Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/gnus-faq.texi @ 75323:b25895e8e0f5
Update copyright for years from Emacs 21 to present (mainly adding
2001).
(\year): Update to 2007.
(\version): Separate version year from copyright year.
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 20 Jan 2007 22:03:27 +0000 |
parents | aeb79612dc36 |
children | 3d45362f1d38 8dd8c8286063 |
rev | line source |
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1 @c \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 @c Uncomment 1st line before texing this file alone. |
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3 @c %**start of header |
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(Question 8.6): Update reference to the Gnus
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4 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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5 @c |
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6 @c Do not modify this file, it was generated from gnus-faq.xml, available from |
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7 @c <URL:http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/>. |
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8 @c |
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9 @setfilename gnus-faq.info |
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10 @settitle Frequently Asked Questions |
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11 @c %**end of header |
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12 @c |
25829 | 13 |
14 @node Frequently Asked Questions | |
15 @section Frequently Asked Questions | |
16 | |
17 @menu | |
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18 * FAQ - Changes:: |
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19 * FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ. |
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20 * FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ:: Installation of Gnus. |
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21 * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the |
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22 first buffer Gnus shows you. |
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23 * FAQ 3 - Getting Messages:: Making Gnus read your mail |
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24 and news. |
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25 * FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read |
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26 messages. |
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27 * FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet |
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28 postings. |
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29 * FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving, |
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30 searching and deleting messages. |
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31 * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while |
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32 offline. |
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33 * FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough. |
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34 * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster. |
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35 * FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ |
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36 explained. |
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38 | |
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39 @subheading Abstract |
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40 |
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41 This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. |
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42 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at |
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43 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}, |
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44 the Docbook source is available from |
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45 @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/, http://sourceforge.net}. |
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46 |
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47 Please submit features and suggestions to the |
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48 @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org, FAQ discussion list}. |
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49 The list is protected against junk mail with |
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50 @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html, qconfirm}. As |
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51 a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can |
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52 also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to |
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53 @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org, faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org} |
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54 and @uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss, browse |
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55 the archive (BROKEN)}. |
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56 |
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57 @node FAQ - Changes |
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58 @subheading Changes |
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59 |
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60 |
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61 |
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62 @itemize @bullet |
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63 |
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64 @item |
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65 Updated FAQ to reflect release of Gnus 5.10 and start of |
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66 No Gnus development. |
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67 @end itemize |
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68 |
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69 @node FAQ - Introduction |
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70 @subheading Introduction |
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71 |
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72 This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. |
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73 |
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74 Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented |
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75 as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade |
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76 now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of |
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77 that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The |
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78 original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA. |
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79 When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and |
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80 decided to rewrite Gnus. |
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81 |
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82 Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely |
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83 customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but |
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84 most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take |
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85 advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail |
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86 (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read |
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87 high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read |
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88 high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you |
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89 want. |
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90 |
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91 This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He |
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92 would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful |
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93 job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks, |
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94 Justin! |
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95 |
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96 If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at: |
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97 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}. |
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98 This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext |
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99 versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio |
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100 State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below |
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101 if you want information on obtaining it in another format. |
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102 |
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103 The information contained here was compiled with the assistance |
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104 of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or |
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105 misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry. |
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106 |
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107 @node FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ |
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108 @subsection Installation FAQ |
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110 @menu |
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111 * [1.1]:: What is the latest version of Gnus? |
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112 * [1.2]:: What's new in 5.10? |
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113 * [1.3]:: Where and how to get Gnus? |
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114 * [1.4]:: What to do with the tarball now? |
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115 * [1.5]:: I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus, what |
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116 are those? |
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117 * [1.6]:: Which version of Emacs do I need? |
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118 * [1.7]:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? |
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119 @end menu |
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120 |
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121 @node [1.1] |
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122 @subsubheading Question 1.1 |
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123 |
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124 What is the latest version of Gnus? |
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125 |
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126 @subsubheading Answer |
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127 |
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128 Jingle please: Gnus 5.10 is released, get it while it's |
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129 hot! As well as the step in version number is rather |
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130 small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you |
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131 shouldn't miss. The current release (5.10.8) should be at |
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132 least as stable as the latest release of the 5.8 series. |
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133 |
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134 @node [1.2] |
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135 @subsubheading Question 1.2 |
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136 |
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137 What's new in 5.10? |
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138 |
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139 @subsubheading Answer |
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140 |
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141 First of all, you should have a look into the file |
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142 GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball, |
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143 there the most important changes are listed. Here's a |
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144 short list of the changes I find especially |
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145 important/interesting: |
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146 |
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147 @itemize @bullet |
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148 |
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149 @item |
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150 Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now |
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151 active by default. |
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152 |
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153 @item |
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154 Many new article washing functions for dealing with |
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155 ugly formatted articles. |
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156 |
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157 @item |
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158 Anti Spam features. |
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159 |
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160 @item |
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161 Message-utils now included in Gnus. |
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163 @item | |
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164 New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for |
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165 a complex trn-style thread tree. |
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166 @end itemize |
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167 |
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168 @node [1.3] |
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169 @subsubheading Question 1.3 |
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170 |
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171 Where and how to get Gnus? |
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172 |
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173 @subsubheading Answer |
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174 |
73269 | 175 Gnus is released independent from releases of Emacs and XEmacs. |
176 Therefore, the version bundled with Emacs or the version in XEmacs' | |
177 package system might not be up to date (e.g. Gnus 5.9 bundled with Emacs | |
178 20 is outdated). | |
179 @c | |
180 You can get the latest released version of Gnus from | |
181 @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz} or via anonymous FTP from | |
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182 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}. |
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183 |
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184 @node [1.4] |
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185 @subsubheading Question 1.4 |
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186 |
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187 What to do with the tarball now? |
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188 |
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189 @subsubheading Answer |
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190 |
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191 Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common |
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192 @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle. |
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193 (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from |
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194 @uref{http://www.cygwin.com} |
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195 which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the |
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196 tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from |
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197 @uref{http://www.winace.com}) |
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198 and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install |
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199 Gnus.) If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus |
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200 system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the |
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201 following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs: |
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202 |
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203 @example |
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204 (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp") |
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205 (if (featurep 'xemacs) |
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206 (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/") |
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207 (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")) |
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208 @end example |
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209 @noindent |
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210 |
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211 Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff |
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212 before this line, on MS Windows use something like |
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213 "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/"). |
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214 |
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215 @node [1.5] |
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216 @subsubheading Question 1.5 |
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217 |
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218 I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus, |
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219 what are those? |
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220 |
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221 @subsubheading Answer |
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222 |
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223 Oort Gnus was the name of the development version of |
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224 Gnus, which became Gnus 5.10 in autumn 2003. No Gnus is |
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225 the name of the current development version which will |
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226 once become Gnus 5.12 or Gnus 6. (If you're wondering why |
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227 not 5.11, the odd version numbers are normally used for |
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228 the Gnus versions bundled with Emacs) |
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229 |
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230 @node [1.6] |
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231 @subsubheading Question 1.6 |
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232 |
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233 Which version of Emacs do I need? |
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234 |
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235 @subsubheading Answer |
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236 |
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237 Gnus 5.10 requires an Emacs version that is greater than or equal |
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238 to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1. |
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239 The development versions of Gnus (aka No Gnus) requires Emacs 21 |
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240 or XEmacs 21.4. |
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241 |
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242 @node [1.7] |
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243 @subsubheading Question 1.7 |
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244 |
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245 How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs? |
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246 |
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247 @subsubheading Answer |
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248 |
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249 You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp |
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250 files are byte-compiled to a format which is different |
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251 depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy |
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252 of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs. |
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253 |
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254 @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer |
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255 @subsection Startup / Group buffer |
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256 |
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257 @menu |
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258 * [2.1]:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save |
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259 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and |
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260 how to prevent it? |
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261 * [2.2]:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, |
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262 what's this? |
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263 * [2.3]:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? |
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264 * [2.4]:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to |
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265 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse through |
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266 them? |
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267 * [2.5]:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to |
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268 sort the groups in a topic? |
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269 @end menu |
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270 |
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271 @node [2.1] |
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272 @subsubheading Question 2.1 |
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273 |
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274 Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save |
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275 file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean |
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276 and how to prevent it? |
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277 |
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278 @subsubheading Answer |
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279 |
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280 This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it |
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281 wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its |
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282 informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you |
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283 are now asked if you want to restore those informations |
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284 from the auto-save file. |
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285 |
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286 To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus |
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287 via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of |
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288 just killing Emacs. |
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289 |
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290 @node [2.2] |
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291 @subsubheading Question 2.2 |
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292 |
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293 Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, |
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294 what's this? |
