions are parsed.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 * Init File:: How to write common customizations in the
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
767 @file{.emacs} file.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 Variables
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
770
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
771 * Examining:: Examining or setting one variable's value.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 * Hooks:: Hook variables let you specify programs for parts
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773 of Emacs to run on particular occasions.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 * Locals:: Per-buffer values of variables.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 * File Variables:: How files can specify variable values.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 Customizing Key Bindings
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 * Keymaps:: Generalities. The global keymap.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780 * Prefix Keymaps:: Keymaps for prefix keys.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 * Local Keymaps:: Major and minor modes have their own keymaps.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 * Minibuffer Maps:: The minibuffer uses its own local keymaps.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 * Rebinding:: How to redefine one key's meaning conveniently.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 * Init Rebinding:: Rebinding keys with your init file, @file{.emacs}.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 * Function Keys:: Rebinding terminal function keys.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 * Named ASCII Chars:: Distinguishing @key{TAB} from @kbd{C-i}, and so on.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
787 * Non-ASCII Rebinding:: Rebinding non-@acronym{ASCII} characters such as Latin-1.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 * Mouse Buttons:: Rebinding mouse buttons in Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 * Disabling:: Disabling a command means confirmation is required
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 before it can be executed. This is done to protect
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 beginners from surprises.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 The Init File, @file{~/.emacs}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
795 * Init Syntax:: Syntax of constants in Emacs Lisp.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796 * Init Examples:: How to do some things with an init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 * Terminal Init:: Each terminal type can have an init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
798 * Find Init:: How Emacs finds the init file.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 Dealing with Emacs Trouble
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parents:
diff changeset
801
38767
5889c45fd6ad Change the name of the "DEL Doesn't Delete" node to "DEL Does Not Delete",
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38400
diff changeset
802 * DEL Does Not Delete:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete.
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
803 * Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 * Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 * Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 * Memory Full:: How to cope when you run out of memory.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
807 * After a Crash:: Recovering editing in an Emacs session that crashed.
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
808 * Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape---
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 What to do if Emacs stops responding.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 * Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 Reporting Bugs
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
814 * Bug Criteria:: Have you really found a bug?
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
815 * Understanding Bug Reporting:: How to report a bug effectively.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
816 * Checklist:: Steps to follow for a good bug report.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
817 * Sending Patches:: How to send a patch for GNU Emacs.
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parents:
diff changeset
818
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
819 Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation
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parents:
diff changeset
820
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
821 * Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 and call functions.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 * Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
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parents:
diff changeset
824 * Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
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parents:
diff changeset
825 * Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
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parents:
diff changeset
826 * Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
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parents:
diff changeset
827 * Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
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parents:
diff changeset
828 * Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
43015
e4c362348aae Fix typo.
Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz>
parents: 42751
diff changeset
829 * Colors:: Choosing display colors.
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parents:
diff changeset
830 * Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X.
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parents:
diff changeset
831 * Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 * Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833 * Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
54471
e284782704b8 * emacs.texi (Top): Add `Misc X'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents: 53695
diff changeset
834 * Misc X:: Other display options.
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3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
835
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Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
836 Environment Variables
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
837
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
838 * General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
839 * Misc Variables:: Certain system specific variables.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
840 * MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows.
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
841
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
842 X Options and Resources
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3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
843
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
844 * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
845 * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
3f1a375341ab Update menu for changes in cmdargs.texi and xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40792
diff changeset
846 * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces.
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parents:
diff changeset
847 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
36501
8a046a8e91dc Give LessTif precedence over Motif.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36212
diff changeset
848 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
849 * GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets.
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parents:
diff changeset
850
65632
cfd2811479a1 (Top): Update submenus from macos.texi.
YAMAMOTO Mitsuharu <mituharu@math.s.chiba-u.ac.jp>
parents: 65555
diff changeset
851 Emacs and Mac OS
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072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
852
65632
cfd2811479a1 (Top): Update submenus from macos.texi.
YAMAMOTO Mitsuharu <mituharu@math.s.chiba-u.ac.jp>
parents: 65555
diff changeset
853 * Mac Input:: Keyboard and mouse input on Mac.
cfd2811479a1 (Top): Update submenus from macos.texi.
YAMAMOTO Mitsuharu <mituharu@math.s.chiba-u.ac.jp>
parents: 65555
diff changeset
854 * Mac International:: International character sets on Mac.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
855 * Mac Environment Variables:: Setting environment variables for Emacs.
