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annotate man/frames.texi @ 37850:c03ac59bab50
(print_preprocess, print_object): Test internedness of
symbols differently.
author | Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 21 May 2001 12:22:16 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 2000, 2001 |
28126 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Frames, International, Windows, Top | |
6 @chapter Frames and X Windows | |
7 @cindex frames | |
8 | |
9 When using the X Window System, you can create multiple windows at the | |
10 X level in a single Emacs session. Each X window that belongs to Emacs | |
11 displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or several Emacs windows. | |
12 A frame initially contains a single general-purpose Emacs window which | |
13 you can subdivide vertically or horizontally into smaller windows. A | |
14 frame normally contains its own echo area and minibuffer, but you can | |
15 make frames that don't have these---they use the echo area and | |
16 minibuffer of another frame. | |
17 | |
18 Editing you do in one frame also affects the other frames. For | |
19 instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it | |
20 in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame, | |
21 it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5 | |
37121 | 22 0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}). |
25829 | 23 |
24 To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the | |
25 subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a | |
26 frame. | |
27 | |
28 Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some aspects of the window system | |
29 so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter. | |
30 @xref{MS-DOS Input}, for more information. | |
31 | |
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32 @cindex MS Windows |
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33 Emacs compiled for MS Windows mostly supports the same features as |
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34 under X. However, images, tool bars, and tooltips are not yet |
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35 available in Emacs version 21.1 on MS-Windows. |
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36 |
25829 | 37 @menu |
38 * Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse. | |
39 * Secondary Selection:: Cutting without altering point and mark. | |
33920 | 40 * Clipboard:: Using the clipboard for selections. |
25829 | 41 * Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list. |
42 * Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus. | |
43 * Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line. | |
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44 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents. |
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45 * Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames. |
25829 | 46 * Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame. |
47 * Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays. | |
48 * Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames. | |
49 * Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames. | |
50 * Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them. | |
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51 * Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling. |
25829 | 52 * Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar. |
31609 | 53 * Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar. |
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54 * Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes. |
36185 | 55 * Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "ballon help" for active text. |
28124 | 56 * Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way. |
25829 | 57 * Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one. |
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58 * XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator. |
25829 | 59 @end menu |
60 | |
61 @node Mouse Commands | |
62 @section Mouse Commands for Editing | |
63 @cindex mouse buttons (what they do) | |
64 | |
65 The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly | |
66 compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse | |
67 commands for copying between Emacs and other X client programs. | |
68 | |
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69 @kindex DELETE @r{(and mouse selection)} |
25829 | 70 If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then |
71 immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the | |
72 region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the | |
73 ASCII character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key | |
74 in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this. | |
75 | |
76 @findex mouse-set-region | |
77 @findex mouse-set-point | |
78 @findex mouse-yank-at-click | |
79 @findex mouse-save-then-click | |
80 @kindex Mouse-1 | |
81 @kindex Mouse-2 | |
82 @kindex Mouse-3 | |
83 @table @kbd | |
84 @item Mouse-1 | |
85 Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}). | |
86 This is normally the left button. | |
87 | |
88 @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
89 Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the | |
90 kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the | |
91 region with this single command. | |
92 | |
93 @vindex mouse-scroll-min-lines | |
94 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
95 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
96 back into the window. This way, you can select regions that don't fit | |
97 entirely on the screen. The number of lines scrolled per step depends | |
98 on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable | |
99 @code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size. | |
100 | |
101 @item Mouse-2 | |
102 Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}). | |
103 This is normally the middle button. | |
104 | |
105 @item Mouse-3 | |
106 This command, @code{mouse-save-then-kill}, has several functions | |
107 depending on where you click and the status of the region. | |
108 | |
109 The most basic case is when you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in one place and | |
110 then @kbd{Mouse-3} in another. This selects the text between those two | |
111 positions as the region. It also copies the new region to the kill | |
112 ring, so that you can copy it to someplace else. | |
113 | |
114 If you click @kbd{Mouse-1} in the text, scroll with the scroll bar, and | |
115 then click @kbd{Mouse-3}, it remembers where point was before scrolling | |
116 (where you put it with @kbd{Mouse-1}), and uses that position as the | |
