Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/faq.texi @ 44305:b45308074bfd
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author | Pavel Janík <Pavel@Janik.cz> |
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date | Mon, 01 Apr 2002 13:49:24 +0000 |
parents | 998074d579cf |
children | 05bd4743e434 |
rev | line source |
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1 \input texinfo @c -*- coding: latin-1; mode: texinfo; -*- |
25474 | 2 @c %**start of header |
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3 @setfilename ../info/efaq |
25474 | 4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ |
5 @c %**end of header | |
6 | |
7 @setchapternewpage odd | |
8 | |
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9 @c This is used in many places |
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10 @set VER 21.3 |
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11 |
25474 | 12 @c The @ifinfo stuff only appears in the Info version |
13 @ifinfo | |
30009 | 14 @dircategory Emacs |
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15 @direntry |
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16 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs. |
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17 @end direntry |
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18 |
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19 Copyright 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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20 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 21 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
22 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 23 |
24 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
25 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
26 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. | |
27 | |
28 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
29 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
30 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
31 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
32 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
33 | |
34 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
35 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
36 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
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37 |
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38 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
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39 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
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40 |
25474 | 41 @end ifinfo |
42 | |
43 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version | |
44 @titlepage | |
45 @sp 10 | |
46 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ} | |
47 | |
48 @c The following two commands start the copyright page. | |
49 @page | |
50 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll | |
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51 Copyright @copyright{} 2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, inc.@* |
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52 Copyright @copyright{} 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@* |
28127 | 53 Copyright @copyright{} 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@* |
54 Copyright @copyright{} 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@* | |
25474 | 55 |
56 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers | |
57 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other | |
58 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information. | |
59 | |
60 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ | |
61 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved | |
62 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to | |
63 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the | |
64 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information). | |
65 | |
66 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that | |
67 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work | |
68 itself allows free copying and redistribution. | |
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69 |
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70 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version |
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71 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.] |
25474 | 72 @end titlepage |
73 | |
74 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir) | |
75 | |
76 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}. | |
77 | |
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78 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML, |
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79 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but |
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80 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this |
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81 format. If you have any suggestions or questions, please contact |
25474 | 82 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il, the FAQ maintainers}. |
83 | |
84 @menu | |
85 * FAQ notation:: | |
86 * General questions:: | |
87 * Getting help:: | |
88 * Status of Emacs:: | |
89 * Common requests:: | |
90 * Bugs and problems:: | |
91 * Compiling and installing Emacs:: | |
92 * Finding Emacs and related packages:: | |
93 * Major packages and programs:: | |
94 * Key bindings:: | |
95 * Alternate character sets:: | |
96 * Mail and news:: | |
97 * Concept index:: | |
98 @end menu | |
99 | |
100 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
101 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top | |
102 @chapter FAQ notation | |
103 @cindex FAQ notation | |
104 | |
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105 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in |
25474 | 106 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time |
107 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms | |
108 used in the FAQ. | |
109 | |
110 @menu | |
111 * Basic keys:: | |
112 * Extended commands:: | |
113 * On-line manual:: | |
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114 * File-name conventions:: |
25474 | 115 * Common acronyms:: |
116 @end menu | |
117 | |
118 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation | |
40705 | 119 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{C-M-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.? |
25474 | 120 @cindex Basic keys |
121 @cindex Control key, notation for | |
122 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for | |
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123 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for |
25474 | 124 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of |
40705 | 125 @cindex @kbd{C-M-h}, definition of |
25474 | 126 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of |
127 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of | |
128 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of | |
129 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of | |
130 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of | |
131 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of | |
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132 @cindex Notation for keys |
25474 | 133 |
134 @itemize @bullet | |
135 | |
136 @item | |
137 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key | |
138 | |
139 @item | |
140 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key | |
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141 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key}) |
25474 | 142 |
143 @item | |
144 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control} | |
145 and @key{Meta} | |
146 | |
147 @item | |
148 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above | |
149 | |
150 @item | |
151 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j} | |
152 | |
153 @item | |
154 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m} | |
155 | |
156 @item | |
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157 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as |
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158 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if |
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159 deleting invokes Emacs help) |
25474 | 160 |
161 @item | |
162 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[} | |
163 | |
164 @item | |
165 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i} | |
166 | |
167 @item | |
168 @key{SPC}: Space bar | |
169 | |
170 @end itemize | |
171 | |
172 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are | |
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173 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this: |
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174 |
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175 @display |
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176 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET} |
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177 @end display |
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178 |
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179 @noindent |
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180 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC} |
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181 really means press the space key. |
25474 | 182 |
183 The ASCII code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value | |
184 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for | |
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185 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux |
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186 terminals, the ASCII code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the |
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187 ASCII code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially, |
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188 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit |
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189 7@footnote{ |
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190 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is |
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191 pressed.}. |
25474 | 192 |
193 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call | |
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194 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON. |
25474 | 195 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate ASCII code 127. |
196 | |
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197 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys, |
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198 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more |
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199 information about Info.) |
25474 | 200 |
201 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation | |
202 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean? | |
203 @cindex Extended commands | |
204 @cindex Commands, extended | |
205 @cindex M-x, meaning of | |
206 | |
207 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the | |
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208 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure |
25474 | 209 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.) |
210 | |
211 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command | |
212 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any | |
213 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't | |
214 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for | |
215 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and | |
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216 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these |
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217 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command} |
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218 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function. |
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219 |
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220 @cindex @key{Do} key |
25474 | 221 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke |
222 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a | |
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223 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key. |
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224 |
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225 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating |
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226 Emacs Lisp code}. |
25474 | 227 |
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228 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation |
25474 | 229 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual? |
230 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in | |
231 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual | |
232 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual | |
233 @cindex Info, finding topics in | |
234 | |
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235 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can |
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236 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by |
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237 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 238 |
239 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't | |
240 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info. | |
241 | |
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242 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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243 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}. |
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244 |
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245 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may |
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246 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them |
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247 improperly. In this case you should complain. |
25474 | 248 |
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249 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the |
25474 | 250 Emacs manual. |
251 | |
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252 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation |
25474 | 253 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}? |
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254 @cindex File-name conventions |
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255 @cindex Conventions for file names |
25474 | 256 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs |
257 | |
258 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided | |
259 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and | |
260 @file{src}. | |
261 | |
262 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start | |
263 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory | |
264 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed | |
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265 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable |
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266 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the |
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267 documentation of a variable.) |
25474 | 268 |
269 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation | |
270 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use | |
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271 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of |
25474 | 272 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last |
273 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By | |
274 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}. | |
275 | |
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276 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see |
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277 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the |
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278 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are |
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279 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?} |
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280 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}). |
25474 | 281 |
282 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and | |
283 many files from the @file{etc} directory. | |
284 | |
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285 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation |
25474 | 286 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL? |
287 @cindex FSF, definition of | |
288 @cindex LPF, definition of | |
289 @cindex OSF, definition of | |
290 @cindex GNU, definition of | |
291 @cindex RMS, definition of | |
292 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for | |
293 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for | |
294 @cindex FTP, definition of | |
295 @cindex GPL, definition of | |
296 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for | |
297 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for | |
298 | |
299 @table @asis | |
300 | |
301 @item FSF | |
302 Free Software Foundation | |
303 | |
304 @item LPF | |
305 League for Programming Freedom | |
306 | |
307 @item OSF | |
308 Open Software Foundation | |
309 | |
310 @item GNU | |
311 GNU's Not Unix | |
312 | |
313 @item RMS | |
314 Richard Matthew Stallman | |
315 | |
316 @item FTP | |
317 File Transfer Protocol | |
318 | |
319 @item GPL | |
320 GNU General Public License | |
321 | |
322 @end table | |
323 | |
324 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes | |
325 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make | |
326 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a | |
327 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for | |
328 Unix systems. | |
329 | |
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330 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to |
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331 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for |
25474 | 332 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the |
333 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always | |
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334 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has |
25474 | 335 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software. |
336 | |
337 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
338 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top | |
339 @chapter General questions | |
340 @cindex General questions | |
341 | |
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342 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the |
25474 | 343 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations. |
344 | |
345 @menu | |
346 * The LPF:: | |
347 * Real meaning of copyleft:: | |
348 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings:: | |
349 * Newsgroup archives:: | |
350 * Reporting bugs:: | |
351 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists:: | |
352 * Contacting the FSF:: | |
353 @end menu | |
354 | |
355 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions | |
356 @section What is the LPF? | |
357 @cindex LPF, description of | |
358 @cindex League for Programming Freedom | |
359 @cindex Software patents, opposition to | |
360 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to | |
361 | |
362 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and | |
363 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact | |
364 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact | |
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365 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you |
25474 | 366 about the LPF. |
367 | |
368 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}. | |
369 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and | |
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370 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}. |
25474 | 371 |
372 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions | |
373 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft? | |
374 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of | |
375 @cindex GPL, real meaning of | |
376 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of | |
377 @cindex Discussion of the GPL | |
378 | |
379 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will | |
380 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope. | |
381 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to | |
382 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to | |
383 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the | |
384 extensive flame wars on the subject. | |
385 | |
386 RMS writes: | |
387 | |
388 @quotation | |
389 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit, | |
390 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining | |
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391 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users |
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392 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make |
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393 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you |
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394 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the |
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395 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed. |
25474 | 396 @end quotation |
397 | |
398 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions | |
399 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.? | |
400 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
401 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for | |
402 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for | |
403 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for | |
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404 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups |
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405 |
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406 @cindex GNU mailing lists |
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407 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU |
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408 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy |
25474 | 409 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it |
410 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address. | |
411 | |
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412 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs |
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413 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other |
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414 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG, |
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415 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon. |
25474 | 416 |
417 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they | |
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418 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been |
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419 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to |
25474 | 420 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself. |
421 | |
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422 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on |
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423 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, |
25474 | 424 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject. |
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425 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't |
25474 | 426 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to |
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427 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when |
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428 posting a followup that recommends such software. |
25474 | 429 |
430 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid | |
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431 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}). |
25474 | 432 |
433 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions | |
434 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups? | |
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435 @cindex Archived postings from @code{gnu.emacs.help} |
25474 | 436 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups |
437 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups | |
438 | |
439 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many | |
440 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The | |
441 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve | |
442 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there. | |
443 | |
444 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}. | |
445 | |
446 As of this writing, the archives are not yet working. | |
447 | |
448 Web-based Usenet search services, such as | |
449 @uref{http://www.dejanews.com, DejaNews}, also archive the | |
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450 @code{gnu.*} groups. |
25474 | 451 |
452 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions | |
453 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs? | |
454 @cindex Bug reporting | |
455 @cindex Good bug reports | |
456 @cindex How to submit a bug report | |
457 @cindex Reporting bugs | |
458 | |
459 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to | |
460 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the | |
461 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of | |
462 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address | |
463 so you can be contacted for further details. | |
464 | |
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465 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting |
25474 | 466 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a |
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467 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the |
25474 | 468 manual.) |
469 | |
470 RMS says: | |
471 | |
472 @quotation | |
473 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the | |
474 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because | |
475 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of | |
476 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem. | |
477 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people | |
478 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to | |
479 receive more messages about Emacs than the others. | |
480 @end quotation | |
481 | |
482 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}: | |
483 | |
484 @quotation | |
485 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix, | |
486 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on | |
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487 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you. |
25474 | 488 @end quotation |
489 | |
490 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following | |
491 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS: | |
492 | |
493 @quotation | |
494 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors | |
495 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that | |
496 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it | |
497 does, that is a bug. | |
498 @end quotation | |
499 | |
500 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions | |
501 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list? | |
502 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists | |
503 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists | |
504 | |
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505 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be |
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506 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address |
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507 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are |
25474 | 508 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a |
509 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which | |
510 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers | |
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511 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or |
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512 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address} |
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513 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these |
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514 details. |
25474 | 515 |
516 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions | |
517 @section What is the current address of the FSF? | |
518 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF | |
519 @cindex Postal address of the FSF | |
520 @cindex Contracting the FSF | |
521 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting | |
522 | |
523 @table @asis | |
524 | |
525 @item E-mail | |
526 gnu@@gnu.org | |
527 | |
528 @item Telephone | |
529 +1-617-542-5942 | |
530 | |
531 @item Fax | |
532 +1-617-542-2652 | |
533 | |
534 @item World Wide Web | |
535 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/} | |
536 | |
537 @item Postal address | |
538 Free Software Foundation@* | |
539 59 Temple Place - Suite 330@* | |
540 Boston, MA 02111-1307@* | |
541 USA@* | |
542 | |
543 @end table | |
544 | |
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545 @cindex Ordering GNU software |
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546 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the |
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547 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}, and also the |
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548 files @file{etc/ORDERS}, @file{ORDERS.EUROPE}, and @file{ORDERS.JAPAN}. |
25474 | 549 |
550 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
551 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top | |
552 @chapter Getting help | |
553 @cindex Getting help | |
554 | |
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555 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs |
25474 | 556 |
557 @menu | |
558 * Basic editing:: | |
559 * Learning how to do something:: | |
560 * Getting a printed manual:: | |
561 * Emacs Lisp documentation:: | |
562 * Installing Texinfo documentation:: | |
563 * Printing a Texinfo file:: | |
564 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs:: | |
565 * Informational files for Emacs:: | |
566 * Help installing Emacs:: | |
567 * Obtaining the FAQ:: | |
568 @end menu | |
569 | |
570 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help | |
571 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing? | |
572 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs | |
573 @cindex Beginning editing | |
574 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the | |
575 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the | |
576 @cindex Help system, entering the | |
577 | |
578 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h} | |
579 enters the help system. | |
580 | |
581 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like | |
582 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x | |
583 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any) | |
584 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET} | |
585 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key | |
586 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key | |
587 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help. | |
588 | |
589 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value | |
590 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}. | |
591 | |
592 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also | |
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593 relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at |
25474 | 594 |
595 @uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html} | |
596 | |
597 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help | |
598 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs? | |
599 @cindex Help for Emacs | |
600 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs | |
601 @cindex Reference card for Emacs | |
602 @cindex Overview of help systems | |
603 | |
604 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs. | |
605 | |
606 @itemize @bullet | |
607 | |
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608 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual |
25474 | 609 @item |
610 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info | |
611 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h} | |
612 immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to | |
613 use it. | |
614 | |
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615 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual |
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616 @cindex Index search in a manual |
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617 @item |
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618 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain |
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619 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs |
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620 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the |
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621 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this |
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622 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,} |
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623 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and |
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624 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the |
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625 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.) |
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626 |
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627 @cindex Apropos |
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628 @item |
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629 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word |
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630 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x |
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631 command-apropos}). |
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632 |
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633 @cindex Command description in the manual |
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634 @item |
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635 The command @kbd{C-h C-f} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts |
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636 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the |
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637 Emacs manual where that command is described. |
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638 |
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639 @cindex Finding commands and variables |
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640 @item |
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641 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a |
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642 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}. |
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643 |
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644 @item |
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645 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation |
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646 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x |
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647 apropos-documentation}. |
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648 |
25474 | 649 @item |
650 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a | |
651 printed manual}. | |
652 | |
