Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/display.texi @ 66134:b4d414f000c1
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 17 Oct 2005 02:35:03 +0000 |
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64174 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
6598 | 2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, |
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4 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6598 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/display | |
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7 @node Display, System Interface, Processes, Top |
6598 | 8 @chapter Emacs Display |
9 | |
10 This chapter describes a number of features related to the display | |
11 that Emacs presents to the user. | |
12 | |
13 @menu | |
14 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it. | |
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15 * Forcing Redisplay:: Forcing redisplay. |
6598 | 16 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines. |
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17 * The Echo Area:: Displaying messages at the bottom of the screen. |
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18 * Warnings:: Displaying warning messages for the user. |
12067 | 19 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text. |
20 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way). | |
6598 | 21 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically. |
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22 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer. |
25875 | 23 * Width:: How wide a character or string is on the screen. |
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24 * Line Height:: Controlling the height of lines. |
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25 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics style for text characters: |
25875 | 26 font, colors, etc. |
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27 * Fringes:: Controlling window fringes. |
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28 * Scroll Bars:: Controlling vertical scroll bars. |
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29 * Pointer Shape:: Controlling the mouse pointer shape. |
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30 * Display Property:: Enabling special display features. |
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31 * Images:: Displaying images in Emacs buffers. |
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32 * Buttons:: Adding clickable buttons to Emacs buffers. |
6598 | 33 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis. |
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34 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars. |
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35 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions. |
6598 | 36 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user. |
37 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used. | |
38 @end menu | |
39 | |
40 @node Refresh Screen | |
41 @section Refreshing the Screen | |
42 | |
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43 The function @code{redraw-frame} clears and redisplays the entire |
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44 contents of a given frame (@pxref{Frames}). This is useful if the |
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45 screen is corrupted. |
6598 | 46 |
47 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
48 @defun redraw-frame frame | |
49 This function clears and redisplays frame @var{frame}. | |
50 @end defun | |
51 | |
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52 Even more powerful is @code{redraw-display}: |
6598 | 53 |
54 @deffn Command redraw-display | |
55 This function clears and redisplays all visible frames. | |
56 @end deffn | |
57 | |
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58 This function calls for redisplay of certain windows, the next time |
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59 redisplay is done, but does not clear them first. |
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60 |
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61 @defun force-window-update &optional object |
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62 This function forces redisplay of some or all windows. If |
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63 @var{object} is a window, it forces redisplay of that window. If |
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64 @var{object} is a buffer or buffer name, it forces redisplay of all |
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65 windows displaying that buffer. If @var{object} is @code{nil} (or |
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66 omitted), it forces redisplay of all windows. |
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67 @end defun |
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68 |
12098 | 69 Processing user input takes absolute priority over redisplay. If you |
70 call these functions when input is available, they do nothing | |
71 immediately, but a full redisplay does happen eventually---after all the | |
72 input has been processed. | |
73 | |
6598 | 74 Normally, suspending and resuming Emacs also refreshes the screen. |
75 Some terminal emulators record separate contents for display-oriented | |
76 programs such as Emacs and for ordinary sequential display. If you are | |
77 using such a terminal, you might want to inhibit the redisplay on | |
9009 | 78 resumption. |
6598 | 79 |
80 @defvar no-redraw-on-reenter | |
81 @cindex suspend (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter}) | |
82 @cindex resume (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter}) | |
83 This variable controls whether Emacs redraws the entire screen after it | |
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84 has been suspended and resumed. Non-@code{nil} means there is no need |
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85 to redraw, @code{nil} means redrawing is needed. The default is @code{nil}. |
6598 | 86 @end defvar |
87 | |
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88 @node Forcing Redisplay |
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89 @section Forcing Redisplay |
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90 @cindex forcing redisplay |
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91 |
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92 Emacs redisplay normally stops if input arrives, and does not happen |
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93 at all if input is available before it starts. Most of the time, this |
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94 is exactly what you want. However, you can prevent preemption by |
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95 binding @code{redisplay-dont-pause} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
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96 |
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97 @tindex redisplay-dont-pause |
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98 @defvar redisplay-dont-pause |
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99 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, pending input does not |
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100 prevent or halt redisplay; redisplay occurs, and finishes, |
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101 regardless of whether input is available. |
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102 @end defvar |
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103 |
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104 You can request a display update, but only if no input is pending, |
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105 with @code{(sit-for 0)}. To force a display update even when input is |
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106 pending, do this: |
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107 |
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108 @example |
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109 (let ((redisplay-dont-pause t)) |
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110 (sit-for 0)) |
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111 @end example |
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112 |
6598 | 113 @node Truncation |
114 @section Truncation | |
115 @cindex line wrapping | |
116 @cindex continuation lines | |
117 @cindex @samp{$} in display | |
118 @cindex @samp{\} in display | |
119 | |
120 When a line of text extends beyond the right edge of a window, the | |
121 line can either be continued on the next screen line, or truncated to | |
122 one screen line. The additional screen lines used to display a long | |
123 text line are called @dfn{continuation} lines. Normally, a @samp{$} in | |
124 the rightmost column of the window indicates truncation; a @samp{\} on | |
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125 the rightmost column indicates a line that ``wraps'' onto the next line, |
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126 which is also called @dfn{continuing} the line. (The display table can |
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127 specify alternative indicators; see @ref{Display Tables}.) |
6598 | 128 |
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129 On a window system display, the @samp{$} and @samp{\} indicators are |
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130 replaced with arrow images displayed in the window fringes |
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131 (@pxref{Fringes}). |
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132 |
6598 | 133 Note that continuation is different from filling; continuation happens |
134 on the screen only, not in the buffer contents, and it breaks a line | |
135 precisely at the right margin, not at a word boundary. @xref{Filling}. | |
136 | |
137 @defopt truncate-lines | |
138 This buffer-local variable controls how Emacs displays lines that extend | |
139 beyond the right edge of the window. The default is @code{nil}, which | |
140 specifies continuation. If the value is non-@code{nil}, then these | |
141 lines are truncated. | |
142 | |
143 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is non-@code{nil}, | |
144 then truncation is always used for side-by-side windows (within one | |
145 frame) regardless of the value of @code{truncate-lines}. | |
146 @end defopt | |
147 | |
12098 | 148 @defopt default-truncate-lines |
6598 | 149 This variable is the default value for @code{truncate-lines}, for |
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150 buffers that do not have buffer-local values for it. |
12098 | 151 @end defopt |
6598 | 152 |
153 @defopt truncate-partial-width-windows | |
154 This variable controls display of lines that extend beyond the right | |
155 edge of the window, in side-by-side windows (@pxref{Splitting Windows}). | |
156 If it is non-@code{nil}, these lines are truncated; otherwise, | |
157 @code{truncate-lines} says what to do with them. | |
158 @end defopt | |
159 | |
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160 When horizontal scrolling (@pxref{Horizontal Scrolling}) is in use in |
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161 a window, that forces truncation. |
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162 |
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163 If your buffer contains @emph{very} long lines, and you use |
12067 | 164 continuation to display them, just thinking about them can make Emacs |
12098 | 165 redisplay slow. The column computation and indentation functions also |
166 become slow. Then you might find it advisable to set | |
167 @code{cache-long-line-scans} to @code{t}. | |
12067 | 168 |
169 @defvar cache-long-line-scans | |
170 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, various indentation and motion | |
12098 | 171 functions, and Emacs redisplay, cache the results of scanning the |
172 buffer, and consult the cache to avoid rescanning regions of the buffer | |
173 unless they are modified. | |
12067 | 174 |
12098 | 175 Turning on the cache slows down processing of short lines somewhat. |
12067 | 176 |
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177 This variable is automatically buffer-local in every buffer. |
12067 | 178 @end defvar |
179 | |
6598 | 180 @node The Echo Area |
181 @section The Echo Area | |
182 @cindex error display | |
183 @cindex echo area | |
184 | |
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185 The @dfn{echo area} is used for displaying error messages |
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186 (@pxref{Errors}), for messages made with the @code{message} primitive, |
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187 and for echoing keystrokes. It is not the same as the minibuffer, |
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188 despite the fact that the minibuffer appears (when active) in the same |
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189 place on the screen as the echo area. The @cite{GNU Emacs Manual} |
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190 specifies the rules for resolving conflicts between the echo area and |
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191 the minibuffer for use of that screen space (@pxref{Minibuffer,, The |
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192 Minibuffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). |
6598 | 193 |
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194 You can write output in the echo area by using the Lisp printing |
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195 functions with @code{t} as the stream (@pxref{Output Functions}), or |
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196 explicitly. |
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197 |
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198 @menu |
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199 * Displaying Messages:: Explicitly displaying text in the echo area. |
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200 * Progress:: Informing user about progress of a long operation. |
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201 * Logging Messages:: Echo area messages are logged for the user. |
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202 * Echo Area Customization:: Controlling the echo area. |
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203 @end menu |
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204 |
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205 @node Displaying Messages |
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206 @subsection Displaying Messages in the Echo Area |
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207 |
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208 This section describes the functions for explicitly producing echo |
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209 area messages. Many other Emacs features display messages there, too. |
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211 @defun message format-string &rest arguments |
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212 This function displays a message in the echo area. The argument |
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213 @var{format-string} is similar to a C language @code{printf} format |
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214 string. See @code{format} in @ref{Formatting Strings}, for the details |
6598 | 215 on the conversion specifications. @code{message} returns the |
216 constructed string. | |
217 | |
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218 In batch mode, @code{message} prints the message text on the standard |
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219 error stream, followed by a newline. |
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220 |
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221 If @var{format-string}, or strings among the @var{arguments}, have |
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222 @code{face} text properties, these affect the way the message is displayed. |
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223 |
6598 | 224 @c Emacs 19 feature |
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225 If @var{format-string} is @code{nil} or the empty string, |
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226 @code{message} clears the echo area; if the echo area has been |
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227 expanded automatically, this brings it back to its normal size. |
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228 If the minibuffer is active, this brings the minibuffer contents back |
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229 onto the screen immediately. |
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230 |
6598 | 231 @example |
232 @group | |
233 (message "Minibuffer depth is %d." | |
234 (minibuffer-depth)) | |
235 @print{} Minibuffer depth is 0. | |
236 @result{} "Minibuffer depth is 0." | |
237 @end group | |
238 | |
239 @group | |
240 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
241 Minibuffer depth is 0. | |
242 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
243 @end group | |
244 @end example | |
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245 |
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246 To automatically display a message in the echo area or in a pop-buffer, |
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247 depending on its size, use @code{display-message-or-buffer} (see below). |
6598 | 248 @end defun |
249 | |
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250 @tindex with-temp-message |
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251 @defmac with-temp-message message &rest body |
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252 This construct displays a message in the echo area temporarily, during |
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253 the execution of @var{body}. It displays @var{message}, executes |
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254 @var{body}, then returns the value of the last body form while restoring |
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255 the previous echo area contents. |
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256 @end defmac |
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257 |
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258 @defun message-or-box format-string &rest arguments |
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259 This function displays a message like @code{message}, but may display it |
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260 in a dialog box instead of the echo area. If this function is called in |
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261 a command that was invoked using the mouse---more precisely, if |
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262 @code{last-nonmenu-event} (@pxref{Command Loop Info}) is either |
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263 @code{nil} or a list---then it uses a dialog box or pop-up menu to |
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264 display the message. Otherwise, it uses the echo area. (This is the |
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265 same criterion that @code{y-or-n-p} uses to make a similar decision; see |
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266 @ref{Yes-or-No Queries}.) |
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267 |
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268 You can force use of the mouse or of the echo area by binding |
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269 @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable value around the call. |
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270 @end defun |
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271 |
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272 @defun message-box format-string &rest arguments |
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273 This function displays a message like @code{message}, but uses a dialog |
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274 box (or a pop-up menu) whenever that is possible. If it is impossible |
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275 to use a dialog box or pop-up menu, because the terminal does not |
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276 support them, then @code{message-box} uses the echo area, like |
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277 @code{message}. |
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278 @end defun |
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279 |
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280 @defun display-message-or-buffer message &optional buffer-name not-this-window frame |
32840 | 281 @tindex display-message-or-buffer |
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282 This function displays the message @var{message}, which may be either a |
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283 string or a buffer. If it is shorter than the maximum height of the |
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284 echo area, as defined by @code{max-mini-window-height}, it is displayed |
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285 in the echo area, using @code{message}. Otherwise, |
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286 @code{display-buffer} is used to show it in a pop-up buffer. |
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287 |
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288 Returns either the string shown in the echo area, or when a pop-up |
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289 buffer is used, the window used to display it. |
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290 |
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291 If @var{message} is a string, then the optional argument |
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292 @var{buffer-name} is the name of the buffer used to display it when a |
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293 pop-up buffer is used, defaulting to @samp{*Message*}. In the case |
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294 where @var{message} is a string and displayed in the echo area, it is |
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295 not specified whether the contents are inserted into the buffer anyway. |
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296 |
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297 The optional arguments @var{not-this-window} and @var{frame} are as for |
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298 @code{display-buffer}, and only used if a buffer is displayed. |
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299 @end defun |
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300 |
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301 @defun current-message |
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302 This function returns the message currently being displayed in the |
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303 echo area, or @code{nil} if there is none. |
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304 @end defun |
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305 |
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306 @node Progress |
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307 @subsection Reporting Operation Progress |
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308 @cindex progress reporting |
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309 |
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310 When an operation can take a while to finish, you should inform the |
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311 user about the progress it makes. This way the user can estimate |
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312 remaining time and clearly see that Emacs is busy working, not hung. |
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313 |
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314 Functions listed in this section provide simple and efficient way of |
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315 reporting operation progress. Here is a working example that does |
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316 nothing useful: |
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317 |
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318 @smallexample |
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319 (let ((progress-reporter |
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320 (make-progress-reporter "Collecting mana for Emacs..." |
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321 0 500))) |
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322 (dotimes (k 500) |
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323 (sit-for 0.01) |
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324 (progress-reporter-update progress-reporter k)) |
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325 (progress-reporter-done progress-reporter)) |
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326 @end smallexample |
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327 |
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328 @defun make-progress-reporter message min-value max-value &optional current-value min-change min-time |
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329 This function creates and returns a @dfn{progress reporter}---an |
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330 object you will use as an argument for all other functions listed |
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331 here. The idea is to precompute as much data as possible to make |
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332 progress reporting very fast. |
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333 |
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334 When this progress reporter is subsequently used, it will display |
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335 @var{message} in the echo area, followed by progress percentage. |
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336 @var{message} is treated as a simple string. If you need it to depend |
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337 on a filename, for instance, use @code{format} before calling this |
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338 function. |
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339 |
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340 @var{min-value} and @var{max-value} arguments stand for starting and |
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341 final states of your operation. For instance, if you scan a buffer, |
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342 they should be the results of @code{point-min} and @code{point-max} |
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343 correspondingly. It is required that @var{max-value} is greater than |
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344 @var{min-value}. If you create progress reporter when some part of |
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345 the operation has already been completed, then specify |
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346 @var{current-value} argument. But normally you should omit it or set |
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347 it to @code{nil}---it will default to @var{min-value} then. |
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348 |
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349 Remaining arguments control the rate of echo area updates. Progress |
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350 reporter will wait for at least @var{min-change} more percents of the |
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351 operation to be completed before printing next message. |
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352 @var{min-time} specifies the minimum time in seconds to pass between |
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353 successive prints. It can be fractional. Depending on Emacs and |
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354 system capabilities, progress reporter may or may not respect this |
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355 last argument or do it with varying precision. Default value for |
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356 @var{min-change} is 1 (one percent), for @var{min-time}---0.2 |
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357 (seconds.) |
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358 |
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359 This function calls @code{progress-reporter-update}, so the first |
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360 message is printed immediately. |
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361 @end defun |
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362 |
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363 @defun progress-reporter-update reporter value |
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364 This function does the main work of reporting progress of your |
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365 operation. It displays the message of @var{reporter}, followed by |
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366 progress percentage determined by @var{value}. If percentage is zero, |
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367 or close enough according to the @var{min-change} and @var{min-time} |
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368 arguments, then it is omitted from the output. |
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369 |
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370 @var{reporter} must be the result of a call to |
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371 @code{make-progress-reporter}. @var{value} specifies the current |
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372 state of your operation and must be between @var{min-value} and |
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373 @var{max-value} (inclusive) as passed to |
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374 @code{make-progress-reporter}. For instance, if you scan a buffer, |
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375 then @var{value} should be the result of a call to @code{point}. |
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376 |
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377 This function respects @var{min-change} and @var{min-time} as passed |
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378 to @code{make-progress-reporter} and so does not output new messages |
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379 on every invocation. It is thus very fast and normally you should not |
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380 try to reduce the number of calls to it: resulting overhead will most |
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381 likely negate your effort. |
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382 @end defun |
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383 |
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384 @defun progress-reporter-force-update reporter value &optional new-message |
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385 This function is similar to @code{progress-reporter-update} except |
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386 that it prints a message in the echo area unconditionally. |
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387 |
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388 The first two arguments have the same meaning as for |
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389 @code{progress-reporter-update}. Optional @var{new-message} allows |
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390 you to change the message of the @var{reporter}. Since this functions |
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391 always updates the echo area, such a change will be immediately |
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392 presented to the user. |
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393 @end defun |
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394 |
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395 @defun progress-reporter-done reporter |
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396 This function should be called when the operation is finished. It |
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397 prints the message of @var{reporter} followed by word ``done'' in the |
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398 echo area. |
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399 |
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400 You should always call this function and not hope for |
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401 @code{progress-reporter-update} to print ``100%.'' Firstly, it may |
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402 never print it, there are many good reasons for this not to happen. |
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403 Secondly, ``done'' is more explicit. |
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404 @end defun |
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405 |
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406 @defmac dotimes-with-progress-reporter (var count [result]) message body... |
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407 This is a convenience macro that works the same way as @code{dotimes} |
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408 does, but also reports loop progress using the functions described |
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409 above. It allows you to save some typing. |
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410 |
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411 You can rewrite the example in the beginning of this node using |
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412 this macro this way: |
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413 |
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414 @example |
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415 (dotimes-with-progress-reporter |
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416 (k 500) |
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417 "Collecting some mana for Emacs..." |
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418 (sit-for 0.01)) |
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419 @end example |
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420 @end defmac |
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421 |
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422 @node Logging Messages |
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423 @subsection Logging Messages in @samp{*Messages*} |
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424 @cindex logging echo-area messages |
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425 |
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426 Almost all the messages displayed in the echo area are also recorded |
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427 in the @samp{*Messages*} buffer so that the user can refer back to |
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428 them. This includes all the messages that are output with |
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429 @code{message}. |
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430 |
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431 @defopt message-log-max |
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432 This variable specifies how many lines to keep in the @samp{*Messages*} |
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433 buffer. The value @code{t} means there is no limit on how many lines to |
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434 keep. The value @code{nil} disables message logging entirely. Here's |
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435 how to display a message and prevent it from being logged: |
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436 |
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437 @example |
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438 (let (message-log-max) |
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439 (message @dots{})) |
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440 @end example |
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441 @end defopt |
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442 |
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443 To make @samp{*Messages*} more convenient for the user, the logging |
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444 facility combines successive identical messages. It also combines |
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445 successive related messages for the sake of two cases: question |
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446 followed by answer, and a series of progress messages. |
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447 |
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448 A ``question followed by an answer'' means two messages like the |
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449 ones produced by @code{y-or-n-p}: the first is @samp{@var{question}}, |
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450 and the second is @samp{@var{question}...@var{answer}}. The first |
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451 message conveys no additional information beyond what's in the second, |
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452 so logging the second message discards the first from the log. |
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453 |
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454 A ``series of progress messages'' means successive messages like |
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455 those produced by @code{make-progress-reporter}. They have the form |
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456 @samp{@var{base}...@var{how-far}}, where @var{base} is the same each |
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457 time, while @var{how-far} varies. Logging each message in the series |
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458 discards the previous one, provided they are consecutive. |
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459 |
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460 The functions @code{make-progress-reporter} and @code{y-or-n-p} |
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461 don't have to do anything special to activate the message log |
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462 combination feature. It operates whenever two consecutive messages |
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463 are logged that share a common prefix ending in @samp{...}. |
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464 |
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465 @node Echo Area Customization |
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466 @subsection Echo Area Customization |
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467 |
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468 These variables control details of how the echo area works. |
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469 |
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470 @defvar cursor-in-echo-area |
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471 This variable controls where the cursor appears when a message is |
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472 displayed in the echo area. If it is non-@code{nil}, then the cursor |
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473 appears at the end of the message. Otherwise, the cursor appears at |
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474 point---not in the echo area at all. |
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475 |
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476 The value is normally @code{nil}; Lisp programs bind it to @code{t} |
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477 for brief periods of time. |
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478 @end defvar |
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479 |
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480 @defvar echo-area-clear-hook |
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481 This normal hook is run whenever the echo area is cleared---either by |
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482 @code{(message nil)} or for any other reason. |
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483 @end defvar |
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484 |
12098 | 485 @defvar echo-keystrokes |
486 This variable determines how much time should elapse before command | |
27971 | 487 characters echo. Its value must be an integer or floating point number, |
488 which specifies the | |
12098 | 489 number of seconds to wait before echoing. If the user types a prefix |
490 key (such as @kbd{C-x}) and then delays this many seconds before | |
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491 continuing, the prefix key is echoed in the echo area. (Once echoing |
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492 begins in a key sequence, all subsequent characters in the same key |
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493 sequence are echoed immediately.) |
12098 | 494 |
495 If the value is zero, then command input is not echoed. | |
496 @end defvar | |
497 | |
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498 @defvar message-truncate-lines |
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499 Normally, displaying a long message resizes the echo area to display |
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500 the entire message. But if the variable @code{message-truncate-lines} |
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501 is non-@code{nil}, the echo area does not resize, and the message is |
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502 truncated to fit it, as in Emacs 20 and before. |
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503 @end defvar |
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504 |
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505 The variable @code{max-mini-window-height}, which specifies the |
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506 maximum height for resizing minibuffer windows, also applies to the |
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507 echo area (which is really a special use of the minibuffer window. |
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508 @xref{Minibuffer Misc}. |
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509 |
52141
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510 @node Warnings |
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511 @section Reporting Warnings |
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512 @cindex warnings |
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513 |
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514 @dfn{Warnings} are a facility for a program to inform the user of a |
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515 possible problem, but continue running. |
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516 |
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517 @menu |
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518 * Warning Basics:: Warnings concepts and functions to report them. |
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519 * Warning Variables:: Variables programs bind to customize their warnings. |
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520 * Warning Options:: Variables users set to control display of warnings. |
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521 @end menu |
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522 |
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523 @node Warning Basics |
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524 @subsection Warning Basics |
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525 @cindex severity level |
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526 |
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527 Every warning has a textual message, which explains the problem for |
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528 the user, and a @dfn{severity level} which is a symbol. Here are the |
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529 possible severity levels, in order of decreasing severity, and their |
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530 meanings: |
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531 |
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532 @table @code |
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533 @item :emergency |
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534 A problem that will seriously impair Emacs operation soon |
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535 if you do not attend to it promptly. |
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536 @item :error |
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537 A report of data or circumstances that are inherently wrong. |
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538 @item :warning |
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539 A report of data or circumstances that are not inherently wrong, but |
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540 raise suspicion of a possible problem. |
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541 @item :debug |
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542 A report of information that may be useful if you are debugging. |
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543 @end table |
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544 |
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545 When your program encounters invalid input data, it can either |
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546 signal a Lisp error by calling @code{error} or @code{signal} or report |
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547 a warning with severity @code{:error}. Signaling a Lisp error is the |
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548 easiest thing to do, but it means the program cannot continue |
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549 processing. If you want to take the trouble to implement a way to |
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550 continue processing despite the bad data, then reporting a warning of |
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551 severity @code{:error} is the right way to inform the user of the |
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552 problem. For instance, the Emacs Lisp byte compiler can report an |
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553 error that way and continue compiling other functions. (If the |
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554 program signals a Lisp error and then handles it with |
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555 @code{condition-case}, the user won't see the error message; it could |
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|
556 show the message to the user by reporting it as a warning.) |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
557 |
52156
198af82c7606
(Warning Basics): Fix typo.
John Paul Wallington <jpw@pobox.com>
parents:
52141
diff
changeset
|
558 @cindex warning type |
52141
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
559 Each warning has a @dfn{warning type} to classify it. The type is a |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
560 list of symbols. The first symbol should be the custom group that you |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
561 use for the program's user options. For example, byte compiler |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
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|
562 warnings use the warning type @code{(bytecomp)}. You can also |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
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|
563 subcategorize the warnings, if you wish, by using more symbols in the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
564 list. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
565 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
566 @defun display-warning type message &optional level buffer-name |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
567 This function reports a warning, using @var{message} as the message |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
568 and @var{type} as the warning type. @var{level} should be the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
569 severity level, with @code{:warning} being the default. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
570 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
571 @var{buffer-name}, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the name of the buffer |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
572 for logging the warning. By default, it is @samp{*Warnings*}. |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
573 @end defun |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
574 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
575 @defun lwarn type level message &rest args |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
576 This function reports a warning using the value of @code{(format |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
577 @var{message} @var{args}...)} as the message. In other respects it is |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
578 equivalent to @code{display-warning}. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
579 @end defun |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
580 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
581 @defun warn message &rest args |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
582 This function reports a warning using the value of @code{(format |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
583 @var{message} @var{args}...)} as the message, @code{(emacs)} as the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
584 type, and @code{:warning} as the severity level. It exists for |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
585 compatibility only; we recommend not using it, because you should |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
586 specify a specific warning type. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
587 @end defun |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
588 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
589 @node Warning Variables |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
590 @subsection Warning Variables |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
591 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
592 Programs can customize how their warnings appear by binding |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
593 the variables described in this section. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
594 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
595 @defvar warning-levels |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
596 This list defines the meaning and severity order of the warning |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
597 severity levels. Each element defines one severity level, |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
598 and they are arranged in order of decreasing severity. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
599 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
600 Each element has the form @code{(@var{level} @var{string} |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
601 @var{function})}, where @var{level} is the severity level it defines. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
602 @var{string} specifies the textual description of this level. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
603 @var{string} should use @samp{%s} to specify where to put the warning |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
604 type information, or it can omit the @samp{%s} so as not to include |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
605 that information. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
606 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
607 The optional @var{function}, if non-@code{nil}, is a function to call |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
608 with no arguments, to get the user's attention. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
609 |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
610 Normally you should not change the value of this variable. |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
611 @end defvar |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
612 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
613 @defvar warning-prefix-function |
54023 | 614 If non-@code{nil}, the value is a function to generate prefix text for |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
615 warnings. Programs can bind the variable to a suitable function. |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
616 @code{display-warning} calls this function with the warnings buffer |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
617 current, and the function can insert text in it. That text becomes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
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|
618 the beginning of the warning message. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
619 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
620 The function is called with two arguments, the severity level and its |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
621 entry in @code{warning-levels}. It should return a list to use as the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
622 entry (this value need not be an actual member of |
54023 | 623 @code{warning-levels}). By constructing this value, the function can |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
624 change the severity of the warning, or specify different handling for |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
625 a given severity level. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
626 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
627 If the variable's value is @code{nil} then there is no function |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
628 to call. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
629 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
630 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
631 @defvar warning-series |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
632 Programs can bind this variable to @code{t} to say that the next |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
633 warning should begin a series. When several warnings form a series, |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
634 that means to leave point on the first warning of the series, rather |
54023 | 635 than keep moving it for each warning so that it appears on the last one. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
636 The series ends when the local binding is unbound and |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
637 @code{warning-series} becomes @code{nil} again. |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
638 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
639 The value can also be a symbol with a function definition. That is |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
640 equivalent to @code{t}, except that the next warning will also call |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
641 the function with no arguments with the warnings buffer current. The |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
642 function can insert text which will serve as a header for the series |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
643 of warnings. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
644 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
645 Once a series has begun, the value is a marker which points to the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
646 buffer position in the warnings buffer of the start of the series. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
647 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
648 The variable's normal value is @code{nil}, which means to handle |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
649 each warning separately. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
650 @end defvar |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
651 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
652 @defvar warning-fill-prefix |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
653 When this variable is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a fill prefix to |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
654 use for filling each warning's text. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
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|
655 @end defvar |
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(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
656 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
657 @defvar warning-type-format |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
658 This variable specifies the format for displaying the warning type |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
659 in the warning message. The result of formatting the type this way |
a5d4d0a7b284
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
660 gets included in the message under the control of the string in the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
661 entry in @code{warning-levels}. The default value is @code{" (%s)"}. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
662 If you bind it to @code{""} then the warning type won't appear at |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
663 all. |
a5d4d0a7b284
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
664 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
665 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
666 @node Warning Options |
a5d4d0a7b284
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
667 @subsection Warning Options |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
668 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
669 These variables are used by users to control what happens |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
670 when a Lisp program reports a warning. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
671 |
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|
672 @defopt warning-minimum-level |
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|
673 This user option specifies the minimum severity level that should be |
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|
674 shown immediately to the user. The default is @code{:warning}, which |
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|
675 means to immediately display all warnings except @code{:debug} |
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|
676 warnings. |
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|
677 @end defopt |
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|
678 |
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|
679 @defopt warning-minimum-log-level |
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|
680 This user option specifies the minimum severity level that should be |
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|
681 logged in the warnings buffer. The default is @code{:warning}, which |
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|
682 means to log all warnings except @code{:debug} warnings. |
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|
683 @end defopt |
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|
684 |
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|
685 @defopt warning-suppress-types |
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parents:
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|
686 This list specifies which warning types should not be displayed |
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|
687 immediately for the user. Each element of the list should be a list |
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|
688 of symbols. If its elements match the first elements in a warning |
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parents:
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|
689 type, then that warning is not displayed immediately. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
690 @end defopt |
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|
691 |
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|
692 @defopt warning-suppress-log-types |
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|
693 This list specifies which warning types should not be logged in the |
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|
694 warnings buffer. Each element of the list should be a list of |
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|
695 symbols. If it matches the first few elements in a warning type, then |
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696 that warning is not logged. |
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|
697 @end defopt |
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|
698 |
12067 | 699 @node Invisible Text |
700 @section Invisible Text | |
701 | |
702 @cindex invisible text | |
703 You can make characters @dfn{invisible}, so that they do not appear on | |
704 the screen, with the @code{invisible} property. This can be either a | |
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705 text property (@pxref{Text Properties}) or a property of an overlay |
60503
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(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
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|
706 (@pxref{Overlays}). Cursor motion also partly ignores these |
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(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
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|
707 characters; if the command loop finds point within them, it moves |
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|
708 point to the other side of them. |
12067 | 709 |
710 In the simplest case, any non-@code{nil} @code{invisible} property makes | |
711 a character invisible. This is the default case---if you don't alter | |
712 the default value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}, this is how the | |
48948
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parents:
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|
713 @code{invisible} property works. You should normally use @code{t} |
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Explain about conventioal use of t as `invisible' property
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
714 as the value of the @code{invisible} property if you don't plan |
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Explain about conventioal use of t as `invisible' property
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
715 to set @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} yourself. |
12067 | 716 |
717 More generally, you can use the variable @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} | |
718 to control which values of the @code{invisible} property make text | |
719 invisible. This permits you to classify the text into different subsets | |
720 in advance, by giving them different @code{invisible} values, and | |
721 subsequently make various subsets visible or invisible by changing the | |
722 value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}. | |
723 | |
724 Controlling visibility with @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is | |
25875 | 725 especially useful in a program to display the list of entries in a |
726 database. It permits the implementation of convenient filtering | |
727 commands to view just a part of the entries in the database. Setting | |
728 this variable is very fast, much faster than scanning all the text in | |
729 the buffer looking for properties to change. | |
12067 | 730 |
731 @defvar buffer-invisibility-spec | |
732 This variable specifies which kinds of @code{invisible} properties | |
56233
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(Invisible Text): Setting buffer-invisibility-spec makes it buffer-local.