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295 |
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296 @subsubheading Answer |
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297 |
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298 You get the message described in the q/a pair above while |
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299 starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same |
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300 problem, so read the answer above. |
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301 |
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302 @node [2.3] |
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303 @subsubheading Question 2.3 |
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304 |
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305 How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer? |
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306 |
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307 @subsubheading Answer |
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308 |
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309 You've got to tweak the value of the variable |
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310 gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line |
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311 Specification" for information on how to do this. An |
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312 example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)): |
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313 |
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314 @example |
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315 (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n") |
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316 @end example |
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317 @noindent |
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318 |
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319 @node [2.4] |
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320 @subsubheading Question 2.4 |
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321 |
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322 My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to |
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323 sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse |
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324 through them? |
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325 |
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326 @subsubheading Answer |
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327 |
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328 Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your |
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329 groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with |
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330 Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under |
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331 the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under |
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332 the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music. |
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333 |
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334 To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now |
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335 you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic |
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336 at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to |
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337 a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the |
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338 menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the |
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339 beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have |
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340 the groups nicely indented. |
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341 |
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342 @node [2.5] |
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343 @subsubheading Question 2.5 |
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344 |
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345 How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to |
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346 sort the groups in a topic? |
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347 |
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348 @subsubheading Answer |
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349 |
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350 Move point over the group you want to move and |
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351 hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the |
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352 place where you want the group to be and |
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353 hit @samp{C-y}. |
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354 |
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355 @node FAQ 3 - Getting Messages |
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356 @subsection Getting Messages |
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357 |
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358 @menu |
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359 * [3.1]:: I just installed Gnus, started it via @samp{M-x gnus} |
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360 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? |
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361 * [3.2]:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus.el |
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362 means. |
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363 * [3.3]:: My news server requires authentication, how to store user |
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364 name and password on disk? |
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365 * [3.4]:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to |
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366 subscribe to a group. |
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367 * [3.5]:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed |
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368 to post on this server as well as I am, what's that? |
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369 * [3.6]:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this |
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370 possible? |
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371 * [3.7]:: And how about local spool files? |
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372 * [3.8]:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read |
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373 my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it? |
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374 * [3.9]:: And what about IMAP? |
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375 * [3.10]:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can |
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376 I use Gnus to read my mail from it? |
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377 * [3.11]:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it |
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378 retrieves via POP3? |
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379 @end menu |
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380 |
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381 @node [3.1] |
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382 @subsubheading Question 3.1 |
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383 |
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384 I just installed Gnus, started it via |
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385 @samp{M-x gnus} |
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386 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do? |
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387 |
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388 @subsubheading Answer |
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389 |
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390 You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read |
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391 the documentation for information on how to do this. As a |
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392 first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus.el: |
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393 |
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394 @example |
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395 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net")) |
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396 (setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net") |
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397 (setq user-full-name "Your Name") |
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398 @end example |
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399 @noindent |
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400 |
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401 @node [3.2] |
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402 @subsubheading Question 3.2 |
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403 |
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404 I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus.el means. |
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405 |
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406 @subsubheading Answer |
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407 |
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408 The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look |
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409 for the configuration files. However, you don't really |
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410 need to know what this means, it suffices that Emacs knows |
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411 what it means :-) You can type |
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412 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET } |
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413 (yes, with the forward slash, even on Windows), and |
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414 Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most |
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415 likely be new, and thus empty.) |
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416 However, I'd discourage you from doing so, since the |
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417 directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what |
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418 you want, so let's do it the correct way. |
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419 The first thing you've got to do is to |
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420 create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory name |
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421 please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment |
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422 variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x |
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423 or Me include the line |
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424 |
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425 @example |
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426 SET HOME=C:\myhome |
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427 @end example |
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428 @noindent |
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429 |
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430 in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, |
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431 hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it |
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432 doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll |
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433 find the possibility to set environment variables, create |
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434 a new one with name HOME and value C:\myhome, a reboot is |
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435 not necessary. |
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436 |
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437 Now to create ~/.gnus.el, say |
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438 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET C-x C-s}. |
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439 in Emacs. |
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440 |
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441 @node [3.3] |
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442 @subsubheading Question 3.3 |
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443 |
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444 My news server requires authentication, how to store |
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445 user name and password on disk? |
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446 |
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447 @subsubheading Answer |
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448 |
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449 Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this |
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450 |
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451 @example |
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452 machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword |
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453 @end example |
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454 @noindent |
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455 . |
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456 Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you |
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457 work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix |
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458 say |
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459 @example |
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460 chmod 600 ~/.authinfo |
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461 @end example |
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462 @noindent |
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463 |
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464 in a shell.) |
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465 |
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466 @node [3.4] |
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467 @subsubheading Question 3.4 |
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468 |
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469 Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to |
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470 subscribe to a group. |
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471 |
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472 @subsubheading Answer |
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473 |
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474 If you know the name of the group say @samp{U |
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475 name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the |
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476 tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer, |
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477 this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the |
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478 cursor) over the server which carries the group you want, |
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479 hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group |
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480 you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u} |
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481 to subscribe to it. |
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482 |
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483 @node [3.5] |
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484 @subsubheading Question 3.5 |
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485 |
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486 Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to |
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487 post on this server as well as I am, what's that? |
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488 |
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489 @subsubheading Answer |
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490 |
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491 Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full |
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492 access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo |
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493 to those servers append |
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494 |
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495 @example |
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496 force yes |
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497 @end example |
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498 @noindent |
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499 |
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500 to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo. |
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501 |
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502 @node [3.6] |
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503 @subsubheading Question 3.6 |
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504 |
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505 I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible? |
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506 |
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507 @subsubheading Answer |
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508 |
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509 Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the |
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510 variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like |
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511 this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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512 |
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513 @example |
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514 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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515 '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net")) |
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516 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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517 '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net")) |
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518 @end example |
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519 @noindent |
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520 |
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521 @node [3.7] |
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522 @subsubheading Question 3.7 |
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523 |
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524 And how about local spool files? |
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525 |
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526 @subsubheading Answer |
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527 |
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528 No problem, this is just one more select method called |
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529 nnspool, so you want this: |
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530 |
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531 @example |
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532 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool "")) |
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533 @end example |
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534 @noindent |
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535 |
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536 Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source: |
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537 |
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538 @example |
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539 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool "")) |
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540 @end example |
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541 @noindent |
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542 |
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543 Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you |
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544 want something different, change the line above to something like this: |
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545 |
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546 @example |
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547 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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548 '(nnspool "" |
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549 (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir"))) |
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550 @end example |
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551 @noindent |
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552 |
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553 This sets the spool directory for this server only. |
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554 You might have to specify more stuff like the program used |
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555 to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this. |
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556 |
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557 @node [3.8] |
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558 @subsubheading Question 3.8 |
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559 |
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560 OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail |
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561 with Gnus, too. How to do it? |
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562 |
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563 @subsubheading Answer |
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564 |
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565 That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources |
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566 for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many |
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567 different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are |
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568 these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and |
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569 send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like |
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570 fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from |
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571 where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by |
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572 Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even |
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573 need a combination of the above cases. |
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574 |
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575 However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way |
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576 it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end |
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577 to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most |
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578 commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file |
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579 and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one |
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580 file per group approach if your file system has problems with |
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581 many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the |
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582 choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus.el: |
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583 |
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584 @example |
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585 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml "")) |
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586 @end example |
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587 @noindent |
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588 |
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589 As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's |
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590 |