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653 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages |
25474 | 654 @item |
655 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to | |
656 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5), | |
657 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or | |
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658 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with |
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659 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the |
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660 reference card into several languages; look for files named |
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661 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code |
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662 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card |
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663 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}. |
25474 | 664 |
665 @item | |
666 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and | |
667 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after | |
668 @kbd{C-h}. | |
669 | |
670 @end itemize | |
671 | |
672 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help | |
673 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual? | |
674 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining | |
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675 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
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676 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of |
25474 | 677 |
678 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For | |
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679 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} |
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680 and the file @file{etc/ORDERS}. |
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681 |
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682 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent! |
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683 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man} |
25474 | 684 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to |
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685 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo |
25474 | 686 file}). |
687 | |
688 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{}, | |
689 you can get a PostScript version from | |
690 | |
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691 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz} |
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692 |
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693 @cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining |
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694 An HTML version of the manual is at |
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695 |
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696 @uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html} |
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697 |
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698 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line. |
25474 | 699 |
700 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help | |
701 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp? | |
702 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp | |
703 @cindex Function documentation | |
704 @cindex Variable documentation | |
705 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual | |
706 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp | |
707 | |
708 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a | |
709 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable. | |
710 | |
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711 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details |
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712 on ordering it from FSF are on the |
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713 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} and in the file |
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714 @file{etc/ORDERS}. |
25474 | 715 |
716 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info | |
717 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info | |
718 files) is available at | |
719 | |
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720 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz} |
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|
721 |
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722 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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|
723 distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want |
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724 to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want |
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725 to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself. |
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726 |
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727 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at |
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|
728 |
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729 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html} |
25474 | 730 |
731 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help | |
732 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation? | |
733 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing | |
734 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation | |
735 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing | |
736 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files | |
34741
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737 @cindex Info files, how to install |
25474 | 738 |
739 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this | |
740 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest | |
741 Texinfo package at | |
742 | |
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743 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz} |
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|
744 |
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745 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU |
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|
746 distributions}). |
25474 | 747 |
748 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which | |
34741
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749 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in |
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750 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo |
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751 @key{RET}}. |
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|
752 |
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753 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x |
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754 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the |
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755 manual you want to convert. |
25474 | 756 |
757 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the | |
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758 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files, |
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759 perform these steps: |
25474 | 760 |
761 @enumerate | |
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762 @item |
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763 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs |
36383
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|
764 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that |
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|
765 is. |
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|
766 |
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767 @item |
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768 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo |
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769 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this: |
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770 |
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771 @example |
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772 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file} |
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773 @end example |
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|
774 |
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|
775 @noindent |
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776 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied |
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777 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file |
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778 you produced and want to install. |
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|
779 |
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780 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can |
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781 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and |
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782 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are |
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783 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is: |
25474 | 784 |
785 @example | |
786 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic. | |
787 @end example | |
788 | |
789 @end enumerate | |
790 | |
791 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary | |
792 privileges, you have several options: | |
793 | |
794 @itemize @bullet | |
795 @item | |
796 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You | |
797 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by | |
798 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in | |
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799 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For |
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800 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home |
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801 directory, you can type this: |
25474 | 802 |
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803 @example |
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804 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}} |
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805 @end example |
25474 | 806 |
807 @item | |
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808 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that |
25474 | 809 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable |
810 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info | |
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811 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info}, |
25474 | 812 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
813 | |
814 @lisp | |
815 (setq Info-default-directory-list | |
816 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list)) | |
817 @end lisp | |
818 | |
819 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory | |
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820 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should |
25474 | 821 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need |
822 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir} | |
823 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in | |
824 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system. | |
825 | |
826 @end itemize | |
827 | |
828 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help | |
829 @section How do I print a Texinfo file? | |
830 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file | |
831 @cindex Texinfo file, printing | |
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832 @cindex Printing documentation |
25474 | 833 |
834 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have | |
835 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print. | |
836 | |
837 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps: | |
838 | |
839 @enumerate | |
840 | |
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841 @item |
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842 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this: |
25474 | 843 |
844 @example | |
845 \input texinfo | |
846 @end example | |
847 | |
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848 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the |
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849 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as |
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850 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory). |
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851 |
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852 @item |
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853 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is |
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854 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a |
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855 printed copy. |
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|
856 |
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857 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution |
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858 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
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|
859 |
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|
860 @item |
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861 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for |
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862 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript |
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863 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that |
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|
864 printer. |
25474 | 865 |
866 @end enumerate | |
867 | |
868 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package | |
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869 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}). |
25474 | 870 |
871 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help | |
872 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs? | |
873 @cindex Viewing Info files | |
874 @cindex Info file viewers | |
875 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers | |
876 | |
877 Yes. Here are some alternative programs: | |
878 | |
879 @itemize @bullet | |
880 | |
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881 @item |
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882 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of |
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883 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for |
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|
884 details. |
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|
885 |
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|
886 @item |
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887 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X |
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888 Window system. You can get it at |
25474 | 889 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all |
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890 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a |
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|
891 list of mirrors). |
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|
892 |
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|
893 @item |
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894 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk. |
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895 You can get Tkinfo at |
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896 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}. |
25474 | 897 |
898 @end itemize | |
899 | |
900 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help | |
901 @section What informational files are available for Emacs? | |
902 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs | |
903 @cindex Files included with Emacs | |
904 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file | |
905 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file | |
906 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file | |
907 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file | |
908 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file | |
909 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file | |
910 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file | |
911 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file | |
912 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file | |
913 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file | |
914 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file | |
915 | |
916 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of | |
917 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project | |
918 are available for you to read. | |
919 | |
920 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the | |
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921 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure |
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922 where that is). |
25474 | 923 |
924 @table @file | |
925 | |
926 @item COPYING | |
927 Emacs General Public License | |
928 | |
929 @item DISTRIB | |
930 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular "Free Software | |
931 Foundation Order Form" | |
932 | |
933 @item FTP | |
934 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP | |
935 | |
936 @item GNU | |
937 The GNU Manifesto | |
938 | |
939 @item INTERVIEW | |
940 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software | |
941 system with BYTE editors | |
942 | |
943 @item LPF | |
944 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom | |
945 | |
946 @item MACHINES | |
947 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems | |
948 | |
949 @item MAILINGLISTS | |
950 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists | |
951 | |
952 @item NEWS | |
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953 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes |
25474 | 954 |
955 @item SERVICE | |
956 GNU Service Directory | |
957 | |
958 @item SUN-SUPPORT | |
959 including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs" | |
960 | |
961 @end table | |
962 | |
963 Latest versions of the above files also available at | |
964 | |
965 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/} | |
966 | |
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967 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's |
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968 Bulletin}, are at |
25474 | 969 |
970 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and | |
971 | |
972 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html} | |
973 | |
974 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help | |
975 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs? | |
976 @cindex Installation help | |
977 @cindex Help installing Emacs | |
978 | |
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979 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see |
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980 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you |
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981 have problems with the installation. |
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982 |
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983 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're |
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984 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell |
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985 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file |
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986 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for |
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987 Emacs}). |
25474 | 988 |
989 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help | |
990 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ? | |
991 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the | |
992 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the | |
993 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version | |
994 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via | |
995 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the | |
996 | |
997 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways: | |
998 | |
999 @itemize @bullet | |
1000 | |
1001 @item | |
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1002 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs |
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1003 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top |
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1004 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h F} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}). |
25474 | 1005 |
1006 @item | |
1007 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your | |
1008 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and | |
1009 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you | |
1010 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you | |
1011 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for | |
1012 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command | |
1013 will do this for you at the article selection level: | |
1014 | |
1015 @example | |
1016 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m | |
1017 @end example | |
1018 | |
1019 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*} | |
1020 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view | |
1021 all articles in a newsgroup. | |
1022 | |
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1023 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news |
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1024 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news |
25474 | 1025 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a |
1026 while. | |
1027 | |
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1028 @item |
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1029 Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ from |
25474 | 1030 |
1031 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} and | |
1032 | |
1033 @uref{ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/} | |
1034 | |
1035 @item | |
1036 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time | |
37530
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1037 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either |
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1038 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}). |
25474 | 1039 |
1040 @item | |
1041 Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at | |
1042 | |
1043 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} | |
1044 | |
1045 @item | |
1046 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in | |
1047 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to | |
1048 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at | |
1049 | |
1050 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and | |
1051 | |
1052 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/} | |
1053 | |
1054 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives | |
1055 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be | |
1056 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a | |
1057 blank subject and containing | |
1058 | |
1059 @example | |
1060 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs | |
1061 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1 | |
1062 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2 | |
1063 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3 | |
1064 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4 | |
1065 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5 | |
1066 @end example | |
1067 | |
1068 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} | |
1069 with "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines. | |
1070 | |
1071 @item | |
1072 As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to | |
1073 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il}. Don't do this unless you have made a | |
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1074 good-faith effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed |
25474 | 1075 above. |
1076 | |
1077 @end itemize | |
1078 | |
1079 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
1080 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top | |
1081 @chapter Status of Emacs | |
1082 @cindex Status of Emacs | |
1083 | |
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1084 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its |
25474 | 1085 latest version status. |
1086 | |
1087 @menu | |
1088 * Origin of the term Emacs:: | |
1089 * Latest version of Emacs:: | |
1090 * New in Emacs 20:: | |
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1091 * New in Emacs 21:: |
25474 | 1092 @end menu |
1093 | |
1094 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
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1095 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from? |
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1096 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs'' |
25474 | 1097 @cindex Emacs name origin |
1098 @cindex TECO | |
1099 @cindex Original version of Emacs | |
1100 | |
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1101 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked |
25474 | 1102 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at |
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1103 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT |
25474 | 1104 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape |
1105 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended | |
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1106 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys. |
25474 | 1107 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project |
1108 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT, | |
1109 and completed by RMS. | |
1110 | |
1111 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you | |
1112 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO | |
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1113 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not |
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1114 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the |
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1115 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs. |
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1116 |
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1117 @cindex Why Emacs? |
25474 | 1118 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that |
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1119 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name |
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1120 conventions}). |
25474 | 1121 |
1122 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs | |
1123 @section What is the latest version of Emacs? | |
1124 @cindex Version, latest | |
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1125 @cindex Latest version of Emacs |
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1126 |
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1127 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing. |
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1128 |
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1129 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs |
25474 | 1130 @section What is different about Emacs 20? |
1131 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20 | |
1132 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in | |
1133 | |
1134 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h n} | |
1135 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of | |
1136 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at | |
1137 the top. | |
1138 | |
1139 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic; | |
1140 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was | |
1141 obvious to even the most casual user. | |
1142 | |
1143 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many | |
1144 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion | |
34741
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1145 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing |
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1146 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for |
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1147 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion |
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1148 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms. |
25474 | 1149 |
1150 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the | |
1151 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20, | |
1152 and are now included with the standard distribution. | |
1153 | |
1154 | |
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1155 @node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs |
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1156 @section What is different about Emacs 21? |
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1157 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21 |
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1158 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in |
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1159 @cindex Recently introduced features |
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1160 |
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1161 @cindex Variable-size fonts |
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1162 @cindex Toolbar support |
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1163 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new |
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1164 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds |
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1165 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearence of |
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1166 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of |
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1167 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and |
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1168 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips |
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1169 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties. |
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1170 |
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1171 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals |
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1172 @cindex TTY colors |
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1173 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means |
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1174 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console |
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1175 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}. |
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1176 |
25474 | 1177 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
1178 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top | |
1179 @chapter Common requests | |
1180 @cindex Common requests | |
1181 | |
1182 @menu | |
1183 * Setting up a customization file:: | |
1184 * Debugging a customization file:: | |
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1185 * Colors on a TTY:: |
25474 | 1186 * Displaying the current line or column:: |
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1187 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar:: |
25474 | 1188 * Turning on abbrevs by default:: |
1189 * Turning on auto-fill by default:: | |
1190 * Associating modes with files:: | |
1191 * Working with unprintable characters:: | |
1192 * Highlighting a region:: | |
1193 * Controlling case sensitivity:: | |
1194 * Wrapping words automatically:: | |
1195 * Spell-checkers:: | |
1196 * Checking TeX and *roff documents:: | |
1197 * Changing load-path:: | |
1198 * Using an already running Emacs process:: | |
1199 * Compiler error messages:: | |
1200 * Indenting switch statements:: | |
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(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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1201 * Customizing C and C++ indentation:: |
25474 | 1202 * Horizontal scrolling:: |
1203 * Overwrite mode:: | |
1204 * Turning off beeping:: | |
1205 * Turning the volume down:: | |
1206 * Automatic indentation:: | |
1207 * Matching parentheses:: | |
1208 * Hiding #ifdef lines:: | |
1209 * Repeating commands:: | |
1210 * Valid X resources:: | |
1211 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code:: | |
1212 * Changing the length of a Tab:: | |
1213 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line:: | |
1214 * Underlining paragraphs:: | |
1215 * Repeating a command as many times as possible:: | |
1216 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column:: | |
1217 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself:: | |
1218 * Using regular expressions:: | |
1219 * Replacing text across multiple files:: | |
1220 * Documentation for etags:: | |
1221 * Disabling backups:: | |
1222 * Disabling auto-save-mode:: | |
36301
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(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
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1223 * Going to a line by number:: |
25474 | 1224 * Modifying pull-down menus:: |
1225 * Deleting menus and menu options:: | |
1226 * Turning on syntax highlighting:: | |
1227 * Scrolling only one line:: | |
1228 * Replacing highlighted text:: | |
1229 * Editing MS-DOS files:: | |
1230 * Filling paragraphs with a single space:: | |
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1231 * Escape sequences in shell output:: |
25474 | 1232 @end menu |
1233 | |
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1234 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests |
25474 | 1235 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly? |
1236 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up | |
1237 @cindex Init file, setting up | |
1238 @cindex Customization file, setting up | |
1239 | |
1240 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs} | |
1241 | |
1242 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because | |
1243 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to | |
1244 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as | |
1245 documented. | |
1246 | |
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1247 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize |
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1248 facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. |
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1249 This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their |
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1250 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus |
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1251 rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this |
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1252 writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily. |
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1253 |
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1254 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs, |
25474 | 1255 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your |
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1256 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described |
25474 | 1257 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users |
1258 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks. | |
1259 | |
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1260 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests |
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1261 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY? |
