annotate man/msdog.texi @ 69787:b594b04b71fb

*** empty log message ***
author Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
date Tue, 04 Apr 2006 01:32:11 +0000
parents dc2d5a6655a3
children 601830ae280c c5406394f567
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
64890
3723093a21fd Update years in copyright notice; nfc.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 64742
diff changeset
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
68639
dc2d5a6655a3 Update years in copyright notice; nfc.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents: 68544
diff changeset
3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
34200
551b6c1b5ee5 Update due to inclusion of macos.texi.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31060
diff changeset
5 @node MS-DOS, Manifesto, Mac OS, Top
68460
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
6 @appendix Emacs and Microsoft Systems
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
7 @cindex MS-DOG
68460
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
8 @cindex Microsoft Windows
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
9 @cindex MS-DOS peculiarities
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
10
68460
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
11 This section briefly describes the peculiarities of using Emacs on
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
12 the MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG'') and on
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
13 Microsoft Windows.
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
14
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
15 If you build Emacs for MS-DOS, the binary will also run on Windows
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
16 3.X, Windows NT, Windows 9X/ME, Windows 2000, or OS/2 as a DOS
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
17 application; all the of this chapter applies for all of those systems,
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
18 if you use an Emacs that was built for MS-DOS.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
19
68460
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
20 However, if you want to use Emacs on Windows, you would normally
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
21 build Emacs specifically for Windows. If you do that, most of this
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
22 chapter does not apply; instead, you get behavior much closer to what
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
23 is documented in the rest of the manual, including support for long
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
24 file names, multiple frames, scroll bars, mouse menus, and
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
25 subprocesses. However, the section on text files and binary files
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
26 does still apply. There are also two sections at the end of this
bb56c788af45 (MS-DOS): Rewrite intro to explain how this
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 64890
diff changeset
27 chapter which apply specifically for the Windows version.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
28
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
29 @menu
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
30 * Keyboard: MS-DOS Keyboard. Keyboard conventions on MS-DOS.
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
31 * Mouse: MS-DOS Mouse. Mouse conventions on MS-DOS.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
32 * Display: MS-DOS Display. Fonts, frames and display size on MS-DOS.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
33 * Files: MS-DOS File Names. File name conventions on MS-DOS.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
34 * Text and Binary:: Text files on MS-DOS use CRLF to separate lines.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
35 * Printing: MS-DOS Printing. How to specify the printer on MS-DOS.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
36 * I18N: MS-DOS and MULE. Support for internationalization on MS-DOS.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
37 * Processes: MS-DOS Processes. Running subprocesses on MS-DOS.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
38 * Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
39 * Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
40 @end menu
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
41
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
42 @node MS-DOS Keyboard
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
43 @section Keyboard Usage on MS-DOS
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
44
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
45 @kindex DEL @r{(MS-DOS)}
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
46 @kindex BS @r{(MS-DOS)}
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
47 The key that is called @key{DEL} in Emacs (because that's how it is
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
48 designated on most workstations) is known as @key{BS} (backspace) on a
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
49 PC. That is why the PC-specific terminal initialization remaps the
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
50 @key{BS} key to act as @key{DEL}; the @key{DELETE} key is remapped to act
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
51 as @kbd{C-d} for the same reasons.
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
52
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
53 @kindex C-g @r{(MS-DOS)}
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
54 @kindex C-BREAK @r{(MS-DOS)}
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
55 @cindex quitting on MS-DOS
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
56 Emacs built for MS-DOS recognizes @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} as a quit
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
57 character, just like @kbd{C-g}. This is because Emacs cannot detect
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
58 that you have typed @kbd{C-g} until it is ready for more input. As a
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
59 consequence, you cannot use @kbd{C-g} to stop a running command
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
60 (@pxref{Quitting}). By contrast, @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} @emph{is} detected
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
61 as soon as you type it (as @kbd{C-g} is on other systems), so it can be
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
62 used to stop a running command and for emergency escape
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
63 (@pxref{Emergency Escape}).
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
64
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
65 @cindex Meta (under MS-DOS)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
66 @cindex Hyper (under MS-DOS)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
67 @cindex Super (under MS-DOS)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
68 @vindex dos-super-key
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
69 @vindex dos-hyper-key
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
70 The PC keyboard maps use the left @key{ALT} key as the @key{META} key.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
71 You have two choices for emulating the @key{SUPER} and @key{HYPER} keys:
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
72 choose either the right @key{CTRL} key or the right @key{ALT} key by
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
73 setting the variables @code{dos-hyper-key} and @code{dos-super-key} to 1
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
74 or 2 respectively. If neither @code{dos-super-key} nor
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
75 @code{dos-hyper-key} is 1, then by default the right @key{ALT} key is
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
76 also mapped to the @key{META} key. However, if the MS-DOS international
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
77 keyboard support program @file{KEYB.COM} is installed, Emacs will
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
78 @emph{not} map the right @key{ALT} to @key{META}, since it is used for
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
79 accessing characters like @kbd{~} and @kbd{@@} on non-US keyboard
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
80 layouts; in this case, you may only use the left @key{ALT} as @key{META}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
81 key.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
82
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
83 @kindex C-j @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
84 @vindex dos-keypad-mode
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
85 The variable @code{dos-keypad-mode} is a flag variable that controls
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
86 what key codes are returned by keys in the numeric keypad. You can also
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
87 define the keypad @key{ENTER} key to act like @kbd{C-j}, by putting the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
88 following line into your @file{_emacs} file:
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
89
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
90 @smallexample
37847
d5fbaec503ab Minor fixes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 37264
diff changeset
91 ;; @r{Make the @key{ENTER} key from the numeric keypad act as @kbd{C-j}.}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
92 (define-key function-key-map [kp-enter] [?\C-j])
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
93 @end smallexample
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
94
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
95 @node MS-DOS Mouse
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
96 @section Mouse Usage on MS-DOS
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
97
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
98 @cindex mouse support under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
99 Emacs on MS-DOS supports a mouse (on the default terminal only).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
100 The mouse commands work as documented, including those that use menus
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
101 and the menu bar (@pxref{Menu Bar}). Scroll bars don't work in
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
102 MS-DOS Emacs. PC mice usually have only two buttons; these act as
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
103 @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2}, but if you press both of them
30534
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
104 together, that has the effect of @kbd{Mouse-3}. If the mouse does have
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
105 3 buttons, Emacs detects that at startup, and all the 3 buttons function
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
106 normally, as on X.