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591 @example |
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592 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder "")) |
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593 @end example |
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594 @noindent |
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595 |
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596 Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If |
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597 it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this: |
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598 |
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599 @example |
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600 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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601 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net" |
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602 :user "yourUserName" |
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603 :password "yourPassword"))) |
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604 @end example |
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605 @noindent |
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606 |
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607 Make sure ~/.gnus.el isn't readable to others if you store |
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608 your password there. If you want to read your mail from a |
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609 traditional spool file on your local machine, it's |
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610 |
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611 @example |
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612 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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613 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file")) |
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614 @end example |
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615 @noindent |
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616 |
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617 If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by |
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618 postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's |
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619 |
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620 @example |
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621 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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622 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/" |
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623 :subdirs ("cur" "new"))) |
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624 @end example |
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625 @noindent |
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626 |
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627 And finally if you want to read your mail from several files |
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628 in one directory, for example because procmail already split your |
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629 mail, it's |
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630 |
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631 @example |
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632 (eval-after-load "mail-source" |
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633 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources |
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634 '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/" |
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635 :suffix ".prcml"))) |
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636 @end example |
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637 @noindent |
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638 |
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639 Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the |
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640 suffix .prcml. |
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641 |
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642 OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you |
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643 want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing |
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644 the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do |
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645 anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an |
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646 SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus.el |
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647 |
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648 @example |
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649 (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) |
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650 (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it) |
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651 (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net") |
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652 @end example |
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653 @noindent |
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654 |
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655 @node [3.9] |
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656 @subsubheading Question 3.9 |
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657 |
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658 And what about IMAP? |
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659 |
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660 @subsubheading Answer |
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661 |
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662 There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is |
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663 to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from |
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664 the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do |
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665 this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to |
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666 ~/.gnus.el |
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667 |
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668 @example |
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669 (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com" |
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670 :user "username" |
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671 :pass "password" |
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672 :stream network |
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673 :authentication login |
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674 :mailbox "INBOX" |
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675 :fetchflag "\\Seen")) |
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676 @end example |
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677 @noindent |
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678 |
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679 You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or |
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680 authentication, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source |
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681 Specifiers" for possible values. |
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682 |
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683 If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to |
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684 follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap |
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685 back end to your select method and give the information |
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686 about the server there. |
25829 | 687 |
688 @example | |
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689 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods |
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690 '(nnimap "Give the baby a name" |
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691 (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net") |
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692 (nnimap-port 143) |
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693 (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*"))) |
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694 @end example |
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695 @noindent |
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696 |
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697 Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the |
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698 server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual |
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699 Node "IMAP" for detailed information. |
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700 |
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701 @node [3.10] |
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702 @subsubheading Question 3.10 |
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703 |
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704 At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use |
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705 Gnus to read my mail from it? |
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706 |
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707 @subsubheading Answer |
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708 |
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709 Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for |
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710 activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions |
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711 above. |
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712 |
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713 @node [3.11] |
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714 @subsubheading Question 3.11 |
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715 |
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716 Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it |
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717 retrieves via POP3? |
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718 |
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719 @subsubheading Answer |
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720 |
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721 First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work, |
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722 if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP |
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723 Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the |
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724 server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you |
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725 need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined |
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726 functionality to do so. |
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727 |
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728 However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to |
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729 achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external |
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730 program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them |
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731 on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you |
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732 could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use |
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733 Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server. |
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734 |
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735 The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus |
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736 uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable |
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737 of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get |
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738 the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el, |
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739 look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell |
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740 Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For |
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741 GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same |
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742 (If you know the home of this file, please send me an |
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743 e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program |
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744 (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node |
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745 "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do |
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746 it. |
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747 |
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748 @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages |
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749 @subsection Reading messages |
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750 |
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751 @menu |
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752 * [4.1]:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to |
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753 view them again? |
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754 * [4.2]:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I |
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755 enter a group, even when it's read? |
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756 * [4.3]:: How to view the headers of a message? |
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757 * [4.4]:: How to view the raw unformatted message? |
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758 * [4.5]:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at |
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759 the top of the article buffer? |
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760 * [4.6]:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the |
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761 text part if it's available. How to do it? |
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762 * [4.7]:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my |
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763 HTML-mails? |
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764 * [4.8]:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails |
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765 more readable? |
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766 * [4.9]:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific |
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767 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight |
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768 more interesting ones in some way? |
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769 * [4.10]:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, |
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770 or set other variables specific for some groups? |
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771 * [4.11]:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to |
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772 those? |
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773 * [4.12]:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus |
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774 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail |
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775 groups. Is this a bug? |
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776 * [4.13]:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how |
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777 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? |
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778 * [4.14]:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to |
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779 tweak it? |
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780 * [4.15]:: How to split incoming mails in several groups? |
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781 @end menu |
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782 |
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783 @node [4.1] |
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784 @subsubheading Question 4.1 |
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785 |
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786 When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again? |
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787 |
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788 @subsubheading Answer |
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789 |
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790 If you enter the group by saying |
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791 @samp{RET} |
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792 in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say |
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793 @samp{C-u RET} |
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794 instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest say |
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795 @samp{C-u 300 RET} |
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796 |
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797 Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say |
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798 |
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799 @example |
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800 (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some) |
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801 @end example |
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802 @noindent |
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803 |
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804 in ~/.gnus.el to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with t to load |
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805 all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is |
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806 fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group). |
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807 |
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808 If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say |
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809 @samp{/o N} |
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810 In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8 |
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811 |
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812 If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading, |
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813 you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread |
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814 the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend. |
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815 |
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816 @node [4.2] |
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817 @subsubheading Question 4.2 |
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818 |
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819 How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I |
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820 enter a group, even when it's read? |
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821 |
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822 @subsubheading Answer |
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823 |
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824 You can tick important messages. To do this hit |
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825 @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer |
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826 over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit |
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827 either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick |
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828 mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c} |
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829 (which deletes all marks for the message). |
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830 |
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831 @node [4.3] |
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832 @subsubheading Question 4.3 |
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833 |
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834 How to view the headers of a message? |
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835 |
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836 @subsubheading Answer |
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837 |
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838 Say @samp{t} |
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839 to show all headers, one more |
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840 @samp{t} |
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841 hides them again. |
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842 |
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843 @node [4.4] |
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844 @subsubheading Question 4.4 |
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845 |
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846 How to view the raw unformatted message? |
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847 |
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848 @subsubheading Answer |
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849 |
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850 Say |
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851 @samp{C-u g} |
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852 to show the raw message |
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853 @samp{g} |
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854 returns to normal view. |
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855 |
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856 @node [4.5] |
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857 @subsubheading Question 4.5 |
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858 |
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859 How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at |
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860 the top of the article buffer? |
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861 |
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862 @subsubheading Answer |
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863 |
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864 The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers |
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865 are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines |
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866 which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject, |
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867 date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA |
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868 say this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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869 |
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870 @example |
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871 (setq gnus-visible-headers |
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872 '("^From" "^Subject" "^Date" "^Newsgroups" "^Followup-To" |
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873 "^User-Agent" "^X-Newsreader" "^X-Mailer")) |
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874 @end example |
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875 @noindent |
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876 |
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877 @node [4.6] |
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878 @subsubheading Question 4.6 |
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879 |
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880 I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the |
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881 text part if it's available. How to do it? |
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882 |
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883 @subsubheading Answer |
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884 |
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885 Say |
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886 |