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1262 @cindex Colors on a TTY |
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1263 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY |
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1264 @cindex Console, colors |
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1265 |
43960
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1266 In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode, |
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654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
1267 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1268 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1269 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1270 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1271 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1272 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1273 capabilities. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1274 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1275 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1276 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1277 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1278 Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1279 on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1280 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1281 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests |
25474 | 1282 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file? |
1283 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
1284 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging | |
1285 @cindex Init file debugging | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1286 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option |
25474 | 1287 |
1288 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This | |
1289 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs} | |
1290 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top | |
1291 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the | |
1292 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your | |
1293 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem. | |
1294 | |
1295 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function | |
1296 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the | |
1297 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x | |
1298 eval-last-sexp}). | |
1299 | |
1300 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of | |
1301 variables which you are trying to set or use. | |
1302 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1303 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests |
25474 | 1304 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number? |
1305 @cindex @code{line-number-mode} | |
1306 @cindex Displaying the current line or column | |
1307 @cindex Line number, displaying the current | |
1308 @cindex Column, displaying the current | |
1309 @cindex @code{mode-line-format} | |
1310 | |
1311 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point | |
1312 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the | |
1313 form | |
1314 | |
1315 @lisp | |
1316 (setq line-number-mode t) | |
1317 @end lisp | |
1318 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1319 @noindent |
25474 | 1320 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1321 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1322 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1323 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1324 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}. |
25474 | 1325 |
1326 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with | |
1327 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form | |
1328 | |
1329 @lisp | |
1330 (setq column-number-mode t) | |
1331 @end lisp | |
1332 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1333 @noindent |
25474 | 1334 in your @file{.emacs} file. |
1335 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1336 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1337 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the |
25474 | 1338 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v |
1339 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use | |
1340 this variable. | |
1341 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1342 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1343 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1344 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1345 instructions on how to get it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1346 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1347 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1348 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number'' |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1349 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know). |
25474 | 1350 |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1351 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1352 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name? |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1353 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1354 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar |
25474 | 1355 @cindex @code{frame-title-format} |
1356 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1357 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable |
25474 | 1358 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable |
1359 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x | |
1360 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these | |
1361 variables.) | |
1362 | |
1363 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer | |
1364 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1365 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1366 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting |
25474 | 1367 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of |
1368 | |
1369 @lisp | |
1370 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name)) | |
1371 @end lisp | |
1372 | |
1373 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's | |
1374 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following | |
1375 in your @file{.emacs}: | |
1376 | |
1377 @lisp | |
1378 (setq frame-title-format "%b") | |
1379 @end lisp | |
1380 | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
1381 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1382 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}? |
25474 | 1383 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default |
1384 | |
1385 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1386 | |
1387 @lisp | |
1388 (condition-case () | |
1389 (quietly-read-abbrev-file) | |
1390 (file-error nil)) | |
1391 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1392 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1393 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1394 (setq abbrev-mode t))) |
25474 | 1395 @end lisp |
1396 | |
1397 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests | |
1398 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default? | |
1399 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically | |
1400 @cindex Filling automatically | |
1401 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode} | |
1402 | |
1403 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
1404 auto-fill-mode}. | |
1405 | |
1406 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook | |
1407 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all | |
1408 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1409 | |
1410 @lisp | |
1411 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) | |
1412 @end lisp | |
1413 | |
1414 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this: | |
1415 | |
1416 @lisp | |
1417 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill) | |
1418 @end lisp | |
1419 | |
1420 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests | |
1421 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files? | |
1422 @cindex Associating modes with files | |
1423 @cindex File extensions and modes | |
1424 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying | |
1425 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions | |
1426 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1427 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1428 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you: |
25474 | 1429 |
1430 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1431 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist)) |
25474 | 1432 @end lisp |
1433 | |
1434 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1435 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1436 with @samp{#!}): |
25474 | 1437 |
1438 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1439 -*- @var{foo} -*- |
25474 | 1440 @end example |
1441 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1442 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts |
25474 | 1443 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist} |
1444 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs | |
1445 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1446 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't |
25474 | 1447 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x |
1448 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more. | |
1449 | |
1450 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests | |
1451 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters? | |
1452 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with | |
1453 @cindex Working with unprintable characters | |
1454 @cindex Control characters, working with | |
1455 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with | |
1456 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters | |
1457 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters | |
1458 | |
1459 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for | |
1460 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes | |
1461 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).) | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1462 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1463 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1464 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable |
25474 | 1465 chars. |
1466 | |
1467 @itemize @bullet | |
1468 | |
1469 @item | |
1470 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1471 | |
1472 @item | |
1473 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]} | |
1474 | |
1475 @end itemize | |
1476 | |
1477 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to | |
1478 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to | |
1479 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand | |
1480 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So, | |
1481 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}: | |
1482 | |
1483 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}} | |
1484 | |
1485 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}: | |
1486 | |
40705 | 1487 @kbd{C-M-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]} |
25474 | 1488 |
1489 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp: | |
1490 | |
1491 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}} | |
1492 | |
1493 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable | |
1494 characters with a colon, use: | |
1495 | |
1496 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET} | |
1497 | |
1498 @itemize @bullet | |
1499 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1500 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1501 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing |
25474 | 1502 something in the minibuffer. |
1503 | |
1504 @end itemize | |
1505 | |
1506 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests | |
1507 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs? | |
1508 @cindex Highlighting text | |
1509 @cindex Text, highlighting | |
1510 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode} | |
1511 @cindex Region, highlighting a | |
1512 | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1513 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1514 including |
25474 | 1515 |
1516 @lisp | |
1517 (transient-mark-mode t) | |
1518 @end lisp | |
1519 | |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1520 @noindent |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1521 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1522 highlighting}.) |
25474 | 1523 |
1524 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests | |
1525 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing? | |
1526 @cindex @code{case-fold-search} | |
1527 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches | |
1528 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity | |
1529 @cindex Ignoring case in searches | |
1530 | |
1531 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search} | |
1532 determines whether they are case sensitive: | |
1533 | |
1534 @lisp | |
1535 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive | |
1536 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive | |
1537 @end lisp | |
1538 | |
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|
1539 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
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|
1540 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1541 @cindex @code{case-replace} |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1542 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines |
25474 | 1543 whether replacements preserve case. |
1544 | |
1545 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major | |
1546 mode's hook. For example: | |
1547 | |
1548 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1549 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
1550 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
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|
1551 (setq case-fold-search nil))) |
25474 | 1552 @end lisp |
1553 | |
1554 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests | |
1555 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me? | |
1556 @cindex Wrapping word automatically | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1557 @cindex Wrapping lines |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1558 @cindex Line wrap |
25474 | 1559 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to |
1560 @cindex Maximum line width, default value | |
1561 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value | |
1562 | |
1563 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}. | |
1564 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1565 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
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|
1566 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}. |
25474 | 1567 |
1568 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests | |
1569 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs? | |
1570 @cindex Checking spelling | |
1571 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents | |
1572 | |
1573 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}. | |
1574 | |
1575 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests | |
1576 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents? | |
1577 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents | |
1578 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in | |
1579 | |
1580 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents. | |
1581 @xref{Ispell}. | |
1582 | |
1583 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests | |
1584 @section How do I change @code{load-path}? | |
1585 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying | |
1586 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path} | |
1587 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path} | |
1588 | |
1589 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1590 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this: |
25474 | 1591 |
1592 @lisp | |
34741
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1593 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path)) |
25474 | 1594 @end lisp |
1595 | |
1596 To do this relative to your home directory: | |
1597 | |
1598 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1599 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path) |
25474 | 1600 @end lisp |
1601 | |
1602 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests | |
1603 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window? | |
1604 @cindex @code{emacsclient} | |
1605 @cindex Emacs server functions | |
1606 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process | |
1607 | |
1608 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using | |
1609 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does | |
1610 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be | |
1611 expecting the request. | |
1612 | |
1613 @itemize @bullet | |
1614 | |
1615 @item | |
34741
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|
1616 Setup: |
25474 | 1617 |
1618 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for | |
1619 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line | |
1620 option: | |
1621 | |
1622 @example | |
1623 emacs -f server-start | |
1624 @end example | |
1625 | |
1626 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}: | |
1627 | |
1628 @lisp | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
1629 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start)) |
25474 | 1630 @end lisp |
1631 | |
1632 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called | |
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d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1633 @samp{emacsserver}. @samp{emacsserver} creates a Unix domain socket. |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1634 The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory, |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1635 or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp} |
27113
21f49fa0782b
Add socket name `esrv-USERID-SYSTEMNAME' for emacsserver.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
25874
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changeset
|
1636 directory, depending on how @samp{emacsserver} was compiled. |
25474 | 1637 |
1638 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke | |
1639 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR} | |
1640 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may | |
1641 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program | |
1642 instead. Examples: | |
1643 | |
1644 @example | |
1645 # csh commands: | |
1646 setenv EDITOR emacsclient | |
1647 | |
1648 # using full pathname | |
1649 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient | |
1650 | |
1651 # sh command: | |
1652 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR | |
1653 @end example | |
1654 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1655 @item |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1656 Normal use: |
25474 | 1657 |
1658 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server} | |
1659 socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1660 @samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the |
25474 | 1661 the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files |
1662 specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The | |
1663 user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is | |
1664 done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x | |
1665 server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1666 @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1667 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue. |
25474 | 1668 |
1669 @samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which | |
1670 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that | |
1671 @samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that | |
1672 the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1673 the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1674 @samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1675 from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
1676 session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program. |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1677 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1678 @cindex @code{gnuserv} |
25474 | 1679 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called |
34741
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1680 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1681 which is available in the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1682 not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses Internet domain sockets, so |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1683 it can work across most network connections. It also supports the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1684 execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does not require the client |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1685 program to wait for completion. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1686 |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1687 The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at |
25474 | 1688 |
1689 @uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz} | |
1690 | |
1691 @end itemize | |
1692 | |
1693 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests | |
1694 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages? | |
1695 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing | |
1696 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors | |
1697 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors | |
1698 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler | |
1699 | |
1700 The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1701 Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1702 @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1703 @var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1704 the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1705 @kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1706 value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1707 comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1708 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1709 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1710 following to inform Emacs of your changes: |
25474 | 1711 |
1712 @lisp | |
1713 (setq compilation-error-regexp-alist | |
34741
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1714 (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx}) |
25474 | 1715 compilation-error-regexp-alist)) |
1716 @end lisp | |
1717 | |
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(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1718 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests |
25474 | 1719 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}? |
1720 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting | |
1721 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch} | |
1722 | |
1723 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this: | |
1724 | |
1725 @example | |
1726 f() | |
1727 @{ | |
1728 switch(x) @{ | |
1729 case A: | |
1730 x1; | |
1731 break; | |
1732 case B: | |
1733 x2; | |
1734 break; | |
1735 default: | |
1736 x3; | |
1737 @} | |
1738 @} | |
1739 @end example | |
1740 | |
1741 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and | |
1742 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation | |
1743 spacing of four instead of two. | |
1744 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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|
1745 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
1746 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1747 @file{.emacs}: |
25474 | 1748 |
1749 @lisp | |
1750 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+) | |
1751 @end lisp | |
1752 | |
1753 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}. | |
1754 | |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1755 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1756 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1757 @cindex Indentation, how to customize |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1758 @cindex Customize indentation |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1759 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1760 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1761 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1762 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1763 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1764 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1765 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1766 @enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1767 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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changeset
|
1768 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1769 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1770 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1771 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1772 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1773 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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1774 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1775 one of these: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1776 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1777 @table @code |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1778 @item 0 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1779 No extra indentation. |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1780 @item + |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1781 Indent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1782 @item - |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1783 Outdent one basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1784 @item ++ |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1785 Indent two basic offsets |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1786 @item -- |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1787 Outdent two basic offsets. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1788 @item * |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1789 Indent half basic offset. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1790 @item / |
37079
dc7cb733ffc7
Fix a typo in the last change.
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1791 Outdent half basic offset. |
36977
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1792 @end table |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1793 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1794 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1795 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1796 the line or the block according to what you just specified. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1797 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1798 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1799 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
1800 following line to your @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
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|
1801 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1802 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1803 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset}) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1804 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1805 |
cd1988377f17
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parents:
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|
1806 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1807 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1808 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1809 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1810 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1811 procedure. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1812 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1813 @item |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1814 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1815 the process there. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1816 @end enumerate |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1817 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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|
1818 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1819 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1820 |
cd1988377f17
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1821 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1822 (defun my-c-mode-hook () |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1823 (c-set-offset ...) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1824 (c-set-offset ...)) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1825 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1826 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1827 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1828 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1829 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1830 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1831 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
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parents:
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|
1832 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1833 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1834 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1835 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1836 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
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|
1837 @code{c-mode-common-hook}. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1838 |
cd1988377f17
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|
1839 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests |
25474 | 1840 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally? |
1841 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode} | |
1842 @cindex Horizontal scrolling | |
1843 @cindex Scrolling horizontally | |
1844 | |
34741
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1845 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable |
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1846 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs |
13240ff7920b
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1847 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the |
13240ff7920b
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1848 left or right edge of the window. |
13240ff7920b
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|
1849 |
13240ff7920b
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|
1850 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from |
25474 | 1851 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}: |
1852 | |
1853 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the | |
1854 left or right edge of the window. | |
1855 | |
1856 @itemize @minus | |
34741
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|
1857 @item |
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1858 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer. |
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1859 |
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|
1860 @item |
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1861 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer. |
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|
1862 |
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|
1863 @item |
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1864 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in: |
25474 | 1865 |
1866 @lisp | |
1867 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll) | |
1868 @end lisp | |
1869 | |
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1870 @item |
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1871 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the |
25474 | 1872 edge of the window. |
1873 | |
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|
1874 @item |
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1875 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so. |
25474 | 1876 @end itemize |
1877 | |
1878 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests | |
1879 @section How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting? | |
1880 @cindex @key{Insert} | |
1881 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1882 @cindex Overwriting existing text | |
1883 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1884 | |
1885 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles | |
1886 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode} | |
1887 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}. | |
1888 | |
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1889 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off. |
25474 | 1890 |
1891 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests | |
1892 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal? | |
1893 @cindex Beeping, turning off | |
1894 @cindex Visible bell | |
1895 @cindex Bell, visible | |
1896 | |
1897 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes: | |
1898 | |
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1899 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell, |
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1900 and set the visible bell to nothing. |
25474 | 1901 |
1902 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable | |
1903 (assuming you have one): | |
1904 | |
1905 @example | |
1906 ... :vb=: ... | |
1907 @end example | |
1908 | |
1909 And evaluate the following Lisp form: | |
1910 | |
1911 @example | |
1912 (setq visible-bell t) | |
1913 @end example | |
1914 | |
1915 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests | |
35188
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1916 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X? |
25474 | 1917 @cindex Bell, volume of |
1918 @cindex Volume of bell | |
1919 | |
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1920 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all |
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1921 programs with the shell command @code{xset}. |
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1922 |
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1923 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic |
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1924 information, including the following: |
25474 | 1925 |
1926 @example | |
1927 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ... | |
1928 To turn bell off: | |
1929 -b b off b 0 | |
1930 To set bell volume, pitch and duration: | |
1931 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on | |
1932 @end example | |
1933 | |
1934 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests | |
1935 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line? | |
1936 @cindex Indenting new lines | |
1937 @cindex New lines, indenting of | |
1938 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to | |
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1939 @cindex Text indentation |
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1940 |
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1941 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the |
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1942 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2: |
25474 | 1943 |
1944 @example | |
1945 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes | |
1946 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode, | |
1947 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text | |
1948 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical | |
1949 difference only when you use indented paragraphs. | |
1950 | |
1951 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode, | |
1952 and is an alias for it. | |
1953 | |
1954 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use | |
1955 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode. | |
1956 @end example | |
1957 | |
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1958 @cindex Prefixing lines |
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1959 @cindex Fill prefix |
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1960 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill |
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1961 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain |
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|
1962 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the |
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|
1963 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .} |
25474 | 1964 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter, |
1965 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of | |
1966 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill | |
1967 prefix when refilling the paragraph. | |
1968 | |
1969 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will | |
1970 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a | |
1971 new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages | |
1972 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come | |
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|
1973 with Emacs}.) Look up ``fill'' and ``indent'' in the Lisp Code |
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|
1974 Directory for guidance. |
25474 | 1975 |
1976 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests | |
1977 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at? | |
1978 @cindex Parentheses, matching | |
1979 @cindex @file{paren.el} | |
1980 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses | |
1981 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting | |
1982 @cindex Matching parentheses | |
1983 | |
1984 As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded) | |
1985 will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e., | |
1986 the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically, | |
1987 include the line | |
1988 | |
1989 @lisp | |
1990 (require 'paren) | |
1991 @end lisp | |
1992 | |
1993 in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko} | |
1994 reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in | |
1995 your @file{.emacs} file: | |
1996 | |
1997 @lisp | |
1998 (show-paren-mode 1) | |
1999 @end lisp | |
2000 | |
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2001 Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x |
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|
2002 customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within |
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|
2003 Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group. |
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parents:
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|
2004 |
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|
2005 Alternatives to paren include: |
25474 | 2006 |
2007 @itemize @bullet | |
2008 | |
2009 @item | |
2010 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can | |
34741
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parents:
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|
2011 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to |
13240ff7920b
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|
2012 the matching parenthesis. |
25474 | 2013 |
2014 @item | |
40705 | 2015 @kbd{C-M-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{C-M-b} (@code{backward-sexp}) |
25474 | 2016 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which |
2017 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets | |
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|
2018 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.) |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2019 |
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|
2020 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi} |
25474 | 2021 @item |
2022 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching | |
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|
2023 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a |
25474 | 2024 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal. |
2025 | |
2026 @lisp | |
2027 ;; By an unknown contributor | |
2028 | |
2029 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren) | |
2030 | |
2031 (defun match-paren (arg) | |
2032 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %." | |
2033 (interactive "p") | |
2034 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1)) | |
2035 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1)) | |
2036 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1))))) | |
2037 @end lisp | |
2038 | |
2039 @end itemize | |
2040 | |
2041 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests | |
2042 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler? | |
2043 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of | |
2044 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode} | |
2045 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text | |
2046 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code | |
2047 | |
2048 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want | |
2049 to try @file{cpp.el}, available at the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
2050 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). | |
2051 | |
2052 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests | |
2053 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi? | |
34741
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|
2054 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi} |
25474 | 2055 @cindex Command, repeat last |
34741
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parents:
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|
2056 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2057 |
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parents:
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|
2058 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2059 insertion/deletion.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2060 |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2061 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z}) |
25474 | 2062 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix |
2063 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command. | |
2064 | |
2065 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}} | |
2066 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the | |
2067 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can | |
34741
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|
2068 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
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changeset
|
2069 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex |
25474 | 2070 commands you've typed. |
2071 | |
2072 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard | |
2073 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.) | |
2074 | |
34741
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2075 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2076 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to |
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|
2077 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.) |
25474 | 2078 |
2079 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests | |
2080 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)? | |
2081 @cindex Resources, X | |
2082 @cindex X resources | |
2083 @cindex Setting X resources | |
2084 | |
2085 @inforef{Resources X, Resources X, emacs}. | |
2086 | |
2087 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and | |
2088 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs | |
2089 was compiled with the X toolkit. | |
2090 | |
2091 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests | |
2092 @section How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code? | |
2093 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code | |
2094 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating | |
2095 | |
34741
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2096 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2097 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}: |
25474 | 2098 |
2099 @itemize @bullet | |
2100 | |
2101 @item | |
2102 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file | |
34741
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2103 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your |
13240ff7920b
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|
2104 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations. |
25474 | 2105 |
2106 @item | |
2107 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type | |
2108 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form | |
2109 will be inserted in the buffer. | |
2110 | |
2111 @item | |
40705 | 2112 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{C-M-x} evaluates a top-level form |
25474 | 2113 before or around point. |
2114 | |
2115 @item | |
2116 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately | |
2117 before point and prints its value in the echo area. | |
2118 | |
2119 @item | |
2120 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp | |
34741
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2121 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}. |
25474 | 2122 |
2123 @item | |
2124 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp | |
2125 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load} | |
2126 instead.) | |
2127 | |
2128 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region}, | |
2129 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also | |
34741
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|
2130 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more |
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|
2131 about them. |
25474 | 2132 |
2133 @end itemize | |
2134 | |
2135 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests | |
2136 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length? | |
2137 @cindex Tab length | |
2138 @cindex Length of tab character | |
2139 @cindex @code{default-tab-width} | |
2140 | |
2141 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set | |
2142 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your | |
2143 @file{.emacs} file: | |
2144 | |
2145 @lisp | |
2146 (setq default-tab-width 10) | |
2147 @end lisp | |
2148 | |
2149 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable | |
2150 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal | |
2151 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted | |
2152 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes. | |
2153 | |
2154 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests | |
2155 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line? | |
2156 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies | |
2157 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character | |
2158 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix} | |
2159 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2160 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character | |
2161 | |
2162 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp | |
2163 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}. | |
2164 | |
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Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
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2165 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}. |
25474 | 2166 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you |
2167 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type | |
37447
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2168 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole |
0bc52782144f
Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2169 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2170 |
2171 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you | |
34741
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|
2172 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use |
25474 | 2173 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible |
34741
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|
2174 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs |
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2175 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for |
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|
2176 additional information. |
25474 | 2177 |
2178 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests | |
2179 @section How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph? | |
2180 @cindex Underlining a region of text | |
2181 @cindex @code{underline-region} | |
2182 | |
34741
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2183 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}. |
25474 | 2184 |
2185 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests | |
2186 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible? | |
34741
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2187 @cindex Repeating commands many times |
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2188 @cindex Commands, repeating many times |
25474 | 2189 |
2190 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes | |
2191 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}. | |
2192 | |
2193 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed. | |
2194 | |
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2195 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use |
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|
2196 @kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}. |
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2197 |
25474 | 2198 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests |
2199 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short? | |
2200 @cindex @code{picture-mode} | |
2201 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents | |
2202 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents | |
2203 | |
2204 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}. | |
2205 | |
2206 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests | |
2207 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself? | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
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2208 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System |
94d46968a93f
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|
2209 @cindex X Window System and iconification |
25474 | 2210 @cindex Suspending Emacs |
2211 | |
35188
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|
2212 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs |
25474 | 2213 otherwise. @inforef{Misc X, Misc X, emacs}. |
2214 | |
2215 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests | |
2216 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs? | |
2217 @cindex Regexps | |
2218 @cindex Regular expressions | |
2219 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps | |
2220 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs | |
2221 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in | |
2222 | |
2223 @inforef{Regexps, Regexps, emacs}. | |
2224 | |
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2225 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators |
25474 | 2226 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is |
2227 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)} | |
2228 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}. | |
2229 | |
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|
2230 Note the doubled backslashes! |
25474 | 2231 |
2232 @itemize @bullet | |
2233 | |
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|
2234 @item |
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2235 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set |
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|
2236 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2237 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the |
25474 | 2238 characters not to match. |
2239 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2240 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2241 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not |
25474 | 2242 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This |
2243 is actually typical for regexp syntax.) | |
2244 | |
2245 @end itemize | |
2246 | |
2247 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests | |
2248 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file? | |
2249 @cindex Replacing strings across files | |
2250 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across | |
2251 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple | |
2252 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2253 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command |
25474 | 2254 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2255 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search, |
25474 | 2256 emacs}. |
2257 | |
2258 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x | |
2259 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows | |
2260 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files. | |
2261 | |
2262 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2263 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2264 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2265 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2266 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2267 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2268 @code{emacs} man page. |
25474 | 2269 |
2270 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example, | |
2271 @samp{etags -H}. | |
2272 | |
2273 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests | |
2274 @section How do I disable backup files? | |
2275 @cindex Backups, disabling | |
2276 @cindex Disabling backups | |
2277 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2278 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2279 when something goes wrong. |
25474 | 2280 |
2281 To avoid seeing backup files (and other "uninteresting" files) in Dired, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2282 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file: |
25474 | 2283 |
2284 @lisp | |
2285 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2286 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
2287 (load "dired-x"))) |
25474 | 2288 @end lisp |
2289 | |
34741
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2290 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer. |
25474 | 2291 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the |
2292 following in your @file{.emacs}: | |
2293 | |
2294 @lisp | |
30692
b2cc8b3e837e
(Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
30009
diff
changeset
|
2295 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle) |
25474 | 2296 @end lisp |
2297 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2298 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2299 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2300 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2301 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}). |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2302 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2303 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, , |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2304 emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2305 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2306 @cindex Backup files in a single directory |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2307 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2308 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2309 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2310 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2311 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2312 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}. |
25474 | 2313 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2314 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests |
25474 | 2315 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}? |
2316 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode} | |
2317 @cindex Auto-saving | |
2318 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals | |
2319 | |
2320 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful, | |
2321 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a | |
2322 document. | |
2323 | |
2324 Instead, you might want to change the variable | |
2325 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs | |
2326 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait | |
2327 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less. | |
2328 | |
2329 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save} | |
2330 package, available from the Lisp Code Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come | |
2331 with Emacs}). This | |
2332 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory, | |
2333 such as @file{/tmp}. | |
2334 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2335 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2336 Save, , emacs}. |
25474 | 2337 |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2338 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2339 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2340 @cindex Going to a line by number |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2341 @cindex Compilation error messages |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2342 @cindex Recompilation |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2343 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2344 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2345 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2346 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2347 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2348 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2349 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2350 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2351 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2352 one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2353 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2354 in that message. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2355 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2356 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2357 goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2358 and go to that line. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2359 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2360 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2361 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2362 goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2363 buffer. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2364 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2365 If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2366 it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs} |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2367 file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}: |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2368 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2369 @lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2370 (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line) |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2371 @end lisp |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2372 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2373 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2374 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests |
25474 | 2375 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options? |
2376 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying | |
2377 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying | |
2378 @cindex Creating new menu options | |
2379 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus | |
2380 @cindex Menus and keymaps | |
2381 @cindex Keymaps and menus | |
2382 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2383 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2384 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2385 mouse displays that keymap's non-nil contents in the form of a menu. |
25474 | 2386 |
2387 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2388 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2389 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code: |
25474 | 2390 |
2391 @lisp | |
2392 (define-key global-map | |
2393 [menu-bar edit forward] | |
2394 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2395 @end lisp | |
2396 | |
34741
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|
2397 @noindent |
25474 | 2398 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes |
2399 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map} | |
2400 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular | |
2401 mode. | |
2402 | |
2403 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry. | |
34741
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|
2404 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
2405 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}. |
25474 | 2406 |
2407 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will | |
2408 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be | |
2409 called when that menu option is invoked. | |
2410 | |
2411 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must | |
2412 define an entirely new keymap: | |
2413 | |
2414 @lisp | |
2415 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] | |
2416 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words"))) | |
2417 @end lisp | |
2418 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2419 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
2420 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2421 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
2422 following code: |
25474 | 2423 |
2424 @lisp | |
2425 (define-key global-map | |
2426 [menu-bar words forward] | |
2427 '("Forward word" . forward-word)) | |
2428 @end lisp | |
2429 | |
34741
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changeset
|
2430 @noindent |
25474 | 2431 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed |
2432 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
2433 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that |
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|
2434 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and |
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parents:
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|
2435 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom. |
25474 | 2436 |
2437 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after}, | |
2438 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2439 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word} |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2440 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item: |
25474 | 2441 |
2442 @lisp | |
2443 (define-key-after | |
2444 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit]) | |
2445 [forward] | |
2446 '("Forward word" . forward-word) | |
2447 'undo) | |
2448 @end lisp | |
2449 | |
2450 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are | |
2451 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new | |
2452 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be | |
2453 defined. | |
2454 | |
2455 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate | |
2456 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument. | |
2457 | |
34741
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|
2458 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and |
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|
2459 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2460 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on |
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2461 this manual.) |
25474 | 2462 |
2463 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests | |
2464 @section How do I delete menus and menu options? | |
2465 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options | |
2466 @cindex Menus, deleting | |
2467 | |
2468 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}. | |
34741
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|
2469 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down |
25474 | 2470 menus}), use: |
2471 | |
2472 @lisp | |
2473 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil) | |
2474 @end lisp | |
2475 | |
2476 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to | |
34741
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|
2477 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
2478 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down |
13240ff7920b
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|
2479 menus}), use: |
25474 | 2480 |
2481 @lisp | |
2482 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil) | |
2483 @end lisp | |
2484 | |
2485 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests | |
2486 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting? | |
2487 @cindex Syntax highlighting | |
2488 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2489 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax | |
2490 @cindex Colorizing text | |
2491 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode} | |
2492 | |
2493 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax | |
34741
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parents:
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|
2494 highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2495 on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2496 instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2497 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2498 a third. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2499 |
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|
2500 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated |
25474 | 2501 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of |
2502 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes | |
2503 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained. | |
2504 | |
2505 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x | |
2506 font-lock-mode @key{RET}}. | |
2507 | |
2508 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major | |
2509 mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all | |
2510 @code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2511 | |
2512 @lisp | |
2513 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) | |
2514 @end lisp | |
2515 | |
2516 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you | |
2517 can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line | |
2518 in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2519 | |
2520 @lisp | |
2521 (global-font-lock-mode 1) | |
2522 @end lisp | |
2523 | |
34741
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|
2524 @noindent |
25474 | 2525 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for |
2526 which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable | |
2527 @code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in | |
2528 @code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for | |
2529 @code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that | |
2530 particular buffer. | |
2531 | |
34741
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2532 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while, |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2533 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2534 work around this. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2535 |
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changeset
|
2536 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
2537 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2538 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2539 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2540 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2541 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2542 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2543 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2544 |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2545 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2546 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2547 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2548 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2549 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To |
25474 | 2550 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of |
2551 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a | |
2552 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a | |
2553 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest | |
2554 possible look, then, include the line | |
2555 | |
2556 @lisp | |
2557 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t) | |
2558 @end lisp | |
2559 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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|
2560 @noindent |
25474 | 2561 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that |
2562 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more | |
2563 information, see the documentation for | |
2564 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x | |
2565 describe-variable @key{RET}}). | |
2566 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2567 @cindex Lazy font-lock |
25474 | 2568 You might also want to investigate @code{fast-lock-mode} and |
2569 @code{lazy-lock-mode}, versions of @code{font-lock-mode} that speed up | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2570 highlighting. These are the alternatives for @code{jit-lock-mode} in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2571 versions of Emacs before 21.1. The advantage of @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
2572 is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions are met, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2573 as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have finished |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2574 scrolling through text. See the documentation for @code{lazy-lock-mode} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2575 by typing @kbd{C-h f @code{lazy-lock-mode}} (@kbd{M-x describe-function |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2576 @key{RET} lazy-lock-mode @key{RET}}). |
25474 | 2577 |
2578 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode}, | |
2579 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x | |
2580 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}). | |
2581 | |
2582 For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the | |
2583 @code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by | |
2584 @email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at | |
2585 | |
2586 @uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui} | |
2587 | |
2588 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use | |
2589 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2590 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2591 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript; |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2592 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name}, |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2593 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details. |
25474 | 2594 |
2595 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests | |
2596 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen? | |
2597 @cindex Scrolling only one line | |
2598 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrollng | |
2599 | |
2600 Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2601 | |
2602 @lisp | |
2603 (setq scroll-step 1) | |
2604 @end lisp | |
2605 | |
2606 @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}. | |
2607 | |
2608 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests | |
2609 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type? | |
2610 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode} | |
2611 @cindex Replacing highlighted text | |
2612 @cindex Highlighing and replacing text | |
2613 | |
34741
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|
2614 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by |
25474 | 2615 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file: |
2616 | |
2617 @lisp | |
2618 (delete-selection-mode t) | |
2619 @end lisp | |
2620 | |
34741
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changeset
|
2621 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode} |
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|
2622 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET} |
25474 | 2623 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}): |