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
107
31057
40ac457814bc Document support for help strings and mouse highlight.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30534
diff changeset
108 Help strings for menu-bar and pop-up menus are displayed in the echo
40ac457814bc Document support for help strings and mouse highlight.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30534
diff changeset
109 area when the mouse pointer moves across the menu items.
40ac457814bc Document support for help strings and mouse highlight.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30534
diff changeset
110 Highlighting of mouse-sensitive text (@pxref{Mouse References}) is also
40ac457814bc Document support for help strings and mouse highlight.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30534
diff changeset
111 supported.
40ac457814bc Document support for help strings and mouse highlight.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 30534
diff changeset
112
30534
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
113 @cindex mouse, set number of buttons
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
114 @findex msdos-set-mouse-buttons
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
115 Some versions of mouse drivers don't report the number of mouse
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
116 buttons correctly. For example, mice with a wheel report that they
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
117 have 3 buttons, but only 2 of them are passed to Emacs; the clicks on
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
118 the wheel, which serves as the middle button, are not passed. In
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
119 these cases, you can use the @kbd{M-x msdos-set-mouse-buttons} command
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
120 to tell Emacs how many mouse buttons to expect. You could make such a
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
121 setting permanent by adding this fragment to your @file{_emacs} init
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
122 file:
30534
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
123
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
124 @example
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
125 ;; @r{Treat the mouse like a 2-button mouse.}
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
126 (msdos-set-mouse-buttons 2)
30534
cddd0f1a86b1 (MS-DOS Input): Document msdos-set-mouse-buttons.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29853
diff changeset
127 @end example
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
128
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
129 @cindex Windows clipboard support
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
130 Emacs built for MS-DOS supports clipboard operations when it runs on
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
131 Windows. Commands that put text on the kill ring, or yank text from the
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34293
diff changeset
132 ring, check the Windows clipboard first, just as Emacs does on the X
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34293
diff changeset
133 Window System (@pxref{Mouse Commands}). Only the primary selection and
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34293
diff changeset
134 the cut buffer are supported by MS-DOS Emacs on Windows; the secondary
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34293
diff changeset
135 selection always appears as empty.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
136
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
137 Due to the way clipboard access is implemented by Windows, the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
138 length of text you can put into the clipboard is limited by the amount
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
139 of free DOS memory that is available to Emacs. Usually, up to 620KB of
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
140 text can be put into the clipboard, but this limit depends on the system
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
141 configuration and is lower if you run Emacs as a subprocess of
38869
8be184904f6c Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38865
diff changeset
142 another program. If the killed text does not fit, Emacs outputs a
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
143 message saying so, and does not put the text into the clipboard.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
144
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
145 Null characters also cannot be put into the Windows clipboard. If the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
146 killed text includes null characters, Emacs does not put such text into
38869
8be184904f6c Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38865
diff changeset
147 the clipboard, and displays in the echo area a message to that effect.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
148
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
149 @vindex dos-display-scancodes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
150 The variable @code{dos-display-scancodes}, when non-@code{nil},
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
151 directs Emacs to display the @acronym{ASCII} value and the keyboard scan code of
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
152 each keystroke; this feature serves as a complement to the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
153 @code{view-lossage} command, for debugging.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
154
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
155 @node MS-DOS Display
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
156 @section Display on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
157 @cindex faces under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
158 @cindex fonts, emulating under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
159
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
160 Display on MS-DOS cannot use font variants, like bold or italic,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
161 but it does support
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
162 multiple faces, each of which can specify a foreground and a background
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
163 color. Therefore, you can get the full functionality of Emacs packages
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
164 that use fonts (such as @code{font-lock}, Enriched Text mode, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
165 others) by defining the relevant faces to use different colors. Use the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
166 @code{list-colors-display} command (@pxref{Frame Parameters}) and the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
167 @code{list-faces-display} command (@pxref{Faces}) to see what colors and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
168 faces are available and what they look like.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
169
37847
d5fbaec503ab Minor fixes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 37264
diff changeset
170 @xref{MS-DOS and MULE}, later in this chapter, for information on
d5fbaec503ab Minor fixes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 37264
diff changeset
171 how Emacs displays glyphs and characters that aren't supported by the
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
172 native font built into the DOS display.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
173
28093
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
174 @cindex cursor shape on MS-DOS
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
175 When Emacs starts, it changes the cursor shape to a solid box. This
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
176 is for compatibility with other systems, where the box cursor is the
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
177 default in Emacs. This default shape can be changed to a bar by
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
178 specifying the @code{cursor-type} parameter in the variable
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
179 @code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). The MS-DOS
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
180 terminal doesn't support a vertical-bar cursor, so the bar cursor is
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
181 horizontal, and the @code{@var{width}} parameter, if specified by the
44696
7248f6ca013d (MS-DOS Display): `bar' and `hbar' cursors are identical on MS-DOS.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39142
diff changeset
182 frame parameters, actually determines its height. For this reason,
7248f6ca013d (MS-DOS Display): `bar' and `hbar' cursors are identical on MS-DOS.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39142
diff changeset
183 the @code{bar} and @code{hbar} cursor types produce the same effect on
7248f6ca013d (MS-DOS Display): `bar' and `hbar' cursors are identical on MS-DOS.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39142
diff changeset
184 MS-DOS. As an extension, the bar cursor specification can include the
7248f6ca013d (MS-DOS Display): `bar' and `hbar' cursors are identical on MS-DOS.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 39142
diff changeset
185 starting scan line of the cursor as well as its width, like this:
28093
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
186
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
187 @example
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
188 '(cursor-type bar @var{width} . @var{start})
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
189 @end example
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
190
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
191 @noindent
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
192 In addition, if the @var{width} parameter is negative, the cursor bar
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
193 begins at the top of the character cell.