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|
733 actually make a character invisible. Setting this variable makes it |
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(Invisible Text): Setting buffer-invisibility-spec makes it buffer-local.
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|
734 buffer-local. |
12067 | 735 |
736 @table @asis | |
737 @item @code{t} | |
738 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property is | |
739 non-@code{nil}. This is the default. | |
740 | |
741 @item a list | |
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742 Each element of the list specifies a criterion for invisibility; if a |
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743 character's @code{invisible} property fits any one of these criteria, |
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744 the character is invisible. The list can have two kinds of elements: |
12067 | 745 |
746 @table @code | |
747 @item @var{atom} | |
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748 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value |
12067 | 749 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member. |
750 | |
751 @item (@var{atom} . t) | |
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752 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value |
12067 | 753 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member. |
754 Moreover, if this character is at the end of a line and is followed | |
755 by a visible newline, it displays an ellipsis. | |
756 @end table | |
757 @end table | |
758 @end defvar | |
759 | |
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760 Two functions are specifically provided for adding elements to |
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761 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and removing elements from it. |
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762 |
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763 @defun add-to-invisibility-spec element |
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|
764 This function adds the element @var{element} to |
61972
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(Invisible Text): Correct add-to-invisibility-spec.
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changeset
|
765 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}. If @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} |
874393fa8818
(Invisible Text): Correct add-to-invisibility-spec.
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parents:
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|
766 was @code{t}, it changes to a list, @code{(t)}, so that text whose |
874393fa8818
(Invisible Text): Correct add-to-invisibility-spec.
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|
767 @code{invisible} property is @code{t} remains invisible. |
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768 @end defun |
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769 |
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|
770 @defun remove-from-invisibility-spec element |
54023 | 771 This removes the element @var{element} from |
48948
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Explain about conventioal use of t as `invisible' property
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|
772 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}. This does nothing if @var{element} |
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Explain about conventioal use of t as `invisible' property
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|
773 is not in the list. |
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774 @end defun |
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775 |
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parents:
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|
776 A convention for use of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is that a |
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Explain about conventioal use of t as `invisible' property
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parents:
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|
777 major mode should use the mode's own name as an element of |
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Explain about conventioal use of t as `invisible' property
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parents:
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|
778 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and as the value of the |
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Explain about conventioal use of t as `invisible' property
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parents:
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|
779 @code{invisible} property: |
21007
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780 |
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781 @example |
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782 ;; @r{If you want to display an ellipsis:} |
49600
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|
783 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) |
21682
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784 ;; @r{If you don't want ellipsis:} |
49600
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|
785 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) |
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786 |
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787 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end) |
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788 'invisible 'my-symbol) |
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789 |
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790 ;; @r{When done with the overlays:} |
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791 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) |
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792 ;; @r{Or respectively:} |
21007
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793 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) |
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794 @end example |
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795 |
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|
796 @vindex line-move-ignore-invisible |
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797 Ordinarily, functions that operate on text or move point do not care |
15761
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798 whether the text is invisible. The user-level line motion commands |
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|
799 explicitly ignore invisible newlines if |
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800 @code{line-move-ignore-invisible} is non-@code{nil} (the default), but |
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(Invisible Text): State default value of line-move-ignore-invisible.
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|
801 only because they are explicitly programmed to do so. |
12098 | 802 |
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|
803 However, if a command ends with point inside or immediately after |
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|
804 invisible text, the main editing loop moves point further forward or |
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|
805 further backward (in the same direction that the command already moved |
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|
806 it) until that condition is no longer true. Thus, if the command |
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changeset
|
807 moved point back into an invisible range, Emacs moves point back to |
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|
808 the beginning of that range, following the previous visible character. |
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809 If the command moved point forward into an invisible range, Emacs |
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810 moves point forward past the first visible character that follows the |
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|
811 invisible text. |
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|
812 |
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813 Incremental search can make invisible overlays visible temporarily |
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814 and/or permanently when a match includes invisible text. To enable |
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815 this, the overlay should have a non-@code{nil} |
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816 @code{isearch-open-invisible} property. The property value should be a |
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817 function to be called with the overlay as an argument. This function |
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818 should make the overlay visible permanently; it is used when the match |
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819 overlaps the overlay on exit from the search. |
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820 |
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821 During the search, such overlays are made temporarily visible by |
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|
822 temporarily modifying their invisible and intangible properties. If you |
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823 want this to be done differently for a certain overlay, give it an |
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824 @code{isearch-open-invisible-temporary} property which is a function. |
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825 The function is called with two arguments: the first is the overlay, and |
26986 | 826 the second is @code{nil} to make the overlay visible, or @code{t} to |
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827 make it invisible again. |
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828 |
6598 | 829 @node Selective Display |
830 @section Selective Display | |
831 @cindex selective display | |
832 | |
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833 @dfn{Selective display} refers to a pair of related features for |
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834 hiding certain lines on the screen. |
6598 | 835 |
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836 The first variant, explicit selective display, is designed for use |
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837 in a Lisp program: it controls which lines are hidden by altering the |
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838 text. This kind of hiding in some ways resembles the effect of the |
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839 @code{invisible} property (@pxref{Invisible Text}), but the two |
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840 features are different and do not work the same way. |
12067 | 841 |
842 In the second variant, the choice of lines to hide is made | |
12098 | 843 automatically based on indentation. This variant is designed to be a |
12067 | 844 user-level feature. |
6598 | 845 |
846 The way you control explicit selective display is by replacing a | |
9009 | 847 newline (control-j) with a carriage return (control-m). The text that |
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848 was formerly a line following that newline is now hidden. Strictly |
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849 speaking, it is temporarily no longer a line at all, since only |
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850 newlines can separate lines; it is now part of the previous line. |
6598 | 851 |
852 Selective display does not directly affect editing commands. For | |
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853 example, @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}) moves point unhesitatingly |
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854 into hidden text. However, the replacement of newline characters with |
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855 carriage return characters affects some editing commands. For |
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856 example, @code{next-line} skips hidden lines, since it searches only |
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857 for newlines. Modes that use selective display can also define |
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858 commands that take account of the newlines, or that control which |
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859 parts of the text are hidden. |
6598 | 860 |
861 When you write a selectively displayed buffer into a file, all the | |
862 control-m's are output as newlines. This means that when you next read | |
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863 in the file, it looks OK, with nothing hidden. The selective display |
6598 | 864 effect is seen only within Emacs. |
865 | |
866 @defvar selective-display | |
867 This buffer-local variable enables selective display. This means that | |
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868 lines, or portions of lines, may be made hidden. |
6598 | 869 |
870 @itemize @bullet | |
871 @item | |
25875 | 872 If the value of @code{selective-display} is @code{t}, then the character |
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873 control-m marks the start of hidden text; the control-m, and the rest |
25875 | 874 of the line following it, are not displayed. This is explicit selective |
875 display. | |
6598 | 876 |
877 @item | |
878 If the value of @code{selective-display} is a positive integer, then | |
879 lines that start with more than that many columns of indentation are not | |
880 displayed. | |
881 @end itemize | |
882 | |
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883 When some portion of a buffer is hidden, the vertical movement |
6598 | 884 commands operate as if that portion did not exist, allowing a single |
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885 @code{next-line} command to skip any number of hidden lines. |
6598 | 886 However, character movement commands (such as @code{forward-char}) do |
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887 not skip the hidden portion, and it is possible (if tricky) to insert |
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888 or delete text in an hidden portion. |
6598 | 889 |
890 In the examples below, we show the @emph{display appearance} of the | |
891 buffer @code{foo}, which changes with the value of | |
892 @code{selective-display}. The @emph{contents} of the buffer do not | |
893 change. | |
894 | |
895 @example | |
896 @group | |
897 (setq selective-display nil) | |
898 @result{} nil | |
899 | |
900 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
901 1 on this column | |
902 2on this column | |
903 3n this column | |
904 3n this column | |
905 2on this column | |
906 1 on this column | |
907 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
908 @end group | |
909 | |
910 @group | |
911 (setq selective-display 2) | |
912 @result{} 2 | |
913 | |
914 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
915 1 on this column | |
916 2on this column | |
917 2on this column | |
918 1 on this column | |
919 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
920 @end group | |
921 @end example | |
922 @end defvar | |
923 | |
924 @defvar selective-display-ellipses | |
925 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays | |
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926 @samp{@dots{}} at the end of a line that is followed by hidden text. |
6598 | 927 This example is a continuation of the previous one. |
928 | |
929 @example | |
930 @group | |
931 (setq selective-display-ellipses t) | |
932 @result{} t | |
933 | |
934 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
935 1 on this column | |
936 2on this column ... | |
937 2on this column | |
938 1 on this column | |
939 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
940 @end group | |
941 @end example | |
942 | |
943 You can use a display table to substitute other text for the ellipsis | |
944 (@samp{@dots{}}). @xref{Display Tables}. | |
945 @end defvar | |
946 | |
947 @node Temporary Displays | |
948 @section Temporary Displays | |
949 | |
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950 Temporary displays are used by Lisp programs to put output into a |
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951 buffer and then present it to the user for perusal rather than for |
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952 editing. Many help commands use this feature. |
6598 | 953 |
954 @defspec with-output-to-temp-buffer buffer-name forms@dots{} | |
24951
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955 This function executes @var{forms} while arranging to insert any output |
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956 they print into the buffer named @var{buffer-name}, which is first |
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957 created if necessary, and put into Help mode. Finally, the buffer is |
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958 displayed in some window, but not selected. |
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959 |
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960 If the @var{forms} do not change the major mode in the output buffer, |
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961 so that it is still Help mode at the end of their execution, then |
24951
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962 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} makes this buffer read-only at the |
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963 end, and also scans it for function and variable names to make them |
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964 into clickable cross-references. @xref{Docstring hyperlinks, , Tips |
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965 for Documentation Strings}, in particular the item on hyperlinks in |
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966 documentation strings, for more details. |
6598 | 967 |
968 The string @var{buffer-name} specifies the temporary buffer, which | |
969 need not already exist. The argument must be a string, not a buffer. | |
970 The buffer is erased initially (with no questions asked), and it is | |
971 marked as unmodified after @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} exits. | |
972 | |
973 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} binds @code{standard-output} to the | |
974 temporary buffer, then it evaluates the forms in @var{forms}. Output | |
975 using the Lisp output functions within @var{forms} goes by default to | |
976 that buffer (but screen display and messages in the echo area, although | |
977 they are ``output'' in the general sense of the word, are not affected). | |
978 @xref{Output Functions}. | |
979 | |
24951
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980 Several hooks are available for customizing the behavior |
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981 of this construct; they are listed below. |
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982 |
6598 | 983 The value of the last form in @var{forms} is returned. |
984 | |
985 @example | |
986 @group | |
987 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
988 This is the contents of foo. | |
989 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
990 @end group | |
991 | |
992 @group | |
993 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "foo" | |
994 (print 20) | |
995 (print standard-output)) | |
996 @result{} #<buffer foo> | |
997 | |
998 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
999 20 | |
1000 | |
1001 #<buffer foo> | |
1002 | |
1003 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1004 @end group | |
1005 @end example | |
1006 @end defspec | |
1007 | |
1008 @defvar temp-buffer-show-function | |
9009 | 1009 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} |
6598 | 1010 calls it as a function to do the job of displaying a help buffer. The |
1011 function gets one argument, which is the buffer it should display. | |
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1012 |
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1013 It is a good idea for this function to run @code{temp-buffer-show-hook} |
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1014 just as @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} normally would, inside of |
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1015 @code{save-selected-window} and with the chosen window and buffer |
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1016 selected. |
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1017 @end defvar |
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1018 |
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1019 @defvar temp-buffer-setup-hook |
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1020 @tindex temp-buffer-setup-hook |
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1021 This normal hook is run by @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} before |
42082 | 1022 evaluating @var{body}. When the hook runs, the temporary buffer is |
1023 current. This hook is normally set up with a function to put the | |
1024 buffer in Help mode. | |
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1025 @end defvar |
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1026 |
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1027 @defvar temp-buffer-show-hook |
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1028 This normal hook is run by @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} after |
42082 | 1029 displaying the temporary buffer. When the hook runs, the temporary buffer |
1030 is current, and the window it was displayed in is selected. This hook | |
1031 is normally set up with a function to make the buffer read only, and | |
1032 find function names and variable names in it, provided the major mode | |
1033 is Help mode. | |
6598 | 1034 @end defvar |
1035 | |
1036 @defun momentary-string-display string position &optional char message | |
1037 This function momentarily displays @var{string} in the current buffer at | |
1038 @var{position}. It has no effect on the undo list or on the buffer's | |
1039 modification status. | |
1040 | |
1041 The momentary display remains until the next input event. If the next | |
1042 input event is @var{char}, @code{momentary-string-display} ignores it | |
1043 and returns. Otherwise, that event remains buffered for subsequent use | |
1044 as input. Thus, typing @var{char} will simply remove the string from | |
1045 the display, while typing (say) @kbd{C-f} will remove the string from | |
1046 the display and later (presumably) move point forward. The argument | |
1047 @var{char} is a space by default. | |
1048 | |
1049 The return value of @code{momentary-string-display} is not meaningful. | |
1050 | |
12098 | 1051 If the string @var{string} does not contain control characters, you can |
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1052 do the same job in a more general way by creating (and then subsequently |
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1053 deleting) an overlay with a @code{before-string} property. |
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1054 @xref{Overlay Properties}. |
12098 | 1055 |
6598 | 1056 If @var{message} is non-@code{nil}, it is displayed in the echo area |
1057 while @var{string} is displayed in the buffer. If it is @code{nil}, a | |
1058 default message says to type @var{char} to continue. | |
1059 | |
1060 In this example, point is initially located at the beginning of the | |
1061 second line: | |
1062 | |
1063 @example | |
1064 @group | |
1065 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1066 This is the contents of foo. | |
1067 @point{}Second line. | |
1068 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1069 @end group | |
1070 | |
1071 @group | |
1072 (momentary-string-display | |
1073 "**** Important Message! ****" | |
1074 (point) ?\r | |
1075 "Type RET when done reading") | |
1076 @result{} t | |
1077 @end group | |
1078 | |
1079 @group | |
1080 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1081 This is the contents of foo. | |
1082 **** Important Message! ****Second line. | |
1083 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1084 | |
1085 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
1086 Type RET when done reading | |
1087 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
1088 @end group | |
1089 @end example | |
1090 @end defun | |
1091 | |
1092 @node Overlays | |
1093 @section Overlays | |
1094 @cindex overlays | |
1095 | |
1096 You can use @dfn{overlays} to alter the appearance of a buffer's text on | |
12098 | 1097 the screen, for the sake of presentation features. An overlay is an |
1098 object that belongs to a particular buffer, and has a specified | |
1099 beginning and end. It also has properties that you can examine and set; | |
1100 these affect the display of the text within the overlay. | |
6598 | 1101 |
54023 | 1102 An overlays uses markers to record its beginning and end; thus, |
1103 editing the text of the buffer adjusts the beginning and end of each | |
1104 overlay so that it stays with the text. When you create the overlay, | |
1105 you can specify whether text inserted at the beginning should be | |
1106 inside the overlay or outside, and likewise for the end of the overlay. | |
1107 | |
6598 | 1108 @menu |
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1109 * Managing Overlays:: Creating and moving overlays. |
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1110 * Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties. |
6598 | 1111 What properties do to the screen display. |
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1112 * Finding Overlays:: Searching for overlays. |
6598 | 1113 @end menu |
1114 | |
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1115 @node Managing Overlays |
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1116 @subsection Managing Overlays |
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1117 |
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1118 This section describes the functions to create, delete and move |
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1119 overlays, and to examine their contents. Overlay changes are not |
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1120 recorded in the buffer's undo list, since the overlays are not |
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1121 part of the buffer's contents. |
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1122 |
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1123 @defun overlayp object |
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1124 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is an overlay. |
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1125 @end defun |
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1126 |
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1127 @defun make-overlay start end &optional buffer front-advance rear-advance |
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1128 This function creates and returns an overlay that belongs to |
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1129 @var{buffer} and ranges from @var{start} to @var{end}. Both @var{start} |
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1130 and @var{end} must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or |
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1131 markers. If @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay is created in the |
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1132 current buffer. |
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1133 |
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1134 The arguments @var{front-advance} and @var{rear-advance} specify the |
64411
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1135 marker insertion type for the start of the overlay and for the end of |
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1136 the overlay, respectively. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}. If they |
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1137 are both @code{nil}, the default, then the overlay extends to include |
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1138 any text inserted at the beginning, but not text inserted at the end. |
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1139 If @var{front-advance} is non-@code{nil}, text inserted at the |
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1140 beginning of the overlay is excluded from the overlay. If |
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1141 @var{rear-advance} is non-@code{nil}, text inserted at the end of the |
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1142 overlay is included in the overlay. |
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1143 @end defun |
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1144 |
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1145 @defun overlay-start overlay |
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1146 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} starts, |
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1147 as an integer. |
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1148 @end defun |
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1149 |
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1150 @defun overlay-end overlay |
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1151 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} ends, |
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1152 as an integer. |
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1153 @end defun |
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1154 |
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1155 @defun overlay-buffer overlay |
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1156 This function returns the buffer that @var{overlay} belongs to. It |
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1157 returns @code{nil} if @var{overlay} has been deleted. |
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1158 @end defun |
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1159 |
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1160 @defun delete-overlay overlay |
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1161 This function deletes @var{overlay}. The overlay continues to exist as |
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1162 a Lisp object, and its property list is unchanged, but it ceases to be |
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1163 attached to the buffer it belonged to, and ceases to have any effect on |
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1164 display. |
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1165 |
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1166 A deleted overlay is not permanently disconnected. You can give it a |
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1167 position in a buffer again by calling @code{move-overlay}. |
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1168 @end defun |
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1169 |
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1170 @defun move-overlay overlay start end &optional buffer |
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1171 This function moves @var{overlay} to @var{buffer}, and places its bounds |
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1172 at @var{start} and @var{end}. Both arguments @var{start} and @var{end} |
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1173 must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or markers. |
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1174 |
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1175 If @var{buffer} is omitted, @var{overlay} stays in the same buffer it |
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1176 was already associated with; if @var{overlay} was deleted, it goes into |
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1177 the current buffer. |
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1178 |
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1179 The return value is @var{overlay}. |
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1180 |
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1181 This is the only valid way to change the endpoints of an overlay. Do |
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1182 not try modifying the markers in the overlay by hand, as that fails to |
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1183 update other vital data structures and can cause some overlays to be |
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1184 ``lost''. |
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1185 @end defun |
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1186 |
60782
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1187 @defun remove-overlays &optional start end name value |
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1188 This function removes all the overlays between @var{start} and |
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1189 @var{end} whose property @var{name} has the value @var{value}. It can |
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1190 move the endpoints of the overlays in the region, or split them. |
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1191 |
61980
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1192 If @var{name} is omitted or @code{nil}, it means to delete all overlays in |
60782
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1193 the specified region. If @var{start} and/or @var{end} are omitted or |
61980
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1194 @code{nil}, that means the beginning and end of the buffer respectively. |
60782
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1195 Therefore, @code{(remove-overlays)} removes all the overlays in the |
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1196 current buffer. |
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1197 @end defun |
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1198 |
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1199 Here are some examples: |
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1200 |
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1201 @example |
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1202 ;; @r{Create an overlay.} |
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1203 (setq foo (make-overlay 1 10)) |
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1204 @result{} #<overlay from 1 to 10 in display.texi> |
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1205 (overlay-start foo) |
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1206 @result{} 1 |
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1207 (overlay-end foo) |
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1208 @result{} 10 |
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1209 (overlay-buffer foo) |
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1210 @result{} #<buffer display.texi> |
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1211 ;; @r{Give it a property we can check later.} |
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1212 (overlay-put foo 'happy t) |
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1213 @result{} t |
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1214 ;; @r{Verify the property is present.} |
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1215 (overlay-get foo 'happy) |
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1216 @result{} t |
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1217 ;; @r{Move the overlay.} |
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1218 (move-overlay foo 5 20) |
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1219 @result{} #<overlay from 5 to 20 in display.texi> |
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1220 (overlay-start foo) |
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1221 @result{} 5 |
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1222 (overlay-end foo) |
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1223 @result{} 20 |
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|
1224 ;; @r{Delete the overlay.} |
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|
1225 (delete-overlay foo) |
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|
1226 @result{} nil |
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|
1227 ;; @r{Verify it is deleted.} |
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|
1228 foo |
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|
1229 @result{} #<overlay in no buffer> |
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1230 ;; @r{A deleted overlay has no position.} |
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1231 (overlay-start foo) |
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|
1232 @result{} nil |
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|
1233 (overlay-end foo) |
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1234 @result{} nil |
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|
1235 (overlay-buffer foo) |
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1236 @result{} nil |
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1237 ;; @r{Undelete the overlay.} |
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|
1238 (move-overlay foo 1 20) |
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1239 @result{} #<overlay from 1 to 20 in display.texi> |
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1240 ;; @r{Verify the results.} |
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1241 (overlay-start foo) |
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1242 @result{} 1 |
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1243 (overlay-end foo) |
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1244 @result{} 20 |
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|
1245 (overlay-buffer foo) |
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1246 @result{} #<buffer display.texi> |
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1247 ;; @r{Moving and deleting the overlay does not change its properties.} |
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|
1248 (overlay-get foo 'happy) |
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1249 @result{} t |
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1250 @end example |
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1251 |
6598 | 1252 @node Overlay Properties |
1253 @subsection Overlay Properties | |
1254 | |
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1255 Overlay properties are like text properties in that the properties that |
22138
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1256 alter how a character is displayed can come from either source. But in |
60503
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1257 most respects they are different. @xref{Text Properties}, for comparison. |
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1258 |
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|
1259 Text properties are considered a part of the text; overlays and |
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1260 their properties are specifically considered not to be part of the |
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1261 text. Thus, copying text between various buffers and strings |
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1262 preserves text properties, but does not try to preserve overlays. |
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1263 Changing a buffer's text properties marks the buffer as modified, |
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1264 while moving an overlay or changing its properties does not. Unlike |
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1265 text property changes, overlay property changes are not recorded in |
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1266 the buffer's undo list. |
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1267 |
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1268 These functions read and set the properties of an overlay: |
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1269 |
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1270 @defun overlay-get overlay prop |
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1271 This function returns the value of property @var{prop} recorded in |
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1272 @var{overlay}, if any. If @var{overlay} does not record any value for |
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1273 that property, but it does have a @code{category} property which is a |
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1274 symbol, that symbol's @var{prop} property is used. Otherwise, the value |
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1275 is @code{nil}. |
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1276 @end defun |
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1277 |
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1278 @defun overlay-put overlay prop value |
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1279 This function sets the value of property @var{prop} recorded in |
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1280 @var{overlay} to @var{value}. It returns @var{value}. |
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1281 @end defun |
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1282 |
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1283 @defun overlay-properties overlay |
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1284 This returns a copy of the property list of @var{overlay}. |
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1285 @end defun |
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1286 |
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1287 See also the function @code{get-char-property} which checks both |
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1288 overlay properties and text properties for a given character. |
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1289 @xref{Examining Properties}. |
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1290 |
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1291 Many overlay properties have special meanings; here is a table |
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1292 of them: |
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1293 |
6598 | 1294 @table @code |
1295 @item priority | |
1296 @kindex priority @r{(overlay property)} | |
52380
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1297 This property's value (which should be a nonnegative integer number) |
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1298 determines the priority of the overlay. The priority matters when two |
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1299 or more overlays cover the same character and both specify the same |
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1300 property; the one whose @code{priority} value is larger takes priority |
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1301 over the other. For the @code{face} property, the higher priority |
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1302 value does not completely replace the other; instead, its face |
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1303 attributes override the face attributes of the lower priority |
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1304 @code{face} property. |
6598 | 1305 |
1306 Currently, all overlays take priority over text properties. Please | |
1307 avoid using negative priority values, as we have not yet decided just | |
1308 what they should mean. | |
1309 | |
1310 @item window | |
1311 @kindex window @r{(overlay property)} | |
1312 If the @code{window} property is non-@code{nil}, then the overlay | |
1313 applies only on that window. | |
1314 | |
12067 | 1315 @item category |
1316 @kindex category @r{(overlay property)} | |
1317 If an overlay has a @code{category} property, we call it the | |
12098 | 1318 @dfn{category} of the overlay. It should be a symbol. The properties |
12067 | 1319 of the symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the overlay. |
1320 | |
6598 | 1321 @item face |
1322 @kindex face @r{(overlay property)} | |
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1323 This property controls the way text is displayed---for example, which |
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1324 font and which colors. @xref{Faces}, for more information. |
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1325 |
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1326 In the simplest case, the value is a face name. It can also be a list; |
25875 | 1327 then each element can be any of these possibilities: |
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1328 |
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1329 @itemize @bullet |
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1330 @item |
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1331 A face name (a symbol or string). |
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1332 |
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1333 @item |
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1334 A property list of face attributes. This has the form (@var{keyword} |
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1335 @var{value} @dots{}), where each @var{keyword} is a face attribute |
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1336 name and @var{value} is a meaningful value for that attribute. With |
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1337 this feature, you do not need to create a face each time you want to |
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1338 specify a particular attribute for certain text. @xref{Face |
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1339 Attributes}. |
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1340 |
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1341 @item |
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1342 A cons cell of the form @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} or |
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1343 @code{(background-color . @var{color-name})}. These elements specify |
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1344 just the foreground color or just the background color. |
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1345 |
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1346 @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} has the same effect as |
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1347 @code{(:foreground @var{color-name})}; likewise for the background. |
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1348 @end itemize |
6598 | 1349 |
1350 @item mouse-face | |
1351 @kindex mouse-face @r{(overlay property)} | |
1352 This property is used instead of @code{face} when the mouse is within | |
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1353 the range of the overlay. |
6598 | 1354 |
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1355 @item display |
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1356 @kindex display @r{(overlay property)} |
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1357 This property activates various features that change the |
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1358 way text is displayed. For example, it can make text appear taller |
38278 | 1359 or shorter, higher or lower, wider or narrower, or replaced with an image. |
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1360 @xref{Display Property}. |
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1361 |
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|
1362 @item help-echo |
59769
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(Overlay Properties): Fix the index entry for help-echo overlay property.