65632
cfd2811479a1 (Top): Update submenus from macos.texi.
YAMAMOTO Mitsuharu <mituharu@math.s.chiba-u.ac.jp>
parents: 65555
diff changeset
856 * Mac Directories:: Volumes and directories on Mac.
cfd2811479a1 (Top): Update submenus from macos.texi.
YAMAMOTO Mitsuharu <mituharu@math.s.chiba-u.ac.jp>
parents: 65555
diff changeset
857 * Mac Font Specs:: Specifying fonts on Mac.
62472
38477c70b31f (Top): Update to the current structure of the manual.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 61848
diff changeset
858 * Mac Functions:: Mac-specific Lisp functions.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859
69898
601830ae280c move MS-DOS material to emacs-xtra.texi
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents: 69885
diff changeset
860 Emacs and Microsoft Windows
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862 * Text and Binary:: Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 * Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 @end menu
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 @unnumbered Preface
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 This manual documents the use and simple customization of the Emacs
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
871 editor. Simple Emacs customizations do not require you to be a
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
872 programmer, but if you are not interested in customizing, you can
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
873 ignore the customization hints.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874
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parents:
diff changeset
875 This is primarily a reference manual, but can also be used as a
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
876 primer. If you are a complete beginner, we recommend you start with
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
877 the on-line, learn-by-doing tutorial, before reading the manual. To
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
878 run the tutorial, start Emacs and type @kbd{C-h t}. The tutorial
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
879 describes commands, tells you when to try them, and explains the
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
880 results.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 On first reading, just skim chapters 1 and 2, which describe the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 notational conventions of the manual and the general appearance of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 Emacs display screen. Note which questions are answered in these
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 chapters, so you can refer back later. After reading chapter 4, you
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
886 should practice the commands shown there. The next few chapters
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
887 describe fundamental techniques and concepts that are used constantly.
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
888 You need to understand them thoroughly, so experiment with them
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
889 until you are fluent.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891 Chapters 14 through 19 describe intermediate-level features that are
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
892 useful for many kinds of editing. Chapter 20 and following chapters
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
893 describe optional but useful features; read those chapters when you
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
894 need them.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 Read the Trouble chapter if Emacs does not seem to be working
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
897 properly. It explains how to cope with several common problems
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 (@pxref{Lossage}), as well as when and how to report Emacs bugs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 (@pxref{Bugs}).
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
900
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
901 To find the documentation of a particular command, look in the index.
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
902 Keys (character commands) and command names have separate indexes.
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
903 There is also a glossary, with a cross reference for each term.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
905 This manual is available as a printed book and also as an Info file.
70336
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
906 The Info file is for on-line perusal with the Info program, which is
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
907 the principal means of accessing on-line documentation in the GNU
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
908 system. Both the Emacs Info file and an Info reader are included with
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
909 GNU Emacs. The Info file and the printed book contain substantially
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
910 the same text and are generated from the same source files, which are
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
911 also distributed with GNU Emacs.
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912
69012
370c1ad26b94 Use @smallbook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68704
diff changeset
913 GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family. There are many
370c1ad26b94 Use @smallbook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68704
diff changeset
914 Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization. For
370c1ad26b94 Use @smallbook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68704
diff changeset
915 information on the underlying philosophy of Emacs and the lessons
370c1ad26b94 Use @smallbook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68704
diff changeset
916 learned from its development, see @cite{Emacs, the Extensible,
370c1ad26b94 Use @smallbook.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68704
diff changeset
917 Customizable Self-Documenting Display Editor}, available from
68704
1fa04be25dbe (Top): Update subnode menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68639
diff changeset
918 @url{ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/ai-publications/pdf/AIM-519A.pdf}.
