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annotate lispref/backups.texi @ 31119:afa1f54fb948
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author | Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 22 Aug 2000 23:55:09 +0000 |
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6564 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
27189 | 3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999 |
4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
6564 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/backups | |
7 @node Backups and Auto-Saving, Buffers, Files, Top | |
8 @chapter Backups and Auto-Saving | |
9 | |
10 Backup files and auto-save files are two methods by which Emacs tries | |
11 to protect the user from the consequences of crashes or of the user's | |
12 own errors. Auto-saving preserves the text from earlier in the current | |
13 editing session; backup files preserve file contents prior to the | |
14 current session. | |
15 | |
16 @menu | |
17 * Backup Files:: How backup files are made; how their names are chosen. | |
18 * Auto-Saving:: How auto-save files are made; how their names are chosen. | |
19 * Reverting:: @code{revert-buffer}, and how to customize what it does. | |
20 @end menu | |
21 | |
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22 @node Backup Files |
6564 | 23 @section Backup Files |
24 @cindex backup file | |
25 | |
26 A @dfn{backup file} is a copy of the old contents of a file you are | |
27 editing. Emacs makes a backup file the first time you save a buffer | |
28 into its visited file. Normally, this means that the backup file | |
29 contains the contents of the file as it was before the current editing | |
30 session. The contents of the backup file normally remain unchanged once | |
31 it exists. | |
32 | |
33 Backups are usually made by renaming the visited file to a new name. | |
34 Optionally, you can specify that backup files should be made by copying | |
35 the visited file. This choice makes a difference for files with | |
36 multiple names; it also can affect whether the edited file remains owned | |
37 by the original owner or becomes owned by the user editing it. | |
38 | |
39 By default, Emacs makes a single backup file for each file edited. | |
40 You can alternatively request numbered backups; then each new backup | |
41 file gets a new name. You can delete old numbered backups when you | |
42 don't want them any more, or Emacs can delete them automatically. | |
43 | |
44 @menu | |
45 * Making Backups:: How Emacs makes backup files, and when. | |
46 * Rename or Copy:: Two alternatives: renaming the old file or copying it. | |
47 * Numbered Backups:: Keeping multiple backups for each source file. | |
48 * Backup Names:: How backup file names are computed; customization. | |
49 @end menu | |
50 | |
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51 @node Making Backups |
6564 | 52 @subsection Making Backup Files |
53 | |
54 @defun backup-buffer | |
55 This function makes a backup of the file visited by the current | |
56 buffer, if appropriate. It is called by @code{save-buffer} before | |
57 saving the buffer the first time. | |
58 @end defun | |
59 | |
60 @defvar buffer-backed-up | |
61 This buffer-local variable indicates whether this buffer's file has | |
62 been backed up on account of this buffer. If it is non-@code{nil}, then | |
63 the backup file has been written. Otherwise, the file should be backed | |
7336 | 64 up when it is next saved (if backups are enabled). This is a |
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65 permanent local; @code{kill-all-local-variables} does not alter it. |
6564 | 66 @end defvar |
67 | |
68 @defopt make-backup-files | |
12098 | 69 This variable determines whether or not to make backup files. If it |
6564 | 70 is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs creates a backup of each file when it is |
12098 | 71 saved for the first time---provided that @code{backup-inhibited} |
72 is @code{nil} (see below). | |
6564 | 73 |
12098 | 74 The following example shows how to change the @code{make-backup-files} |
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75 variable only in the Rmail buffers and not elsewhere. Setting it |
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76 @code{nil} stops Emacs from making backups of these files, which may |
25875 | 77 save disk space. (You would put this code in your init file.) |
6564 | 78 |
79 @smallexample | |
80 @group | |
81 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook | |
82 (function (lambda () | |
83 (make-local-variable | |
84 'make-backup-files) | |
85 (setq make-backup-files nil)))) | |
86 @end group | |
87 @end smallexample | |
88 @end defopt | |
89 | |
7336 | 90 @defvar backup-enable-predicate |
6564 | 91 This variable's value is a function to be called on certain occasions to |
7336 | 92 decide whether a file should have backup files. The function receives |
93 one argument, a file name to consider. If the function returns | |
94 @code{nil}, backups are disabled for that file. Otherwise, the other | |
95 variables in this section say whether and how to make backups. | |
6564 | 96 |
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97 @findex normal-backup-enable-predicate |