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1363 @kindex help-echo @r{(overlay property)} |
31373
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|
1364 If an overlay has a @code{help-echo} property, then when you move the |
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|
1365 mouse onto the text in the overlay, Emacs displays a help string in the |
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|
1366 echo area, or in the tooltip window. For details see @ref{Text |
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|
1367 help-echo}. |
25751
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1368 |
6598 | 1369 @item modification-hooks |
1370 @kindex modification-hooks @r{(overlay property)} | |
1371 This property's value is a list of functions to be called if any | |
1372 character within the overlay is changed or if text is inserted strictly | |
12067 | 1373 within the overlay. |
1374 | |
1375 The hook functions are called both before and after each change. | |
1376 If the functions save the information they receive, and compare notes | |
1377 between calls, they can determine exactly what change has been made | |
1378 in the buffer text. | |
1379 | |
1380 When called before a change, each function receives four arguments: the | |
1381 overlay, @code{nil}, and the beginning and end of the text range to be | |
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1382 modified. |
6598 | 1383 |
12067 | 1384 When called after a change, each function receives five arguments: the |
1385 overlay, @code{t}, the beginning and end of the text range just | |
1386 modified, and the length of the pre-change text replaced by that range. | |
1387 (For an insertion, the pre-change length is zero; for a deletion, that | |
1388 length is the number of characters deleted, and the post-change | |
12098 | 1389 beginning and end are equal.) |
12067 | 1390 |
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(Inverse Video): Delete mode-line-inverse-video.
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|
1391 If these functions modify the buffer, they should bind |
06f333c0aec7
(Inverse Video): Delete mode-line-inverse-video.
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|
1392 @code{inhibit-modification-hooks} to @code{t} around doing so, to |
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|
1393 avoid confusing the internal mechanism that calls these hooks. |
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|
1394 |
6598 | 1395 @item insert-in-front-hooks |
1396 @kindex insert-in-front-hooks @r{(overlay property)} | |
12067 | 1397 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and |
1398 after inserting text right at the beginning of the overlay. The calling | |
1399 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions. | |
6598 | 1400 |
1401 @item insert-behind-hooks | |
1402 @kindex insert-behind-hooks @r{(overlay property)} | |
12067 | 1403 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and |
1404 after inserting text right at the end of the overlay. The calling | |
1405 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions. | |
6598 | 1406 |
1407 @item invisible | |
1408 @kindex invisible @r{(overlay property)} | |
12067 | 1409 The @code{invisible} property can make the text in the overlay |
1410 invisible, which means that it does not appear on the screen. | |
1411 @xref{Invisible Text}, for details. | |
1412 | |
1413 @item intangible | |
1414 @kindex intangible @r{(overlay property)} | |
1415 The @code{intangible} property on an overlay works just like the | |
12098 | 1416 @code{intangible} text property. @xref{Special Properties}, for details. |
21007
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1417 |
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1418 @item isearch-open-invisible |
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1419 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay |
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1420 visible, permanently, if the final match overlaps it. @xref{Invisible |
21007
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1421 Text}. |
6598 | 1422 |
22138
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1423 @item isearch-open-invisible-temporary |
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1424 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay |
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|
1425 visible, temporarily, during the search. @xref{Invisible Text}. |
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|
1426 |
6598 | 1427 @item before-string |
1428 @kindex before-string @r{(overlay property)} | |
1429 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the beginning | |
1430 of the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any | |
25875 | 1431 sense---only on the screen. |
6598 | 1432 |
1433 @item after-string | |
1434 @kindex after-string @r{(overlay property)} | |
1435 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the end of | |
1436 the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any | |
25875 | 1437 sense---only on the screen. |
12067 | 1438 |
1439 @item evaporate | |
1440 @kindex evaporate @r{(overlay property)} | |
1441 If this property is non-@code{nil}, the overlay is deleted automatically | |
56451
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(Overlay Properties): Adding `evaporate' prop deletes empty overlay immediately.
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|
1442 if it becomes empty (i.e., if its length becomes zero). If you give |
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(Overlay Properties): Adding `evaporate' prop deletes empty overlay immediately.
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|
1443 an empty overlay a non-@code{nil} @code{evaporate} property, that deletes |
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(Overlay Properties): Adding `evaporate' prop deletes empty overlay immediately.
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|
1444 it immediately. |
16123
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Mention local-value property on an overlay.
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|
1445 |
29102 | 1446 @item local-map |
29076 | 1447 @cindex keymap of character (and overlays) |
29102 | 1448 @kindex local-map @r{(overlay property)} |
29076 | 1449 If this property is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a keymap for a portion |
1450 of the text. The property's value replaces the buffer's local map, when | |
1451 the character after point is within the overlay. @xref{Active Keymaps}. | |
33996 | 1452 |
1453 @item keymap | |
1454 @kindex keymap @r{(overlay property)} | |
1455 The @code{keymap} property is similar to @code{local-map} but overrides the | |
1456 buffer's local map (and the map specified by the @code{local-map} | |
1457 property) rather than replacing it. | |
29076 | 1458 @end table |
1459 | |
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1460 @node Finding Overlays |
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|
1461 @subsection Searching for Overlays |
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|
1462 |
6598 | 1463 @defun overlays-at pos |
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|
1464 This function returns a list of all the overlays that cover the |
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|
1465 character at position @var{pos} in the current buffer. The list is in |
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|
1466 no particular order. An overlay contains position @var{pos} if it |
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|
1467 begins at or before @var{pos}, and ends after @var{pos}. |
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1468 |
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|
1469 To illustrate usage, here is a Lisp function that returns a list of the |
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|
1470 overlays that specify property @var{prop} for the character at point: |
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|
1471 |
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|
1472 @smallexample |
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|
1473 (defun find-overlays-specifying (prop) |
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|
1474 (let ((overlays (overlays-at (point))) |
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Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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|
1475 found) |
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|
1476 (while overlays |
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(Finding Overlays): Fix example code.
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|
1477 (let ((overlay (car overlays))) |
26696
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|
1478 (if (overlay-get overlay prop) |
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|
1479 (setq found (cons overlay found)))) |
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|
1480 (setq overlays (cdr overlays))) |
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|
1481 found)) |
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|
1482 @end smallexample |
6598 | 1483 @end defun |
1484 | |
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1485 @defun overlays-in beg end |
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1486 This function returns a list of the overlays that overlap the region |
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1487 @var{beg} through @var{end}. ``Overlap'' means that at least one |
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1488 character is contained within the overlay and also contained within the |
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|
1489 specified region; however, empty overlays are included in the result if |
26696
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|
1490 they are located at @var{beg}, or strictly between @var{beg} and @var{end}. |
21007
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1491 @end defun |
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|
1492 |
6598 | 1493 @defun next-overlay-change pos |
1494 This function returns the buffer position of the next beginning or end | |
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(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
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|
1495 of an overlay, after @var{pos}. If there is none, it returns |
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|
1496 @code{(point-max)}. |
6598 | 1497 @end defun |
1498 | |
12067 | 1499 @defun previous-overlay-change pos |
1500 This function returns the buffer position of the previous beginning or | |
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|
1501 end of an overlay, before @var{pos}. If there is none, it returns |
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|
1502 @code{(point-min)}. |
12067 | 1503 @end defun |
1504 | |
65121
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(Finding Overlays): Fix `find-overlay-prop' in `next-overlay-change' example.
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|
1505 Here's a function which uses @code{next-overlay-change} to search |
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(Finding Overlays): Fix `find-overlay-prop' in `next-overlay-change' example.
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|
1506 for the next character which gets a given property @code{prop} from |
26696
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|
1507 either its overlays or its text properties (@pxref{Property Search}): |
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|
1508 |
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|
1509 @smallexample |
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|
1510 (defun find-overlay-prop (prop) |
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|
1511 (save-excursion |
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|
1512 (while (and (not (eobp)) |
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|
1513 (not (get-char-property (point) prop))) |
26696
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|
1514 (goto-char (min (next-overlay-change (point)) |
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|
1515 (next-single-property-change (point) prop)))) |
26696
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|
1516 (point))) |
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|
1517 @end smallexample |
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|
1518 |
65121
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|
1519 Now you can search for a @code{happy} property like this: |
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(Finding Overlays): Fix `find-overlay-prop' in `next-overlay-change' example.
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|
1520 |
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|
1521 @smallexample |
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|
1522 (find-overlay-prop 'happy) |
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|
1523 @end smallexample |
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1524 |
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1525 @node Width |
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|
1526 @section Width |
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1527 |
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|
1528 Since not all characters have the same width, these functions let you |
21682
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1529 check the width of a character. @xref{Primitive Indent}, and |
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|
1530 @ref{Screen Lines}, for related functions. |
21007
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1531 |
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|
1532 @defun char-width char |
21007
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|
1533 This function returns the width in columns of the character @var{char}, |
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|
1534 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. |
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1535 @end defun |
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1536 |
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|
1537 @defun string-width string |
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1538 This function returns the width in columns of the string @var{string}, |
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|
1539 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. |
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|
1540 @end defun |
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1541 |
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changeset
|
1542 @defun truncate-string-to-width string width &optional start-column padding ellipsis |
21007
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1543 This function returns the part of @var{string} that fits within |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1544 @var{width} columns, as a new string. |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1545 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1546 If @var{string} does not reach @var{width}, then the result ends where |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1547 @var{string} ends. If one multi-column character in @var{string} |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1548 extends across the column @var{width}, that character is not included in |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1549 the result. Thus, the result can fall short of @var{width} but cannot |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1550 go beyond it. |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1551 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1552 The optional argument @var{start-column} specifies the starting column. |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1553 If this is non-@code{nil}, then the first @var{start-column} columns of |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
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|
1554 the string are omitted from the value. If one multi-column character in |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1555 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}, that |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1556 character is not included. |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1557 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1558 The optional argument @var{padding}, if non-@code{nil}, is a padding |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1559 character added at the beginning and end of the result string, to extend |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
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|
1560 it to exactly @var{width} columns. The padding character is used at the |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1561 end of the result if it falls short of @var{width}. It is also used at |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1562 the beginning of the result if one multi-column character in |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1563 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}. |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18234
diff
changeset
|
1564 |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
1565 If @var{ellipsis} is non-@code{nil}, it should be a string which will |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
1566 replace the end of @var{str} (including any padding) if it extends |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
1567 beyond @var{end-column}, unless the display width of @var{str} is |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
1568 equal to or less than the display width of @var{ellipsis}. If |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
1569 @var{ellipsis} is non-@code{nil} and not a string, it stands for |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1570 @code{"..."}. |
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(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1571 |
21007
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1572 @example |
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|
1573 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4) |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1574 @result{} "ab" |
52002
26d4153f70a1
(Width): Use \s syntax in example.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1575 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4 ?\s) |
21007
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1576 @result{} " ab " |
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*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1577 @end example |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1578 @end defun |
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|
1579 |
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|
1580 @node Line Height |
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|
1581 @section Line Height |
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|
1582 @cindex line height |
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(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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|
1583 |
eb1bd3031b13
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|
1584 The total height of each display line consists of the height of the |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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diff
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|
1585 contents of the line, and additional vertical line spacing below the |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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diff
changeset
|
1586 display row. |
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(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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changeset
|
1587 |
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(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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diff
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|
1588 The height of the line contents is normally determined from the |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1589 maximum height of any character or image on that display line, |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
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|
1590 including the final newline if there is one. (A line that is |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1591 continued doesn't include a final newline.) In the most common case, |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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parents:
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|
1592 the line height equals the height of the default frame font. |
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(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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diff
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|
1593 |
58902
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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diff
changeset
|
1594 There are several ways to explicitly control or change the line |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1595 height, either by specifying an absolute height for the display line, |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1596 or by adding additional vertical space below one or all lines. |
58883
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(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1597 |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
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|
1598 @kindex line-height @r{(text property)} |
58902
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1599 A newline can have a @code{line-height} text or overlay property |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1600 that controls the total height of the display line ending in that |
59212
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
changeset
|
1601 newline. |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
changeset
|
1602 |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
changeset
|
1603 If the property value is a list @code{(@var{height} @var{total})}, |
d928e34db52a
(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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parents:
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diff
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|
1604 then @var{height} is used as the actual property value for the |
d928e34db52a
(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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parents:
59137
diff
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|
1605 @code{line-height}, and @var{total} specifies the total displayed |
d928e34db52a
(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1606 height of the line, so the line spacing added below the line equals |
d928e34db52a
(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
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|
1607 the @var{total} height minus the actual line height. In this case, |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
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|
1608 the other ways to specify the line spacing are ignored. |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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59137
diff
changeset
|
1609 |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1610 If the property value is @code{t}, the displayed height of the |
59137
d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1611 line is exactly what its contents demand; no line-spacing is added. |
58902
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1612 This case is useful for tiling small images or image slices without |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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diff
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|
1613 adding blank areas between the images. |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1614 |
59212
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
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|
1615 If the property value is not @code{t}, it is a height spec. A height |
61980
f3d536670495
Fix typos and Texinfo usage.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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61972
diff
changeset
|
1616 spec stands for a numeric height value; this height spec specifies the |
59137
d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1617 actual line height, @var{line-height}. There are several ways to |
d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
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diff
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|
1618 write a height spec; here's how each of them translates into a numeric |
d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1619 height: |
58902
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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diff
changeset
|
1620 |
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diff
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|
1621 @table @code |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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diff
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|
1622 @item @var{integer} |
59137
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(Line Height): Further clarify.
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diff
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|
1623 If the height spec is a positive integer, the height value is that integer. |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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|
1624 @item @var{float} |
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(Line Height): Further clarify.
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diff
changeset
|
1625 If the height spec is a float, @var{float}, the numeric height value |
d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1626 is @var{float} times the frame's default line height. |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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|
1627 @item (@var{face} . @var{ratio}) |
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(Line Height): Further clarify.
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diff
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|
1628 If the height spec is a cons of the format shown, the numeric height |
d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
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58902
diff
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|
1629 is @var{ratio} times the height of face @var{face}. @var{ratio} can |
59212
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
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|
1630 be any type of number, or @code{nil} which means a ratio of 1. |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
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|
1631 If @var{face} is @code{t}, it refers to the current face. |
61980
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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|
1632 @item (nil . @var{ratio}) |
59212
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
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|
1633 If the height spec is a cons of the format shown, the numeric height |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
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|
1634 is @var{ratio} times the height of the contents of the line. |
58902
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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|
1635 @end table |
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
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|
1636 |
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(Line Height): Total line-height is now specified
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diff
changeset
|
1637 Thus, any valid non-@code{t} property value specifies a height in pixels, |
58902
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1638 @var{line-height}, one way or another. If the line contents' height |
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1639 is less than @var{line-height}, Emacs adds extra vertical space above |
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1640 the line to achieve the total height @var{line-height}. Otherwise, |
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1641 @var{line-height} has no effect. |
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1642 |
61980
f3d536670495
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parents:
61972
diff
changeset
|
1643 If you don't specify the @code{line-height} property, the line's |
58902
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58883
diff
changeset
|
1644 height consists of the contents' height plus the line spacing. |
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d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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58902
diff
changeset
|
1645 There are several ways to specify the line spacing for different |
d7025bc399f1
(Line Height): Further clarify.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58902
diff
changeset
|
1646 parts of Emacs text. |
58883
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
1647 |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
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58496
diff
changeset
|
1648 @vindex default-line-spacing |
58902
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58883
diff
changeset
|
1649 You can specify the line spacing for all lines in a frame with the |
64877
573bd827cef9
(Line Height, Scroll Bars): Fix xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64841
diff
changeset
|
1650 @code{line-spacing} frame parameter (@pxref{Layout Parameters}). |
58902
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(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58883
diff
changeset
|
1651 However, if the variable @code{default-line-spacing} is |
58883
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
1652 non-@code{nil}, it overrides the frame's @code{line-spacing} |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
1653 parameter. An integer value specifies the number of pixels put below |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
1654 lines on window systems. A floating point number specifies the |
58902
e1ad27c7a13c
(Line Height): Rewrite text for clarity.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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58883
diff
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|
1655 spacing relative to the frame's default line height. |
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1656 |
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1657 @vindex line-spacing |
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1658 You can specify the line spacing for all lines in a buffer via the |
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1659 buffer-local @code{line-spacing} variable. An integer value specifies |
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1660 the number of pixels put below lines on window systems. A floating |
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1661 point number specifies the spacing relative to the default frame line |
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|
1662 height. This overrides line spacings specified for the frame. |
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1663 |
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1664 @kindex line-spacing @r{(text property)} |
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1665 Finally, a newline can have a @code{line-spacing} text or overlay |
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|
1666 property that controls the height of the display line ending with that |
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|
1667 newline. The property value overrides the default frame line spacing |
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1668 and the buffer local @code{line-spacing} variable. |
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1669 |
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1670 One way or another, these mechanisms specify a Lisp value for the |
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1671 spacing of each line. The value is a height spec, and it translates |
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1672 into a Lisp value as described above. However, in this case the |
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1673 numeric height value specifies the line spacing, rather than the line |
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1674 height. |
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|
1675 |
6598 | 1676 @node Faces |
1677 @section Faces | |
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1678 @cindex faces |
6598 | 1679 |
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1680 A @dfn{face} is a named collection of graphical attributes: font |
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1681 family, foreground color, background color, optional underlining, and |
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1682 many others. Faces are used in Emacs to control the style of display of |
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1683 particular parts of the text or the frame. @xref{Standard Faces,,, |
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1684 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for the list of faces Emacs normally |
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1685 comes with. |
6598 | 1686 |
1687 @cindex face id | |
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1688 Each face has its own @dfn{face number}, which distinguishes faces at |
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1689 low levels within Emacs. However, for most purposes, you refer to |
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1690 faces in Lisp programs by the symbols that name them. |
6598 | 1691 |
12067 | 1692 @defun facep object |
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1693 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a face name string |
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1694 or symbol (or if it is a vector of the kind used internally to record |
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|
1695 face data). It returns @code{nil} otherwise. |
12067 | 1696 @end defun |
1697 | |
6598 | 1698 Each face name is meaningful for all frames, and by default it has the |
1699 same meaning in all frames. But you can arrange to give a particular | |
1700 face name a special meaning in one frame if you wish. | |
1701 | |
1702 @menu | |
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1703 * Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}. |
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1704 * Face Attributes:: What is in a face? |
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1705 * Attribute Functions:: Functions to examine and set face attributes. |
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(Face Attributes): Describe hex color specs.
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1706 * Displaying Faces:: How Emacs combines the faces specified for a character. |
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1707 * Font Selection:: Finding the best available font for a face. |
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1708 * Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces. |
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1709 * Auto Faces:: Hook for automatic face assignment. |
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1710 * Font Lookup:: Looking up the names of available fonts |
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1711 and information about them. |
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1712 * Fontsets:: A fontset is a collection of fonts |
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1713 that handle a range of character sets. |
6598 | 1714 @end menu |
1715 | |
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1716 @node Defining Faces |
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1717 @subsection Defining Faces |
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1718 |
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1719 The way to define a new face is with @code{defface}. This creates a |
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1720 kind of customization item (@pxref{Customization}) which the user can |
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1721 customize using the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy Customization,,, |
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1722 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). |
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1723 |
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1724 @defmac defface face spec doc [keyword value]... |
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1725 This declares @var{face} as a customizable face that defaults |
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1726 according to @var{spec}. You should not quote the symbol @var{face}, |
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1727 and it should not end in @samp{-face} (that would be redundant). The |
25875 | 1728 argument @var{doc} specifies the face documentation. The keywords you |
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1729 can use in @code{defface} are the same as in @code{defgroup} and |
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1730 @code{defcustom} (@pxref{Common Keywords}). |
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1731 |
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1732 When @code{defface} executes, it defines the face according to |
22138
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1733 @var{spec}, then uses any customizations that were read from the |
25875 | 1734 init file (@pxref{Init File}) to override that specification. |
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1735 |
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1736 The purpose of @var{spec} is to specify how the face should appear on |
61854
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1737 different kinds of terminals. It should be an alist whose elements |
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1738 have the form @code{(@var{display} @var{atts})}. Each element's |
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1739 @sc{car}, @var{display}, specifies a class of terminals. (The first |
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1740 element, if it s @sc{car} is @code{default}, is special---it specifies |
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1741 defaults for the remaining elements). The element's @sc{cadr}, |
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1742 @var{atts}, is a list of face attributes and their values; it |
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|
1743 specifies what the face should look like on that kind of terminal. |
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1744 The possible attributes are defined in the value of |
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|
1745 @code{custom-face-attributes}. |
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1746 |
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1747 The @var{display} part of an element of @var{spec} determines which |
61854
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1748 frames the element matches. If more than one element of @var{spec} |
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1749 matches a given frame, the first element that matches is the one used |
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1750 for that frame. There are three possibilities for @var{display}: |
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1751 |
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1752 @table @asis |
61854
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1753 @item @code{default} |
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1754 This element of @var{spec} doesn't match any frames; instead, it |
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1755 specifies defaults that apply to all frames. This kind of element, if |
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1756 used, must be the first element of @var{spec}. Each of the following |
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1757 elements can override any or all of these defaults. |
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1758 |
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1759 @item @code{t} |
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1760 This element of @var{spec} matches all frames. Therefore, any |
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1761 subsequent elements of @var{spec} are never used. Normally |
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1762 @code{t} is used in the last (or only) element of @var{spec}. |
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1763 |
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1764 @item a list |
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1765 If @var{display} is a list, each element should have the form |
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1766 @code{(@var{characteristic} @var{value}@dots{})}. Here |
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1767 @var{characteristic} specifies a way of classifying frames, and the |
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1768 @var{value}s are possible classifications which @var{display} should |
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1769 apply to. Here are the possible values of @var{characteristic}: |
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1770 |
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1771 @table @code |
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1772 @item type |
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1773 The kind of window system the frame uses---either @code{graphic} (any |
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1774 graphics-capable display), @code{x}, @code{pc} (for the MS-DOS console), |
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1775 @code{w32} (for MS Windows 9X/NT), or @code{tty} (a non-graphics-capable |
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1776 display). |
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1777 |
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1778 @item class |
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1779 What kinds of colors the frame supports---either @code{color}, |
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1780 @code{grayscale}, or @code{mono}. |
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1781 |
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1782 @item background |
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1783 The kind of background---either @code{light} or @code{dark}. |
45745 | 1784 |
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1785 @item min-colors |
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1786 An integer that represents the minimum number of colors the frame |
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1787 should support. This matches a frame if its |
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1788 @code{display-color-cells} value is at least the specified integer. |
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1789 |
45745 | 1790 @item supports |
46170 | 1791 Whether or not the frame can display the face attributes given in |
1792 @var{value}@dots{} (@pxref{Face Attributes}). See the documentation | |
1793 for the function @code{display-supports-face-attributes-p} for more | |
1794 information on exactly how this testing is done. @xref{Display Face | |
1795 Attribute Testing}. | |
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1796 @end table |
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1797 |
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1798 If an element of @var{display} specifies more than one @var{value} for a |
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1799 given @var{characteristic}, any of those values is acceptable. If |
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1800 @var{display} has more than one element, each element should specify a |
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1801 different @var{characteristic}; then @emph{each} characteristic of the |
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1802 frame must match one of the @var{value}s specified for it in |
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1803 @var{display}. |
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1804 @end table |
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1805 @end defmac |
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1806 |
25875 | 1807 Here's how the standard face @code{region} is defined: |
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1808 |
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1809 @example |
25875 | 1810 @group |
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1811 '((((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark)) |
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1812 :background "blue3") |
25875 | 1813 @end group |
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1814 (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light)) |
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1815 :background "lightgoldenrod2") |
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1816 (((class color) (min-colors 16) (background dark)) |
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1817 :background "blue3") |
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1818 (((class color) (min-colors 16) (background light)) |
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1819 :background "lightgoldenrod2") |
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1820 (((class color) (min-colors 8)) |
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1821 :background "blue" :foreground "white") |
25875 | 1822 (((type tty) (class mono)) |
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1823 :inverse-video t) |
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1824 (t :background "gray")) |
25875 | 1825 @group |
1826 "Basic face for highlighting the region." | |
1827 :group 'basic-faces) | |
1828 @end group | |
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1829 @end example |
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1830 |
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1831 Internally, @code{defface} uses the symbol property |
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1832 @code{face-defface-spec} to record the face attributes specified in |
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1833 @code{defface}, @code{saved-face} for the attributes saved by the user |
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1834 with the customization buffer, @code{customized-face} for the |
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1835 attributes customized by the user for the current session, but not |
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1836 saved, and @code{face-documentation} for the documentation string. |
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1837 |
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1838 @defopt frame-background-mode |
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1839 This option, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the background type to use for |
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1840 interpreting face definitions. If it is @code{dark}, then Emacs treats |
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1841 all frames as if they had a dark background, regardless of their actual |
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1842 background colors. If it is @code{light}, then Emacs treats all frames |
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1843 as if they had a light background. |
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1844 @end defopt |
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1845 |
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1846 @node Face Attributes |
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1847 @subsection Face Attributes |
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1848 @cindex face attributes |
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1849 |
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1850 The effect of using a face is determined by a fixed set of @dfn{face |
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1851 attributes}. This table lists all the face attributes, and what they |
25875 | 1852 mean. Note that in general, more than one face can be specified for a |
1853 given piece of text; when that happens, the attributes of all the faces | |
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1854 are merged to specify how to display the text. @xref{Displaying Faces}. |
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1855 |
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1856 Any attribute in a face can have the value @code{unspecified}. This |
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1857 means the face doesn't specify that attribute. In face merging, when |
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1858 the first face fails to specify a particular attribute, that means the |
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1859 next face gets a chance. However, the @code{default} face must |
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1860 specify all attributes. |
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1861 |
25875 | 1862 Some of these font attributes are meaningful only on certain kinds of |
1863 displays---if your display cannot handle a certain attribute, the | |
1864 attribute is ignored. (The attributes @code{:family}, @code{:width}, | |
1865 @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} correspond to parts of | |
1866 an X Logical Font Descriptor.) | |
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1867 |
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1868 @table @code |
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1869 @item :family |
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1870 Font family name, or fontset name (@pxref{Fontsets}). If you specify a |
25875 | 1871 font family name, the wild-card characters @samp{*} and @samp{?} are |
1872 allowed. | |
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1873 |
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1874 @item :width |
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1875 Relative proportionate width, also known as the character set width or |
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1876 set width. This should be one of the symbols @code{ultra-condensed}, |
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1877 @code{extra-condensed}, @code{condensed}, @code{semi-condensed}, |
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1878 @code{normal}, @code{semi-expanded}, @code{expanded}, |
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1879 @code{extra-expanded}, or @code{ultra-expanded}. |
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1880 |
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1881 @item :height |
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1882 Either the font height, an integer in units of 1/10 point, a floating |
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1883 point number specifying the amount by which to scale the height of any |
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1884 underlying face, or a function, which is called with the old height |
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1885 (from the underlying face), and should return the new height. |
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1886 |
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1887 @item :weight |
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1888 Font weight---a symbol from this series (from most dense to most faint): |
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1889 @code{ultra-bold}, @code{extra-bold}, @code{bold}, @code{semi-bold}, |
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1890 @code{normal}, @code{semi-light}, @code{light}, @code{extra-light}, |
25875 | 1891 or @code{ultra-light}. |
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1892 |
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1893 On a text-only terminal, any weight greater than normal is displayed as |
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1894 extra bright, and any weight less than normal is displayed as |
25875 | 1895 half-bright (provided the terminal supports the feature). |
1896 | |
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1897 @item :slant |
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1898 Font slant---one of the symbols @code{italic}, @code{oblique}, @code{normal}, |
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1899 @code{reverse-italic}, or @code{reverse-oblique}. |
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1900 |
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1901 On a text-only terminal, slanted text is displayed as half-bright, if |
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1902 the terminal supports the feature. |
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1903 |
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1904 @item :foreground |
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1905 Foreground color, a string. The value can be a system-defined color |
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1906 name, or a hexadecimal color specification of the form |
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1907 @samp{#@var{rr}@var{gg}@var{bb}}. (@samp{#000000} is black, |
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1908 @samp{#ff0000} is red, @samp{#00ff00} is green, @samp{#0000ff} is |
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1909 blue, and @samp{#ffffff} is white.) |
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1910 |
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1911 @item :background |
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1912 Background color, a string, like the foreground color. |
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1913 |
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1914 @item :inverse-video |
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1915 Whether or not characters should be displayed in inverse video. The |
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1916 value should be @code{t} (yes) or @code{nil} (no). |
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1917 |
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1918 @item :stipple |
25875 | 1919 The background stipple, a bitmap. |
1920 | |
1921 The value can be a string; that should be the name of a file containing | |
1922 external-format X bitmap data. The file is found in the directories | |
1923 listed in the variable @code{x-bitmap-file-path}. | |
1924 | |
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1925 Alternatively, the value can specify the bitmap directly, with a list |
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1926 of the form @code{(@var{width} @var{height} @var{data})}. Here, |
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1927 @var{width} and @var{height} specify the size in pixels, and |
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1928 @var{data} is a string containing the raw bits of the bitmap, row by |
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1929 row. Each row occupies @math{(@var{width} + 7) / 8} consecutive bytes |
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1930 in the string (which should be a unibyte string for best results). |
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1931 This means that each row always occupies at least one whole byte. |
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1932 |
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1933 If the value is @code{nil}, that means use no stipple pattern. |
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1934 |
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1935 Normally you do not need to set the stipple attribute, because it is |
