annotate src/xdisp.c @ 17342:c1e5198c8c92

(make-frame): Call `custom-initialize-frame'.

/* Display generation from window structure and buffer text.
   Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 88, 93, 94, 95 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GNU Emacs.

GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


#include <config.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/*#include <ctype.h>*/
#undef NULL
#include "lisp.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "window.h"
#include "termchar.h"
#include "dispextern.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "charset.h"
#include "indent.h"
#include "commands.h"
#include "macros.h"
#include "disptab.h"
#include "termhooks.h"
#include "intervals.h"
#include "keyboard.h"
#include "coding.h"
#include "process.h"

#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI)
extern void set_frame_menubar ();
extern int pending_menu_activation;
#endif

extern int interrupt_input;
extern int command_loop_level;

extern int minibuffer_auto_raise;

extern Lisp_Object Qface;

extern Lisp_Object Voverriding_local_map;
extern Lisp_Object Voverriding_local_map_menu_flag;

Lisp_Object Qoverriding_local_map, Qoverriding_terminal_local_map;
Lisp_Object Qwindow_scroll_functions, Vwindow_scroll_functions;
Lisp_Object Qredisplay_end_trigger_functions;

/* Nonzero means print newline to stdout before next minibuffer message.  */

int noninteractive_need_newline;

/* Nonzero means print newline to message log before next message.  */

static int message_log_need_newline;

#define min(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define minmax(floor, val, ceil) \
	((val) < (floor) ? (floor) : (val) > (ceil) ? (ceil) : (val))

/* The buffer position of the first character appearing
 entirely or partially on the current frame line.
 Or zero, which disables the optimization for the current frame line. */
static int this_line_bufpos;

/* Number of characters past the end of this line,
   including the terminating newline */
static int this_line_endpos;

/* The vertical position of this frame line. */
static int this_line_vpos;

/* Hpos value for start of display on this frame line.
   Usually zero, but negative if first character really began
   on previous line */
static int this_line_start_hpos;

/* Buffer that this_line variables are describing. */
static struct buffer *this_line_buffer;

/* Value of echo_area_glyphs when it was last acted on.
  If this is nonzero, there is a message on the frame
  in the minibuffer and it should be erased as soon
  as it is no longer requested to appear. */
char *previous_echo_glyphs;

/* Nonzero means truncate lines in all windows less wide than the frame */
int truncate_partial_width_windows;

/* Nonzero means we have more than one non-minibuffer-only frame.
   Not guaranteed to be accurate except while parsing frame-title-format.  */
int multiple_frames;

Lisp_Object Vglobal_mode_string;

/* Marker for where to display an arrow on top of the buffer text.  */
Lisp_Object Voverlay_arrow_position;

/* String to display for the arrow.  */
Lisp_Object Voverlay_arrow_string;

/* Like mode-line-format, but for the titlebar on a visible frame.  */
Lisp_Object Vframe_title_format;

/* Like mode-line-format, but for the titlebar on an iconified frame.  */
Lisp_Object Vicon_title_format;

/* List of functions to call when a window's size changes.  These
   functions get one arg, a frame on which one or more windows' sizes
   have changed.  */
static Lisp_Object Vwindow_size_change_functions;

/* Values of those variables at last redisplay.  */
static Lisp_Object last_arrow_position, last_arrow_string;

Lisp_Object Qmenu_bar_update_hook;

/* Nonzero if overlay arrow has been displayed once in this window.  */
static int overlay_arrow_seen;

/* Nonzero if visible end of buffer has already been displayed once
   in this window.  (We need this variable in case there are overlay
   strings that get displayed there.)  */
static int zv_strings_seen;

/* Nonzero means highlight the region even in nonselected windows.  */
static int highlight_nonselected_windows;

/* If cursor motion alone moves point off frame,
   Try scrolling this many lines up or down if that will bring it back.  */
static int scroll_step;

/* Non-0 means scroll just far enough to bring point back on the screen,
   when appropriate.  */
static int scroll_conservatively;

/* Recenter the window whenever point gets within this many lines
   of the top or bottom of the window.  */
int scroll_margin;

/* Nonzero if try_window_id has made blank lines at window bottom
 since the last redisplay that paused */
static int blank_end_of_window;

/* Number of windows showing the buffer of the selected window
   (or another buffer with the same base buffer).
   keyboard.c refers to this.  */
int buffer_shared;

/* display_text_line sets these to the frame position (origin 0) of point,
   whether the window is selected or not.
   Set one to -1 first to determine whether point was found afterwards.  */

static int cursor_vpos;
static int cursor_hpos;

static int debug_end_pos;

/* Nonzero means display mode line highlighted */
int mode_line_inverse_video;

static void redisplay_internal ();
static int message_log_check_duplicate ();
static void echo_area_display ();
void mark_window_display_accurate ();
static void redisplay_windows ();
static void redisplay_window ();
static void update_menu_bar ();
static void try_window ();
static int try_window_id ();
static struct position *display_text_line ();
static void display_mode_line ();
static int display_mode_element ();
static char *decode_mode_spec ();
static int display_string ();
static void display_menu_bar ();
static int display_count_lines ();

/* Prompt to display in front of the minibuffer contents */
Lisp_Object minibuf_prompt;

/* Width in columns of current minibuffer prompt.  */
int minibuf_prompt_width;

/* Message to display instead of minibuffer contents
   This is what the functions error and message make,
   and command echoing uses it as well.
   It overrides the minibuf_prompt as well as the buffer.  */
char *echo_area_glyphs;

/* This is the length of the message in echo_area_glyphs.  */
int echo_area_glyphs_length;

/* This is the window where the echo area message was displayed.
   It is always a minibuffer window, but it may not be the
   same window currently active as a minibuffer.  */
Lisp_Object echo_area_window;

/* true iff we should redraw the mode lines on the next redisplay */
int update_mode_lines;

/* Smallest number of characters before the gap
   at any time since last redisplay that finished.
   Valid for current buffer when try_window_id can be called.  */
int beg_unchanged;

/* Smallest number of characters after the gap
   at any time since last redisplay that finished.
   Valid for current buffer when try_window_id can be called.  */
int end_unchanged;

/* MODIFF as of last redisplay that finished;
   if it matches MODIFF, and overlay_unchanged_modified
   matches OVERLAY_MODIFF, that means beg_unchanged and end_unchanged
   contain no useful information */
int unchanged_modified;

/* OVERLAY_MODIFF as of last redisplay that finished.  */
int overlay_unchanged_modified;

/* Nonzero if window sizes or contents have changed
   since last redisplay that finished */
int windows_or_buffers_changed;

/* Nonzero after display_mode_line if %l was used
   and it displayed a line number.  */
int line_number_displayed;

/* Maximum buffer size for which to display line numbers.  */
static int line_number_display_limit;

/* Number of lines to keep in the message log buffer.
   t means infinite.  nil means don't log at all.  */
Lisp_Object Vmessage_log_max;

/* Output a newline in the *Messages* buffer if "needs" one.  */

void
message_log_maybe_newline ()
{
  if (message_log_need_newline)
    message_dolog ("", 0, 1);
}


/* Add a string to the message log, optionally terminated with a newline.
   This function calls low-level routines in order to bypass text property
   hooks, etc. which might not be safe to run.  */

void
message_dolog (m, len, nlflag)
     char *m;
     int len, nlflag;
{
  if (!NILP (Vmessage_log_max))
    {
      struct buffer *oldbuf;
      int oldpoint, oldbegv, oldzv;
      int old_windows_or_buffers_changed = windows_or_buffers_changed;

      oldbuf = current_buffer;
      Fset_buffer (Fget_buffer_create (build_string ("*Messages*")));
      current_buffer->undo_list = Qt;
      oldpoint = PT;
      oldbegv = BEGV;
      oldzv = ZV;
      BEGV = BEG;
      ZV = Z;
      if (oldpoint == Z)
	oldpoint += len + nlflag;
      if (oldzv == Z)
	oldzv += len + nlflag;
      TEMP_SET_PT (Z);
      if (len)
	insert_1 (m, len, 1, 0);
      if (nlflag)
	{
	  int this_bol, prev_bol, dup;
	  insert_1 ("\n", 1, 1, 0);

	  this_bol = scan_buffer ('\n', Z, 0, -2, 0, 0);
	  if (this_bol > BEG)
	    {
	      prev_bol = scan_buffer ('\n', this_bol, 0, -2, 0, 0);
	      dup = message_log_check_duplicate (prev_bol, this_bol);
	      if (dup)
		{
		  if (oldpoint > prev_bol)
		    oldpoint -= min (this_bol, oldpoint) - prev_bol;
		  if (oldbegv > prev_bol)
		    oldbegv -= min (this_bol, oldbegv) - prev_bol;
		  if (oldzv > prev_bol)
		    oldzv -= min (this_bol, oldzv) - prev_bol;
		  del_range_1 (prev_bol, this_bol, 0);
		  if (dup > 1)
		    {
		      char dupstr[40];
		      int duplen;

		      /* If you change this format, don't forget to also
			 change message_log_check_duplicate.  */
		      sprintf (dupstr, " [%d times]", dup);
		      duplen = strlen (dupstr);
		      TEMP_SET_PT (Z-1);
		      if (oldpoint == Z)
			oldpoint += duplen;
		      if (oldzv == Z)
			oldzv += duplen;
		      insert_1 (dupstr, duplen, 1, 0);
		    }
		}
	    }

	  if (NATNUMP (Vmessage_log_max))
	    {
	      int pos = scan_buffer ('\n', Z, 0,
				     -XFASTINT (Vmessage_log_max) - 1, 0, 0);
	      oldpoint -= min (pos, oldpoint) - BEG;
	      oldbegv -= min (pos, oldbegv) - BEG;
	      oldzv -= min (pos, oldzv) - BEG;
	      del_range_1 (BEG, pos, 0);
	    }
	}
      BEGV = oldbegv;
      ZV = oldzv;
      TEMP_SET_PT (oldpoint);
      set_buffer_internal (oldbuf);
      windows_or_buffers_changed = old_windows_or_buffers_changed;
      message_log_need_newline = !nlflag;
    }
}

/* We are at the end of the buffer after just having inserted a newline.
   (Note: We depend on the fact we won't be crossing the gap.)
   Check to see if the most recent message looks a lot like the previous one.
   Return 0 if different, 1 if the new one should just replace it, or a
   value N > 1 if we should also append " [N times]".  */

static int
message_log_check_duplicate (prev_bol, this_bol)
     int prev_bol, this_bol;
{
  int i;
  int len = Z - 1 - this_bol;
  int seen_dots = 0;
  unsigned char *p1 = BUF_CHAR_ADDRESS (current_buffer, prev_bol);
  unsigned char *p2 = BUF_CHAR_ADDRESS (current_buffer, this_bol);

  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
      if (i >= 3 && p1[i-3] == '.' && p1[i-2] == '.' && p1[i-1] == '.'
	  && p1[i] != '\n')
	seen_dots = 1;
      if (p1[i] != p2[i])
	return seen_dots;
    }
  p1 += len;
  if (*p1 == '\n')
    return 2;
  if (*p1++ == ' ' && *p1++ == '[')
    {
      int n = 0;
      while (*p1 >= '0' && *p1 <= '9')
	n = n * 10 + *p1++ - '0';
      if (strncmp (p1, " times]\n", 8) == 0)
	return n+1;
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Display an echo area message M with a specified length of LEN chars.
   The string may include null characters.  If M is 0, clear out any
   existing message, and let the minibuffer text show through.

   The buffer M must continue to exist until after the echo area
   gets cleared or some other message gets displayed there.

   Do not pass text that is stored in a Lisp string.
   Do not pass text in a buffer that was alloca'd.  */

void
message2 (m, len)
     char *m;
     int len;
{
  /* First flush out any partial line written with print.  */
  message_log_maybe_newline ();
  if (m)
    message_dolog (m, len, 1);
  message2_nolog (m, len);
}


/* The non-logging counterpart of message2.  */

void
message2_nolog (m, len)
     char *m;
     int len;
{
  if (noninteractive)
    {
      if (noninteractive_need_newline)
	putc ('\n', stderr);
      noninteractive_need_newline = 0;
      fwrite (m, len, 1, stderr);
      if (cursor_in_echo_area == 0)
	fprintf (stderr, "\n");
      fflush (stderr);
    }
  /* A null message buffer means that the frame hasn't really been
     initialized yet.  Error messages get reported properly by
     cmd_error, so this must be just an informative message; toss it.  */
  else if (INTERACTIVE && FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (selected_frame))
    {
      Lisp_Object mini_window;
      FRAME_PTR f;

      /* Get the frame containing the minibuffer
	 that the selected frame is using.  */
      mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (selected_frame);
      f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));

      FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY (f);
      if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (selected_frame)
	  && ! FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f))
	Fmake_frame_visible (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));

      if (m)
	{
	  echo_area_glyphs = m;
	  echo_area_glyphs_length = len;

	  if (minibuffer_auto_raise)
	    Fraise_frame  (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));
	}
      else
	echo_area_glyphs = previous_echo_glyphs = 0;

      do_pending_window_change ();
      echo_area_display ();
      update_frame (f, 1, 1);
      do_pending_window_change ();
      if (frame_up_to_date_hook != 0 && ! gc_in_progress)
	(*frame_up_to_date_hook) (f);
    }
}

/* Display a null-terminated echo area message M.  If M is 0, clear out any
   existing message, and let the minibuffer text show through.

   The buffer M must continue to exist until after the echo area
   gets cleared or some other message gets displayed there.