3e652235df91 (MS-DOS Display) Explain the differences in cursor type control
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 27213
diff changeset
194
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
195 @cindex frames on MS-DOS
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
196 The MS-DOS terminal can only display a single frame at a time. The
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
197 Emacs frame facilities work on MS-DOS much as they do on text-only
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
198 terminals (@pxref{Frames}). When you run Emacs from a DOS window on
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
199 MS-Windows, you can make the visible frame smaller than the full
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
200 screen, but Emacs still cannot display more than a single frame at a
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
201 time.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
202
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
203 @cindex frame size under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
204 @findex mode4350
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
205 @findex mode25
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
206 The @code{mode4350} command switches the display to 43 or 50
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
207 lines, depending on your hardware; the @code{mode25} command switches
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
208 to the default 80x25 screen size.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
209
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
210 By default, Emacs only knows how to set screen sizes of 80 columns by
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
211 25, 28, 35, 40, 43 or 50 rows. However, if your video adapter has
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
212 special video modes that will switch the display to other sizes, you can
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
213 have Emacs support those too. When you ask Emacs to switch the frame to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
214 @var{n} rows by @var{m} columns dimensions, it checks if there is a
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
215 variable called @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}}, and if so,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
216 uses its value (which must be an integer) as the video mode to switch
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
217 to. (Emacs switches to that video mode by calling the BIOS @code{Set
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
218 Video Mode} function with the value of
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
219 @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} in the @code{AL} register.)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
220 For example, suppose your adapter will switch to 66x80 dimensions when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
221 put into video mode 85. Then you can make Emacs support this screen
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
222 size by putting the following into your @file{_emacs} file:
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
223
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
224 @example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
225 (setq screen-dimensions-66x80 85)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
226 @end example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
227
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
228 Since Emacs on MS-DOS can only set the frame size to specific
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
229 supported dimensions, it cannot honor every possible frame resizing
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
230 request. When an unsupported size is requested, Emacs chooses the next
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
231 larger supported size beyond the specified size. For example, if you
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
232 ask for 36x80 frame, you will get 40x80 instead.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
233
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
234 The variables @code{screen-dimensions-@var{n}x@var{m}} are used only
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
235 when they exactly match the specified size; the search for the next
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
236 larger supported size ignores them. In the above example, even if your
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
237 VGA supports 38x80 dimensions and you define a variable
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
238 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80} with a suitable value, you will still get
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
239 40x80 screen when you ask for a 36x80 frame. If you want to get the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
240 38x80 size in this case, you can do it by setting the variable named
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
241 @code{screen-dimensions-36x80} with the same video mode value as
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
242 @code{screen-dimensions-38x80}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
243
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
244 Changing frame dimensions on MS-DOS has the effect of changing all the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
245 other frames to the new dimensions.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
246
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
247 @node MS-DOS File Names
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
248 @section File Names on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
249 @cindex file names under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
250 @cindex init file, default name under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
251
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
252 MS-DOS normally uses a backslash, @samp{\}, to separate name units
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
253 within a file name, instead of the slash used on other systems. Emacs
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
254 on MS-DOS permits use of either slash or backslash, and also knows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
255 about drive letters in file names.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
256
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
257 On MS-DOS, file names are case-insensitive and limited to eight
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
258 characters, plus optionally a period and three more characters. Emacs
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
259 knows enough about these limitations to handle file names that were
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
260 meant for other operating systems. For instance, leading dots @samp{.}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
261 in file names are invalid in MS-DOS, so Emacs transparently converts
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
262 them to underscores @samp{_}; thus your default init file (@pxref{Init
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
263 File}) is called @file{_emacs} on MS-DOS. Excess characters before or
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
264 after the period are generally ignored by MS-DOS itself; thus, if you
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
265 visit the file @file{LongFileName.EvenLongerExtension}, you will
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
266 silently get @file{longfile.eve}, but Emacs will still display the long
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
267 file name on the mode line. Other than that, it's up to you to specify
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
268 file names which are valid under MS-DOS; the transparent conversion as
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
269 described above only works on file names built into Emacs.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
270
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
271 @cindex backup file names on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
272 The above restrictions on the file names on MS-DOS make it almost
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
273 impossible to construct the name of a backup file (@pxref{Backup
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
274 Names}) without losing some of the original file name characters. For
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
275 example, the name of a backup file for @file{docs.txt} is
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
276 @file{docs.tx~} even if single backup is used.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
277
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
278 @cindex file names under Windows 95/NT
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
279 @cindex long file names in DOS box under Windows 95/NT
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
280 If you run Emacs as a DOS application under Windows 9X, Windows ME, or
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
281 Windows 2000, you can turn on support for long file names. If you do
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
282 that, Emacs doesn't truncate file names or convert them to lower case;
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
283 instead, it uses the file names that you specify, verbatim. To enable
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
284 long file name support, set the environment variable @env{LFN} to
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
285 @samp{y} before starting Emacs. Unfortunately, Windows NT doesn't allow
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
286 DOS programs to access long file names, so Emacs built for MS-DOS will
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
287 only see their short 8+3 aliases.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
288
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28093
diff changeset
289 @cindex @env{HOME} directory under MS-DOS
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
290 MS-DOS has no notion of home directory, so Emacs on MS-DOS pretends
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
291 that the directory where it is installed is the value of the @env{HOME}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
292 environment variable. That is, if your Emacs binary,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
293 @file{emacs.exe}, is in the directory @file{c:/utils/emacs/bin}, then
29107
203ba1f77b7b *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 28093
diff changeset
294 Emacs acts as if @env{HOME} were set to @samp{c:/utils/emacs}. In
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
295 particular, that is where Emacs looks for the init file @file{_emacs}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
296 With this in mind, you can use @samp{~} in file names as an alias for
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
297 the home directory, as you would on GNU or Unix. You can also set
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
298 @env{HOME} variable in the environment before starting Emacs; its
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
299 value will then override the above default behavior.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
300
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
301 Emacs on MS-DOS handles the directory name @file{/dev} specially,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
302 because of a feature in the emulator libraries of DJGPP that pretends
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
303 I/O devices have names in that directory. We recommend that you avoid
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
304 using an actual directory named @file{/dev} on any disk.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
305
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
306 @node Text and Binary
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
307 @section Text Files and Binary Files
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
308 @cindex text and binary files on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
309
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
310 GNU Emacs uses newline characters to separate text lines. This is the
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
311 convention used on GNU and Unix.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
312
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
313 @cindex end-of-line conversion on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
314 MS-DOS and MS-Windows normally use carriage-return linefeed, a
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
315 two-character sequence, to separate text lines. (Linefeed is the same
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
316 character as newline.) Therefore, convenient editing of typical files
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
317 with Emacs requires conversion of these end-of-line (EOL) sequences.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
318 And that is what Emacs normally does: it converts carriage-return
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
319 linefeed into newline when reading files, and converts newline into
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
320 carriage-return linefeed when writing files. The same mechanism that
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
321 handles conversion of international character codes does this conversion
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
322 also (@pxref{Coding Systems}).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
323
29853
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
324 @cindex cursor location, on MS-DOS
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
325 @cindex point location, on MS-DOS
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
326 One consequence of this special format-conversion of most files is
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
327 that character positions as reported by Emacs (@pxref{Position Info}) do
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
328 not agree with the file size information known to the operating system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
329
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
330 In addition, if Emacs recognizes from a file's contents that it uses
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
331 newline rather than carriage-return linefeed as its line separator, it
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
332 does not perform EOL conversion when reading or writing that file.
