annotate man/buffers.texi @ 59407:b0b469611a56

* macterm.c (XLoadQueryFont): Correctly handle 0 size font widths that are returned from some Japanese fonts.
author Steven Tamm <steventamm@mac.com>
date Fri, 07 Jan 2005 07:11:24 +0000
parents c2bec3c79554
children 7e4885de870d d8411455de48
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 2000, 2001, 2004
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3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @node Buffers, Windows, Files, Top
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6 @chapter Using Multiple Buffers
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7
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8 @cindex buffers
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9 The text you are editing in Emacs resides in an object called a
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10 @dfn{buffer}. Each time you visit a file, a buffer is created to hold the
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11 file's text. Each time you invoke Dired, a buffer is created to hold the
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12 directory listing. If you send a message with @kbd{C-x m}, a buffer named
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13 @samp{*mail*} is used to hold the text of the message. When you ask for a
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14 command's documentation, that appears in a buffer called @samp{*Help*}.
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15
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16 @cindex selected buffer
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17 @cindex current buffer
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18 At any time, one and only one buffer is @dfn{current}. It is also
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19 called the @dfn{selected buffer}. Often we say that a command operates on
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20 ``the buffer'' as if there were only one; but really this means that the
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21 command operates on the current buffer (most commands do).
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22
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23 When Emacs has multiple windows, each window has its own chosen
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24 buffer and displays it; at any time, only one of the windows is
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25 selected, and its chosen buffer is the current buffer. Each window's
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26 mode line normally displays the name of the window's chosen buffer
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27 (@pxref{Windows}).
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28
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29 Each buffer has a name, which can be of any length, and you can select
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30 any buffer by giving its name. Most buffers are made by visiting files,
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31 and their names are derived from the files' names. But you can also create
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32 an empty buffer with any name you want. A newly started Emacs has a buffer
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33 named @samp{*scratch*} which can be used for evaluating Lisp expressions in
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34 Emacs. The distinction between upper and lower case matters in buffer
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35 names.
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36
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37 Each buffer records individually what file it is visiting, whether it is
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38 modified, and what major mode and minor modes are in effect in it
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39 (@pxref{Major Modes}). Any Emacs variable can be made @dfn{local to} a
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40 particular buffer, meaning its value in that buffer can be different from
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41 the value in other buffers. @xref{Locals}.
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42
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43 @cindex buffer size, maximum
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44 A buffer's size cannot be larger than some maximum, which is defined
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45 by the largest buffer position representable by the @dfn{Emacs integer}
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46 data type. This is because Emacs tracks buffer positions using that
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47 data type. For 32-bit machines, the largest buffer size is 256
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48 megabytes.
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49
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50 @menu
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51 * Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
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52 * List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
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53 * Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onlyness; copying text.
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54 * Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
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55 * Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
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56 and operate variously on several of them.
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57 * Indirect Buffers:: An indirect buffer shares the text of another buffer.
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58 * Buffer Convenience:: Convenience and customization features for
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59 buffer handling.
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60 @end menu
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61
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62 @node Select Buffer
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63 @section Creating and Selecting Buffers
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64 @cindex change buffers
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65 @cindex switch buffers
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66
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67 @table @kbd
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68 @item C-x b @var{buffer} @key{RET}
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69 Select or create a buffer named @var{buffer} (@code{switch-to-buffer}).
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70 @item C-x 4 b @var{buffer} @key{RET}
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71 Similar, but select @var{buffer} in another window
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72 (@code{switch-to-buffer-other-window}).
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73 @item C-x 5 b @var{buffer} @key{RET}
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74 Similar, but select @var{buffer} in a separate frame
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75 (@code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}).
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76 @end table
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77
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78 @kindex C-x b
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79 @findex switch-to-buffer
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80 To select the buffer named @var{bufname}, type @kbd{C-x b @var{bufname}
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81 @key{RET}}. This runs the command @code{switch-to-buffer} with argument
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82 @var{bufname}. You can use completion on an abbreviation for the buffer
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83 name you want (@pxref{Completion}). An empty argument to @kbd{C-x b}
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84 specifies the buffer that was current most recently among those not
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85 now displayed in any window.
