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annotate lispref/abbrevs.texi @ 51670:beceb827c1ce
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author | Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> |
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date | Thu, 26 Jun 2003 23:17:13 +0000 |
parents | 23a1cea22d13 |
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rev | line source |
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6552 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1999 |
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4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6552 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/abbrevs | |
7 @node Abbrevs, Processes, Syntax Tables, Top | |
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8 @chapter Abbrevs and Abbrev Expansion |
6552 | 9 @cindex abbrev |
10 @cindex abbrev table | |
11 | |
12 An abbreviation or @dfn{abbrev} is a string of characters that may be | |
13 expanded to a longer string. The user can insert the abbrev string and | |
14 find it replaced automatically with the expansion of the abbrev. This | |
15 saves typing. | |
16 | |
17 The set of abbrevs currently in effect is recorded in an @dfn{abbrev | |
18 table}. Each buffer has a local abbrev table, but normally all buffers | |
19 in the same major mode share one abbrev table. There is also a global | |
20 abbrev table. Normally both are used. | |
21 | |
22 An abbrev table is represented as an obarray containing a symbol for | |
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23 each abbreviation. The symbol's name is the abbreviation; its value |
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24 is the expansion; its function definition is the hook function to do |
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25 the expansion (@pxref{Defining Abbrevs}); its property list cell |
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26 typically contains the use count, the number of times the abbreviation |
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27 has been expanded. (Alternatively, the use count is on the |
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28 @code{count} property and the system-abbrev flag is on the |
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29 @code{system-type} property.) Because these symbols are not interned |
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30 in the usual obarray, they will never appear as the result of reading |
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31 a Lisp expression; in fact, normally they are never used except by the |
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32 code that handles abbrevs. Therefore, it is safe to use them in an |
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33 extremely nonstandard way. @xref{Creating Symbols}. |
6552 | 34 |
35 For the user-level commands for abbrevs, see @ref{Abbrevs,, Abbrev | |
36 Mode, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
37 | |
38 @menu | |
39 * Abbrev Mode:: Setting up Emacs for abbreviation. | |
40 * Tables: Abbrev Tables. Creating and working with abbrev tables. | |
41 * Defining Abbrevs:: Specifying abbreviations and their expansions. | |
42 * Files: Abbrev Files. Saving abbrevs in files. | |
43 * Expansion: Abbrev Expansion. Controlling expansion; expansion subroutines. | |
44 * Standard Abbrev Tables:: Abbrev tables used by various major modes. | |
45 @end menu | |
46 | |
47 @node Abbrev Mode, Abbrev Tables, Abbrevs, Abbrevs | |
48 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
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49 @section Setting Up Abbrev Mode |
6552 | 50 |
51 Abbrev mode is a minor mode controlled by the value of the variable | |
52 @code{abbrev-mode}. | |
53 | |
54 @defvar abbrev-mode | |
55 A non-@code{nil} value of this variable turns on the automatic expansion | |
56 of abbrevs when their abbreviations are inserted into a buffer. | |
57 If the value is @code{nil}, abbrevs may be defined, but they are not | |
58 expanded automatically. | |
59 | |
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60 This variable automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any fashion. |
6552 | 61 @end defvar |
62 | |
63 @defvar default-abbrev-mode | |
7688 | 64 This is the value of @code{abbrev-mode} for buffers that do not override it. |
6552 | 65 This is the same as @code{(default-value 'abbrev-mode)}. |
66 @end defvar | |
67 | |
68 @node Abbrev Tables, Defining Abbrevs, Abbrev Mode, Abbrevs | |
69 @section Abbrev Tables | |
70 | |
71 This section describes how to create and manipulate abbrev tables. | |
72 | |
73 @defun make-abbrev-table | |
74 This function creates and returns a new, empty abbrev table---an obarray | |
75 containing no symbols. It is a vector filled with zeros. | |
76 @end defun | |
77 | |
78 @defun clear-abbrev-table table | |
79 This function undefines all the abbrevs in abbrev table @var{table}, | |
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80 leaving it empty. It always returns @code{nil}. |
6552 | 81 @end defun |
82 | |
83 @defun define-abbrev-table tabname definitions | |
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84 This function defines @var{tabname} (a symbol) as an abbrev table |
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85 name, i.e., as a variable whose value is an abbrev table. It defines |
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86 abbrevs in the table according to @var{definitions}, a list of |
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87 elements of the form @code{(@var{abbrevname} @var{expansion} |
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88 @var{hook} @var{usecount} @r{[}@var{system-flag}@r{]})}. The return |