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
333 Thus, you can read and edit files from GNU and Unix systems on MS-DOS
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
334 with no special effort, and they will retain their Unix-style
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
335 end-of-line convention after you edit them.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
336
29853
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
337 The mode line indicates whether end-of-line translation was used for
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
338 the current buffer. If MS-DOS end-of-line translation is in use for the
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
339 buffer, a backslash @samp{\} is displayed after the coding system
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
340 mnemonic near the beginning of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}). If no
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
341 EOL translation was performed, the string @samp{(Unix)} is displayed
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
342 instead of the backslash, to alert you that the file's EOL format is not
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
343 the usual carriage-return linefeed.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
344
29853
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
345 @cindex DOS-to-Unix conversion of files
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
346 To visit a file and specify whether it uses DOS-style or Unix-style
68544
d29761b06e4e (Text and Binary, MS-DOS and MULE): Fix xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68460
diff changeset
347 end-of-line, specify a coding system (@pxref{Text Coding}). For
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
348 example, @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c unix @key{RET} C-x C-f foobar.txt}
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
349 visits the file @file{foobar.txt} without converting the EOLs; if some
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
350 line ends with a carriage-return linefeed pair, Emacs will display
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
351 @samp{^M} at the end of that line. Similarly, you can direct Emacs to
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
352 save a buffer in a specified EOL format with the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f}
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
353 command. For example, to save a buffer with Unix EOL format, type
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
354 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} f unix @key{RET} C-x C-s}. If you visit a file
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
355 with DOS EOL conversion, then save it with Unix EOL format, that
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
356 effectively converts the file to Unix EOL style, like @code{dos2unix}.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
357
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
358 @cindex untranslated file system
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
359 @findex add-untranslated-filesystem
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
360 When you use NFS or Samba to access file systems that reside on
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
361 computers using GNU or Unix systems, Emacs should not perform
56165
920d5b4fe0a2 * msdog.texi (Text and Binary, MS-DOS Printing): Use m-dash.
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
362 end-of-line translation on any files in these file systems---not even
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
363 when you create a new file. To request this, designate these file
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
364 systems as @dfn{untranslated} file systems by calling the function
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
365 @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}. It takes one argument: the file
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
366 system name, including a drive letter and optionally a directory. For
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
367 example,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
368
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
369 @example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
370 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:")
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
371 @end example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
372
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
373 @noindent
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
374 designates drive Z as an untranslated file system, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
375
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
376 @example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
377 (add-untranslated-filesystem "Z:\\foo")
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
378 @end example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
379
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
380 @noindent
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
381 designates directory @file{\foo} on drive Z as an untranslated file
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
382 system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
383
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
384 Most often you would use @code{add-untranslated-filesystem} in your
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
385 @file{_emacs} file, or in @file{site-start.el} so that all the users at
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
386 your site get the benefit of it.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
387
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
388 @findex remove-untranslated-filesystem
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
389 To countermand the effect of @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}, use
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
390 the function @code{remove-untranslated-filesystem}. This function takes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
391 one argument, which should be a string just like the one that was used
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
392 previously with @code{add-untranslated-filesystem}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
393
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
394 Designating a file system as untranslated does not affect character
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
395 set conversion, only end-of-line conversion. Essentially, it directs
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
396 Emacs to create new files with the Unix-style convention of using
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
397 newline at the end of a line. @xref{Coding Systems}.
29853
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
398
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
399 @vindex file-name-buffer-file-type-alist
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
400 @cindex binary files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
401 Some kinds of files should not be converted at all, because their
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
402 contents are not really text. Therefore, Emacs on MS-DOS distinguishes
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
403 certain files as @dfn{binary files}. (This distinction is not part of
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
404 MS-DOS; it is made by Emacs only.) Binary files include executable
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
405 programs, compressed archives, etc. Emacs uses the file name to decide
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
406 whether to treat a file as binary: the variable
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
407 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} defines the file-name patterns
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
408 that indicate binary files. If a file name matches one of the patterns
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
409 for binary files (those whose associations are of the type
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
410 @code{(@var{pattern} . t)}, Emacs reads and writes that file using the
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
411 @code{no-conversion} coding system (@pxref{Coding Systems}) which turns
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
412 off @emph{all} coding-system conversions, not only the EOL conversion.
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
413 @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist} also includes file-name patterns
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
414 for files which are known to be DOS-style text files with
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
415 carriage-return linefeed EOL format, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}; Emacs
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
416 always writes those files with DOS-style EOLs.
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
417
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
418 If a file which belongs to an untranslated file system matches one of
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
419 the file-name patterns in @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}, the
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
420 EOL conversion is determined by @code{file-name-buffer-file-type-alist}.
d49e929bbdf6 (Text and Binary): Separate description of EOL
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 29107
diff changeset
421
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
422 @node MS-DOS Printing
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
423 @section Printing and MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
424
63008
914349ead656 (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS Processes): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 60110
diff changeset
425 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Printing}) and
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
426 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}) can work in MS-DOS and
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
427 MS-Windows by sending the output to one of the printer ports, if a
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
428 Posix-style @code{lpr} program is unavailable. The same Emacs
63008
914349ead656 (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS Processes): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 60110
diff changeset
429 variables control printing on all systems, but in some cases they have
914349ead656 (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS Processes): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 60110
diff changeset
430 different default values on MS-DOS and MS-Windows.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
431
24723
8576297b8add *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24715
diff changeset
432 @vindex printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433 If you want to use your local printer, printing on it in the usual DOS
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
434 manner, then set the Lisp variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{""} (its
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
435 default value) and @code{printer-name} to the name of the printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
436 port---for example, @code{"PRN"}, the usual local printer port (that's
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
437 the default), or @code{"LPT2"}, or @code{"COM1"} for a serial printer.