2624 | |
2625 @quotation | |
2626 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active. | |
2627 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point. | |
2628 @end quotation | |
2629 | |
2630 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by | |
2631 pressing @key{DEL}. | |
2632 | |
2633 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests | |
2634 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs? | |
2635 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files | |
2636 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing | |
2637 @cindex Microsoft files, editing | |
2638 @cindex Windows files, editing | |
2639 | |
2640 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is | |
34741
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|
2641 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system, |
25474 | 2642 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format. |
2643 | |
34741
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|
2644 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it |
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Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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|
2645 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh, |
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changeset
|
2646 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line; |
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|
2647 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the |
13240ff7920b
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|
2648 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line. |
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|
2649 |
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changeset
|
2650 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++} |
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changeset
|
2651 from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come with |
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changeset
|
2652 Emacs}). Among other things, @code{crypt++} transparently modifies |
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
2653 MS-DOS files as they are loaded and saved, allowing you to ignore the |
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changeset
|
2654 different conventions that Unix and MS-DOS have for delineating the end |
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|
2655 of a line. |
25474 | 2656 |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2657 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests |
25474 | 2658 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period? |
2659 @cindex One space following periods | |
2660 @cindex Single space following periods | |
2661 @cindex Periods, one space following | |
2662 | |
2663 @email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the | |
2664 following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file: | |
2665 | |
2666 @lisp | |
2667 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*") | |
2668 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil) | |
2669 @end lisp | |
2670 | |
35651
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2671 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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|
2672 @section Why do I get these strange escape sequences when I run |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
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changeset
|
2673 @code{ls} from the Shell mode? |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2674 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2675 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2676 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2677 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2678 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this: |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2679 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2680 @itemize @bullet |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2681 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2682 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2683 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2684 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2685 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2686 interactive sessions. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2687 |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2688 @item |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2689 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2690 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors. |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2691 @end itemize |
d991c8f6b85b
(Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35188
diff
changeset
|
2692 |
25474 | 2693 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ |
2694 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top | |
2695 @chapter Bugs and problems | |
2696 @cindex Bugs and problems | |
2697 | |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2698 The Emacs manual lists some common kinds of trouble users could get |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2699 into, see @ref{Lossage, , Dealing with Emacs Trouble, emacs, The GNU |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2700 Emacs Manual}, so you might look there if the problem you encounter |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2701 isn't described in this chapter. If you decide you've discovered a bug, |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2702 see @ref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2703 instructions how to do that. |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2704 |
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2705 The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various |
38770
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2706 known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms; |
4cbe0f799a15
(Bugs and problems): Fix wording.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38687
diff
changeset
|
2707 type @kbd{C-h P} to read it. |
38687
14401c0b4b44
(Bugs and problems): Mention the related sections of the Emacs manual, and
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37806
diff
changeset
|
2708 |
25474 | 2709 @menu |
2710 * Problems with very large files:: | |
2711 * ^M in the shell buffer:: | |
2712 * Shell process exits abnormally:: | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2713 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows:: |
25474 | 2714 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs:: |
2715 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode:: | |
2716 * Problems talking to certain hosts:: | |
2717 * Errors with init files:: | |
2718 * Emacs ignores X resources:: | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
2719 * Emacs ignores frame parameters:: |
25474 | 2720 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files:: |
2721 * Editing files with $ in the name:: | |
2722 * Shell mode loses the current directory:: | |
2723 * Security risks with Emacs:: | |
2724 * Dired claims that no file is on this line:: | |
2725 @end menu | |
2726 | |
2727 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems | |
2728 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes? | |
2729 @cindex Very large files, opening | |
2730 @cindex Large files, opening | |
2731 @cindex Opening very large files | |
2732 @cindex Maximum file size | |
2733 @cindex Files, maximum size | |
2734 | |
2735 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing | |
2736 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2737 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2738 can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2739 size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2740 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2741 If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2742 you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2743 suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2744 compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2745 sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes): |
25474 | 2746 |
2747 @example | |
2748 #define VALBITS 26 | |
2749 #define GCTYPEBITS 5 | |
2750 @end example | |
2751 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2752 @noindent |
25474 | 2753 This method may result in "ILLEGAL DATATYPE" and other random errors on |
2754 some machines. | |
2755 | |
2756 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this | |
2757 problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29 | |
2758 versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions. | |
2759 | |
2760 @quotation | |
2761 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed | |
2762 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any | |
2763 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2764 must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2765 is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2766 so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the |
25474 | 2767 top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So |
2768 integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C | |
2769 integers and pointers. | |
2770 @end quotation | |
2771 | |
2772 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems | |
2773 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer? | |
2774 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in | |
2775 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode} | |
2776 | |
2777 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to | |
2778 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options: | |
2779 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2780 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2781 file: |
25474 | 2782 |
2783 @example | |
2784 if ($?EMACS) then | |
2785 if ("$EMACS" == t) then | |
2786 if ($?tcsh) unset edit | |
2787 stty nl | |
2788 endif | |
2789 endif | |
2790 @end example | |
2791 | |
2792 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file: | |
2793 | |
2794 @example | |
2795 unset edit | |
2796 stty nl | |
2797 @end example | |
2798 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2799 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2800 @code{tcsh}. One way is: |
25474 | 2801 |
2802 @lisp | |
2803 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh") | |
2804 @end lisp | |
2805 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2806 @noindent |
25474 | 2807 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc}) |
2808 file: | |
2809 | |
2810 @example | |
2811 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh | |
2812 @end example | |
2813 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2814 @noindent |
25474 | 2815 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly |
2816 set for this to take effect.) | |
2817 | |
2818 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp | |
2819 with the following Lisp form, | |
2820 | |
2821 @lisp | |
2822 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh") | |
2823 @end lisp | |
2824 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2825 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2826 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2827 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2828 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2829 file: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2830 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2831 @smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2832 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2833 @end smalllisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2834 |
25474 | 2835 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell |
2836 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell | |
2837 start-up file: | |
2838 | |
2839 @example | |
2840 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z | |
2841 @end example | |
2842 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2843 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2844 @section Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"? |
2845 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode} | |
2846 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2847 @cindex Process shell exited |
25474 | 2848 |
2849 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program | |
2850 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture, | |
2851 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent | |
2852 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your | |
2853 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by | |
2854 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.) | |
2855 | |
2856 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path | |
2857 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't | |
2858 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general | |
2859 solution for working around the problem in this case. | |
2860 | |
2861 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital | |
2862 programs, so be careful when using it. | |
2863 | |
2864 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started | |
2865 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the | |
2866 xterm was later terminated. | |
2867 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2868 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2869 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2870 possible causes of this message. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2871 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2872 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2873 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}? |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2874 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2875 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2876 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2877 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2878 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2879 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2880 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2881 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2882 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2883 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2884 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe") |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2885 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2886 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2887 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2888 command; if that works, put the following line into your |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2889 @file{.emacs}: |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2890 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2891 @lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2892 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name) |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2893 @end lisp |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2894 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2895 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2896 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2897 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2898 the problems in those cases. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2899 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
2900 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 2901 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"? |
2902 @cindex Termcap | |
2903 @cindex Terminfo | |
2904 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo | |
2905 | |
2906 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in | |
2907 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in | |
2908 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an | |
2909 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a | |
2910 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}: | |
2911 | |
2912 @example | |
2913 emacs:tc=unknown: | |
2914 @end example | |
2915 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2916 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2917 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2918 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2919 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. |
25474 | 2920 |
2921 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen | |
2922 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that | |
2923 instead. | |
2924 | |
2925 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2926 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2927 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2928 @file{.cshrc} files: |
25474 | 2929 |
2930 @example | |
2931 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb | |
2932 @end example | |
2933 | |
2934 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
2935 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping? | |
2936 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode | |
2937 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into | |
2938 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason | |
2939 | |
2940 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is | |
2941 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving | |
2942 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s} | |
2943 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2944 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}. |
25474 | 2945 |
2946 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems | |
2947 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)? | |
2948 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to | |
2949 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version | |
2950 | |
2951 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of | |
2952 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2953 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2954 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2955 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}. |
25474 | 2956 |
2957 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C | |
2958 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library | |
2959 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the | |
2960 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in | |
2961 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V | |
2962 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works, | |
2963 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet). | |
2964 Other operating systems have similar problems. | |
2965 | |
2966 Try these options: | |
2967 | |
2968 @itemize @bullet | |
2969 | |
2970 @item | |
2971 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}. | |
2972 | |
2973 @item | |
2974 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}: | |
2975 | |
2976 @example | |
2977 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv | |
2978 @end example | |
2979 | |
2980 @item | |
2981 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more | |
2982 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink | |
2983 Emacs. | |
2984 | |
2985 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2986 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
2987 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch. |
25474 | 2988 |
2989 @end itemize | |
2990 | |
2991 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems | |
2992 @section Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"? | |
2993 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs} | |
2994 @cindex Error in init file | |
2995 @cindex Init file, errors in | |
2996 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in | |
2997 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file | |
2998 | |
2999 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3000 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3001 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3002 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3003 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3004 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3005 @ref{Debugging a customization file}. |
25474 | 3006 |
3007 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a | |
3008 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case | |
3009 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has | |
3010 begun}. | |
3011 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3012 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 3013 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)? |
3014 @cindex X resources being ignored | |
3015 @cindex Ignored X resources | |
3016 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults} | |
3017 | |
3018 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified | |
3019 by the following environment variables: | |
3020 | |
3021 @itemize @bullet | |
3022 | |
3023 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} | |
3024 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} | |
3025 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR} | |
3026 | |
3027 @end itemize | |
3028 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3029 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3030 Xt toolkit. |
25474 | 3031 |
3032 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list | |
3033 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list | |
3034 of directory names separated by colons. | |
3035 | |
3036 Emacs searches for X resources: | |
3037 | |
3038 @enumerate | |
3039 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3040 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3041 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3042 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3043 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3044 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable, |
25474 | 3045 |
3046 @itemize @minus | |
3047 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3048 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3049 or if that is unset, in the file named |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3050 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3051 the name of the machine Emacs is running on), |
25474 | 3052 |
3053 @end itemize | |
3054 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3055 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3056 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3057 by the server, |
25474 | 3058 |
3059 @itemize @minus | |
3060 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3061 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3062 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3063 if it exists, |
25474 | 3064 |
3065 @end itemize | |
3066 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3067 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3068 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}, |
25474 | 3069 |
3070 @itemize @minus | |
3071 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3072 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3073 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3074 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3075 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3076 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3077 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3078 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3079 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3080 is set), |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3081 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3082 or in @file{~/Emacs}, |
25474 | 3083 |
3084 @end itemize | |
3085 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3086 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3087 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}. |
25474 | 3088 |
3089 @end enumerate | |
3090 | |
36301
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3091 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3092 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work? |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3093 @cindex Frame parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3094 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3095 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3096 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3097 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3098 the parameters of all frames, change the variable |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3099 @code{default-frame-alist} instead. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3100 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3101 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3102 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3103 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3104 other frames by individually positioning each one of them. |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3105 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3106 |
3c4384777d5a
(Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35651
diff
changeset
|
3107 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems |
25474 | 3108 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file? |
3109 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time | |
3110 @cindex Delay when visiting files | |
3111 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit | |
3112 | |
3113 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3114 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has |
25474 | 3115 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it. |
3116 | |
3117 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug | |
3118 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This | |
3119 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work | |
3120 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with | |
3121 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined. | |
3122 | |
3123 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems | |
3124 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name? | |
3125 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3126 @cindex @samp{$} in file names |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3127 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3128 |
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3129 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand |
25474 | 3130 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress |
3131 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead. | |
3132 | |
3133 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems | |
3134 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory? | |
3135 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode} | |
3136 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory | |
3137 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode} | |
3138 | |
3139 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its | |
3140 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3141 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3142 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3143 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3144 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3145 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3146 to handle this problem. Check the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding a |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3147 package with particular functionality}). |
25474 | 3148 |
3149 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command | |
3150 @kbd{M-x dirs}. | |
3151 | |
3152 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems | |
3153 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs? | |
3154 @cindex Security with Emacs | |
3155 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security | |
3156 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security | |
3157 @cindex Synthetic X events and security | |
3158 @cindex X events and security | |
3159 | |
3160 @itemize @bullet | |
3161 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3162 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3163 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3164 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3165 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3166 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail} |
25474 | 3167 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your |
3168 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3169 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been |
25474 | 3170 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could |
3171 get root privileges. | |
3172 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3173 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will |
25474 | 3174 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However, |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3175 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which |
25474 | 3176 should eliminate this particular risk. |
3177 | |
3178 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took | |
3179 advantage of this configuration problem. | |
3180 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3181 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3182 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3183 change.) |
25474 | 3184 |
3185 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for | |
3186 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near | |
3187 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have | |
3188 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited. | |
3189 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this | |
3190 feature. | |
3191 | |
3192 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by | |
3193 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-nil value. | |
3194 | |
3195 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a | |
3196 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to | |
3197 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs | |
3198 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom | |
3199 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}. | |
3200 | |
3201 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}. | |
3202 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3203 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3204 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3205 better.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3206 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3207 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3208 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3209 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X |
25474 | 3210 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do |
3211 anything, including run other processes with your privileges. | |
3212 | |
3213 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open | |
3214 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real | |
3215 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3216 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using |
25474 | 3217 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior |
3218 authentication method; ask your system administrator. | |
3219 | |
3220 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by | |
3221 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X | |
3222 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by | |
3223 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but | |
3224 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}. | |
3225 | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3226 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3227 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to |
25474 | 3228 your X server, use |
3229 | |
3230 @example | |
3231 xhost + | |
3232 @end example | |
3233 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3234 @noindent |
25474 | 3235 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the |
3236 following message: | |
3237 | |
3238 @example | |
3239 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host | |
3240 @end example | |
3241 | |
3242 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly | |
3243 allowed by name), use | |
3244 | |
3245 @example | |
3246 xhost - | |
3247 @end example | |
3248 | |
3249 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message: | |
3250 | |
3251 @example | |
3252 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect | |
3253 @end example | |
3254 | |
3255 @end itemize | |
3256 | |
3257 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems | |
3258 @section Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something. | |
3259 @cindex Dired does not see a file | |
3260 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3261 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3262 @c check. |
25474 | 3263 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US |
3264 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3265 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that |
25474 | 3266 come out. |
3267 | |
3268 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3269 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3270 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3271 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems. |
25474 | 3272 |
3273 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3274 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3275 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information. |
25474 | 3276 |
3277 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by | |
3278 dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}. | |
3279 | |
3280 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3281 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top | |
3282 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3283 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3284 | |
3285 @menu | |
3286 * Installing Emacs:: | |
3287 * Updating Emacs:: | |
3288 * Problems building Emacs:: | |
3289 * Linking with -lX11 fails:: | |
3290 @end menu | |
3291 | |
3292 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3293 @section How do I install Emacs? | |
3294 @cindex Installing Emacs | |
3295 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on | |
3296 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs | |
3297 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs | |
3298 @cindex Building Emacs from source | |
3299 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from | |
3300 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs | |
3301 | |
3302 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of | |
3303 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning | |
3304 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3305 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems. |
25474 | 3306 |
3307 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it | |
3308 from scratch. You will need: | |
3309 | |
3310 @itemize @bullet | |
3311 | |
3312 @item | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3313 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites |
25474 | 3314 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3315 distribution site, sources are available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3316 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3317 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz} |
25474 | 3318 |
3319 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3320 instance, when Emacs 21.42 is released, it will most probably be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3321 available as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3322 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3323 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-21.42.tar.gz} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3324 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3325 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3326 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on |
25474 | 3327 @file{ftp.gnu.org}. |
3328 | |
3329 @item | |
3330 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via | |
3331 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile | |
3332 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have | |
3333 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress | |
3334 them with the command | |