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1936 used automatically to handle certain shades of gray. |
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1937 |
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1938 @item :underline |
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1939 Whether or not characters should be underlined, and in what color. If |
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1940 the value is @code{t}, underlining uses the foreground color of the |
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1941 face. If the value is a string, underlining uses that color. The |
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1942 value @code{nil} means do not underline. |
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1943 |
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1944 @item :overline |
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1945 Whether or not characters should be overlined, and in what color. |
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1946 The value is used like that of @code{:underline}. |
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1947 |
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1948 @item :strike-through |
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1949 Whether or not characters should be strike-through, and in what |
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1950 color. The value is used like that of @code{:underline}. |
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1951 |
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1952 @item :inherit |
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1953 The name of a face from which to inherit attributes, or a list of face |
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1954 names. Attributes from inherited faces are merged into the face like an |
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1955 underlying face would be, with higher priority than underlying faces. |
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1956 If a list of faces is used, attributes from faces earlier in the list |
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1957 override those from later faces. |
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1958 |
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1959 @item :box |
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1960 Whether or not a box should be drawn around characters, its color, the |
25875 | 1961 width of the box lines, and 3D appearance. |
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1962 @end table |
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1963 |
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1964 Here are the possible values of the @code{:box} attribute, and what |
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1965 they mean: |
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1966 |
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1967 @table @asis |
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1968 @item @code{nil} |
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1969 Don't draw a box. |
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1970 |
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1971 @item @code{t} |
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1972 Draw a box with lines of width 1, in the foreground color. |
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1973 |
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1974 @item @var{color} |
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1975 Draw a box with lines of width 1, in color @var{color}. |
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1976 |
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1977 @item @code{(:line-width @var{width} :color @var{color} :style @var{style})} |
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1978 This way you can explicitly specify all aspects of the box. The value |
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1979 @var{width} specifies the width of the lines to draw; it defaults to 1. |
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1980 |
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1981 The value @var{color} specifies the color to draw with. The default is |
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1982 the foreground color of the face for simple boxes, and the background |
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1983 color of the face for 3D boxes. |
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1984 |
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1985 The value @var{style} specifies whether to draw a 3D box. If it is |
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1986 @code{released-button}, the box looks like a 3D button that is not being |
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1987 pressed. If it is @code{pressed-button}, the box looks like a 3D button |
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1988 that is being pressed. If it is @code{nil} or omitted, a plain 2D box |
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1989 is used. |
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1990 @end table |
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1991 |
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1992 In older versions of Emacs, before @code{:family}, @code{:height}, |
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1993 @code{:width}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} existed, these |
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1994 attributes were used to specify the type face. They are now |
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1995 semi-obsolete, but they still work: |
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1996 |
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1997 @table @code |
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1998 @item :font |
25875 | 1999 This attribute specifies the font name. |
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2000 |
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2001 @item :bold |
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2002 A non-@code{nil} value specifies a bold font. |
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2003 |
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2004 @item :italic |
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2005 A non-@code{nil} value specifies an italic font. |
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2006 @end table |
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2007 |
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2008 For compatibility, you can still set these ``attributes'', even |
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2009 though they are not real face attributes. Here is what that does: |
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2010 |
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2011 @table @code |
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2012 @item :font |
25875 | 2013 You can specify an X font name as the ``value'' of this ``attribute''; |
2014 that sets the @code{:family}, @code{:width}, @code{:height}, | |
2015 @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} attributes according to the font name. | |
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2016 |
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2017 If the value is a pattern with wildcards, the first font that matches |
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2018 the pattern is used to set these attributes. |
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2019 |
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2020 @item :bold |
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2021 A non-@code{nil} makes the face bold; @code{nil} makes it normal. |
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2022 This actually works by setting the @code{:weight} attribute. |
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2023 |
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2024 @item :italic |
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2025 A non-@code{nil} makes the face italic; @code{nil} makes it normal. |
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2026 This actually works by setting the @code{:slant} attribute. |
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2027 @end table |
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2028 |
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2029 @defvar x-bitmap-file-path |
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2030 This variable specifies a list of directories for searching |
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2031 for bitmap files, for the @code{:stipple} attribute. |
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2032 @end defvar |
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2033 |
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2034 @defun bitmap-spec-p object |
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2035 This returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a valid bitmap specification, |
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2036 suitable for use with @code{:stipple} (see above). It returns |
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2037 @code{nil} otherwise. |
25875 | 2038 @end defun |
2039 | |
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2040 @node Attribute Functions |
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2041 @subsection Face Attribute Functions |
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2042 |
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2043 You can modify the attributes of an existing face with the following |
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2044 functions. If you specify @var{frame}, they affect just that frame; |
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2045 otherwise, they affect all frames as well as the defaults that apply to |
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2046 new frames. |
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2047 |
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2048 @tindex set-face-attribute |
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2049 @defun set-face-attribute face frame &rest arguments |
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2050 This function sets one or more attributes of face @var{face} |
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2051 for frame @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it sets |
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2052 the attribute for all frames, and the defaults for new frames. |
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2053 |
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2054 The extra arguments @var{arguments} specify the attributes to set, and |
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2055 the values for them. They should consist of alternating attribute names |
25875 | 2056 (such as @code{:family} or @code{:underline}) and corresponding values. |
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2057 Thus, |
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2058 |
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2059 @example |
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diff
changeset
|
2060 (set-face-attribute 'foo nil |
46721
12862351ee03
Fix set-face-attribute example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46338
diff
changeset
|
2061 :width 'extended |
12862351ee03
Fix set-face-attribute example.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46338
diff
changeset
|
2062 :weight 'bold |
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2063 :underline "red") |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2064 @end example |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2065 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2066 @noindent |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2067 sets the attributes @code{:width}, @code{:weight} and @code{:underline} |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2068 to the corresponding values. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2069 @end defun |
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diff
changeset
|
2070 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2071 @tindex face-attribute |
46240
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2072 @defun face-attribute face attribute &optional frame inherit |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2073 This returns the value of the @var{attribute} attribute of face |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2074 @var{face} on @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, |
39404
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39221
diff
changeset
|
2075 that means the selected frame (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
25751
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parents:
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changeset
|
2076 |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2077 If @var{frame} is @code{t}, the value is the default for |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2078 @var{face} for new frames. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2079 |
51652
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2080 If @var{inherit} is @code{nil}, only attributes directly defined by |
46240
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2081 @var{face} are considered, so the return value may be |
51652
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2082 @code{unspecified}, or a relative value. If @var{inherit} is |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2083 non-@code{nil}, @var{face}'s definition of @var{attribute} is merged |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2084 with the faces specified by its @code{:inherit} attribute; however the |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2085 return value may still be @code{unspecified} or relative. If |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2086 @var{inherit} is a face or a list of faces, then the result is further |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2087 merged with that face (or faces), until it becomes specified and |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
2088 absolute. |
46240
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2089 |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2090 To ensure that the return value is always specified and absolute, use |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2091 a value of @code{default} for @var{inherit}; this will resolve any |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2092 unspecified or relative values by merging with the @code{default} face |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2093 (which is always completely specified). |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2094 |
25751
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|
2095 For example, |
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|
2096 |
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changeset
|
2097 @example |
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|
2098 (face-attribute 'bold :weight) |
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|
2099 @result{} bold |
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|
2100 @end example |
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|
2101 @end defun |
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|
2102 |
25875 | 2103 The functions above did not exist before Emacs 21. For compatibility |
2104 with older Emacs versions, you can use the following functions to set | |
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2105 and examine the face attributes which existed in those versions. |
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parents:
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|
2106 |
46240
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2107 @tindex face-attribute-relative-p |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2108 @defun face-attribute-relative-p attribute value |
54023 | 2109 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{value}, when used as |
46240
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2110 the value of the face attribute @var{attribute}, is relative (that is, |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2111 if it modifies an underlying or inherited value of @var{attribute}). |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2112 @end defun |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2113 |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2114 @tindex merge-face-attribute |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2115 @defun merge-face-attribute attribute value1 value2 |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2116 If @var{value1} is a relative value for the face attribute |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2117 @var{attribute}, returns it merged with the underlying value |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2118 @var{value2}; otherwise, if @var{value1} is an absolute value for the |
51000
72af65197e01
Fix typos. Patch from Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
49600
diff
changeset
|
2119 face attribute @var{attribute}, returns @var{value1} unchanged. |
46240
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2120 @end defun |
df64f9f41c5f
Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46170
diff
changeset
|
2121 |
25751
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parents:
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|
2122 @defun set-face-foreground face color &optional frame |
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parents:
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|
2123 @defunx set-face-background face color &optional frame |
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parents:
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|
2124 These functions set the foreground (or background, respectively) color |
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parents:
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|
2125 of face @var{face} to @var{color}. The argument @var{color} should be a |
467b88fab665
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2126 string, the name of a color. |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2127 |
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changeset
|
2128 Certain shades of gray are implemented by stipple patterns on |
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|
2129 black-and-white screens. |
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|
2130 @end defun |
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|
2131 |
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changeset
|
2132 @defun set-face-stipple face pattern &optional frame |
42888
04040cfbdf67
(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
42827
diff
changeset
|
2133 This function sets the background stipple pattern of face @var{face} |
04040cfbdf67
(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
42827
diff
changeset
|
2134 to @var{pattern}. The argument @var{pattern} should be the name of a |
04040cfbdf67
(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
42827
diff
changeset
|
2135 stipple pattern defined by the X server, or actual bitmap data |
04040cfbdf67
(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
42827
diff
changeset
|
2136 (@pxref{Face Attributes}), or @code{nil} meaning don't use stipple. |
25751
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|
2137 |
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|
2138 Normally there is no need to pay attention to stipple patterns, because |
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parents:
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|
2139 they are used automatically to handle certain shades of gray. |
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|
2140 @end defun |
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changeset
|
2141 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2142 @defun set-face-font face font &optional frame |
60442
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
2143 This function sets the font of face @var{face}. This actually sets |
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
2144 the attributes @code{:family}, @code{:width}, @code{:height}, |
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
2145 @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} according to the font name |
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
2146 @var{font}. |
25751
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|
2147 @end defun |
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diff
changeset
|
2148 |
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changeset
|
2149 @defun set-face-bold-p face bold-p &optional frame |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2150 This function specifies whether @var{face} should be bold. If |
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2151 @var{bold-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means yes; @code{nil} means no. |
60442
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
2152 This actually sets the @code{:weight} attribute. |
25751
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|
2153 @end defun |
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|
2154 |
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|
2155 @defun set-face-italic-p face italic-p &optional frame |
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diff
changeset
|
2156 This function specifies whether @var{face} should be italic. If |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2157 @var{italic-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means yes; @code{nil} means no. |
60442
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
2158 This actually sets the @code{:slant} attribute. |
25751
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|
2159 @end defun |
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changeset
|
2160 |
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changeset
|
2161 @defun set-face-underline-p face underline-p &optional frame |
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diff
changeset
|
2162 This function sets the underline attribute of face @var{face}. |
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changeset
|
2163 Non-@code{nil} means do underline; @code{nil} means don't. |
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|
2164 @end defun |
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|
2165 |
65073
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2166 @defun set-face-inverse-video-p face inverse-video-p &optional frame |
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2167 This function sets the @code{:inverse-video} attribute of face |
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2168 @var{face}. |
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2169 @end defun |
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2170 |
25751
467b88fab665
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changeset
|
2171 @defun invert-face face &optional frame |
65073
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2172 This function swaps the foreground and background colors of face |
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2173 @var{face}. |
25751
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|
2174 @end defun |
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changeset
|
2175 |
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changeset
|
2176 These functions examine the attributes of a face. If you don't |
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diff
changeset
|
2177 specify @var{frame}, they refer to the default data for new frames. |
25875 | 2178 They return the symbol @code{unspecified} if the face doesn't define any |
2179 value for that attribute. | |
25751
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changeset
|
2180 |
46245
fb42c0446cbf
Update face-foreground and face-background to mention INHERIT parameter.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46240
diff
changeset
|
2181 @defun face-foreground face &optional frame inherit |
65073
408e294257ab
(Attribute Functions): Add set-face-inverse-video-p.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
64921
diff
changeset
|
2182 @defunx face-background face &optional frame inherit |
25751
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2183 These functions return the foreground color (or background color, |
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2184 respectively) of face @var{face}, as a string. |
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2185 |
54777 | 2186 If @var{inherit} is @code{nil}, only a color directly defined by the face is |
2187 returned. If @var{inherit} is non-@code{nil}, any faces specified by its | |
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2188 @code{:inherit} attribute are considered as well, and if @var{inherit} |
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2189 is a face or a list of faces, then they are also considered, until a |
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2190 specified color is found. To ensure that the return value is always |
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2191 specified, use a value of @code{default} for @var{inherit}. |
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2192 @end defun |
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2193 |
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2194 @defun face-stipple face &optional frame inherit |
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2195 This function returns the name of the background stipple pattern of face |
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2196 @var{face}, or @code{nil} if it doesn't have one. |
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2197 |
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2198 If @var{inherit} is @code{nil}, only a stipple directly defined by the |
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2199 face is returned. If @var{inherit} is non-@code{nil}, any faces |
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2200 specified by its @code{:inherit} attribute are considered as well, and |
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2201 if @var{inherit} is a face or a list of faces, then they are also |
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2202 considered, until a specified stipple is found. To ensure that the |
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2203 return value is always specified, use a value of @code{default} for |
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2204 @var{inherit}. |
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2205 @end defun |
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2206 |
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2207 @defun face-font face &optional frame |
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2208 This function returns the name of the font of face @var{face}. |
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2209 @end defun |
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2210 |
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2211 @defun face-bold-p face &optional frame |
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2212 This function returns @code{t} if @var{face} is bold---that is, if it is |
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2213 bolder than normal. It returns @code{nil} otherwise. |
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2214 @end defun |
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2215 |
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2216 @defun face-italic-p face &optional frame |
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2217 This function returns @code{t} if @var{face} is italic or oblique, |
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2218 @code{nil} otherwise. |
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2219 @end defun |
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2220 |
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2221 @defun face-underline-p face &optional frame |
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2222 This function returns the @code{:underline} attribute of face @var{face}. |
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2223 @end defun |
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2224 |
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2225 @defun face-inverse-video-p face &optional frame |
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2226 This function returns the @code{:inverse-video} attribute of face @var{face}. |
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2227 @end defun |
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2228 |
59277
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2229 @node Displaying Faces |
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2230 @subsection Displaying Faces |
6598 | 2231 |
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2232 Here are the ways to specify which faces to use for display of text: |
6598 | 2233 |
2234 @itemize @bullet | |
2235 @item | |
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2236 With defaults. The @code{default} face is used as the ultimate |
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2237 default for all text. (In Emacs 19 and 20, the @code{default} |
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2238 face is used only when no other face is specified.) |
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2239 |
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2240 @item |
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2241 For a mode line or header line, the face @code{mode-line} or |
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2242 @code{mode-line-inactive}, or @code{header-line}, is merged in just |
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2243 before @code{default}. |
6598 | 2244 |
2245 @item | |
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2246 With text properties. A character can have a @code{face} property; if |
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2247 so, the faces and face attributes specified there apply. @xref{Special |
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2248 Properties}. |
6598 | 2249 |
2250 If the character has a @code{mouse-face} property, that is used instead | |
2251 of the @code{face} property when the mouse is ``near enough'' to the | |
2252 character. | |
2253 | |
2254 @item | |
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2255 With overlays. An overlay can have @code{face} and @code{mouse-face} |
6598 | 2256 properties too; they apply to all the text covered by the overlay. |
2257 | |
2258 @item | |
12098 | 2259 With a region that is active. In Transient Mark mode, the region is |
65075
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2260 highlighted with the face @code{region} (@pxref{Standard Faces,,, |
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2261 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). |
12098 | 2262 |
2263 @item | |
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2264 With special glyphs. Each glyph can specify a particular face |
6598 | 2265 number. @xref{Glyphs}. |
2266 @end itemize | |
2267 | |
2268 If these various sources together specify more than one face for a | |
2269 particular character, Emacs merges the attributes of the various faces | |
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2270 specified. For each attribute, Emacs tries first the face of any |
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2271 special glyph; then the face for region highlighting, if appropriate; |
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2272 then the faces specified by overlays, followed by those specified by |
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2273 text properties, then the @code{mode-line} or |
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2274 @code{mode-line-inactive} or @code{header-line} face (if in a mode |
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2275 line or a header line), and last the @code{default} face. |
6598 | 2276 |
2277 When multiple overlays cover one character, an overlay with higher | |
2278 priority overrides those with lower priority. @xref{Overlays}. | |
2279 | |
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2280 @node Font Selection |
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2281 @subsection Font Selection |
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2282 |
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2283 @dfn{Selecting a font} means mapping the specified face attributes for |
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2284 a character to a font that is available on a particular display. The |
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2285 face attributes, as determined by face merging, specify most of the |
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2286 font choice, but not all. Part of the choice depends on what character |
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2287 it is. |
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2288 |
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2289 If the face specifies a fontset name, that fontset determines a |
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2290 pattern for fonts of the given charset. If the face specifies a font |
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2291 family, a font pattern is constructed. |
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2292 |
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2293 Emacs tries to find an available font for the given face attributes |
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2294 and character's registry and encoding. If there is a font that matches |
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2295 exactly, it is used, of course. The hard case is when no available font |
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2296 exactly fits the specification. Then Emacs looks for one that is |
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2297 ``close''---one attribute at a time. You can specify the order to |
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2298 consider the attributes. In the case where a specified font family is |
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2299 not available, you can specify a set of mappings for alternatives to |
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2300 try. |
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2301 |
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2302 @defvar face-font-selection-order |
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2303 @tindex face-font-selection-order |
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2304 This variable specifies the order of importance of the face attributes |
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2305 @code{:width}, @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant}. The |
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2306 value should be a list containing those four symbols, in order of |
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2307 decreasing importance. |
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2308 |
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2309 Font selection first finds the best available matches for the first |
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2310 attribute listed; then, among the fonts which are best in that way, it |
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2311 searches for the best matches in the second attribute, and so on. |
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2312 |
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2313 The attributes @code{:weight} and @code{:width} have symbolic values in |
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2314 a range centered around @code{normal}. Matches that are more extreme |
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2315 (farther from @code{normal}) are somewhat preferred to matches that are |
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2316 less extreme (closer to @code{normal}); this is designed to ensure that |
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2317 non-normal faces contrast with normal ones, whenever possible. |
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2318 |
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2319 The default is @code{(:width :height :weight :slant)}, which means first |
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2320 find the fonts closest to the specified @code{:width}, then---among the |
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2321 fonts with that width---find a best match for the specified font height, |
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2322 and so on. |
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2323 |
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2324 One example of a case where this variable makes a difference is when the |
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2325 default font has no italic equivalent. With the default ordering, the |
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2326 @code{italic} face will use a non-italic font that is similar to the |
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2327 default one. But if you put @code{:slant} before @code{:height}, the |
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2328 @code{italic} face will use an italic font, even if its height is not |
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2329 quite right. |
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2330 @end defvar |
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2331 |
33373 | 2332 @defvar face-font-family-alternatives |
2333 @tindex face-font-family-alternatives | |
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2334 This variable lets you specify alternative font families to try, if a |
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2335 given family is specified and doesn't exist. Each element should have |
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2336 this form: |
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2337 |
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2338 @example |
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2339 (@var{family} @var{alternate-families}@dots{}) |
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2340 @end example |
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2341 |
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2342 If @var{family} is specified but not available, Emacs will try the other |
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2343 families given in @var{alternate-families}, one by one, until it finds a |
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2344 family that does exist. |
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2345 @end defvar |
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2346 |
33373 | 2347 @defvar face-font-registry-alternatives |
2348 @tindex face-font-registry-alternatives | |
2349 This variable lets you specify alternative font registries to try, if a | |
2350 given registry is specified and doesn't exist. Each element should have | |
2351 this form: | |
2352 | |
2353 @example | |
2354 (@var{registry} @var{alternate-registries}@dots{}) | |
2355 @end example | |
2356 | |
2357 If @var{registry} is specified but not available, Emacs will try the | |
2358 other registries given in @var{alternate-registries}, one by one, | |
2359 until it finds a registry that does exist. | |
2360 @end defvar | |
2361 | |
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2362 Emacs can make use of scalable fonts, but by default it does not use |
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2363 them, since the use of too many or too big scalable fonts can crash |
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2364 XFree86 servers. |
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2365 |
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2366 @defvar scalable-fonts-allowed |
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2367 @tindex scalable-fonts-allowed |
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2368 This variable controls which scalable fonts to use. A value of |
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2369 @code{nil}, the default, means do not use scalable fonts. @code{t} |
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2370 means to use any scalable font that seems appropriate for the text. |
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2371 |
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2372 Otherwise, the value must be a list of regular expressions. Then a |
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2373 scalable font is enabled for use if its name matches any regular |
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2374 expression in the list. For example, |
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2375 |
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2376 @example |
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2377 (setq scalable-fonts-allowed '("muleindian-2$")) |
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2378 @end example |
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2379 |
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2380 @noindent |
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2381 allows the use of scalable fonts with registry @code{muleindian-2}. |
26698
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2382 @end defvar |
25751
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2383 |
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2384 @defun clear-face-cache &optional unload-p |
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2385 @tindex clear-face-cache |
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2386 This function clears the face cache for all frames. |
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2387 If @var{unload-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means to unload |
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2388 all unused fonts as well. |
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2389 @end defun |
6598 | 2390 |
52002
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2391 @defvar face-font-rescale-alist |
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2392 This variable specifies scaling for certain faces. Its value should |
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2393 be a list of elements of the form |
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2394 |
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2395 @example |
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2396 (@var{fontname-regexp} . @var{scale-factor}) |
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2397 @end example |
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2398 |
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2399 If @var{fontname-regexp} matches the font name that is about to be |
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2400 used, this says to choose a larger similar font according to the |
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2401 factor @var{scale-factor}. You would use this feature to normalize |
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2402 the font size if certain fonts are bigger or smaller than their |
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2403 nominal heights and widths would suggest. |
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2404 @end defvar |
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2405 |
6598 | 2406 @node Face Functions |
2407 @subsection Functions for Working with Faces | |
2408 | |
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2409 Here are additional functions for creating and working with faces. |
6598 | 2410 |
2411 @defun make-face name | |
2412 This function defines a new face named @var{name}, initially with all | |
2413 attributes @code{nil}. It does nothing if there is already a face named | |
2414 @var{name}. | |
2415 @end defun | |
2416 | |
2417 @defun face-list | |
2418 This function returns a list of all defined face names. | |
2419 @end defun | |
2420 | |
2421 @defun copy-face old-face new-name &optional frame new-frame | |
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2422 This function defines a face named @var{new-name} as a copy of the existing |
6598 | 2423 face named @var{old-face}. It creates the face @var{new-name} if that |
2424 doesn't already exist. | |
2425 | |
2426 If the optional argument @var{frame} is given, this function applies | |
2427 only to that frame. Otherwise it applies to each frame individually, | |
2428 copying attributes from @var{old-face} in each frame to @var{new-face} | |
2429 in the same frame. | |
2430 | |
2431 If the optional argument @var{new-frame} is given, then @code{copy-face} | |
2432 copies the attributes of @var{old-face} in @var{frame} to @var{new-name} | |
2433 in @var{new-frame}. | |
2434 @end defun | |
2435 | |
12098 | 2436 @defun face-id face |
21682
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2437 This function returns the face number of face @var{face}. |
6598 | 2438 @end defun |
2439 | |
22138
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2440 @defun face-documentation face |
21007
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2441 This function returns the documentation string of face @var{face}, or |
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2442 @code{nil} if none was specified for it. |
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2443 @end defun |
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2444 |
6598 | 2445 @defun face-equal face1 face2 &optional frame |
2446 This returns @code{t} if the faces @var{face1} and @var{face2} have the | |
2447 same attributes for display. | |
2448 @end defun | |
2449 | |
2450 @defun face-differs-from-default-p face &optional frame | |
55899
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2451 This returns non-@code{nil} if the face @var{face} displays |
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2452 differently from the default face. |
22252
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2453 @end defun |
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2454 |
63659
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2455 @cindex face alias |
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2456 A @dfn{face alias} provides an equivalent name for a face. You can |
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2457 define a face alias by giving the alias symbol the @code{face-alias} |
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2458 property, with a value of the target face name. The following example |
63734
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2459 makes @code{modeline} an alias for the @code{mode-line} face. |
63659
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2460 |
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2461 @example |
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2462 (put 'modeline 'face-alias 'mode-line) |
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2463 @end example |
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2464 |
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2465 |
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2466 @node Auto Faces |
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2467 @subsection Automatic Face Assignment |
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2468 @cindex automatic face assignment |
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2469 @cindex faces, automatic choice |
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2470 |
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2471 @cindex Font-Lock mode |
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2472 This hook is used for automatically assigning faces to text in the |
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2473 buffer. It is part of the implementation of Font-Lock mode. |
25751
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2474 |
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2475 @tindex fontification-functions |
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2476 @defvar fontification-functions |
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2477 This variable holds a list of functions that are called by Emacs |
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2478 redisplay as needed to assign faces automatically to text in the buffer. |
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2479 |
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2480 The functions are called in the order listed, with one argument, a |
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2481 buffer position @var{pos}. Each function should attempt to assign faces |
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2482 to the text in the current buffer starting at @var{pos}. |
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2483 |
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2484 Each function should record the faces they assign by setting the |
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2485 @code{face} property. It should also add a non-@code{nil} |
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2486 @code{fontified} property for all the text it has assigned faces to. |
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2487 That property tells redisplay that faces have been assigned to that text |
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2488 already. |
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2489 |
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2490 It is probably a good idea for each function to do nothing if the |
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2491 character after @var{pos} already has a non-@code{nil} @code{fontified} |
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2492 property, but this is not required. If one function overrides the |
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2493 assignments made by a previous one, the properties as they are |
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2494 after the last function finishes are the ones that really matter. |
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2495 |
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2496 For efficiency, we recommend writing these functions so that they |
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2497 usually assign faces to around 400 to 600 characters at each call. |
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2498 @end defvar |
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2499 |
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2500 @node Font Lookup |
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2501 @subsection Looking Up Fonts |
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2502 |
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2503 @defun x-list-fonts pattern &optional face frame maximum |
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2504 This function returns a list of available font names that match |
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2505 @var{pattern}. If the optional arguments @var{face} and @var{frame} are |
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2506 specified, then the list is limited to fonts that are the same size as |
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2507 @var{face} currently is on @var{frame}. |
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2508 |
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2509 The argument @var{pattern} should be a string, perhaps with wildcard |
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2510 characters: the @samp{*} character matches any substring, and the |
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2511 @samp{?} character matches any single character. Pattern matching |
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2512 of font names ignores case. |
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2513 |
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2514 If you specify @var{face} and @var{frame}, @var{face} should be a face name |
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2515 (a symbol) and @var{frame} should be a frame. |
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2516 |
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2517 The optional argument @var{maximum} sets a limit on how many fonts to |
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2518 return. If this is non-@code{nil}, then the return value is truncated |
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2519 after the first @var{maximum} matching fonts. Specifying a small value |
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2520 for @var{maximum} can make this function much faster, in cases where |
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2521 many fonts match the pattern. |
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2522 @end defun |
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2523 |
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2524 @defun x-family-fonts &optional family frame |
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2525 @tindex x-family-fonts |
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2526 This function returns a list describing the available fonts for family |
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2527 @var{family} on @var{frame}. If @var{family} is omitted or @code{nil}, |
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2528 this list applies to all families, and therefore, it contains all |
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2529 available fonts. Otherwise, @var{family} must be a string; it may |
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2530 contain the wildcards @samp{?} and @samp{*}. |
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2531 |
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2532 The list describes the display that @var{frame} is on; if @var{frame} is |
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2533 omitted or @code{nil}, it applies to the selected frame's display |
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2534 (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
25751
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2535 |
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2536 The list contains a vector of the following form for each font: |
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2537 |
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2538 @example |
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2539 [@var{family} @var{width} @var{point-size} @var{weight} @var{slant} |
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2540 @var{fixed-p} @var{full} @var{registry-and-encoding}] |
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2541 @end example |
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2542 |
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2543 The first five elements correspond to face attributes; if you |
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2544 specify these attributes for a face, it will use this font. |
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2545 |
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2546 The last three elements give additional information about the font. |
51652
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Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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2547 @var{fixed-p} is non-@code{nil} if the font is fixed-pitch. |
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2548 @var{full} is the full name of the font, and |
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Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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2549 @var{registry-and-encoding} is a string giving the registry and |
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|
2550 encoding of the font. |
25751
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2551 |
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2552 The result list is sorted according to the current face font sort order. |
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2553 @end defun |
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2554 |
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2555 @defun x-font-family-list &optional frame |
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2556 @tindex x-font-family-list |