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parents:
diff changeset
919
68456
53cd4aa49c0e (Top): Add xref to Mac chapter; explain Windows better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66962
diff changeset
920 This edition of the manual is intended for use with GNU Emacs
53cd4aa49c0e (Top): Add xref to Mac chapter; explain Windows better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66962
diff changeset
921 installed on GNU and Unix systems. GNU Emacs can also be used on VMS,
53cd4aa49c0e (Top): Add xref to Mac chapter; explain Windows better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66962
diff changeset
922 MS-DOS (also called MS-DOG), Microsoft Windows, and Macintosh systems.
53cd4aa49c0e (Top): Add xref to Mac chapter; explain Windows better.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 66962
diff changeset
923 Those systems use different file name syntax; in addition, VMS and
69898
601830ae280c move MS-DOS material to emacs-xtra.texi
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents: 69885
diff changeset
924 MS-DOS do not support all GNU Emacs features. @xref{Emacs and
601830ae280c move MS-DOS material to emacs-xtra.texi
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents: 69885
diff changeset
925 Microsoft Windows}, for information about using Emacs on Windows.
601830ae280c move MS-DOS material to emacs-xtra.texi
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents: 69885
diff changeset
926 @xref{Mac OS}, for information about using Emacs on Macintosh. We
601830ae280c move MS-DOS material to emacs-xtra.texi
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents: 69885
diff changeset
927 don't try to describe VMS usage in this manual.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 @end iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929
56811
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
930 @node Distrib, Intro, Top, Top
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 @unnumbered Distribution
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
932
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parents:
diff changeset
933 GNU Emacs is @dfn{free software}; this means that everyone is free to
62647
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
934 use it and free to redistribute it on certain conditions. GNU Emacs
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
935 is not in the public domain; it is copyrighted and there are
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
936 restrictions on its distribution, but these restrictions are designed
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
937 to permit everything that a good cooperating citizen would want to do.
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
938 What is not allowed is to try to prevent others from further sharing
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
939 any version of GNU Emacs that they might get from you. The precise
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
940 conditions are found in the GNU General Public License that comes with
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
941 Emacs and also appears in this manual@footnote{This manual is itself
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
942 covered by the GNU Free Documentation License. This license is
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
943 similar in spirit to the General Public License, but is more suitable
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
944 for documentation. @xref{GNU Free Documentation License}.}.
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
945 @xref{Copying}.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946
62647
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
947 One way to get a copy of GNU Emacs is from someone else who has it.
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
948 You need not ask for our permission to do so, or tell any one else;
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
949 just copy it. If you have access to the Internet, you can get the
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
950 latest distribution version of GNU Emacs by anonymous FTP; see
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
951 @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs} on our website for more
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
952 information.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954 You may also receive GNU Emacs when you buy a computer. Computer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 manufacturers are free to distribute copies on the same terms that apply to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 everyone else. These terms require them to give you the full sources,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957 including whatever changes they may have made, and to permit you to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 redistribute the GNU Emacs received from them under the usual terms of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959 General Public License. In other words, the program must be free for you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 when you get it, not just free for the manufacturer.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
52574
e0bca4b2b9ca (Acknowledgements): New node, split from Distribution.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
962 You can also order copies of GNU Emacs from the Free Software
62647
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
963 Foundation. This is a convenient and reliable way to get a copy; it is
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
964 also a good way to help fund our work. We also sell hardcopy versions
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
965 of this manual and @cite{An Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp},
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
966 by Robert J. Chassell. You can find an order form on our web site at
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
967 @url{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html}. For further information,
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
968 write to
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970 @display
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 Free Software Foundation
62647
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
972 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
973 Boston, MA 02110-1301
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 USA