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887 @example |
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888 (eval-after-load "mm-decode" |
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889 '(progn |
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890 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html") |
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891 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext"))) |
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892 @end example |
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893 @noindent |
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894 |
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895 in ~/.gnus.el. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add |
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896 |
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897 @example |
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898 (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display)) |
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899 @end example |
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900 @noindent |
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901 |
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902 too. |
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903 |
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904 @node [4.7] |
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905 @subsubheading Question 4.7 |
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906 |
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907 Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails? |
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908 |
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909 @subsubheading Answer |
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910 |
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911 Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the |
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912 choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which |
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913 one is used can be specified in the variable |
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914 mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your |
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915 mail say |
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916 |
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917 @example |
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918 (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links) |
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919 @end example |
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920 @noindent |
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921 |
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922 @node [4.8] |
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923 @subsubheading Question 4.8 |
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924 |
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925 Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails |
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926 more readable? |
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927 |
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928 @subsubheading Answer |
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929 |
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930 Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can |
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931 find them if you browse through the menu, item |
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932 Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap |
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933 long lines" (@samp{W w}), "Decode ROT13" |
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934 (@samp{W r}) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs |
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935 the dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products |
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936 (@samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify. |
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937 See @samp{W Y C-h} or have a look at the menus for |
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938 other deuglifications). Outlook deuglify is only available since |
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939 Gnus 5.10. |
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940 |
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941 @node [4.9] |
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942 @subsubheading Question 4.9 |
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943 |
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944 Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific |
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945 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I |
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946 highlight more interesting ones in some way? |
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947 |
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948 @subsubheading Answer |
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949 |
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950 You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules |
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951 which assign each message an integer value. Depending on |
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952 the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if |
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953 it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the |
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954 value is low, say -800) or some other action happens. |
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955 |
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956 There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign |
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957 the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set |
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958 up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're |
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959 reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want |
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960 to ignore his messages in the future. Hit |
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961 @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score. |
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962 Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall |
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963 be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities, |
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964 we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from |
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965 header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want. |
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966 Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or |
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967 @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards |
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968 everything but the name to score down all authors with the given |
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969 name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell |
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970 Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g. |
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971 @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last |
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972 forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say |
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973 @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}. |
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974 |
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975 You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V |
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976 f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name |
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977 of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in |
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978 only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the |
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979 Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list |
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980 whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists |
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981 is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match, |
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982 which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the |
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983 matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the |
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984 following to your all.Score: |
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985 |
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986 @example |
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987 (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s)) |
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988 ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s))) |
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989 @end example |
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990 @noindent |
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991 |
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992 This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me |
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993 and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly |
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994 indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course |
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995 nobody with a sane mind would do this :-) |
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996 |
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997 The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus |
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998 watches you and tries to find out what you find |
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999 interesting and what annoying and sets up rules |
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1000 which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help |
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1001 when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate |
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1002 adaptive scoring say |
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1003 |
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1004 @example |
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1005 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t) |
25829 | 1006 @end example |
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1007 @noindent |
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1008 |
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1009 in ~/.gnus.el. |
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1010 |
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1011 @node [4.10] |
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1012 @subsubheading Question 4.10 |
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1013 |
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1014 How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or |
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1015 set other variables specific for some groups? |
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1016 |
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1017 @subsubheading Answer |
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1018 |
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1019 While in group buffer move point over the group and hit |
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1020 @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you |
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1021 can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer |
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1022 you'll find an item that allows you to set variables |
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1023 locally for the group. To disable threading enter |
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1024 gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as |
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1025 value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when |
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1026 you're ready. |
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1027 |
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1028 @node [4.11] |
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1029 @subsubheading Question 4.11 |
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1030 |
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1031 Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to |
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1032 those? |
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1033 |
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1034 @subsubheading Answer |
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1035 |
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1036 Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes |
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1037 in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we |
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1038 make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look |
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1039 like) for those postings, then we'll give them some |
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1040 special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new |
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1041 faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on |
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1042 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/node/view/224, my.gnus.org} |
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1043 |
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1044 @node [4.12] |
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1045 @subsubheading Question 4.12 |
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1046 |
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1047 The number of total messages in a group which Gnus |
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1048 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in |
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1049 mail groups. Is this a bug? |
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1050 |
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1051 @subsubheading Answer |
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1052 |
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1053 No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would |
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1054 mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus' |
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1055 back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number - |
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1056 lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This |
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1057 works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move |
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1058 many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the |
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1059 symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET} |
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1060 (this makes Gnus get all messages), then |
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1061 hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and |
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1062 then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move |
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1063 all messages to the group they have been in before, they |
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1064 get new message numbers in this process and the count is |
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1065 right again (until you delete and move your mail to other |
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1066 groups again). |
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1067 |
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1068 @node [4.13] |
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1069 @subsubheading Question 4.13 |
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1070 |
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1071 I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how |
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1072 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display? |
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1073 |
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1074 @subsubheading Answer |
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1075 |
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1076 You can control the windows configuration by calling the |
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1077 function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit |
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1078 complicated but explained very well in the manual node |
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1079 "Window Layout". Some popular examples: |
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1080 |
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1081 Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65% |
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1082 article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining |
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1083 space"): |
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1084 |
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1085 @example |
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1086 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1087 '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0)))) |
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1088 @end example |
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1089 @noindent |
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1090 |
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1091 A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary |
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1092 buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right: |
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1093 |
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1094 @example |
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1095 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1096 '(article |
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1097 (horizontal 1.0 |
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1098 (vertical 25 |
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1099 (group 1.0)) |
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1100 (vertical 1.0 |
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1101 (summary 0.25 point) |
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1102 (article 1.0))))) |
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1103 (gnus-add-configuration |
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1104 '(summary |
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1105 (horizontal 1.0 |
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1106 (vertical 25 |
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1107 (group 1.0)) |
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1108 (vertical 1.0 |
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1109 (summary 1.0 point))))) |
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1110 @end example |
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1111 @noindent |
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1112 |
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1113 @node [4.14] |
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1114 @subsubheading Question 4.14 |
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1115 |
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1116 I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it? |
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1117 |
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1118 @subsubheading Answer |
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1119 |
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1120 You've got to play around with the variable |
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1121 gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of |
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1122 symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject |
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1123 etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the |
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1124 manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten |
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1125 node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There |
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1126 you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and |
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1127 tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but |
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1128 sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8. |
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1129 |
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1130 Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers, |
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1131 e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which |
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1132 gives you a date where the details are dependent of the |
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1133 articles age. Here's an example which uses both: |
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1134 |
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1135 @example |
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1136 (setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n") |
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1137 @end example |
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1138 @noindent |
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1139 |
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1140 resulting in: |
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1141 |
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1142 @example |
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1143 :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06 |
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1144 :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12 |
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1145 :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16 |
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1146 :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01 |
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1147 :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34 |
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1148 :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24 |
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1149 :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33 |
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1150 :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49 |
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1151 :O Re: `@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50 |
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1152 :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57 |
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1153 :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35 |
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1154 :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56 |
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1155 @end example |
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1156 @noindent |
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1157 |
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1158 @node [4.15] |
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1159 @subsubheading Question 4.15 |
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1160 |
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1161 How to split incoming mails in several groups? |
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1162 |
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1163 @subsubheading Answer |
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1164 |
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1165 Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy |
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1166 nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail |
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1167 Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to |
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1168 the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter. |
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1169 |
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1170 The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element |