   Do not pass text that is stored in a Lisp string.
   Do not pass text in a buffer that was alloca'd.  */

void
message1 (m)
     char *m;
{
  message2 (m, (m ? strlen (m) : 0));
}

void
message1_nolog (m)
     char *m;
{
  message2_nolog (m, (m ? strlen (m) : 0));
}

/* Truncate what will be displayed in the echo area
   the next time we display it--but don't redisplay it now.  */

void
truncate_echo_area (len)
     int len;
{
  /* A null message buffer means that the frame hasn't really been
     initialized yet.  Error messages get reported properly by
     cmd_error, so this must be just an informative message; toss it.  */
  if (!noninteractive && INTERACTIVE && FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (selected_frame))
    echo_area_glyphs_length = len;
}

/* Nonzero if FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (selected_frame) is being used by print;
   zero if being used by message.  */
int message_buf_print;

/* Dump an informative message to the minibuf.  If M is 0, clear out
   any existing message, and let the minibuffer text show through.  */

/* VARARGS 1 */
void
message (m, a1, a2, a3)
     char *m;
     EMACS_INT a1, a2, a3;
{
  if (noninteractive)
    {
      if (m)
	{
	  if (noninteractive_need_newline)
	    putc ('\n', stderr);
	  noninteractive_need_newline = 0;
	  fprintf (stderr, m, a1, a2, a3);
	  if (cursor_in_echo_area == 0)
	    fprintf (stderr, "\n");
	  fflush (stderr);
	}
    }
  else if (INTERACTIVE)
    {
      /* The frame whose minibuffer we're going to display the message on.
	 It may be larger than the selected frame, so we need
	 to use its buffer, not the selected frame's buffer.  */
      Lisp_Object mini_window;
      FRAME_PTR f;

      /* Get the frame containing the minibuffer
	 that the selected frame is using.  */
      mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (selected_frame);
      f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));

      /* A null message buffer means that the frame hasn't really been
	 initialized yet.  Error messages get reported properly by
	 cmd_error, so this must be just an informative message; toss it.  */
      if (FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (f))
	{
	  if (m)
	    {
	      int len;
#ifdef NO_ARG_ARRAY
	      EMACS_INT a[3];
	      a[0] = a1;
	      a[1] = a2;
	      a[2] = a3;

	      len = doprnt (FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (f),
			    FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF_SIZE (f), m, (char *)0, 3, a);
#else
	      len = doprnt (FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (f),
			    FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF_SIZE (f), m, (char *)0, 3, &a1);
#endif /* NO_ARG_ARRAY */

	      message2 (FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF (f), len);
	    }
	  else
	    message1 (0);

	  /* Print should start at the beginning of the message
	     buffer next time.  */
	  message_buf_print = 0;
	}
    }
}

/* The non-logging version of message.  */
void
message_nolog (m, a1, a2, a3)
     char *m;
     EMACS_INT a1, a2, a3;
{
  Lisp_Object old_log_max;
  old_log_max = Vmessage_log_max;
  Vmessage_log_max = Qnil;
  message (m, a1, a2, a3);
  Vmessage_log_max = old_log_max;
}

void
update_echo_area ()
{
  message2 (echo_area_glyphs, echo_area_glyphs_length);
}

static void
echo_area_display ()
{
  register int vpos;
  FRAME_PTR f;
  Lisp_Object mini_window;

  /* Choose the minibuffer window for this display.
     It is the minibuffer window used by the selected frame.  */
  mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (selected_frame);
  /* This is the frame that window is in.  */
  f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));

  if (! FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f))
    return;

  if (frame_garbaged)
    {
      redraw_garbaged_frames ();
      frame_garbaged = 0;
    }

  if (echo_area_glyphs || minibuf_level == 0)
    {
      int i;

      echo_area_window = mini_window;

      vpos = XFASTINT (XWINDOW (mini_window)->top);
      get_display_line (f, vpos, 0);

      /* Make sure the columns that overlap a left-hand scroll bar
	 are always clear.  */
      for (i = 0; i < FRAME_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH (f); i++)
	f->desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos][i] = SPACEGLYPH;

      display_string (XWINDOW (mini_window), vpos,
		      echo_area_glyphs ? echo_area_glyphs : "",
		      echo_area_glyphs ? echo_area_glyphs_length : -1,
		      FRAME_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH (f),
		      0, 0, 0, FRAME_WIDTH (f));

#if 0 /* This just gets in the way.  update_frame does the job.  */
      /* If desired cursor location is on this line, put it at end of text */
      if (cursor_in_echo_area)
	FRAME_CURSOR_Y (f) = vpos;
      if (FRAME_CURSOR_Y (f) == vpos)
	FRAME_CURSOR_X (f) = FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f)->used[vpos];
#endif

      /* Fill the rest of the minibuffer window with blank lines.  */
      {
	int i;

	for (i = vpos + 1;
	     i < vpos + XFASTINT (XWINDOW (mini_window)->height); i++)
	  {
	    get_display_line (f, i, 0);
	    display_string (XWINDOW (mini_window), vpos,
			    "", 0, 
                            FRAME_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH (f),
			    0, 0, 0, FRAME_WIDTH (f));
	  }
      }
    }
  else if (!EQ (mini_window, selected_window))
    windows_or_buffers_changed++;

  if (EQ (mini_window, selected_window))
    this_line_bufpos = 0;

  previous_echo_glyphs = echo_area_glyphs;
}

/* Update frame titles.  */

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
static char frame_title_buf[512];
static char *frame_title_ptr;

static int
store_frame_title (str, mincol, maxcol)
     char *str;
     int mincol, maxcol;
{
  char *limit;
  if (maxcol < 0 || maxcol >= sizeof(frame_title_buf))
    maxcol = sizeof (frame_title_buf);
  limit = &frame_title_buf[maxcol];
  while (*str != '\0' && frame_title_ptr < limit)
    *frame_title_ptr++ = *str++;
  while (frame_title_ptr < &frame_title_buf[mincol])
    *frame_title_ptr++ = ' ';
  return frame_title_ptr - frame_title_buf;
}

static void
x_consider_frame_title (frame)
     Lisp_Object frame;
{
  Lisp_Object fmt;
  struct buffer *obuf;
  int len;
  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (frame);

  if (!(FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) || FRAME_MINIBUF_ONLY_P (f) || f->explicit_name))
    return;

  /* Do we have more than one visible frame on this X display?  */
  {
    Lisp_Object tail;

    for (tail = Vframe_list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCONS (tail)->cdr)
      {
	FRAME_PTR tf = XFRAME (XCONS (tail)->car);

	if (tf != f && FRAME_KBOARD (tf) == FRAME_KBOARD (f)
	    && !FRAME_MINIBUF_ONLY_P (tf)
	    && (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (tf) || FRAME_ICONIFIED_P (tf)))
	  break;
      }

    multiple_frames = CONSP (tail);
  }

  obuf = current_buffer;
  Fset_buffer (XWINDOW (f->selected_window)->buffer);
  fmt = (FRAME_ICONIFIED_P (f) ? Vicon_title_format : Vframe_title_format);
  frame_title_ptr = frame_title_buf;
  len = display_mode_element (XWINDOW (f->selected_window), 0, 0, 0,
			      0, sizeof (frame_title_buf), fmt);
  frame_title_ptr = 0;
  set_buffer_internal (obuf);
  /* Set the name only if it's changed.  This avoids consing
     in the common case where it hasn't.  (If it turns out that we've
     already wasted too much time by walking through the list with
     display_mode_element, then we might need to optimize at a higher
     level than this.)  */
  if (! STRINGP (f->name) || XSTRING (f->name)->size != len
      || bcmp (frame_title_buf, XSTRING (f->name)->data, len) != 0)
    x_implicitly_set_name (f, make_string (frame_title_buf, len), Qnil);
}
#else
#define frame_title_ptr ((char *)0)
#define store_frame_title(str, mincol, maxcol) 0
#endif

/* Prepare for redisplay by updating menu-bar item lists when appropriate.
   This can call eval.  */

void
prepare_menu_bars ()
{
  register struct window *w = XWINDOW (selected_window);
  int all_windows;
  struct gcpro gcpro1, gcpro2;

  all_windows = (update_mode_lines || buffer_shared > 1
		 || windows_or_buffers_changed);

  /* Update all frame titles based on their buffer names, etc.
     We do this before the menu bars so that the buffer-menu
     will show the up-to-date frame titles.

     This used to be done after the menu bars, for a reason that
     was stated as follows but which I do not understand:
     "We do this after the menu bars so that the frame will first
     create its menu bar using the name `emacs' if no other name
     has yet been specified."
     I think that is no longer a concern.  */
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (windows_or_buffers_changed || update_mode_lines)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
	if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (XFRAME (frame))
	    || FRAME_ICONIFIED_P (XFRAME (frame)))
	  x_consider_frame_title (frame);
    }
#endif

  /* Update the menu bar item lists, if appropriate.
     This has to be done before any actual redisplay
     or generation of display lines.  */
  if (all_windows)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;
      int count = specpdl_ptr - specpdl;

      record_unwind_protect (Fstore_match_data, Fmatch_data (Qnil, Qnil));

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
	{
	  /* If a window on this frame changed size,
	     report that to the user and clear the size-change flag.  */
	  if (FRAME_WINDOW_SIZES_CHANGED (XFRAME (frame)))
	    {
	      Lisp_Object functions;
	      /* Clear flag first in case we get error below.  */
	      FRAME_WINDOW_SIZES_CHANGED (XFRAME (frame)) = 0;
	      functions = Vwindow_size_change_functions;
	      GCPRO2 (tail, functions);
	      while (CONSP (functions))
		{
		  call1 (XCONS (functions)->car, frame);
		  functions = XCONS (functions)->cdr;
		}
	      UNGCPRO;
	    }
	  GCPRO1 (tail);
	  update_menu_bar (XFRAME (frame), 0);
	  UNGCPRO;
	}

      unbind_to (count, Qnil);
    }
  else
    update_menu_bar (selected_frame, 1);

  /* Motif needs this.  See comment in xmenu.c.
     Turn it off when pending_menu_activation is not defined.  */
#ifdef USE_X_TOOLKIT
  pending_menu_activation = 0;
#endif
}

/* Do a frame update, taking possible shortcuts into account.
   This is the main external entry point for redisplay.

   If the last redisplay displayed an echo area message and that
   message is no longer requested, we clear the echo area
   or bring back the minibuffer if that is in use.

   Do not call eval from within this function.
   Calls to eval after the call to echo_area_display would confuse
   the display_line mechanism and would cause a crash.
   Calls to eval before that point will work most of the time,
   but can still lose, because  this function
   can be called from signal handlers; with alarms set up;
   or with synchronous processes running.

   See Fcall_process; if you called it from here, it could be
   entered recursively.  */

static int do_verify_charstarts;

/* Counter is used to clear the face cache
   no more than once ever 1000 redisplays.  */
static int clear_face_cache_count;

/* Record the previous terminal frame we displayed.  */
static FRAME_PTR previous_terminal_frame;

void
redisplay ()
{
  redisplay_internal (0);
}

/* If PRESERVE_ECHO_AREA is nonzero, it means this redisplay
   is not in response to any user action; therefore, we should
   preserve the echo area.  (Actually, our caller does that job.)
   Perhaps in the future avoid recentering windows
   if it is not necessary; currently that causes some problems.  */

static void
redisplay_internal (preserve_echo_area)
     int preserve_echo_area;
{
  register struct window *w = XWINDOW (selected_window);
  register int pause;
  int must_finish = 0;
  int all_windows;
  register int tlbufpos, tlendpos;
  struct position pos;

  if (noninteractive)
    return;

#ifdef USE_X_TOOLKIT
  if (popup_activated ())
    return;
#endif

  if (! FRAME_WINDOW_P (selected_frame)
      && previous_terminal_frame != selected_frame)
    {
      /* Since frames on an ASCII terminal share the same display area,
	 displaying a different frame means redisplay the whole thing.  */
      windows_or_buffers_changed++;
      SET_FRAME_GARBAGED (selected_frame);
      XSETFRAME (Vterminal_frame, selected_frame);
    }
  previous_terminal_frame = selected_frame;

  /* Set the visible flags for all frames.
     Do this before checking for resized or garbaged frames; they want
     to know if their frames are visible.
     See the comment in frame.h for FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY.  */
  {
    Lisp_Object tail, frame;

    FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
      {
	FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY (XFRAME (frame));

	/* Clear out all the display lines in which we will generate the
	   glyphs to display.  */
	init_desired_glyphs (XFRAME (frame));
      }
  }

  /* Notice any pending interrupt request to change frame size.  */
  do_pending_window_change ();

  if (frame_garbaged)
    {
      redraw_garbaged_frames ();
      frame_garbaged = 0;
    }

  prepare_menu_bars ();

  if (windows_or_buffers_changed)
    update_mode_lines++;

  /* Detect case that we need to write or remove a star in the mode line.  */
  if ((SAVE_MODIFF < MODIFF) != !NILP (w->last_had_star))
    {
      w->update_mode_line = Qt;
      if (buffer_shared > 1)
	update_mode_lines++;
    }

  /* If %c is in use, update it if needed.  */
  if (!NILP (w->column_number_displayed)
      /* This alternative quickly identifies a common case
	 where no change is needed.  */
      && !(PT == XFASTINT (w->last_point)
	   && XFASTINT (w->last_modified) >= MODIFF
	   && XFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified) >= OVERLAY_MODIFF)
      && XFASTINT (w->column_number_displayed) != current_column ())
    w->update_mode_line = Qt; 

  FRAME_SCROLL_BOTTOM_VPOS (XFRAME (w->frame)) = -1;

  all_windows = update_mode_lines || buffer_shared > 1;

  /* If specs for an arrow have changed, do thorough redisplay
     to ensure we remove any arrow that should no longer exist.  */
  if (! EQ (Voverlay_arrow_position, last_arrow_position)
      || ! EQ (Voverlay_arrow_string, last_arrow_string))
    all_windows = 1;

  /* Normally the message* functions will have already displayed and
     updated the echo area, but the frame may have been trashed, or
     the update may have been preempted, so display the echo area
     again here.  */
  if (echo_area_glyphs || previous_echo_glyphs)
    {
      echo_area_display ();
      must_finish = 1;
    }

  /* If showing region, and mark has changed, must redisplay whole window.  */
  if (((!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode)
	&& !NILP (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->mark_active))
       != !NILP (w->region_showing))
      || (!NILP (w->region_showing)
	  && !EQ (w->region_showing,
		  Fmarker_position (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->mark))))
    this_line_bufpos = -1;

  tlbufpos = this_line_bufpos;
  tlendpos = this_line_endpos;
  if (!all_windows && tlbufpos > 0 && NILP (w->update_mode_line)
      && !current_buffer->clip_changed
      && FRAME_VISIBLE_P (XFRAME (w->frame))
      /* Make sure recorded data applies to current buffer, etc */
      && this_line_buffer == current_buffer
      && current_buffer == XBUFFER (w->buffer)
      && NILP (w->force_start)
      /* Point must be on the line that we have info recorded about */
      && PT >= tlbufpos
      && PT <= Z - tlendpos
      /* All text outside that line, including its final newline,
	 must be unchanged */
      && ((XFASTINT (w->last_modified) >= MODIFF
	   && (XFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified) >= OVERLAY_MODIFF))
	  || (beg_unchanged >= tlbufpos - 1
	      && GPT >= tlbufpos
	      /* If selective display, can't optimize
		 if the changes start at the beginning of the line.  */
	      && ((INTEGERP (current_buffer->selective_display)
		   && XINT (current_buffer->selective_display) > 0
		   ? (beg_unchanged >= tlbufpos
		      && GPT > tlbufpos)
		   : 1))
	      && end_unchanged >= tlendpos
	      && Z - GPT >= tlendpos)))
    {
      if (tlbufpos > BEGV && FETCH_BYTE (tlbufpos - 1) != '\n'
	  && (tlbufpos == ZV
	      || FETCH_BYTE (tlbufpos) == '\n'))
	/* Former continuation line has disappeared by becoming empty */
	goto cancel;
      else if (XFASTINT (w->last_modified) < MODIFF
	       || XFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified) < OVERLAY_MODIFF
	       || MINI_WINDOW_P (w))
	{
	  /* We have to handle the case of continuation around a
	     wide-column character (See the comment in indent.c around
	     line 885).