117 other end of the region. This is so that you can select a region that | |
118 doesn't fit entirely on the screen. | |
119 | |
120 More generally, if you do not have a highlighted region, @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
121 selects the text between point and the click position as the region. It | |
122 does this by setting the mark where point was, and moving point to where | |
123 you click. | |
124 | |
125 If you have a highlighted region, or if the region was set just before | |
126 by dragging button 1, @kbd{Mouse-3} adjusts the nearer end of the region | |
127 by moving it to where you click. The adjusted region's text also | |
128 replaces the old region's text in the kill ring. | |
129 | |
130 If you originally specified the region using a double or triple | |
131 @kbd{Mouse-1}, so that the region is defined to consist of entire words | |
132 or lines, then adjusting the region with @kbd{Mouse-3} also proceeds by | |
133 entire words or lines. | |
134 | |
135 If you use @kbd{Mouse-3} a second time consecutively, at the same place, | |
136 that kills the region already selected. | |
137 | |
138 @item Double-Mouse-1 | |
139 This key sets the region around the word which you click on. If you | |
140 click on a character with ``symbol'' syntax (such as underscore, in C | |
141 mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character. | |
142 | |
143 If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis | |
144 syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping (sexp) | |
145 which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with | |
146 string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it | |
147 sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure | |
148 out whether that character is the beginning or the end of it). | |
149 | |
150 @item Double-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
151 This key selects a region made up of the words you drag across. | |
152 | |
153 @item Triple-Mouse-1 | |
154 This key sets the region around the line you click on. | |
155 | |
156 @item Triple-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
157 This key selects a region made up of the lines you drag across. | |
158 @end table | |
159 | |
160 The simplest way to kill text with the mouse is to press @kbd{Mouse-1} | |
161 at one end, then press @kbd{Mouse-3} twice at the other end. | |
162 @xref{Killing}. To copy the text into the kill ring without deleting it | |
163 from the buffer, press @kbd{Mouse-3} just once---or just drag across the | |
164 text with @kbd{Mouse-1}. Then you can copy it elsewhere by yanking it. | |
165 | |
166 @vindex mouse-yank-at-point | |
167 To yank the killed or copied text somewhere else, move the mouse there | |
168 and press @kbd{Mouse-2}. @xref{Yanking}. However, if | |
169 @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{Mouse-2} yanks at | |
170 point. Then it does not matter where you click, or even which of the | |
171 frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This | |
172 variable also affects yanking the secondary selection. | |
173 | |
174 @cindex cutting and X | |
175 @cindex pasting and X | |
176 @cindex X cutting and pasting | |
177 To copy text to another X window, kill it or save it in the kill ring. | |
178 Under X, this also sets the @dfn{primary selection}. Then use the | |
179 ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the program operating the other window | |
180 to insert the text from the selection. | |
181 | |
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182 To copy text from another X window, use the ``cut'' or ``copy'' |
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183 command of the program operating the other window, to select the text |
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184 you want. Then yank it in Emacs with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}. |
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185 |
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186 The standard coding system for X selections is @code{compound-text}. |
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187 To specify another coding system for X selections, use @kbd{C-x |
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188 @key{RET} x} or @kbd{C-x @key{RET} X}. @xref{Specify Coding}. |
25829 | 189 |
190 These cutting and pasting commands also work on MS-Windows. | |
191 | |
192 @cindex primary selection | |
193 @cindex cut buffer | |
194 @cindex selection, primary | |
195 @vindex x-cut-buffer-max | |
196 When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the front | |
197 of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the X server. | |
198 This is how other X clients can access the text. Emacs also stores the | |
199 text in the cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough | |
37121 | 200 (the value of @code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of |
201 characters); putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow. | |
25829 | 202 |
203 The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check | |
204 first for a primary selection in another program; after that, they check | |
205 for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text | |
206 to yank, the kill ring contents are used. | |
207 | |
208 @node Secondary Selection | |
209 @section Secondary Selection | |
210 @cindex secondary selection | |
211 | |
212 The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using | |
213 X. It does not use point or the mark, so you can use it to kill text | |
214 without setting point or the mark. | |
215 | |
216 @table @kbd | |
217 @findex mouse-set-secondary | |
218 @kindex M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
219 @item M-Drag-Mouse-1 | |
220 Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press | |
221 down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it | |
222 (@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as | |
37121 | 223 you drag. You can control the appearance of the highlighting by |
224 customizing the @code{secondary-selection} face (@pxref{Face | |
225 Customization}). | |
25829 | 226 |
227 If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while | |
228 dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse | |
229 back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit | |
230 entirely on the screen. | |
231 | |
232 @findex mouse-start-secondary | |
233 @kindex M-Mouse-1 | |
234 @item M-Mouse-1 | |
235 Set one endpoint for the @dfn{secondary selection} | |
236 (@code{mouse-start-secondary}). | |
237 | |
238 @findex mouse-secondary-save-then-kill | |
239 @kindex M-Mouse-3 | |