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98 The default value is @code{normal-backup-enable-predicate}, which checks |
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99 for files in @code{temporary-file-directory} and |
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100 @code{small-temporary-file-directory}. |
6564 | 101 @end defvar |
102 | |
103 @defvar backup-inhibited | |
104 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, backups are inhibited. It records | |
105 the result of testing @code{backup-enable-predicate} on the visited file | |
106 name. It can also coherently be used by other mechanisms that inhibit | |
12098 | 107 backups based on which file is visited. For example, VC sets this |
108 variable non-@code{nil} to prevent making backups for files managed | |
109 with a version control system. | |
7336 | 110 |
12098 | 111 This is a permanent local, so that changing the major mode does not lose |
112 its value. Major modes should not set this variable---they should set | |
7336 | 113 @code{make-backup-files} instead. |
6564 | 114 @end defvar |
115 | |
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116 @defvar backup-directory-alist |
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117 This variable's value is an alist of filename patterns and backup |
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118 directory names. Each element looks like |
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119 @smallexample |
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120 (@var{regexp} . @var{directory}) |
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121 @end smallexample |
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122 |
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123 @noindent |
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124 Backups of files with names matching @var{regexp} will be made in |
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125 @var{directory}. @var{directory} may be relative or absolute. If it is |
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126 absolute, so that all matching files are backed up into the same |
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127 directory, the file names in this directory will be the full name of the |
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128 file backed up with all directory separators changed to @samp{!} to |
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129 prevent clashes. This will not work correctly if your filesystem |
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130 truncates the resulting name. |
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131 |
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132 For the common case of all backups going into one directory, the alist |
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133 should contain a single element pairing @samp{"."} with the appropriate |
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134 directory name. |
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135 |
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136 If this variable is @code{nil}, or it fails to match a filename, the |
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137 backup is made in the original file's directory. |
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138 |
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139 On MS-DOS filesystems without long names this variable is always |
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140 ignored. |
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141 @end defvar |
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142 |
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143 @defvar make-backup-file-name-function |
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144 This variable's value is a function to use for making backups instead of |
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145 the default @code{make-backup-file-name}. A value of nil gives the |
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146 default @code{make-backup-file-name} behaviour. |
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147 |
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148 This could be buffer-local to do something special for for specific |
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149 files. If you define it, you may need to change |
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150 @code{backup-file-name-p} and @code{file-name-sans-versions} too. |
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151 @end defvar |
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152 |
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153 |
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154 @node Rename or Copy |
6564 | 155 @subsection Backup by Renaming or by Copying? |
156 @cindex backup files, how to make them | |
157 | |
158 There are two ways that Emacs can make a backup file: | |
159 | |
160 @itemize @bullet | |
161 @item | |
162 Emacs can rename the original file so that it becomes a backup file, and | |
163 then write the buffer being saved into a new file. After this | |
164 procedure, any other names (i.e., hard links) of the original file now | |