	     For instance, in the following case:

	     --------  Insert  --------
	     K_A_N_\\   `a'    K_A_N_a\		`X_' are wide-column chars.
	     J_I_       ==>    J_I_		`^^' are cursors.
	     ^^                ^^
	     --------          --------

	     As we have to redraw the line above, we should goto cancel.  */

	  struct position val;
	  int prevline;

	  prevline = find_next_newline (tlbufpos, -1);
	  val = *compute_motion (prevline, 0,
				 XINT (w->hscroll) ? 1 - XINT (w->hscroll) : 0,
				 0,
				 tlbufpos,
				 1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1),
				 1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1),
				 window_internal_width (w) - 1,
				 XINT (w->hscroll), 0, w);
	  if (val.hpos != this_line_start_hpos)
	    goto cancel;

	  cursor_vpos = -1;
	  overlay_arrow_seen = 0;
	  zv_strings_seen = 0;
	  display_text_line (w, tlbufpos, this_line_vpos, this_line_start_hpos,
			     pos_tab_offset (w, tlbufpos), 0);
	  /* If line contains point, is not continued,
		 and ends at same distance from eob as before, we win */
	  if (cursor_vpos >= 0 && this_line_bufpos
	      && this_line_endpos == tlendpos)
	    {
	      /* If this is not the window's last line,
		 we must adjust the charstarts of the lines below.  */
	      if (this_line_vpos + 1
		  < XFASTINT (w->top) + window_internal_height (w))
		{
		  int left = WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w);
		  int *charstart_next_line
		    = FRAME_CURRENT_GLYPHS (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w)))->charstarts[this_line_vpos + 1];
		  int adjust;

		  if (Z - tlendpos == ZV)
		    /* This line ends at end of (accessible part of) buffer.
		       There is no newline to count.  */
		    adjust = Z - tlendpos - charstart_next_line[left];
		  else
		    /* This line ends in a newline.
		       Must take account of the newline and the rest of the
		       text that follows.  */
		    adjust = Z - tlendpos + 1 - charstart_next_line[left];

		  adjust_window_charstarts (w, this_line_vpos, adjust);
		}

	      if (!WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
		preserve_other_columns (w);
	      goto update;
	    }
	  else
	    goto cancel;
	}
      else if (PT == XFASTINT (w->last_point)
	       /* Make sure the cursor was last displayed
		  in this window.  Otherwise we have to reposition it.  */
	       && XINT (w->top) <= FRAME_CURSOR_Y (selected_frame)
	       && (XINT (w->top) + XINT (w->height)
		   > FRAME_CURSOR_Y (selected_frame)))
	{
	  if (!must_finish)
	    {
	      do_pending_window_change ();
	      return;
	    }
	  goto update;
	}
      /* If highlighting the region, or if the cursor is in the echo area,
	 then we can't just move the cursor.  */
      else if (! (!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode)
		  && !NILP (current_buffer->mark_active))
	       && w == XWINDOW (current_buffer->last_selected_window)
	       && NILP (w->region_showing)
	       && !cursor_in_echo_area)
	{
	  pos = *compute_motion (tlbufpos, 0,
				 XINT (w->hscroll) ? 1 - XINT (w->hscroll) : 0,
				 0,
				 PT, 2, - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
				 window_internal_width (w) - 1,
				 XINT (w->hscroll),
				 pos_tab_offset (w, tlbufpos), w);
	  if (pos.vpos < 1)
	    {
	      int width = window_internal_width (w) - 1;
	      FRAME_CURSOR_X (selected_frame)
		= WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w) + minmax (0, pos.hpos, width);
	      FRAME_CURSOR_Y (selected_frame) = this_line_vpos;
	      goto update;
	    }
	  else
	    goto cancel;
	}
    cancel:
      /* Text changed drastically or point moved off of line */
      cancel_line (this_line_vpos, selected_frame);
    }

  this_line_bufpos = 0;
  all_windows |= buffer_shared > 1;

  clear_face_cache_count++;

  if (all_windows)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;

#ifdef HAVE_FACES
      /* Clear the face cache, only when we do a full redisplay
	 and not too often either.  */
      if (clear_face_cache_count > 1000)
	{
	  clear_face_cache ();
	  clear_face_cache_count = 0;
	}
#endif

      /* Recompute # windows showing selected buffer.
	 This will be incremented each time such a window is displayed.  */
      buffer_shared = 0;

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
	{
	  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (frame);
	  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) || f == selected_frame)
	    {

	      /* Mark all the scroll bars to be removed; we'll redeem the ones
		 we want when we redisplay their windows.  */
	      if (condemn_scroll_bars_hook)
		(*condemn_scroll_bars_hook) (f);

	      if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f))
		redisplay_windows (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f), preserve_echo_area);

	      /* Any scroll bars which redisplay_windows should have nuked
		 should now go away.  */
	      if (judge_scroll_bars_hook)
		(*judge_scroll_bars_hook) (f);
	    }
	}
    }
  else if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (selected_frame))
    {
      redisplay_window (selected_window, 1, preserve_echo_area);
      if (!WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
	preserve_other_columns (w);
    }

update: 
  /* Prevent various kinds of signals during display update.
     stdio is not robust about handling signals,
     which can cause an apparent I/O error.  */
  if (interrupt_input)
    unrequest_sigio ();
  stop_polling ();

  if (all_windows)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail;

      pause = 0;

      for (tail = Vframe_list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCONS (tail)->cdr)
	{
	  FRAME_PTR f;

	  if (!FRAMEP (XCONS (tail)->car))
	    continue;

	  f = XFRAME (XCONS (tail)->car);

	  if ((FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) || f == selected_frame)
	      && FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f))
	    {
	      pause |= update_frame (f, 0, 0);
	      if (!pause)
		{
		  mark_window_display_accurate (f->root_window, 1);
		  if (frame_up_to_date_hook != 0)
		    (*frame_up_to_date_hook) (f);
		}
	    }
	}
    }
  else
    {
      if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (selected_frame))
	pause = update_frame (selected_frame, 0, 0);
      else
	pause = 0;

      /* We may have called echo_area_display at the top of this
	 function.  If the echo area is on another frame, that may
	 have put text on a frame other than the selected one, so the
	 above call to update_frame would not have caught it.  Catch
	 it here.  */
      {
	Lisp_Object mini_window;
	FRAME_PTR mini_frame;

	mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (selected_frame);
	mini_frame = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));
	
	if (mini_frame != selected_frame && FRAME_WINDOW_P (mini_frame))
	  pause |= update_frame (mini_frame, 0, 0);
      }
    }

  /* If frame does not match, prevent doing single-line-update next time.
     Also, don't forget to check every line to update the arrow.  */
  if (pause)
    {
      this_line_bufpos = 0;
      if (!NILP (last_arrow_position))
	{
	  last_arrow_position = Qt;
	  last_arrow_string = Qt;
	}
      /* If we pause after scrolling, some lines in current_frame
	 may be null, so preserve_other_columns won't be able to
	 preserve all the vertical-bar separators.  So, avoid using it
	 in that case.  */
      if (!WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
	update_mode_lines = 1;
    }

  /* Now text on frame agrees with windows, so
     put info into the windows for partial redisplay to follow */

  if (!pause)
    {
      register struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->buffer);

      blank_end_of_window = 0;
      unchanged_modified = BUF_MODIFF (b);
      overlay_unchanged_modified = BUF_OVERLAY_MODIFF (b);
      beg_unchanged = BUF_GPT (b) - BUF_BEG (b);
      end_unchanged = BUF_Z (b) - BUF_GPT (b);

      XSETFASTINT (w->last_point, BUF_PT (b));
      XSETFASTINT (w->last_point_x, FRAME_CURSOR_X (selected_frame));
      XSETFASTINT (w->last_point_y, FRAME_CURSOR_Y (selected_frame));

      if (all_windows)
	mark_window_display_accurate (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (selected_frame), 1);
      else
	{
	  b->clip_changed = 0;
	  w->update_mode_line = Qnil;
	  XSETFASTINT (w->last_modified, BUF_MODIFF (b));
	  XSETFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified, BUF_OVERLAY_MODIFF (b));
	  w->last_had_star
	    = (BUF_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer)) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer))
	       ? Qt : Qnil);
	  w->window_end_valid = w->buffer;
	  last_arrow_position = Voverlay_arrow_position;
	  last_arrow_string = Voverlay_arrow_string;
	  if (do_verify_charstarts)
	    verify_charstarts (w);
	  if (frame_up_to_date_hook != 0)
	    (*frame_up_to_date_hook) (selected_frame);
	}
      update_mode_lines = 0;
      windows_or_buffers_changed = 0;
    }

  /* Start SIGIO interrupts coming again.
     Having them off during the code above
     makes it less likely one will discard output,
     but not impossible, since there might be stuff
     in the system buffer here.
     But it is much hairier to try to do anything about that.  */

  if (interrupt_input)
    request_sigio ();
  start_polling ();

  /* Change frame size now if a change is pending.  */
  do_pending_window_change ();

  /* If we just did a pending size change, redisplay again
     for the new size.  */
  if (windows_or_buffers_changed && !pause)
    redisplay ();
}

/* Redisplay, but leave alone any recent echo area message
   unless another message has been requested in its place.

   This is useful in situations where you need to redisplay but no
   user action has occurred, making it inappropriate for the message
   area to be cleared.  See tracking_off and
   wait_reading_process_input for examples of these situations.  */

redisplay_preserve_echo_area ()
{
  if (echo_area_glyphs == 0 && previous_echo_glyphs != 0)
    {
      echo_area_glyphs = previous_echo_glyphs;
      redisplay_internal (1);
      echo_area_glyphs = 0;
    }
  else
    redisplay_internal (1);
}

void
mark_window_display_accurate (window, flag)
     Lisp_Object window;
     int flag;
{
  register struct window *w;

  for (;!NILP (window); window = w->next)
    {
      if (!WINDOWP (window)) abort ();
      w = XWINDOW (window);

      if (!NILP (w->buffer))
	{
	  XSETFASTINT (w->last_modified,
		       !flag ? 0 : BUF_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer)));
	  XSETFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified,
		       !flag ? 0 : BUF_OVERLAY_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer)));
	  w->last_had_star
	    = (BUF_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer)) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer))
	       ? Qt : Qnil);

	  /* Record if we are showing a region, so can make sure to
	     update it fully at next redisplay.  */
	  w->region_showing = (!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode)
			       && w == XWINDOW (current_buffer->last_selected_window)
			       && !NILP (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->mark_active)
			       ? Fmarker_position (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->mark)
			       : Qnil);
	}

      w->window_end_valid = w->buffer;
      w->update_mode_line = Qnil;
      if (!NILP (w->buffer) && flag)
	XBUFFER (w->buffer)->clip_changed = 0;

      if (!NILP (w->vchild))
	mark_window_display_accurate (w->vchild, flag);
      if (!NILP (w->hchild))
	mark_window_display_accurate (w->hchild, flag);
    }

  if (flag)
    {
      last_arrow_position = Voverlay_arrow_position;
      last_arrow_string = Voverlay_arrow_string;
    }
  else
    {
      /* t is unequal to any useful value of Voverlay_arrow_... */
      last_arrow_position = Qt;
      last_arrow_string = Qt;
    }
}

/* Update the menu bar item list for frame F.
   This has to be done before we start to fill in any display lines,
   because it can call eval.

   If SAVE_MATCH_DATA is 1, we must save and restore it here.  */

static void
update_menu_bar (f, save_match_data)
     FRAME_PTR f;
     int save_match_data;
{
  struct buffer *old = current_buffer;
  Lisp_Object window;
  register struct window *w;

  window = FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f);
  w = XWINDOW (window);
  
  if (update_mode_lines)
    w->update_mode_line = Qt;

  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
      ?
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI)
      FRAME_EXTERNAL_MENU_BAR (f) 
#else
      FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0
#endif
      : FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0)
    {
      /* If the user has switched buffers or windows, we need to
	 recompute to reflect the new bindings.  But we'll
	 recompute when update_mode_lines is set too; that means
	 that people can use force-mode-line-update to request
	 that the menu bar be recomputed.  The adverse effect on
	 the rest of the redisplay algorithm is about the same as
	 windows_or_buffers_changed anyway.  */
      if (windows_or_buffers_changed
	  || !NILP (w->update_mode_line)
	  || ((BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer))
	       < BUF_MODIFF (XBUFFER (w->buffer)))
	      != !NILP (w->last_had_star))
	  || ((!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode)
	       && !NILP (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->mark_active))
	      != !NILP (w->region_showing)))
	{
	  struct buffer *prev = current_buffer;
	  int count = specpdl_ptr - specpdl;

	  set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->buffer));
	  if (save_match_data)
	    record_unwind_protect (Fstore_match_data, Fmatch_data (Qnil, Qnil));
	  if (NILP (Voverriding_local_map_menu_flag))
	    {
	      specbind (Qoverriding_terminal_local_map, Qnil);
	      specbind (Qoverriding_local_map, Qnil);
	    }

	  /* Run the Lucid hook.  */
	  call1 (Vrun_hooks, Qactivate_menubar_hook);
	  /* If it has changed current-menubar from previous value,
	     really recompute the menubar from the value.  */
	  if (! NILP (Vlucid_menu_bar_dirty_flag))
	    call0 (Qrecompute_lucid_menubar);
	  safe_run_hooks (Qmenu_bar_update_hook);
	  FRAME_MENU_BAR_ITEMS (f) = menu_bar_items (FRAME_MENU_BAR_ITEMS (f));
	  /* Redisplay the menu bar in case we changed it.  */
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI)
	  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
	    set_frame_menubar (f, 0, 0);
	  else
	    /* On a terminal screen, the menu bar is an ordinary screen
	     line, and this makes it get updated.  */
	    w->update_mode_line = Qt;
#else /* ! (USE_X_TOOLKIT || HAVE_NTGUI) */
	  /* In the non-toolkit version, the menu bar is an ordinary screen
	     line, and this makes it get updated.  */
	  w->update_mode_line = Qt;
#endif /* ! (USE_X_TOOLKIT || HAVE_NTGUI) */

	  unbind_to (count, Qnil);
	  set_buffer_internal_1 (prev);
	}
    }
}

int do_id = 1;

/* Redisplay WINDOW and its subwindows and siblings.  */

static void
redisplay_windows (window, preserve_echo_area)
     Lisp_Object window;
     int preserve_echo_area;
{
  for (; !NILP (window); window = XWINDOW (window)->next)
    redisplay_window (window, 0, preserve_echo_area);
}

/* Return value in display table DP (Lisp_Char_Table *) for character
   C.  Since a display table doesn't have any parent, we don't have to
   follow parent.  Do not call this function directly but use the
   macro DISP_CHAR_VECTOR.  */
Lisp_Object
disp_char_vector (dp, c)
     struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp;
     int c;
{
  int code[4], i;
  Lisp_Object val;

  if (SINGLE_BYTE_CHAR_P (c)) return (dp->contents[c]);
  