240 @item M-Mouse-3 | |
241 Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1} | |
242 as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). A second click | |
243 at the same place kills the secondary selection just made. | |
244 | |
245 @findex mouse-yank-secondary | |
246 @kindex M-Mouse-2 | |
247 @item M-Mouse-2 | |
248 Insert the secondary selection where you click | |
249 (@code{mouse-yank-secondary}). This places point at the end of the | |
250 yanked text. | |
251 @end table | |
252 | |
253 Double or triple clicking of @kbd{M-Mouse-1} operates on words and | |
254 lines, much like @kbd{Mouse-1}. | |
255 | |
256 If @code{mouse-yank-at-point} is non-@code{nil}, @kbd{M-Mouse-2} | |
257 yanks at point. Then it does not matter precisely where you click; all | |
258 that matters is which window you click on. @xref{Mouse Commands}. | |
259 | |
33920 | 260 @node Clipboard |
261 @section Using the Clipboard | |
262 @cindex X clipboard | |
263 @cindex clipboard | |
264 @vindex x-select-enable-clipboard | |
265 @findex menu-bar-enable-clipboard | |
266 @cindex OpenWindows | |
267 @cindex Gnome | |
268 | |
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269 As well as the primary and secondary selection types, X supports a |
33920 | 270 @dfn{clipboard} selection type which is used by some applications, |
271 particularly under OpenWindows and Gnome. | |
272 | |
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273 The command @kbd{M-x menu-bar-enable-clipboard} makes the @code{Cut}, |
33920 | 274 @code{Paste} and @code{Copy} menu items, as well as the keys of the same |
275 names, all use the clipboard. | |
276 | |
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277 You can customize the option @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to make |
33920 | 278 the Emacs yank functions consult the clipboard before the primary |
279 selection, and to make the kill functions to store in the clipboard as | |
280 well as the primary selection. Otherwise they do not access the | |
281 clipboard at all. Using the clipboard is the default on MS-Windows, | |
282 unlike most systems. | |
283 | |
25829 | 284 @node Mouse References |
285 @section Following References with the Mouse | |
286 @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)} | |
287 | |
288 Some Emacs buffers display lists of various sorts. These include | |
289 lists of files, of buffers, of possible completions, of matches for | |
290 a pattern, and so on. | |
291 | |
292 Since yanking text into these buffers is not very useful, most of them | |
293 define @kbd{Mouse-2} specially, as a command to use or view the item you | |
294 click on. | |
295 | |
296 For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file name in a Dired | |
297 buffer, you visit that file. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on an error | |
298 message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer, you go to the source code | |
299 for that error message. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in | |
300 the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you choose that completion. | |
301 | |
302 You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-2} has this special sort of | |
303 meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you move the mouse | |
304 over it. | |
305 | |
306 @node Menu Mouse Clicks | |
307 @section Mouse Clicks for Menus | |
308 | |
309 Mouse clicks modified with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} keys | |
310 bring up menus. | |
311 | |
312 @table @kbd | |
313 @item C-Mouse-1 | |
30872 | 314 @kindex C-Mouse-1 |
25829 | 315 This menu is for selecting a buffer. |
316 | |
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317 The MSB (``mouse select buffer'') global minor mode makes this |
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318 menu smarter and more customizable. @xref{Buffer Menus}. |
30872 | 319 |
25829 | 320 @item C-Mouse-2 |
30872 | 321 @kindex C-Mouse-2 |
25829 | 322 This menu is for specifying faces and other text properties |
323 for editing formatted text. @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
324 | |
325 @item C-Mouse-3 | |
30872 | 326 @kindex C-Mouse-3 |
327 This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on, this | |
328 menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus put | |
329 together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this | |
330 button.@footnote{Some systems use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific | |
331 menu. We took a survey of users, and found they preferred to keep | |
332 @kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision to | |
333 use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu.} If Menu-bar mode is off, this menu | |
334 contains all the items which would be present in the menu bar---not just | |
335 the mode-specific ones---so that you can access them without having to | |
336 display the menu bar. | |
25829 | 337 |
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338 @item S-Mouse-1 |
25829 | 339 This menu is for specifying the frame's principal font. |
340 @end table | |
341 | |
342 @node Mode Line Mouse | |
343 @section Mode Line Mouse Commands | |
30872 | 344 @cindex mode line, mouse |
345 @cindex mouse on mode line | |
25829 | 346 |
347 You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate | |
348 windows. | |
349 | |
350 @table @kbd | |
351 @item Mouse-1 | |
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352 @kindex Mouse-1 @r{(mode line)} |
25829 | 353 @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window above. By dragging |
354 @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus changing the | |
355 height of the windows above and below. | |
356 | |
357 @item Mouse-2 | |
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358 @kindex Mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} |
25829 | 359 @kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame. |
360 | |
361 @item Mouse-3 | |
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362 @kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)} |
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363 @kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window above. If the frame has |
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364 only one window, it buries the current buffer instead and switches to |
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365 another buffer. |
25829 | 366 |
367 @item C-Mouse-2 | |
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368 @kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)} |
25829 | 369 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above |
