Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/macos.texi @ 65251:bd6366e3f520
[!TARGET_API_MAC_CARBON] (GetPixDepth): New define.
author | YAMAMOTO Mitsuharu <mituharu@math.s.chiba-u.ac.jp> |
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date | Wed, 31 Aug 2005 08:35:44 +0000 |
parents | 3723093a21fd |
children | cef93d58fdb4 2d92f5c9d6ae |
rev | line source |
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34198 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
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3 @c 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
34198 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Mac OS, MS-DOS, Antinews, Top | |
6 @appendix Emacs and the Mac OS | |
7 @cindex Mac OS | |
8 @cindex Macintosh | |
9 | |
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10 Emacs built on Mac OS X supports most of its major features: |
34198 | 11 multiple frames, colors, scroll bars, menu bars, use of the mouse, |
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12 fontsets, international characters, input methods, coding systems, |
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13 asynchronous and synchronous subprocesses, unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), |
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14 and networking (@code{open-network-stream}). Support for various |
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15 image file formats has not been implemented yet. |
34198 | 16 |
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17 The following features of Emacs are not yet supported on the Mac OS |
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18 8 or 9: unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), asynchronous subprocesses |
38021 | 19 (@code{start-process}), and networking (@code{open-network-stream}). |
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20 As a result, packages such as Gnus, GUD, and Comint do not work. |
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21 However, synchronous subprocesses (@code{call-process}) are supported. |
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22 Since external programs to handle commands such as @code{print-buffer} |
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23 and @code{diff} are not available on Mac OS 8 or 9, they are not |
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24 supported. |
34198 | 25 |
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26 Most of the features that are supported work in the same way as on |
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27 other platforms and are therefore documented in the rest of this |
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28 manual. This section describes the peculiarities of using Emacs under |
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29 the Mac OS. |
34198 | 30 |
31 @menu | |
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32 * Input: Mac Input. Keyboard input on the Mac. |
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33 * Intl: Mac International. International character sets on the Mac. |
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34 * Env: Mac Environment Variables. Setting environment variables for Emacs. |
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35 * Directories: Mac Directories. Volumes and directories on the Mac. |
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36 * Font: Mac Font Specs. Specifying fonts on the Mac. |
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37 * Functions: Mac Functions. Mac-specific Lisp functions. |
34198 | 38 @end menu |
39 | |
40 @node Mac Input | |
41 @section Keyboard Input on the Mac | |
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42 @cindex Meta (Mac OS) |
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43 @cindex keyboard coding (Mac OS) |
34198 | 44 @vindex mac-command-key-is-meta |
45 @vindex mac-keyboard-text-encoding | |
46 | |
47 On the Mac, Emacs can use either the @key{option} key or the | |
48 @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. If the value of the variable | |
49 @code{mac-command-key-is-meta} is non-@code{nil} (its default value), | |
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50 Emacs uses the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. Otherwise it |
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51 uses the @key{option} key as the @key{META} key. |
34198 | 52 |
53 Most people should want to use the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key, | |
54 so that dead-key processing with the @key{option} key will still work. This is | |
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55 useful for entering non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin characters directly from the Mac |
34198 | 56 keyboard, for example. |
57 | |
58 Emacs recognizes the setting in the Keyboard control panel and | |
59 supports international and alternative keyboard layouts (e.g., Dvorak). | |
60 Selecting one of the layouts from the keyboard layout pull-down menu | |
61 will affect how the keys typed on the keyboard are interpreted. | |
62 | |
63 The Mac OS intercepts and handles certain key combinations (e.g., | |
64 @key{command}-@key{SPC} for switching input languages). These will not | |
65 be passed to Emacs. | |
66 | |
67 The Mac keyboard ordinarily generates characters in the Mac Roman | |
68 encoding. To use it for entering ISO Latin-1 characters directly, set | |
69 the value of the variable @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to | |
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70 @code{kTextEncodingISOLatin1}. Note that not all Mac Roman characters |
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71 that can be entered at the keyboard can be converted to ISO Latin-1 |
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72 characters. |