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2557 This function returns a list of the font families available for |
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2558 @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, it |
39404
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|
2559 describes the selected frame's display (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
25751
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2560 |
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2561 The value is a list of elements of this form: |
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2562 |
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2563 @example |
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2564 (@var{family} . @var{fixed-p}) |
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2565 @end example |
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2566 |
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2567 @noindent |
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2568 Here @var{family} is a font family, and @var{fixed-p} is |
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2569 non-@code{nil} if fonts of that family are fixed-pitch. |
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2570 @end defun |
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|
2571 |
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|
2572 @defvar font-list-limit |
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|
2573 @tindex font-list-limit |
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2574 This variable specifies maximum number of fonts to consider in font |
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2575 matching. The function @code{x-family-fonts} will not return more than |
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2576 that many fonts, and font selection will consider only that many fonts |
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|
2577 when searching a matching font for face attributes. The default is |
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|
2578 currently 100. |
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|
2579 @end defvar |
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|
2580 |
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|
2581 @node Fontsets |
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|
2582 @subsection Fontsets |
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2583 |
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2584 A @dfn{fontset} is a list of fonts, each assigned to a range of |
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2585 character codes. An individual font cannot display the whole range of |
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2586 characters that Emacs supports, but a fontset can. Fontsets have names, |
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2587 just as fonts do, and you can use a fontset name in place of a font name |
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2588 when you specify the ``font'' for a frame or a face. Here is |
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2589 information about defining a fontset under Lisp program control. |
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|
2590 |
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|
2591 @defun create-fontset-from-fontset-spec fontset-spec &optional style-variant-p noerror |
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|
2592 This function defines a new fontset according to the specification |
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|
2593 string @var{fontset-spec}. The string should have this format: |
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|
2594 |
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|
2595 @smallexample |
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|
2596 @var{fontpattern}, @r{[}@var{charsetname}:@var{fontname}@r{]@dots{}} |
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|
2597 @end smallexample |
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|
2598 |
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|
2599 @noindent |
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|
2600 Whitespace characters before and after the commas are ignored. |
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2601 |
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|
2602 The first part of the string, @var{fontpattern}, should have the form of |
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2603 a standard X font name, except that the last two fields should be |
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|
2604 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}. |
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2605 |
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|
2606 The new fontset has two names, one long and one short. The long name is |
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|
2607 @var{fontpattern} in its entirety. The short name is |
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|
2608 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}. You can refer to the fontset by either |
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2609 name. If a fontset with the same name already exists, an error is |
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2610 signaled, unless @var{noerror} is non-@code{nil}, in which case this |
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|
2611 function does nothing. |
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|
2612 |
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2613 If optional argument @var{style-variant-p} is non-@code{nil}, that says |
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|
2614 to create bold, italic and bold-italic variants of the fontset as well. |
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|
2615 These variant fontsets do not have a short name, only a long one, which |
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|
2616 is made by altering @var{fontpattern} to indicate the bold or italic |
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|
2617 status. |
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|
2618 |
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|
2619 The specification string also says which fonts to use in the fontset. |
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|
2620 See below for the details. |
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|
2621 @end defun |
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2622 |
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|
2623 The construct @samp{@var{charset}:@var{font}} specifies which font to |
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|
2624 use (in this fontset) for one particular character set. Here, |
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|
2625 @var{charset} is the name of a character set, and @var{font} is the font |
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|
2626 to use for that character set. You can use this construct any number of |
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|
2627 times in the specification string. |
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changeset
|
2628 |
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|
2629 For the remaining character sets, those that you don't specify |
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|
2630 explicitly, Emacs chooses a font based on @var{fontpattern}: it replaces |
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|
2631 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} with a value that names one character set. |
52978
1a5c50faf357
Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2632 For the @acronym{ASCII} character set, @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} is replaced |
25751
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|
2633 with @samp{ISO8859-1}. |
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|
2634 |
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|
2635 In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs |
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|
2636 collapses them into a single wildcard. This is to prevent use of |
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|
2637 auto-scaled fonts. Fonts made by scaling larger fonts are not usable |
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|
2638 for editing, and scaling a smaller font is not useful because it is |
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parents:
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|
2639 better to use the smaller font in its own size, which Emacs does. |
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parents:
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|
2640 |
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|
2641 Thus if @var{fontpattern} is this, |
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parents:
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|
2642 |
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|
2643 @example |
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|
2644 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24 |
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parents:
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|
2645 @end example |
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|
2646 |
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|
2647 @noindent |
52978
1a5c50faf357
Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52940
diff
changeset
|
2648 the font specification for @acronym{ASCII} characters would be this: |
25751
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|
2649 |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2650 @example |
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|
2651 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1 |
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|
2652 @end example |
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parents:
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|
2653 |
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changeset
|
2654 @noindent |
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|
2655 and the font specification for Chinese GB2312 characters would be this: |
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|
2656 |
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changeset
|
2657 @example |
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|
2658 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-* |
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|
2659 @end example |
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|
2660 |
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parents:
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|
2661 You may not have any Chinese font matching the above font |
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parents:
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|
2662 specification. Most X distributions include only Chinese fonts that |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2663 have @samp{song ti} or @samp{fangsong ti} in the @var{family} field. In |
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parents:
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|
2664 such a case, @samp{Fontset-@var{n}} can be specified as below: |
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|
2665 |
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changeset
|
2666 @smallexample |
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|
2667 Emacs.Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24,\ |
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|
2668 chinese-gb2312:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-* |
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parents:
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|
2669 @end smallexample |
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changeset
|
2670 |
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changeset
|
2671 @noindent |
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|
2672 Then, the font specifications for all but Chinese GB2312 characters have |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2673 @samp{fixed} in the @var{family} field, and the font specification for |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2674 Chinese GB2312 characters has a wild card @samp{*} in the @var{family} |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2675 field. |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2676 |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2677 @defun set-fontset-font name character fontname &optional frame |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2678 This function modifies the existing fontset @var{name} to |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2679 use the font name @var{fontname} for the character @var{character}. |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2680 |
52940
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2681 If @var{name} is @code{nil}, this function modifies the default |
54023 | 2682 fontset, whose short name is @samp{fontset-default}. |
52940
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2683 |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2684 @var{character} may be a cons; @code{(@var{from} . @var{to})}, where |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2685 @var{from} and @var{to} are non-generic characters. In that case, use |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2686 @var{fontname} for all characters in the range @var{from} and @var{to} |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2687 (inclusive). |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2688 |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2689 @var{character} may be a charset. In that case, use |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2690 @var{fontname} for all character in the charsets. |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2691 |
52940
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2692 @var{fontname} may be a cons; @code{(@var{family} . @var{registry})}, |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2693 where @var{family} is a family name of a font (possibly including a |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2694 foundry name at the head), @var{registry} is a registry name of a font |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2695 (possibly including an encoding name at the tail). |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2696 |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2697 For instance, this changes the default fontset to use a font of which |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2698 registry name is @samp{JISX0208.1983} for all characters belonging to |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2699 the charset @code{japanese-jisx0208}. |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2700 |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63134
diff
changeset
|
2701 @smallexample |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2702 (set-fontset-font nil 'japanese-jisx0208 '(nil . "JISX0208.1983")) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63134
diff
changeset
|
2703 @end smallexample |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2704 @end defun |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2705 |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2706 @defun char-displayable-p char |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2707 This function returns @code{t} if Emacs ought to be able to display |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2708 @var{char}. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has a |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2709 font to display the character set that @var{char} belongs to. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2710 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2711 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2712 does that, this function's value may not be accurate. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2713 @end defun |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2714 |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2715 @node Fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2716 @section Fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2717 @cindex Fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2718 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2719 The @dfn{fringes} of a window are thin vertical strips down the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2720 sides that are used for displaying bitmaps that indicate truncation, |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2721 continuation, horizontal scrolling, and the overlay arrow. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2722 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2723 @menu |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2724 * Fringe Size/Pos:: Specifying where to put the window fringes. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2725 * Fringe Bitmaps:: Displaying bitmaps in the window fringes. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2726 * Customizing Bitmaps:: Specifying your own bitmaps to use in the fringes. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2727 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2728 @end menu |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2729 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2730 @node Fringe Size/Pos |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2731 @subsection Fringe Size and Position |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2732 |
65799
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2733 The following buffer-local variables control the position and width |
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2734 of the window fringes. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2735 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2736 @defvar fringes-outside-margins |
65799
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2737 The fringes normally appear between the display margins and the window |
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2738 text. If the value is non-@code{nil}, they appear outside the display |
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2739 margins. @xref{Display Margins}. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2740 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2741 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2742 @defvar left-fringe-width |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2743 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the width of the left |
65799
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2744 fringe in pixels. A value of @code{nil} means to use the left fringe |
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2745 width from the window's frame. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2746 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2747 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2748 @defvar right-fringe-width |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2749 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the width of the right |
65799
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2750 fringe in pixels. A value of @code{nil} means to use the right fringe |
2d967531d264
(Fringe Size/Pos): Simplify and add detail.
Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz>
parents:
65740
diff
changeset
|
2751 width from the window's frame. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2752 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2753 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2754 The values of these variables take effect when you display the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2755 buffer in a window. If you change them while the buffer is visible, |
54023 | 2756 you can call @code{set-window-buffer} to display it once again in the |
2757 same window, to make the changes take effect. | |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2758 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2759 @defun set-window-fringes window left &optional right outside-margins |
54023 | 2760 This function sets the fringe widths of window @var{window}. |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2761 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2762 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2763 The argument @var{left} specifies the width in pixels of the left |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2764 fringe, and likewise @var{right} for the right fringe. A value of |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2765 @code{nil} for either one stands for the default width. If |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2766 @var{outside-margins} is non-@code{nil}, that specifies that fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2767 should appear outside of the display margins. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2768 @end defun |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2769 |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2770 @defun window-fringes &optional window |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2771 This function returns information about the fringes of a window |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2772 @var{window}. If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, the selected |
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2773 window is used. The value has the form @code{(@var{left-width} |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2774 @var{right-width} @var{outside-margins})}. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2775 @end defun |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2776 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2777 @defvar overflow-newline-into-fringe |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2778 If this is non-@code{nil}, lines exactly as wide as the window (not |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2779 counting the final newline character) are not continued. Instead, |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2780 when point is at the end of the line, the cursor appears in the right |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2781 fringe. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2782 @end defvar |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2783 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2784 @node Fringe Bitmaps |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2785 @subsection Fringe Bitmaps |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2786 @cindex fringe bitmaps |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2787 @cindex bitmaps, fringe |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2788 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2789 The @dfn{fringe bitmaps} are tiny icons Emacs displays in the window |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2790 fringe (on a graphic display) to indicate truncated or continued |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2791 lines, buffer boundaries, overlay arrow, etc. The fringe bitmaps are |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2792 shared by all frames and windows. You can redefine the built-in |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2793 fringe bitmaps, and you can define new fringe bitmaps. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2794 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2795 The way to display a bitmap in the left or right fringes for a given |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2796 line in a window is by specifying the @code{display} property for one |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2797 of the characters that appears in it. Use a display specification of |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2798 the form @code{(left-fringe @var{bitmap} [@var{face}])} or |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2799 @code{(right-fringe @var{bitmap} [@var{face}])} (@pxref{Display |
60958
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2800 Property}). Here, @var{bitmap} is a symbol identifying the bitmap you |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2801 want, and @var{face} (which is optional) is the name of the face whose |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2802 colors should be used for displaying the bitmap, instead of the |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2803 default @code{fringe} face. @var{face} is automatically merged with |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2804 the @code{fringe} face, so normally @var{face} need only specify the |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2805 foreground color for the bitmap. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2806 |
63733
7cbe9f7cc3cc
(Face Functions): Correct Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63691
diff
changeset
|
2807 These symbols identify the standard fringe bitmaps. Evaluate |
7cbe9f7cc3cc
(Face Functions): Correct Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63691
diff
changeset
|
2808 @code{(require 'fringe)} to define them. Fringe bitmap symbols have |
7cbe9f7cc3cc
(Face Functions): Correct Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63691
diff
changeset
|
2809 their own name space. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2810 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2811 @table @asis |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2812 @item Truncation and continuation line bitmaps: |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2813 @code{left-truncation}, @code{right-truncation}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2814 @code{continued-line}, @code{continuation-line}. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2815 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2816 @item Buffer indication bitmaps: |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2817 @code{up-arrow}, @code{down-arrow}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2818 @code{top-left-angle}, @code{top-right-angle}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2819 @code{bottom-left-angle}, @code{bottom-right-angle}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2820 @code{left-bracket}, @code{right-bracket}. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2821 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2822 @item Empty line indication bitmap: |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2823 @code{empty-line}. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2824 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2825 @item Overlay arrow bitmap: |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2826 @code{overlay-arrow}. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2827 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2828 @item Bitmaps for displaying the cursor in right fringe: |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2829 @code{filled-box-cursor}, @code{hollow-box-cursor}, @code{hollow-square}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2830 @code{bar-cursor}, @code{hbar-cursor}. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2831 @end table |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2832 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2833 @defun fringe-bitmaps-at-pos &optional pos window |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2834 This function returns the fringe bitmaps of the display line |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2835 containing position @var{pos} in window @var{window}. The return |
57331
c02ec4a1158e
(Fringe Bitmaps): Update fringe-bitmaps-at-pos.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57274
diff
changeset
|
2836 value has the form @code{(@var{left} @var{right} @var{ov})}, where @var{left} |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2837 is the symbol for the fringe bitmap in the left fringe (or @code{nil} |
57331
c02ec4a1158e
(Fringe Bitmaps): Update fringe-bitmaps-at-pos.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57274
diff
changeset
|
2838 if no bitmap), @var{right} is similar for the right fringe, and @var{ov} |
c02ec4a1158e
(Fringe Bitmaps): Update fringe-bitmaps-at-pos.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57274
diff
changeset
|
2839 is non-@code{nil} if there is an overlay arrow in the left fringe. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2840 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2841 The value is @code{nil} if @var{pos} is not visible in @var{window}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2842 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, that stands for the selected window. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2843 If @var{pos} is @code{nil}, that stands for the value of point in |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2844 @var{window}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2845 @end defun |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2846 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2847 @node Customizing Bitmaps |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2848 @subsection Customizing Fringe Bitmaps |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2849 |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2850 @defun define-fringe-bitmap bitmap bits &optional height width align |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2851 This function defines the symbol @var{bitmap} as a new fringe bitmap, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2852 or replaces an existing bitmap with that name. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2853 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2854 The argument @var{bits} specifies the image to use. It should be |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2855 either a string or a vector of integers, where each element (an |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2856 integer) corresponds to one row of the bitmap. Each bit of an integer |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2857 corresponds to one pixel of the bitmap, where the low bit corresponds |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2858 to the rightmost pixel of the bitmap. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2859 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2860 The height is normally the length of @var{bits}. However, you |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2861 can specify a different height with non-@code{nil} @var{height}. The width |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2862 is normally 8, but you can specify a different width with non-@code{nil} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2863 @var{width}. The width must be an integer between 1 and 16. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2864 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2865 The argument @var{align} specifies the positioning of the bitmap |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2866 relative to the range of rows where it is used; the default is to |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2867 center the bitmap. The allowed values are @code{top}, @code{center}, |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2868 or @code{bottom}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2869 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2870 The @var{align} argument may also be a list @code{(@var{align} |
57225 | 2871 @var{periodic})} where @var{align} is interpreted as described above. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2872 If @var{periodic} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies that the rows in |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2873 @code{bits} should be repeated enough times to reach the specified |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2874 height. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2875 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2876 The return value on success is an integer identifying the new bitmap. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2877 You should save that integer in a variable so it can be used to select |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2878 this bitmap. |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2879 |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2880 This function signals an error if there are no more free bitmap slots. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2881 @end defun |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2882 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2883 @defun destroy-fringe-bitmap bitmap |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2884 This function destroy the fringe bitmap identified by @var{bitmap}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2885 If @var{bitmap} identifies a standard fringe bitmap, it actually |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2886 restores the standard definition of that bitmap, instead of |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2887 eliminating it entirely. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2888 @end defun |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2889 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2890 @defun set-fringe-bitmap-face bitmap &optional face |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2891 This sets the face for the fringe bitmap @var{bitmap} to @var{face}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2892 If @var{face} is @code{nil}, it selects the @code{fringe} face. The |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2893 bitmap's face controls the color to draw it in. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2894 |
60958
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2895 @var{face} is merged with the @code{fringe} face, so normally |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2896 @var{face} should specify only the foreground color. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2897 @end defun |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2898 |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2899 @node Overlay Arrow |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2900 @subsection The Overlay Arrow |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2901 @cindex overlay arrow |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2902 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2903 The @dfn{overlay arrow} is useful for directing the user's attention |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2904 to a particular line in a buffer. For example, in the modes used for |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2905 interface to debuggers, the overlay arrow indicates the line of code |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2906 about to be executed. This feature has nothing to do with |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2907 @dfn{overlays} (@pxref{Overlays}). |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2908 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2909 @defvar overlay-arrow-string |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2910 This variable holds the string to display to call attention to a |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2911 particular line, or @code{nil} if the arrow feature is not in use. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2912 On a graphical display the contents of the string are ignored; instead a |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2913 glyph is displayed in the fringe area to the left of the display area. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2914 @end defvar |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2915 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2916 @defvar overlay-arrow-position |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2917 This variable holds a marker that indicates where to display the overlay |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2918 arrow. It should point at the beginning of a line. On a non-graphical |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2919 display the arrow text |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2920 appears at the beginning of that line, overlaying any text that would |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2921 otherwise appear. Since the arrow is usually short, and the line |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2922 usually begins with indentation, normally nothing significant is |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2923 overwritten. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2924 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2925 The overlay string is displayed only in the buffer that this marker |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2926 points into. Thus, only one buffer can have an overlay arrow at any |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2927 given time. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2928 @c !!! overlay-arrow-position: but the overlay string may remain in the display |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2929 @c of some other buffer until an update is required. This should be fixed |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2930 @c now. Is it? |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2931 @end defvar |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2932 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2933 You can do a similar job by creating an overlay with a |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2934 @code{before-string} property. @xref{Overlay Properties}. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2935 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2936 You can define multiple overlay arrows via the variable |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2937 @code{overlay-arrow-variable-list}. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2938 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2939 @defvar overlay-arrow-variable-list |
61980
f3d536670495
Fix typos and Texinfo usage.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61972
diff
changeset
|
2940 This variable's value is a list of variables, each of which specifies |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2941 the position of an overlay arrow. The variable |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2942 @code{overlay-arrow-position} has its normal meaning because it is on |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2943 this list. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2944 @end defvar |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2945 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2946 Each variable on this list can have properties |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2947 @code{overlay-arrow-string} and @code{overlay-arrow-bitmap} that |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2948 specify an overlay arrow string (for text-only terminals) or fringe |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2949 bitmap (for graphical terminals) to display at the corresponding |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2950 overlay arrow position. If either property is not set, the default |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2951 (@code{overlay-arrow-string} or @code{overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap}) is |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2952 used. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
2953 |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2954 @node Scroll Bars |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2955 @section Scroll Bars |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2956 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2957 Normally the frame parameter @code{vertical-scroll-bars} controls |
60958
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2958 whether the windows in the frame have vertical scroll bars, and |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2959 whether they are on the left or right. The frame parameter |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2960 @code{scroll-bar-width} specifies how wide they are (@code{nil} |
64877
573bd827cef9
(Line Height, Scroll Bars): Fix xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64841
diff
changeset
|
2961 meaning the default). @xref{Layout Parameters}. |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2962 |
60958
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2963 @defun frame-current-scroll-bars &optional frame |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2964 This function reports the scroll bar type settings for frame |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2965 @var{frame}. The value is a cons cell |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2966 @code{(@var{vertical-type} .@: @var{horizontal-type})}, where |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2967 @var{vertical-type} is either @code{left}, @code{right}, or @code{nil} |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2968 (which means no scroll bar.) @var{horizontal-type} is meant to |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2969 specify the horizontal scroll bar type, but since they are not |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2970 implemented, it is always @code{nil}. |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2971 @end defun |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
2972 |
58883
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2973 @vindex vertical-scroll-bar |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2974 You can enable or disable scroll bars for a particular buffer, |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2975 by setting the variable @code{vertical-scroll-bar}. This variable |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2976 automatically becomes buffer-local when set. The possible values are |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2977 @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{t}, which means to use the |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2978 frame's default, and @code{nil} for no scroll bar. |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2979 |
eb1bd3031b13
(Display): Add node "Line Height" to menu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58496
diff
changeset
|
2980 You can also control this for individual windows. Call the function |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2981 @code{set-window-scroll-bars} to specify what to do for a specific window: |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2982 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2983 @defun set-window-scroll-bars window width &optional vertical-type horizontal-type |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2984 This function sets the width and type of scroll bars for window |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2985 @var{window}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2986 |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2987 @var{width} specifies the scroll bar width in pixels (@code{nil} means |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2988 use the width specified for the frame). @var{vertical-type} specifies |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2989 whether to have a vertical scroll bar and, if so, where. The possible |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2990 values are @code{left}, @code{right} and @code{nil}, just like the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2991 values of the @code{vertical-scroll-bars} frame parameter. |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2992 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2993 The argument @var{horizontal-type} is meant to specify whether and |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2994 where to have horizontal scroll bars, but since they are not |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2995 implemented, it has no effect. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2996 selected window is used. |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2997 @end defun |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2998 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2999 @defun window-scroll-bars &optional window |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3000 Report the width and type of scroll bars specified for @var{window}. |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
3001 If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
3002 The value is a list of the form @code{(@var{width} |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3003 @var{cols} @var{vertical-type} @var{horizontal-type})}. The value |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3004 @var{width} is the value that was specified for the width (which may |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3005 be @code{nil}); @var{cols} is the number of columns that the scroll |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3006 bar actually occupies. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3007 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3008 @var{horizontal-type} is not actually meaningful. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3009 @end defun |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3010 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3011 If you don't specify these values for a window with |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3012 @code{set-window-scroll-bars}, the buffer-local variables |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3013 @code{scroll-bar-mode} and @code{scroll-bar-width} in the buffer being |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3014 displayed control the window's vertical scroll bars. The function |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3015 @code{set-window-buffer} examines these variables. If you change them |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3016 in a buffer that is already visible in a window, you can make the |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3017 window take note of the new values by calling @code{set-window-buffer} |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3018 specifying the same buffer that is already displayed. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
3019 |
58496
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3020 @defvar scroll-bar-mode |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3021 This variable, always local in all buffers, controls whether and where |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3022 to put scroll bars in windows displaying the buffer. The possible values |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3023 are @code{nil} for no scroll bar, @code{left} to put a scroll bar on |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3024 the left, and @code{right} to put a scroll bar on the right. |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3025 @end defvar |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3026 |
60958
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3027 @defun window-current-scroll-bars &optional window |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3028 This function reports the scroll bar type for window @var{window}. |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3029 If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3030 The value is a cons cell |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3031 @code{(@var{vertical-type} .@: @var{horizontal-type})}. Unlike |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3032 @code{window-scroll-bars}, this reports the scroll bar type actually |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3033 used, once frame defaults and @code{scroll-bar-mode} are taken into |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3034 account. |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3035 @end defun |
85b21e63d5d4
(Standard Faces, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Cleanup previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60868
diff
changeset
|
3036 |
58496
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3037 @defvar scroll-bar-width |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3038 This variable, always local in all buffers, specifies the width of the |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3039 buffer's scroll bars, measured in pixels. A value of @code{nil} means |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3040 to use the value specified by the frame. |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3041 @end defvar |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
3042 |
57201
2950fcfcfa44
Correct various typos.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
57193
diff
changeset
|
3043 @node Pointer Shape |
2950fcfcfa44
Correct various typos.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
57193
diff
changeset
|
3044 @section Pointer Shape |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3045 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3046 Normally, the mouse pointer has the @code{text} shape over text and |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3047 the @code{arrow} shape over window areas which do not correspond to |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3048 any buffer text. You can specify the mouse pointer shape over text or |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3049 images via the @code{pointer} text property, and for images with the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3050 @code{:pointer} and @code{:map} image properties. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3051 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3052 The available pointer shapes are: @code{text} (or @code{nil}), |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3053 @code{arrow}, @code{hand}, @code{vdrag}, @code{hdrag}, |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3054 @code{modeline}, and @code{hourglass}. |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3055 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3056 @defvar void-text-area-pointer |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3057 @tindex void-text-area-pointer |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3058 This variable specifies the mouse pointer shape in void text areas, |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3059 i.e. the areas after the end of a line or below the last line in the |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3060 buffer. The default is to use the @code{arrow} (non-text) pointer. |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3061 @end defvar |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3062 |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3063 @node Display Property |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3064 @section The @code{display} Property |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3065 @cindex display specification |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3066 @kindex display @r{(text property)} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3067 |
25875 | 3068 The @code{display} text property (or overlay property) is used to |
3069 insert images into text, and also control other aspects of how text | |
60442
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
3070 displays. The value of the @code{display} property should be a |
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
3071 display specification, or a list or vector containing several display |
60676
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3072 specifications. |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3073 |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3074 Some kinds of @code{display} properties specify something to display |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3075 instead of the text that has the property. In this case, ``the text'' |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3076 means all the consecutive characters that have the same Lisp object as |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3077 their @code{display} property; these characters are replaced as a |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3078 single unit. By contrast, characters that have similar but distinct |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3079 Lisp objects as their @code{display} properties are handled |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3080 separately. Here's a function that illustrates this point: |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3081 |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63134
diff
changeset
|
3082 @smallexample |
60676
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3083 (defun foo () |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3084 (goto-char (point-min)) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3085 (dotimes (i 5) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3086 (let ((string (concat "A"))) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3087 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) 'display string) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3088 (forward-char 1) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3089 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) 'display string) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3090 (forward-char 1)))) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63134
diff
changeset
|
3091 @end smallexample |
60676
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3092 |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3093 @noindent |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3094 It gives each of the first ten characters in the buffer string |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3095 @code{"A"} as the @code{display} property, but they don't all get the |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3096 same string. The first two characters get the same string, so they |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3097 together are replaced with one @samp{A}. The next two characters get |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3098 a second string, so they together are replaced with one @samp{A}. |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3099 Likewise for each following pair of characters. Thus, the ten |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3100 characters appear as five A's. This function would have the same |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3101 results: |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3102 |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63134
diff
changeset
|
3103 @smallexample |
60676
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3104 (defun foo () |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3105 (goto-char (point-min)) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3106 (dotimes (i 5) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3107 (let ((string (concat "A"))) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3108 (put-text-property (point) (2+ (point)) 'display string) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3109 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point)) 'display string) |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3110 (forward-char 2)))) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63134
diff
changeset
|
3111 @end smallexample |
60676
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3112 |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3113 @noindent |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3114 This illustrates that what matters is the property value for |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3115 each character. If two consecutive characters have the same |
61980
f3d536670495
Fix typos and Texinfo usage.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61972
diff
changeset
|
3116 object as the @code{display} property value, it's irrelevant |
60676
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3117 whether they got this property from a single call to |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3118 @code{put-text-property} or from two different calls. |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3119 |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60509
diff
changeset
|
3120 The rest of this section describes several kinds of |
60442
747b9fc72d5e
(Forcing Redisplay): Get rid of "Emacs 21".