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975 @end display
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 The income from distribution fees goes to support the foundation's
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 purpose: the development of new free software, and improvements to our
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 existing programs including GNU Emacs.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 If you find GNU Emacs useful, please @strong{send a donation} to the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 Free Software Foundation to support our work. Donations to the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 Software Foundation are tax deductible in the US. If you use GNU Emacs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 at your workplace, please suggest that the company make a donation. If
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985 company policy is unsympathetic to the idea of donating to charity, you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 might instead suggest ordering a CD-ROM from the Foundation
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 occasionally, or subscribing to periodic updates.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988
56820
44fd924a353f (Acknowledgments): Put inside @iftex instead of @ifnotinfo.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56815
diff changeset
989 @iftex
56811
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
990 @node Acknowledgments, Intro, Distrib, Top
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
991 @unnumberedsec Acknowledgments
52574
e0bca4b2b9ca (Acknowledgements): New node, split from Distribution.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
992
60803
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
993 Contributors to GNU Emacs include Per Abrahamsen, Tomas Abrahamsson,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
994 Jay K.@: Adams, Joe Arceneaux, Miles Bader, David Bakhash, Eli
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
995 Barzilay, Steven L.@: Baur, Boaz Ben-Zvi, Ray Blaak, Jim Blandy, Per
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
996 Bothner, Terrence Brannon, Frank Bresz, Peter Breton, Emmanuel Briot,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
997 Kevin Broadey, Vincent Broman, David M.@: Brown, Georges Brun-Cottan,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
998 W@l{}odek Bzyl, Bill Carpenter, Per Cederqvist, Hans Chalupsky, Chris
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
999 Chase, Bob Chassell, Andrew Choi, James Clark, Mike Clarkson, Glynn
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1000 Clements, Andrew Csillag, Doug Cutting, Michael DeCorte, Gary Delp,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1001 Matthieu Devin, Eri Ding, Jan Dj@"{a}rv, Carsten Dominik, Scott
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1002 Draves, Benjamin Drieu, Viktor Dukhovni, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1003 Stephen Eglen, Torbj@"orn Einarsson, Tsugutomo Enami, Hans Henrik
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1004 Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi, Frederick Farnbach, Oscar
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1005 Figueiredo, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Noah Friedman,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1006 Hallvard Furuseth, Keith Gabryelski, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1007 Juan Le@'{o}n Lahoz Garc@'{i}a, Howard Gayle, Stephen Gildea, Julien
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1008 Gilles, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Boris Goldowsky, Michelangelo
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1009 Grigni, Odd Gripenstam, Kai Gro@ss{}johann, Michael Gschwind, Henry
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1010 Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi Handa, Chris Hanson, K. Shane Hartman,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1011 John Heidemann, Jon K.@: Hellan, Markus Heritsch, Karl Heuer, Manabu
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1012 Higashida, Anders Holst, Kurt Hornik, Tom Houlder, Denis Howe, Lars
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1013 Ingebrigtsen, Andrew Innes, Seiichiro Inoue, Ulf Jasper, Michael
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1014 K. Johnson, Kyle Jones, Terry Jones, Simon Josefsson, Tomoji Kagatani,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1015 Brewster Kahle, David Kaufman, Henry Kautz, Taichi Kawabata, Howard
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1016 Kaye, Michael Kifer, Richard King, Peter Kleiweg, Larry K.@: Kolodney,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1017 Pavel Kobiakov, Larry K.@: Kolodney, David M.@: Koppelman, Koseki
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1018 Yoshinori, Robert Krawitz, Sebastian Kremer, Ryszard Kubiak, Geoff
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1019 Kuenning, David K@aa{}gedal, Daniel LaLiberte, Aaron Larson, James
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1020 R.@: Larus, Vinicius Jose Latorre, Frederic Lepied, Peter Liljenberg,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1021 Lars Lindberg, Chris Lindblad, Anders Lindgren, Thomas Link, Dave
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1022 Love, Eric Ludlam, Alan Mackenzie, Christopher J.@: Madsen,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1023 Neil M.@: Mager, Ken Manheimer, Bill Mann, Brian Marick, Simon
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024 Marshall, Bengt Martensson, Charlie Martin, Thomas May, Roland McGrath,
60803
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1025 Will Mengarini, David Megginson, Wayne Mesard, Brad Miller, Richard
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1026 Mlynarik, Gerd Moellmann, Stefan Monnier, Morioka Tomohiko, Keith
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1027 Moore, Sen Nagata, Erik Naggum, Thomas Neumann, Thien-Thi Nguyen, Mike
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1028 Newton, Jurgen Nickelsen, Dan Nicolaescu, Jeff Norden, Andrew Norman,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1029 Alexandre Oliva, Bob Olson, Takaaki Ota, Pieter E.@: J.@: Pareit,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1030 David Pearson, Jeff Peck, Damon Anton Permezel, Tom Perrine, William