3335 | |
3336 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3337 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3338 @end example |
3339 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3340 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3341 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3342 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3343 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory. |
25474 | 3344 |
3345 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3346 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3347 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files |
25474 | 3348 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3349 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the |
25474 | 3350 extraction command would look like |
3351 | |
3352 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3353 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar |
25474 | 3354 @end example |
3355 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3356 @noindent |
25474 | 3357 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile, |
3358 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3359 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3360 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3361 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of |
25474 | 3362 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by |
3363 using the command | |
3364 | |
3365 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3366 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz |
25474 | 3367 @end example |
3368 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3369 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3370 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3371 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3372 the tarfile's components. |
25474 | 3373 |
3374 @end itemize | |
3375 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3376 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3377 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3378 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3379 Window system support) with the following commands: |
25474 | 3380 |
3381 @example | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3382 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER} |
25474 | 3383 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system |
3384 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs | |
3385 @end example | |
3386 | |
3387 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3388 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't |
25474 | 3389 successful.) |
3390 | |
3391 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories: | |
3392 | |
3393 @table @file | |
3394 @item /usr/local/bin | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3395 binaries. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3396 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3397 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3398 Lisp code and support files. |
25474 | 3399 |
3400 @item /usr/local/info | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3401 Info documentation. |
25474 | 3402 @end table |
3403 | |
3404 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and | |
3405 type | |
3406 | |
3407 @example | |
3408 make install | |
3409 @end example | |
3410 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3411 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} |
25474 | 3412 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}. |
3413 | |
3414 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions) | |
3415 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}. | |
3416 | |
3417 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3418 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version? | |
3419 @cindex Updating Emacs | |
3420 | |
3421 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for | |
3422 installation. | |
3423 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3424 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3425 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3426 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}. |
25474 | 3427 |
3428 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs | |
3429 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these | |
3430 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble. | |
3431 | |
3432 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3433 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs? | |
3434 @cindex Problems building Emacs | |
3435 @cindex Errors when building Emacs | |
3436 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3437 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3438 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3439 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3440 installation and compilation problems. |
25474 | 3441 |
3442 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it, | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3443 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}. |
25474 | 3444 |
3445 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to | |
3446 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. | |
3447 | |
37806 | 3448 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3449 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3450 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}. |
25474 | 3451 |
3452 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs | |
3453 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail? | |
3454 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails | |
3455 @cindex lX11, linking fails with | |
3456 | |
3457 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library, | |
3458 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing. | |
3459 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3460 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the |
25474 | 3461 "OpenWindows Programmers" optional software category from the CD-ROM. |
3462 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3463 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3464 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3465 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3466 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.'' |
25474 | 3467 |
3468 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared | |
3469 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that | |
3470 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3471 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3472 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3473 @file{site.cf}: |
25474 | 3474 |
3475 @example | |
3476 #define ForceNormalLib YES | |
3477 @end example | |
3478 | |
3479 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3480 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3481 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3482 @cindex X Menus don't work |
25474 | 3483 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's |
3484 @file{liboldX.a}. | |
3485 | |
3486 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3487 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top | |
3488 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3489 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3490 | |
3491 @menu | |
3492 * Finding Emacs on the Internet:: | |
3493 * Finding a package with particular functionality:: | |
3494 * Packages that do not come with Emacs:: | |
3495 * Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive:: | |
3496 * Current GNU distributions:: | |
3497 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs:: | |
3498 * Emacs for MS-DOS:: | |
3499 * Emacs for Windows:: | |
3500 * Emacs for OS/2:: | |
3501 * Emacs for Atari ST:: | |
3502 * Emacs for the Amiga :: | |
3503 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP:: | |
3504 * Emacs for Apple computers:: | |
3505 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows:: | |
3506 * Modes for various languages:: | |
3507 * Translating names to IP addresses:: | |
3508 @end menu | |
3509 | |
3510 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3511 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)? | |
3512 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet | |
3513 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via | |
3514 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via | |
3515 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs | |
3516 @cindex Internet, retreiving from | |
3517 | |
3518 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for information | |
3519 on nearby archive sites and @file{etc/ORDERS} for mail orders. If you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3520 don't already have Emacs, see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how |
25474 | 3521 to get these files. |
3522 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3523 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3524 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of |
25474 | 3525 archive sites that make GNU software available. |
3526 | |
3527 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3528 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX? | |
3529 @cindex Package, finding | |
3530 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package | |
3531 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package | |
3532 | |
3533 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't | |
3534 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET} | |
3535 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the | |
3536 string @samp{wordstar}. | |
3537 | |
3538 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been | |
3539 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through | |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3540 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp |
36344
6c3540ec3c12
(Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
36301
diff
changeset
|
3541 source to most packages contains a short description of how they |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3542 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or |
25474 | 3543 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the |
3544 source code. | |
3545 | |
3546 If a package does not come with Emacs, check the Lisp Code Directory. | |
3547 The LCD was originally maintained by @email{brennan@@hal.com, Dave | |
3548 Brennan}, but was recently taken over by @email{toby@@world.std.com, | |
3549 toby knudsen}, who maintains @uref{http://www.emacs.org}. The LCD is | |
3550 currently being reorganized and updated, but you can meanwhile find many | |
3551 packages at @uref{ftp://ftp.emacs.org/pub}. | |
3552 | |
3553 For now, you can search through the LCD with @file{lispdir.el}, which is | |
3554 in the process of being updated. Download it from the LCD, in the | |
3555 @file{emacs-lisp-attic/misc} directory, and then evaluate the following | |
3556 Lisp form (@pxref{Evaluating Emacs Lisp code}): | |
3557 | |
3558 @lisp | |
3559 (setq lisp-code-directory | |
3560 "/anonymous@@ftp.emacs.org:pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/LCD-datafile.gz" | |
3561 elisp-archive-host "ftp.emacs.org" | |
3562 elisp-archive-directory "/pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/") | |
3563 @end lisp | |
3564 | |
3565 Once you have installed @file{lispdir.el}, you can use @kbd{M-x | |
3566 lisp-dir-apropos} to search the listing. For example, @kbd{M-x | |
3567 lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} ange-ftp @key{RET}} produces this output: | |
3568 | |
3569 @example | |
3570 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Directory Apropos --- "ange-ftp" | |
3571 "~/" refers to archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/elisp-archive/ | |
3572 | |
3573 ange-ftp (4.18) 15-Jul-1992 | |
3574 Andy Norman, <ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com> | |
3575 ~/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z | |
3576 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs | |
3577 auto-save (1.19) 01-May-1992 | |
3578 Sebastian Kremer, <sk@@thp.uni-koeln.de> | |
3579 ~/misc/auto-save.el.Z | |
3580 Safer autosaving with support for ange-ftp and /tmp | |
3581 ftp-quik (1.0) 28-Jul-1993 | |
3582 Terrence Brannon, <tb06@@pl122f.eecs.lehigh.edu> | |
3583 ~/modes/ftp-quik.el.Z | |
3584 Quik access to dired'ing of ange-ftp and normal paths | |
3585 @end example | |
3586 | |
3587 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3588 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs? | |
3589 @cindex Unbundled packages | |
3590 @cindex Finding other packages | |
3591 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs | |
3592 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs | |
3593 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, description of | |
3594 @cindex Archive, description of the Emacs Lisp | |
3595 | |
3596 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you | |
3597 are looking for (@pxref{Finding a package with particular | |
3598 functionality}). Next, check local archives and the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
3599 to find a copy of the relevant files. If you still haven't found it, | |
3600 you can send e-mail to the author asking for a copy. If you find Emacs | |
3601 Lisp code that doesn't appear in the LCD, please submit a copy to the | |
3602 LCD (@pxref{Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive}). | |
3603 | |
3604 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive at | |
3605 | |
3606 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/} | |
3607 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3608 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3609 or at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3610 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3611 @uref{http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/emacs-lisp} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3612 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3613 @noindent |
25474 | 3614 Retrieve and read the file @file{README} first. |
3615 | |
3616 @itemize @bullet | |
3617 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3618 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3619 The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual |
25474 | 3620 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you |
3621 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a | |
3622 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers. | |
3623 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3624 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3625 Any files with names ending in @file{.Z}, @file{.z}, or @file{.gz} are |
25474 | 3626 compressed, so you should use "binary" mode in FTP to retrieve them. |
3627 You should also use binary mode whenever you retrieve any files with | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3628 names ending in @file{.elc}. |
25474 | 3629 |
3630 @end itemize | |
3631 | |
3632 @node Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Current GNU distributions, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3633 @section How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive? | |
3634 @cindex Submitting code to the Emacs Lisp Archive | |
3635 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, submissions to | |
3636 @cindex Lisp Archive, submissions to | |
3637 @cindex Archive, submitting to the Emacs Lisp | |
3638 | |
3639 Guidelines and procedures for submission to the archive can be found in | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3640 the file @file{GUIDELINES} in the archive directory (@pxref{Packages that |
25474 | 3641 do not come with Emacs}). It covers documentation, copyrights, |
3642 packaging, submission, and the Lisp Code Directory Record. Anonymous | |
3643 FTP uploads are not permitted. Instead, all submissions are mailed to | |
3644 @email{elisp-archive@@cis.ohio-state.edu}. The @file{lispdir.el} | |
3645 package has a function named @code{submit-lcd-entry} which will help you | |
3646 with this. | |
3647 | |
3648 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3649 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff? | |
3650 @cindex Current GNU distributions | |
3651 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions | |
3652 @cindex Stuff, current GNU | |
3653 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff | |
3654 @cindex Finding current GNU software | |
3655 @cindex Official GNU software sites | |
3656 | |
3657 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at | |
3658 | |
3659 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu} | |
3660 | |
3661 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more | |
3662 information. | |
3663 | |
3664 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at | |
3665 | |
3666 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html} | |
3667 | |
3668 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3669 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid Emacs")? | |
3670 @cindex XEmacs | |
3671 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs | |
3672 @cindex Lucid Emacs | |
3673 @cindex Epoch | |
3674 | |
3675 First of all, they're both GNU Emacs. XEmacs is just as much a later | |
3676 version of GNU Emacs as the FSF-distributed version. This FAQ refers to | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3677 the latest version to be distributed by the FSF as ``Emacs,'' partly |
25474 | 3678 because the XEmacs maintainers now refer to their product using the |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3679 ``XEmacs'' name, and partly because there isn't any accurate way to |
25474 | 3680 differentiate between the two without getting mired in paragraphs of |
3681 legalese and history. | |
3682 | |
3683 XEmacs, which began life as Lucid Emacs, is based on an early version of | |
3684 Emacs 19 and Epoch, an X-aware version of Emacs 18. | |
3685 | |
3686 Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3687 base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities. |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
3688 XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X and MS-Windows, such as |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3689 putting arbitrary graphics in a buffer. Similar facilities have been |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3690 implemented for Emacs as part of a new redisplay implementation for |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3691 Emacs 21, and are available in the latest Emacs releases. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3692 Emacs and XEmacs each come with |
25474 | 3693 Lisp packages that are lacking in the other; RMS says that the FSF would |
3694 include more packages that come with XEmacs, but that the XEmacs | |
3695 maintainers don't always keep track of the authors of contributed code, | |
3696 which makes it impossible for the FSF to have certain legal papers | |
3697 signed. (Without these legal papers, the FSF will not distribute Lisp | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3698 packages with Emacs.) The two versions have some |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3699 significant differences at the Lisp programming level. |
25474 | 3700 |
3701 Many XEmacs features have found their way into recent versions of Emacs, | |
3702 and more features can be expected in the future, but there are still many | |
3703 differences between the two. | |
3704 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3705 The latest stable branch of XEmacs as of this writing is 21.1; you can |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3706 get it at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3707 |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3708 @uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/xemacs-21.1.14.tar.gz} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3709 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3710 More information about XEmacs, including a list of frequently asked |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3711 questions (FAQ), is available at |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3712 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3713 @uref{http://www.xemacs.org/} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3714 |
25474 | 3715 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3716 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS? | |
3717 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for | |
3718 @cindex DOS, Emacs for | |
3719 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS | |
3720 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS | |
3721 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS | |
3722 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3723 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3724 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3725 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3726 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3727 from |
25474 | 3728 |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3729 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/emacs.README} |
25474 | 3730 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3731 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the |
25474 | 3732 directory |
3733 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3734 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/} |
25474 | 3735 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3736 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3737 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3738 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to |
25474 | 3739 @email{eliz@@is.elta.co.il, Eli Zaretskii} and |
3740 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the | |
3741 following: | |
3742 | |
3743 @table @emph | |
3744 | |
3745 @item Compiler | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3746 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3747 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports |
36383
d26ad6e1f13f
Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36344
diff
changeset
|
3748 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K. |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3749 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3750 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of |
25474 | 3751 the files in |
3752 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3753 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2*} |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3754 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3755 @item Unpacking program |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3756 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x, |
25474 | 3757 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3758 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3759 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3760 number), from the URL mentioned above. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3761 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3762 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3763 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3764 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3765 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3766 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3767 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully! |
25474 | 3768 |
3769 @item make, mv, sed, and rm | |
3770 All of these utilities are available at | |
3771 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3772 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu} |
25474 | 3773 |
3774 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at | |
3775 | |
43960
397a4490dc38
Fix some URLs, the Copyright years, and the Emacs version.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
42674
diff
changeset
|
3776 @uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/gnuish} |
25474 | 3777 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3778 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3779 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3780 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3781 |
25474 | 3782 @end table |
3783 | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3784 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3785 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3786 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS. |
25474 | 3787 |
3788 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs | |
3789 look-alikes), consult the list of "Emacs implementations and literature," | |
3790 available at | |
3791 | |
3792 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} | |
3793 | |
3794 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often | |
3795 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
3796 | |
3797 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3798 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows | |
3799 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs | |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3800 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows |
25474 | 3801 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3802 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for |
25474 | 3803 |
3804 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by | |
3805 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at | |
3806 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3807 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html} |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3808 |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3809 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1. |
25474 | 3810 |
36977
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3811 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3812 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3813 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html} |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3814 |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3815 @noindent |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3816 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel}, |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3817 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3818 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port. |
cd1988377f17
(Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36842
diff
changeset
|
3819 |
25474 | 3820 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages |
3821 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2? | |
3822 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for | |
3823 | |
35061
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3824 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3825 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3826 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3827 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3828 @noindent |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3829 and also at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3830 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3831 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/} |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3832 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3833 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3834 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3835 |
55713e74f1aa
Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34922
diff
changeset
|
3836 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html} |
25474 | 3837 |
3838 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3839 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST? | |
3840 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for | |
3841 @cindex TOS, Emacs for | |
3842 | |
3843 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT | |
3844 is available at | |
3845 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}. | |
3846 | |
3847 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3848 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga? | |
3849 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for | |
3850 | |
3851 The files you need are available at | |
3852 | |
3853 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/} | |
3854 | |
3855 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a | |
3856 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at | |
3857 | |
3858 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha} | |
3859 | |
3860 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3861 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP? | |
3862 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for | |
3863 | |
3864 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors, | |
3865 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from | |
3866 | |
3867 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz} | |
3868 | |
3869 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3870 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer? | |
3871 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for | |
34741
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parents:
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|
3872 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for |
25474 | 3873 |
3874 An unofficial port of GNU Emacs 18.59 to the Macintosh is available at a | |
3875 number of ftp sites, the home being | |
3876 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/Emacs-1.17.sit.bin}. | |
3877 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3878 A port of Emacs 20.4 is available at |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3879 @uref{http://www.cs.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/index.html}. |
25474 | 3880 |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3881 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3882 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3883 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions. |
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
3884 |
25474 | 3885 Apple's forthcoming "OS X" is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep. |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
3886 @xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version. |
25474 | 3887 |
3888 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3889 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows? | |
3890 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for | |
3891 @cindex VMS, Emacs for | |
3892 | |
3893 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is | |
3894 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}. | |
3895 | |
3896 @node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
34741
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parents:
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|
3897 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk? |
25474 | 3898 @cindex Awk, mode for |
3899 @cindex @code{awk-mode} | |
3900 @cindex Bison, mode for | |
3901 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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|
3902 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for |
25474 | 3903 @cindex Java, mode for |
3904 @cindex Lex mode | |
3905 @cindex Objective-C, mode for | |
3906 @cindex @code{pascal-mode} | |
3907 @cindex Shell mode | |
3908 @cindex Yacc mode | |
3909 @cindex @file{csh} mode | |
3910 @cindex @code{sh-mode} | |
3911 @cindex @code{cc-mode} | |
3912 | |
3913 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution. | |
3914 To get additional modes, look in the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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|
3915 a package with particular functionality}). For C@t{++}, if you use |
25474 | 3916 @code{lisp-dir-apropos}, you must specify the pattern with something |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
3917 like @kbd{M-x lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} c\+\+ @key{RET}}.@footnote{ |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3918 The backslashes in @samp{\+\+} are required because @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
3919 lisp-dir-apropos} expects a regular expression as its argument |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
34151
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changeset
|
3920 (@pxref{Using regular expressions}), and @samp{+} has a special meaning |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
3921 in regular expressions.} |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3922 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3923 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and |
25474 | 3924 Java code. You can get the latest version from the Emacs Lisp Archive; |
3925 @pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs} for details. A FAQ for | |
3926 @code{cc-mode} is available at | |
3927 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode/}. | |
3928 | |
3929 @node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages | |
3930 @section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ? | |
3931 @cindex Translating names to IP addresses | |
3932 @cindex IP addresses from names | |
3933 @cindex Using BIND to translate addresses | |
3934 @cindex DNS and IP addresses | |
3935 | |
3936 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command, | |
3937 included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP | |
3938 address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup | |
3939 ftp.gnu.org}. | |
3940 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
3941 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine. |
25474 | 3942 |
3943 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
3944 files. You can get this information by e-mail: |
25474 | 3945 |
3946 @example | |
3947 To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr) | |
3948 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information | |
3949 and options - no quotes) | |
3950 @end example | |
3951 | |
34741
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|
3952 @noindent |
25474 | 3953 or: |
3954 | |
3955 @example | |
3956 To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu) | |
3957 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ | |
3958 @end example | |
3959 | |
3960 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
3961 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top | |
3962 @chapter Major packages and programs | |
3963 @cindex Major packages and programs | |
3964 | |
3965 @menu | |
3966 * VM:: | |
3967 * Supercite:: | |
3968 * Calc:: | |
3969 * VIPER:: | |
3970 * AUC-TeX:: | |
3971 * BBDB:: | |
3972 * Ispell:: | |
3973 * w3-mode:: | |
3974 * EDB:: | |
3975 * Mailcrypt:: | |
3976 * JDE:: | |
3977 * Patch:: | |
3978 @end menu | |
3979 | |
3980 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs | |
3981 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support | |
3982 @cindex VM | |
3983 @cindex Alternative mail software | |
3984 @cindex View Mail | |
3985 @cindex E-mail reader, VM | |
3986 | |
3987 @table @b | |
3988 | |
3989 @item Author | |
3990 @email{kyle@@uunet.uu.net, Kyle Jones} | |
3991 | |
3992 @item Latest version | |
3993 6.72 | |
3994 | |
3995 @item Distribution | |
3996 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz} | |
3997 | |
3998 @item Informational newsgroup/mailing list | |
3999 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@* | |
4000 Subscription requests to @email{info-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@* | |
4001 Submissions to @email{info-vm@@uunet.uu.net} | |
4002 | |
4003 @item Bug reports newsgroup/mailing list | |
4004 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@* | |
4005 Subscription requests to @email{bug-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@* | |
4006 Submissions to @email{bug-vm@@uunet.uu.net} | |
4007 @end table | |
4008 | |
4009 VM 6 works with Emacs 20.4, and may cause problems with Emacs 20.3 and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4010 below. (But note that many people seem to use Emacs 20.3 with VM 6, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4011 without any problems.) Risk-averse users might wish to try VM 5.97, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4012 available from @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP |
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
4013 site}. |
25474 | 4014 |