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86
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87 @kindex C-x 4 b
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88 @findex switch-to-buffer-other-window
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89 @vindex even-window-heights
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90 To select a buffer in a window other than the current one, type
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91 @kbd{C-x 4 b @var{bufname} @key{RET}}. This runs the command
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92 @code{switch-to-buffer-other-window} which displays the buffer
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93 @var{bufname} in another window. By default, if displaying the buffer
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94 causes two vertically adjacent windows to be displayed, the heights of
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95 those windows are evened out; to countermand that and preserve the
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96 window configuration, set the variable @code{even-window-heights} to
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97 @code{nil}.
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98
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99 @kindex C-x 5 b
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100 @findex switch-to-buffer-other-frame
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101 Similarly, @kbd{C-x 5 b @var{buffer} @key{RET}} runs the command
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102 @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame} which selects a buffer in another
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103 frame.
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104
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105 @vindex display-buffer-reuse-frames
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106 You can control how certain buffers are handled by these commands by
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107 customizing the variables @code{special-display-buffer-names},
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108 @code{special-display-regexps}, @code{same-window-buffer-names}, and
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109 @code{same-window-regexps}. See @ref{Force Same Window}, and
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110 @ref{Special Buffer Frames}, for more about these variables. In
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111 addition, if the value of @code{display-buffer-reuse-frames} is
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112 non-@code{nil}, and the buffer you want to switch to is already
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113 displayed in some frame, Emacs will raise that frame.
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114
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115 Most buffers are created by visiting files, or by Emacs commands that
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116 want to display some text, but you can also create a buffer explicitly
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117 by typing @kbd{C-x b @var{bufname} @key{RET}}. This makes a new, empty
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118 buffer that is not visiting any file, and selects it for editing. Such
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119 buffers are used for making notes to yourself. If you try to save one,
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120 you are asked for the file name to use. The new buffer's major mode is
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121 determined by the value of @code{default-major-mode} (@pxref{Major
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122 Modes}).
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123
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124 Note that @kbd{C-x C-f}, and any other command for visiting a file,
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125 can also be used to switch to an existing file-visiting buffer.
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126 @xref{Visiting}.
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127
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128 Emacs uses buffer names that start with a space for internal purposes.
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129 It treats these buffers specially in minor ways---for example, by
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130 default they do not record undo information. It is best to avoid using
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131 such buffer names yourself.
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132
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133 @node List Buffers
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134 @section Listing Existing Buffers
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135
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136 @table @kbd
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137 @item C-x C-b
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138 List the existing buffers (@code{list-buffers}).
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139 @end table
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140
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141 @cindex listing current buffers
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142 @kindex C-x C-b
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143 @findex list-buffers
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144 To display a list of all the buffers that exist, type @kbd{C-x C-b}.
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145 Each line in the list shows one buffer's name, major mode and visited
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146 file. The buffers are listed in the order that they were current; the
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147 buffers that were current most recently come first.
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148
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149 @samp{*} in the first field of a line indicates the buffer is ``modified.''
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150 If several buffers are modified, it may be time to save some with @kbd{C-x s}
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151 (@pxref{Saving}). @samp{%} indicates a read-only buffer. @samp{.} marks the
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152 current buffer. Here is an example of a buffer list:@refill
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153
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154 @smallexample
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155 CRM Buffer Size Mode File
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156 . * .emacs 3294 Emacs-Lisp ~/.emacs
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157 % *Help* 101 Help
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158 search.c 86055 C ~/cvs/emacs/src/search.c
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159 % src 20959 Dired by name ~/cvs/emacs/src/
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160 * *mail* 42 Mail
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161 % HELLO 1607 Fundamental ~/cvs/emacs/etc/HELLO
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162 % NEWS 481184 Outline ~/cvs/emacs/etc/NEWS
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163 *scratch* 191 Lisp Interaction
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164 * *Messages* 1554 Fundamental
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165 @end smallexample
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166
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167 @noindent
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168 Note that the buffer @samp{*Help*} was made by a help request; it is
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169 not visiting any file. The buffer @code{src} was made by Dired on the
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170 directory @file{~/cvs/emacs/src/}. You can list only buffers that are
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171 visiting files by giving the command a prefix; for instance, by typing
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172 @kbd{C-u C-x C-b}.