  SPLIT_NON_ASCII_CHAR (c, code[0], code[1], code[2]);
  if (code[0] != CHARSET_COMPOSITION)
    {
      if (code[1] < 32) code[1] = -1;
      else if (code[2] < 32) code[2] = -1;
    }
  /* Here, the possible range of CODE[0] (== charset ID) is
     128..MAX_CHARSET.  Since the top level char table contains data
     for multibyte characters after 256th element, we must increment
     CODE[0] by 128 to get a correct index.  */
  code[0] += 128;
  code[3] = -1;		/* anchor */

  for (i = 0; code[i] >= 0; i++, dp = XCHAR_TABLE (val))
    {
      val = dp->contents[code[i]];
      if (!SUB_CHAR_TABLE_P (val))
	return (NILP (val) ? dp->defalt : val);
    }
  /* Here, VAL is a sub char table.  We return the default value of it.  */
  return (dp->defalt);
}

/* Redisplay window WINDOW and its subwindows.  */

static void
redisplay_window (window, just_this_one, preserve_echo_area)
     Lisp_Object window;
     int just_this_one, preserve_echo_area;
{
  register struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  int height;
  register int lpoint = PT;
  struct buffer *old = current_buffer;
  register int width = window_internal_width (w) - 1;
  register int startp;
  register int hscroll = XINT (w->hscroll);
  struct position pos;
  int opoint = PT;
  int tem;
  int update_mode_line;
  struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp = window_display_table (w);

  if (FRAME_HEIGHT (f) == 0) abort (); /* Some bug zeros some core */

  /* If this is a combination window, do its children; that's all.  */

  if (!NILP (w->vchild))
    {
      redisplay_windows (w->vchild, preserve_echo_area);
      return;
    }
  if (!NILP (w->hchild))
    {
      redisplay_windows (w->hchild, preserve_echo_area);
      return;
    }
  if (NILP (w->buffer))
    abort ();
  
  height = window_internal_height (w);
  update_mode_line = (!NILP (w->update_mode_line) || update_mode_lines);
  if (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->clip_changed)
    update_mode_line = 1;

  if (MINI_WINDOW_P (w))
    {
      if (w == XWINDOW (echo_area_window) && echo_area_glyphs)
	/* We've already displayed the echo area glyphs in this window.  */
	goto finish_scroll_bars;
      else if (w != XWINDOW (minibuf_window))
	{
	  /* This is a minibuffer, but it's not the currently active one,
	     so clear it.  */
	  int vpos = XFASTINT (w->top);
	  int i;

	  for (i = 0; i < height; i++)
	    {
	      get_display_line (f, vpos + i, 0);
	      display_string (w, vpos + i, "", 0, 
			      FRAME_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH (f),
			      0, 1, 0, width);
	    }
	  
	  goto finish_scroll_bars;
	}
    }

  /* Otherwise set up data on this window; select its buffer and point value */

  if (update_mode_line)
    set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->buffer));
  else
    set_buffer_temp (XBUFFER (w->buffer));

  opoint = PT;

  /* If %c is in mode line, update it if needed.  */
  if (!NILP (w->column_number_displayed)
      /* This alternative quickly identifies a common case
	 where no change is needed.  */
      && !(PT == XFASTINT (w->last_point)
	   && XFASTINT (w->last_modified) >= MODIFF
	   && XFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified) >= OVERLAY_MODIFF)
      && XFASTINT (w->column_number_displayed) != current_column ())
    update_mode_line = 1; 

  /* Count number of windows showing the selected buffer.
     An indirect buffer counts as its base buffer.  */

  if (!just_this_one)
    {
      struct buffer *current_base, *window_base;
      current_base = current_buffer;
      window_base = XBUFFER (XWINDOW (selected_window)->buffer);
      if (current_base->base_buffer)
	current_base = current_base->base_buffer;
      if (window_base->base_buffer)
	window_base = window_base->base_buffer;
      if (current_base == window_base)
	buffer_shared++;
    }

  /* POINT refers normally to the selected window.
     For any other window, set up appropriate value.  */

  if (!EQ (window, selected_window))
    {
      int new_pt = marker_position (w->pointm);
      if (new_pt < BEGV)
	{
	  new_pt = BEGV;
	  Fset_marker (w->pointm, make_number (new_pt), Qnil);
	}
      else if (new_pt > (ZV - 1))
	{
	  new_pt = ZV;
	  Fset_marker (w->pointm, make_number (new_pt), Qnil);
	}
      /* We don't use SET_PT so that the point-motion hooks don't run.  */
      BUF_PT (current_buffer) = new_pt;
    }

  /* If any of the character widths specified in the display table
     have changed, invalidate the width run cache.  It's true that this
     may be a bit late to catch such changes, but the rest of
     redisplay goes (non-fatally) haywire when the display table is
     changed, so why should we worry about doing any better?  */
  if (current_buffer->width_run_cache)
    {
      struct Lisp_Char_Table *disptab = buffer_display_table ();

      if (! disptab_matches_widthtab (disptab,
                                      XVECTOR (current_buffer->width_table)))
        {
          invalidate_region_cache (current_buffer,
                                   current_buffer->width_run_cache,
                                   BEG, Z);
          recompute_width_table (current_buffer, disptab);
        }
    }

  /* If window-start is screwed up, choose a new one.  */
  if (XMARKER (w->start)->buffer != current_buffer)
    goto recenter;

  startp = marker_position (w->start);

  /* If someone specified a new starting point but did not insist,
     check whether it can be used.  */
  if (!NILP (w->optional_new_start))
    {
      w->optional_new_start = Qnil;
      /* Check whether this start pos is usable given where point is.  */

      pos = *compute_motion (startp, 0,
			     (((EQ (window, minibuf_window)
				&& startp == BEG)
			       ? minibuf_prompt_width : 0)
			      + (hscroll ? 1 - hscroll : 0)),
			     0,
			     PT, height, 
			     /* BUG FIX: See the comment of
                                Fpos_visible_in_window_p (window.c).  */
			     - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
			     width, hscroll, pos_tab_offset (w, startp), w);
      /* If PT does fit on the screen, we will use this start pos,
	 so do so by setting force_start.  */
      if (pos.bufpos == PT)
	w->force_start = Qt;
    }

  /* Handle case where place to start displaying has been specified,
     unless the specified location is outside the accessible range.  */
  if (!NILP (w->force_start))
    {
      w->force_start = Qnil;
      /* Forget any recorded base line for line number display.  */
      w->base_line_number = Qnil;
      /* Redisplay the mode line.  Select the buffer properly for that.
	 Also, run the hook window-scroll-functions
	 because we have scrolled.  */
      /* Note, we do this after clearing force_start because
	 if there's an error, it is better to forget about force_start
	 than to get into an infinite loop calling the hook functions
	 and having them get more errors.  */
      if (!update_mode_line
	  || ! NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
	{
	  Lisp_Object temp[3];

	  set_buffer_temp (old);
	  set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->buffer));
	  update_mode_line = 1;
	  w->update_mode_line = Qt;
	  if (! NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
	    {
	      run_hook_with_args_2 (Qwindow_scroll_functions, window,
				    make_number (startp));
	      startp = marker_position (w->start);
	    }
	}
      XSETFASTINT (w->last_modified, 0);
      XSETFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified, 0);
      if (startp < BEGV) startp = BEGV;
      if (startp > ZV)   startp = ZV;
      try_window (window, startp);
      if (cursor_vpos < 0)
	{
	  /* If point does not appear, move point so it does appear */
	  pos = *compute_motion (startp, 0,
				 (((EQ (window, minibuf_window)
				    && startp == BEG)
				   ? minibuf_prompt_width : 0)
				  + (hscroll ? 1 - hscroll : 0)),
				 0,
				 ZV, height / 2,
				 - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
				 width, hscroll, pos_tab_offset (w, startp), w);
	  BUF_PT (current_buffer) = pos.bufpos;
	  if (w != XWINDOW (selected_window))
	    Fset_marker (w->pointm, make_number (PT), Qnil);
	  else
	    {
	      if (current_buffer == old)
		lpoint = PT;
	      FRAME_CURSOR_X (f) = (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w)
				    + minmax (0, pos.hpos, width));
	      FRAME_CURSOR_Y (f) = pos.vpos + XFASTINT (w->top);
	    }
	  /* If we are highlighting the region,
	     then we just changed the region, so redisplay to show it.  */
	  if (!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode)
	      && !NILP (current_buffer->mark_active))
	    {
	      cancel_my_columns (XWINDOW (window));
	      try_window (window, startp);
	    }
	}
      goto done;
    }

  /* Handle case where text has not changed, only point,
     and it has not moved off the frame.  */

  /* This code is not used for minibuffer for the sake of
     the case of redisplaying to replace an echo area message;
     since in that case the minibuffer contents per se are usually unchanged.
     This code is of no real use in the minibuffer since
     the handling of this_line_bufpos, etc.,
     in redisplay handles the same cases.  */

  if (XFASTINT (w->last_modified) >= MODIFF
      && XFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified) >= OVERLAY_MODIFF
      && PT >= startp && !current_buffer->clip_changed
      && (just_this_one || WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
      /* If force-mode-line-update was called, really redisplay;
	 that's how redisplay is forced after e.g. changing
	 buffer-invisibility-spec.  */
      && NILP (w->update_mode_line)
      /* Can't use this case if highlighting a region.  */
      && !(!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode) && !NILP (current_buffer->mark_active))
      && NILP (w->region_showing)
      /* If end pos is out of date, scroll bar and percentage will be wrong */
      && INTEGERP (w->window_end_vpos)
      && XFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos) < XFASTINT (w->height)
      && !EQ (window, minibuf_window))
    {
      int this_scroll_margin = scroll_margin;

      pos = *compute_motion (startp, 0, (hscroll ? 1 - hscroll : 0), 0,
			     PT, height,
			     /* BUG FIX: See the comment of
                                Fpos_visible_in_window_p (window.c).  */
			     - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
			     width, hscroll,
			     pos_tab_offset (w, startp), w);

      /* Don't use a scroll margin that is negative or too large.  */
      if (this_scroll_margin < 0)
	this_scroll_margin = 0;

      if (XINT (w->height) < 4 * scroll_margin)
	this_scroll_margin = XINT (w->height) / 4;

      /* If point fits on the screen, and not within the scroll margin,
	 we are ok.  */
      if (pos.vpos < height - this_scroll_margin
	  && (pos.vpos >= this_scroll_margin || startp == BEGV))
	{
	  /* Ok, point is still on frame */
	  if (w == XWINDOW (FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f)))
	    {
	      /* These variables are supposed to be origin 1 */
	      FRAME_CURSOR_X (f) = (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w)
				    + minmax (0, pos.hpos, width));
	      FRAME_CURSOR_Y (f) = pos.vpos + XFASTINT (w->top);
	    }
	  /* This doesn't do the trick, because if a window to the right of
	     this one must be redisplayed, this does nothing because there
	     is nothing in DesiredFrame yet, and then the other window is
	     redisplayed, making likes that are empty in this window's columns.
	     if (WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
	     preserve_my_columns (w);
	     */
	  goto done;
	}
      /* Don't bother trying redisplay with same start;
	we already know it will lose */
    }
  /* If current starting point was originally the beginning of a line
     but no longer is, find a new starting point.  */
  else if (!NILP (w->start_at_line_beg)
	   && !(startp <= BEGV
		|| FETCH_BYTE (startp - 1) == '\n'))
    {
      goto recenter;
    }
  else if (just_this_one && !MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
	   && PT >= startp
	   && XFASTINT (w->last_modified)
	   /* or else vmotion on first line won't work.  */
	   && ! NILP (w->start_at_line_beg)
	   && ! EQ (w->window_end_valid, Qnil)
	   && do_id && !current_buffer->clip_changed
	   && !blank_end_of_window
	   && WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w)
	   /* Can't use this case if highlighting a region.  */
	   && !(!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode)
		&& !NILP (current_buffer->mark_active))
	   /* Don't use try_window_id if newline
	      doesn't display as the end of a line.  */
	   && !(dp != 0 && VECTORP (DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, '\n')))
	   && NILP (w->region_showing)
	   && EQ (last_arrow_position, Voverlay_arrow_position)
	   && EQ (last_arrow_string, Voverlay_arrow_string)
	   && (tem = try_window_id (FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f)))
	   && tem != -2)
    {
      /* tem > 0 means success.  tem == -1 means choose new start.
	 tem == -2 means try again with same start,
	  and nothing but whitespace follows the changed stuff.
	 tem == 0 means try again with same start.  */
      if (tem > 0)
	goto done;
    }
  else if (startp >= BEGV && startp <= ZV
	   && (startp < ZV
	       /* Avoid starting at end of buffer.  */
#if 0 /* This change causes trouble for M-! finger & RET.
	 It will have to be considered later.  */
	       || ! EQ (window, selected_window)
	       /* Don't do the recentering if redisplay
		  is not for no user action.  */
	       || preserve_echo_area
#endif
	       || startp == BEGV
	       || (XFASTINT (w->last_modified) >= MODIFF
		   && XFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified) >= OVERLAY_MODIFF)))
    {
      /* Try to redisplay starting at same place as before */
      /* If point has not moved off frame, accept the results */
      try_window (window, startp);
      if (cursor_vpos >= 0)
	{
	  if (!just_this_one || current_buffer->clip_changed
	      || beg_unchanged < startp)
	    /* Forget any recorded base line for line number display.  */
	    w->base_line_number = Qnil;
	  goto done;
	}
      else
	cancel_my_columns (w);
    }

  XSETFASTINT (w->last_modified, 0);
  XSETFASTINT (w->last_overlay_modified, 0);
  /* Redisplay the mode line.  Select the buffer properly for that.  */
  if (!update_mode_line)
    {
      set_buffer_temp (old);
      set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->buffer));
      update_mode_line = 1;
      w->update_mode_line = Qt;
    }

  /* Try to scroll by specified few lines */

  if (scroll_conservatively && !current_buffer->clip_changed
      && startp >= BEGV && startp <= ZV)
    {
      int this_scroll_margin = scroll_margin;