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89 value is always @code{nil}. |
6552 | 90 @end defun |
91 | |
92 @defvar abbrev-table-name-list | |
93 This is a list of symbols whose values are abbrev tables. | |
94 @code{define-abbrev-table} adds the new abbrev table name to this list. | |
95 @end defvar | |
96 | |
97 @defun insert-abbrev-table-description name &optional human | |
98 This function inserts before point a description of the abbrev table | |
99 named @var{name}. The argument @var{name} is a symbol whose value is an | |
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100 abbrev table. The return value is always @code{nil}. |
6552 | 101 |
102 If @var{human} is non-@code{nil}, the description is human-oriented. | |
103 Otherwise the description is a Lisp expression---a call to | |
7688 | 104 @code{define-abbrev-table} that would define @var{name} exactly as it |
6552 | 105 is currently defined. |
106 @end defun | |
107 | |
108 @node Defining Abbrevs, Abbrev Files, Abbrev Tables, Abbrevs | |
109 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
110 @section Defining Abbrevs | |
111 | |
112 These functions define an abbrev in a specified abbrev table. | |
113 @code{define-abbrev} is the low-level basic function, while | |
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114 @code{add-abbrev} is used by commands that ask for information from |
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115 the user. When major modes predefine standard abbrevs, they should |
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116 call @code{define-abbrev} and specify @code{t} for @var{system-flag}. |
6552 | 117 |
118 @defun add-abbrev table type arg | |
7688 | 119 This function adds an abbreviation to abbrev table @var{table} based on |
120 information from the user. The argument @var{type} is a string | |
121 describing in English the kind of abbrev this will be (typically, | |
122 @code{"global"} or @code{"mode-specific"}); this is used in prompting | |
123 the user. The argument @var{arg} is the number of words in the | |
124 expansion. | |
6552 | 125 |
7688 | 126 The return value is the symbol that internally represents the new |
6552 | 127 abbrev, or @code{nil} if the user declines to confirm redefining an |
128 existing abbrev. | |
129 @end defun | |
130 | |
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131 @defun define-abbrev table name expansion &optional hook count system-flag |
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132 This function defines an abbrev named @var{name}, in @var{table}, to |
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133 expand to @var{expansion} and call @var{hook}. The return value is a |
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134 symbol that represents the abbrev inside Emacs; its name is |
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135 @var{name}. |
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136 |
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137 The value of @var{count}, if specified, initializes the abbrev's |
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138 usage-count. If @var{count} is not specified or @code{nil}, the use |
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139 count is initialized to zero. |
6552 | 140 |
141 The argument @var{name} should be a string. The argument | |
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142 @var{expansion} is normally the desired expansion (a string), or |
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143 @code{nil} to undefine the abbrev. If it is anything but a string or |
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144 @code{nil}, then the abbreviation ``expands'' solely by running |
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145 @var{hook}. |
6552 | 146 |
147 The argument @var{hook} is a function or @code{nil}. If @var{hook} is | |
148 non-@code{nil}, then it is called with no arguments after the abbrev is | |
149 replaced with @var{expansion}; point is located at the end of | |
7688 | 150 @var{expansion} when @var{hook} is called. |
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151 |
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152 If @var{hook} is a non-nil symbol whose @code{no-self-insert} property |
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153 is non-@code{nil}, @var{hook} can explicitly control whether to insert |
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154 the self-inserting input character that triggered the expansion. If |
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155 @var{hook} returns non-@code{nil} in this case, that inhibits insertion |
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156 of the character. By contrast, if @var{hook} returns @code{nil}, |
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157 @code{expand-abbrev} also returns @code{nil}, as if expansion had not |
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158 really occurred. |
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159 |
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160 If @var{system-flag} is non-@code{nil}, that marks the abbrev as a |
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161 ``system'' abbrev with the @code{system-type} property. |
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162 |
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163 Normally the function @code{define-abbrev} sets the variable |
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164 @code{abbrevs-changed} to @code{t}, if it actually changes the abbrev. |
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165 (This is so that some commands will offer to save the abbrevs.) It |
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166 does not do this for a ``system'' abbrev, since those won't be saved |