165 refer to the backup file. The new file is owned by the user doing the | |
166 editing, and its group is the default for new files written by the user | |
167 in that directory. | |
168 | |
169 @item | |
170 Emacs can copy the original file into a backup file, and then overwrite | |
171 the original file with new contents. After this procedure, any other | |
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172 names (i.e., hard links) of the original file continue to refer to the |
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173 current (updated) version of the file. The file's owner and group will |
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174 be unchanged. |
6564 | 175 @end itemize |
176 | |
177 The first method, renaming, is the default. | |
178 | |
179 The variable @code{backup-by-copying}, if non-@code{nil}, says to use | |
180 the second method, which is to copy the original file and overwrite it | |
181 with the new buffer contents. The variable @code{file-precious-flag}, | |
182 if non-@code{nil}, also has this effect (as a sideline of its main | |
183 significance). @xref{Saving Buffers}. | |
184 | |
185 @defvar backup-by-copying | |
186 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs always makes backup files by | |
187 copying. | |
188 @end defvar | |
189 | |
190 The following two variables, when non-@code{nil}, cause the second | |
191 method to be used in certain special cases. They have no effect on the | |
192 treatment of files that don't fall into the special cases. | |
193 | |
194 @defvar backup-by-copying-when-linked | |
195 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs makes backups by copying for | |
196 files with multiple names (hard links). | |
197 | |
198 This variable is significant only if @code{backup-by-copying} is | |
199 @code{nil}, since copying is always used when that variable is | |
200 non-@code{nil}. | |
201 @end defvar | |
202 | |
203 @defvar backup-by-copying-when-mismatch | |
204 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs makes backups by copying in cases | |
205 where renaming would change either the owner or the group of the file. | |
206 | |
207 The value has no effect when renaming would not alter the owner or | |
208 group of the file; that is, for files which are owned by the user and | |
209 whose group matches the default for a new file created there by the | |
210 user. | |
211 | |
212 This variable is significant only if @code{backup-by-copying} is | |
213 @code{nil}, since copying is always used when that variable is | |
214 non-@code{nil}. | |
215 @end defvar | |
216 | |
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217 @defvar backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch |
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218 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the same behavior as |
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219 @code{backup-by-copying-when-mismatch}, but only for certain user-id |
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220 values: namely, those less than or equal to a certain number. You set |
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221 this variable to that number. |
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222 |
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223 Thus, if you set @code{backup-by-copying-when-privileged-mismatch} |
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224 to 0, backup by copying is done for the superuser only, |
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225 when necessary to prevent a change in the owner of the file. |
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226 |
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227 The default is 200. |
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228 @end defvar |
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229 |
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230 @node Numbered Backups |
6564 | 231 @subsection Making and Deleting Numbered Backup Files |
232 | |
233 If a file's name is @file{foo}, the names of its numbered backup | |
234 versions are @file{foo.~@var{v}~}, for various integers @var{v}, like | |
235 this: @file{foo.~1~}, @file{foo.~2~}, @file{foo.~3~}, @dots{}, | |
236 @file{foo.~259~}, and so on. | |
237 | |
238 @defopt version-control | |
239 This variable controls whether to make a single non-numbered backup | |
240 file or multiple numbered backups. | |
241 | |
242 @table @asis | |
243 @item @code{nil} | |
244 Make numbered backups if the visited file already has numbered backups; | |
245 otherwise, do not. | |
246 | |
247 @item @code{never} | |
248 Do not make numbered backups. | |
249 | |
250 @item @var{anything else} | |
7336 | 251 Make numbered backups. |
6564 | 252 @end table |
253 @end defopt | |
254 | |
255 The use of numbered backups ultimately leads to a large number of | |
256 backup versions, which must then be deleted. Emacs can do this | |
7336 | 257 automatically or it can ask the user whether to delete them. |
6564 | 258 |
259 @defopt kept-new-versions | |
7336 | 260 The value of this variable is the number of newest versions to keep |
6564 | 261 when a new numbered backup is made. The newly made backup is included |
262 in the count. The default value is 2. | |