      /* Don't use a scroll margin that is negative or too large.  */
      if (this_scroll_margin < 0)
	this_scroll_margin = 0;

      if (XINT (w->height) < 4 * scroll_margin)
	this_scroll_margin = XINT (w->height) / 4;

      if (PT >= Z - XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos))
	{
	  struct position pos;
	  pos = *compute_motion (Z - XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos), 0, 0, 0,
				 PT, XFASTINT (w->height), 0,
				 XFASTINT (w->width), XFASTINT (w->hscroll),
				 pos_tab_offset (w, startp), w);
	  if (pos.vpos > scroll_conservatively)
	    goto scroll_fail_1;

	  pos = *vmotion (startp, pos.vpos + 1 + this_scroll_margin, w);

	  if (! NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
	    {
	      Fset_marker (w->start, make_number (pos.bufpos), Qnil);
	      run_hook_with_args_2 (Qwindow_scroll_functions, window,
				    make_number (pos.bufpos));
	      pos.bufpos = marker_position (w->start);
	    }
	  try_window (window, pos.bufpos);
	  if (cursor_vpos >= 0)
	    {
	      if (!just_this_one || current_buffer->clip_changed
		  || beg_unchanged < startp)
		/* Forget any recorded base line for line number display.  */
		w->base_line_number = Qnil;
	      goto done;
	    }
	  else
	    cancel_my_columns (w);
	}
      if (PT < startp)
	{
	  struct position pos;
	  pos = *compute_motion (PT, 0, 0, 0,
				 startp, XFASTINT (w->height), 0,
				 XFASTINT (w->width), XFASTINT (w->hscroll),
				 pos_tab_offset (w, startp), w);
	  if (pos.vpos >= scroll_conservatively)
	    goto scroll_fail_1;

	  pos = *vmotion (startp, - pos.vpos - this_scroll_margin, w);

	  if (! NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
	    {
	      Fset_marker (w->start, make_number (pos.bufpos), Qnil);
	      run_hook_with_args_2 (Qwindow_scroll_functions, window,
				    make_number (pos.bufpos));
	      pos.bufpos = marker_position (w->start);
	    }
	  try_window (window, pos.bufpos);
	  if (cursor_vpos >= 0)
	    {
	      if (!just_this_one || current_buffer->clip_changed
		  || beg_unchanged < startp)
		/* Forget any recorded base line for line number display.  */
		w->base_line_number = Qnil;
	      goto done;
	    }
	  else
	    cancel_my_columns (w);
	}
    scroll_fail_1: ;
    }

  if (scroll_step && !current_buffer->clip_changed
      && startp >= BEGV && startp <= ZV)
    {
      if (PT > startp)
	{
	  pos = *vmotion (Z - XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos), scroll_step, w);
	  if (pos.vpos >= height)
	    goto scroll_fail;
	}

      pos = *vmotion (startp, (PT < startp ? - scroll_step : scroll_step), w);

      if (PT >= pos.bufpos)
	{
	  if (! NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
	    {
	      Fset_marker (w->start, make_number (pos.bufpos), Qnil);
	      run_hook_with_args_2 (Qwindow_scroll_functions, window,
				    make_number (pos.bufpos));
	      pos.bufpos = marker_position (w->start);
	    }
	  try_window (window, pos.bufpos);
	  if (cursor_vpos >= 0)
	    {
	      if (!just_this_one || current_buffer->clip_changed
		  || beg_unchanged < startp)
		/* Forget any recorded base line for line number display.  */
		w->base_line_number = Qnil;
	      goto done;
	    }
	  else
	    cancel_my_columns (w);
	}
    scroll_fail: ;
    }

  /* Finally, just choose place to start which centers point */

recenter:
  /* Forget any previously recorded base line for line number display.  */
  w->base_line_number = Qnil;

  pos = *vmotion (PT, - (height / 2), w);
  /* Set startp here explicitly in case that helps avoid an infinite loop
     in case the window-scroll-functions functions get errors.  */
  Fset_marker (w->start, make_number (pos.bufpos), Qnil);
  if (! NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
    {
      run_hook_with_args_2 (Qwindow_scroll_functions, window,
			    make_number (pos.bufpos));
      pos.bufpos = marker_position (w->start);
    }
  try_window (window, pos.bufpos);

  startp = marker_position (w->start);
  w->start_at_line_beg
    = (startp == BEGV || FETCH_BYTE (startp - 1) == '\n') ? Qt : Qnil;

done:
  if ((update_mode_line
       /* If window not full width, must redo its mode line
	  if the window to its side is being redone */
       || (!just_this_one && !WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
       || INTEGERP (w->base_line_pos)
       || (!NILP (w->column_number_displayed)
	   && XFASTINT (w->column_number_displayed) != current_column ()))
      && height != XFASTINT (w->height))
    display_mode_line (w);
  if (! line_number_displayed
      && ! BUFFERP (w->base_line_pos))
    {
      w->base_line_pos = Qnil;
      w->base_line_number = Qnil;
    }

  /* When we reach a frame's selected window, redo the frame's menu bar.  */
  if (update_mode_line
      && (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
	  ?
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI)
	  FRAME_EXTERNAL_MENU_BAR (f) 
#else
	  FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0
#endif
	  : FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0)
      && EQ (FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f), window))
    display_menu_bar (w);

 finish_scroll_bars:
  if (FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS (f))
    {
      int start, end, whole;

      /* Calculate the start and end positions for the current window.
	 At some point, it would be nice to choose between scrollbars
	 which reflect the whole buffer size, with special markers
	 indicating narrowing, and scrollbars which reflect only the
	 visible region.

	 Note that minibuffers sometimes aren't displaying any text.  */
      if (! MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
	  || (w == XWINDOW (minibuf_window) && ! echo_area_glyphs))
	{
	  whole = ZV - BEGV;
	  start = marker_position (w->start) - BEGV;
	  /* I don't think this is guaranteed to be right.  For the
	     moment, we'll pretend it is.  */
	  end = (Z - XINT (w->window_end_pos)) - BEGV;

	  if (end < start) end = start;
	  if (whole < (end - start)) whole = end - start;
	}
      else
	start = end = whole = 0;

      /* Indicate what this scroll bar ought to be displaying now.  */
      (*set_vertical_scroll_bar_hook) (w, end - start, whole, start);

      /* Note that we actually used the scroll bar attached to this window,
	 so it shouldn't be deleted at the end of redisplay.  */
      (*redeem_scroll_bar_hook) (w);
    }

  BUF_PT (current_buffer) = opoint;
  if (update_mode_line)
    set_buffer_internal_1 (old);
  else
    set_buffer_temp (old);
  BUF_PT (current_buffer) = lpoint;
}

/* Do full redisplay on one window, starting at position `pos'. */

static void
try_window (window, pos)
     Lisp_Object window;
     register int pos;
{
  register struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  register int height = window_internal_height (w);
  register int vpos = XFASTINT (w->top);
  register int last_text_vpos = vpos;
  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int width = window_internal_width (w) - 1;
  struct position val;

  /* POS should never be out of range!  */
  if (pos < XBUFFER (w->buffer)->begv
      || pos > XBUFFER (w->buffer)->zv)
    abort ();

  Fset_marker (w->start, make_number (pos), Qnil);
  cursor_vpos = -1;
  overlay_arrow_seen = 0;
  zv_strings_seen = 0;
  val.hpos = XINT (w->hscroll) ? 1 - XINT (w->hscroll) : 0;
  val.ovstring_chars_done = 0;
  val.tab_offset = pos_tab_offset (w, pos);

  while (--height >= 0)
    {
      val = *display_text_line (w, pos, vpos, val.hpos, val.tab_offset,
				val.ovstring_chars_done);
      /* The following code is omitted because we maintain tab_offset
         in VAL.  */
#if 0
      tab_offset += width;
      if (val.vpos) tab_offset = 0;
#endif  /* 0 */
      vpos++;
      if (pos != val.bufpos)
	{
	  int invis = 0;
#ifdef USE_TEXT_PROPERTIES
	  Lisp_Object invis_prop;
	  invis_prop = Fget_char_property (val.bufpos-1, Qinvisible, window);
	  invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (invis_prop);
#endif

	  last_text_vpos
	    /* Next line, unless prev line ended in end of buffer with no cr */
	    = vpos - (val.vpos
		      && (FETCH_BYTE (val.bufpos - 1) != '\n' || invis));
	}
      pos = val.bufpos;
    }

  /* If last line is continued in middle of character,
     include the split character in the text considered on the frame */
  if (val.hpos < (XINT (w->hscroll) ? 1 - XINT (w->hscroll) : 0))
    pos++;

  /* If bottom just moved off end of frame, change mode line percentage.  */
  if (XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos) == 0
      && Z != pos)
    w->update_mode_line = Qt;

  /* Say where last char on frame will be, once redisplay is finished.  */
  XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_pos, Z - pos);
  XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos, last_text_vpos - XFASTINT (w->top));
  /* But that is not valid info until redisplay finishes.  */
  w->window_end_valid = Qnil;
}

/* Try to redisplay when buffer is modified locally,
 computing insert/delete line to preserve text outside
 the bounds of the changes.
 Return 1 if successful, 0 if if cannot tell what to do,
 or -1 to tell caller to find a new window start,
 or -2 to tell caller to do normal redisplay with same window start.  */

static int
try_window_id (window)
     Lisp_Object window;
{
  int pos;
  register struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  register int height = window_internal_height (w);
  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int top = XFASTINT (w->top);
  int start = marker_position (w->start);
  int width = window_internal_width (w) - 1;
  int hscroll = XINT (w->hscroll);
  int lmargin = hscroll > 0 ? 1 - hscroll : 0;
  int did_motion;
  register int vpos;
  register int i, tem;
  int last_text_vpos = 0;
  int stop_vpos;
  int selective = (INTEGERP (current_buffer->selective_display)
		   ? XINT (current_buffer->selective_display)
		   : !NILP (current_buffer->selective_display) ? -1 : 0);

  struct position val, bp, ep, xp, pp;
  int scroll_amount = 0;
  int delta;
  int epto, old_tick;

  if (GPT - BEG < beg_unchanged)
    beg_unchanged = GPT - BEG;
  if (Z - GPT < end_unchanged)
    end_unchanged = Z - GPT;

  if (beg_unchanged + BEG < start)
    return 0;			/* Give up if changes go above top of window */

  /* Find position before which nothing is changed.  */
  bp = *compute_motion (start, 0, lmargin, 0,
			min (ZV, beg_unchanged + BEG), height,
			/* BUG FIX: See the comment of
                           Fpos_visible_in_window_p() (window.c).  */
			- (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
			width, hscroll, pos_tab_offset (w, start), w);
  if (bp.vpos >= height)
    {
      if (PT < bp.bufpos)
	{
	  /* All changes are beyond the window end, and point is on the screen.
	     We don't need to change the text at all.
	     But we need to update window_end_pos to account for
	     any change in buffer size.  */
	  bp = *compute_motion (start, 0, lmargin, 0,
				ZV, height,
				/* BUG FIX: See the comment of
                                   Fpos_visible_in_window_p() (window.c).  */
				- (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
				width, hscroll, pos_tab_offset (w, start), w);
	  XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos, height);
	  XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_pos, Z - bp.bufpos);
	  goto findpoint;
	}
      return 0;
    }

  vpos = bp.vpos;

  /* Find beginning of that frame line.  Must display from there.  */
  bp = *vmotion (bp.bufpos, 0, w);

  pos = bp.bufpos;
  val.hpos = lmargin;
  if (pos < start)
    return -1;

  did_motion = 0;
  /* If about to start displaying at the beginning of a continuation line,
     really start with previous frame line, in case it was not
     continued when last redisplayed */
  if ((bp.contin && bp.bufpos - 1 == beg_unchanged && vpos > 0)
      ||
      /* Likewise if we have to worry about selective display.  */
      (selective > 0 && bp.bufpos - 1 == beg_unchanged && vpos > 0))
    {
      bp = *vmotion (bp.bufpos, -1, w);
      --vpos;
      pos = bp.bufpos;
    }
  val.tab_offset = bp.tab_offset; /* Update tab offset.  */

  if (bp.contin && bp.hpos != lmargin)
    {
      val.hpos = bp.prevhpos - width + lmargin;
      val.tab_offset = bp.tab_offset + bp.prevhpos - width;
      did_motion = 1;
      DEC_POS (pos);
    }

  bp.vpos = vpos;

  /* Find first visible newline after which no more is changed.  */
  tem = find_next_newline (Z - max (end_unchanged, Z - ZV), 1);
  if (selective > 0)
    while (tem < ZV - 1 && (indented_beyond_p (tem, selective)))
      tem = find_next_newline (tem, 1);

  /* Compute the cursor position after that newline.  */
  ep = *compute_motion (pos, vpos, val.hpos, did_motion, tem,
			height, - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
			width, hscroll,
			/* We have tab offset in VAL, use it.  */
			val.tab_offset, w); 

  /* If changes reach past the text available on the frame,
     just display rest of frame.  */
  if (ep.bufpos > Z - XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos))
    stop_vpos = height;
  else
    stop_vpos = ep.vpos;

  /* If no newline before ep, the line ep is on includes some changes
     that must be displayed.  Make sure we don't stop before it.  */
  /* Also, if changes reach all the way until ep.bufpos,
     it is possible that something was deleted after the
     newline before it, so the following line must be redrawn. */
  if (stop_vpos == ep.vpos
      && (ep.bufpos == BEGV
	  || FETCH_BYTE (ep.bufpos - 1) != '\n'
	  || ep.bufpos == Z - end_unchanged))
    stop_vpos = ep.vpos + 1;

  cursor_vpos = -1;
  overlay_arrow_seen = 0;
  zv_strings_seen = 0;

  /* If changes do not reach to bottom of window,
     figure out how much to scroll the rest of the window */
  if (stop_vpos < height)
    {
      /* Now determine how far up or down the rest of the window has moved */
      xp = *compute_motion (ep.bufpos, ep.vpos, ep.hpos, 1,
			    Z - XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos),
			    /* Don't care for VPOS... */
			    1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1),
			    /* ... nor HPOS.  */
			    1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1),
			    width, hscroll, ep.tab_offset, w);
      scroll_amount = xp.vpos - XFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos);

      /* Is everything on frame below the changes whitespace?
	 If so, no scrolling is really necessary.  */
      for (i = ep.bufpos; i < xp.bufpos; i++)
	{
	  tem = FETCH_BYTE (i);
	  if (tem != ' ' && tem != '\n' && tem != '\t')
	    break;
	}
      if (i == xp.bufpos)
	return -2;

      XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos,
		   XFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos) + scroll_amount);