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167 anyway. |
6552 | 168 @end defun |
169 | |
170 @defopt only-global-abbrevs | |
171 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it means that the user plans to use | |
172 global abbrevs only. This tells the commands that define mode-specific | |
173 abbrevs to define global ones instead. This variable does not alter the | |
7688 | 174 behavior of the functions in this section; it is examined by their |
6552 | 175 callers. |
176 @end defopt | |
177 | |
178 @node Abbrev Files, Abbrev Expansion, Defining Abbrevs, Abbrevs | |
179 @section Saving Abbrevs in Files | |
180 | |
181 A file of saved abbrev definitions is actually a file of Lisp code. | |
182 The abbrevs are saved in the form of a Lisp program to define the same | |
183 abbrev tables with the same contents. Therefore, you can load the file | |
184 with @code{load} (@pxref{How Programs Do Loading}). However, the | |
185 function @code{quietly-read-abbrev-file} is provided as a more | |
186 convenient interface. | |
187 | |
188 User-level facilities such as @code{save-some-buffers} can save | |
189 abbrevs in a file automatically, under the control of variables | |
190 described here. | |
191 | |
192 @defopt abbrev-file-name | |
193 This is the default file name for reading and saving abbrevs. | |
194 @end defopt | |
195 | |
26192 | 196 @defun quietly-read-abbrev-file &optional filename |
6552 | 197 This function reads abbrev definitions from a file named @var{filename}, |
198 previously written with @code{write-abbrev-file}. If @var{filename} is | |
26192 | 199 omitted or @code{nil}, the file specified in @code{abbrev-file-name} is |
200 used. @code{save-abbrevs} is set to @code{t} so that changes will be | |
201 saved. | |
6552 | 202 |
203 This function does not display any messages. It returns @code{nil}. | |
204 @end defun | |
205 | |
206 @defopt save-abbrevs | |
207 A non-@code{nil} value for @code{save-abbrev} means that Emacs should | |
208 save abbrevs when files are saved. @code{abbrev-file-name} specifies | |
209 the file to save the abbrevs in. | |
210 @end defopt | |
211 | |
212 @defvar abbrevs-changed | |
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213 This variable is set non-@code{nil} by defining or altering any |
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214 abbrevs (except ``system'' abbrevs). This serves as a flag for |
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215 various Emacs commands to offer to save your abbrevs. |
6552 | 216 @end defvar |
217 | |
26192 | 218 @deffn Command write-abbrev-file &optional filename |
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219 Save all abbrev definitions (except ``system'' abbrevs), in all abbrev |
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220 tables, in the file @var{filename}, in the form of a Lisp program that |
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221 when loaded will define the same abbrevs. If @var{filename} is |
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222 @code{nil} or omitted, @code{abbrev-file-name} is used. This function |
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223 returns @code{nil}. |
6552 | 224 @end deffn |
225 | |
226 @node Abbrev Expansion, Standard Abbrev Tables, Abbrev Files, Abbrevs | |
227 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
228 @section Looking Up and Expanding Abbreviations | |
229 | |
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230 Abbrevs are usually expanded by certain interactive commands, |
6552 | 231 including @code{self-insert-command}. This section describes the |
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232 subroutines used in writing such commands, as well as the variables they |
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233 use for communication. |
6552 | 234 |
235 @defun abbrev-symbol abbrev &optional table | |
236 This function returns the symbol representing the abbrev named | |
237 @var{abbrev}. The value returned is @code{nil} if that abbrev is not | |
238 defined. The optional second argument @var{table} is the abbrev table | |
239 to look it up in. If @var{table} is @code{nil}, this function tries | |
240 first the current buffer's local abbrev table, and second the global | |
241 abbrev table. | |
242 @end defun | |
243 | |
7688 | 244 @defun abbrev-expansion abbrev &optional table |
245 This function returns the string that @var{abbrev} would expand into (as | |
246 defined by the abbrev tables used for the current buffer). The optional | |
247 argument @var{table} specifies the abbrev table to use, as in | |
248 @code{abbrev-symbol}. | |
249 @end defun | |
250 | |
251 @deffn Command expand-abbrev | |
26192 | 252 This command expands the abbrev before point, if any. If point does not |
253 follow an abbrev, this command does nothing. The command returns the | |
254 abbrev symbol if it did expansion, @code{nil} otherwise. | |
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255 |
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256 If the abbrev symbol has a hook function which is a symbol whose |
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257 @code{no-self-insert} property is non-@code{nil}, and if the hook |
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258 function returns @code{nil} as its value, then @code{expand-abbrev} |
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259 returns @code{nil} even though expansion did occur. |
7688 | 260 @end deffn |
261 | |
262 @deffn Command abbrev-prefix-mark &optional arg | |
263 Mark current point as the beginning of an abbrev. The next call to | |
264 @code{expand-abbrev} will use the text from here to point (where it is | |