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173
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174 @code{list-buffers} omits buffers whose name begins with a blank,
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175 unless they visit files: such buffers are used internally by Emacs.
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176
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177 @need 2000
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178 @node Misc Buffer
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179 @section Miscellaneous Buffer Operations
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180
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181 @table @kbd
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182 @item C-x C-q
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183 Toggle read-only status of buffer (@code{toggle-read-only}).
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184 @item M-x rename-buffer @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}
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185 Change the name of the current buffer.
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186 @item M-x rename-uniquely
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187 Rename the current buffer by adding @samp{<@var{number}>} to the end.
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188 @item M-x view-buffer @key{RET} @var{buffer} @key{RET}
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189 Scroll through buffer @var{buffer}.
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190 @end table
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191
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192 @kindex C-x C-q
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193 @vindex buffer-read-only
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194 @cindex read-only buffer
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195 A buffer can be @dfn{read-only}, which means that commands to change
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196 its contents are not allowed. The mode line indicates read-only
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197 buffers with @samp{%%} or @samp{%*} near the left margin. Read-only
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198 buffers are usually made by subsystems such as Dired and Rmail that
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199 have special commands to operate on the text; also by visiting a file
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200 whose access control says you cannot write it.
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201
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202 @findex toggle-read-only
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203 If you wish to make changes in a read-only buffer, use the command
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204 @kbd{C-x C-q} (@code{toggle-read-only}). It makes a read-only buffer
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205 writable, and makes a writable buffer read-only. This
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206 works by setting the variable @code{buffer-read-only}, which has a local
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207 value in each buffer and makes the buffer read-only if its value is
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208 non-@code{nil}. If you have files under version control, you may find
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209 it convenient to bind @kbd{C-x C-q} to @code{vc-toggle-read-only}
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210 instead. Then, typing @kbd{C-x C-q} not only changes the read-only
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211 flag, but it also checks the file in or out. @xref{Version
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212 Control}.
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213
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214 @findex rename-buffer
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215 @kbd{M-x rename-buffer} changes the name of the current buffer. Specify
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216 the new name as a minibuffer argument. There is no default. If you
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217 specify a name that is in use for some other buffer, an error happens and
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218 no renaming is done.
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219
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220 @findex rename-uniquely
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221 @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely} renames the current buffer to a similar
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222 name with a numeric suffix added to make it both different and unique.
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223 This command does not need an argument. It is useful for creating
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224 multiple shell buffers: if you rename the @samp{*Shell*} buffer, then
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225 do @kbd{M-x shell} again, it makes a new shell buffer named
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226 @samp{*Shell*}; meanwhile, the old shell buffer continues to exist
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227 under its new name. This method is also good for mail buffers,
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228 compilation buffers, and most Emacs features that create special
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229 buffers with particular names. (With some of these features, such as
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230 @kbd{M-x compile}, @kbd{M-x grep} an @kbd{M-x info}, you need to
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231 switch to some other buffer before using the command, in order for it
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232 to make a different buffer.)
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233
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234 @findex view-buffer
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235 @kbd{M-x view-buffer} is much like @kbd{M-x view-file} (@pxref{Misc
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236 File Ops}) except that it examines an already existing Emacs buffer.
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237 View mode provides commands for scrolling through the buffer
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238 conveniently but not for changing it. When you exit View mode with
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239 @kbd{q}, that switches back to the buffer (and the position) which was
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240 previously displayed in the window. Alternatively, if you exit View
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241 mode with @kbd{e}, the buffer and the value of point that resulted from
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242 your perusal remain in effect.