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1171 is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has |
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1172 the form "group where matching articles should go to", |
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1173 "regular expression which has to be matched", the first |
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1174 rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a |
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1175 general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where |
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1176 articles should go which don't match any other rule. If |
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1177 the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon |
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1178 as an article lands there. By default the mail will be |
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1179 send to all groups whose rules match. If you |
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1180 don't want that (you probably don't want), say |
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1181 |
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1182 @example |
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1183 (setq nnmail-crosspost nil) |
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1184 @end example |
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1185 @noindent |
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1186 |
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1187 in ~/.gnus.el. |
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1188 |
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1189 An example might be better than thousand words, so here's |
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1190 my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a |
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1191 special group and that the default group is spam, since I |
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1192 filter all mails out which are from some list I'm |
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1193 subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me |
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1194 before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which |
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1195 reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers |
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1196 from using them): |
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1197 |
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1198 @example |
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1199 (setq nnmail-split-methods |
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1200 '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate") |
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1201 ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.invalid.*") |
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1202 ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.invalid.*") |
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1203 ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.invalid.*") |
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1204 ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.invalid.*") |
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1205 ("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*") |
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1206 ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.invalid>$") |
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1207 ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid.*") |
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1208 ("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.invalid\\|localpart@@workplace.invalid\\).*") |
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1209 ("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*") |
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1210 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*") |
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1211 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*") |
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1212 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)") |
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1213 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)") |
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1214 ("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*") |
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1215 ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.invalid$") |
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1216 ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com") |
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1217 ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.invalid") |
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1218 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA") |
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1219 ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.invalid.*") |
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1220 ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.invalid\\|adress@@two.invalid\\)") |
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1221 ("Spam" ""))) |
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1222 @end example |
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1223 @noindent |
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1224 |
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1225 @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages |
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1226 @subsection Composing messages |
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1227 |
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1228 @menu |
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1229 * [5.1]:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending |
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1230 mail and postings? |
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1231 * [5.2]:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? |
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1232 * [5.3]:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, |
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1233 signature...? |
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1234 * [5.4]:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on |
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1235 the group I post too? |
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1236 * [5.5]:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly |
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1237 spell-checking? |
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1238 * [5.6]:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting |
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1239 to? |
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1240 * [5.7]:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember |
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1241 all those email addresses? |
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1242 * [5.8]:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article |
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1243 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings, too? |
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1244 * [5.9]:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups. |
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1245 Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups? |
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1246 * [5.10]:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? |
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1247 * [5.11]:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and |
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1248 news, how to do it? |
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1249 * [5.12]:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why aren't |
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1250 they and how to fix it? |
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1251 @end menu |
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1252 |
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1253 @node [5.1] |
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1254 @subsubheading Question 5.1 |
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1255 |
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1256 What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings? |
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1257 |
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1258 @subsubheading Answer |
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1259 |
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1260 To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m} |
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1261 either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's |
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1262 either @samp{a} in Group buffer and |
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1263 filling the Newsgroups header manually |
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1264 or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the |
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1265 group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail |
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1266 is |
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1267 @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the |
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1268 author, or import the cited text manually and |
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1269 @samp{R} to cite the text of the original |
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1270 message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's |
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1271 @samp{f} and @samp{F} |
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1272 (analogously to @samp{r} and |
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1273 @samp{R}). |
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1274 |
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1275 Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows |
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1276 this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready |
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1277 hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message, |
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1278 if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c |
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1279 C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you |
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1280 can start editing it again by saying @samp{D |
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1281 e}. |
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1282 |
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1283 @node [5.2] |
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1284 @subsubheading Question 5.2 |
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1285 |
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1286 How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages? |
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1287 |
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1288 @subsubheading Answer |
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1289 |
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1290 Say |
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1291 |
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1292 @example |
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1293 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook |
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1294 (lambda () |
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1295 (setq fill-column 72) |
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1296 (turn-on-auto-fill))) |
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1297 @end example |
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1298 @noindent |
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1299 |
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1300 in ~/.gnus.el. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting |
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1301 @samp{M-q} (as usual) |
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1302 |
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1303 @node [5.3] |
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1304 @subsubheading Question 5.3 |
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1305 |
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1306 How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...? |
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1307 |
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1308 @subsubheading Answer |
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1309 |
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1310 There are other ways, but you should use posting styles |
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1311 for this. (See below why). |
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1312 This example should make the syntax clear: |
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1313 |
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1314 @example |
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1315 (setq gnus-posting-styles |
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1316 '((".*" |
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1317 (name "Frank Schmitt") |
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1318 (address "me@@there.invalid") |
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1319 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") |
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1320 (signature-file "~/.signature") |
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1321 ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar") |
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1322 (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar"))))) |
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1323 @end example |
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1324 @noindent |
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1325 |
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1326 The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones |
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1327 (see below), valid values for the first element of the |
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1328 following lists are signature, signature-file, |
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1329 organization, address, name or body. The attribute name |
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1330 can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as |
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1331 a header name, and the value will be inserted in the |
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1332 headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header |
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1333 name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)), |
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1334 then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar |
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1335 and the result will be thrown away. |
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1336 |
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1337 @node [5.4] |
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1338 @subsubheading Question 5.4 |
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1339 |
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1340 Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too? |
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1341 |
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1342 @subsubheading Answer |
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1343 |
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1344 That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*" |
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1345 to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp |
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1346 like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied |
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1347 to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use |
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1348 ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings |
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1349 send to groups containing the string binaries in their |
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1350 name etc. |
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1351 |
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1352 You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function |
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1353 which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the |
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1354 corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting |
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1355 candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if |
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1356 the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding |
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1357 message-mail-p. |
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1358 |
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1359 Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in |
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1360 the example below, when I post to |
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1361 gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under |
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1362 ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and |
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1363 those under "^gmane" and those under |
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1364 "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because |
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1365 of this put general settings at the top and specific ones |
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1366 at the bottom. |
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1367 |
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1368 @example |
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1369 (setq gnus-posting-styles |
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1370 '((".*" ;;default |
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1371 (name "Frank Schmitt") |
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1372 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi") |
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1373 (signature-file "~/.signature")) |
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1374 ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news? |
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1375 (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid") |
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1376 (reply-to "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")) |
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1377 ((message-mail-p) ;;mail? |
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1378 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid")) |
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1379 ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact |
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1380 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.invalid") |
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1381 (reply-to nil)) |
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1382 ("^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$" |
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1383 (eval (set (make-local-variable 'message-sendmail-envelope-from) |
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1384 "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))))) |
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1385 @end example |
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1386 @noindent |
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1387 |
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1388 @node [5.5] |
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1389 @subsubheading Question 5.5 |
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1390 |
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1391 Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking? |
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1392 |
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1393 @subsubheading Answer |
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1394 |
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1395 You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the |
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1396 first thing to do is to make sure that you've got either |
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1397 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html, ispell} |
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1398 or @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/, aspell} |
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1399 installed and in your Path. Then you need |
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1400 @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html, ispell.el} |
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1401 and for on-the-fly spell-checking |
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1402 @uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html, flyspell.el}. |
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1403 Ispell.el is shipped with Emacs and available through the XEmacs package system, |
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1404 flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is |
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1405 available through the package system, so there should be no need to install them |
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1406 manually. |
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1407 |
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1408 Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say |
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1409 |
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1410 @example |
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1411 (setq ispell-program-name "aspell") |
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1412 @end example |
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1413 @noindent |
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1414 |
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1415 in your Emacs configuration file. |
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1416 |
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1417 If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say |
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1418 |
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1419 @example |
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1420 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message) |
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1421 @end example |
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1422 @noindent |
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1423 |
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1424 In your ~/.gnus.el, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say |
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1425 |
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1426 @example |
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1427 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1))) |
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1428 @end example |
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1429 @noindent |
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1430 |
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1431 @node [5.6] |
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1432 @subsubheading Question 5.6 |
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1433 |
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1434 Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to? |
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1435 |
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1436 @subsubheading Answer |
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1437 |
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1438 Yes, say something like |
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1439 |
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1440 @example |
25829 | 1441 (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook |
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1442 (lambda () |
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1443 (cond |
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1444 ((string-match |
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1445 "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name)) |
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1446 (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8")) |
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1447 (t |