263 @end defopt | |
264 | |
265 @defopt kept-old-versions | |
266 The value of this variable is the number of oldest versions to keep | |
267 when a new numbered backup is made. The default value is 2. | |
268 @end defopt | |
269 | |
270 If there are backups numbered 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, and both of these | |
271 variables have the value 2, then the backups numbered 1 and 2 are kept | |
272 as old versions and those numbered 5 and 7 are kept as new versions; | |
7336 | 273 backup version 3 is excess. The function @code{find-backup-file-name} |
6564 | 274 (@pxref{Backup Names}) is responsible for determining which backup |
275 versions to delete, but does not delete them itself. | |
276 | |
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277 @defopt delete-old-versions |
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278 If this variable is @code{t}, then saving a file deletes excess |
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279 backup versions silently. If it is @code{nil}, that means |
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280 to ask for confirmation before deleting excess backups. |
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281 Otherwise, they are not deleted at all. |
6564 | 282 @end defopt |
283 | |
284 @defopt dired-kept-versions | |
285 This variable specifies how many of the newest backup versions to keep | |
286 in the Dired command @kbd{.} (@code{dired-clean-directory}). That's the | |
7336 | 287 same thing @code{kept-new-versions} specifies when you make a new backup |
6564 | 288 file. The default value is 2. |
289 @end defopt | |
290 | |
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291 @node Backup Names |
6564 | 292 @subsection Naming Backup Files |
293 | |
294 The functions in this section are documented mainly because you can | |
295 customize the naming conventions for backup files by redefining them. | |
296 If you change one, you probably need to change the rest. | |
297 | |
298 @defun backup-file-name-p filename | |
299 This function returns a non-@code{nil} value if @var{filename} is a | |
300 possible name for a backup file. A file with the name @var{filename} | |
301 need not exist; the function just checks the name. | |
302 | |
303 @smallexample | |
304 @group | |
305 (backup-file-name-p "foo") | |
306 @result{} nil | |
307 @end group | |
308 @group | |
309 (backup-file-name-p "foo~") | |
310 @result{} 3 | |
311 @end group | |
312 @end smallexample | |
313 | |
314 The standard definition of this function is as follows: | |
315 | |
316 @smallexample | |
317 @group | |
318 (defun backup-file-name-p (file) | |
319 "Return non-nil if FILE is a backup file \ | |
320 name (numeric or not)..." | |
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321 (string-match "~\\'" file)) |
6564 | 322 @end group |
323 @end smallexample | |
324 | |
325 @noindent | |
326 Thus, the function returns a non-@code{nil} value if the file name ends | |
327 with a @samp{~}. (We use a backslash to split the documentation | |
328 string's first line into two lines in the text, but produce just one | |
329 line in the string itself.) | |
330 | |
331 This simple expression is placed in a separate function to make it easy | |
332 to redefine for customization. | |
333 @end defun | |
334 | |
335 @defun make-backup-file-name filename | |
7336 | 336 This function returns a string that is the name to use for a |
6564 | 337 non-numbered backup file for file @var{filename}. On Unix, this is just |
338 @var{filename} with a tilde appended. | |
339 | |
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340 The standard definition of this function, on most operating systems, is |
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341 as follows: |
6564 | 342 |
343 @smallexample | |
344 @group | |
345 (defun make-backup-file-name (file) | |
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346 "Create the non-numeric backup file name for FILE..." |
6564 | 347 (concat file "~")) |
348 @end group | |
349 @end smallexample | |
350 | |
7336 | 351 You can change the backup-file naming convention by redefining this |
6564 | 352 function. The following example redefines @code{make-backup-file-name} |
7336 | 353 to prepend a @samp{.} in addition to appending a tilde: |
6564 | 354 |
355 @smallexample | |
356 @group | |
357 (defun make-backup-file-name (filename) | |
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358 (expand-file-name |
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359 (concat "." (file-name-nondirectory filename) "~") |
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360 (file-name-directory filename))) |
6564 | 361 @end group |
362 | |
363 @group | |
364 (make-backup-file-name "backups.texi") | |
365 @result{} ".backups.texi~" | |
366 @end group | |
367 @end smallexample | |
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368 |
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369 Some parts of Emacs, including some Dired commands, assume that backup |
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370 file names end with @samp{~}. If you do not follow that convention, it |
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371 will not cause serious problems, but these commands may give |