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243
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244 The commands @kbd{M-x append-to-buffer} and @kbd{M-x insert-buffer}
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245 can be used to copy text from one buffer to another. @xref{Accumulating
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246 Text}.@refill
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247
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248 @node Kill Buffer
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249 @section Killing Buffers
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250
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251 @cindex killing buffers
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252 If you continue an Emacs session for a while, you may accumulate a
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253 large number of buffers. You may then find it convenient to @dfn{kill}
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254 the buffers you no longer need. On most operating systems, killing a
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255 buffer releases its space back to the operating system so that other
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256 programs can use it. Here are some commands for killing buffers:
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257
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258 @table @kbd
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259 @item C-x k @var{bufname} @key{RET}
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260 Kill buffer @var{bufname} (@code{kill-buffer}).
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261 @item M-x kill-some-buffers
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262 Offer to kill each buffer, one by one.
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263 @end table
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264
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265 @findex kill-buffer
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266 @findex kill-some-buffers
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267 @kindex C-x k
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268
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269 @kbd{C-x k} (@code{kill-buffer}) kills one buffer, whose name you
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270 specify in the minibuffer. The default, used if you type just
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271 @key{RET} in the minibuffer, is to kill the current buffer. If you
39cfe73648c8 selected buffer <=> current buffer.
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272 kill the current buffer, another buffer becomes current: one that was
39cfe73648c8 selected buffer <=> current buffer.
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273 current in the recent past but is not displayed in any window now. If
39cfe73648c8 selected buffer <=> current buffer.
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274 you ask to kill a file-visiting buffer that is modified (has unsaved
39cfe73648c8 selected buffer <=> current buffer.
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275 editing), then you must confirm with @kbd{yes} before the buffer is
39cfe73648c8 selected buffer <=> current buffer.
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276 killed.
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277
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278 The command @kbd{M-x kill-some-buffers} asks about each buffer, one by
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279 one. An answer of @kbd{y} means to kill the buffer. Killing the current
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280 buffer or a buffer containing unsaved changes selects a new buffer or asks
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281 for confirmation just like @code{kill-buffer}.
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282
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283 The buffer menu feature (@pxref{Several Buffers}) is also convenient
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284 for killing various buffers.
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285
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286 @vindex kill-buffer-hook
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287 If you want to do something special every time a buffer is killed, you
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288 can add hook functions to the hook @code{kill-buffer-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}).
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289
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290 @findex clean-buffer-list
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291 If you run one Emacs session for a period of days, as many people do,
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292 it can fill up with buffers that you used several days ago. The command
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293 @kbd{M-x clean-buffer-list} is a convenient way to purge them; it kills
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294 all the unmodified buffers that you have not used for a long time. An
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295 ordinary buffer is killed if it has not been displayed for three days;
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296 however, you can specify certain buffers that should never be killed
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297 automatically, and others that should be killed if they have been unused
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298 for a mere hour.
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299
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300 @cindex Midnight mode
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301 @vindex midnight-mode
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302 @vindex midnight-hook
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303 You can also have this buffer purging done for you, every day at
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304 midnight, by enabling Midnight mode. Midnight mode operates each day at
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305 midnight; at that time, it runs @code{clean-buffer-list}, or whichever
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306 functions you have placed in the normal hook @code{midnight-hook}
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307 (@pxref{Hooks}).
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308
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309 To enable Midnight mode, use the Customization buffer to set the
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310 variable @code{midnight-mode} to @code{t}. @xref{Easy Customization}.
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311
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312 @node Several Buffers
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313 @section Operating on Several Buffers
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314 @cindex buffer menu
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315
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316 The @dfn{buffer-menu} facility is like a ``Dired for buffers''; it allows
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317 you to request operations on various Emacs buffers by editing an Emacs
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318 buffer containing a list of them. You can save buffers, kill them
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319 (here called @dfn{deleting} them, for consistency with Dired), or display
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320 them.
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321
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322 @table @kbd
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323 @item M-x buffer-menu
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324 Begin editing a buffer listing all Emacs buffers.
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325 @item M-x buffer-menu-other-window.
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326 Similar, but do it in another window.