370 horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click. | |
371 @end table | |
372 | |
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373 @kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)} |
25829 | 374 @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window |
37121 | 375 vertically, unless you are using an X toolkit's implementation of |
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376 scroll bars. @xref{Split Window}. |
25829 | 377 |
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378 The commands above apply to areas of the mode line which do not have |
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379 special mouse bindings of their own. Some areas, such as the buffer |
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380 name and the major mode name, have their own special mouse bindings. |
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381 Emacs displays information about these bindings when you hold the |
37121 | 382 mouse over such a place (@pxref{Tooltips}). |
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383 |
25829 | 384 @node Creating Frames |
385 @section Creating Frames | |
386 @cindex creating frames | |
387 | |
388 @kindex C-x 5 | |
389 The prefix key @kbd{C-x 5} is analogous to @kbd{C-x 4}, with parallel | |
390 subcommands. The difference is that @kbd{C-x 5} commands create a new | |
391 frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop | |
392 Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays | |
393 the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after | |
394 raising or deiconifying as necessary. | |
395 | |
396 The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the | |
397 buffer to select: | |
398 | |
399 @table @kbd | |
400 @item C-x 5 2 | |
401 @kindex C-x 5 2 | |
402 @findex make-frame-command | |
403 Create a new frame (@code{make-frame-command}). | |
404 @item C-x 5 b @var{bufname} @key{RET} | |
405 Select buffer @var{bufname} in another frame. This runs | |
406 @code{switch-to-buffer-other-frame}. | |
407 @item C-x 5 f @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
408 Visit file @var{filename} and select its buffer in another frame. This | |
409 runs @code{find-file-other-frame}. @xref{Visiting}. | |
410 @item C-x 5 d @var{directory} @key{RET} | |
411 Select a Dired buffer for directory @var{directory} in another frame. | |
412 This runs @code{dired-other-frame}. @xref{Dired}. | |
413 @item C-x 5 m | |
414 Start composing a mail message in another frame. This runs | |
415 @code{mail-other-frame}. It is the other-frame variant of @kbd{C-x m}. | |
416 @xref{Sending Mail}. | |
417 @item C-x 5 . | |
418 Find a tag in the current tag table in another frame. This runs | |
419 @code{find-tag-other-frame}, the multiple-frame variant of @kbd{M-.}. | |
420 @xref{Tags}. | |
421 @item C-x 5 r @var{filename} @key{RET} | |
422 @kindex C-x 5 r | |
423 @findex find-file-read-only-other-frame | |
424 Visit file @var{filename} read-only, and select its buffer in another | |
425 frame. This runs @code{find-file-read-only-other-frame}. | |
426 @xref{Visiting}. | |
427 @end table | |
428 | |
429 @cindex default-frame-alist | |
430 @cindex initial-frame-alist | |
431 You can control the appearance of new frames you create by setting the | |
432 frame parameters in @code{default-frame-alist}. You can use the | |
433 variable @code{initial-frame-alist} to specify parameters that affect | |
434 only the initial frame. @xref{Initial Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs | |
435 Lisp Reference Manual}, for more information. | |
436 | |
437 @cindex font (default) | |
438 The easiest way to specify the principal font for all your Emacs | |
439 frames is with an X resource (@pxref{Font X}), but you can also do it by | |
440 modifying @code{default-frame-alist} to specify the @code{font} | |
441 parameter, as shown here: | |
442 | |
443 @example | |
444 (add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20")) | |
445 @end example | |
446 | |
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447 @node Frame Commands |
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448 @section Frame Commands |
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449 |
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450 The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames: |
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451 |
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452 @table @kbd |
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453 @item C-z |
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454 @kindex C-z @r{(X windows)} |
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455 @findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame |
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456 Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}). |
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457 The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under a |
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458 window system, so it has a different binding in that case. |
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459 |
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460 If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame. |
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461 |
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462 @item C-x 5 0 |
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463 @kindex C-x 5 0 |
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464 @findex delete-frame |
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465 Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if |
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466 there is only one frame. |
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467 |
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468 @item C-x 5 o |
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469 @kindex C-x 5 o |
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470 @findex other-frame |
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471 Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it |
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472 stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the |
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473 frames on your terminal. |
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474 |
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475 @item C-x 5 1 |
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476 @kindex C-x 5 1 |
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477 @findex delete-other-frames |
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478 Delete all frames except the selected one. |