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1448 (ispell-change-dictionary "english"))))) |
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1449 @end example |
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1450 @noindent |
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1451 |
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1452 in ~/.gnus.el. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something |
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1453 that suits your needs. |
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1454 |
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1455 @node [5.7] |
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1456 @subsubheading Question 5.7 |
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1457 |
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1458 Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember |
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1459 all those email addresses? |
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1460 |
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1461 @subsubheading Answer |
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1462 |
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1463 There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases. |
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1464 You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple |
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1465 alias syntax: |
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1466 |
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1467 @example |
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1468 alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.invalid>" |
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1469 @end example |
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1470 @noindent |
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1471 |
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1472 Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation |
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1473 character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will |
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1474 cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the |
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1475 node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for |
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1476 details. |
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1477 |
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1478 However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother |
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1479 Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from |
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1480 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, bbdb's homepage}. |
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1481 Now place the following in ~/.gnus.el, to activate bbdb for Gnus: |
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1482 |
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1483 @example |
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1484 (require 'bbdb) |
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1485 (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message) |
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1486 @end example |
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1487 @noindent |
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1488 |
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1489 Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration, |
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1490 place them in ~/.emacs: |
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1491 |
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1492 @example |
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1493 (require 'bbdb) |
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1494 ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the |
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1495 ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying |
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1496 (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil) |
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1497 ;;Tell bbdb about your email address: |
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1498 (setq bbdb-user-mail-names |
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1499 (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.invalid" |
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1500 "Your.other@@mail.there.invalid"))) |
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1501 ;;cycling while completing email addresses |
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1502 (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t) |
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1503 ;;No popup-buffers |
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1504 (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil) |
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1505 @end example |
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1506 @noindent |
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1507 |
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1508 Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET |
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1509 RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all |
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1510 entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new |
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1511 entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and |
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1512 @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an |
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1513 entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can |
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1514 also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and |
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1515 you are done. When you now compose a new mail, |
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1516 hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know |
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1517 recipients. |
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1518 |
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1519 @node [5.8] |
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1520 @subsubheading Question 5.8 |
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1521 |
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1522 Sometimes I see little images at the top of article |
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1523 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my |
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1524 postings, too? |
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1525 |
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1526 @subsubheading Answer |
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1527 |
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1528 Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w |
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1529 pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include |
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1530 one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a |
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1531 X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say |
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1532 Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the |
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1533 relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to |
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1534 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface |
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1535 package from |
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1536 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/, this site}. |
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1537 and create the actual X-face by saying |
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1538 |
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1539 @example |
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1540 cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | compface > file.face |
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1541 cat file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g;s/\"/\\\"/g;' > file.face.quoted |
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1542 @end example |
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1543 @noindent |
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1544 |
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1545 If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at |
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1546 @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}. |
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1547 If you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from |
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1548 @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}. |
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1549 Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings by saying |
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1550 |
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1551 @example |
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1552 (setq message-default-headers |
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1553 (with-temp-buffer |
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1554 (insert "X-Face: ") |
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1555 (insert-file-contents "~/.xface") |
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1556 (buffer-string))) |
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1557 @end example |
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1558 @noindent |
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1559 |
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1560 in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.10, you can simply add an entry |
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1561 |
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1562 @example |
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1563 (x-face-file "~/.xface") |
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1564 @end example |
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1565 @noindent |
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1566 |
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1567 to gnus-posting-styles. |
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1568 |
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1569 @node [5.9] |
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1570 @subsubheading Question 5.9 |
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1571 |
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1572 Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in |
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1573 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in |
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1574 newsgroups? |
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1575 |
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1576 @subsubheading Answer |
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1577 |
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1578 Put this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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1579 |
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1580 @example |
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1581 (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t) |
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1582 @end example |
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1583 @noindent |
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1584 |
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1585 if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or |
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1586 5.9 try this instead: |
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1587 |
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1588 @example |
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1589 (eval-after-load "gnus-msg" |
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1590 '(unless (boundp 'gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news) |
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1591 (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate) |
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1592 "Request confirmation when replying to news." |
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1593 (interactive) |
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1594 (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name)) |
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1595 (y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? ")) |
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1596 ad-do-it)))) |
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1597 @end example |
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1598 @noindent |
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1599 |
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1600 @node [5.10] |
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1601 @subsubheading Question 5.10 |
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1602 |
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1603 How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header? |
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1604 |
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1605 @subsubheading Answer |
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1606 |
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1607 Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by |
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1608 default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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1609 |
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1610 @example |
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1611 (eval-after-load "message" |
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1612 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) |
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1613 @end example |
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1614 @noindent |
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1615 |
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1616 @node [5.11] |
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1617 @subsubheading Question 5.11 |
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1618 |
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1619 I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and |
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1620 news, how to do it? |
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1621 |
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1622 @subsubheading Answer |
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1623 |
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1624 You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do |
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1625 this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the |
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1626 group where the copies shall go or like in the example |
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1627 below use a function which is evaluated and which returns |
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1628 the group to use. |
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1629 |
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1630 @example |
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1631 (setq gnus-message-archive-group |
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1632 '((if (message-news-p) |
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1633 "nnml:Send-News" |
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1634 "nnml:Send-Mail"))) |
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1635 @end example |
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1636 @noindent |
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1637 |
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1638 @node [5.12] |
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1639 @subsubheading Question 5.12 |
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1640 |
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1641 People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why |
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1642 aren't they and how to fix it? |
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1643 |
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1644 @subsubheading Answer |
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1645 |
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1646 The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you |
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1647 send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine |
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1648 name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine |
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1649 where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't |
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1650 at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use |
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1651 by saying: |
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1652 |
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1653 @example |
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1654 (setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld") |
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1655 @end example |
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1656 @noindent |
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1657 |
71225
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(Question 8.6): Update reference to the Gnus
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1658 in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.9 or earlier, you can use this |
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1659 instead (works for newer versions a well): |
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1660 |
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1661 @example |
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1662 (eval-after-load "message" |
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1663 '(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this! |
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1664 (if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn) |
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1665 (setq message-user-fqdn fqdn) |
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1666 (gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.") |
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1667 (defun message-make-fqdn () |
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1668 "Return user's fully qualified domain name." |
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1669 fqdn)))) |
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1670 @end example |
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1671 @noindent |
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1672 |
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1673 If you have no idea what to insert for |
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1674 "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several |
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1675 choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows |
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1676 you to use something like |
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1677 yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use |
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1678 somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain |
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1679 yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which |
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1680 gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g. |
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1681 @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}. |
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1682 (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an |
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1683 English one offering the same, drop me a note). |
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1684 |
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1685 Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID |
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1686 for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying |
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1687 |
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1688 @example |
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1689 (setq message-required-news-headers |
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1690 (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers)) |
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1691 @end example |
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1692 @noindent |
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1693 |
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1694 you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying |
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1695 |
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1696 @example |
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1697 (setq message-required-mail-headers |
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1698 (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers)) |
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1699 @end example |
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1700 @noindent |
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1701 |
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1702 , however some mail servers don't generate proper |
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1703 Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves |
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1704 correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID. |
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1705 |
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1706 @node FAQ 6 - Old messages |
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1707 @subsection Old messages |
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1708 |
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1709 @menu |
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1710 * [6.1]:: How to import my old mail into Gnus? |
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1711 * [6.2]:: How to archive interesting messages? |
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1712 * [6.3]:: How to search for a specific message? |
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1713 * [6.4]:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail? |
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1714 * [6.5]:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some |
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1715 groups). How to do it? |
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1716 * [6.6]:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them |
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1717 to another group. |
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1718 @end menu |
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1719 |
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1720 @node [6.1] |
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1721 @subsubheading Question 6.1 |
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1722 |
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1723 How to import my old mail into Gnus? |
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1724 |
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1725 @subsubheading Answer |
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1726 |
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1727 The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to |
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1728 export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers |
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1729 are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows |
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1730 world, you may find tools at |
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1731 @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}. |
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1732 |
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1733 Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do |
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1734 this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by |
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1735 saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in |
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1736 Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your |
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1737 mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal |
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1738 Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've |