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327 @end table
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328
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329 @findex buffer-menu
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330 @findex buffer-menu-other-window
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331 The command @code{buffer-menu} writes a list of all Emacs
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332 buffers@footnote{Buffers which don't visit files and whose names begin
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333 with a space are omitted: these are used internally by Emacs.} into the
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334 buffer @samp{*Buffer List*}, and selects that buffer in Buffer Menu
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335 mode. The list in the @samp{*Buffer List*} buffer looks exactly as
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336 described in @ref{List Buffers}. The buffer is read-only, and can be
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337 changed only through the special commands described in this section.
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338 The usual Emacs cursor motion commands can be used in the @samp{*Buffer
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339 List*} buffer. The following commands apply to the buffer described on
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340 the current line.
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341
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342 @table @kbd
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343 @item d
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344 Request to delete (kill) the buffer, then move down. The request
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345 shows as a @samp{D} on the line, before the buffer name. Requested
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346 deletions take place when you type the @kbd{x} command.
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347 @item C-d
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348 Like @kbd{d} but move up afterwards instead of down.
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349 @item s
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350 Request to save the buffer. The request shows as an @samp{S} on the
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351 line. Requested saves take place when you type the @kbd{x} command.
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352 You may request both saving and deletion for the same buffer.
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353 @item x
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354 Perform previously requested deletions and saves.
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355 @item u
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356 Remove any request made for the current line, and move down.
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357 @item @key{DEL}
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358 Move to previous line and remove any request made for that line.
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359 @end table
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360
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361 The @kbd{d}, @kbd{C-d}, @kbd{s} and @kbd{u} commands to add or remove
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362 flags also move down (or up) one line. They accept a numeric argument
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363 as a repeat count.
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364
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
365 These commands operate immediately on the buffer listed on the current
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366 line:
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parents:
diff changeset
367
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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368 @table @kbd
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369 @item ~
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370 Mark the buffer ``unmodified.'' The command @kbd{~} does this
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
371 immediately when you type it.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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372 @item %
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parents:
diff changeset
373 Toggle the buffer's read-only flag. The command @kbd{%} does
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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374 this immediately when you type it.
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375 @item t
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376 Visit the buffer as a tags table. @xref{Select Tags Table}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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377 @end table
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378
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parents:
diff changeset
379 There are also commands to select another buffer or buffers:
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380
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parents:
diff changeset
381 @table @kbd
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382 @item q
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parents:
diff changeset
383 Quit the buffer menu---immediately display the most recent formerly
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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384 visible buffer in its place.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
385 @item @key{RET}
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386 @itemx f
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parents:
diff changeset
387 Immediately select this line's buffer in place of the @samp{*Buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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388 List*} buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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389 @item o
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diff changeset
390 Immediately select this line's buffer in another window as if by
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
391 @kbd{C-x 4 b}, leaving @samp{*Buffer List*} visible.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
392 @item C-o
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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393 Immediately display this line's buffer in another window, but don't
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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394 select the window.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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395 @item 1
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parents:
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396 Immediately select this line's buffer in a full-screen window.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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397 @item 2
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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398 Immediately set up two windows, with this line's buffer selected in
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
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parents: 54378
diff changeset
399 one, and the previously current buffer (aside from the buffer
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
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parents: 54378
diff changeset
400 @samp{*Buffer List*}) displayed in the other.
25829
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401 @item b
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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402 Bury the buffer listed on this line.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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403 @item m
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
404 Mark this line's buffer to be displayed in another window if you exit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
405 with the @kbd{v} command. The request shows as a @samp{>} at the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
406 beginning of the line. (A single buffer may not have both a delete
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
407 request and a display request.)
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408 @item v
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diff changeset
409 Immediately select this line's buffer, and also display in other windows
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parents:
diff changeset
410 any buffers previously marked with the @kbd{m} command. If you have not
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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411 marked any buffers, this command is equivalent to @kbd{1}.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
412 @end table
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parents:
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413
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
414 All that @code{buffer-menu} does directly is create and switch to a
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
415 suitable buffer, and turn on Buffer Menu mode. Everything else
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
416 described above is implemented by the special commands provided in
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
417 Buffer Menu mode. One consequence of this is that you can switch from
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
418 the @samp{*Buffer List*} buffer to another Emacs buffer, and edit there.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
419 You can reselect the @samp{*Buffer List*} buffer later, to perform the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
420 operations already requested, or you can kill it, or pay no further
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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421 attention to it.