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372 less-than-desirable results. |
6564 | 373 @end defun |
374 | |
375 @defun find-backup-file-name filename | |
376 This function computes the file name for a new backup file for | |
377 @var{filename}. It may also propose certain existing backup files for | |
378 deletion. @code{find-backup-file-name} returns a list whose @sc{car} is | |
379 the name for the new backup file and whose @sc{cdr} is a list of backup | |
380 files whose deletion is proposed. | |
381 | |
382 Two variables, @code{kept-old-versions} and @code{kept-new-versions}, | |
383 determine which backup versions should be kept. This function keeps | |
384 those versions by excluding them from the @sc{cdr} of the value. | |
385 @xref{Numbered Backups}. | |
386 | |
387 In this example, the value says that @file{~rms/foo.~5~} is the name | |
388 to use for the new backup file, and @file{~rms/foo.~3~} is an ``excess'' | |
389 version that the caller should consider deleting now. | |
390 | |
391 @smallexample | |
392 @group | |
393 (find-backup-file-name "~rms/foo") | |
394 @result{} ("~rms/foo.~5~" "~rms/foo.~3~") | |
395 @end group | |
396 @end smallexample | |
397 @end defun | |
398 | |
399 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
400 @defun file-newest-backup filename | |
401 This function returns the name of the most recent backup file for | |
7336 | 402 @var{filename}, or @code{nil} if that file has no backup files. |
6564 | 403 |
7336 | 404 Some file comparison commands use this function so that they can |
405 automatically compare a file with its most recent backup. | |
6564 | 406 @end defun |
407 | |
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408 @node Auto-Saving |
6564 | 409 @section Auto-Saving |
410 @cindex auto-saving | |
411 | |
412 Emacs periodically saves all files that you are visiting; this is | |
413 called @dfn{auto-saving}. Auto-saving prevents you from losing more | |
414 than a limited amount of work if the system crashes. By default, | |
415 auto-saves happen every 300 keystrokes, or after around 30 seconds of | |
416 idle time. @xref{Auto-Save, Auto-Save, Auto-Saving: Protection Against | |
417 Disasters, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for information on auto-save | |
418 for users. Here we describe the functions used to implement auto-saving | |
419 and the variables that control them. | |
420 | |
421 @defvar buffer-auto-save-file-name | |
422 This buffer-local variable is the name of the file used for | |
423 auto-saving the current buffer. It is @code{nil} if the buffer | |
424 should not be auto-saved. | |
425 | |
426 @example | |
427 @group | |
428 buffer-auto-save-file-name | |
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429 @result{} "/xcssun/users/rms/lewis/#backups.texi#" |
6564 | 430 @end group |
431 @end example | |
432 @end defvar | |
433 | |
434 @deffn Command auto-save-mode arg | |
435 When used interactively without an argument, this command is a toggle | |
436 switch: it turns on auto-saving of the current buffer if it is off, and | |
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437 vice versa. With an argument @var{arg}, the command turns auto-saving |
6564 | 438 on if the value of @var{arg} is @code{t}, a nonempty list, or a positive |
439 integer. Otherwise, it turns auto-saving off. | |
440 @end deffn | |
441 | |
442 @defun auto-save-file-name-p filename | |
443 This function returns a non-@code{nil} value if @var{filename} is a | |
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444 string that could be the name of an auto-save file. It assumes |
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445 the usual naming convention for auto-save files: a name that |
6564 | 446 begins and ends with hash marks (@samp{#}) is a possible auto-save file |
447 name. The argument @var{filename} should not contain a directory part. | |
448 | |
449 @example | |
450 @group | |
451 (make-auto-save-file-name) | |
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452 @result{} "/xcssun/users/rms/lewis/#backups.texi#" |
6564 | 453 @end group |
454 @group | |
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455 (auto-save-file-name-p "#backups.texi#") |
6564 | 456 @result{} 0 |
457 @end group | |
458 @group | |
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459 (auto-save-file-name-p "backups.texi") |
6564 | 460 @result{} nil |
461 @end group | |
462 @end example | |
463 | |
464 The standard definition of this function is as follows: | |
465 | |
466 @example | |
467 @group | |
468 (defun auto-save-file-name-p (filename) | |
469 "Return non-nil if FILENAME can be yielded by..." | |
470 (string-match "^#.*#$" filename)) | |
471 @end group | |
472 @end example | |
473 | |
474 This function exists so that you can customize it if you wish to | |
475 change the naming convention for auto-save files. If you redefine it, | |
476 be sure to redefine the function @code{make-auto-save-file-name} | |
477 correspondingly. | |
478 @end defun | |
479 | |
480 @defun make-auto-save-file-name | |
481 This function returns the file name to use for auto-saving the current | |
24934 | 482 buffer. This is just the file name with hash marks (@samp{#}) prepended |
483 and appended to it. This function does not look at the variable | |