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60218
diff
changeset
|
3121 display specifications and what they mean. |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3122 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3123 @menu |
53467
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
53422
diff
changeset
|
3124 * Specified Space:: Displaying one space with a specified width. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3125 * Pixel Specification:: Specifying space width or height in pixels. |
53467
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
53422
diff
changeset
|
3126 * Other Display Specs:: Displaying an image; magnifying text; moving it |
49600
23a1cea22d13
Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
48948
diff
changeset
|
3127 up or down on the page; adjusting the width |
25875 | 3128 of spaces within text. |
3129 * Display Margins:: Displaying text or images to the side of the main text. | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3130 @end menu |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3131 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3132 @node Specified Space |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3133 @subsection Specified Spaces |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3134 @cindex spaces, specified height or width |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3135 @cindex specified spaces |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3136 @cindex variable-width spaces |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3137 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3138 To display a space of specified width and/or height, use a display |
25875 | 3139 specification of the form @code{(space . @var{props})}, where |
3140 @var{props} is a property list (a list of alternating properties and | |
3141 values). You can put this property on one or more consecutive | |
3142 characters; a space of the specified height and width is displayed in | |
3143 place of @emph{all} of those characters. These are the properties you | |
44281 | 3144 can use in @var{props} to specify the weight of the space: |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3145 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3146 @table @code |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3147 @item :width @var{width} |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3148 If @var{width} is an integer or floating point number, it specifies |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3149 that the space width should be @var{width} times the normal character |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3150 width. @var{width} can also be a @dfn{pixel width} specification |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3151 (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3152 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3153 @item :relative-width @var{factor} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3154 Specifies that the width of the stretch should be computed from the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3155 first character in the group of consecutive characters that have the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3156 same @code{display} property. The space width is the width of that |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3157 character, multiplied by @var{factor}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3158 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3159 @item :align-to @var{hpos} |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3160 Specifies that the space should be wide enough to reach @var{hpos}. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3161 If @var{hpos} is a number, it is measured in units of the normal |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3162 character width. @var{hpos} can also be a @dfn{pixel width} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3163 specification (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3164 @end table |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3165 |
44281 | 3166 You should use one and only one of the above properties. You can |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3167 also specify the height of the space, with these properties: |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3168 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3169 @table @code |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3170 @item :height @var{height} |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3171 Specifies the height of the space. |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3172 If @var{height} is an integer or floating point number, it specifies |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3173 that the space height should be @var{height} times the normal character |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3174 height. The @var{height} may also be a @dfn{pixel height} specification |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3175 (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3176 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3177 @item :relative-height @var{factor} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3178 Specifies the height of the space, multiplying the ordinary height |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3179 of the text having this display specification by @var{factor}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3180 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3181 @item :ascent @var{ascent} |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3182 If the value of @var{ascent} is a non-negative number no greater than |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3183 100, it specifies that @var{ascent} percent of the height of the space |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3184 should be considered as the ascent of the space---that is, the part |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3185 above the baseline. The ascent may also be specified in pixel units |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3186 with a @dfn{pixel ascent} specification (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3187 |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3188 @end table |
467b88fab665
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diff
changeset
|
3189 |
44281 | 3190 Don't use both @code{:height} and @code{:relative-height} together. |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3191 |
60509
b6fee46c2fad
(Specified Space): Property :width is support on
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
60503
diff
changeset
|
3192 The @code{:width} and @code{:align-to} properties are supported on |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3193 non-graphic terminals, but the other space properties in this section |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3194 are not. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3195 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3196 @node Pixel Specification |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3197 @subsection Pixel Specification for Spaces |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3198 @cindex spaces, pixel specification |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3199 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3200 The value of the @code{:width}, @code{:align-to}, @code{:height}, |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3201 and @code{:ascent} properties can be a special kind of expression that |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3202 is evaluated during redisplay. The result of the evaluation is used |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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|
3203 as an absolute number of pixels. |
57193
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|
3204 |
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|
3205 The following expressions are supported: |
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|
3206 |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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|
3207 @smallexample |
57193
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|
3208 @group |
57274
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(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
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|
3209 @var{expr} ::= @var{num} | (@var{num}) | @var{unit} | @var{elem} | @var{pos} | @var{image} | @var{form} |
57221
18bdf278f148
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|
3210 @var{num} ::= @var{integer} | @var{float} | @var{symbol} |
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(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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diff
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|
3211 @var{unit} ::= in | mm | cm | width | height |
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|
3212 @end group |
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|
3213 @group |
57221
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(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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|
3214 @var{elem} ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin |
57193
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|
3215 | scroll-bar | text |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
3216 @var{pos} ::= left | center | right |
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(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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|
3217 @var{form} ::= (@var{num} . @var{expr}) | (@var{op} @var{expr} ...) |
18bdf278f148
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|
3218 @var{op} ::= + | - |
57193
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|
3219 @end group |
63583
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|
3220 @end smallexample |
57193
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|
3221 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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diff
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|
3222 The form @var{num} specifies a fraction of the default frame font |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
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|
3223 height or width. The form @code{(@var{num})} specifies an absolute |
18bdf278f148
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|
3224 number of pixels. If @var{num} is a symbol, @var{symbol}, its |
57193
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|
3225 buffer-local variable binding is used. |
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|
3226 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3227 The @code{in}, @code{mm}, and @code{cm} units specify the number of |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3228 pixels per inch, millimeter, and centimeter, respectively. The |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
3229 @code{width} and @code{height} units correspond to the default width |
57274
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(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
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|
3230 and height of the current face. An image specification @code{image} |
57193
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|
3231 corresponds to the width or height of the image. |
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|
3232 |
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|
3233 The @code{left-fringe}, @code{right-fringe}, @code{left-margin}, |
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|
3234 @code{right-margin}, @code{scroll-bar}, and @code{text} elements |
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|
3235 specify to the width of the corresponding area of the window. |
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|
3236 |
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changeset
|
3237 The @code{left}, @code{center}, and @code{right} positions can be |
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parents:
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|
3238 used with @code{:align-to} to specify a position relative to the left |
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|
3239 edge, center, or right edge of the text area. |
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|
3240 |
57221
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(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
changeset
|
3241 Any of the above window elements (except @code{text}) can also be |
57193
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|
3242 used with @code{:align-to} to specify that the position is relative to |
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parents:
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|
3243 the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for a relative |
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
3244 position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of these |
57225 | 3245 symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as the |
57193
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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changeset
|
3246 width of the specified area. For example, to align to the center of |
714a83d1ea32
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
3247 the left-margin, use |
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|
3248 |
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changeset
|
3249 @example |
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|
3250 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin)) |
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|
3251 @end example |
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|
3252 |
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changeset
|
3253 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative |
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|
3254 to the left edge of the text area. For example, @samp{:align-to 0} in a |
714a83d1ea32
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
3255 header-line aligns with the first text column in the text area. |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3256 |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3257 A value of the form @code{(@var{num} . @var{expr})} stands for the |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3258 product of the values of @var{num} and @var{expr}. For example, |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3259 @code{(2 . in)} specifies a width of 2 inches, while @code{(0.5 . |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3260 @var{image})} specifies half the width (or height) of the specified |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3261 image. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3262 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3263 The form @code{(+ @var{expr} ...)} adds up the value of the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3264 expressions. The form @code{(- @var{expr} ...)} negates or subtracts |
57193
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parents:
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|
3265 the value of the expressions. |
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(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
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parents:
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|
3266 |
25751
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|
3267 @node Other Display Specs |
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|
3268 @subsection Other Display Specifications |
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|
3269 |
57221
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3270 Here are the other sorts of display specifications that you can use |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3271 in the @code{display} text property. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3272 |
25751
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|
3273 @table @code |
60676
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(Display Property): Explain the significance
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3274 @item @var{string} |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3275 Display @var{string} instead of the text that has this property. |
44c74c24feca
(Display Property): Explain the significance
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parents:
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changeset
|
3276 |
25751
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|
3277 @item (image . @var{image-props}) |
63583
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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parents:
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diff
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|
3278 This kind of display specification is an image descriptor (@pxref{Images}). |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3279 When used as a display specification, it means to display the image |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
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|
3280 instead of the text that has the display specification. |
25751
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|
3281 |
57193
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|
3282 @item (slice @var{x} @var{y} @var{width} @var{height}) |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3283 This specification together with @code{image} specifies a @dfn{slice} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3284 (a partial area) of the image to display. The elements @var{y} and |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3285 @var{x} specify the top left corner of the slice, within the image; |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3286 @var{width} and @var{height} specify the width and height of the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3287 slice. Integer values are numbers of pixels. A floating point number |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3288 in the range 0.0--1.0 stands for that fraction of the width or height |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
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|
3289 of the entire image. |
57193
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(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
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diff
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|
3290 |
32467 | 3291 @item ((margin nil) @var{string}) |
3292 @itemx @var{string} | |
3293 A display specification of this form means to display @var{string} | |
3294 instead of the text that has the display specification, at the same | |
3295 position as that text. This is a special case of marginal display | |
3296 (@pxref{Display Margins}). | |
3297 | |
44281 | 3298 Recursive display specifications are not supported---string display |
3299 specifications must not have @code{display} properties themselves. | |
36935 | 3300 |
25751
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|
3301 @item (space-width @var{factor}) |
25875 | 3302 This display specification affects all the space characters within the |
3303 text that has the specification. It displays all of these spaces | |
3304 @var{factor} times as wide as normal. The element @var{factor} should | |
3305 be an integer or float. Characters other than spaces are not affected | |
3306 at all; in particular, this has no effect on tab characters. | |
25751
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|
3307 |
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|
3308 @item (height @var{height}) |
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|
3309 This display specification makes the text taller or shorter. |
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|
3310 Here are the possibilities for @var{height}: |
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|
3311 |
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|
3312 @table @asis |
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3313 @item @code{(+ @var{n})} |
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|
3314 This means to use a font that is @var{n} steps larger. A ``step'' is |
25875 | 3315 defined by the set of available fonts---specifically, those that match |
3316 what was otherwise specified for this text, in all attributes except | |
3317 height. Each size for which a suitable font is available counts as | |
3318 another step. @var{n} should be an integer. | |
25751
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3319 |
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3320 @item @code{(- @var{n})} |
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|
3321 This means to use a font that is @var{n} steps smaller. |
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3322 |
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|
3323 @item a number, @var{factor} |
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|
3324 A number, @var{factor}, means to use a font that is @var{factor} times |
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|
3325 as tall as the default font. |
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|
3326 |
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|
3327 @item a symbol, @var{function} |
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|
3328 A symbol is a function to compute the height. It is called with the |
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|
3329 current height as argument, and should return the new height to use. |
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|
3330 |
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|
3331 @item anything else, @var{form} |
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|
3332 If the @var{height} value doesn't fit the previous possibilities, it is |
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3333 a form. Emacs evaluates it to get the new height, with the symbol |
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3334 @code{height} bound to the current specified font height. |
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3335 @end table |
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3336 |
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3337 @item (raise @var{factor}) |
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3338 This kind of display specification raises or lowers the text |
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3339 it applies to, relative to the baseline of the line. |
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3340 |
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3341 @var{factor} must be a number, which is interpreted as a multiple of the |
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3342 height of the affected text. If it is positive, that means to display |
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3343 the characters raised. If it is negative, that means to display them |
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3344 lower down. |
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3345 |
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3346 If the text also has a @code{height} display specification, that does |
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3347 not affect the amount of raising or lowering, which is based on the |
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3348 faces used for the text. |
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3349 @end table |
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3350 |
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3351 You can make any display specification conditional. To do that, |
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3352 package it in another list of the form @code{(when @var{condition} . |
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3353 @var{spec})}. Then the specification @var{spec} applies only when |
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3354 @var{condition} evaluates to a non-@code{nil} value. During the |
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3355 evaluation, @code{object} is bound to the string or buffer having the |
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3356 conditional @code{display} property. @code{position} and |
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3357 @code{buffer-position} are bound to the position within @code{object} |
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3358 and the buffer position where the @code{display} property was found, |
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3359 respectively. Both positions can be different when @code{object} is a |
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3360 string. |
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3361 |
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3362 @node Display Margins |
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3363 @subsection Displaying in the Margins |
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3364 @cindex display margins |
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3365 @cindex margins, display |
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3366 |
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3367 A buffer can have blank areas called @dfn{display margins} on the left |
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3368 and on the right. Ordinary text never appears in these areas, but you |
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3369 can put things into the display margins using the @code{display} |
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3370 property. |
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3371 |
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3372 To put text in the left or right display margin of the window, use a |
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3373 display specification of the form @code{(margin right-margin)} or |
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3374 @code{(margin left-margin)} on it. To put an image in a display margin, |
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3375 use that display specification along with the display specification for |
42476
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3376 the image. Unfortunately, there is currently no way to make |
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3377 text or images in the margin mouse-sensitive. |
25751
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3378 |
42297
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Explain using a before-string to put something in the margin.
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3379 If you put such a display specification directly on text in the |
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3380 buffer, the specified margin display appears @emph{instead of} that |
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3381 buffer text itself. To put something in the margin @emph{in |
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3382 association with} certain buffer text without preventing or altering |
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3383 the display of that text, put a @code{before-string} property on the |
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3384 text and put the display specification on the contents of the |
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3385 before-string. |
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3386 |
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3387 Before the display margins can display anything, you must give |
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3388 them a nonzero width. The usual way to do that is to set these |
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3389 variables: |
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3390 |
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3391 @defvar left-margin-width |
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3392 @tindex left-margin-width |
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3393 This variable specifies the width of the left margin. |
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3394 It is buffer-local in all buffers. |
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3395 @end defvar |
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3396 |
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3397 @defvar right-margin-width |
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3398 @tindex right-margin-width |
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3399 This variable specifies the width of the right margin. |
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3400 It is buffer-local in all buffers. |
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3401 @end defvar |
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3402 |
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3403 Setting these variables does not immediately affect the window. These |
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3404 variables are checked when a new buffer is displayed in the window. |
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3405 Thus, you can make changes take effect by calling |
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3406 @code{set-window-buffer}. |
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3407 |
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3408 You can also set the margin widths immediately. |
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3409 |
36935 | 3410 @defun set-window-margins window left &optional right |
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3411 @tindex set-window-margins |
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3412 This function specifies the margin widths for window @var{window}. |
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3413 The argument @var{left} controls the left margin and |
36935 | 3414 @var{right} controls the right margin (default @code{0}). |
25751
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3415 @end defun |
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3416 |
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3417 @defun window-margins &optional window |
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3418 @tindex window-margins |
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3419 This function returns the left and right margins of @var{window} |
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3420 as a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{left} . @var{right})}. |
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3421 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
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3422 @end defun |
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3423 |
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3424 @node Images |
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3425 @section Images |
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3426 @cindex images in buffers |
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3427 |
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3428 To display an image in an Emacs buffer, you must first create an image |
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3429 descriptor, then use it as a display specifier in the @code{display} |
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3430 property of text that is displayed (@pxref{Display Property}). |
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3431 |
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3432 Emacs can display a number of different image formats; some of them |
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3433 are supported only if particular support libraries are installed on |
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3434 your machine. In some environments, Emacs can load image |
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3435 libraries on demand; if so, the variable @code{image-library-alist} |
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3436 can be used to modify the set of known names for these dynamic |
57225 | 3437 libraries (though it is not possible to add new image formats). |
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3438 |
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|
3439 The supported image formats include XBM, XPM (this requires the |
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|
3440 libraries @code{libXpm} version 3.4k and @code{libz}), GIF (requiring |
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|
3441 @code{libungif} 4.1.0), Postscript, PBM, JPEG (requiring the |
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|
3442 @code{libjpeg} library version v6a), TIFF (requiring @code{libtiff} |
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|
3443 v3.4), and PNG (requiring @code{libpng} 1.0.2). |
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3444 |
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3445 You specify one of these formats with an image type symbol. The image |
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3446 type symbols are @code{xbm}, @code{xpm}, @code{gif}, @code{postscript}, |
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3447 @code{pbm}, @code{jpeg}, @code{tiff}, and @code{png}. |
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3448 |
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3449 @defvar image-types |
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3450 This variable contains a list of those image type symbols that are |
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3451 potentially supported in the current configuration. |
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3452 @emph{Potentially} here means that Emacs knows about the image types, |
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3453 not necessarily that they can be loaded (they could depend on |
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3454 unavailable dynamic libraries, for example). |
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3455 |
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3456 To know which image types are really available, use |
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3457 @code{image-type-available-p}. |
25751
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3458 @end defvar |
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3459 |
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3460 @defvar image-library-alist |
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3461 This in an alist of image types vs external libraries needed to |
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3462 display them. |
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3463 |
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3464 Each element is a list @code{(@var{image-type} @var{library}...)}, |
56109
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3465 where the car is a supported image format from @code{image-types}, and |
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3466 the rest are strings giving alternate filenames for the corresponding |
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3467 external libraries to load. |
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3468 |
56185
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3469 Emacs tries to load the libraries in the order they appear on the |
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3470 list; if none is loaded, the running session of Emacs won't support |
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3471 the image type. @code{pbm} and @code{xbm} don't need to be listed; |
56109
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3472 they're always supported. |
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3473 |
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3474 This variable is ignored if the image libraries are statically linked |
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3475 into Emacs. |
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3476 @end defvar |
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3477 |
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3478 @defun image-type-available-p type |
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3479 @findex image-type-available-p |
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3480 |
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3481 This function returns non-@code{nil} if image type @var{type} is |
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3482 available, i.e., if images of this type can be loaded and displayed in |
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3483 Emacs. @var{type} should be one of the types contained in |
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3484 @code{image-types}. |
56109
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3485 |
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3486 For image types whose support libraries are statically linked, this |
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3487 function always returns @code{t}; for other image types, it returns |
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3488 @code{t} if the dynamic library could be loaded, @code{nil} otherwise. |
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3489 @end defun |
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3490 |
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3491 @menu |
25875 | 3492 * Image Descriptors:: How to specify an image for use in @code{:display}. |
3493 * XBM Images:: Special features for XBM format. | |
3494 * XPM Images:: Special features for XPM format. | |
3495 * GIF Images:: Special features for GIF format. | |
3496 * Postscript Images:: Special features for Postscript format. | |
3497 * Other Image Types:: Various other formats are supported. | |
3498 * Defining Images:: Convenient ways to define an image for later use. | |
3499 * Showing Images:: Convenient ways to display an image once it is defined. | |
3500 * Image Cache:: Internal mechanisms of image display. | |
25751
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3501 @end menu |
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3502 |
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3503 @node Image Descriptors |
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3504 @subsection Image Descriptors |
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3505 @cindex image descriptor |
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3506 |
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3507 An image description is a list of the form @code{(image |
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3508 . @var{props})}, where @var{props} is a property list containing |
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3509 alternating keyword symbols (symbols whose names start with a colon) and |
26400 | 3510 their values. You can use any Lisp object as a property, but the only |
3511 properties that have any special meaning are certain symbols, all of | |
3512 them keywords. | |
3513 | |
3514 Every image descriptor must contain the property @code{:type | |
3515 @var{type}} to specify the format of the image. The value of @var{type} | |
3516 should be an image type symbol; for example, @code{xpm} for an image in | |
3517 XPM format. | |
25751
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3518 |
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3519 Here is a list of other properties that are meaningful for all image |
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3520 types: |
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3521 |
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3522 @table @code |
36730
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3523 @item :file @var{file} |
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3524 The @code{:file} property says to load the image from file |
36730
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3525 @var{file}. If @var{file} is not an absolute file name, it is expanded |
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3526 in @code{data-directory}. |
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3527 |
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3528 @item :data @var{data} |
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3529 The @code{:data} property says the actual contents of the image. |
36730
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3530 Each image must use either @code{:data} or @code{:file}, but not both. |
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3531 For most image types, the value of the @code{:data} property should be a |
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3532 string containing the image data; we recommend using a unibyte string. |
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3533 |
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3534 Before using @code{:data}, look for further information in the section |
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3535 below describing the specific image format. For some image types, |
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3536 @code{:data} may not be supported; for some, it allows other data types; |
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3537 for some, @code{:data} alone is not enough, so you need to use other |
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3538 image properties along with @code{:data}. |
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3539 |
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3540 @item :margin @var{margin} |
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3541 The @code{:margin} property specifies how many pixels to add as an |
51000
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3542 extra margin around the image. The value, @var{margin}, must be a |
36730
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3543 non-negative number, or a pair @code{(@var{x} . @var{y})} of such |
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3544 numbers. If it is a pair, @var{x} specifies how many pixels to add |
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3545 horizontally, and @var{y} specifies how many pixels to add vertically. |
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3546 If @code{:margin} is not specified, the default is zero. |
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3547 |
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3548 @item :ascent @var{ascent} |
29151 | 3549 The @code{:ascent} property specifies the amount of the image's |
3550 height to use for its ascent---that is, the part above the baseline. | |
3551 The value, @var{ascent}, must be a number in the range 0 to 100, or | |
3552 the symbol @code{center}. | |
3553 | |
3554 If @var{ascent} is a number, that percentage of the image's height is | |
3555 used for its ascent. | |
3556 | |
3557 If @var{ascent} is @code{center}, the image is vertically centered | |
3558 around a centerline which would be the vertical centerline of text drawn | |
3559 at the position of the image, in the manner specified by the text | |
3560 properties and overlays that apply to the image. | |
3561 | |
3562 If this property is omitted, it defaults to 50. | |
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3563 |
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3564 @item :relief @var{relief} |
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3565 The @code{:relief} property, if non-@code{nil}, adds a shadow rectangle |
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3566 around the image. The value, @var{relief}, specifies the width of the |
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3567 shadow lines, in pixels. If @var{relief} is negative, shadows are drawn |
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3568 so that the image appears as a pressed button; otherwise, it appears as |
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3569 an unpressed button. |
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3570 |
35364 | 3571 @item :conversion @var{algorithm} |
3572 The @code{:conversion} property, if non-@code{nil}, specifies a | |
25751
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3573 conversion algorithm that should be applied to the image before it is |
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3574 displayed; the value, @var{algorithm}, specifies which algorithm. |
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3575 |
33996 | 3576 @table @code |
3577 @item laplace | |
3578 @itemx emboss | |
3579 Specifies the Laplace edge detection algorithm, which blurs out small | |
3580 differences in color while highlighting larger differences. People | |
3581 sometimes consider this useful for displaying the image for a | |
3582 ``disabled'' button. | |
3583 | |
3584 @item (edge-detection :matrix @var{matrix} :color-adjust @var{adjust}) | |
3585 Specifies a general edge-detection algorithm. @var{matrix} must be | |
3586 either a nine-element list or a nine-element vector of numbers. A pixel | |
3587 at position @math{x/y} in the transformed image is computed from | |
3588 original pixels around that position. @var{matrix} specifies, for each | |
3589 pixel in the neighborhood of @math{x/y}, a factor with which that pixel | |
3590 will influence the transformed pixel; element @math{0} specifies the | |
3591 factor for the pixel at @math{x-1/y-1}, element @math{1} the factor for | |
3592 the pixel at @math{x/y-1} etc., as shown below: | |
3593 @iftex | |
3594 @tex | |
3595 $$\pmatrix{x-1/y-1 & x/y-1 & x+1/y-1 \cr | |
3596 x-1/y & x/y & x+1/y \cr | |
3597 x-1/y+1& x/y+1 & x+1/y+1 \cr}$$ | |
3598 @end tex | |
3599 @end iftex | |
3600 @ifnottex | |
3601 @display | |
3602 (x-1/y-1 x/y-1 x+1/y-1 | |
3603 x-1/y x/y x+1/y | |
3604 x-1/y+1 x/y+1 x+1/y+1) | |
3605 @end display | |
3606 @end ifnottex | |
3607 | |
3608 The resulting pixel is computed from the color intensity of the color | |
3609 resulting from summing up the RGB values of surrounding pixels, | |
3610 multiplied by the specified factors, and dividing that sum by the sum | |
3611 of the factors' absolute values. | |
3612 | |
3613 Laplace edge-detection currently uses a matrix of | |
3614 @iftex | |
3615 @tex | |
3616 $$\pmatrix{1 & 0 & 0 \cr | |
3617 0& 0 & 0 \cr | |
3618 9 & 9 & -1 \cr}$$ | |
3619 @end tex | |
3620 @end iftex | |
3621 @ifnottex | |
3622 @display | |
3623 (1 0 0 | |
3624 0 0 0 | |
3625 9 9 -1) | |
3626 @end display | |
3627 @end ifnottex | |
3628 | |
3629 Emboss edge-detection uses a matrix of | |
3630 @iftex | |
3631 @tex | |
3632 $$\pmatrix{ 2 & -1 & 0 \cr | |
3633 -1 & 0 & 1 \cr | |
3634 0 & 1 & -2 \cr}$$ | |
3635 @end tex | |
3636 @end iftex | |
3637 @ifnottex | |
3638 @display | |
3639 ( 2 -1 0 | |
3640 -1 0 1 | |
3641 0 1 -2) | |
3642 @end display | |
3643 @end ifnottex | |
3644 | |
3645 @item disabled | |
3646 Specifies transforming the image so that it looks ``disabled''. | |
3647 @end table | |
3648 | |
3649 @item :mask @var{mask} | |
3650 If @var{mask} is @code{heuristic} or @code{(heuristic @var{bg})}, build | |
3651 a clipping mask for the image, so that the background of a frame is | |
3652 visible behind the image. If @var{bg} is not specified, or if @var{bg} | |
3653 is @code{t}, determine the background color of the image by looking at | |
3654 the four corners of the image, assuming the most frequently occurring | |
3655 color from the corners is the background color of the image. Otherwise, | |
3656 @var{bg} must be a list @code{(@var{red} @var{green} @var{blue})} | |
3657 specifying the color to assume for the background of the image. | |
3658 | |
51652
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3659 If @var{mask} is @code{nil}, remove a mask from the image, if it has |
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3660 one. Images in some formats include a mask which can be removed by |
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3661 specifying @code{:mask nil}. |
57193
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3662 |
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|
3663 @item :pointer @var{shape} |
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3664 This specifies the pointer shape when the mouse pointer is over this |
57225 | 3665 image. @xref{Pointer Shape}, for available pointer shapes. |
57193
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3666 |
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|
3667 @item :map @var{map} |
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|
3668 This associates an image map of @dfn{hot spots} with this image. |
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3669 |
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|
3670 An image map is an alist where each element has the format |
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|
3671 @code{(@var{area} @var{id} @var{plist})}. An @var{area} is specified |
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|
3672 as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon. |
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|
3673 |
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|
3674 A rectangle is a cons |
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|
3675 @code{(rect . ((@var{x0} . @var{y0}) . (@var{x1} . @var{y1})))} |
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|
3676 which specifies the pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right |
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|
3677 corners of the rectangle area. |
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|
3678 |
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|
3679 A circle is a cons |
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|
3680 @code{(circle . ((@var{x0} . @var{y0}) . @var{r}))} |
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|
3681 which specifies the center and the radius of the circle; @var{r} may |
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|
3682 be a float or integer. |
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|
3683 |
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|
3684 A polygon is a cons |
57201
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Correct various typos.