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479 @end table |
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480 |
25829 | 481 @node Speedbar |
482 @section Making and Using a Speedbar Frame | |
483 @cindex speedbar | |
484 | |
485 An Emacs frame can have a @dfn{speedbar}, which is a vertical window | |
486 that serves as a scrollable menu of files you could visit and tags | |
487 within those files. To create a speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}; this | |
488 creates a speedbar window for the selected frame. From then on, you can | |
489 click on a file name in the speedbar to visit that file in the | |
490 corresponding Emacs frame, or click on a tag name to jump to that tag in | |
491 the Emacs frame. | |
492 | |
493 Initially the speedbar lists the immediate contents of the current | |
494 directory, one file per line. Each line also has a box, @samp{[+]} or | |
495 @samp{<+>}, that you can click on with @kbd{Mouse-2} to ``open up'' the | |
496 contents of that item. If the line names a directory, opening it adds | |
497 the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the | |
498 directory's own line. If the line lists an ordinary file, opening it up | |
499 adds a list of the tags in that file to the speedbar display. When a | |
500 file is opened up, the @samp{[+]} changes to @samp{[-]}; you can click | |
501 on that box to ``close up'' that file (hide its contents). | |
502 | |
503 Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have | |
504 specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to | |
505 select. For example, in Rmail mode, the speedbar shows a list of Rmail | |
506 files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by | |
507 clicking on its @samp{<M>} box. | |
508 | |
509 A speedbar belongs to one Emacs frame, and always operates on that | |
510 frame. If you use multiple frames, you can make a speedbar for some or | |
511 all of the frames; type @kbd{M-x speedbar} in any given frame to make a | |
512 speedbar for it. | |
513 | |
514 @node Multiple Displays | |
515 @section Multiple Displays | |
516 @cindex multiple displays | |
517 | |
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518 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs |
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519 uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY} |
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520 environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial |
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521 Options}). To connect to another display, use the command |
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522 @code{make-frame-on-display}: |
25829 | 523 |
524 @findex make-frame-on-display | |
525 @table @kbd | |
526 @item M-x make-frame-on-display @key{RET} @var{display} @key{RET} | |
527 Create a new frame on display @var{display}. | |
528 @end table | |
529 | |
530 A single X server can handle more than one screen. When you open | |
531 frames on two screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows they share a | |
532 single keyboard, and it treats all the commands arriving from these | |
533 screens as a single stream of input. | |
534 | |
535 When you open frames on different X servers, Emacs makes a separate | |
536 input stream for each server. This way, two users can type | |
537 simultaneously on the two displays, and Emacs will not garble their | |
538 input. Each server also has its own selected frame. The commands you | |
539 enter with a particular X server apply to that server's selected frame. | |
540 | |
541 Despite these features, people using the same Emacs job from different | |
542 displays can still interfere with each other if they are not careful. | |
543 For example, if any one types @kbd{C-x C-c}, that exits the Emacs job | |
544 for all of them! | |
545 | |
546 @node Special Buffer Frames | |
547 @section Special Buffer Frames | |
548 | |
549 @vindex special-display-buffer-names | |
550 You can make certain chosen buffers, for which Emacs normally creates | |
551 a second window when you have just one window, appear in special frames | |
552 of their own. To do this, set the variable | |
553 @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list of buffer names; any | |
554 buffer whose name is in that list automatically gets a special frame, | |
555 when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in another window.'' | |
556 | |
557 For example, if you set the variable this way, | |
558 | |
559 @example | |
560 (setq special-display-buffer-names | |
561 '("*Completions*" "*grep*" "*tex-shell*")) | |
562 @end example | |
563 | |
564 @noindent | |
565 then completion lists, @code{grep} output and the @TeX{} mode shell | |
566 buffer get individual frames of their own. These frames, and the | |
567 windows in them, are never automatically split or reused for any other | |
568 buffers. They continue to show the buffers they were created for, | |
569 unless you alter them by hand. Killing the special buffer deletes its | |
570 frame automatically. | |
571 | |
572 @vindex special-display-regexps | |
573 More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list | |
574 of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name | |
575 matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only | |
576 to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a separate window.) | |
577 | |
578 @vindex special-display-frame-alist | |
579 The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame | |
580 parameters for these frames. It has a default value, so you don't need | |
581 to set it. | |
582 | |
583 For those who know Lisp, an element of | |
584 @code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps} | |
585 can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or | |
586 regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the | |
587 frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter values; | |
588 these values take precedence over parameter values specified in | |
589 @code{special-display-frame-alist}. Alternatively, it can have this | |
590 form: | |
591 | |
592 @example | |
593 (@var{function} @var{args}...) | |
594 @end example | |
595 | |
596 @noindent | |
597 where @var{function} is a symbol. Then the frame is constructed by | |
598 calling @var{function}; its first argument is the buffer, and its | |
599 remaining arguments are @var{args}. | |
600 | |
601 An analogous feature lets you specify buffers which should be | |
602 displayed in the selected window. @xref{Force Same Window}. The | |
603 same-window feature takes precedence over the special-frame feature; | |