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1739 just created by saying @samp{C-u RET} |
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1740 (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all |
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1741 messages by saying @samp{M P b} and |
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1742 either copy them to the desired group by saying |
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1743 @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them |
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1744 through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying |
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1745 @samp{B r}. |
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1746 |
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1747 @node [6.2] |
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1748 @subsubheading Question 6.2 |
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1749 |
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1750 How to archive interesting messages? |
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1751 |
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1752 @subsubheading Answer |
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1753 |
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1754 If you stumble across an interesting message, say in |
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1755 gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several |
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1756 solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file |
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1757 by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't |
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1758 it be much more convenient to have more direct access to |
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1759 the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this |
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1760 snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in |
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1761 ~/.gnus.el: |
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1762 |
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1763 @example |
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1764 (defun my-archive-article (&optional n) |
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1765 "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g. |
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1766 `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes |
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1767 to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'. |
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1768 |
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1769 Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive |
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1770 more then one article." |
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1771 (interactive "P") |
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1772 (let ((archive-name |
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1773 (format |
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1774 "nnml:1.%s" |
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1775 (if (featurep 'xemacs) |
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1776 (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "") |
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1777 (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name))))) |
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1778 (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name))) |
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1779 @end example |
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1780 @noindent |
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1781 |
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1782 You can now say @samp{M-x |
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1783 my-archive-article} in summary buffer to |
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1784 archive the article under the cursor in a nnml |
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1785 group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end) |
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1786 |
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1787 Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying |
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1788 |
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1789 @example |
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1790 (setq gnus-use-cache t) |
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1791 @end example |
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1792 @noindent |
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1793 |
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1794 then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant |
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1795 mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read |
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1796 mark will remove them from cache. |
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1797 |
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1798 @node [6.3] |
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1799 @subsubheading Question 6.3 |
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1800 |
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1801 How to search for a specific message? |
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1802 |
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1803 @subsubheading Answer |
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1804 |
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1805 There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from |
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1806 a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask |
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1807 @uref{http://groups.google.com, groups.google.com}, |
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1808 if you found the posting there, tell Google to display |
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1809 the raw message, look for the message-id, and say |
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1810 @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a |
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1811 summary buffer. |
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1812 Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for |
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1813 groups.google.com which you can call with |
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1814 @samp{G W}) in group buffer. |
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1815 |
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1816 Another idea which works for both mail and news groups |
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1817 is to enter the group where the message you are |
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1818 searching is and use the standard Emacs search |
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1819 @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at |
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1820 articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to |
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1821 search bodies, too try @samp{M-s} |
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1822 instead. Further on there are the |
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1823 gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you, |
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1824 too. |
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1825 |
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1826 Of course you can also use grep to search through your |
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1827 local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and |
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1828 inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail |
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1829 in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end |
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1830 to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and |
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1831 others. You index your mail with one of those search |
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1832 engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough |
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1833 the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all |
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1834 messages which met your search criteria. If this sound |
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1835 cool to you get nnir.el from |
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1836 @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/} |
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1837 or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}. |
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1838 Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file. |
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1839 |
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1840 @node [6.4] |
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1841 @subsubheading Question 6.4 |
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1842 |
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1843 How to get rid of old unwanted mail? |
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1844 |
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1845 @subsubheading Answer |
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1846 |
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1847 You can of course just mark the mail you don't need |
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1848 anymore by saying @samp{#} with point |
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1849 over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL} |
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1850 to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of |
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1851 actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by |
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1852 saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which |
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1853 you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended |
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1854 way in Gnus. |
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1855 |
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1856 In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news |
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1857 server. That means you tell Gnus the message is |
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1858 expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail |
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1859 anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point |
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1860 over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the |
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1861 group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as |
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1862 expirable before and if they are old enough (default is |
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1863 older than a week) they are deleted. |
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1864 |
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1865 @node [6.5] |
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1866 @subsubheading Question 6.5 |
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1867 |
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1868 I want that all read messages are expired (at least in |
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1869 some groups). How to do it? |
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1870 |
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1871 @subsubheading Answer |
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1872 |
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1873 If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in |
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1874 mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've |
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1875 got two choices: auto-expire and |
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1876 total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article |
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1877 which has no marks set and is selected for reading is |
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1878 marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E} |
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1879 for you every time you read a message. Total-expire |
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1880 follows a slightly different approach, here all article |
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1881 where the read mark is set are expirable. |
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1882 |
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1883 To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the |
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1884 Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G |
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1885 c} in summary buffer with point over the |
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1886 group to change group parameters). For total-expire add |
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1887 total-expire to the group-parameters. |
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1888 |
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1889 Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste: |
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1890 Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with |
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1891 Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature, |
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1892 you should use total-expire. |
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1893 |
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1894 If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in |
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1895 a group where total or auto expire is active, set either |
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1896 tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit |
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1897 @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you |
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1898 can also set the read mark (hit |
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1899 @samp{d}). |
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1900 |
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1901 @node [6.6] |
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1902 @subsubheading Question 6.6 |
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1903 |
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1904 I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them |
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1905 to another group. |
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1906 |
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1907 @subsubheading Answer |
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1908 |
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1909 Say something like this in ~/.gnus.el: |
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1910 |
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1911 @example |
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1912 (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired") |
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1913 @end example |
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1914 @noindent |
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1915 |
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1916 (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target |
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1917 on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable |
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1918 threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other |
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1919 variables specific for some groups?") |
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1920 |
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1921 @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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1922 @subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment |
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1923 |
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1924 @menu |
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1925 * [7.1]:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I |
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1926 minimize the time I've got to be connected? |
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1927 * [7.2]:: So what was this thing about the Agent? |
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1928 * [7.3]:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? |
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1929 * [7.4]:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while |
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1930 I'm offline? |
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1931 @end menu |
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1932 |
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1933 @node [7.1] |
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1934 @subsubheading Question 7.1 |
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1935 |
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1936 I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can |
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1937 I minimize the time I've got to be connected? |
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1938 |
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1939 @subsubheading Answer |
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1940 |
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1941 You've got basically two options: Either you use the |
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1942 Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install |
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1943 programs which fetch your news and mail to your local |
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1944 disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local |
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1945 machine. |
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1946 |
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1947 If you want to follow the second approach, you need a |
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1948 program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a |
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1949 program which does the same for mail and a program which |
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1950 receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them |
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1951 when you're online. |
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1952 |
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1953 Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, |
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1954 the easiest solution is a small nntp server like |
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1955 @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/, Leafnode} or |
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1956 @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/, sn}, |
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1957 of course you can also install a full featured news |
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1958 server like |
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1959 @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/, inn}. |
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1960 Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices |
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1961 are @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/, fetchmail} |
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1962 and @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/, getmail}. |
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1963 You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and |
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1964 Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail |
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1965 sending part: This can be done with every MTA like |
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1966 @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/, sendmail}, |
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1967 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, postfix}, |
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1968 @uref{http://www.exim.org/, exim} or |
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1969 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, qmail}. |
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1970 |
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1971 On windows boxes I'd vote for |
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1972 @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/, Hamster}, |
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1973 it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches |
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1974 your mail and news from remote servers and offers them |
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1975 to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp |
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1976 respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp |
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1977 server for receiving mails from Gnus. |
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1978 |
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1979 @node [7.2] |
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1980 @subsubheading Question 7.2 |
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1981 |
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1982 So what was this thing about the Agent? |
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1983 |
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1984 @subsubheading Answer |
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1985 |
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1986 The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch |
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1987 mail and news and store them on disk for reading them |
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1988 later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline |
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1989 newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use |
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1990 the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus.el if you are |
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1991 still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10): |
25829 | 1992 |
1993 @example | |
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1994 (setq gnus-agent t) |
25829 | 1995 @end example |
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1996 @noindent |
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1997 |
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1998 Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be |
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1999 stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer |
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2000 (that is press @samp{^} while in the |
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2001 group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to |
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2002 the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the |
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2003 server by typing @samp{J a}. If you |
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2004 make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this |
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2005 action by typing @samp{J r}. When |
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2006 you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer. |
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2007 Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized |
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2008 server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from |
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2009 there the next time you enter the group. |
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2010 |
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2011 @node [7.3] |
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2012 @subsubheading Question 7.3 |
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2013 |
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2014 I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it? |