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484 @code{auto-save-visited-file-name} (described below); callers of this |
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485 function should check that variable first. |
6564 | 486 |
487 @example | |
488 @group | |
489 (make-auto-save-file-name) | |
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490 @result{} "/xcssun/users/rms/lewis/#backups.texi#" |
6564 | 491 @end group |
492 @end example | |
493 | |
494 The standard definition of this function is as follows: | |
495 | |
496 @example | |
497 @group | |
498 (defun make-auto-save-file-name () | |
499 "Return file name to use for auto-saves \ | |
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500 of current buffer.." |
6564 | 501 (if buffer-file-name |
502 @end group | |
503 @group | |
504 (concat | |
505 (file-name-directory buffer-file-name) | |
506 "#" | |
507 (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name) | |
508 "#") | |
509 (expand-file-name | |
510 (concat "#%" (buffer-name) "#")))) | |
511 @end group | |
512 @end example | |
513 | |
514 This exists as a separate function so that you can redefine it to | |
515 customize the naming convention for auto-save files. Be sure to | |
516 change @code{auto-save-file-name-p} in a corresponding way. | |
517 @end defun | |
518 | |
519 @defvar auto-save-visited-file-name | |
520 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs auto-saves buffers in | |
521 the files they are visiting. That is, the auto-save is done in the same | |
7336 | 522 file that you are editing. Normally, this variable is @code{nil}, so |
6564 | 523 auto-save files have distinct names that are created by |
524 @code{make-auto-save-file-name}. | |
525 | |
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526 When you change the value of this variable, the new value does not take |
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527 effect in an existing buffer until the next time auto-save mode is |
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528 reenabled in it. If auto-save mode is already enabled, auto-saves |
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529 continue to go in the same file name until @code{auto-save-mode} is |
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530 called again. |
6564 | 531 @end defvar |
532 | |
533 @defun recent-auto-save-p | |
534 This function returns @code{t} if the current buffer has been | |
535 auto-saved since the last time it was read in or saved. | |
536 @end defun | |
537 | |
538 @defun set-buffer-auto-saved | |
539 This function marks the current buffer as auto-saved. The buffer will | |
540 not be auto-saved again until the buffer text is changed again. The | |
541 function returns @code{nil}. | |
542 @end defun | |
543 | |
544 @defopt auto-save-interval | |
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545 The value of this variable specifies how often to do auto-saving, in |
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546 terms of number of input events. Each time this many additional input |
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547 events are read, Emacs does auto-saving for all buffers in which that is |
6564 | 548 enabled. |
549 @end defopt | |
550 | |
551 @defopt auto-save-timeout | |
552 The value of this variable is the number of seconds of idle time that | |
553 should cause auto-saving. Each time the user pauses for this long, | |
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554 Emacs does auto-saving for all buffers in which that is enabled. (If |
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555 the current buffer is large, the specified timeout is multiplied by a |
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556 factor that increases as the size increases; for a million-byte |
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557 buffer, the factor is almost 4.) |
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558 |
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559 If the value is zero or nil, then auto-saving is not done as a result |
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560 of idleness, only after a certain number of input events |
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561 as specified by @code{auto-save-interval}. |
6564 | 562 @end defopt |
563 | |
564 @defvar auto-save-hook | |
565 This normal hook is run whenever an auto-save is about to happen. | |
566 @end defvar | |
567 | |
568 @defopt auto-save-default | |
569 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, buffers that are visiting files | |
570 have auto-saving enabled by default. Otherwise, they do not. | |
571 @end defopt | |
572 | |
12098 | 573 @deffn Command do-auto-save &optional no-message current-only |
6564 | 574 This function auto-saves all buffers that need to be auto-saved. It |
575 saves all buffers for which auto-saving is enabled and that have been | |
576 changed since the previous auto-save. | |
577 | |
578 Normally, if any buffers are auto-saved, a message that says | |
579 @samp{Auto-saving...} is displayed in the echo area while auto-saving is | |
580 going on. However, if @var{no-message} is non-@code{nil}, the message | |
581 is inhibited. | |
12098 | 582 |