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1031 M.@: Perry, Per Persson, Jens Petersen, Daniel Pfeiffer, Richard
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1032 L.@: Pieri, Fred Pierresteguy, Christian Plaunt, David Ponce, Francesco
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1033 A. Potorti, Michael D. Prange, Mukesh Prasad, Marko Rahamaa, Ashwin
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1034 Ram, Eric S. Raymond, Paul Reilly, Edward M. Reingold, Alex Rezinsky,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1035 Rob Riepel, Nick Roberts, Roland B.@: Roberts, John Robinson, Danny
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1036 Roozendaal, William Rosenblatt, Guillermo J.@: Rozas, Ivar Rummelhoff,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1037 Jason Rumney, Wolfgang Rupprecht, Kevin Ryde, James B. Salem, Masahiko
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1038 Sato, Holger Schauer, William Schelter, Ralph Schleicher, Gregor
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1039 Schmid, Michael Schmidt, Ronald S. Schnell, Philippe Schnoebelen, Jan
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1040 Schormann, Alex Schroeder, Stephen Schoef, Randal Schwartz, Oliver
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1041 Seidel, Manuel Serrano, Hovav Shacham, Stanislav Shalunov, Mark
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1042 Shapiro, Richard Sharman, Olin Shivers, Espen Skoglund, Rick Sladkey,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1043 Lynn Slater, Chris Smith, David Smith, Paul D.@: Smith, Andre Spiegel,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1044 Michael Staats, William Sommerfeld, Michael Staats, Sam Steingold, Ake
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1045 Stenhoff, Peter Stephenson, Ken Stevens, Jonathan Stigelman, Martin
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1046 Stjernholm, Kim F.@: Storm, Steve Strassman, Olaf Sylvester, Naoto
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1047 Takahashi, Jean-Philippe Theberge, Jens T.@: Berger Thielemann,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1048 Spencer Thomas, Jim Thompson, Tom Tromey, Daiki Ueno, Masanobu Umeda,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1049 Rajesh Vaidheeswarran, Neil W.@: Van Dyke, Didier Verna, Ulrik Vieth,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1050 Geoffrey Voelker, Johan Vromans, Inge Wallin, Colin Walters, Barry
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1051 Warsaw, Morten Welinder, Joseph Brian Wells, Rodney Whitby, John
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1052 Wiegley, Ed Wilkinson, Mike Williams, Bill Wohler, Steven A. Wood,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1053 Dale R.@: Worley, Francis J.@: Wright, Felix S. T. Wu, Tom Wurgler,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1054 Masatake Yamato, Jonathan Yavner, Ilya Zakharevich, Milan Zamazal,
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1055 Victor Zandy, Eli Zaretskii, Jamie Zawinski, Shenghuo Zhu, Ian
1d4595ddf963 (Acknowledgments): Updated.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 60119
diff changeset
1056 T.@: Zimmermann, Reto Zimmermann, Neal Ziring, and Detlev Zundel.
56820
44fd924a353f (Acknowledgments): Put inside @iftex instead of @ifnotinfo.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56815
diff changeset
1057 @end iftex
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058
56811
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1059 @node Intro, Glossary, Distrib, Top
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1060 @unnumbered Introduction
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1061
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1062 You are reading about GNU Emacs, the GNU incarnation of the
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1063 advanced, self-documenting, customizable, extensible editor Emacs.
56811
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1064 (The `G' in `GNU' is not silent.)
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1065
70336
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1066 We call Emacs advanced because it provides much more than simple
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1067 insertion and deletion. It can control subprocesses, indent programs
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1068 automatically, show two or more files at once, and edit formatted
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1069 text. Emacs editing commands operate in terms of characters, words,
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1070 lines, sentences, paragraphs, and pages, as well as expressions and
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1071 comments in various programming languages.
56811
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1072
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1073 @dfn{Self-documenting} means that at any time you can type a special
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1074 character, @kbd{Control-h}, to find out what your options are. You can
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1075 also use it to find out what any command does, or to find all the commands
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1076 that pertain to a topic. @xref{Help}.
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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1077
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1078 @dfn{Customizable} means that you can alter Emacs commands' behavior
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parents: 70195
diff changeset
1079 in simple ways. For example, if you use a programming language in
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1080 which comments start with @samp{<**} and end with @samp{**>}, you can
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
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1081 tell the Emacs comment manipulation commands to use those strings
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1082 (@pxref{Comments}). Another sort of customization is rearrangement of
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1083 the command set. For example, you can rebind the basic cursor motion
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1084 commands (up, down, left and right) to any keys on the keyboard that
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1085 you find comfortable. @xref{Customization}.