4015 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs | |
4016 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs | |
4017 @cindex Supercite | |
4018 @cindex Superyank | |
4019 @cindex Mail and news citations | |
4020 @cindex News and mail citations | |
4021 @cindex Citations in mail and news | |
4022 | |
4023 @table @b | |
4024 | |
4025 @item Author | |
4026 @email{bwarsaw@@cen.com, Barry Warsaw} | |
4027 | |
4028 @item Latest version | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4029 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs 20) |
25474 | 4030 |
4031 @item Distribution | |
4032 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz} | |
4033 | |
4034 @item Mailing list | |
4035 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@* | |
4036 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org} | |
4037 | |
4038 @end table | |
4039 | |
4040 Superyank is an old version of Supercite. | |
4041 | |
4042 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs | |
4043 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs | |
4044 @cindex Programmable calculator | |
4045 @cindex Calc | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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changeset
|
4046 @cindex Mathematical package |
25474 | 4047 |
4048 @table @b | |
4049 | |
4050 @item Author | |
4051 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie} | |
4052 | |
4053 @item Latest version | |
4054 2.02f | |
4055 | |
4056 @item Distribution | |
4057 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/calc-2.02f.tar.gz} | |
4058 | |
4059 @end table | |
4060 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4061 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4062 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4063 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4064 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4065 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4066 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4067 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4068 |
25474 | 4069 @node VIPER, AUC-TeX, Calc, Major packages and programs |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4070 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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changeset
|
4071 @cindex @code{vi} emulation |
25474 | 4072 @cindex VIPER |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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changeset
|
4073 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4074 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4075 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER |
25474 | 4076 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends |
34741
13240ff7920b
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4077 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4078 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4079 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways. |
25474 | 4080 |
4081 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally | |
4082 better than the one distributed with Emacs: | |
4083 | |
4084 @table @b | |
4085 @item Author | |
4086 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane} | |
4087 | |
4088 @item Latest version | |
4089 4.3 | |
4090 | |
4091 @item Distribution | |
4092 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z} | |
4093 | |
4094 @end table | |
4095 | |
4096 @node AUC-TeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs | |
4097 @section AUC TeX --- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities | |
4098 @cindex Mode for @TeX{} | |
4099 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
4100 @cindex AUC-TeX mode for editing @TeX{} | |
4101 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{} | |
4102 | |
4103 @table @b | |
4104 | |
4105 @item Authors | |
4106 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup} and@* | |
34741
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
4107 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} |
25474 | 4108 |
4109 @item Latest version | |
4110 9.9p | |
4111 | |
4112 @item Distribution | |
4113 @uref{ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz} | |
4114 | |
4115 @item Web site | |
4116 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/} | |
4117 | |
4118 @item Mailing list: | |
4119 Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-request@@iesd.auc.dk}@* | |
4120 Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@iesd.auc.dk}@* | |
4121 Development team is at @email{auc-tex_mgr@@iesd.auc.dk} | |
4122 | |
4123 @end table | |
4124 | |
4125 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUC-TeX, Major packages and programs | |
4126 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers | |
4127 @cindex BBDB | |
4128 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality | |
4129 @cindex Integrated contact database | |
4130 @cindex Contact database | |
4131 @cindex Big Brother Database | |
4132 @cindex Address book | |
4133 | |
4134 @table @b | |
4135 | |
4136 @item Maintainer | |
4137 @email{simmonmt@@acm.org, Matt Simmons} | |
4138 | |
4139 @item Latest version | |
4140 2.00 | |
4141 | |
4142 @item Distribution | |
4143 @uref{http://www.netcom.com/~simmonmt/bbdb/index.html} | |
4144 | |
4145 @item Mailing lists | |
4146 Subscription requests to @email{info-bbdb-request@@xemacs.org}@* | |
4147 Submissions to @email{info-bbdb@@xemacs.org}@* | |
4148 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@xemacs.org} | |
4149 | |
4150 @end table | |
4151 | |
4152 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs | |
4153 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs | |
4154 @cindex Spell-checker | |
4155 @cindex Checking spelling | |
4156 @cindex Ispell | |
4157 | |
4158 @table @b | |
4159 | |
4160 @item Author | |
4161 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning} | |
4162 | |
4163 @item Latest version | |
4164 3.1.20 | |
4165 | |
4166 @item Distribution | |
4167 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@* | |
4168 | |
4169 @item Web site | |
4170 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html} | |
4171 | |
4172 @end table | |
4173 | |
4174 @itemize @bullet | |
4175 | |
34741
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diff
changeset
|
4176 @item |
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
4177 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4178 have free e-mail. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4179 |
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
4180 @item |
13240ff7920b
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diff
changeset
|
4181 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is |
13240ff7920b
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changeset
|
4182 no longer a supported product. |
25474 | 4183 |
4184 @end itemize | |
4185 | |
4186 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs | |
4187 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs | |
4188 @cindex WWW browser | |
4189 @cindex Web browser | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff
changeset
|
4190 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs |
25474 | 4191 @cindex @code{w3-mode} |
4192 | |
4193 @table @b | |
4194 | |
4195 @item Author | |
4196 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry} | |
4197 | |
4198 @item Latest version | |
4199 4.0pre.39 | |
4200 | |
4201 @item Distribution | |
4202 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz} | |
4203 | |
4204 @item Mailing lists | |
4205 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4206 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@* | |
4207 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu} | |
4208 | |
4209 @end table | |
4210 | |
4211 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs | |
4212 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes | |
4213 @cindex EDB | |
4214 @cindex Database | |
4215 @cindex Forms mode | |
4216 | |
4217 @table @b | |
4218 @item Author | |
4219 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst} | |
4220 | |
4221 @item Latest version | |
4222 1.21 | |
4223 | |
4224 @item Distribution | |
4225 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb} | |
4226 | |
4227 @end table | |
4228 | |
4229 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs | |
4230 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news | |
4231 @cindex PGP | |
4232 @cindex GPG | |
4233 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news | |
4234 @cindex News, interface to PGP from | |
4235 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from | |
4236 @cindex Encryption software, interface to | |
4237 | |
4238 @table @b | |
4239 | |
4240 @item Authors | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4241 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4242 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi} |
25474 | 4243 |
4244 @item Maintainer | |
4245 @email{lbudney@@pobox.com, Len Budney} | |
4246 | |
4247 @item Latest version | |
4248 3.5.3 | |
4249 | |
4250 @item Distribution | |
4251 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.3.tar.gz} | |
4252 | |
4253 @item Web site | |
4254 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html} | |
4255 | |
4256 @end table | |
4257 | |
4258 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs | |
4259 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java | |
4260 @cindex Java development environment | |
4261 @cindex Integrated Java development environment | |
4262 @cindex JDE | |
4263 | |
4264 @table @b | |
4265 | |
4266 @item Author | |
4267 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan} | |
4268 | |
4269 @item Mailing list | |
4270 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk | |
4271 | |
4272 @item Latest version | |
4273 2.1.1 | |
4274 | |
4275 @item Web site | |
4276 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/} | |
4277 | |
4278 @end table | |
4279 | |
4280 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs | |
4281 @section Patch --- program to apply "diffs" for updating files | |
4282 @cindex Updating files with diffs | |
4283 @cindex Patching source files with diffs | |
4284 @cindex Diffs and patching | |
4285 @cindex @file{patch} | |
4286 | |
4287 @table @b | |
4288 | |
4289 @item Author | |
4290 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications) | |
4291 | |
4292 @item Latest version | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4293 2.5.4 |
25474 | 4294 |
4295 @item Distribution | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4296 @xref{Current GNU distributions}. |
25474 | 4297 |
4298 @end table | |
4299 | |
4300 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4301 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top | |
4302 @chapter Key bindings | |
4303 @cindex Key bindings | |
4304 | |
4305 @menu | |
4306 * Binding keys to commands:: | |
4307 * Invalid prefix characters:: | |
4308 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun:: | |
4309 * Using function keys under X:: | |
4310 * Working with function and arrow keys:: | |
4311 * X key translations for Emacs:: | |
4312 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control:: | |
4313 * Binding C-s and C-q:: | |
4314 * Backspace invokes help:: | |
4315 * stty and Backspace key:: | |
4316 * Swapping keys:: | |
4317 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard:: | |
4318 * No Meta key:: | |
4319 * No Escape key:: | |
4320 * Compose Character:: | |
4321 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys:: | |
4322 * Meta key does not work in xterm:: | |
4323 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta:: | |
4324 @end menu | |
4325 | |
4326 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings | |
4327 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands? | |
4328 @cindex Binding keys to commands | |
4329 @cindex Keys, binding to commands | |
4330 @cindex Commands, binding keys to | |
4331 | |
4332 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your | |
4333 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4334 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4335 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4336 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4337 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4338 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4339 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4340 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4341 To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4342 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately |
25474 | 4343 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed |
4344 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your | |
4345 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the | |
4346 command are required. For example, | |
4347 | |
4348 @lisp | |
4349 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)) | |
4350 @end lisp | |
4351 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4352 @noindent |
25474 | 4353 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is |
4354 local, the command is used in conjunction with the "add-hook" command. | |
4355 For example, in tex-mode, a local binding might be | |
4356 | |
4357 @lisp | |
4358 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4359 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4360 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help)))) |
25474 | 4361 @end lisp |
4362 | |
4363 | |
4364 @itemize @bullet | |
4365 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4366 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4367 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4368 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4369 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4370 to convert these into their vector or string forms. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4371 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4372 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4373 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already |
25474 | 4374 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4375 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound: |
25474 | 4376 |
4377 @lisp | |
4378 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or | |
4379 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) | |
4380 @end lisp | |
4381 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4382 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4383 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also |
25474 | 4384 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example: |
4385 | |
4386 @lisp | |
4387 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or | |
4388 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g") | |
4389 @end lisp | |
4390 | |
4391 @end itemize | |
4392 | |
4393 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings | |
4394 @section Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"? | |
4395 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid | |
4396 @cindex Invalid prefix characters | |
4397 @cindex Misspecified key sequences | |
4398 | |
4399 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control | |
4400 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f} | |
4401 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4402 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4403 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [} |
25474 | 4404 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either |
4405 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence: | |
4406 | |
4407 @lisp | |
4408 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or | |
4409 (global-unset-key "\e[") | |
4410 @end lisp | |
4411 | |
4412 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings | |
4413 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up? | |
4414 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs} | |
4415 | |
4416 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file | |
4417 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to | |
4418 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has | |
4419 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this | |
4420 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup). | |
4421 | |
4422 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4423 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4424 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4425 variable to this lambda function. For example, |
25474 | 4426 |
4427 @lisp | |
28344
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4428 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4429 (lambda () |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4430 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") "")) |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4431 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x: |
54fda0e8528a
Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
28127
diff
changeset
|
4432 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command)))) |
25474 | 4433 @end lisp |
4434 | |
4435 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the | |
4436 @file{lisp/startup.el} file. | |
4437 | |
4438 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings | |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4439 @section How do I use function keys under X? |
25474 | 4440 @cindex Function keys |
35188
94d46968a93f
Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
35061
diff
changeset
|
4441 @cindex X Window System and function keys |
25474 | 4442 @cindex Binding function keys |
4443 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4444 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details. |
25474 | 4445 |
4446 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings | |
4447 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit? | |
4448 @cindex Working with arrow keys | |
4449 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by | |
4450 @cindex Working with function keys | |
4451 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by | |
4452 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys | |
4453 | |
4454 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will | |
4455 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the | |
4456 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other | |
4457 keys as well. | |
4458 | |
4459 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4460 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs? |
25474 | 4461 @cindex X key translations |
4462 @cindex Key translations under X | |
4463 @cindex Translations for keys under X | |
4464 | |
4465 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4466 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations |
25474 | 4467 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!) |
4468 | |
4469 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4470 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The |
25474 | 4471 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the |
4472 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance, | |
4473 | |
4474 @lisp | |
4475 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t]) | |
4476 @end lisp | |
4477 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4478 @noindent |
25474 | 4479 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence. |
4480 | |
4481 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings | |
4482 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control? | |
4483 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with | |
4484 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control | |
4485 | |
4486 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4487 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4488 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4489 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4490 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4491 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4492 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}. |
25474 | 4493 |
4494 Possible solutions: | |
4495 | |
4496 @itemize @bullet | |
4497 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4498 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4499 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control. |
25474 | 4500 |
4501 You need to determine the cause of the flow control. | |
4502 | |
4503 @itemize @minus | |
4504 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4505 @item |
13240ff7920b
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4506 your terminal |
25474 | 4507 |
4508 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display | |
4509 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do | |
4510 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4511 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This |
25474 | 4512 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs. |
4513 | |
4514 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to | |
4515 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are | |
4516 logged in to or at some terminal server in between. | |
4517 | |
4518 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer | |
4519 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4520 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to |
25474 | 4521 include extra NUL padding characters. |
4522 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4523 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4524 a modem |
25474 | 4525 |
4526 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using | |
4527 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this. | |
4528 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4529 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4530 a router or terminal server |
25474 | 4531 |
4532 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using | |
4533 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other | |
4534 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local | |
4535 network experts for help with this. | |
4536 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4537 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4538 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4539 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4540 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4541 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4542 is not necessary. |
25474 | 4543 |
4544 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes: | |
4545 | |
4546 @quotation | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4547 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4548 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4549 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4550 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4551 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4552 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4553 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4554 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4555 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this. |
25474 | 4556 |
4557 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One | |
4558 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, | |
4559 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell. | |
4560 @end quotation | |
4561 | |
4562 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems. | |
4563 | |
4564 @end itemize | |
4565 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4566 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4567 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol. |
25474 | 4568 |
4569 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by | |
4570 evaluating the form | |
4571 | |
4572 @lisp | |
4573 (enable-flow-control) | |
4574 @end lisp | |
4575 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4576 @noindent |
25474 | 4577 to unconditionally enable flow control or |
4578 | |
4579 @lisp | |
4580 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19") | |
4581 @end lisp | |
4582 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4583 @noindent |
25474 | 4584 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to |
4585 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s} | |
4586 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to | |
4587 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and | |
4588 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}). | |
4589 | |
4590 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your | |
4591 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the | |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4592 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file. |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4593 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4594 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.) |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4595 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4596 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4597 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4598 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're |
25474 | 4599 smart enough to move it to another name). |
4600 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4601 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well: |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4602 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4603 |
25474 | 4604 @end itemize |
4605 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4606 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4607 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution). |
25474 | 4608 |
4609 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings | |
4610 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out? | |
4611 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} | |
4612 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding | |
4613 | |
4614 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4615 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4616 control}, for usage and implementation details. |
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4617 |
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4618 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4619 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4620 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4621 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why |
95a1e7b6d4cf
(Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37530
diff
changeset
|
4622 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used. |
25474 | 4623 |
4624 @itemize @bullet | |
4625 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4626 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4627 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by |
25474 | 4628 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs |
4629 actually behaves. | |
4630 | |
4631 @end itemize | |
4632 | |
4633 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings | |
4634 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help? | |
4635 @cindex Backspace key invokes help | |
4636 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace | |
39502
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4637 @cindex DEL key does not delete |
25474 | 4638 |
4639 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates ASCII code 8. | |
4640 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes | |
4641 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first | |
4642 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem | |
4643 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the | |
4644 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character. | |
4645 | |
4646 For many people this solution may be problematic: | |
4647 | |
4648 @itemize @bullet | |
4649 | |
4650 @item | |
4651 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the | |
4652 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command | |
4653 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix | |
4654 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}: | |
4655 | |
4656 @example | |
4657 stty erase `^?' | |
4658 @end example | |
4659 | |
4660 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4661 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the |
25474 | 4662 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4663 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4664 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like |
25474 | 4665 @key{Delete}. There are several methods. |
4666 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
4667 @itemize @minus |
25474 | 4668 @item |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4669 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) and terminal emulators (e.g., |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4670 TeraTerm) allow the character generated by the @key{Backspace} key to be |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4671 changed from a setup menu. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4672 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4673 @item |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4674 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable, or a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4675 terminal emulator that supports remapping of any key to any other key. |
25474 | 4676 |
4677 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4678 With Emacs 21.1 and later, you can control the effect of the |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4679 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys, on both dumb terminals and a |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4680 windowed displays, by customizing the option |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4681 @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode}, or by invoking @kbd{M-x |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4682 normal-erase-is-backspace}. See the documentation of these symbols |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4683 (@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) for more info. |
25474 | 4684 |
4685 @item | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4686 It is possible to swap the @key{Backspace} and @key{DEL} keys inside |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4687 Emacs: |
25474 | 4688 |
4689 @lisp | |
4690 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) | |
4691 @end lisp | |
4692 | |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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diff
changeset
|
4693 @noindent |
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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changeset
|
4694 This is the recommended method of forcing @key{Backspace} to act as |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4695 @key{DEL}, because it works even in modes which bind @key{DEL} to |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4696 something other than @code{delete-backward-char}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
4697 |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4698 Similarly, you could remap @key{DEL} to act as @kbd{C-d}, which by |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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diff
changeset
|
4699 default deletes forward: |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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changeset
|
4700 |
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4701 @lisp |
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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changeset
|
4702 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-d) |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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|
4703 @end lisp |
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changeset
|
4704 |
c41e104c3131
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changeset
|
4705 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details about @code{keyboard-translate}. |
25474 | 4706 |
4707 @item | |
4708 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h} | |
4709 instead: | |
4710 | |
4711 @lisp | |
4712 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char) | |
4713 | |
4714 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer | |
4715 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command) | |
4716 @end lisp | |
4717 | |
39502
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changeset
|
4718 @noindent |
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(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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changeset
|
4719 This method is not recommended, though: it only solves the problem for |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4720 those modes which bind @key{DEL} to @code{delete-backward-char}. Modes |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
4721 which bind @key{DEL} to something else, such as @code{view-mode}, will |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
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39304
diff
changeset
|
4722 not work as you expect when you press the @key{Backspace} key. For this |
42674 | 4723 reason, we recommend the @code{keyboard-translate} method, shown |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4724 above. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4725 |
25474 | 4726 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}. |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4727 @end itemize |
25474 | 4728 |
4729 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are | |
4730 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere. | |
4731 | |
4732 @end itemize | |
4733 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4734 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4735 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4736 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4737 |
39502
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4738 For more information about troubleshooting this problem, see @ref{DEL |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4739 Does Not Delete, , If @key{DEL} Fails to Delete, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4740 Manual}. |
c41e104c3131
(Backspace invokes help): Clarify that keyboard-translate is better
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39304
diff
changeset
|
4741 |
25474 | 4742 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings |
4743 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}? | |
4744 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs | |
4745 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty} | |
4746 @cindex Delete and @file{stty} | |
4747 | |
4748 Good question! | |
4749 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4750 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4751 @c probably worth putting that explanation here. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4752 |
25474 | 4753 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings |
4754 @section How do I swap two keys? | |
4755 @cindex Swapping keys | |
4756 @cindex Keys, swapping | |
4757 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate} | |
4758 | |
4759 In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the | |
4760 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} into | |
4761 @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use | |
4762 | |
4763 @lisp | |
4764 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL | |
4765 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'. | |
4766 @end lisp | |
4767 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4768 @noindent |
25474 | 4769 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is |
4770 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the | |
4771 keymaps. | |
4772 | |
4773 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps. | |
4774 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but | |
4775 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every | |
4776 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations | |
4777 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are | |
4778 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard | |
4779 translation. | |
4780 | |
4781 @inforef{Keyboard Translations, Keyboard Translations, emacs}. | |
4782 | |
4783 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings | |
4784 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard? | |
4785 @cindex Producing control characters | |