583 If @var{current-only} is non-@code{nil}, only the current buffer | |
584 is auto-saved. | |
6564 | 585 @end deffn |
586 | |
587 @defun delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary | |
588 This function deletes the current buffer's auto-save file if | |
589 @code{delete-auto-save-files} is non-@code{nil}. It is called every | |
590 time a buffer is saved. | |
591 @end defun | |
592 | |
593 @defvar delete-auto-save-files | |
594 This variable is used by the function | |
595 @code{delete-auto-save-file-if-necessary}. If it is non-@code{nil}, | |
596 Emacs deletes auto-save files when a true save is done (in the visited | |
597 file). This saves disk space and unclutters your directory. | |
598 @end defvar | |
599 | |
600 @defun rename-auto-save-file | |
601 This function adjusts the current buffer's auto-save file name if the | |
602 visited file name has changed. It also renames an existing auto-save | |
603 file. If the visited file name has not changed, this function does | |
604 nothing. | |
605 @end defun | |
606 | |
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607 @defvar buffer-saved-size |
7336 | 608 The value of this buffer-local variable is the length of the current |
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609 buffer, when it was last read in, saved, or auto-saved. This is |
7336 | 610 used to detect a substantial decrease in size, and turn off auto-saving |
611 in response. | |
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612 |
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613 If it is @minus{}1, that means auto-saving is temporarily shut off in |
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614 this buffer due to a substantial decrease in size. Explicitly saving |
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615 the buffer stores a positive value in this variable, thus reenabling |
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616 auto-saving. Turning auto-save mode off or on also updates this |
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617 variable, so that the substantial decrease in size is forgotten. |
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618 @end defvar |
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619 |
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620 @defvar auto-save-list-file-name |
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621 This variable (if non-@code{nil}) specifies a file for recording the |
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622 names of all the auto-save files. Each time Emacs does auto-saving, it |
12098 | 623 writes two lines into this file for each buffer that has auto-saving |
624 enabled. The first line gives the name of the visited file (it's empty | |
625 if the buffer has none), and the second gives the name of the auto-save | |
626 file. | |
627 | |
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628 When Emacs exits normally, it deletes this file; if Emacs crashes, you |
12098 | 629 can look in the file to find all the auto-save files that might contain |
630 work that was otherwise lost. The @code{recover-session} command uses | |
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631 this file to find them. |
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632 |
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633 The default name for this file specifies your home directory and starts |
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634 with @samp{.saves-}. It also contains the Emacs process @sc{id} and the |
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635 host name. |
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636 @end defvar |
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637 |
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638 @defvar auto-save-list-file-prefix |
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639 @tindex auto-save-list-file-prefix |
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640 After Emacs reads your init file, it initializes |
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641 @code{auto-save-list-file-name} (if you have not already set it |
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642 non-@code{nil}) based on this prefix, adding the host name and process |
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643 ID. If you set this to @code{nil} in your init file, then Emacs does |
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644 not initialize @code{auto-save-list-file-name}. |
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645 @end defvar |
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646 |
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647 @node Reverting |
6564 | 648 @section Reverting |
649 | |
650 If you have made extensive changes to a file and then change your mind | |
651 about them, you can get rid of them by reading in the previous version | |
652 of the file with the @code{revert-buffer} command. @xref{Reverting, , | |
653 Reverting a Buffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
654 | |
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655 @deffn Command revert-buffer &optional ignore-auto noconfirm |
6564 | 656 This command replaces the buffer text with the text of the visited |