56811
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diff changeset
1086
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1087 @dfn{Extensible} means that you can go beyond simple customization
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1088 and write entirely new commands---programs in the Lisp language to be
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1089 run by Emacs's own Lisp interpreter. Emacs is an ``on-line
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1090 extensible'' system, which means that it is divided into many
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1091 functions that call each other, any of which can be redefined in the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1092 middle of an editing session. Almost any part of Emacs can be
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1093 replaced without making a separate copy of all of Emacs. Most of the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1094 editing commands of Emacs are written in Lisp; the few exceptions
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
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1095 could have been written in Lisp but use C instead for efficiency.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
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1096 Writing an extension is programming, but non-programmers can use it
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1097 afterwards. @xref{Top, Emacs Lisp Intro, Preface, eintr, An
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1098 Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp}, if you want to learn Emacs
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1099 Lisp programming.
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parents: 56707
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1100
68704
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parents: 68639
diff changeset
1101 When running on a graphical display, Emacs provides its own menus
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
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1102 and convenient handling of mouse buttons. In addition, Emacs provides
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1103 many of the benefits of a graphical display even on a text-only
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1104 terminal. For instance, it can highlight parts of a file, display and
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1105 edit several files at once, move text between files, and edit files
fa482f1cd759 (Top): Add Diff Mode to menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 70195
diff changeset
1106 while running shell commands.
56811
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parents: 56707
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1107
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1108 @include screen.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1109 @include commands.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1110 @include entering.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1111 @include basic.texi
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1112 @include mini.texi
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1113 @include m-x.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1114 @include help.texi
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1115 @include mark.texi
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1116 @include killing.texi
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1117 @include regs.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1118 @include display.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1119 @include search.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1120 @include fixit.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1121 @include kmacro.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1122 @include files.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1123 @include buffers.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1124 @include windows.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1125 @include frames.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1126 @include mule.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1127 @include major.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1128 @include indent.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1129 @include text.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1130 @include programs.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1131 @include building.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1132 @include maintaining.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1133 @include abbrevs.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1134 @include sending.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1135 @include rmail.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1136 @include dired.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1137 @include calendar.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1138 @include misc.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1139 @include custom.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1140 @include trouble.texi
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1141
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1142 @node Copying, GNU Free Documentation License, Service, Top
694cd033cd0d Make "GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE" an appendix.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 56707
diff changeset
1143 @appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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parents:
diff changeset
1144 @center Version 2, June 1991
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parents:
diff changeset
1145
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parents:
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1146 @display
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
62647
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
1148 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
1149
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1150 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1151 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 @end display
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parents:
diff changeset
1153
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 @unnumberedsec Preamble
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parents:
diff changeset
1155
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parents:
diff changeset
1156 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1161 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1162 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
50754
5f08de7d192f Undo rest of previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 50753
diff changeset
1163 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
24093
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parents:
diff changeset
1164 your programs, too.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
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parents:
diff changeset
1171 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1172
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1178 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1182 rights.
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1183
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1184 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1185 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1186 distribute and/or modify the software.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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1187
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1188 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
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parents:
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1189 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1190 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1191 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1192 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
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parents:
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1193 authors' reputations.
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parents:
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1194
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1195 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1196 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
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parents:
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1200
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
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1201 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 modification follow.
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parents:
diff changeset
1203
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 @iftex
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parents:
diff changeset
1205 @unnumberedsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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parents:
diff changeset
1206 @end iftex
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diff changeset
1207 @ifinfo
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diff changeset
1208 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1209 @end ifinfo
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diff changeset
1210
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diff changeset
1211 @enumerate 0
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diff changeset
1212 @item
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
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1213 This License applies to any program or other work which contains
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
36168
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diff changeset
1215 under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program,'' below,
24093
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diff changeset
1216 refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1217 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1218 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1219 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
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parents:
diff changeset
1220 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1221 the term ``modification.'') Each licensee is addressed as ``you.''