34198 | 73 |
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74 To enter ISO Latin-2 characters directly from the Mac keyboard, set |
34198 | 75 the value of @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to |
76 @code{kTextEncodingISOLatin2}. Then let Emacs know that the keyboard | |
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77 generates Latin-2 codes, by typing @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k iso-latin-2 |
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78 @key{RET}}. To make this setting permanent, put this in your |
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79 @file{.emacs} init file: |
34198 | 80 |
81 @lisp | |
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82 (set-keyboard-coding-system 'iso-latin-2) |
34198 | 83 @end lisp |
84 | |
85 @node Mac International | |
86 @section International Character Set Support on the Mac | |
87 @cindex Mac Roman coding system | |
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88 @cindex clipboard support (Mac OS) |
34198 | 89 |
90 The Mac uses a non-standard encoding for the upper 128 single-byte | |
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91 characters. It also deviates from the ISO 2022 standard by using |
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92 character codes in the range 128-159. The coding system |
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93 @code{mac-roman} is used to represent this Mac encoding. It is used |
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94 for editing files stored in this native encoding, and for displaying |
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95 file names in Dired mode. |
34198 | 96 |
97 Any native (non-symbol) Mac font can be used to correctly display | |
98 characters in the @code{mac-roman} coding system. | |
99 | |
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100 The fontset @code{fontset-mac} is created automatically when Emacs |
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101 is run on the Mac. It displays characters in the @code{mac-roman} |
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102 coding system using 12-point Monaco. |
34198 | 103 |
104 To insert characters directly in the @code{mac-roman} coding system, | |
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105 type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k mac-roman @key{RET}}, customize the variable |
36875 | 106 @code{keyboard-coding-system}, or put this in your init file: |
34198 | 107 |
108 @lisp | |
109 (set-keyboard-coding-system 'mac-roman) | |
110 @end lisp | |
111 | |
112 @noindent | |
113 This is useful for editing documents in native Mac encoding. | |
114 | |
115 You can use input methods provided either by LEIM (@pxref{Input | |
116 Methods}) or the Mac OS to enter international characters. | |
117 | |
118 To use the former, see the International Character Set Support section | |
36875 | 119 of the manual (@pxref{International}). |
34198 | 120 |
121 To use input methods provided by the Mac OS, set the keyboard coding | |
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122 system accordingly using the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k} command |
34198 | 123 (@code{set-keyboard-coding-system}). For example, for Traditional |
34201 | 124 Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5} as keyboard coding system; for |
34198 | 125 Japanese, use @samp{sjis}, etc. Then select the desired input method in |
126 the keyboard layout pull-down menu. | |
127 | |
128 The Mac clipboard and the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Killing}) are | |
129 connected as follows: the most recent kill is copied to the clipboard | |
130 when Emacs is suspended and the contents of the clipboard is inserted | |
131 into the kill ring when Emacs resumes. The result is that you can yank | |
132 a piece of text and paste it into another Mac application, or cut or copy | |
133 one in another Mac application and yank it into a Emacs buffer. | |
134 | |
135 The encoding of text selections must be specified using the commands | |
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136 @kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} (@code{set-selection-coding-system}) or @kbd{C-x |
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137 @key{RET} X} (@code{set-next-selection-coding-system}) (e.g., for |
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138 Traditional Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5-mac} and for Japanese, |
34198 | 139 @samp{sjis-mac}). @xref{Specify Coding}, for more details. |
140 | |
141 | |
142 @node Mac Environment Variables | |
143 @section Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments. | |
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144 @cindex environment variables (Mac OS) |
34198 | 145 |
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146 On Mac OS X, when Emacs is run in a terminal, it inherits the values |
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147 of environment variables from the shell from which it is invoked. |
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148 However, when it is run from the Finder as a GUI application, it |
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149 inherits no environment variable values. |
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150 |
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151 On Mac OS 8 or 9, environment variables and command line arguments |
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152 for Emacs can be set by modifying the @samp{STR#} resources 128 and |
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153 129, respectively. A common environment variable that one may want to |
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154 set is @samp{HOME}. |
34198 | 155 |
156 The way to set an environment variable is by adding a string of the | |