604 therefore, if you add a buffer name to | |
605 @code{special-display-buffer-names} and it has no effect, check to see | |
606 whether that feature is also in use for the same buffer name. | |
607 | |
608 @node Frame Parameters | |
609 @section Setting Frame Parameters | |
610 @cindex colors | |
611 @cindex Auto-Raise mode | |
612 @cindex Auto-Lower mode | |
613 | |
614 This section describes commands for altering the display style and | |
615 window management behavior of the selected frame. | |
616 | |
617 @findex set-foreground-color | |
618 @findex set-background-color | |
619 @findex set-cursor-color | |
620 @findex set-mouse-color | |
621 @findex set-border-color | |
622 @findex auto-raise-mode | |
623 @findex auto-lower-mode | |
624 @table @kbd | |
625 @item M-x set-foreground-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
626 Specify color @var{color} for the foreground of the selected frame. | |
627 (This also changes the foreground color of the default face.) | |
628 | |
629 @item M-x set-background-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
630 Specify color @var{color} for the background of the selected frame. | |
631 (This also changes the background color of the default face.) | |
632 | |
633 @item M-x set-cursor-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
634 Specify color @var{color} for the cursor of the selected frame. | |
635 | |
636 @item M-x set-mouse-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
637 Specify color @var{color} for the mouse cursor when it is over the | |
638 selected frame. | |
639 | |
640 @item M-x set-border-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET} | |
641 Specify color @var{color} for the border of the selected frame. | |
642 | |
643 @item M-x list-colors-display | |
644 Display the defined color names and show what the colors look like. | |
645 This command is somewhat slow. | |
646 | |
647 @item M-x auto-raise-mode | |
648 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise | |
649 means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the | |
650 frame. | |
651 | |
652 Note that this auto-raise feature is implemented by Emacs itself. Some | |
653 window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable auto-raise for | |
654 Emacs frames in your X window manager, it should work, but it is beyond | |
655 Emacs's control and therefore @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect on | |
656 it. | |
657 | |
658 @item M-x auto-lower-mode | |
659 Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower. | |
660 Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame, | |
661 the frame moves to the bottom of the stack of X windows. | |
662 | |
663 The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower | |
664 implemented by the X window manager. To control that, you must use | |
665 the appropriate window manager features. | |
666 | |
667 @findex set-frame-font | |
668 @item M-x set-frame-font @key{RET} @var{font} @key{RET} | |
669 @cindex font (principal) | |
670 Specify font @var{font} as the principal font for the selected frame. | |
671 The principal font controls several face attributes of the | |
672 @code{default} face (@pxref{Faces}). For example, if the principal font | |
673 has a height of 12 pt, all text will be drawn in 12 pt fonts, unless you | |
674 use another face that specifies a different height. @xref{Font X}, for | |
675 ways to list the available fonts on your system. | |
676 | |
677 @kindex S-Mouse-1 | |
678 You can also set a frame's principal font through a pop-up menu. | |
679 Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate this menu. | |
680 @end table | |
681 | |
682 In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and | |
683 font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they | |
684 are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of | |
685 the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources X}). | |
686 @xref{Colors X}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of | |
687 font. | |
688 | |
689 For information on frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame | |
690 Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
691 | |
692 @node Scroll Bars | |
693 @section Scroll Bars | |
694 @cindex Scroll Bar mode | |
695 @cindex mode, Scroll Bar | |
696 | |
697 When using X, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at the left of | |
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698 each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is usually more |
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699 useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the left margin.} |
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700 The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows a moving |
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701 rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the buffer |
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702 currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar represents the |
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703 entire length of the buffer. |
25829 | 704 |
705 You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll | |
706 bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the | |
707 top of the scroll bar, you see the top of the buffer. If you move it to | |
708 the bottom of the scroll bar, you see the bottom of the buffer. | |
709 | |
710 The left and right buttons in the scroll bar scroll by controlled | |
711 increments. @kbd{Mouse-1} (normally, the left button) moves the line at | |
712 the level where you click up to the top of the window. @kbd{Mouse-3} | |
713 (normally, the right button) moves the line at the top of the window | |
714 down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same | |
715 place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over. | |
716 | |
34523 | 717 If you are using Emacs's own implementation of scroll bars, as opposed |
34444 | 718 to scroll bars from an X toolkit, you can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in |
719 the scroll bar to split a window vertically. The split occurs on the | |
720 line where you click. | |
25829 | 721 |
722 @findex scroll-bar-mode | |
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723 @vindex scroll-bar-mode |
25829 | 724 You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x |
725 scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll bars. | |
726 With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if the | |
727 argument is positive. This command applies to all frames, including | |
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728 frames yet to be created. Customize the option @code{scroll-bar-mode} |