      /* Before doing any scrolling, verify that point will be on frame. */
      if (PT > ep.bufpos && !(PT <= xp.bufpos && xp.vpos < height))
	{
	  if (PT <= xp.bufpos)
	    {
	      pp = *compute_motion (ep.bufpos, ep.vpos, ep.hpos, 1,
				    PT, height, - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
				    width, hscroll,
				    /* We have tab offset in EP, use it.  */
				    ep.tab_offset, w);
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      pp = *compute_motion (xp.bufpos, xp.vpos, xp.hpos, 1,
				    PT, height, - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
				    width, hscroll,
				    /* We have tab offset in XP, use it. */
				    xp.tab_offset, w);
	    }
	  if (pp.bufpos < PT || pp.vpos == height)
	    return 0;
	  cursor_vpos = pp.vpos + top;
	  cursor_hpos = WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w) + minmax (0, pp.hpos, width);
	}

      if (stop_vpos - scroll_amount >= height
	  || ep.bufpos == xp.bufpos)
	{
	  if (scroll_amount < 0)
	    stop_vpos -= scroll_amount;
	  scroll_amount = 0;
	  /* In this path, we have altered window_end_vpos
	     and not left it negative.
	     We must make sure that, in case display is preempted
	     before the frame changes to reflect what we do here,
	     further updates will not come to try_window_id
	     and assume the frame and window_end_vpos match.  */
	  blank_end_of_window = 1;
	}
      else if (!scroll_amount)
	{
	  /* Even if we don't need to scroll, we must adjust the
	     charstarts of subsequent lines (that we won't redisplay)
	     according to the amount of text inserted or deleted.  */
	  int oldpos = FRAME_CURRENT_GLYPHS (f)->charstarts[ep.vpos + top][0];
	  int adjust = ep.bufpos - oldpos;
	  adjust_window_charstarts (w, ep.vpos + top - 1, adjust);
	}
      else if (bp.bufpos == Z - end_unchanged)
	{
	  /* If reprinting everything is nearly as fast as scrolling,
	     don't bother scrolling.  Can happen if lines are short.  */
	  if (scroll_cost (f, bp.vpos + top - scroll_amount,
			   top + height - max (0, scroll_amount),
			   scroll_amount)
	      > xp.bufpos - bp.bufpos - 20)
	    /* Return "try normal display with same window-start."
	       Too bad we can't prevent further scroll-thinking.  */
	    return -2;
	  /* If pure deletion, scroll up as many lines as possible.
	     In common case of killing a line, this can save the
	     following line from being overwritten by scrolling
	     and therefore having to be redrawn.  */
	  tem = scroll_frame_lines (f, bp.vpos + top - scroll_amount,
				    top + height - max (0, scroll_amount),
				    scroll_amount, bp.bufpos);
	  if (!tem)
	    stop_vpos = height;
	  else
	    {
	      /* scroll_frame_lines did not properly adjust subsequent
		 lines' charstarts in the case where the text of the
		 screen line at bp.vpos has changed.
		 (This can happen in a deletion that ends in mid-line.)
		 To adjust properly, we need to make things consistent
		 at the position ep.
		 So do a second adjust to make that happen.
		 Note that stop_vpos >= ep.vpos, so it is sufficient
		 to update the charstarts for lines at ep.vpos and below.  */
	      int oldstart
		= FRAME_CURRENT_GLYPHS (f)->charstarts[ep.vpos + top][0];
	      adjust_window_charstarts (w, ep.vpos + top - 1,
					ep.bufpos - oldstart);
	    }
	}
      else if (scroll_amount)
	{
	  /* If reprinting everything is nearly as fast as scrolling,
	     don't bother scrolling.  Can happen if lines are short.  */
	  /* Note that if scroll_amount > 0, xp.bufpos - bp.bufpos is an
	     overestimate of cost of reprinting, since xp.bufpos
	     would end up below the bottom of the window.  */
	  if (scroll_cost (f, ep.vpos + top - scroll_amount,
			   top + height - max (0, scroll_amount),
			   scroll_amount)
	      > xp.bufpos - ep.bufpos - 20)
	    /* Return "try normal display with same window-start."
	       Too bad we can't prevent further scroll-thinking.  */
	    return -2;
	  tem = scroll_frame_lines (f, ep.vpos + top - scroll_amount,
				     top + height - max (0, scroll_amount),
				     scroll_amount, ep.bufpos);
	  if (!tem) stop_vpos = height;
	}
    }

  /* In any case, do not display past bottom of window */
  if (stop_vpos >= height)
    {
      stop_vpos = height;
      scroll_amount = 0;
    }

  /* Handle case where pos is before w->start --
     can happen if part of line had been clipped and is not clipped now */
  if (vpos == 0 && pos < marker_position (w->start))
    Fset_marker (w->start, make_number (pos), Qnil);

  /* Redisplay the lines where the text was changed */
  last_text_vpos = vpos;
  /* The following code is omitted because we maintain tab offset in
     val.tab_offset.  */
#if 0
  tab_offset = pos_tab_offset (w, pos);
  /* If we are starting display in mid-character, correct tab_offset
     to account for passing the line that that character really starts in.  */
  if (val.hpos < lmargin)
    tab_offset += width;
#endif /* 0 */
  old_tick = MODIFF;
  while (vpos < stop_vpos)
    {
      val = *display_text_line (w, pos, top + vpos++, val.hpos, val.tab_offset,
				val.ovstring_chars_done);
      /* If display_text_line ran a hook and changed some text,
	 redisplay all the way to bottom of buffer
	 So that we show the changes.  */
      if (old_tick != MODIFF)
	stop_vpos = height;
      /* The following code is omitted because we maintain tab offset
	 in val.tab_offset.  */
#if 0
      tab_offset += width;
      if (val.vpos) tab_offset = 0;
#endif
      if (pos != val.bufpos)
	last_text_vpos
	  /* Next line, unless prev line ended in end of buffer with no cr */
	    = vpos - (val.vpos && FETCH_BYTE (val.bufpos - 1) != '\n');
      pos = val.bufpos;
    }

  /* There are two cases:
     1) we have displayed down to the bottom of the window
     2) we have scrolled lines below stop_vpos by scroll_amount  */

  if (vpos == height)
    {
      /* If last line is continued in middle of character,
	 include the split character in the text considered on the frame */
      if (val.hpos < lmargin)
	val.bufpos++;
      XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos, last_text_vpos);
      XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_pos, Z - val.bufpos);
    }

  /* If scrolling made blank lines at window bottom,
     redisplay to fill those lines */
  if (scroll_amount < 0)
    {
      /* Don't consider these lines for general-purpose scrolling.
	 That will save time in the scrolling computation.  */
      FRAME_SCROLL_BOTTOM_VPOS (f) = xp.vpos;
      vpos = xp.vpos;
      pos = xp.bufpos;
      val.hpos = xp.hpos;
      val.tab_offset = xp.tab_offset;
      if (pos == ZV)
	{ /* Display from next line */
	  vpos = height + scroll_amount;
	  val.hpos = lmargin;
	  val.tab_offset = 0;
	}
      else if (xp.contin && xp.hpos != lmargin)
	{
	  val.hpos = xp.prevhpos - width + lmargin;
	  val.tab_offset = xp.tab_offset + bp.prevhpos - width;
	  DEC_POS (pos);
	}

      blank_end_of_window = 1;
      /* The following code is omitted because we maintain tab offset
	 in val.tab_offset.  */
#if 0
      tab_offset = pos_tab_offset (w, pos);
      /* If we are starting display in mid-character, correct tab_offset
	 to account for passing the line that that character starts in.  */
      if (val.hpos < lmargin)
	tab_offset += width;
#endif
      while (vpos < height)
	{
	  val = *display_text_line (w, pos, top + vpos++, val.hpos,
				    val.tab_offset, val.ovstring_chars_done);
	  /* The following code is omitted because we maintain tab
	     offset in val.tab_offset.  */
#if 0
	  tab_offset += width;
	  if (val.vpos) tab_offset = 0;
#endif /* 0 */
	  pos = val.bufpos;
	}

      /* Here is a case where display_text_line sets cursor_vpos wrong.
	 Make it be fixed up, below.  */
      if (xp.bufpos == ZV
	  && xp.bufpos == PT)
	cursor_vpos = -1;
    }

  /* If bottom just moved off end of frame, change mode line percentage.  */
  if (XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos) == 0
      && Z != val.bufpos)
    w->update_mode_line = Qt;

  /* Attempt to adjust end-of-text positions to new bottom line */
  if (scroll_amount)
    {
      delta = height - xp.vpos;
      if (delta < 0
	  || (delta > 0 && xp.bufpos <= ZV)
	  || (delta == 0 && xp.hpos))
	{
	  val = *vmotion (Z - XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos), delta, w);
	  XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_pos, Z - val.bufpos);
	  XSETFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos,
		       XFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos) + val.vpos);
	}
    }

  w->window_end_valid = Qnil;

  /* If point was not in a line that was displayed, find it */
  if (cursor_vpos < 0)
    {
    findpoint:
      val = *compute_motion (start, 0, lmargin, 0, PT, 
			     /* Don't care for VPOS...  */
			     1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1),
			     /* ... nor HPOS.  */
			     1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1),
			     width, hscroll, pos_tab_offset (w, start), w);
      /* Admit failure if point is off frame now */
      if (val.vpos >= height)
	{
	  for (vpos = 0; vpos < height; vpos++)
	    cancel_line (vpos + top, f);
	  return 0;
	}
      cursor_vpos = val.vpos + top;
      cursor_hpos = WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w) + minmax (0, val.hpos, width);
    }

  FRAME_CURSOR_X (f) = cursor_hpos;
  FRAME_CURSOR_Y (f) = cursor_vpos;

  if (debug_end_pos)
    {
      val = *compute_motion (start, 0, lmargin, 0, ZV,
			     height, - (1 << (BITS_PER_SHORT - 1)),
			     width, hscroll, pos_tab_offset (w, start), w);
      if (val.vpos != XFASTINT (w->window_end_vpos))
	abort ();
      if (XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos)
	  != Z - val.bufpos)
	abort ();
    }

  return 1;
}

/* Copy LEN glyphs starting address FROM to the rope TO.
   But don't actually copy the parts that would come in before S.
   Value is TO, advanced past the copied data.
   F is the frame we are displaying in.  */

static GLYPH *
copy_part_of_rope (f, to, s, from, len, face)
     FRAME_PTR f;
     register GLYPH *to; /* Copy to here. */
     register GLYPH *s; /* Starting point. */
     Lisp_Object *from;  /* Data to copy. */
     int len;
     int face;		/* Face to apply to glyphs which don't specify one. */
{
  int n = len;
  register Lisp_Object *fp = from;
  /* These cache the results of the last call to compute_glyph_face.  */
  int last_code = -1;
  int last_merged = 0;

#ifdef HAVE_FACES
  if (! FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f))
    while (n--)
      {
	GLYPH glyph = (INTEGERP (*fp) ? XFASTINT (*fp) : 0);
	int facecode;
	unsigned int c = FAST_GLYPH_CHAR (glyph);

	if (c > MAX_CHAR)
	  /* For an invalid character code, use space.  */
	  c = ' ';

	if (FAST_GLYPH_FACE (glyph) == 0)
	  /* If GLYPH has no face code, use FACE.  */
	  facecode = face;
	else if (FAST_GLYPH_FACE (glyph) == last_code)
	  /* If it's same as previous glyph, use same result.  */
	  facecode = last_merged;
	else
	  {
	    /* Merge this glyph's face and remember the result.  */
	    last_code = FAST_GLYPH_FACE (glyph);
	    last_merged = facecode = compute_glyph_face (f, last_code, face);
	  }

	if (to >= s)
	  *to = FAST_MAKE_GLYPH (c, facecode);
	++to;
	++fp;
      }
  else
#endif
    while (n--)
      {
	if (to >= s) *to = (INTEGERP (*fp) ? XFASTINT (*fp) : 0);
	++to;
	++fp;
      }
  return to;
}

/* Correct a glyph by replacing its specified user-level face code
   with a displayable computed face code.  */

static GLYPH
fix_glyph (f, glyph, cface)
     FRAME_PTR f;
     GLYPH glyph;
     int cface;
{
#ifdef HAVE_FACES
  if (! FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f))
    {
      if (FAST_GLYPH_FACE (glyph) != 0)
	cface = compute_glyph_face (f, FAST_GLYPH_FACE (glyph), cface);
      glyph = FAST_MAKE_GLYPH (FAST_GLYPH_CHAR (glyph), cface);
    }
#endif
  return glyph;
}

/* Display one line of window W, starting at position START in W's buffer.

   Display starting at horizontal position HPOS, expressed relative to
   W's left edge.  In situations where the text at START shouldn't
   start at the left margin (i.e. when the window is hscrolled, or
   we're continuing a line which left off in the midst of a
   multi-column character), HPOS should be negative; we throw away
   characters up 'til hpos = 0.  So, HPOS must take hscrolling into
   account.

   TABOFFSET is an offset for ostensible hpos, used in tab stop calculations.

   OVSTR_DONE is the number of chars of overlay before/after strings
   at this position which have already been processed.

   Display on position VPOS on the frame.  It is origin 0, relative to
   the top of the frame, not W.

   Returns a STRUCT POSITION giving character to start next line with
   and where to display it, including a zero or negative hpos.
   The vpos field is not really a vpos; it is 1 unless the line is continued */

struct position val_display_text_line;

static struct position *
display_text_line (w, start, vpos, hpos, taboffset, ovstr_done)
     struct window *w;
     int start;
     int vpos;
     int hpos;
     int taboffset;
     int ovstr_done;
{
  register int pos = start;
  register int c;
  register GLYPH *p1;
  register int pause;
  register unsigned char *p;
  GLYPH *endp;
  register GLYPH *leftmargin;
  register GLYPH *p1prev;
  register GLYPH *p1start;
  int prevpos;
  int *charstart;
  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int tab_width = XINT (current_buffer->tab_width);
  int ctl_arrow = !NILP (current_buffer->ctl_arrow);
  int width = window_internal_width (w) - 1;
  struct position val;
  int lastpos;
  int invis;
  int last_invis_skip = 0;
  Lisp_Object last_invis_prop;
  int hscroll = XINT (w->hscroll);
  int truncate = (hscroll
		  || (truncate_partial_width_windows
		      && !WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
		  || !NILP (current_buffer->truncate_lines));

  /* 1 if we should highlight the region.  */
  int highlight_region
    = (!NILP (Vtransient_mark_mode) && !NILP (current_buffer->mark_active)
       && XWINDOW (current_buffer->last_selected_window) == w);
  int region_beg, region_end;

  int selective = (INTEGERP (current_buffer->selective_display)
		   ? XINT (current_buffer->selective_display)
		   : !NILP (current_buffer->selective_display) ? -1 : 0);
  register struct frame_glyphs *desired_glyphs = FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f);
  register struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp = window_display_table (w);

  Lisp_Object default_invis_vector[3];
  /* Number of characters of ellipsis to display after an invisible line
     if it calls for an ellipsis.
     Note that this value can be nonzero regardless of whether
     selective display is enabled--you must check that separately.  */
  int selective_rlen
    = (dp && VECTORP (DISP_INVIS_VECTOR (dp))
       ? XVECTOR (DISP_INVIS_VECTOR (dp))->size
       : !NILP (current_buffer->selective_display_ellipses) ? 3 : 0);
  /* This is the sequence of Lisp objects to display
     when there are invisible lines.  */
  Lisp_Object *invis_vector_contents
    = (dp && VECTORP (DISP_INVIS_VECTOR (dp))
       ? XVECTOR (DISP_INVIS_VECTOR (dp))->contents
       : default_invis_vector);

  GLYPH truncator = (dp == 0 || !INTEGERP (DISP_TRUNC_GLYPH (dp))
		     || !GLYPH_CHAR_VALID_P (XINT (DISP_TRUNC_GLYPH (dp)))
		     ? '$' : XINT (DISP_TRUNC_GLYPH (dp)));
  GLYPH continuer = (dp == 0 || !INTEGERP (DISP_CONTINUE_GLYPH (dp))
		     || !GLYPH_CHAR_VALID_P (XINT (DISP_CONTINUE_GLYPH (dp)))
		     ? '\\' : XINT (DISP_CONTINUE_GLYPH (dp)));

  /* If 1, we must handle multibyte characters.  */
  int multibyte = !NILP (current_buffer->enable_multibyte_characters);
  /* Length of multibyte form of each character.  */
  int len;
  /* Glyphs generated should be set this bit mask if text must be
     displayed from right to left.  */
  GLYPH rev_dir_bit = (NILP (current_buffer->direction_reversed)
		       ? 0 : GLYPH_MASK_REV_DIR);

  /* The next buffer location at which the face should change, due
     to overlays or text property changes.  */
  int next_face_change;

  /* The next location where the `invisible' property changes, or an
     overlay starts or ends.  */
  int next_boundary;