157 form | |
158 | |
159 @example | |
160 ENV_VAR=VALUE | |
161 @end example | |
162 | |
163 @noindent | |
164 to resource @samp{STR#} number 128 using @code{ResEdit}. To set up the | |
165 program to use unibyte characters exclusively, for example, add the | |
166 string | |
167 | |
168 @example | |
169 EMACS_UNIBYTE=1 | |
170 @end example | |
171 | |
172 | |
173 @node Mac Directories | |
174 @section Volumes and Directories on the Mac | |
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175 @cindex file names (Mac OS) |
34198 | 176 |
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177 The directory structure in the Mac OS is seen by Emacs as |
34198 | 178 |
179 @example | |
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180 /@var{volumename}/@var{filename} |
34198 | 181 @end example |
182 | |
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183 So when Emacs requests a file name, doing file name completion on |
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184 @file{/} will display all volumes on the system. You can use @file{..} |
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185 to go up a directory level. |
34198 | 186 |
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187 On Mac OS 8 or 9, to access files and folders on the desktop, look |
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188 in the folder @file{Desktop Folder} in your boot volume (this folder |
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189 is usually invisible in the Mac @code{Finder}). |
34198 | 190 |
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191 On Mac OS 8 or 9, Emacs creates the Mac folder |
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192 @file{:Preferences:Emacs:} in the @file{System Folder} and uses it as |
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193 the temporary directory. Emacs maps the directory name @file{/tmp/} |
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194 to that. Therefore it is best to avoid naming a volume @file{tmp}. |
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195 If everything works correctly, the program should leave no files in it |
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196 when it exits. You should be able to set the environment variable |
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197 @code{TMPDIR} to use another directory but this folder will still be |
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198 created. |
34198 | 199 |
200 | |
201 @node Mac Font Specs | |
202 @section Specifying Fonts on the Mac | |
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203 @cindex font names (Mac OS) |
34198 | 204 |
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205 It is rare that you need to specify a font name in Emacs; usually |
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206 you specify face attributes instead. But when you do need to specify |
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207 a font name in Emacs on the Mac, use a standard X font name: |
34198 | 208 |
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209 @smallexample |
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210 -@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{} |
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211 @dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset} |
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212 @end smallexample |
34198 | 213 |
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214 @noindent |
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215 @xref{Font X}. Wildcards are supported as they are on X. |
34198 | 216 |
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217 Native Apple fonts in Mac Roman encoding has maker name @code{apple} |
34198 | 218 and charset @code{mac-roman}. For example 12-point Monaco can be |
219 specified by the name @samp{-apple-monaco-*-12-*-mac-roman}. | |
220 | |
221 Native Apple Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, and | |
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222 Korean fonts have charsets @samp{big5-0}, @samp{gb2312.1980-0}, |
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223 @samp{jisx0208.1983-sjis}, and @samp{ksc5601.1989-0}, respectively. |
34198 | 224 |
225 Single-byte fonts converted from GNU fonts in BDF format, which are not | |
226 in the Mac Roman encoding, have foundry, family, and character sets | |
227 encoded in the names of their font suitcases. E.g., the font suitcase | |
228 @samp{ETL-Fixed-ISO8859-1} contains fonts which can be referred to by | |
229 the name @samp{-ETL-fixed-*-iso8859-1}. | |
230 | |
231 | |
232 @node Mac Functions | |
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233 @section Mac-Specific Lisp Functions |
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234 @cindex Lisp functions specific to Mac OS |
34198 | 235 |
236 @findex do-applescript | |
237 The function @code{do-applescript} takes a string argument, | |
238 executes it as an AppleScript command, and returns the result as a | |
239 string. | |
240 | |
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241 @findex mac-file-name-to-posix |
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242 @findex posix-file-name-to-mac |
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243 The function @code{mac-file-name-to-posix} takes a Mac file name and |
38944 | 244 returns the GNU or Unix equivalent. The function |
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245 @code{posix-file-name-to-mac} performs the opposite conversion. They |
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246 are useful for constructing AppleScript commands to be passed to |
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247 @code{do-applescript}. |
52401 | 248 |
249 @ignore | |
250 arch-tag: a822c2ab-4273-4997-927e-c153bb71dcf6 | |
251 @end ignore |