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729 to control the use of scroll bars at startup. You can use it to specify |
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730 that they are placed at the right of windows if you prefer that. You |
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731 can use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control the initial |
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732 setting of Scroll Bar mode similarly. @xref{Resources X}. |
25829 | 733 |
734 @findex toggle-scroll-bar | |
735 To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the | |
736 @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar} command. | |
737 | |
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738 @vindex scroll-bar-width |
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739 @cindex width of the scroll bar |
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740 You can control the scroll bar width by changing the value of the |
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741 @code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter. |
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742 |
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743 @node Wheeled Mice |
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744 @section Scrolling With ``Wheeled'' Mice |
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745 |
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746 @cindex mouse wheel |
36864 | 747 @cindex wheel, mouse |
748 @findex mouse-wheel-mode | |
749 @cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode | |
750 @cindex mode, Mouse Wheel | |
751 Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can | |
752 usually click the wheel to act as either @kbd{Mouse-2} or | |
753 @kbd{Mouse-3}, depending on the setup. You can also use the wheel to | |
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754 scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands. |
36864 | 755 To do so, turn on Mouse Wheel global minor mode with the command |
756 @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-mode} or by customizing the option | |
757 @code{mouse-wheel-mode}. Support for the wheel depends on the system | |
758 generating appropriate events for Emacs. | |
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759 |
35875 | 760 @vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse |
761 @vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount | |
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762 The variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and |
35875 | 763 @code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much |
764 buffers are scrolled. | |
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765 |
25829 | 766 @node Menu Bars |
767 @section Menu Bars | |
768 @cindex Menu Bar mode | |
769 @cindex mode, Menu Bar | |
770 | |
771 You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
31609 | 772 menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the option @code{menu-bar-mode}. |
773 With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a | |
25829 | 774 minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the |
775 argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use | |
776 the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of | |
31609 | 777 Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources X}. |
778 | |
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779 @kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)} |
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780 Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only |
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781 terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text. |
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782 If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents |
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783 with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports popup menus. |
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784 @xref{Menu Mouse Clicks}. |
25829 | 785 |
786 @xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the | |
787 menu bar. | |
788 | |
31609 | 789 @node Tool Bars |
790 @section Tool Bars | |
791 @cindex Tool Bar mode | |
792 @cindex mode, Tool Bar | |
34040 | 793 @cindex icons, tool bar |
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794 |
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795 The @dfn{tool bar} is a line (or multiple lines) of icons at the top |
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796 of the Emacs window. You can click on these icons with the mouse |
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797 to do various jobs. |
31609 | 798 |
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799 The global tool bar contains general commands. Some major modes |
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800 define their own tool bars to replace it. A few ``special'' modes |
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801 that are not designed for ordinary editing remove some items from the |
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802 global tool bar. |
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803 |
36408 | 804 Tool bars work only on a graphical display. The tool bar uses colored |
805 XPM icons if Emacs was built with XPM support. Otherwise, the tool | |
806 bar uses monochrome icons (PBM or XBM format). | |
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807 |
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808 You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x |
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809 tool-bar-mode}. |
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810 |
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811 @node Dialog Boxes |
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812 @section Using Dialog Boxes |
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813 @cindex dialog boxes |
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814 |
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815 @vindex use-dialog-box |
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816 A dialog box is a special kind of menu for asking you a yes-or-no |
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817 question or some other special question. Many Emacs commands use a |
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818 dialog box to ask a yes-or-no question, if you used the mouse to |
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819 invoke the command to begin with. |