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|
3685 @code{(poly . [@var{x0} @var{y0} @var{x1} @var{y1} ...])} |
57193
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|
3686 where each pair in the vector describes one corner in the polygon. |
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|
3687 |
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|
3688 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the |
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|
3689 @var{plist} of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a @code{help-echo} |
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|
3690 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains |
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|
3691 a @code{pointer} property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when |
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(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
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|
3692 it is over the hot-spot. |
57225 | 3693 @xref{Pointer Shape}, for available pointer shapes. |
57193
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|
3694 |
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|
3695 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot, an |
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(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
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parents:
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changeset
|
3696 event is composed by combining the @var{id} of the hot-spot with the |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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changeset
|
3697 mouse event; for instance, @code{[area4 mouse-1]} if the hot-spot's |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
3698 @var{id} is @code{area4}. |
25751
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3699 @end table |
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3700 |
33996 | 3701 @defun image-mask-p spec &optional frame |
3702 @tindex image-mask-p | |
3703 This function returns @code{t} if image @var{spec} has a mask bitmap. | |
3704 @var{frame} is the frame on which the image will be displayed. | |
39404
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
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|
3705 @var{frame} @code{nil} or omitted means to use the selected frame |
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
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|
3706 (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
33996 | 3707 @end defun |
3708 | |
25751
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3709 @node XBM Images |
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3710 @subsection XBM Images |
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3711 @cindex XBM |
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3712 |
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3713 To use XBM format, specify @code{xbm} as the image type. This image |
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3714 format doesn't require an external library, so images of this type are |
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|
3715 always supported. |
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3716 |
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3717 Additional image properties supported for the @code{xbm} image type are: |
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3718 |
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3719 @table @code |
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3720 @item :foreground @var{foreground} |
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3721 The value, @var{foreground}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
3722 foreground color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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|
3723 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 1. The default is the frame's |
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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|
3724 foreground color. |
25751
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3725 |
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3726 @item :background @var{background} |
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3727 The value, @var{background}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
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Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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|
3728 background color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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|
3729 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 0. The default is the frame's |
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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|
3730 background color. |
25751
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|
3731 @end table |
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3732 |
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3733 If you specify an XBM image using data within Emacs instead of an |
28792 | 3734 external file, use the following three properties: |
25751
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3735 |
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3736 @table @code |
28792 | 3737 @item :data @var{data} |
3738 The value, @var{data}, specifies the contents of the image. | |
3739 There are three formats you can use for @var{data}: | |
3740 | |
3741 @itemize @bullet | |
3742 @item | |
3743 A vector of strings or bool-vectors, each specifying one line of the | |
3744 image. Do specify @code{:height} and @code{:width}. | |
3745 | |
3746 @item | |
3747 A string containing the same byte sequence as an XBM file would contain. | |
3748 You must not specify @code{:height} and @code{:width} in this case, | |
3749 because omitting them is what indicates the data has the format of an | |
3750 XBM file. The file contents specify the height and width of the image. | |
3751 | |
3752 @item | |
3753 A string or a bool-vector containing the bits of the image (plus perhaps | |
3754 some extra bits at the end that will not be used). It should contain at | |
3755 least @var{width} * @code{height} bits. In this case, you must specify | |
3756 @code{:height} and @code{:width}, both to indicate that the string | |
3757 contains just the bits rather than a whole XBM file, and to specify the | |
3758 size of the image. | |
3759 @end itemize | |
3760 | |
25751
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3761 @item :width @var{width} |
28792 | 3762 The value, @var{width}, specifies the width of the image, in pixels. |
25751
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3763 |
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3764 @item :height @var{height} |
28792 | 3765 The value, @var{height}, specifies the height of the image, in pixels. |
25751
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3766 @end table |
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3767 |
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3768 @node XPM Images |
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3769 @subsection XPM Images |
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3770 @cindex XPM |
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3771 |
27093
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|
3772 To use XPM format, specify @code{xpm} as the image type. The |
4b1a67a46d8c
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3773 additional image property @code{:color-symbols} is also meaningful with |
4b1a67a46d8c
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3774 the @code{xpm} image type: |
25751
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3775 |
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3776 @table @code |
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3777 @item :color-symbols @var{symbols} |
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3778 The value, @var{symbols}, should be an alist whose elements have the |
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3779 form @code{(@var{name} . @var{color})}. In each element, @var{name} is |
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3780 the name of a color as it appears in the image file, and @var{color} |
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|
3781 specifies the actual color to use for displaying that name. |
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3782 @end table |
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3783 |
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3784 @node GIF Images |
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3785 @subsection GIF Images |
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3786 @cindex GIF |
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3787 |
60503
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(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
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3788 For GIF images, specify image type @code{gif}. |
25751
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3789 |
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3790 @table @code |
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3791 @item :index @var{index} |
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3792 You can use @code{:index} to specify one image from a GIF file that |
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3793 contains more than one image. This property specifies use of image |
53422
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(Refresh Screen): Add force-window-update.
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3794 number @var{index} from the file. If the GIF file doesn't contain an |
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(Refresh Screen): Add force-window-update.
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3795 image with index @var{index}, the image displays as a hollow box. |
25751
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3796 @end table |
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3797 |
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3798 @ignore |
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3799 This could be used to implement limited support for animated GIFs. |
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3800 For example, the following function displays a multi-image GIF file |
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3801 at point-min in the current buffer, switching between sub-images |
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3802 every 0.1 seconds. |
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3803 |
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3804 (defun show-anim (file max) |
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3805 "Display multi-image GIF file FILE which contains MAX subimages." |
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3806 (display-anim (current-buffer) file 0 max t)) |
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3807 |
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3808 (defun display-anim (buffer file idx max first-time) |
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3809 (when (= idx max) |
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3810 (setq idx 0)) |
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3811 (let ((img (create-image file nil :image idx))) |
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3812 (save-excursion |
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3813 (set-buffer buffer) |
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3814 (goto-char (point-min)) |
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3815 (unless first-time (delete-char 1)) |
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3816 (insert-image img)) |
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3817 (run-with-timer 0.1 nil 'display-anim buffer file (1+ idx) max nil))) |
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3818 @end ignore |
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3819 |
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3820 @node Postscript Images |
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3821 @subsection Postscript Images |
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3822 @cindex Postscript images |
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3823 |
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3824 To use Postscript for an image, specify image type @code{postscript}. |
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3825 This works only if you have Ghostscript installed. You must always use |
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3826 these three properties: |
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3827 |
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3828 @table @code |
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3829 @item :pt-width @var{width} |
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3830 The value, @var{width}, specifies the width of the image measured in |
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3831 points (1/72 inch). @var{width} must be an integer. |
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3832 |
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3833 @item :pt-height @var{height} |
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3834 The value, @var{height}, specifies the height of the image in points |
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3835 (1/72 inch). @var{height} must be an integer. |
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3836 |
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3837 @item :bounding-box @var{box} |
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3838 The value, @var{box}, must be a list or vector of four integers, which |
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3839 specifying the bounding box of the Postscript image, analogous to the |
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3840 @samp{BoundingBox} comment found in Postscript files. |
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3841 |
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3842 @example |
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3843 %%BoundingBox: 22 171 567 738 |
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3844 @end example |
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3845 @end table |
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3846 |
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3847 Displaying Postscript images from Lisp data is not currently |
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3848 implemented, but it may be implemented by the time you read this. |
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3849 See the @file{etc/NEWS} file to make sure. |
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3850 |
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3851 @node Other Image Types |
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3852 @subsection Other Image Types |
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3853 @cindex PBM |
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3854 |
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3855 For PBM images, specify image type @code{pbm}. Color, gray-scale and |
32552
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3856 monochromatic images are supported. For mono PBM images, two additional |
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3857 image properties are supported. |
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3858 |
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|
3859 @table @code |
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|
3860 @item :foreground @var{foreground} |
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|
3861 The value, @var{foreground}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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|
3862 foreground color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
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Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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|
3863 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 1. The default is the frame's |
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Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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|
3864 foreground color. |
32552
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|
3865 |
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|
3866 @item :background @var{background} |
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|
3867 The value, @var{background}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
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Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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|
3868 background color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
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|
3869 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 0. The default is the frame's |
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|
3870 background color. |
32552
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|
3871 @end table |
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3872 |
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3873 For JPEG images, specify image type @code{jpeg}. |
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3874 |
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3875 For TIFF images, specify image type @code{tiff}. |
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3876 |
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3877 For PNG images, specify image type @code{png}. |
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3878 |
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3879 @node Defining Images |
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3880 @subsection Defining Images |
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3881 |
31373
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|
3882 The functions @code{create-image}, @code{defimage} and |
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3883 @code{find-image} provide convenient ways to create image descriptors. |
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3884 |
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|
3885 @defun create-image file-or-data &optional type data-p &rest props |
25751
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3886 @tindex create-image |
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|
3887 This function creates and returns an image descriptor which uses the |
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3888 data in @var{file-or-data}. @var{file-or-data} can be a file name or |
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3889 a string containing the image data; @var{data-p} should be @code{nil} |
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|
3890 for the former case, non-@code{nil} for the latter case. |
25751
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3891 |
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3892 The optional argument @var{type} is a symbol specifying the image type. |
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3893 If @var{type} is omitted or @code{nil}, @code{create-image} tries to |
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|
3894 determine the image type from the file's first few bytes, or else |
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3895 from the file's name. |
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|
3896 |
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|
3897 The remaining arguments, @var{props}, specify additional image |
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|
3898 properties---for example, |
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|
3899 |
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|
3900 @example |
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3901 (create-image "foo.xpm" 'xpm nil :heuristic-mask t) |
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|
3902 @end example |
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3903 |
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|
3904 The function returns @code{nil} if images of this type are not |
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3905 supported. Otherwise it returns an image descriptor. |
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|
3906 @end defun |
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3907 |
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|
3908 @defmac defimage symbol specs &optional doc |
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3909 @tindex defimage |
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|
3910 This macro defines @var{symbol} as an image name. The arguments |
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|
3911 @var{specs} is a list which specifies how to display the image. |
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|
3912 The third argument, @var{doc}, is an optional documentation string. |
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3913 |
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|
3914 Each argument in @var{specs} has the form of a property list, and each |
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|
3915 one should specify at least the @code{:type} property and either the |
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|
3916 @code{:file} or the @code{:data} property. The value of @code{:type} |
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|
3917 should be a symbol specifying the image type, the value of |
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|
3918 @code{:file} is the file to load the image from, and the value of |
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|
3919 @code{:data} is a string containing the actual image data. Here is an |
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|
3920 example: |
25751
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|
3921 |
25875 | 3922 @example |
3923 (defimage test-image | |
46338
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|
3924 ((:type xpm :file "~/test1.xpm") |
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|
3925 (:type xbm :file "~/test1.xbm"))) |
25875 | 3926 @end example |
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3927 |
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3928 @code{defimage} tests each argument, one by one, to see if it is |
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3929 usable---that is, if the type is supported and the file exists. The |
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|
3930 first usable argument is used to make an image descriptor which is |
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|
3931 stored in @var{symbol}. |
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|
3932 |
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|
3933 If none of the alternatives will work, then @var{symbol} is defined |
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3934 as @code{nil}. |
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|
3935 @end defmac |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3936 |
31373
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3937 @defun find-image specs |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3938 @tindex find-image |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3939 This function provides a convenient way to find an image satisfying one |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3940 of a list of image specifications @var{specs}. |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3941 |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3942 Each specification in @var{specs} is a property list with contents |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3943 depending on image type. All specifications must at least contain the |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3944 properties @code{:type @var{type}} and either @w{@code{:file @var{file}}} |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3945 or @w{@code{:data @var{DATA}}}, where @var{type} is a symbol specifying |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3946 the image type, e.g.@: @code{xbm}, @var{file} is the file to load the |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3947 image from, and @var{data} is a string containing the actual image data. |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3948 The first specification in the list whose @var{type} is supported, and |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3949 @var{file} exists, is used to construct the image specification to be |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3950 returned. If no specification is satisfied, @code{nil} is returned. |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3951 |
65546
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3952 The image is looked for in @code{image-load-path}. |
31373
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3953 @end defun |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3954 |
65546
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3955 @defvar image-load-path |
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3956 @tindex image-load-path |
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3957 This variable's value is a list of locations in which to search for |
65598
bae76b0c6f5e
Updated documentation for `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65560
diff
changeset
|
3958 image files. If an element is a string or a variable symbol whose |
bae76b0c6f5e
Updated documentation for `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65560
diff
changeset
|
3959 value is a string, the string is taken to be the name of a directory |
bae76b0c6f5e
Updated documentation for `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65560
diff
changeset
|
3960 to search. If an element is a variable symbol whose value is a list, |
bae76b0c6f5e
Updated documentation for `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65560
diff
changeset
|
3961 that is taken to be a list of directory names to search. |
65546
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3962 |
65560
9007bcbba781
(Defining Images): Clean up previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
65546
diff
changeset
|
3963 The default is to search in the @file{images} subdirectory of the |
9007bcbba781
(Defining Images): Clean up previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
65546
diff
changeset
|
3964 directory specified by @code{data-directory}, then the directory |
9007bcbba781
(Defining Images): Clean up previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
65546
diff
changeset
|
3965 specified by @code{data-directory}, and finally in the directories in |
65546
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3966 @code{load-path}. Subdirectories are not automatically included in |
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3967 the search, so if you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to |
65560
9007bcbba781
(Defining Images): Clean up previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
65546
diff
changeset
|
3968 supply the subdirectory name explicitly. For example, to find the |
65598
bae76b0c6f5e
Updated documentation for `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65560
diff
changeset
|
3969 image @file{images/foo/bar.xpm} within @code{data-directory}, you |
65560
9007bcbba781
(Defining Images): Clean up previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
65546
diff
changeset
|
3970 should specify the image as follows: |
65546
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3971 |
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3972 @example |
65560
9007bcbba781
(Defining Images): Clean up previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
65546
diff
changeset
|
3973 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm"))) |
65546
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3974 @end example |
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3975 @end defvar |
6759056e7603
Document `image-load-path'.
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
3976 |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3977 @node Showing Images |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3978 @subsection Showing Images |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3979 |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3980 You can use an image descriptor by setting up the @code{display} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3981 property yourself, but it is easier to use the functions in this |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3982 section. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3983 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3984 @defun insert-image image &optional string area slice |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3985 This function inserts @var{image} in the current buffer at point. The |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3986 value @var{image} should be an image descriptor; it could be a value |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3987 returned by @code{create-image}, or the value of a symbol defined with |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3988 @code{defimage}. The argument @var{string} specifies the text to put |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3989 in the buffer to hold the image. If it is omitted or @code{nil}, |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60442
diff
changeset
|
3990 @code{insert-image} uses @code{" "} by default. |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3991 |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3992 The argument @var{area} specifies whether to put the image in a margin. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3993 If it is @code{left-margin}, the image appears in the left margin; |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3994 @code{right-margin} specifies the right margin. If @var{area} is |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3995 @code{nil} or omitted, the image is displayed at point within the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3996 buffer's text. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3997 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3998 The argument @var{slice} specifies a slice of the image to insert. If |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3999 @var{slice} is @code{nil} or omitted the whole image is inserted. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4000 Otherwise, @var{slice} is a list @code{(@var{x} @var{y} @var{width} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4001 @var{height})} which specifies the @var{x} and @var{y} positions and |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
4002 @var{width} and @var{height} of the image area to insert. Integer |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4003 values are in units of pixels. A floating point number in the range |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4004 0.0--1.0 stands for that fraction of the width or height of the entire |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4005 image. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
4006 |
25875 | 4007 Internally, this function inserts @var{string} in the buffer, and gives |
4008 it a @code{display} property which specifies @var{image}. @xref{Display | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4009 Property}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4010 @end defun |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4011 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
4012 @defun insert-sliced-image image &optional string area rows cols |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4013 This function inserts @var{image} in the current buffer at point, like |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4014 @code{insert-image}, but splits the image into @var{rows}x@var{cols} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
4015 equally sized slices. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
4016 @end defun |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
4017 |
29471 | 4018 @defun put-image image pos &optional string area |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4019 This function puts image @var{image} in front of @var{pos} in the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4020 current buffer. The argument @var{pos} should be an integer or a |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4021 marker. It specifies the buffer position where the image should appear. |
29471 | 4022 The argument @var{string} specifies the text that should hold the image |
4023 as an alternative to the default. | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4024 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4025 The argument @var{image} must be an image descriptor, perhaps returned |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4026 by @code{create-image} or stored by @code{defimage}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4027 |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4028 The argument @var{area} specifies whether to put the image in a margin. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4029 If it is @code{left-margin}, the image appears in the left margin; |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4030 @code{right-margin} specifies the right margin. If @var{area} is |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4031 @code{nil} or omitted, the image is displayed at point within the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4032 buffer's text. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4033 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4034 Internally, this function creates an overlay, and gives it a |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4035 @code{before-string} property containing text that has a @code{display} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4036 property whose value is the image. (Whew!) |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4037 @end defun |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4038 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4039 @defun remove-images start end &optional buffer |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4040 This function removes images in @var{buffer} between positions |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4041 @var{start} and @var{end}. If @var{buffer} is omitted or @code{nil}, |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4042 images are removed from the current buffer. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4043 |
27331
be0a552c8320
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diff
changeset
|
4044 This removes only images that were put into @var{buffer} the way |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4045 @code{put-image} does it, not images that were inserted with |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4046 @code{insert-image} or in other ways. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4047 @end defun |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4048 |
31373
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
4049 @defun image-size spec &optional pixels frame |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
4050 @tindex image-size |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
4051 This function returns the size of an image as a pair |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
4052 @w{@code{(@var{width} . @var{height})}}. @var{spec} is an image |
51652
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
4053 specification. @var{pixels} non-@code{nil} means return sizes |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
4054 measured in pixels, otherwise return sizes measured in canonical |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
4055 character units (fractions of the width/height of the frame's default |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
4056 font). @var{frame} is the frame on which the image will be displayed. |
39404
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
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|
4057 @var{frame} null or omitted means use the selected frame (@pxref{Input |
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(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
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|
4058 Focus}). |
31373
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help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
4059 @end defun |
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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|
4060 |
25751
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*** empty log message ***
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|
4061 @node Image Cache |
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|
4062 @subsection Image Cache |
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4063 |
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4064 Emacs stores images in an image cache when it displays them, so it can |
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4065 display them again more efficiently. It removes an image from the cache |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
4066 when it hasn't been displayed for a specified period of time. |
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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changeset
|
4067 |
28770 | 4068 When an image is looked up in the cache, its specification is compared |
4069 with cached image specifications using @code{equal}. This means that | |
4070 all images with equal specifications share the same image in the cache. | |
4071 | |
25751
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|
4072 @defvar image-cache-eviction-delay |
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|
4073 @tindex image-cache-eviction-delay |
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|
4074 This variable specifies the number of seconds an image can remain in the |
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4075 cache without being displayed. When an image is not displayed for this |
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4076 length of time, Emacs removes it from the image cache. |
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|
4077 |
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4078 If the value is @code{nil}, Emacs does not remove images from the cache |
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4079 except when you explicitly clear it. This mode can be useful for |
467b88fab665
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|
4080 debugging. |
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|
4081 @end defvar |
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|
4082 |
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|
4083 @defun clear-image-cache &optional frame |
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|
4084 @tindex clear-image-cache |
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|
4085 This function clears the image cache. If @var{frame} is non-@code{nil}, |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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|
4086 only the cache for that frame is cleared. Otherwise all frames' caches |
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|
4087 are cleared. |
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|
4088 @end defun |
27447
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|
4089 |
53467
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|
4090 @node Buttons |
a18219fcd84d
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|
4091 @section Buttons |
53468
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|
4092 @cindex buttons |
53467
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|
4093 @cindex buttons in buffers |
a18219fcd84d
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|
4094 @cindex clickable buttons in buffers |
a18219fcd84d
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|
4095 |
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|
4096 The @emph{button} package defines functions for inserting and |
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4097 manipulating clickable (with the mouse, or via keyboard commands) |
53468
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-13
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|
4098 buttons in Emacs buffers, such as might be used for help hyper-links, |
f641b341c5ec
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-13
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|
4099 etc. Emacs uses buttons for the hyper-links in help text and the like. |
53467
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4100 |
60503
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
4101 A button is essentially a set of properties attached (via text |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
4102 properties or overlays) to a region of text in an Emacs buffer. These |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
4103 properties are called @dfn{button properties}. |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
4104 |
ed1869261935
(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
4105 One of the these properties (@code{action}) is a function, which will |
53467
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|
4106 be called when the user invokes it using the keyboard or the mouse. |
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4107 The invoked function may then examine the button and use its other |
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4108 properties as desired. |
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|
4109 |
60503
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(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
4110 In some ways the Emacs button package duplicates functionality offered |
53467
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4111 by the widget package (@pxref{Top, , Introduction, widget, The Emacs |
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4112 Widget Library}), but the button package has the advantage that it is |
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4113 much faster, much smaller, and much simpler to use (for elisp |
a18219fcd84d
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|
4114 programmers---for users, the result is about the same). The extra |
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4115 speed and space savings are useful mainly if you need to create many |
a18219fcd84d
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|
4116 buttons in a buffer (for instance an @code{*Apropos*} buffer uses |
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4117 buttons to make entries clickable, and may contain many thousands of |
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4118 entries). |
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|
4119 |
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|
4120 @menu |
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|
4121 * Button Properties:: Button properties with special meanings. |
a18219fcd84d
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4122 * Button Types:: Defining common properties for classes of buttons. |
55246 | 4123 * Making Buttons:: Adding buttons to Emacs buffers. |
53467
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4124 * Manipulating Buttons:: Getting and setting properties of buttons. |
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|
4125 * Button Buffer Commands:: Buffer-wide commands and bindings for buttons. |
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|
4126 @end menu |
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|
4127 |
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|
4128 @node Button Properties |
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|
4129 @subsection Button Properties |
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|
4130 @cindex button properties |
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|
4131 |
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|
4132 Buttons have an associated list of properties defining their |
a18219fcd84d
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|
4133 appearance and behavior, and other arbitrary properties may be used |
60503
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(Overlay Arrow, Fringe Bitmaps, Customizing Bitmaps): Now subnodes of Fringes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
4134 for application specific purposes. Some properties that have special |
ed1869261935
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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60442
diff
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|
4135 meaning to the button package include: |
53467
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|
4136 |
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|
4137 @table @code |
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|
4138 @item action |
53468
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|
4139 @kindex action @r{(button property)} |
53467
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|
4140 The function to call when the user invokes the button, which is passed |
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4141 the single argument @var{button}. By default this is @code{ignore}, |
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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|
4142 which does nothing. |
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|
4143 |
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|
4144 @item mouse-action |
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|
4145 @kindex mouse-action @r{(button property)} |
53467
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|
4146 This is similar to @code{action}, and when present, will be used |
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|
4147 instead of @code{action} for button invocations resulting from |
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|
4148 mouse-clicks (instead of the user hitting @key{RET}). If not |
a18219fcd84d
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|
4149 present, mouse-clicks use @code{action} instead. |
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|
4150 |
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|
4151 @item face |
53468
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|
4152 @kindex face @r{(button property)} |
55246 | 4153 This is an Emacs face controlling how buttons of this type are |
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|
4154 displayed; by default this is the @code{button} face. |
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|
4155 |
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|
4156 @item mouse-face |
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|
4157 @kindex mouse-face @r{(button property)} |
53467
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|
4158 This is an additional face which controls appearance during |
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|
4159 mouse-overs (merged with the usual button face); by default this is |
55246 | 4160 the usual Emacs @code{highlight} face. |
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|
4161 |
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|
4162 @item keymap |
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|
4163 @kindex keymap @r{(button property)} |
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|
4164 The button's keymap, defining bindings active within the button |
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|
4165 region. By default this is the usual button region keymap, stored |
59505
19b4e3d63aed
(Button Properties, Button Buffer Commands):
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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59493
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|
4166 in the variable @code{button-map}, which defines @key{RET} and |
19b4e3d63aed
(Button Properties, Button Buffer Commands):
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4167 @key{mouse-2} to invoke the button. |
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4168 |
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4169 @item type |
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4170 @kindex type @r{(button property)} |
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4171 The button-type of the button. When creating a button, this is |
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4172 usually specified using the @code{:type} keyword argument. |
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4173 @xref{Button Types}. |
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4174 |
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4175 @item help-echo |
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4176 @kindex help-index @r{(button property)} |
55246 | 4177 A string displayed by the Emacs tool-tip help system; by default, |
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4178 @code{"mouse-2, RET: Push this button"}. |
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4179 |
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4180 @item follow-link |
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4181 @kindex follow-link @r{(button property)} |
59505
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4182 The follow-link property, defining how a @key{Mouse-1} click behaves |
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4183 on this button, @xref{Links and Mouse-1}. |
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4184 |
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4185 @item button |
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4186 @kindex button @r{(button property)} |
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4187 All buttons have a non-@code{nil} @code{button} property, which may be useful |
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4188 in finding regions of text that comprise buttons (which is what the |
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4189 standard button functions do). |
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4190 @end table |
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4191 |
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4192 There are other properties defined for the regions of text in a |
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4193 button, but these are not generally interesting for typical uses. |
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4194 |
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4195 @node Button Types |
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4196 @subsection Button Types |
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4197 @cindex button types |
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4198 |
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4199 Every button has a button @emph{type}, which defines default values |
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4200 for the button's properties. Button types are arranged in a |
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4201 hierarchy, with specialized types inheriting from more general types, |
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4202 so that it's easy to define special-purpose types of buttons for |
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4203 specific tasks. |
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4204 |
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4205 @defun define-button-type name &rest properties |
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4206 @tindex define-button-type |
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4207 Define a `button type' called @var{name}. The remaining arguments |
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4208 form a sequence of @var{property value} pairs, specifying default |
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4209 property values for buttons with this type (a button's type may be set |
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4210 by giving it a @code{type} property when creating the button, using |
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4211 the @code{:type} keyword argument). |
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4212 |
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4213 In addition, the keyword argument @code{:supertype} may be used to |
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4214 specify a button-type from which @var{name} inherits its default |
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4215 property values. Note that this inheritance happens only when |
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4216 @var{name} is defined; subsequent changes to a supertype are not |
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4217 reflected in its subtypes. |
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4218 @end defun |
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4219 |
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4220 Using @code{define-button-type} to define default properties for |
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4221 buttons is not necessary---buttons without any specified type use the |
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4222 built-in button-type @code{button}---but it is encouraged, since |
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4223 doing so usually makes the resulting code clearer and more efficient. |
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4224 |
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4225 @node Making Buttons |
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4226 @subsection Making Buttons |
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4227 @cindex making buttons |
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4228 |
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4229 Buttons are associated with a region of text, using an overlay or |
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4230 text properties to hold button-specific information, all of which are |
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4231 initialized from the button's type (which defaults to the built-in |