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
438 You can also set @code{printer-name} to a file name, in which case
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
439 ``printed'' output is actually appended to that file. If you set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
440 @code{printer-name} to @code{"NUL"}, printed output is silently
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441 discarded (sent to the system null device).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
443 On MS-Windows, when the Windows network software is installed, you can
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
444 also use a printer shared by another machine by setting
56165
920d5b4fe0a2 * msdog.texi (Text and Binary, MS-DOS Printing): Use m-dash.
Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
parents: 52979
diff changeset
445 @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name for that printer---for example,
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
446 @code{"//joes_pc/hp4si"}. (It doesn't matter whether you use forward
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
447 slashes or backslashes here.) To find out the names of shared printers,
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
448 run the command @samp{net view} at a DOS command prompt to obtain a list
24731
d305965638f7 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24723
diff changeset
449 of servers, and @samp{net view @var{server-name}} to see the names of printers
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
450 (and directories) shared by that server. Alternatively, click the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
451 @samp{Network Neighborhood} icon on your desktop, and look for machines
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
452 which share their printers via the network.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
453
36978
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
454 @cindex @samp{net use}, and printing on MS-Windows
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
455 @cindex networked printers (MS-Windows)
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
456 If the printer doesn't appear in the output of @samp{net view}, or
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
457 if setting @code{printer-name} to the UNC share name doesn't produce a
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
458 hardcopy on that printer, you can use the @samp{net use} command to
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
459 connect a local print port such as @code{"LPT2"} to the networked
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
460 printer. For example, typing @kbd{net use LPT2:
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
461 \\joes_pc\hp4si}@footnote{
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
462 Note that the @samp{net use} command requires the UNC share name to be
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
463 typed with the Windows-style backslashes, while the value of
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
464 @code{printer-name} can be set with either forward- or backslashes.}
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
465 causes Windows to @dfn{capture} the LPT2 port and redirect the printed
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
466 material to the printer connected to the machine @code{joes_pc}.
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
467 After this command, setting @code{printer-name} to @code{"LPT2"}
37081
71fe12822bf3 Fix last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36978
diff changeset
468 should produce the hardcopy on the networked printer.
36978
425c1d8cbbda (MS-DOS Printing): Document the use of "net use" with networked printers.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36169
diff changeset
469
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
470 With some varieties of Windows network software, you can instruct
38788
0f05936702f1 Minor cleanup.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38052
diff changeset
471 Windows to capture a specific printer port such as @code{"LPT2"}, and
38052
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
472 redirect it to a networked printer via the @w{@code{Control
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
473 Panel->Printers}} applet instead of @samp{net use}.
9408156a3159 (MS-DOS Printing): Mention that printer port can be redirected via
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37847
diff changeset
474
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
475 Some printers expect DOS codepage encoding of non-@acronym{ASCII} text, even
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
476 though they are connected to a Windows machine which uses a different
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
477 encoding for the same locale. For example, in the Latin-1 locale, DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
478 uses codepage 850 whereas Windows uses codepage 1252. @xref{MS-DOS and
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
479 MULE}. When you print to such printers from Windows, you can use the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
480 @kbd{C-x RET c} (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) command before
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
481 @kbd{M-x lpr-buffer}; Emacs will then convert the text to the DOS
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
482 codepage that you specify. For example, @kbd{C-x RET c cp850-dos RET
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
483 M-x lpr-region RET} will print the region while converting it to the
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
484 codepage 850 encoding. You may need to create the @code{cp@var{nnn}}
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
485 coding system with @kbd{M-x codepage-setup}.
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
486
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
487 If you set @code{printer-name} to a file name, it's best to use an
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
488 absolute file name. Emacs changes the working directory according to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
489 the default directory of the current buffer, so if the file name in
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
490 @code{printer-name} is relative, you will end up with several such
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
491 files, each one in the directory of the buffer from which the printing
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
492 was done.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
493
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 @findex print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
495 @findex print-region @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 @vindex lpr-headers-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 The commands @code{print-buffer} and @code{print-region} call the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 @code{pr} program, or use special switches to the @code{lpr} program, to
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
499 produce headers on each printed page. MS-DOS and MS-Windows don't
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
500 normally have these programs, so by default, the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
501 @code{lpr-headers-switches} is set so that the requests to print page
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
502 headers are silently ignored. Thus, @code{print-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
503 @code{print-region} produce the same output as @code{lpr-buffer} and
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
504 @code{lpr-region}, respectively. If you do have a suitable @code{pr}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
505 program (for example, from GNU Textutils), set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
506 @code{lpr-headers-switches} to @code{nil}; Emacs will then call
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 @code{pr} to produce the page headers, and print the resulting output as
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
508 specified by @code{printer-name}.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 @vindex print-region-function @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 @cindex lpr usage under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 @vindex lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 @vindex lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
514 Finally, if you do have an @code{lpr} work-alike, you can set the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
515 variable @code{lpr-command} to @code{"lpr"}. Then Emacs will use
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
516 @code{lpr} for printing, as on other systems. (If the name of the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
517 program isn't @code{lpr}, set @code{lpr-command} to specify where to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
518 find it.) The variable @code{lpr-switches} has its standard meaning
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
519 when @code{lpr-command} is not @code{""}. If the variable
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
520 @code{printer-name} has a string value, it is used as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
521 @code{-P} option to @code{lpr}, as on Unix.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 @findex ps-print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 @findex ps-spool-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
525 @vindex ps-printer-name @r{(MS-DOS)}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 @vindex ps-lpr-command @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 @vindex ps-lpr-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
528 A parallel set of variables, @code{ps-lpr-command},
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
529 @code{ps-lpr-switches}, and @code{ps-printer-name} (@pxref{PostScript
24564
099921772183 Minor change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 24113
diff changeset
530 Variables}), defines how PostScript files should be printed. These
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
531 variables are used in the same way as the corresponding variables
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
532 described above for non-PostScript printing. Thus, the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
533 @code{ps-printer-name} is used as the name of the device (or file) to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
534 which PostScript output is sent, just as @code{printer-name} is used for
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
535 non-PostScript printing. (There are two distinct sets of variables in
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
536 case you have two printers attached to two different ports, and only one
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
537 of them is a PostScript printer.)