657 file on disk. This action undoes all changes since the file was visited | |
658 or saved. | |
659 | |
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660 By default, if the latest auto-save file is more recent than the visited |
25981 | 661 file, and the argument @var{ignore-auto} is @code{nil}, |
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662 @code{revert-buffer} asks the user whether to use that auto-save |
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663 instead. When you invoke this command interactively, @var{ignore-auto} |
25981 | 664 is @code{t} if there is no numeric prefix argument; thus, the |
665 interactive default is not to check the auto-save file. | |
6564 | 666 |
667 Normally, @code{revert-buffer} asks for confirmation before it changes | |
668 the buffer; but if the argument @var{noconfirm} is non-@code{nil}, | |
669 @code{revert-buffer} does not ask for confirmation. | |
670 | |
671 Reverting tries to preserve marker positions in the buffer by using the | |
7336 | 672 replacement feature of @code{insert-file-contents}. If the buffer |
673 contents and the file contents are identical before the revert | |
674 operation, reverting preserves all the markers. If they are not | |
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675 identical, reverting does change the buffer; in that case, it preserves |
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676 the markers in the unchanged text (if any) at the beginning and end of |
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677 the buffer. Preserving any additional markers would be problematical. |
6564 | 678 @end deffn |
679 | |
7336 | 680 You can customize how @code{revert-buffer} does its work by setting |
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681 the variables described in the rest of this section. |
7336 | 682 |
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683 @defvar revert-without-query |
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684 This variable holds a list of files that should be reverted without |
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685 query. The value is a list of regular expressions. If the visited file |
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686 name matches one of these regular expressions, and the file has changed |
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687 on disk but the buffer is not modified, then @code{revert-buffer} |
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688 reverts the file without asking the user for confirmation. |
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689 @end defvar |
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690 |
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691 Some major modes customize @code{revert-buffer} by making |
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692 buffer-local bindings for these variables: |
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693 |
6564 | 694 @defvar revert-buffer-function |
7336 | 695 The value of this variable is the function to use to revert this buffer. |
696 If non-@code{nil}, it is called as a function with no arguments to do | |
697 the work of reverting. If the value is @code{nil}, reverting works the | |
698 usual way. | |
699 | |
700 Modes such as Dired mode, in which the text being edited does not | |
701 consist of a file's contents but can be regenerated in some other | |
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702 fashion, can give this variable a buffer-local value that is a function to |
7336 | 703 regenerate the contents. |
6564 | 704 @end defvar |
705 | |
706 @defvar revert-buffer-insert-file-contents-function | |
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707 The value of this variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the function to use to |
12098 | 708 insert the updated contents when reverting this buffer. The function |
709 receives two arguments: first the file name to use; second, @code{t} if | |
710 the user has asked to read the auto-save file. | |
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711 |
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712 The reason for a mode to set this variable instead of |
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713 @code{revert-buffer-function} is to avoid duplicating or replacing the |
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714 rest of what @code{revert-buffer} does: asking for confirmation, |
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715 clearing the undo list, deciding the proper major mode, and running the |
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716 hooks listed below. |
6564 | 717 @end defvar |
718 | |
719 @defvar before-revert-hook | |
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720 This normal hook is run by @code{revert-buffer} before |
6564 | 721 inserting the modified contents---but only if |
722 @code{revert-buffer-function} is @code{nil}. | |
723 @end defvar | |
724 | |
725 @defvar after-revert-hook | |
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726 This normal hook is run by @code{revert-buffer} after inserting |
6564 | 727 the modified contents---but only if @code{revert-buffer-function} is |
728 @code{nil}. | |
729 @end defvar |