  /* The face we're currently using.  */
  int current_face = 0;
  int i;

  XSETFASTINT (default_invis_vector[2], '.');
  default_invis_vector[0] = default_invis_vector[1] = default_invis_vector[2];

  hpos += WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w);
  get_display_line (f, vpos, WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w));
  if (tab_width <= 0 || tab_width > 1000) tab_width = 8;

  /* Show where to highlight the region.  */
  if (highlight_region && XMARKER (current_buffer->mark)->buffer != 0
      /* Maybe highlight only in selected window.  */
      && (highlight_nonselected_windows
	  || w == XWINDOW (selected_window)))
    {
      region_beg = marker_position (current_buffer->mark);
      if (PT < region_beg)
	{
	  region_end = region_beg;
	  region_beg = PT;
	}
      else
	region_end = PT;
      w->region_showing = Qt;
    }
  else
    region_beg = region_end = -1;

  if (MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
      && start == BEG
      && vpos == XFASTINT (w->top))
    {
      if (! NILP (minibuf_prompt))
	{
	  minibuf_prompt_width
	    = (display_string (w, vpos, XSTRING (minibuf_prompt)->data,
			       XSTRING (minibuf_prompt)->size, hpos,
			       /* Display a space if we truncate.  */
			       ' ',
			       1, -1,
			       /* Truncate the prompt a little before the
				  margin, so user input can at least start
				  on the first line.  */
			       w->width > 10 ? w->width - 4 : -1)
	       - hpos);
	  hpos += minibuf_prompt_width;
	  taboffset -= minibuf_prompt_width;
	}
      else
	minibuf_prompt_width = 0;
    }

  /* If we're hscrolled at all, use compute_motion to skip over any
     text off the left edge of the window.  compute_motion may know
     tricks to do this faster than we can.  */
  if (hpos < 0)
    {
      struct position *left_edge
        = compute_motion (pos, vpos, hpos, 0,
                          ZV, vpos, 0,
                          width, hscroll, taboffset, w);

      /* Retrieve the buffer position and column provided by
         compute_motion.  We can't assume that the column will be
         zero, because you may have multi-column characters crossing
         the left margin.  

         compute_motion may have moved us past the screen position we
         requested, if we hit a multi-column character, or the end of
         the line.  If so, back up.  */
      if (left_edge->vpos > vpos
          || left_edge->hpos > 0)
        {
          pos = left_edge->bufpos;
	  /* Since this should not be a valid multibyte character, we
             can decrease POS by 1.  */
	  pos--;
          hpos = left_edge->prevhpos;
        }
      else
        {
          pos = left_edge->bufpos;
          hpos = left_edge->hpos;
        }
    }

  desired_glyphs->bufp[vpos] = start;
  p1 = desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos] + hpos;
  p1start = p1;
  charstart = desired_glyphs->charstarts[vpos] + hpos;
  /* In case we don't ever write anything into it...  */
  desired_glyphs->charstarts[vpos][WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w)] = -1;
  leftmargin = desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos] + WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w);
  endp = leftmargin + width;

  /* Arrange the overlays nicely for our purposes.  Usually, we call
     display_text_line on only one line at a time, in which case this
     can't really hurt too much, or we call it on lines which appear
     one after another in the buffer, in which case all calls to
     recenter_overlay_lists but the first will be pretty cheap.  */
  recenter_overlay_lists (current_buffer, pos);

  /* Loop generating characters.
     Stop at end of buffer, before newline,
     if reach or pass continuation column,
     or at face change.  */
  pause = pos;
  next_face_change = pos;
  next_boundary = pos;
  p1prev = p1;
  prevpos = pos;
  while (1)
    {
      if (pos >= pause)
	{
	  int e_t_h;

	  while (pos == next_boundary)
	    {
	      Lisp_Object position, limit, prop, ww;

	      /* Display the overlay strings here, unless we're at ZV
		 and have already displayed the appropriate strings
		 on an earlier line.  */
	      if (pos < ZV || !zv_strings_seen++)
		{
		  int ovlen;
		  unsigned char *ovstr;
		  ovlen = overlay_strings (pos, w, &ovstr);

		  if (ovlen > 0)
		    {
		      /* Skip the ones we did in a previous line.  */
		      ovstr += ovstr_done;
		      ovlen -= ovstr_done;

		      while (ovlen > 0)
			{
			  int charset, cols;
			  GLYPH g;

			  if (multibyte)
			    {
			      c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (ovstr, ovlen, len);
			      ovstr += len, ovlen -= len, ovstr_done += len;
			      charset = CHAR_CHARSET (c);
			      cols = (charset == CHARSET_COMPOSITION
				      ? cmpchar_table[COMPOSITE_CHAR_ID (c)]->width
				      : CHARSET_WIDTH (charset));
			    }
			  else
			    {
			      c = *ovstr++, ovlen--, ovstr_done++;
			      cols = 1;
			    }
			  g = MAKE_GLYPH (f, c, current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
			  while (cols-- > 0)
			    {
			      if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 < endp)
				*p1 = g, g |= GLYPH_MASK_PADDING;
			      p1++;
			    }
			}
		      /* If we did all the overlay strings
			 and we have room for text, clear ovstr_done
			 just for neatness' sake.  */
		      if (ovlen == 0 && p1 < endp)
			ovstr_done = 0;
		    }
		}

	      /* Did we reach point?  Record the cursor location.  */
	      if (pos == PT && cursor_vpos < 0)
		{
		  cursor_vpos = vpos;
		  cursor_hpos = p1 - leftmargin;
		}

	      if (pos >= ZV)
		break;

	      XSETFASTINT (position, pos);
	      limit = Fnext_overlay_change (position);
#ifdef USE_TEXT_PROPERTIES
	      /* This is just an estimate to give reasonable
		 performance; nothing should go wrong if it is too small.  */
	      if (XFASTINT (limit) > pos + 50)
		{
		  int limitpos = pos + 50;
		  if (limitpos < Z)
		    INC_POS (limitpos); /* Adjust to character boundary.  */
		  XSETFASTINT (limit, limitpos);
		}
	      limit = Fnext_single_property_change (position, Qinvisible,
						    Fcurrent_buffer (), limit);
#endif
	      next_boundary = XFASTINT (limit);
	      /* if the `invisible' property is set, we can skip to
		 the next property change.  */
	      XSETWINDOW (ww, w);
	      prop = Fget_char_property (position, Qinvisible, ww);
	      if (TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop))
		{
		  if (pos < PT && next_boundary >= PT)
		    {
		      cursor_vpos = vpos;
		      cursor_hpos = p1 - leftmargin;
		    }
		  pos = next_boundary;
		  last_invis_skip = pos;
		  last_invis_prop = prop;
		}
	    }

	  /* Did we reach point?  Record the cursor location.  */
	  if (pos == PT && cursor_vpos < 0)
	    {
	      cursor_vpos = vpos;
	      cursor_hpos = p1 - leftmargin;
	    }

	  /* Did we hit the end of the visible region of the buffer?
	     Stop here.  */
	  if (pos >= ZV)
	    {
	      /* Update charstarts for the end of this line.  */
	      /* Do nothing if off the left edge or at the right edge.  */
	      if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 + 1 != endp)
		{
		  int *p2x = &charstart[(p1 < leftmargin
					 ? leftmargin : p1)
					- p1start];
		  *p2x++ = pos;
		}
	      break;
	    }

	  /* Figure out where (if at all) the
	     redisplay_end_trigger-hook should run.  */
	  if (MARKERP (w->redisplay_end_trigger)
	      && XMARKER (w->redisplay_end_trigger)->buffer != 0)
	    e_t_h = marker_position (w->redisplay_end_trigger);
	  else if (INTEGERP (w->redisplay_end_trigger))
	    e_t_h = XINT (w->redisplay_end_trigger);
	  else
	    e_t_h = ZV;

	  /* If we've gone past the place to run a hook,
	     run the hook.  */
	  if (pos >= e_t_h && e_t_h != ZV)
	    {
	      Lisp_Object args[3];

	      args[0] = Qredisplay_end_trigger_functions;
	      XSETWINDOW (args[1], w);
	      XSETINT (args[2], e_t_h);

	      /* Since we are *trying* to run these functions,
		 don't try to run them again, even if they get an error.  */
	      w->redisplay_end_trigger = Qnil;
	      Frun_hook_with_args (3, args);

	      e_t_h = ZV;
	      /* Notice if it changed the face of this character.  */
	      next_face_change = pos;
	    }

#ifdef HAVE_FACES
	  /* Did we hit a face change?  Figure out what face we should
	     use now.  We also hit this the first time through the
	     loop, to see what face we should start with.  */
	  if (pos >= next_face_change
	      && (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) || FRAME_MSDOS_P (f)))
	    {
	      int limit = pos + 50;

	      if (limit < Z && !CHAR_HEAD_P (POS_ADDR (limit)))
		INC_POS (limit); /* Adjust to character boundary.  */
	      current_face = compute_char_face (f, w, pos,
						region_beg, region_end,
						&next_face_change, limit, 0);
	    }
#endif

	  /* Compute the next place we need to stop
	     and do something special; set PAUSE.  */

	  pause = ZV;

	  if (pos < next_boundary && next_boundary < pause)
	    pause = next_boundary;
	  if (pos < next_face_change && next_face_change < pause)
	    pause = next_face_change;

	  if (e_t_h < pause)
	    pause = e_t_h;

	  /* Wouldn't you hate to read the next line to someone over
             the phone?  */
	  if (pos < PT && PT < pause)
	    pause = PT;
	  if (pos < GPT && GPT < pause)
	    pause = GPT;

	  p = POS_ADDR (pos);
	}

      if (p1 >= endp)
	break;

      p1prev = p1;

      if (multibyte)
	/* PAUSE is surely at character boundary.  */
	c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (p, pause - pos, len), p += len;
      else
	c = *p++, len = 1;
      /* Let a display table override all standard display methods.  */
      if (dp != 0 && VECTORP (DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c)))
	{
	  p1 = copy_part_of_rope (f, p1, leftmargin,
				  XVECTOR (DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c))->contents,
				  XVECTOR (DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c))->size,
				  current_face, rev_dir_bit);
	}
      else if (c >= 040 && c < 0177)
	{
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin)
	    *p1 = MAKE_GLYPH (f, c, current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
	  p1++;
	}
      else if (c == '\n')
	{
	  invis = 0;
	  if (last_invis_skip == pos
	      && TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE_WITH_ELLIPSIS (last_invis_prop))
	    invis = 1;
	  while (pos + 1 < ZV
		 && selective > 0
		 && indented_beyond_p (pos + 1, selective))
	    {
	      invis = 1;
	      pos = find_next_newline (pos + 1, 1);
	      if (FETCH_BYTE (pos - 1) == '\n')
		pos--;
	    }
	  if (invis && selective_rlen > 0 && p1 >= leftmargin)
	    {
	      p1 += selective_rlen;
	      if (p1 - leftmargin > width)
		p1 = endp;
	      copy_part_of_rope (f, p1prev, p1prev, invis_vector_contents,
				 (p1 - p1prev), current_face, rev_dir_bit);
	    }
#ifdef HAVE_FACES
	  /* Draw the face of the newline character as extending all the 
	     way to the end of the frame line.  */
	  if (current_face)
	    {
	      if (p1 < leftmargin)
		p1 = leftmargin;
	      while (p1 < endp)
		*p1++ = FAST_MAKE_GLYPH (' ', current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
	    }
#endif

	  /* Update charstarts for the newline that ended this line.  */
	  /* Do nothing here for a char that's entirely off the left edge
	     or if it starts at the right edge.  */
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1prev != endp)
	    {
	      /* Store the newline's position into charstarts
		 for the column where the newline starts.
		 Store -1 for the rest of the glyphs it occupies.  */
	      int *p2x = &charstart[(p1prev < leftmargin
				     ? leftmargin : p1prev)
				    - p1start];
	      int *p2 = &charstart[(p1 < endp ? p1 : endp) - p1start];

	      *p2x++ = pos;
	      while (p2x < p2)
		*p2x++ = -1;
	    }

	  break;
	}
      else if (c == '\t')
	{
	  do
	    {
	      if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 < endp)
		*p1 = MAKE_GLYPH (f, ' ', current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
	      p1++;
	    }
	  while ((p1 - leftmargin + taboffset + hscroll - (hscroll > 0))
		 % tab_width);
	}
      else if (c == Ctl ('M') && selective == -1)
	{
	  pos = find_next_newline (pos, 1);
	  if (FETCH_BYTE (pos - 1) == '\n')
	    pos--;
	  if (selective_rlen > 0)
	    {
	      p1 += selective_rlen;
	      if (p1 - leftmargin > width)
		p1 = endp;
	      copy_part_of_rope (f, p1prev, p1prev, invis_vector_contents,
				 (p1 - p1prev), current_face, rev_dir_bit);
	    }
#ifdef HAVE_FACES
	  /* Draw the face of the newline character as extending all the 
	     way to the end of the frame line.  */
	  if (current_face)
	    {
	      if (p1 < leftmargin)
		p1 = leftmargin;
	      while (p1 < endp)
		*p1++ = FAST_MAKE_GLYPH (' ', current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
	    }
#endif

	  /* Update charstarts for the ^M that ended this line.  */
	  /* Do nothing here for a char that's entirely off the left edge
	     or if it starts at the right edge.  */
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1prev != endp)
	    {
	      /* Store the newline's position into charstarts
		 for the column where the newline starts.
		 Store -1 for the rest of the glyphs it occupies.  */
	      int *p2x = &charstart[(p1prev < leftmargin
				     ? leftmargin : p1prev)
				    - p1start];
	      int *p2 = &charstart[(p1 < endp ? p1 : endp) - p1start];

	      *p2x++ = pos;
	      while (p2x < p2)
		*p2x++ = -1;
	    }
	  break;
	}
      else if (c < 0200 && ctl_arrow)
	{
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin)
	    *p1 = (fix_glyph
		   (f, (dp && INTEGERP (DISP_CTRL_GLYPH (dp))
			&& GLYPH_CHAR_VALID_P (XINT (DISP_CTRL_GLYPH (dp)))
			? XINT (DISP_CTRL_GLYPH (dp)) : '^'),
		    current_face)
		   | rev_dir_bit);
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 < endp)
	    *p1 = MAKE_GLYPH (f, c ^ 0100, current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
	  p1++;
	}
      else if (len == 1)
	{
	  /* C is not a multibyte character.  */
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin)
	    *p1 = (fix_glyph
		   (f, (dp && INTEGERP (DISP_ESCAPE_GLYPH (dp))
			&& GLYPH_CHAR_VALID_P (DISP_ESCAPE_GLYPH (dp))
			? XINT (DISP_ESCAPE_GLYPH (dp)) : '\\'),
		    current_face)
		   | rev_dir_bit);
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 < endp)
	    *p1 = MAKE_GLYPH (f, (c >> 6) + '0', current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 < endp)
	    *p1 = (MAKE_GLYPH (f, (7 & (c >> 3)) + '0', current_face)
		   | rev_dir_bit);
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 < endp)
	    *p1 = MAKE_GLYPH (f, (7 & c) + '0', current_face) | rev_dir_bit;
	  p1++;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* C is a multibyte character.  */
	  int charset = CHAR_CHARSET (c);
	  int columns = (charset == CHARSET_COMPOSITION
			 ? cmpchar_table[COMPOSITE_CHAR_ID (c)]->width
			 : CHARSET_WIDTH (charset));
	  GLYPH g = MAKE_GLYPH (f, c, current_face) | rev_dir_bit;

	  while (columns--)
	    {
	      if (p1 >= leftmargin && p1 < endp)
		*p1 = g, g |= GLYPH_MASK_PADDING;
	      p1++;
	    }
	}

      prevpos = pos;
      pos += len;