4786 @cindex Generating control characters | |
4787 @cindex Control characters, generating | |
4788 | |
4789 On terminals (but not under X), some common "aliases" are: | |
4790 | |
4791 @table @asis | |
4792 | |
4793 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} | |
4794 @kbd{C-@@} | |
4795 | |
4796 @item @kbd{C-6} | |
4797 @kbd{C-^} | |
4798 | |
4799 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--} | |
4800 @kbd{C-_} | |
4801 | |
4802 @item @kbd{C-4} | |
4803 @kbd{C-\} | |
4804 | |
4805 @item @kbd{C-5} | |
4806 @kbd{C-]} | |
4807 | |
4808 @item @kbd{C-/} | |
4809 @kbd{C-?} | |
4810 | |
4811 @end table | |
4812 | |
4813 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try | |
4814 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets | |
4815 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the | |
4816 name of the command. | |
4817 | |
4818 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings | |
4819 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key? | |
4820 @cindex No @key{Meta} key | |
4821 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it | |
4822 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4823 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4824 |
25474 | 4825 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact, |
4826 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway | |
4827 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4828 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4829 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}. |
25474 | 4830 |
4831 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings | |
4832 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key? | |
4833 @cindex No Escape key | |
4834 @cindex Lacking an Escape key | |
4835 @cindex Escape key, lacking | |
4836 | |
4837 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an | |
4838 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not | |
4839 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11} | |
4840 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it: | |
4841 | |
4842 @lisp | |
4843 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals. | |
4844 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e]) | |
4845 @end lisp | |
4846 | |
4847 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings | |
4848 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key? | |
4849 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta} | |
4850 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for | |
4851 | |
4852 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain | |
4853 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4854 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4855 command. |
25474 | 4856 |
4857 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings | |
4858 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key? | |
4859 @cindex Modifiers and function keys | |
4860 @cindex Function keys and modifiers | |
4861 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys | |
4862 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4863 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4864 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4865 example (from the on-line documentation): |
25474 | 4866 |
4867 @lisp | |
4868 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page) | |
4869 @end lisp | |
4870 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4871 @noindent |
25474 | 4872 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}. |
4873 | |
4874 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper}, | |
4875 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To | |
4876 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-}, | |
4877 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here | |
4878 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word: | |
4879 | |
4880 @lisp | |
4881 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word) | |
4882 @end lisp | |
4883 | |
4884 @itemize @bullet | |
4885 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4886 @item |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4887 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper}, |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4888 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4889 terminals. Non-ASCII keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
4890 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category. |
25474 | 4891 |
4892 @end itemize | |
4893 | |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
4894 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions. |
25474 | 4895 |
4896 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4897 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4898 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm} |
25474 | 4899 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key |
4900 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4901 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4902 Support, emacs}. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4903 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4904 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4905 asking for further help: |
25474 | 4906 |
4907 @itemize @bullet | |
4908 | |
4909 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4910 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager. |
25474 | 4911 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the |
4912 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?) | |
4913 | |
4914 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4915 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to |
25474 | 4916 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either |
37530
d4b1acaf82b0
Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
37447
diff
changeset
|
4917 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix |
39551
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4918 the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4919 @code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-ASCII character, put this in |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4920 your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file: |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4921 |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4922 @example |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4923 XTerm*eightBitInput: false |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4924 XTerm*eightBitOutput: true |
4e108e81543a
(Meta key does not work in xterm): Add .Xdefaults fragment for xterm
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39502
diff
changeset
|
4925 @end example |
25474 | 4926 |
4927 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4928 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4929 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4930 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4931 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it. |
25474 | 4932 |
4933 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4934 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4935 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits |
25474 | 4936 of every character. |
4937 | |
4938 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4939 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating |
25474 | 4940 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps. |
4941 | |
4942 @item | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4943 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when |
25474 | 4944 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it |
4945 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource | |
4946 specification will do this: | |
4947 | |
4948 @example | |
4949 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false | |
4950 @end example | |
4951 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4952 @noindent |
25474 | 4953 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.) |
4954 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4955 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation: |
25474 | 4956 |
4957 @example | |
4958 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \ | |
4959 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert() | |
4960 @end example | |
4961 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4962 @noindent |
25474 | 4963 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}. |
4964 | |
4965 @end itemize | |
4966 | |
4967 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings | |
4968 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x? | |
4969 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta} | |
4970 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4971 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key |
25474 | 4972 |
4973 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4974 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4975 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4976 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4977 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4978 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are: |
25474 | 4979 |
4980 @example | |
4981 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch' | |
4982 @end example | |
4983 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4984 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4985 @c solved? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
4986 |
25474 | 4987 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be |
4988 undesirable if you actually intend to use them. | |
4989 | |
4990 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
4991 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top | |
4992 @chapter Alternate character sets | |
4993 @cindex Alternate character sets | |
4994 | |
4995 @menu | |
4996 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters:: | |
4997 * Inputting eight-bit characters:: | |
4998 * Kanji and Chinese characters:: | |
4999 * Right-to-left alphabets:: | |
5000 @end menu | |
5001 | |
5002 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets | |
5003 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters? | |
5004 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters | |
5005 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying | |
5006 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5007 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
36842
654b53bab583
Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36515
diff
changeset
|
5008 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5009 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5010 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5011 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5012 non-ASCII characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5013 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5014 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5015 terminal coding system automatically. |
25474 | 5016 |
5017 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
5018 @section How do I input eight-bit characters? | |
5019 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters | |
5020 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5021 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters |
25474 | 5022 |
28127 | 5023 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5024 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5025 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input |
28127 | 5026 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}. |
25474 | 5027 |
5028 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5029 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets? |
25474 | 5030 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs |
5031 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs | |
5032 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs | |
5033 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs | |
5034 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5035 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5036 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5037 to find and download the latest version of Emacs. |
25474 | 5038 |
5039 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets | |
5040 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets? | |
5041 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets | |
5042 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs | |
5043 @cindex Semitic alphabets | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5044 @cindex Arabic alphabets |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5045 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5046 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5047 yet support right-to-left character entry and display. |
25474 | 5048 |
5049 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called | |
5050 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It | |
5051 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for | |
5052 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package. | |
5053 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5054 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package? |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5055 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5056 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support. |
36515
9df3f07f2643
Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36383
diff
changeset
|
5057 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux. |
25474 | 5058 |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5059 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew}; |
25474 | 5060 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files. |
5061 | |
5062 @c ------------------------------------------------------------ | |
5063 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top | |
5064 @chapter Mail and news | |
5065 @cindex Mail and news | |
5066 | |
5067 @menu | |
5068 * Changing the included text prefix:: | |
5069 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail:: | |
5070 * Expanding aliases when sending mail:: | |
5071 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one:: | |
5072 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder:: | |
5073 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail:: | |
5074 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them:: | |
5075 * Replying to the sender of a message:: | |
5076 * MIME with Emacs mail packages:: | |
5077 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader:: | |
5078 * Reading news with Emacs:: | |
5079 * Gnus does not work with NNTP:: | |
5080 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining:: | |
5081 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting:: | |
5082 * Starting Gnus faster:: | |
5083 * Catching up in all newsgroups:: | |
5084 * Killing based on nonstandard headers:: | |
5085 * Removing flashing messages:: | |
5086 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus:: | |
5087 * Gnus hangs for a long time:: | |
5088 * Learning more about Gnus:: | |
5089 @end menu | |
5090 | |
5091 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news | |
5092 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups? | |
5093 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing | |
5094 @cindex Included text prefix, changing | |
5095 @cindex Setting the included text character | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5096 @cindex Quoting in mail messages |
25474 | 5097 |
5098 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable | |
5099 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}. | |
5100 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}. | |
5101 | |
5102 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}. | |
5103 | |
5104 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to | |
5105 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an | |
5106 appropriate regexp. | |
5107 | |
5108 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news | |
5109 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail? | |
5110 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail | |
5111 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file | |
5112 @cindex Filing outgoing mail | |
5113 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail | |
5114 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically | |
5115 | |
5116 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the | |
5117 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by | |
5118 including an @samp{FCC} header. | |
5119 | |
5120 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to | |
5121 yourself by putting | |
5122 | |
5123 @lisp | |
5124 (setq mail-self-blind t) | |
5125 @end lisp | |
5126 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5127 @noindent |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5128 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5129 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs} |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5130 file: |
25474 | 5131 |
5132 @lisp | |
5133 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing")) | |
5134 @end lisp | |
5135 | |
5136 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly | |
5137 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}. | |
5138 | |
5139 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your | |
5140 components file. | |
5141 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5142 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc} |
25474 | 5143 file. |
5144 | |
5145 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news | |
5146 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail? | |
5147 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail | |
5148 @cindex Mail alias expansion | |
5149 @cindex Sending mail with aliases | |
5150 | |
5151 @itemize @bullet | |
5152 | |
5153 @item | |
5154 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer | |
5155 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses | |
5156 like this one: | |
5157 | |
5158 @example | |
5159 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com> | |
5160 @end example | |
5161 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5162 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5163 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx}) |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5164 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5165 @file{~/.mailrc} file. |
25474 | 5166 |
5167 @item | |
5168 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session, | |
5169 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5170 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to |
25474 | 5171 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}. |
5172 | |
5173 @item | |
5174 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you | |
5175 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following: | |
5176 | |
5177 @lisp | |
34922 | 5178 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup) |
25474 | 5179 @end lisp |
5180 | |
5181 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type | |
5182 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their | |
5183 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e} | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5184 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}). |
25474 | 5185 @end itemize |
5186 | |
5187 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news | |
5188 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message? | |
5189 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message | |
5190 | |
5191 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail | |
5192 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try | |
5193 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it | |
5194 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the | |
5195 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the | |
5196 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}. | |
5197 | |
5198 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news | |
5199 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder? | |
5200 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in | |
5201 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail | |
5202 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder | |
5203 | |
5204 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions | |
5205 and their key bindings. | |
5206 | |
5207 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news | |
5208 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}? | |
5209 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail} | |
5210 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail | |
5211 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5212 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5213 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files. |
25474 | 5214 |
5215 RMS writes: | |
5216 | |
5217 @quotation | |
5218 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files. | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5219 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5220 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5221 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5222 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5223 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}. |
25474 | 5224 @end quotation |
5225 | |
5226 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news | |
5227 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format? | |
5228 @cindex Recovering munged mail files | |
5229 @cindex Rmail munged my files | |
5230 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail | |
5231 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5232 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5233 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with |
25474 | 5234 @kbd{C-x k}). |
5235 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5236 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files |
25474 | 5237 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox |
5238 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each | |
5239 message. | |
5240 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5241 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5242 @cindex @code{unrmail} command |
25474 | 5243 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail |
5244 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the | |
5245 input and output file names. | |
5246 | |
39304
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5247 @pindex b2m |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5248 Alternatively, you could use the @code{b2m} program supplied with |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5249 Emacs. @code{b2m} is a filter, and is used like this: |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5250 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5251 @example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5252 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
5253 @end example |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5254 |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5255 @noindent |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
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diff
changeset
|
5256 where @var{babyl-file} is the name of the BABYL file, and |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5257 @var{mbox-file} is the name of the file where the converted mail will |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5258 be written. |
7be776e0f517
(Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them): Document b2m.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38770
diff
changeset
|
5259 |
25474 | 5260 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news |
5261 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients? | |
5262 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message | |
5263 @cindex Sender, replying only to | |
5264 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in | |
5265 | |
5266 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit | |
5267 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original | |
5268 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC} | |
5269 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}), | |
5270 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole | |
5271 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the | |
5272 best fix I've been able to come up with: | |
5273 | |
5274 @lisp | |
5275 (defun rmail-reply-t () | |
5276 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)" | |
5277 (interactive) | |
5278 (rmail-reply t)) | |
5279 | |
5280 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5281 (lambda () |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5282 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t) |
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5283 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply))) |
25474 | 5284 @end lisp |
5285 | |
5286 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news | |
5287 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME? | |
5288 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages | |
5289 @cindex Mail packages and MIME | |
5290 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs | |
5291 | |
5292 Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu, | |
5293 MacDonald Hall Jackson} at | |
5294 | |
5295 @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html} | |
5296 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5297 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5298 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5299 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3. |
25474 | 5300 |
5301 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news | |
5302 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader? | |
5303 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically | |
5304 @cindex News reader, starting automatically | |
5305 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically | |
5306 | |
5307 To start Emacs in Gnus: | |
5308 | |
5309 @example | |
5310 emacs -f gnus | |
5311 @end example | |
5312 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5313 @noindent |
25474 | 5314 in Rmail: |
5315 | |
5316 @example | |
5317 emacs -f rmail | |
5318 @end example | |
5319 | |
5320 A more convenient way to start with Gnus: | |
5321 | |
5322 @example | |
5323 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus' | |
5324 gnus | |
5325 @end example | |
5326 | |
5327 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader | |
5328 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5329 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for |
25474 | 5330 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to. |
5331 | |
5332 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news | |
5333 @section How do I read news under Emacs? | |
5334 @cindex Reading news under Emacs | |
5335 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs | |
5336 @cindex Gnus newsreader | |
5337 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5338 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5339 something}). |
25474 | 5340 |
5341 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news | |
5342 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP? | |
5343 @cindex Gnus and NNTP | |
5344 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with | |
5345 | |
5346 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests | |
5347 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one | |
5348 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version | |
5349 1.5.11 claims to fix this. | |
5350 | |
5351 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this: | |
5352 | |
5353 @lisp | |
5354 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1) | |
5355 @end lisp | |
5356 | |
5357 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by | |
5358 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5359 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5360 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out. |
25474 | 5361 |
25476
b776520fb36d
General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25474
diff
changeset
|
5362 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas. |
25474 | 5363 |
5364 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news | |
5365 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)? | |
5366 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles | |
5367 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining | |
5368 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles | |
5369 | |
5370 Underlining appears like this: | |
5371 | |
5372 @example | |
5373 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg | |
5374 @end example | |
5375 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5376 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following |
25474 | 5377 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5378 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus: |
25474 | 5379 |
5380 @lisp | |
5381 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike () | |
5382 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands. | |
5383 (save-excursion | |
5384 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer) | |
5385 (let ((buffer-read-only nil)) | |
5386 (goto-char (point-min)) | |
5387 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t) | |
5388 (let ((next (following-char)) | |
5389 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2)))) | |
5390 (cond ((eq next previous) | |
5391 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5392 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5393 'face 'bold)) | |
5394 ((eq next ?_) | |
5395 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point))) | |
5396 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point) | |
5397 'face 'underline)) | |
5398 ((eq previous ?_) | |
5399 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point)) | |
5400 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) | |
5401 'face 'underline)))))))) | |
5402 | |
5403 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike) | |
5404 @end lisp | |
5405 | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5406 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5407 |
25474 | 5408 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can |
5409 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this | |
5410 automatically via | |
5411 | |
5412 @lisp | |
5413 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook | |
34151
33df9c2e70bf
Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
30692
diff
changeset
|
5414 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max)))) |
25474 | 5415 @end lisp |
5416 | |
5417 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news | |
5418 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus? | |
5419 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving | |
5420 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus | |
5421 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in | |
5422 | |
5423 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer | |
5424 to see a list of available commands. | |
5425 | |
5426 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news | |
5427 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster? | |
5428 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus | |
5429 @cindex Starting Gnus faster | |
5430 @cindex Gnus, starting faster | |
5431 | |
5432 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}): | |
5433 | |
5434 @quotation | |
5435 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted | |
5436 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to | |
5437 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version | |
5438 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the | |
5439 following settings: | |
5440 | |
5441 @lisp | |
5442 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil | |
5443 gnus-read-active-file 'some | |
5444 gnus-nov-is-evil nil | |
5445 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server)) | |
5446 @end lisp | |
5447 @end quotation | |
5448 | |
5449 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news | |
5450 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus? | |
5451 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus | |
5452 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in | |
5453 | |
5454 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e} | |
5455 | |
5456 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point | |
5457 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer. | |
5458 | |
5459 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news | |
5460 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers? | |
5461 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers | |
5462 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on | |
5463 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on | |
5464 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on | |
5465 | |
5466 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5467 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields. |
25474 | 5468 |
5469 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the | |
5470 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article | |
5471 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group). | |
5472 | |
5473 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like | |
5474 this: | |
5475 | |
5476 @lisp | |
5477 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)") | |
5478 @end lisp | |
5479 | |
5480 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news | |
5481 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections? | |
5482 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing | |
5483 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages | |
5484 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus | |
5485 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in | |
5486 | |
5487 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}. | |
5488 | |
5489 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news | |
5490 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus? | |
5491 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus | |
5492 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up | |
5493 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow | |
5494 | |
5495 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with | |
5496 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}. | |
5497 | |
5498 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news | |
5499 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting? | |
5500 @cindex Hangs in Gnus | |
5501 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting | |
5502 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile | |
5503 | |
5504 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains: | |
5505 | |
5506 @quotation | |
5507 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5508 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5509 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful. |
25474 | 5510 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the |
5511 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a | |
34741
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5512 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5513 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5514 so it can file the article. |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5515 |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5516 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5517 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5518 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5519 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5520 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to |
13240ff7920b
Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34151
diff
changeset
|
5521 most folks as that update propagates around. |
25474 | 5522 @end quotation |
5523 | |
5524 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news | |
5525 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus? | |
5526 @cindex FAQ for Gnus | |
5527 @cindex Gnus FAQ | |
5528 @cindex Learning more about GNU | |
5529 | |
5530 Look for the Gnus FAQ, available at | |
5531 | |
5532 @uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/} | |
5533 | |
5534 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top | |
5535 @unnumbered Concept Index | |
5536 @printindex cp | |
5537 | |
5538 @contents | |
5539 @bye |