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diff changeset
1222
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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diff changeset
1223 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
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parents:
diff changeset
1227 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1228 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
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parents:
diff changeset
1229
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diff changeset
1230 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1231 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237 along with the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1247
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248 @enumerate a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1250 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 parties under the terms of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1263 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1265 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 collective works based on the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 the scope of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 @enumerate a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 customarily used for software interchange; or,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 received the program in object code or executable form with such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 itself accompanies the executable.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 parties remain in full compliance.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1344
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1345 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 the Program or works based on it.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 circumstances.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 impose that choice.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1401 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410 address new problems or concerns.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
36168
df827c1def99 Clean up close-quote punctuation.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36153
diff changeset
1414 later version,'' you have the option of following the terms and conditions
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 Foundation.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 @heading NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 @end iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433 @center NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW@. EXCEPT WHEN
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU@. SHOULD THE
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 @item
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 @end enumerate
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 @iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1460 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1461 @end iftex
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 @ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 @end ifinfo
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466 @page
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 @smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479 @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE@. See the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 GNU General Public License for more details.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
62647
122d68d8ebab Update FSF's address throughout.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents: 62472
diff changeset
1494 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1498
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500 when it starts in an interactive mode:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502 @smallexample
32113
a0915106b092 (Top): Update version in `Antinews' menu entry.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 31356
diff changeset
1503 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 20@var{yy} @var{name of author}
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
1506 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 for details.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1510 The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512 commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513 @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1514 suits your program.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1515
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1517 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1518 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1519
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1520 @smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1521 @group
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1522 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 interest in the program `Gnomovision'
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 48531
diff changeset
1524 (which makes passes at compilers) written
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 by James Hacker.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528 Ty Coon, President of Vice
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 @end group
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530 @end smallexample
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1531
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1532 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1533 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1534 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
50753
dd4bc4fbaf67 Undo half of previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 50752
diff changeset
1535 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1536 Public License instead of this License.
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1537
31309
979e66ba0c4a Update for GFDL. Not yet checked by rms.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31144
diff changeset
1538 @include doclicense.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1539 @include cmdargs.texi
70195
23205c99093c [TeX]: Use xresmini.texi instead of xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 69945
diff changeset
1540 @iftex
23205c99093c [TeX]: Use xresmini.texi instead of xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 69945
diff changeset
1541 @include xresmini.texi
23205c99093c [TeX]: Use xresmini.texi instead of xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 69945
diff changeset
1542 @end iftex
23205c99093c [TeX]: Use xresmini.texi instead of xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 69945
diff changeset
1543 @ifnottex
40525
b8d0024c4e37 @include xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 40520
diff changeset
1544 @include xresources.texi
70195
23205c99093c [TeX]: Use xresmini.texi instead of xresources.texi.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 69945
diff changeset
1545 @end ifnottex
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1546
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1547 @include anti.texi
34199
1a56ec70af8c @include macos.texi.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 33973
diff changeset
1548 @include macos.texi
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1549 @include msdog.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1550 @include gnu.texi
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1551 @include glossary.texi
55626
1c7ccc3495fe @ifnottex, not @ifinfo
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents: 54471
diff changeset
1552 @ifnottex
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 @include ack.texi
55626
1c7ccc3495fe @ifnottex, not @ifinfo
Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org>
parents: 54471
diff changeset
1554 @end ifnottex
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1555
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1556 @c The Option Index is produced only in the on-line version,
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1557 @c because the index entries related to command-line options
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1558 @c tend to point to the same pages and all begin with a dash.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1559 @c This, and the need to keep the node links consistent, are
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1560 @c the reasons for the funky @iftex/@ifnottex dance below.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1561 @c The Option Index is _not_ before Key Index, because that
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1562 @c would require changes in the glossary.texi's @node line.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1563 @c It is not after Concept Index for similar reasons.
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1564
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1565 @iftex
24093
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1566 @node Key Index, Command Index, Glossary, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1567 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1568 @printindex ky
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1569 @end iftex
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1570
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1571 @ifnottex
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1572 @node Key Index, Option Index, Glossary, Top
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1573 @unnumbered Key (Character) Index
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1574 @printindex ky
24093
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1575
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1576 @node Option Index, Command Index, Key Index, Top
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1577 @unnumbered Command-Line Options Index
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1578 @printindex op
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1579
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1580 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Option Index, Top
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1581 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1582 @printindex fn
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1583 @end ifnottex
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1584
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1585 @iftex
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1586 @node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1587 @unnumbered Command and Function Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1588 @printindex fn
37452
794af8f5baeb Add Option Index, produced only in the on-line version of the manual.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37247
diff changeset
1589 @end iftex
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Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1590
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591 @node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592 @unnumbered Variable Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593 @printindex vr
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595 @node Concept Index, Acknowledgments, Variable Index, Top
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1596 @unnumbered Concept Index
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1597 @printindex cp
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599 @bye
072a11211bd8 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1600
52401
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52261
diff changeset
1601 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52261
diff changeset
1602 arch-tag: ed48740a-410b-46ea-9387-c9a9252a3392
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52261
diff changeset
1603 @end ignore