265 then) as the abbrev to expand, rather than using the previous word as | |
266 usual. | |
267 @end deffn | |
268 | |
6552 | 269 @defopt abbrev-all-caps |
270 When this is set non-@code{nil}, an abbrev entered entirely in upper | |
271 case is expanded using all upper case. Otherwise, an abbrev entered | |
272 entirely in upper case is expanded by capitalizing each word of the | |
273 expansion. | |
274 @end defopt | |
275 | |
276 @defvar abbrev-start-location | |
277 This is the buffer position for @code{expand-abbrev} to use as the start | |
278 of the next abbrev to be expanded. (@code{nil} means use the word | |
279 before point instead.) @code{abbrev-start-location} is set to | |
280 @code{nil} each time @code{expand-abbrev} is called. This variable is | |
281 also set by @code{abbrev-prefix-mark}. | |
282 @end defvar | |
283 | |
284 @defvar abbrev-start-location-buffer | |
285 The value of this variable is the buffer for which | |
286 @code{abbrev-start-location} has been set. Trying to expand an abbrev | |
287 in any other buffer clears @code{abbrev-start-location}. This variable | |
288 is set by @code{abbrev-prefix-mark}. | |
289 @end defvar | |
290 | |
291 @defvar last-abbrev | |
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292 This is the @code{abbrev-symbol} of the most recent abbrev expanded. This |
6552 | 293 information is left by @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the |
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294 @code{unexpand-abbrev} command (@pxref{Expanding Abbrevs,, Expanding |
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295 Abbrevs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). |
6552 | 296 @end defvar |
297 | |
298 @defvar last-abbrev-location | |
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299 This is the location of the most recent abbrev expanded. This contains |
6552 | 300 information left by @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the |
301 @code{unexpand-abbrev} command. | |
302 @end defvar | |
303 | |
304 @defvar last-abbrev-text | |
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305 This is the exact expansion text of the most recent abbrev expanded, |
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306 after case conversion (if any). Its value is @code{nil} if the abbrev |
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307 has already been unexpanded. This contains information left by |
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308 @code{expand-abbrev} for the sake of the @code{unexpand-abbrev} command. |
6552 | 309 @end defvar |
310 | |
311 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
312 @defvar pre-abbrev-expand-hook | |
313 This is a normal hook whose functions are executed, in sequence, just | |
314 before any expansion of an abbrev. @xref{Hooks}. Since it is a normal | |
315 hook, the hook functions receive no arguments. However, they can find | |
316 the abbrev to be expanded by looking in the buffer before point. | |
26192 | 317 Running the hook is the first thing that @code{expand-abbrev} does, and |
318 so a hook function can be used to change the current abbrev table before | |
319 abbrev lookup happens. | |
6552 | 320 @end defvar |
321 | |
322 The following sample code shows a simple use of | |
323 @code{pre-abbrev-expand-hook}. If the user terminates an abbrev with a | |
324 punctuation character, the hook function asks for confirmation. Thus, | |
325 this hook allows the user to decide whether to expand the abbrev, and | |
326 aborts expansion if it is not confirmed. | |
327 | |
328 @smallexample | |
329 (add-hook 'pre-abbrev-expand-hook 'query-if-not-space) | |
330 | |
331 ;; @r{This is the function invoked by @code{pre-abbrev-expand-hook}.} | |
332 | |
333 ;; @r{If the user terminated the abbrev with a space, the function does} | |
334 ;; @r{nothing (that is, it returns so that the abbrev can expand). If the} | |
335 ;; @r{user entered some other character, this function asks whether} | |
336 ;; @r{expansion should continue.} | |
337 | |
7688 | 338 ;; @r{If the user answers the prompt with @kbd{y}, the function returns} |
6552 | 339 ;; @r{@code{nil} (because of the @code{not} function), but that is} |
340 ;; @r{acceptable; the return value has no effect on expansion.} | |
341 | |
342 (defun query-if-not-space () | |
343 (if (/= ?\ (preceding-char)) | |
344 (if (not (y-or-n-p "Do you want to expand this abbrev? ")) | |
345 (error "Not expanding this abbrev")))) | |
346 @end smallexample | |
347 | |
348 @node Standard Abbrev Tables, , Abbrev Expansion, Abbrevs | |
349 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
350 @section Standard Abbrev Tables | |
351 | |
352 Here we list the variables that hold the abbrev tables for the | |
353 preloaded major modes of Emacs. | |
354 | |
355 @defvar global-abbrev-table | |
356 This is the abbrev table for mode-independent abbrevs. The abbrevs | |
357 defined in it apply to all buffers. Each buffer may also have a local | |
358 abbrev table, whose abbrev definitions take precedence over those in the | |
359 global table. | |
360 @end defvar | |
361 | |
362 @defvar local-abbrev-table | |
363 The value of this buffer-local variable is the (mode-specific) | |
364 abbreviation table of the current buffer. | |
365 @end defvar | |
366 | |
367 @defvar fundamental-mode-abbrev-table | |
7688 | 368 This is the local abbrev table used in Fundamental mode; in other words, |
369 it is the local abbrev table in all buffers in Fundamental mode. | |
6552 | 370 @end defvar |
371 | |
372 @defvar text-mode-abbrev-table | |
373 This is the local abbrev table used in Text mode. | |
374 @end defvar | |
375 | |
376 @defvar lisp-mode-abbrev-table | |
377 This is the local abbrev table used in Lisp mode and Emacs Lisp mode. | |
378 @end defvar | |
26192 | 379 |