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
538
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
539 The default value of the variable @code{ps-lpr-command} is @code{""},
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
540 which causes PostScript output to be sent to the printer port specified
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
541 by @code{ps-printer-name}, but @code{ps-lpr-command} can also be set to
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
542 the name of a program which will accept PostScript files. Thus, if you
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
543 have a non-PostScript printer, you can set this variable to the name of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
544 a PostScript interpreter program (such as Ghostscript). Any switches
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
545 that need to be passed to the interpreter program are specified using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
546 @code{ps-lpr-switches}. (If the value of @code{ps-printer-name} is a
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
547 string, it will be added to the list of switches as the value for the
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
548 @code{-P} option. This is probably only useful if you are using
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
549 @code{lpr}, so when using an interpreter typically you would set
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
550 @code{ps-printer-name} to something other than a string so it is
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
551 ignored.)
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 For example, to use Ghostscript for printing on an Epson printer
24715
384b7e895346 *** empty log message ***
Karl Heuer <kwzh@gnu.org>
parents: 24615
diff changeset
554 connected to the @samp{LPT2} port, put this in your @file{_emacs} file:
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 @example
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
557 (setq ps-printer-name t) ; Ghostscript doesn't understand -P
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 (setq ps-lpr-command "c:/gs/gs386")
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 (setq ps-lpr-switches '("-q" "-dNOPAUSE"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 "-sDEVICE=epson"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 "-r240x72"
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562 "-sOutputFile=LPT2"
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
563 "-Ic:/gs"))
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 @end example
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 @noindent
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 (This assumes that Ghostscript is installed in the @file{"c:/gs"}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 directory.)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569
24096
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
570 @vindex dos-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
571 @vindex dos-ps-printer
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
572 For backwards compatibility, the value of @code{dos-printer}
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
573 (@code{dos-ps-printer}), if it has a value, overrides the value of
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
574 @code{printer-name} (@code{ps-printer-name}), on MS-DOS and MS-Windows
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
575 only.
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
576
083c21910c49 (MS-DOS Printing): Rewrite section.
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents: 24095
diff changeset
577
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
578 @node MS-DOS and MULE
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
579 @section International Support on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
580 @cindex international support @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
582 Emacs on MS-DOS supports the same international character sets as it
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
583 does on GNU, Unix and other platforms (@pxref{International}), including
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
584 coding systems for converting between the different character sets.
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
585 However, due to incompatibilities between MS-DOS/MS-Windows and other systems,
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
586 there are several DOS-specific aspects of this support that you should
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
587 be aware of. This section describes these aspects.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
588
64742
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
589 The description below is largely specific to the MS-DOS port of
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
590 Emacs, especially where it talks about practical implications for
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
591 Emacs users. For other operating systems, see the @file{code-pages.el}
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
592 package, which implements support for MS-DOS- and MS-Windows-specific
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
593 encodings for all platforms other than MS-DOS.
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
594
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 @table @kbd
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
596 @item M-x dos-codepage-setup
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
597 Set up Emacs display and coding systems as appropriate for the current
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
598 DOS codepage.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600 @item M-x codepage-setup
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
601 Create a coding system for a certain DOS codepage.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
602 @end table
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
603
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
604 @cindex codepage, MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
605 @cindex DOS codepages
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 MS-DOS is designed to support one character set of 256 characters at
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
607 any given time, but gives you a variety of character sets to choose
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 from. The alternative character sets are known as @dfn{DOS codepages}.
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
609 Each codepage includes all 128 @acronym{ASCII} characters, but the other 128
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 characters (codes 128 through 255) vary from one codepage to another.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 Each DOS codepage is identified by a 3-digit number, such as 850, 862,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612 etc.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34293
diff changeset
614 In contrast to X, which lets you use several fonts at the same time,
37264
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
615 MS-DOS normally doesn't allow use of several codepages in a single
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
616 session. MS-DOS was designed to load a single codepage at system
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
617 startup, and require you to reboot in order to change
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
618 it@footnote{Normally, one particular codepage is burnt into the
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
619 display memory, while other codepages can be installed by modifying
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
620 system configuration files, such as @file{CONFIG.SYS}, and rebooting.
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
621 While there is third-party software that allows changing the codepage
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
622 without rebooting, we describe here how a stock MS-DOS system
37264
ff4c34a90065 (MS-DOS and MULE): Make the wording about a single-codepage-until-reboot
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37244
diff changeset
623 behaves.}. Much the same limitation applies when you run DOS
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 executables on other systems such as MS-Windows.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 @cindex unibyte operation @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 If you invoke Emacs on MS-DOS with the @samp{--unibyte} option
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 (@pxref{Initial Options}), Emacs does not perform any conversion of
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
629 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. Instead, it reads and writes any non-@acronym{ASCII}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 characters verbatim, and sends their 8-bit codes to the display
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 verbatim. Thus, unibyte Emacs on MS-DOS supports the current codepage,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 whatever it may be, but cannot even represent any other characters.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 @vindex dos-codepage
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 For multibyte operation on MS-DOS, Emacs needs to know which
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 characters the chosen DOS codepage can display. So it queries the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 system shortly after startup to get the chosen codepage number, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 stores the number in the variable @code{dos-codepage}. Some systems
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 return the default value 437 for the current codepage, even though the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640 actual codepage is different. (This typically happens when you use the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 codepage built into the display hardware.) You can specify a different
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 codepage for Emacs to use by setting the variable @code{dos-codepage} in
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 your init file.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 @cindex language environment, automatic selection on @r{MS-DOS}
24615
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
646 Multibyte Emacs supports only certain DOS codepages: those which can
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
647 display Far-Eastern scripts, like the Japanese codepage 932, and those
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
648 that encode a single ISO 8859 character set.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
649
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
650 The Far-Eastern codepages can directly display one of the MULE
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
651 character sets for these countries, so Emacs simply sets up to use the
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
652 appropriate terminal coding system that is supported by the codepage.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
653 The special features described in the rest of this section mostly
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
654 pertain to codepages that encode ISO 8859 character sets.