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820 |
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821 You can customize the option @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress the |
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822 use of dialog boxes. This also controls whether to use file selection |
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823 windows (but those are not supported on all platforms). |
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824 |
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825 @node Tooltips |
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826 @section Tooltips (or ``Balloon Help'') |
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827 |
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828 @cindex balloon help |
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829 Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current |
28432 | 830 mouse position, typically over text---including the mode line---which |
831 can be activated with the mouse or other keys. (This facility is | |
36185 | 832 sometimes known as @dfn{balloon help}.) Help text may be available for |
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833 menu items too. |
28432 | 834 |
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835 @findex tooltip-mode |
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836 To use tooltips, enable Tooltip mode with the command @kbd{M-x |
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837 tooltip-mode}. The customization group @code{tooltip} controls |
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838 various aspects of how tooltips work. When Tooltip mode is disabled, |
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839 the help text is displayed in the echo area instead. |
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840 |
37121 | 841 As of Emacs 21.1, tooltips are not supported on MS-Windows. |
842 So help text always appears in the echo area. | |
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843 |
28124 | 844 @node Mouse Avoidance |
845 @section Mouse Avoidance | |
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846 @cindex avoiding mouse in the way of your typing |
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847 @cindex mouse avoidance |
28124 | 848 |
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849 @vindex mouse-avoidance-mode |
28124 | 850 Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the window system mouse pointer away from |
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851 point, to avoid obscuring text. Whenever it moves the mouse, it also |
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852 raises the frame. To use Mouse Avoidance mode, customize the option |
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853 @code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to |
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854 move the mouse in several ways: |
28124 | 855 |
856 @table @code | |
857 @item banish | |
858 Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any keypress; | |
859 @item exile | |
860 Move the mouse to the corner only if the cursor gets too close, | |
861 and allow it to return once the cursor is out of the way; | |
862 @item jump | |
863 If the cursor gets too close to the mouse, displace the mouse | |
864 a random distance & direction; | |
865 @item animate | |
866 As @code{jump}, but shows steps along the way for illusion of motion; | |
867 @item cat-and-mouse | |
868 The same as @code{animate}; | |
869 @item proteus | |
870 As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too. | |
871 @end table | |
872 | |
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873 @findex mouse-avoidance-mode |
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874 You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to enable |
28124 | 875 the mode. |
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876 |
25829 | 877 @node Non-Window Terminals |
878 @section Non-Window Terminals | |
879 @cindex non-window terminals | |
880 @cindex single-frame terminals | |
881 | |
882 If your terminal does not have a window system that Emacs supports, | |
883 then it can display only one Emacs frame at a time. However, you can | |
884 still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch between them. Switching | |
885 frames on these terminals is much like switching between different | |
886 window configurations. | |
887 | |
888 Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x | |
889 5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete | |
890 the current frame. | |
891 | |
892 Each frame has a number to distinguish it. If your terminal can | |
893 display only one frame at a time, the selected frame's number @var{n} | |
894 appears near the beginning of the mode line, in the form | |
895 @samp{F@var{n}}. | |
896 | |
897 @findex set-frame-name | |
898 @findex select-frame-by-name | |
899 @samp{F@var{n}} is actually the frame's name. You can also specify a | |
900 different name if you wish, and you can select a frame by its name. Use | |
901 the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to | |
902 specify a new name for the selected frame, and use @kbd{M-x | |
903 select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to select a frame | |
904 according to its name. The name you specify appears in the mode line | |
905 when the frame is selected. | |
906 | |
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907 @node XTerm Mouse |
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908 @section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators |
28124 | 909 @cindex xterm, mouse support |
910 @cindex terminal emulators, mouse support | |
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911 |
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912 Some terminal emulators under X support mouse clicks in the terminal |
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913 window. In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm}, |
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914 you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to enable simple use of the |
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915 mouse---only single clicks are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse |
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916 functionality is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key |
36864 | 917 when you press the mouse button. The Linux console supports this |
918 mode if it has support for the mouse enabled, e.g.@: using the | |
919 @command{gpm} daemon. |