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422
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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423 The only difference between @code{buffer-menu} and @code{list-buffers}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
424 is that @code{buffer-menu} switches to the @samp{*Buffer List*} buffer
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parents:
diff changeset
425 in the selected window; @code{list-buffers} displays it in another
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 window. If you run @code{list-buffers} (that is, type @kbd{C-x C-b})
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
427 and select the buffer list manually, you can use all of the commands
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
428 described here.
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parents:
diff changeset
429
56744
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
430 Normally, the buffer @samp{*Buffer List*} is not updated automatically when
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
431 buffers are created and killed; its contents are just text. If you have
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parents:
diff changeset
432 created, deleted or renamed buffers, the way to update @samp{*Buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433 List*} to show what you have done is to type @kbd{g}
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
434 (@code{revert-buffer}) or repeat the @code{buffer-menu} command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
435
56744
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
436 The @samp{*Buffer List*} buffer does automatically update every
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
437 @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds if you enable Auto Revert mode in
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
438 it. (As long as it is not marked modified.) Global Auto Revert mode
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
439 does not update the @samp{*Buffer List*} buffer by default, but it
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
440 does if @code{global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers} is non-@code{nil}.
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
441 @inforef{Autorevert,, emacs-xtra}, for details.
c2bec3c79554 (Buffers): Maximum buffer size is now 256M on 32-bit machines.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 54378
diff changeset
442
40491
4ce165b55ef1 (List Buffers, Several Buffers): Document that internal buffers are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39264
diff changeset
443 The command @code{buffer-menu-other-window} works the same as
4ce165b55ef1 (List Buffers, Several Buffers): Document that internal buffers are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39264
diff changeset
444 @code{buffer-menu}, except that it displays the buffers list in
4ce165b55ef1 (List Buffers, Several Buffers): Document that internal buffers are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39264
diff changeset
445 another window.
4ce165b55ef1 (List Buffers, Several Buffers): Document that internal buffers are
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39264
diff changeset
446
25829
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parents:
diff changeset
447 @node Indirect Buffers
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
448 @section Indirect Buffers
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449 @cindex indirect buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450 @cindex base buffer
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parents:
diff changeset
451
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
452 An @dfn{indirect buffer} shares the text of some other buffer, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
453 is called the @dfn{base buffer} of the indirect buffer. In some ways it
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454 is the analogue, for buffers, of a symbolic link between files.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 @table @kbd
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 @findex make-indirect-buffer
36455
0f5618d75b4a (Indirect Buffers): Add a @key[RET}.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36263
diff changeset
458 @item M-x make-indirect-buffer @key{RET} @var{base-buffer} @key{RET} @var{indirect-name} @key{RET}
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459 Create an indirect buffer named @var{indirect-name} whose base buffer
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 is @var{base-buffer}.
31056
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
461 @findex clone-indirect-buffer
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
462 @item M-x clone-indirect-buffer @key{RET}
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
463 Create an indirect buffer that is a twin copy of the current buffer.
36884
3067f258e551 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 36455
diff changeset
464 @item C-x 4 c
31056
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
465 @kindex C-x 4 c
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
466 @findex clone-indirect-buffer-other-window
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
467 Create an indirect buffer that is a twin copy of the current buffer, and
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
468 select it in another window (@code{clone-indirect-buffer-other-window}).
25829
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
470
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471 The text of the indirect buffer is always identical to the text of its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472 base buffer; changes made by editing either one are visible immediately
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473 in the other. But in all other respects, the indirect buffer and its
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474 base buffer are completely separate. They have different names,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 different values of point, different narrowing, different markers,
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 different major modes, and different local variables.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
478 An indirect buffer cannot visit a file, but its base buffer can. If
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
479 you try to save the indirect buffer, that actually works by saving the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
480 base buffer. Killing the base buffer effectively kills the indirect
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481 buffer, but killing an indirect buffer has no effect on its base buffer.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483 One way to use indirect buffers is to display multiple views of an
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 outline. @xref{Outline Views}.