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
655
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
656 For the codepages which correspond to one of the ISO character sets,
24615
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
657 Emacs knows the character set name based on the codepage number. Emacs
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
658 automatically creates a coding system to support reading and writing
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
659 files that use the current codepage, and uses this coding system by
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
660 default. The name of this coding system is @code{cp@var{nnn}}, where
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
661 @var{nnn} is the codepage number.@footnote{The standard Emacs coding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
662 systems for ISO 8859 are not quite right for the purpose, because
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
663 typically the DOS codepage does not match the standard ISO character
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
664 codes. For example, the letter @samp{@,{c}} (@samp{c} with cedilla) has
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
665 code 231 in the standard Latin-1 character set, but the corresponding
393b5f9a3631 Fix wording for the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24594
diff changeset
666 DOS codepage 850 uses code 135 for this glyph.}
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @cindex mode line @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669 All the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding systems use the letter @samp{D} (for
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 ``DOS'') as their mode-line mnemonic. Since both the terminal coding
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 system and the default coding system for file I/O are set to the proper
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding system at startup, it is normal for the mode
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 line on MS-DOS to begin with @samp{-DD\-}. @xref{Mode Line}.
24594
2105eae5069b Describe Far-Eastern DOS terminal support.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24564
diff changeset
674 Far-Eastern DOS terminals do not use the @code{cp@var{nnn}} coding
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
675 systems, and thus their initial mode line looks like the Emacs default.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 Since the codepage number also indicates which script you are using,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 Emacs automatically runs @code{set-language-environment} to select the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 language environment for that script (@pxref{Language Environments}).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 If a buffer contains a character belonging to some other ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 character set, not the one that the chosen DOS codepage supports, Emacs
52979
3649390c0f91 Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
683 displays it using a sequence of @acronym{ASCII} characters. For example, if the
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 current codepage doesn't have a glyph for the letter @samp{@`o} (small
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 @samp{o} with a grave accent), it is displayed as @samp{@{`o@}}, where
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 the braces serve as a visual indication that this is a single character.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 (This may look awkward for some non-Latin characters, such as those from
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 Greek or Hebrew alphabets, but it is still readable by a person who
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 knows the language.) Even though the character may occupy several
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690 columns on the screen, it is really still just a single character, and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 all Emacs commands treat it as one.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
693 @cindex IBM graphics characters (MS-DOS)
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
694 @cindex box-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
695 @cindex line-drawing characters (MS-DOS)
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 Not all characters in DOS codepages correspond to ISO 8859
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 characters---some are used for other purposes, such as box-drawing
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
698 characters and other graphics. Emacs maps these characters to two
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
699 special character sets called @code{eight-bit-control} and
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
700 @code{eight-bit-graphic}, and displays them as their IBM glyphs.
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
701 However, you should be aware that other systems might display these
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
702 characters differently, so you should avoid them in text that might be
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
703 copied to a different operating system, or even to another DOS machine
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
704 that uses a different codepage.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
37244
c1ad9d98c553 (MS-DOS and MULE): IBM graphics characters are no longer displayed
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37081
diff changeset
706 @vindex dos-unsupported-character-glyph
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 Emacs supports many other characters sets aside from ISO 8859, but it
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 cannot display them on MS-DOS. So if one of these multibyte characters
24113
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
709 appears in a buffer, Emacs on MS-DOS displays them as specified by the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
710 @code{dos-unsupported-character-glyph} variable; by default, this glyph
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
711 is an empty triangle. Use the @kbd{C-u C-x =} command to display the
fd1968847853 (MS-DOS and MULE): dos-unsupported-character-glyph is
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 24096
diff changeset
712 actual code and character set of such characters. @xref{Position Info}.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 @findex codepage-setup
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 By default, Emacs defines a coding system to support the current
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 codepage. To define a coding system for some other codepage (e.g., to
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 visit a file written on a DOS machine in another country), use the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 @kbd{M-x codepage-setup} command. It prompts for the 3-digit code of
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 the codepage, with completion, then creates the coding system for the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 specified codepage. You can then use the new coding system to read and
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 write files, but you must specify it explicitly for the file command
68544
d29761b06e4e (Text and Binary, MS-DOS and MULE): Fix xrefs.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 68460
diff changeset
722 when you want to use it (@pxref{Text Coding}).
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
723
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 These coding systems are also useful for visiting a file encoded using
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
725 a DOS codepage, using Emacs running on some other operating system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
727 @cindex MS-Windows codepages
36169
86e871a073b6 Delete find-file-text and find-file-binary.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
728 MS-Windows provides its own codepages, which are different from the
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
729 DOS codepages for the same locale. For example, DOS codepage 850
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
730 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1252; DOS codepage
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
731 855 supports the same character set as Windows codepage 1251, etc.
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
732 The MS-Windows version of Emacs uses the current codepage for display
64742
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
733 when invoked with the @samp{-nw} option. Support for codepages in the
ebc7b3a7aa24 (MS-DOS and MULE): Clarify that this section is for the MS-DOS port only.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 63008
diff changeset
734 Windows port of Emacs is part of the @file{code-pages.el} package.
34293
4338fab68f06 Explain how to print on Windows to a printer that expecs DOS codepage
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34200
diff changeset
735
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 @node MS-DOS Processes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 @section Subprocesses on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739 @cindex compilation under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
740 @cindex inferior processes under MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
741 @findex compile @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
742 @findex grep @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
743 Because MS-DOS is a single-process ``operating system,''
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744 asynchronous subprocesses are not available. In particular, Shell
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 mode and its variants do not work. Most Emacs features that use
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
746 asynchronous subprocesses also don't work on MS-DOS, including
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
747 Shell mode and GUD. When in doubt, try and see; commands that
38869
8be184904f6c Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38865
diff changeset
748 don't work output an error message saying that asynchronous processes
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
749 aren't supported.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
750
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
751 Compilation under Emacs with @kbd{M-x compile}, searching files with
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
752 @kbd{M-x grep} and displaying differences between files with @kbd{M-x
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 diff} do work, by running the inferior processes synchronously. This
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 means you cannot do any more editing until the inferior process
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755 finishes.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
757 Spell checking also works, by means of special support for synchronous
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
758 invocation of the @code{ispell} program. This is slower than the
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
759 asynchronous invocation on other platforms
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
760
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
761 Instead of the Shell mode, which doesn't work on MS-DOS, you can use
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
762 the @kbd{M-x eshell} command. This invokes the Eshell package that
38865
62e02f5ae533 Avoid saying "Unix" in a way that includes GNU.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 38788
diff changeset
763 implements a Posix-like shell entirely in Emacs Lisp.