55246 | 4232 button type @code{button}). Like all Emacs text, the appearance of |
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4233 the button is governed by the @code{face} property; by default (via |
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4234 the @code{face} property inherited from the @code{button} button-type) |
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4235 this is a simple underline, like a typical web-page link. |
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4236 |
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|
4237 For convenience, there are two sorts of button-creation functions, |
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4238 those that add button properties to an existing region of a buffer, |
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4239 called @code{make-...button}, and those also insert the button text, |
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4240 called @code{insert-...button}. |
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4241 |
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4242 The button-creation functions all take the @code{&rest} argument |
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4243 @var{properties}, which should be a sequence of @var{property value} |
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4244 pairs, specifying properties to add to the button; see @ref{Button |
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4245 Properties}. In addition, the keyword argument @code{:type} may be |
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4246 used to specify a button-type from which to inherit other properties; |
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4247 see @ref{Button Types}. Any properties not explicitly specified |
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4248 during creation will be inherited from the button's type (if the type |
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4249 defines such a property). |
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4250 |
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4251 The following functions add a button using an overlay |
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4252 (@pxref{Overlays}) to hold the button properties: |
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4253 |
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4254 @defun make-button beg end &rest properties |
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4255 @tindex make-button |
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|
4256 This makes a button from @var{beg} to @var{end} in the |
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4257 current buffer, and returns it. |
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4258 @end defun |
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4259 |
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4260 @defun insert-button label &rest properties |
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4261 @tindex insert-button |
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4262 This insert a button with the label @var{label} at point, |
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|
4263 and returns it. |
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4264 @end defun |
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4265 |
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|
4266 The following functions are similar, but use Emacs text properties |
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4267 (@pxref{Text Properties}) to hold the button properties, making the |
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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4268 button actually part of the text instead of being a property of the |
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4269 buffer. Buttons using text properties do not create markers into the |
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4270 buffer, which is important for speed when you use extremely large |
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4271 numbers of buttons. Both functions return the position of the start |
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4272 of the new button: |
53467
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4273 |
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4274 @defun make-text-button beg end &rest properties |
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4275 @tindex make-text-button |
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4276 This makes a button from @var{beg} to @var{end} in the current buffer, using |
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4277 text properties. |
53467
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4278 @end defun |
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4279 |
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4280 @defun insert-text-button label &rest properties |
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4281 @tindex insert-text-button |
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4282 This inserts a button with the label @var{label} at point, using text |
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4283 properties. |
53467
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4284 @end defun |
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4285 |
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4286 @node Manipulating Buttons |
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4287 @subsection Manipulating Buttons |
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4288 @cindex manipulating buttons |
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4289 |
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4290 These are functions for getting and setting properties of buttons. |
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4291 Often these are used by a button's invocation function to determine |
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4292 what to do. |
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4293 |
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4294 Where a @var{button} parameter is specified, it means an object |
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4295 referring to a specific button, either an overlay (for overlay |
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4296 buttons), or a buffer-position or marker (for text property buttons). |
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4297 Such an object is passed as the first argument to a button's |
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4298 invocation function when it is invoked. |
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4299 |
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4300 @defun button-start button |
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4301 @tindex button-start |
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4302 Return the position at which @var{button} starts. |
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4303 @end defun |
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4304 |
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4305 @defun button-end button |
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4306 @tindex button-end |
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4307 Return the position at which @var{button} ends. |
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4308 @end defun |
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4309 |
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4310 @defun button-get button prop |
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4311 @tindex button-get |
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4312 Get the property of button @var{button} named @var{prop}. |
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4313 @end defun |
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4314 |
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4315 @defun button-put button prop val |
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4316 @tindex button-put |
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4317 Set @var{button}'s @var{prop} property to @var{val}. |
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4318 @end defun |
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4319 |
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4320 @defun button-activate button &optional use-mouse-action |
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4321 @tindex button-activate |
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4322 Call @var{button}'s @code{action} property (i.e., invoke it). If |
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4323 @var{use-mouse-action} is non-@code{nil}, try to invoke the button's |
53468
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4324 @code{mouse-action} property instead of @code{action}; if the button |
f641b341c5ec
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4325 has no @code{mouse-action} property, use @code{action} as normal. |
53467
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4326 @end defun |
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|
4327 |
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4328 @defun button-label button |
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4329 @tindex button-label |
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4330 Return @var{button}'s text label. |
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4331 @end defun |
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|
4332 |
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4333 @defun button-type button |
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4334 @tindex button-type |
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4335 Return @var{button}'s button-type. |
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4336 @end defun |
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4337 |
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4338 @defun button-has-type-p button type |
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4339 @tindex button-has-type-p |
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4340 Return @code{t} if @var{button} has button-type @var{type}, or one of |
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4341 @var{type}'s subtypes. |
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4342 @end defun |
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4343 |
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4344 @defun button-at pos |
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4345 @tindex button-at |
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4346 Return the button at position @var{pos} in the current buffer, or @code{nil}. |
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4347 @end defun |
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4348 |
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4349 @defun button-type-put type prop val |
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4350 @tindex button-type-put |
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4351 Set the button-type @var{type}'s @var{prop} property to @var{val}. |
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4352 @end defun |
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|
4353 |
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|
4354 @defun button-type-get type prop |
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4355 @tindex button-type-get |
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|
4356 Get the property of button-type @var{type} named @var{prop}. |
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4357 @end defun |
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|
4358 |
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|
4359 @defun button-type-subtype-p type supertype |
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4360 @tindex button-type-subtype-p |
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4361 Return @code{t} if button-type @var{type} is a subtype of @var{supertype}. |
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4362 @end defun |
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|
4363 |
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4364 @node Button Buffer Commands |
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4365 @subsection Button Buffer Commands |
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4366 @cindex button buffer commands |
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4367 |
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4368 These are commands and functions for locating and operating on |
55246 | 4369 buttons in an Emacs buffer. |
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4370 |
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4371 @code{push-button} is the command that a user uses to actually `push' |
59505
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4372 a button, and is bound by default in the button itself to @key{RET} |
53829
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4373 and to @key{mouse-2} using a region-specific keymap. Commands |
53467
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4374 that are useful outside the buttons itself, such as |
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4375 @code{forward-button} and @code{backward-button} are additionally |
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4376 available in the keymap stored in @code{button-buffer-map}; a mode |
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4377 which uses buttons may want to use @code{button-buffer-map} as a |
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4378 parent keymap for its keymap. |
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4379 |
59505
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4380 If the button has a non-@code{nil} @code{follow-link} property, and |
60503
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4381 @var{mouse-1-click-follows-link} is set, a quick @key{Mouse-1} click |
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4382 will also activate the @code{push-button} command. |
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4383 @xref{Links and Mouse-1}. |
59505
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4384 |
53467
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4385 @deffn Command push-button &optional pos use-mouse-action |
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4386 @tindex push-button |
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4387 Perform the action specified by a button at location @var{pos}. |
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4388 @var{pos} may be either a buffer position or a mouse-event. If |
53468
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4389 @var{use-mouse-action} is non-@code{nil}, or @var{pos} is a |
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4390 mouse-event (@pxref{Mouse Events}), try to invoke the button's |
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4391 @code{mouse-action} property instead of @code{action}; if the button |
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4392 has no @code{mouse-action} property, use @code{action} as normal. |
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4393 @var{pos} defaults to point, except when @code{push-button} is invoked |
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4394 interactively as the result of a mouse-event, in which case, the mouse |
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4395 event's position is used. If there's no button at @var{pos}, do |
53467
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4396 nothing and return @code{nil}, otherwise return @code{t}. |
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4397 @end deffn |
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4398 |
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4399 @deffn Command forward-button n &optional wrap display-message |
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4400 @tindex forward-button |
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4401 Move to the @var{n}th next button, or @var{n}th previous button if |
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4402 @var{n} is negative. If @var{n} is zero, move to the start of any |
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4403 button at point. If @var{wrap} is non-@code{nil}, moving past either |
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4404 end of the buffer continues from the other end. If |
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4405 @var{display-message} is non-@code{nil}, the button's help-echo string |
53468
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4406 is displayed. Any button with a non-@code{nil} @code{skip} property |
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4407 is skipped over. Returns the button found. |
53467
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4408 @end deffn |
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4409 |
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4410 @deffn Command backward-button n &optional wrap display-message |
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4411 @tindex backward-button |
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4412 Move to the @var{n}th previous button, or @var{n}th next button if |
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4413 @var{n} is negative. If @var{n} is zero, move to the start of any |
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4414 button at point. If @var{wrap} is non-@code{nil}, moving past either |
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4415 end of the buffer continues from the other end. If |
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4416 @var{display-message} is non-@code{nil}, the button's help-echo string |
53468
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4417 is displayed. Any button with a non-@code{nil} @code{skip} property |
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4418 is skipped over. Returns the button found. |
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4419 @end deffn |
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4420 |
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4421 @defun next-button pos &optional count-current |
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4422 @tindex next-button |
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4423 Return the next button after position @var{pos} in the current buffer. |
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4424 If @var{count-current} is non-@code{nil}, count any button at |
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4425 @var{pos} in the search, instead of starting at the next button. |
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4426 @end defun |
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4427 |
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4428 @defun previous-button pos &optional count-current |
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4429 @tindex previous-button |
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4430 Return the @var{n}th button before position @var{pos} in the current |
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4431 buffer. If @var{count-current} is non-@code{nil}, count any button at |
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4432 @var{pos} in the search, instead of starting at the next button. |
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4433 @end defun |
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4434 |
6598 | 4435 @node Blinking |
4436 @section Blinking Parentheses | |
4437 @cindex parenthesis matching | |
4438 @cindex blinking | |
4439 @cindex balancing parentheses | |
4440 @cindex close parenthesis | |
4441 | |
4442 This section describes the mechanism by which Emacs shows a matching | |
4443 open parenthesis when the user inserts a close parenthesis. | |
4444 | |
4445 @defvar blink-paren-function | |
4446 The value of this variable should be a function (of no arguments) to | |
4447 be called whenever a character with close parenthesis syntax is inserted. | |
4448 The value of @code{blink-paren-function} may be @code{nil}, in which | |
4449 case nothing is done. | |
4450 @end defvar | |
4451 | |
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4452 @defopt blink-matching-paren |
6598 | 4453 If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{blink-matching-open} does |
4454 nothing. | |
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4455 @end defopt |
6598 | 4456 |
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4457 @defopt blink-matching-paren-distance |
6598 | 4458 This variable specifies the maximum distance to scan for a matching |
4459 parenthesis before giving up. | |
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4460 @end defopt |
6598 | 4461 |
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4462 @defopt blink-matching-delay |
12098 | 4463 This variable specifies the number of seconds for the cursor to remain |
4464 at the matching parenthesis. A fraction of a second often gives | |
4465 good results, but the default is 1, which works on all systems. | |
22252
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4466 @end defopt |
12098 | 4467 |
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4468 @deffn Command blink-matching-open |
6598 | 4469 This function is the default value of @code{blink-paren-function}. It |
4470 assumes that point follows a character with close parenthesis syntax and | |
4471 moves the cursor momentarily to the matching opening character. If that | |
4472 character is not already on the screen, it displays the character's | |
4473 context in the echo area. To avoid long delays, this function does not | |
4474 search farther than @code{blink-matching-paren-distance} characters. | |
4475 | |
4476 Here is an example of calling this function explicitly. | |
4477 | |
4478 @smallexample | |
4479 @group | |
4480 (defun interactive-blink-matching-open () | |
4481 @c Do not break this line! -- rms. | |
4482 @c The first line of a doc string | |
4483 @c must stand alone. | |
4484 "Indicate momentarily the start of sexp before point." | |
4485 (interactive) | |
4486 @end group | |
4487 @group | |
4488 (let ((blink-matching-paren-distance | |
4489 (buffer-size)) | |
4490 (blink-matching-paren t)) | |
4491 (blink-matching-open))) | |
4492 @end group | |
4493 @end smallexample | |
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4494 @end deffn |
6598 | 4495 |
4496 @node Usual Display | |
4497 @section Usual Display Conventions | |
4498 | |
4499 The usual display conventions define how to display each character | |
4500 code. You can override these conventions by setting up a display table | |
4501 (@pxref{Display Tables}). Here are the usual display conventions: | |
4502 | |
4503 @itemize @bullet | |
4504 @item | |
4505 Character codes 32 through 126 map to glyph codes 32 through 126. | |
4506 Normally this means they display as themselves. | |
4507 | |
4508 @item | |
4509 Character code 9 is a horizontal tab. It displays as whitespace | |
4510 up to a position determined by @code{tab-width}. | |
4511 | |
4512 @item | |
4513 Character code 10 is a newline. | |
4514 | |
4515 @item | |
4516 All other codes in the range 0 through 31, and code 127, display in one | |
9009 | 4517 of two ways according to the value of @code{ctl-arrow}. If it is |
6598 | 4518 non-@code{nil}, these codes map to sequences of two glyphs, where the |
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4519 first glyph is the @acronym{ASCII} code for @samp{^}. (A display table can |
6598 | 4520 specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{^}.) Otherwise, these codes map |
4521 just like the codes in the range 128 to 255. | |
4522 | |
25751
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4523 On MS-DOS terminals, Emacs arranges by default for the character code |
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4524 127 to be mapped to the glyph code 127, which normally displays as an |
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4525 empty polygon. This glyph is used to display non-@acronym{ASCII} characters |
25751
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4526 that the MS-DOS terminal doesn't support. @xref{MS-DOS and MULE,,, |
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4527 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
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4528 |
6598 | 4529 @item |
4530 Character codes 128 through 255 map to sequences of four glyphs, where | |
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|
4531 the first glyph is the @acronym{ASCII} code for @samp{\}, and the others are |
22138
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4532 digit characters representing the character code in octal. (A display |
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4533 table can specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{\}.) |
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4534 |
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4535 @item |
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4536 Multibyte character codes above 256 are displayed as themselves, or as a |
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4537 question mark or empty box if the terminal cannot display that |
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|
4538 character. |
6598 | 4539 @end itemize |
4540 | |
4541 The usual display conventions apply even when there is a display | |
4542 table, for any character whose entry in the active display table is | |
4543 @code{nil}. Thus, when you set up a display table, you need only | |
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4544 specify the characters for which you want special behavior. |
6598 | 4545 |
24951
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4546 These display rules apply to carriage return (character code 13), when |
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4547 it appears in the buffer. But that character may not appear in the |
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4548 buffer where you expect it, if it was eliminated as part of end-of-line |
25454 | 4549 conversion (@pxref{Coding System Basics}). |
24951
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4550 |
6598 | 4551 These variables affect the way certain characters are displayed on the |
4552 screen. Since they change the number of columns the characters occupy, | |
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4553 they also affect the indentation functions. These variables also affect |
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4554 how the mode line is displayed; if you want to force redisplay of the |
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4555 mode line using the new values, call the function |
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4556 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}). |
6598 | 4557 |
4558 @defopt ctl-arrow | |
4559 @cindex control characters in display | |
4560 This buffer-local variable controls how control characters are | |
4561 displayed. If it is non-@code{nil}, they are displayed as a caret | |
4562 followed by the character: @samp{^A}. If it is @code{nil}, they are | |
4563 displayed as a backslash followed by three octal digits: @samp{\001}. | |
4564 @end defopt | |
4565 | |
4566 @c Following may have overfull hbox. | |
4567 @defvar default-ctl-arrow | |
4568 The value of this variable is the default value for @code{ctl-arrow} in | |
4569 buffers that do not override it. @xref{Default Value}. | |
4570 @end defvar | |
4571 | |
58496
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4572 @defopt tab-width |
65369
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4573 The value of this buffer-local variable is the spacing between tab |
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4574 stops used for displaying tab characters in Emacs buffers. The value |
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4575 is in units of columns, and the default is 8. Note that this feature |
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4576 is completely independent of the user-settable tab stops used by the |
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4577 command @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. @xref{Indent Tabs}. |
58496
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4578 @end defopt |
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4579 |
26696
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Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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4580 @defopt indicate-empty-lines |
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4581 @tindex indicate-empty-lines |
42905
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4582 @cindex fringes, and empty line indication |
52141
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4583 When this is non-@code{nil}, Emacs displays a special glyph in the |
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4584 fringe of each empty line at the end of the buffer, on terminals that |
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4585 support it (window systems). @xref{Fringes}. |
65369
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4586 This variable is automatically buffer-local in every buffer. |
26696
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4587 @end defopt |
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4588 |
58496
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4589 @defvar indicate-buffer-boundaries |
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4590 This buffer-local variable controls how the buffer boundaries and |
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4591 window scrolling are indicated in the window fringes. |
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4592 |
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4593 Emacs can indicate the buffer boundaries---that is, the first and last |
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4594 line in the buffer---with angle icons when they appear on the screen. |
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4595 In addition, Emacs can display an up-arrow in the fringe to show |
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4596 that there is text above the screen, and a down-arrow to show |
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4597 there is text below the screen. |
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4598 |
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4599 There are four kinds of basic values: |
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4600 |
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4601 @table @asis |
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4602 @item @code{nil} |
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4603 Don't display the icons. |
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4604 @item @code{left} |
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4605 Display them in the left fringe. |
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4606 @item @code{right} |
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4607 Display them in the right fringe. |
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4608 @item @var{anything-else} |
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4609 Display the icon at the top of the window top in the left fringe, and other |
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4610 in the right fringe. |
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4611 @end table |
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4612 |
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4613 If value is a cons @code{(@var{angles} . @var{arrows})}, @var{angles} |
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4614 controls the angle icons, and @var{arrows} controls the arrows. Both |
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4615 @var{angles} and @var{arrows} work according to the table above. |
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4616 Thus, @code{(t . right)} places the top angle icon in the left |
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4617 fringe, the bottom angle icon in the right fringe, and both arrows in |
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4618 the right fringe. |
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4619 @end defvar |
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4620 |
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|
4621 @defvar default-indicate-buffer-boundaries |
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4622 The value of this variable is the default value for |
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4623 @code{indicate-buffer-boundaries} in buffers that do not override it. |
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4624 @end defvar |
6598 | 4625 |
4626 @node Display Tables | |
4627 @section Display Tables | |
4628 | |
4629 @cindex display table | |
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4630 You can use the @dfn{display table} feature to control how all possible |
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4631 character codes display on the screen. This is useful for displaying |
52978
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4632 European languages that have letters not in the @acronym{ASCII} character |
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4633 set. |
6598 | 4634 |
4635 The display table maps each character code into a sequence of | |
25751
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4636 @dfn{glyphs}, each glyph being a graphic that takes up one character |
6598 | 4637 position on the screen. You can also define how to display each glyph |
4638 on your terminal, using the @dfn{glyph table}. | |
4639 | |
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4640 Display tables affect how the mode line is displayed; if you want to |
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4641 force redisplay of the mode line using a new display table, call |
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4642 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}). |
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4643 |
6598 | 4644 @menu |
53467
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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4645 * Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of. |
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4646 * Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use. |
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4647 * Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean. |
6598 | 4648 @end menu |
4649 | |
4650 @node Display Table Format | |
4651 @subsection Display Table Format | |
4652 | |
22138
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4653 A display table is actually a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}) with |
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4654 @code{display-table} as its subtype. |
6598 | 4655 |
4656 @defun make-display-table | |
4657 This creates and returns a display table. The table initially has | |
4658 @code{nil} in all elements. | |
4659 @end defun | |
4660 | |
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4661 The ordinary elements of the display table are indexed by character |
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4662 codes; the element at index @var{c} says how to display the character |
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4663 code @var{c}. The value should be @code{nil} or a vector of glyph |
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4664 values (@pxref{Glyphs}). If an element is @code{nil}, it says to |
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4665 display that character according to the usual display conventions |
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4666 (@pxref{Usual Display}). |
12067 | 4667 |
4668 If you use the display table to change the display of newline | |
4669 characters, the whole buffer will be displayed as one long ``line.'' | |
6598 | 4670 |
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4671 The display table also has six ``extra slots'' which serve special |
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4672 purposes. Here is a table of their meanings; @code{nil} in any slot |
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4673 means to use the default for that slot, as stated below. |
6598 | 4674 |
4675 @table @asis | |
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4676 @item 0 |
6598 | 4677 The glyph for the end of a truncated screen line (the default for this |
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4678 is @samp{$}). @xref{Glyphs}. On graphical terminals, Emacs uses |
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4679 arrows in the fringes to indicate truncation, so the display table has |
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4680 no effect. |
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4681 |
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4682 @item 1 |
6598 | 4683 The glyph for the end of a continued line (the default is @samp{\}). |
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4684 On graphical terminals, Emacs uses curved arrows in the fringes to |
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4685 indicate continuation, so the display table has no effect. |
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4686 |
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|
4687 @item 2 |
6598 | 4688 The glyph for indicating a character displayed as an octal character |
4689 code (the default is @samp{\}). | |
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4690 |
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4691 @item 3 |
6598 | 4692 The glyph for indicating a control character (the default is @samp{^}). |
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4693 |
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4694 @item 4 |
6598 | 4695 A vector of glyphs for indicating the presence of invisible lines (the |
4696 default is @samp{...}). @xref{Selective Display}. | |
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4697 |
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4698 @item 5 |
8925 | 4699 The glyph used to draw the border between side-by-side windows (the |
25751
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4700 default is @samp{|}). @xref{Splitting Windows}. This takes effect only |
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4701 when there are no scroll bars; if scroll bars are supported and in use, |
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4702 a scroll bar separates the two windows. |
6598 | 4703 @end table |
4704 | |
4705 For example, here is how to construct a display table that mimics the | |
4706 effect of setting @code{ctl-arrow} to a non-@code{nil} value: | |
4707 | |
4708 @example | |
4709 (setq disptab (make-display-table)) | |
4710 (let ((i 0)) | |
4711 (while (< i 32) | |
4712 (or (= i ?\t) (= i ?\n) | |
4713 (aset disptab i (vector ?^ (+ i 64)))) | |
4714 (setq i (1+ i))) | |
4715 (aset disptab 127 (vector ?^ ??))) | |
4716 @end example | |
4717 | |
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4718 @defun display-table-slot display-table slot |
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4719 This function returns the value of the extra slot @var{slot} of |
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4720 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to |
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4721 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are |
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4722 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control}, |
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4723 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}. |
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4724 @end defun |
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4725 |
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4726 @defun set-display-table-slot display-table slot value |
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4727 This function stores @var{value} in the extra slot @var{slot} of |
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4728 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to |
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4729 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are |
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4730 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control}, |
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4731 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}. |
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4732 @end defun |
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4733 |
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4734 @defun describe-display-table display-table |
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4735 @tindex describe-display-table |
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4736 This function displays a description of the display table |
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4737 @var{display-table} in a help buffer. |
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4738 @end defun |
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4739 |
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4740 @deffn Command describe-current-display-table |
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4741 @tindex describe-current-display-table |
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4742 This command displays a description of the current display table in a |
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4743 help buffer. |
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4744 @end deffn |
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4745 |
6598 | 4746 @node Active Display Table |
4747 @subsection Active Display Table | |
4748 @cindex active display table | |
4749 | |
4750 Each window can specify a display table, and so can each buffer. When | |
4751 a buffer @var{b} is displayed in window @var{w}, display uses the | |
4752 display table for window @var{w} if it has one; otherwise, the display | |
4753 table for buffer @var{b} if it has one; otherwise, the standard display | |
4754 table if any. The display table chosen is called the @dfn{active} | |
4755 display table. | |
4756 | |
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4757 @defun window-display-table &optional window |
6598 | 4758 This function returns @var{window}'s display table, or @code{nil} |
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4759 if @var{window} does not have an assigned display table. The default |
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4760 for @var{window} is the selected window. |
6598 | 4761 @end defun |
4762 | |
4763 @defun set-window-display-table window table | |
4764 This function sets the display table of @var{window} to @var{table}. | |
4765 The argument @var{table} should be either a display table or | |
4766 @code{nil}. | |
4767 @end defun | |
4768 | |
4769 @defvar buffer-display-table | |
21682
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4770 This variable is automatically buffer-local in all buffers; its value in |
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4771 a particular buffer specifies the display table for that buffer. If it |
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4772 is @code{nil}, that means the buffer does not have an assigned display |
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4773 table. |
6598 | 4774 @end defvar |
4775 | |
4776 @defvar standard-display-table | |
4777 This variable's value is the default display table, used whenever a | |
4778 window has no display table and neither does the buffer displayed in | |
4779 that window. This variable is @code{nil} by default. | |
4780 @end defvar | |
4781 | |
4782 If there is no display table to use for a particular window---that is, | |
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4783 if the window specifies none, its buffer specifies none, and |
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4784 @code{standard-display-table} is @code{nil}---then Emacs uses the usual |
6598 | 4785 display conventions for all character codes in that window. @xref{Usual |
4786 Display}. | |
4787 | |
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4788 A number of functions for changing the standard display table |
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4789 are defined in the library @file{disp-table}. |
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4790 |
6598 | 4791 @node Glyphs |
4792 @subsection Glyphs | |
4793 | |
4794 @cindex glyph | |
4795 A @dfn{glyph} is a generalization of a character; it stands for an | |
4796 image that takes up a single character position on the screen. Glyphs | |
47482
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4797 are represented in Lisp as integers, just as characters are. Normally |
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4798 Emacs finds glyphs in the display table (@pxref{Display Tables}). |
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4799 |
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4800 A glyph can be @dfn{simple} or it can be defined by the @dfn{glyph |
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4801 table}. A simple glyph is just a way of specifying a character and a |
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4802 face to output it in. The glyph code for a simple glyph, mod 524288, |
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4803 is the character to output, and the glyph code divided by 524288 |
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4804 specifies the face number (@pxref{Face Functions}) to use while |
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4805 outputting it. (524288 is |
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4806 @ifnottex |
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4807 2**19.) |
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4808 @end ifnottex |
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4809 @tex |
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|
4810 $2^{19}$.) |
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|
4811 @end tex |
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4812 @xref{Faces}. |
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4813 |
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4814 On character terminals, you can set up a @dfn{glyph table} to define |
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4815 the meaning of glyph codes. The glyph codes is the value of the |
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4816 variable @code{glyph-table}. |
6598 | 4817 |
4818 @defvar glyph-table | |
4819 The value of this variable is the current glyph table. It should be a | |
49600
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4820 vector; the @var{g}th element defines glyph code @var{g}. |
47482
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|
4821 |
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4822 If a glyph code is greater than or equal to the length of the glyph |
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4823 table, that code is automatically simple. If the value of |
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4824 @code{glyph-table} is @code{nil} instead of a vector, then all glyphs |
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4825 are simple. The glyph table is not used on graphical displays, only |
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4826 on character terminals. On graphical displays, all glyphs are simple. |
6598 | 4827 @end defvar |
4828 | |
4829 Here are the possible types of elements in the glyph table: | |
4830 | |
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4831 @table @asis |
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4832 @item @var{string} |
6598 | 4833 Send the characters in @var{string} to the terminal to output |
4834 this glyph. This alternative is available on character terminals, | |
21682
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4835 but not under a window system. |
6598 | 4836 |
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4837 @item @var{integer} |
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4838 Define this glyph code as an alias for glyph code @var{integer}. You |
47482
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4839 can use an alias to specify a face code for the glyph and use a small |
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4840 number as its code. |
6598 | 4841 |
4842 @item @code{nil} | |
47482
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4843 This glyph is simple. |
6598 | 4844 @end table |
4845 | |
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4846 @defun create-glyph string |
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4847 @tindex create-glyph |
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4848 This function returns a newly-allocated glyph code which is set up to |
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4849 display by sending @var{string} to the terminal. |
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4850 @end defun |
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4851 |
6598 | 4852 @node Beeping |
4853 @section Beeping | |
4854 @cindex beeping | |
4855 @cindex bell | |
4856 | |
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4857 This section describes how to make Emacs ring the bell (or blink the |
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4858 screen) to attract the user's attention. Be conservative about how |
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4859 often you do this; frequent bells can become irritating. Also be |
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4860 careful not to use just beeping when signaling an error is more |
59493
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(Beeping): Fix Texinfo usage.
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4861 appropriate. (@xref{Errors}.) |
6598 | 4862 |
22138
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4863 @defun ding &optional do-not-terminate |
6598 | 4864 @cindex keyboard macro termination |
4865 This function beeps, or flashes the screen (see @code{visible-bell} below). | |
4866 It also terminates any keyboard macro currently executing unless | |
22138
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4867 @var{do-not-terminate} is non-@code{nil}. |
6598 | 4868 @end defun |
4869 | |
22138
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4870 @defun beep &optional do-not-terminate |
6598 | 4871 This is a synonym for @code{ding}. |
4872 @end defun | |
4873 | |
22252
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4874 @defopt visible-bell |
6598 | 4875 This variable determines whether Emacs should flash the screen to |
4876 represent a bell. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. This | |
21682
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4877 is effective on a window system, and on a character-only terminal |
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4878 provided the terminal's Termcap entry defines the visible bell |
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4879 capability (@samp{vb}). |
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4880 @end defopt |
6598 | 4881 |
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4882 @defvar ring-bell-function |
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4883 If this is non-@code{nil}, it specifies how Emacs should ``ring the |
25875 | 4884 bell.'' Its value should be a function of no arguments. If this is |
4885 non-@code{nil}, it takes precedence over the @code{visible-bell} | |
4886 variable. | |
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4887 @end defvar |
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4888 |
6598 | 4889 @node Window Systems |
4890 @section Window Systems | |
4891 | |
4892 Emacs works with several window systems, most notably the X Window | |
4893 System. Both Emacs and X use the term ``window'', but use it | |
4894 differently. An Emacs frame is a single window as far as X is | |
4895 concerned; the individual Emacs windows are not known to X at all. | |
4896 | |
4897 @defvar window-system | |
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4898 This variable tells Lisp programs what window system Emacs is running |
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4899 under. The possible values are |
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4900 |
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4901 @table @code |
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4902 @item x |
6598 | 4903 @cindex X Window System |
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4904 Emacs is displaying using X. |
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4905 @item pc |
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4906 Emacs is displaying using MS-DOS. |
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4907 @item w32 |
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4908 Emacs is displaying using Windows. |
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4909 @item mac |
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4910 Emacs is displaying using a Macintosh. |
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4911 @item nil |
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4912 Emacs is using a character-based terminal. |
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4913 @end table |
6598 | 4914 @end defvar |
4915 | |
4916 @defvar window-setup-hook | |
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4917 This variable is a normal hook which Emacs runs after handling the |
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4918 initialization files. Emacs runs this hook after it has completed |
25875 | 4919 loading your init file, the default initialization file (if |
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4920 any), and the terminal-specific Lisp code, and running the hook |
6598 | 4921 @code{term-setup-hook}. |
4922 | |
4923 This hook is used for internal purposes: setting up communication with | |
4924 the window system, and creating the initial window. Users should not | |
4925 interfere with it. | |
4926 @end defvar | |
52401 | 4927 |
4928 @ignore | |
4929 arch-tag: ffdf5714-7ecf-415b-9023-fbc6b409c2c6 | |
4930 @end ignore |