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
485
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
486 A quick and handy way to make an indirect buffer is with the command
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
487 @kbd{M-x clone-indirect-buffer}. It creates and selects an indirect
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
488 buffer whose base buffer is the current buffer. With a numeric
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
489 argument, it prompts for the name of the indirect buffer; otherwise it
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
490 defaults to the name of the current buffer, modifying it by adding a
54270
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
491 @samp{<@var{n}>} suffix if required. @kbd{C-x 4 c}
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
492 (@code{clone-indirect-buffer-other-window}) works like @kbd{M-x
54270
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
493 clone-indirect-buffer}, but it selects the new buffer in another
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
494 window.
31056
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
495
54270
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
496 The more general way to make an indirect buffer is with the command
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
497 @kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}. It creates an indirect buffer from
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
498 buffer @var{base-buffer}, under the name @var{indirect-name}. It
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
499 prompts for both @var{base-buffer} and @var{indirect-name} using the
3f4d59c8c90d (Misc Buffer): Explain use of M-x rename-uniquely
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
500 minibuffer.
31056
3d90d6c1f3b9 Document clone-indirect-buffer.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30869
diff changeset
501
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
502 @node Buffer Convenience
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
503 @section Convenience Features and Customization of Buffer Handling
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
504
37121
f9bd7ef13ddb Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36884
diff changeset
505 This section describes several modes and features that make it more
f9bd7ef13ddb Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36884
diff changeset
506 convenient to switch between buffers.
f9bd7ef13ddb Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36884
diff changeset
507
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
508 @menu
31311
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
509 * Uniquify:: Buffer names can contain directory parts.
31815
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
510 * Iswitchb:: Switching between buffers with substrings.
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 46457
diff changeset
511 * Buffer Menus:: Configurable buffer menu.
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
512 @end menu
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
513
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
514 @node Uniquify
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
515 @subsection Making Buffer Names Unique
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
516
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
517 @cindex unique buffer names
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
518 @cindex directories in buffer names
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
519 When several buffers visit identically-named files, Emacs must give
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
520 the buffers distinct names. The usual method for making buffer names
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
521 unique adds @samp{<2>}, @samp{<3>}, etc. to the end of the buffer
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
522 names (all but one of them).
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
523
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
524 @vindex uniquify-buffer-name-style
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
525 Other methods work by adding parts of each file's directory to the
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
526 buffer name. To select one, customize the variable
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
527 @code{uniquify-buffer-name-style} (@pxref{Easy Customization}).
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
528
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
529 For instance, the @code{forward} naming method puts part of the
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
530 directory name at the beginning of the buffer name; using this method,
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
531 buffers visiting @file{/u/mernst/tmp/Makefile} and
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
532 @file{/usr/projects/zaphod/Makefile} would be named
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
533 @samp{tmp/Makefile} and @samp{zaphod/Makefile}, respectively (instead
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
534 of @samp{Makefile} and @samp{Makefile<2>}).
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
535
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
536 By contrast, the @code{post-forward} naming method would call the
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
537 buffers @samp{Makefile|tmp} and @samp{Makefile|zaphod}, and the
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
538 @code{reverse} naming method would call them @samp{Makefile\tmp} and
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
539 @samp{Makefile\zaphod}. The nontrivial difference between
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
540 @code{post-forward} and @code{reverse} occurs when just one directory
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
541 name is not enough to distinguish two files; then @code{reverse} puts
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
542 the directory names in reverse order, so that @file{/top/middle/file}
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
543 becomes @samp{file\middle\top}, while @code{post-forward} puts them in
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
544 forward order after the file name, as in @samp{file|top/middle}.
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
545
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
546 Which rule to follow for putting the directory names in the buffer
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
547 name is not very important if you are going to @emph{look} at the
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
548 buffer names before you type one. But as an experienced user, if you
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
549 know the rule, you won't have to look. And then you may find that one
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
550 rule or another is easier for you to remember and utilize fast.