31060
d24cddac1e33 Document that ispell works, and mention Eshell as an alternative
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 31057
diff changeset
764
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
765 By contrast, Emacs compiled as a native Windows application
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 @strong{does} support asynchronous subprocesses. @xref{Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
767 Processes}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
768
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 @cindex printing under MS-DOS
63008
914349ead656 (MS-DOS Printing, MS-DOS Processes): Change Hardcopy xref to Printing.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 60110
diff changeset
770 Printing commands, such as @code{lpr-buffer} (@pxref{Printing}) and
27213
4e05d28c0a39 PostScript <- Postscript.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 24731
diff changeset
771 @code{ps-print-buffer} (@pxref{PostScript}), work in MS-DOS by sending
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
772 the output to one of the printer ports. @xref{MS-DOS Printing}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
773
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
774 When you run a subprocess synchronously on MS-DOS, make sure the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775 program terminates and does not try to read keyboard input. If the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 program does not terminate on its own, you will be unable to terminate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 it, because MS-DOS provides no general way to terminate a process.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778 Pressing @kbd{C-c} or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} might sometimes help in these
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 cases.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 Accessing files on other machines is not supported on MS-DOS. Other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 network-oriented commands such as sending mail, Web browsing, remote
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 login, etc., don't work either, unless network access is built into
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 MS-DOS with some network redirector.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 @cindex directory listing on MS-DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787 @vindex dired-listing-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 Dired on MS-DOS uses the @code{ls-lisp} package where other
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 platforms use the system @code{ls} command. Therefore, Dired on
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 MS-DOS supports only some of the possible options you can mention in
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 the @code{dired-listing-switches} variable. The options that work are
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 @samp{-A}, @samp{-a}, @samp{-c}, @samp{-i}, @samp{-r}, @samp{-S},
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 @samp{-s}, @samp{-t}, and @samp{-u}.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 @node Windows Processes
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
796 @section Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797
60110
f1ac3b1b3584 (MS-DOS Keyboard, MS-DOS Mouse): Split from MS-DOS Input node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 57368
diff changeset
798 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application (as opposed to the DOS
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 version) includes full support for asynchronous subprocesses.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
800 In the Windows version, synchronous and asynchronous subprocesses work
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 fine on both
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
802 Windows 9X and Windows NT/2K as long as you run only 32-bit Windows
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803 applications. However, when you run a DOS application in a subprocess,
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 you may encounter problems or be unable to run the application at all;
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
805 and if you run two DOS applications at the same time in two
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 subprocesses, you may have to reboot your system.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
808 Since the standard command interpreter (and most command line utilities)
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 on Windows 95 are DOS applications, these problems are significant when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810 using that system. But there's nothing we can do about them; only
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 Microsoft can fix them.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 If you run just one DOS application subprocess, the subprocess should
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 work as expected as long as it is ``well-behaved'' and does not perform
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815 direct screen access or other unusual actions. If you have a CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 monitor application, your machine will appear to be 100% busy even when
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
817 the DOS application is idle, but this is only an artifact of the way CPU
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 monitors measure processor load.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 You must terminate the DOS application before you start any other DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 application in a different subprocess. Emacs is unable to interrupt or
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822 terminate a DOS subprocess. The only way you can terminate such a
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 subprocess is by giving it a command that tells its program to exit.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 If you attempt to run two DOS applications at the same time in separate
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 subprocesses, the second one that is started will be suspended until the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 first one finishes, even if either or both of them are asynchronous.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
829 If you can go to the first subprocess, and tell it to exit, the second
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830 subprocess should continue normally. However, if the second subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 is synchronous, Emacs itself will be hung until the first subprocess
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 finishes. If it will not finish without user input, then you have no
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
833 choice but to reboot if you are running on Windows 9X. If you are
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
834 running on Windows NT/2K, you can use a process viewer application to kill
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835 the appropriate instance of ntvdm instead (this will terminate both DOS
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 subprocesses).
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837
39142
449f9371ac14 Mention Windows ME and Windows 2000 in the list of supported versions.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 38869
diff changeset
838 If you have to reboot Windows 9X in this situation, do not use the
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 @code{Shutdown} command on the @code{Start} menu; that usually hangs the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 system. Instead, type @kbd{CTL-ALT-@key{DEL}} and then choose
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 @code{Shutdown}. That usually works, although it may take a few minutes
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 to do its job.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844 @node Windows System Menu
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 @section Using the System Menu on Windows
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847 Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 Windows feature that tapping the @key{ALT}
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 key invokes the Windows menu. The reason is that the @key{ALT} also
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 serves as @key{META} in Emacs. When using Emacs, users often press the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 @key{META} key temporarily and then change their minds; if this has the
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852 effect of bringing up the Windows menu, it alters the meaning of
49600
23a1cea22d13 Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents: 44696
diff changeset
853 subsequent commands. Many users find this frustrating.
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 @vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system
57368
835cdd5d000f Fix spelling errors.
Jason Rumney <jasonr@gnu.org>
parents: 56165
diff changeset
856 You can re-enable Windows' default handling of tapping the @key{ALT} key
24095
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857 by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil} value.
8983dda2d520 Initial revision
Andrew Innes <andrewi@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858
52401
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
859 @ignore
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
860 arch-tag: f39d2590-5dcc-4318-88d9-0eb73ca10fa2
695cf19ef79e Add arch taglines
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents: 49600
diff changeset
861 @end ignore