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2015 |
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2016 @subsubheading Answer |
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2017 |
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2018 You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies |
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2019 of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is |
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2020 done in a special buffer which can be reached by |
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2021 saying @samp{J c} in group |
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2022 buffer. Please refer to the documentation for |
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2023 information which predicates are possible and how |
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2024 exactly to do it. |
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2025 |
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2026 Further on you can tell the agent manually which |
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2027 articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do |
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2028 this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a |
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2029 set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by |
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2030 saying @samp{#} with point over the |
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2031 article and then type @samp{J s}. The |
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2032 other possibility is to set, again in the summary |
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2033 buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you |
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2034 want by typing @samp{@@} with point over |
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2035 the article and then typing @samp{J u}. |
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2036 What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as |
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2037 soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable |
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2038 marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable |
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2039 marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in |
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2040 the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The |
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2041 only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of |
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2042 the headers for every selected group on an agentized |
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2043 server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial |
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2044 fetch session could take hours. |
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2045 |
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2046 @node [7.4] |
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2047 @subsubheading Question 7.4 |
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2048 |
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2049 How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings |
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2050 while I'm offline? |
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2051 |
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2052 @subsubheading Answer |
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2053 |
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2054 All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online |
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2055 (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest |
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2056 works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged |
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2057 state by saying @samp{J j} in group |
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2058 buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x |
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2059 gnus-unplugged} instead of |
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2060 @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to |
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2061 work, the agent must be active. |
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2062 |
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2063 @node FAQ 8 - Getting help |
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2064 @subsection Getting help |
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2065 |
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2066 @menu |
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2067 * [8.1]:: How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
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2068 * [8.2]:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g. |
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2069 attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? |
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2070 * [8.3]:: Which websites should I know? |
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2071 * [8.4]:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? |
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2072 * [8.5]:: Where to report bugs? |
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2073 * [8.6]:: I need real-time help, where to find it? |
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2074 @end menu |
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2075 |
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2076 @node [8.1] |
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2077 @subsubheading Question 8.1 |
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2078 |
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2079 How to find information and help inside Emacs? |
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2080 |
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2081 @subsubheading Answer |
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2082 |
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2083 The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say |
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2084 @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the |
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2085 Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a |
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2086 full-text search with @samp{s}). Then |
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2087 there are the general Emacs help commands starting with |
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2088 C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list |
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2089 of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally |
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2090 @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you |
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2091 search through all available functions and @samp{M-x |
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2092 apropos} searches the bound variables. |
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2093 |
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2094 @node [8.2] |
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2095 @subsubheading Question 8.2 |
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2096 |
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2097 I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X |
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2098 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented? |
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2099 |
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2100 @subsubheading Answer |
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2101 |
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2102 There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals |
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2103 for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages |
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2104 are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't |
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2105 really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in |
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2106 different info files, you should have a look in those |
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2107 manuals, too. |
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2108 |
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2109 @node [8.3] |
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2110 @subsubheading Question 8.3 |
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2111 |
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2112 Which websites should I know? |
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2113 |
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2114 @subsubheading Answer |
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2115 |
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2116 The two most important ones are the |
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2117 @uref{http://www.gnus.org, official Gnus website}. |
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2118 and it's sister site |
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2119 @uref{http://my.gnus.org, my.gnus.org (MGO)}, |
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2120 hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not |
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2121 really finished) tutorial and this FAQ. |
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2122 |
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2123 Tell me about other sites which are interesting. |
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2124 |
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2125 @node [8.4] |
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2126 @subsubheading Question 8.4 |
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2127 |
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2128 Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there? |
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2129 |
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2130 @subsubheading Answer |
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2131 |
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2132 There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus |
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2133 (also available as |
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2134 @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.user, |
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2135 gmane.emacs.gnus.user}) |
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2136 which deals with general Gnus questions. |
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2137 The ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) deals with development of |
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2138 Gnus. You can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name |
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2139 @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.general, |
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2140 gmane.emacs.gnus.general} from news.gmane.org. |
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2141 |
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2142 If you want to stay in the big8, |
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2143 news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus |
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2144 users (but chances for qualified help are much better in |
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2145 the above groups) and if you speak German, there's |
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2146 de.comm.software.gnus. |
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2147 |
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2148 @node [8.5] |
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2149 @subsubheading Question 8.5 |
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2150 |
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2151 Where to report bugs? |
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2152 |
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2153 @subsubheading Answer |
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2154 |
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2155 Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start |
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2156 a message to the |
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2157 @email{bugs@@gnus.org, gnus bug mailing list} |
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2158 including information about your environment which make |
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2159 it easier to help you. |
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2160 |
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2161 @node [8.6] |
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2162 @subsubheading Question 8.6 |
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2163 |
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2164 I need real-time help, where to find it? |
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2165 |
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2166 @subsubheading Answer |
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2167 |
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2168 Point your IRC client to irc.freenode.net, channel #gnus. |
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2169 |
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2170 @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus |
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2171 @subsection Tuning Gnus |
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2172 |
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2173 @menu |
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2174 * [9.1]:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? |
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2175 * [9.2]:: How to speed up the process of entering a group? |
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2176 * [9.3]:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? |
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2177 @end menu |
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2178 |
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2179 @node [9.1] |
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2180 @subsubheading Question 9.1 |
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2181 |
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2182 Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up? |
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2183 |
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2184 @subsubheading Answer |
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2185 |
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2186 The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's |
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2187 active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus |
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2188 manual for things you might try to speed the process up. |
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2189 An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus.el (say |
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2190 @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus.el |
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2191 RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require |
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2192 statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with |
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2193 eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup |
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2194 time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your |
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2195 ~/.gnus.el: |
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2196 |
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2197 @example |
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2198 (require 'message) |
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2199 (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)) |
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2200 @end example |
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2201 @noindent |
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2202 |
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2203 then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If |
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2204 you replace it with |
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2205 |
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2206 @example |
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2207 (eval-after-load "message" |
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2208 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))) |
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2209 @end example |
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2210 @noindent |
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2211 |
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2212 it's loaded when it's needed. |
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2213 |
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2214 @node [9.2] |
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2215 @subsubheading Question 9.2 |
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2216 |
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2217 How to speed up the process of entering a group? |
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2218 |
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2219 @subsubheading Answer |
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2220 |
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2221 A speed killer is setting the variable |
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2222 gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil, |
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2223 so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up |
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2224 building of summary say |
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2225 |
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2226 @example |
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2227 (gnus-compile) |
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2228 @end example |
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2229 @noindent |
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2230 |
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2231 at the bottom of your ~/.gnus.el, this will make gnus |
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2232 byte-compile things like |
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2233 gnus-summary-line-format. |
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2234 then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold |
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2235 by saying something like |
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2236 |
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2237 @example |
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2238 (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000) |
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2239 @end example |
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2240 @noindent |
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2241 |
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2242 in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK |
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2243 characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a |
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2244 recent GNU Emacs, you should say |
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2245 |
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2246 @example |
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2247 (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil) |
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2248 @end example |
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2249 @noindent |
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2250 |
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2251 in ~/.gnus.el (thanks to Jesper harder for the last |
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2252 two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8 |
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2253 or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary |
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2254 buffer generation, you definitely should update to |
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2255 5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has |
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2256 been done. |
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2257 |
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2258 @node [9.3] |
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2259 @subsubheading Question 9.3 |
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2260 |
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2261 Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up? |
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2262 |
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2263 @subsubheading Answer |
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2264 |
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2265 The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the |
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2266 messages you wrote by setting |
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2267 gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group |
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2268 instead of an archive group, this should bring you back |
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2269 to normal speed. |
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2270 |
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2271 @node FAQ - Glossary |
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2272 @subsection Glossary |
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2273 |
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2274 @table @dfn |
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2275 |
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2276 @item ~/.gnus.el |
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2277 When the term ~/.gnus.el is used it just means your Gnus |
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2278 configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus or |
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2279 specify another name. |
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2280 |
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2281 @item Back End |
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2282 In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer |
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2283 between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or |
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2284 whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface |
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2285 to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc. |
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2286 |
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2287 @item Emacs |
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2288 When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU |
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2289 Emacs or XEmacs. |
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2290 |
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2291 @item Message |
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2292 In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a |
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2293 Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter |
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2294 of which kind it is. |
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2295 |
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2296 @item MUA |
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2297 MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you |
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2298 use to read and write e-mails. |
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2299 |
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2300 @item NUA |
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2301 NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you |
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2302 use to read and write Usenet news. |
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2303 |
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2304 @end table |
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2305 |
52401 | 2306 @ignore |
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2307 arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8 |
52401 | 2308 @end ignore |