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
551
31815
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
552 @node Iswitchb
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
553 @subsection Switching Between Buffers using Substrings
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
554
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
555 @findex iswitchb-mode
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
556 @cindex Iswitchb mode
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
557 @cindex mode, Iswitchb
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
558 @kindex C-x b @r{(Iswitchb mode)}
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
559 @kindex C-x 4 b @r{(Iswitchb mode)}
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
560 @kindex C-x 5 b @r{(Iswitchb mode)}
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
561 @kindex C-x 4 C-o @r{(Iswitchb mode)}
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
562
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
563 Iswitchb global minor mode provides convenient switching between
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
564 buffers using substrings of their names. It replaces the normal
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
565 definitions of @kbd{C-x b}, @kbd{C-x 4 b}, @kbd{C-x 5 b}, and @kbd{C-x
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
566 4 C-o} with alternative commands that are somewhat ``smarter.''
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
567
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
568 When one of these commands prompts you for a buffer name, you can
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
569 type in just a substring of the name you want to choose. As you enter
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
570 the substring, Iswitchb mode continuously displays a list of buffers
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
571 that match the substring you have typed.
31815
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
572
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
573 At any time, you can type @key{RET} to select the first buffer in
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
574 the list. So the way to select a particular buffer is to make it the
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
575 first in the list. There are two ways to do this. You can type more
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
576 of the buffer name and thus narrow down the list, excluding unwanted
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
577 buffers above the desired one. Alternatively, you can use @kbd{C-s}
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
578 and @kbd{C-r} to rotate the list until the desired buffer is first.
31815
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
579
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
580 @key{TAB} while entering the buffer name performs completion on the
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
581 string you have entered, based on the displayed list of buffers.
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
582
37121
f9bd7ef13ddb Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36884
diff changeset
583 To enable Iswitchb mode, type @kbd{M-x iswitchb-mode}, or customize
f9bd7ef13ddb Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36884
diff changeset
584 the variable @code{iswitchb-mode} to @code{t} (@pxref{Easy
f9bd7ef13ddb Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36884
diff changeset
585 Customization}).
f9bd7ef13ddb Minor changes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36884
diff changeset
586
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
587 @node Buffer Menus
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
588 @subsection Customizing Buffer Menus
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
589
31311
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
590 @findex bs-show
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
591 @cindex buffer list, customizable
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
592 @table @kbd
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
593 @item M-x bs-show
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
594 Make a list of buffers similarly to @kbd{M-x list-buffers} but
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
595 customizable.
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
596 @end table
a04fdd7a9207 bs-show
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31185
diff changeset
597
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
598 @kbd{M-x bs-show} pops up a buffer list similar to the one normally
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
599 displayed by @kbd{C-x C-b} but which you can customize. If you prefer
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
600 this to the usual buffer list, you can bind this command to @kbd{C-x
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
601 C-b}. To customize this buffer list, use the @code{bs} Custom group
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
602 (@pxref{Easy Customization}).
30869
1827bd720842 (Buffer Convenience): New.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 30772
diff changeset
603
31815
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
604 @findex msb-mode
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
605 @cindex mode, MSB
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
606 @cindex MSB mode
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
607 @cindex buffer menu
e0b702f0bc3c iswitchb, msb
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 31311
diff changeset
608 @findex mouse-buffer-menu
36143
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
609 @kindex C-Down-Mouse-1
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
610 MSB global minor mode (``MSB'' stands for ``mouse select buffer'')
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
611 provides a different and customizable mouse buffer menu which you may
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
612 prefer. It replaces the bindings of @code{mouse-buffer-menu},
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
613 normally on @kbd{C-Down-Mouse-1}, and the menu bar buffer menu. You
44a6f7ea121f Major rewrite of Uniquify node and Iswitchb node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 31815
diff changeset
614 can customize the menu in the @code{msb} Custom group.
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52041
diff changeset
615
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52041
diff changeset
616 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52041
diff changeset
617 arch-tag: 08c43460-f4f4-4b43-9cb5-1ea9ad991695
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 52041
diff changeset
618 @end ignore