      /* Update charstarts for the character just output.  */

      /* Do nothing here for a char that's entirely off the left edge.  */
      if (p1 >= leftmargin)
	{
	  /* Store the char's position into charstarts
	     for the first glyph occupied by this char.
	     Store -1 for the rest of the glyphs it occupies.  */
	  if (p1 != p1prev)
	    {
	      int *p2x = &charstart[(p1prev < leftmargin
				     ? leftmargin : p1prev)
				    - p1start];
	      int *p2 = &charstart[(p1 < endp ? p1 : endp) - p1start];

	      if (p2x < p2)
		*p2x++ = prevpos;
	      while (p2x < p2)
		*p2x++ = -1;
	    }
	}
    }

  val.hpos = - XINT (w->hscroll);
  if (val.hpos)
    val.hpos++;

  val.vpos = 1;

  lastpos = pos;

  /* Store 0 in this charstart line for the positions where
     there is no character.  But do leave what was recorded
     for the character that ended the line.  */
  /* Add 1 in the endtest to compensate for the fact that ENDP was
     made from WIDTH, which is 1 less than the window's actual
     internal width.  */
  i = p1 - p1start + 1;
  if (p1 < leftmargin)
    i += leftmargin - p1;
  for (; i < endp - p1start + 1; i++)
    charstart[i] = 0;

  /* Handle continuation in middle of a character */
  /* by backing up over it */
  if (p1 > endp)
    {
      /* Don't back up if we never actually displayed any text.
	 This occurs when the minibuffer prompt takes up the whole line.  */
      if (p1prev)
	{
	  /* Start the next line with that same character whose
             character code is C and the length of multi-byte form is
             LEN.  */
	  pos = prevpos;

	  if (len == 1)
	    /* C is not a multi-byte character.  We can break it and
	       start from the middle column in the next line.  So,
	       adjust VAL.HPOS to skip the columns output on this
	       line.  */
	    val.hpos += p1prev - endp;
	  else
	    {
	      /* C is a multibyte character.  Since we can't broke it
		 in the middle, the whole character should be driven
		 into the next line.  */
	      /* As the result, the actual columns occupied by the
		 text on this line is less than WIDTH.  VAL.TAB_OFFSET
		 must be adjusted.  */
	      taboffset = taboffset + (p1prev - endp);
	      /* Let's fill unused columns with TRUNCATOR or CONTINUER.  */
	      {
		GLYPH g = fix_glyph (f, truncate ? truncator : continuer, 0);
		while (p1prev < endp)
		  *p1prev++ = g;
	      }
	      /* If POINT is at POS, cursor should not on this line.  */
	      lastpos = pos;
	      if (PT == pos)
		cursor_vpos = -1;
	    }
	}

      /* Keep in this line everything up to the continuation column.  */
      p1 = endp;
    }

  /* Finish deciding which character to start the next line on,
     and what hpos to start it at.
     Also set `lastpos' to the last position which counts as "on this line"
     for cursor-positioning.  */

  if (pos < ZV)
    {
      if (FETCH_BYTE (pos) == '\n')
	{
	  /* If stopped due to a newline, start next line after it */
	  pos++;
	  val.tab_offset = 0;
	  /* Check again for hidden lines, in case the newline occurred exactly
	     at the right margin.  */
	  while (pos < ZV && selective > 0
		 && indented_beyond_p (pos, selective))
	    pos = find_next_newline (pos, 1);
	}
      else
	/* Stopped due to right margin of window */
	{
	  if (truncate)
	    {
	      *p1++ = fix_glyph (f, truncator, 0);
	      /* Truncating => start next line after next newline,
		 and point is on this line if it is before the newline,
		 and skip none of first char of next line */
	      do
		pos = find_next_newline (pos, 1);
	      while (pos < ZV && selective > 0
		     && indented_beyond_p (pos, selective));
	      val.hpos = XINT (w->hscroll) ? 1 - XINT (w->hscroll) : 0;

	      lastpos = pos - (FETCH_BYTE (pos - 1) == '\n');
	      val.tab_offset = 0;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      *p1++ = fix_glyph (f, continuer, 0);
	      val.vpos = 0;
	      lastpos--;
	      val.tab_offset = taboffset + width;
	    }
	}
    }
  else
    val.tab_offset = 0;

  /* If point is at eol or in invisible text at eol,
     record its frame location now.  */

  if (start <= PT && PT <= lastpos && cursor_vpos < 0)
    {
      cursor_vpos = vpos;
      cursor_hpos = p1 - leftmargin;
    }

  if (cursor_vpos == vpos)
    {
      if (cursor_hpos < 0) cursor_hpos = 0;
      if (cursor_hpos > width) cursor_hpos = width;
      cursor_hpos += WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w);
      if (w == XWINDOW (FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f)))
	{
	  if (!(cursor_in_echo_area && FRAME_HAS_MINIBUF_P (f)
		&& EQ (FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (f), minibuf_window)))
	    {
	      FRAME_CURSOR_Y (f) = cursor_vpos;
	      FRAME_CURSOR_X (f) = cursor_hpos;
	    }

	  if (w == XWINDOW (selected_window))
	    {
	      /* Line is not continued and did not start
		 in middle of character */
	      if ((hpos - WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w)
		   == (XINT (w->hscroll) ? 1 - XINT (w->hscroll) : 0))
		  && val.vpos)
		{
		  this_line_bufpos = start;
		  this_line_buffer = current_buffer;
		  this_line_vpos = cursor_vpos;
		  this_line_start_hpos = hpos;
		  this_line_endpos = Z - lastpos;
		}
	      else
		this_line_bufpos = 0;
	    }
	}
    }

  /* If hscroll and line not empty, insert truncation-at-left marker */
  if (hscroll && lastpos != start)
    {
      GLYPH g = fix_glyph (f, truncator, 0);
      *leftmargin = g;
      if (p1 <= leftmargin)
	p1 = leftmargin + 1;
      else			/* MULE: it may be a wide-column character */
	{
	  p1prev = leftmargin + 1;
	  while (p1prev < p1 && *p1prev & GLYPH_MASK_PADDING)
	    *p1prev++ = g;
	}
    }

  if (!WINDOW_RIGHTMOST_P (w))
    {
      endp++;
      if (p1 < leftmargin) p1 = leftmargin;
      while (p1 < endp) *p1++ = SPACEGLYPH;

      /* Don't draw vertical bars if we're using scroll bars.  They're
         covered up by the scroll bars, and it's distracting to see
         them when the scroll bar windows are flickering around to be
         reconfigured.  */
      if (FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS_ON_RIGHT (f))
	{
	  int i;
	  for (i = 0; i < FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_COLS (f); i++)
	    *p1++ = SPACEGLYPH;
	}
      else if (!FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS (f))
	*p1++ = (dp && INTEGERP (DISP_BORDER_GLYPH (dp))
		 ? DISP_BORDER_GLYPH (dp)
		 : '|');
    }
  desired_glyphs->used[vpos] = max (desired_glyphs->used[vpos],
				   p1 - desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos]);
  desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos][desired_glyphs->used[vpos]] = 0;

  /* If the start of this line is the overlay arrow-position,
     then put the arrow string into the display-line.  */

  if (MARKERP (Voverlay_arrow_position)
      && current_buffer == XMARKER (Voverlay_arrow_position)->buffer
      && start == marker_position (Voverlay_arrow_position)
      && STRINGP (Voverlay_arrow_string)
      && ! overlay_arrow_seen)
    {
      unsigned char *p = XSTRING (Voverlay_arrow_string)->data;
      int i;
      int len = XSTRING (Voverlay_arrow_string)->size;
      int arrow_end;

      if (len > width)
	len = width;
#ifdef HAVE_FACES
      if (!NULL_INTERVAL_P (XSTRING (Voverlay_arrow_string)->intervals))
	{
	  /* If the arrow string has text props, obey them when displaying.  */
	  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	    {
	      int c = p[i];
	      Lisp_Object face, ilisp;
	      int newface;

	      XSETFASTINT (ilisp, i);
	      face = Fget_text_property (ilisp, Qface, Voverlay_arrow_string);
	      newface = compute_glyph_face_1 (f, face, 0);
	      leftmargin[i] = FAST_MAKE_GLYPH (c, newface);
	    }
	}
      else
#endif /* HAVE_FACES */
	{
	  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	    leftmargin[i] = p[i];
	}

      /* Bug in SunOS 4.1.1 compiler requires this intermediate variable.  */
      arrow_end = (leftmargin - desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos]) + len;
      if (desired_glyphs->used[vpos] < arrow_end)
	desired_glyphs->used[vpos] = arrow_end;

      overlay_arrow_seen = 1;
    }

  val.bufpos = pos;
  val.ovstring_chars_done = ovstr_done;
  val_display_text_line = val;
  return &val_display_text_line;
}

/* Redisplay the menu bar in the frame for window W.  */

static void
display_menu_bar (w)
     struct window *w;
{
  Lisp_Object items, tail;
  register int vpos = 0;
  register FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  int maxendcol = FRAME_WIDTH (f);
  int hpos = 0;
  int i;

#ifdef HAVE_NTGUI
  if (!NILP (Vwindow_system))
    return;
#endif

#ifdef USE_X_TOOLKIT
  if (FRAME_X_P (f))
    return;
#endif /* USE_X_TOOLKIT */

  get_display_line (f, vpos, 0);

  items = FRAME_MENU_BAR_ITEMS (f);
  for (i = 0; i < XVECTOR (items)->size; i += 4)
    {
      Lisp_Object pos, string;
      string = XVECTOR (items)->contents[i + 1];
      if (NILP (string))
	break;

      XSETFASTINT (XVECTOR (items)->contents[i + 3], hpos);

      if (hpos < maxendcol)
	hpos = display_string (XWINDOW (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f)), vpos,
			       XSTRING (string)->data,
			       XSTRING (string)->size,
			       hpos, 0, 0, hpos, maxendcol);
      /* Put a space between items.  */
      if (hpos < maxendcol)
	{
	  int hpos1 = hpos + 1;
	  hpos = display_string (w, vpos, "", 0, hpos, 0, 0,
				 min (hpos1, maxendcol), maxendcol);
	}
    }

  FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f)->bufp[vpos] = 0;
  FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f)->highlight[vpos] = mode_line_inverse_video;

  /* Fill out the line with spaces.  */
  if (maxendcol > hpos)
    hpos = display_string (w, vpos, "", 0, hpos, 0, 0, maxendcol, maxendcol);

  /* Clear the rest of the lines allocated to the menu bar.  */
  vpos++;
  while (vpos < FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f))
    get_display_line (f, vpos++, 0);
}

/* Display the mode line for window w */

static void
display_mode_line (w)
     struct window *w;
{
  register int vpos = XFASTINT (w->height) + XFASTINT (w->top) - 1;
  register int left = WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN (w);
  register int right = WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN (w);
  register FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));

  line_number_displayed = 0;
  w->column_number_displayed = Qnil;

  get_display_line (f, vpos, left);

  /* Temporarily make frame F's kboard the current kboard
     so that kboard-local variables in the mode_line_format
     will get the right values.  */
  push_frame_kboard (f);

  display_mode_element (w, vpos, left, 0, right, right,
			current_buffer->mode_line_format);

  pop_frame_kboard ();

  FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f)->bufp[vpos] = 0;

  /* Put the mode line in inverse video.
     Use faces if possible, since that lets us handle
     partial-width windows and avoid inverting the scroll bar columns.  */
#ifdef HAVE_FACES
  if (! FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f) && mode_line_inverse_video)
    {
      /* For a partial width window, explicitly set face of each glyph. */
      int i;
      unsigned int padding;
      GLYPH *ptr = FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f)->glyphs[vpos];
      for (i = left; i < right; ++i)
	{
	  padding = ptr[i] & GLYPH_MASK_PADDING;
	  ptr[i] = FAST_MAKE_GLYPH (FAST_GLYPH_CHAR (ptr[i]), 1) | padding;
	}
    }
  else
#endif

  /* Make the mode line inverse video if the entire line
     is made of mode lines.
     I.e. if this window is full width,
     or if it is the child of a full width window
     (which implies that that window is split side-by-side
     and the rest of this line is mode lines of the sibling windows).  */
  if (WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w)
      || WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (XWINDOW (w->parent)))
    FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f)->highlight[vpos] = mode_line_inverse_video;
}

/* Contribute ELT to the mode line for window W.
   How it translates into text depends on its data type.

   VPOS is the position of the mode line being displayed.

   HPOS is the position (absolute on frame) where this element's text
   should start.  The output is truncated automatically at the right
   edge of window W.

   DEPTH is the depth in recursion.  It is used to prevent
   infinite recursion here.

   MINENDCOL is the hpos before which the element may not end.
   The element is padded at the right with spaces if nec
   to reach this column.

   MAXENDCOL is the hpos past which this element may not extend.
   If MINENDCOL is > MAXENDCOL, MINENDCOL takes priority.
   (This is necessary to make nested padding and truncation work.)

   Returns the hpos of the end of the text generated by ELT.
   The next element will receive that value as its HPOS arg,
   so as to concatenate the elements.  */

static int
display_mode_element (w, vpos, hpos, depth, minendcol, maxendcol, elt)
     struct window *w;
     register int vpos, hpos;
     int depth;
     int minendcol;
     register int maxendcol;
     register Lisp_Object elt;
{
 tail_recurse:
  if (depth > 10)
    goto invalid;

  depth++;

  switch (SWITCH_ENUM_CAST (XTYPE (elt)))
    {
    case Lisp_String:
      {
	/* A string: output it and check for %-constructs within it.  */
	register unsigned char c;
	register unsigned char *this = XSTRING (elt)->data;

	while (hpos < maxendcol && *this)
	  {
	    unsigned char *last = this;
	    while ((c = *this++) != '\0' && c != '%')
	      ;
	    if (this - 1 != last)
	      {
		register int lim = --this - last + hpos;
		if (frame_title_ptr)
		  hpos = store_frame_title (last, hpos, min (lim, maxendcol));
		else
		  hpos = display_string (w, vpos, last, -1, hpos, 0, 1,
					 hpos, min (lim, maxendcol));
	      }
	    else /* c == '%' */
	      {
		register int minendcol;
		register int spec_width = 0;

		/* We can't allow -ve args due to the "%-" construct */
		/* Argument specifies minwidth but not maxwidth
		   (maxwidth can be specified by
		     (<negative-number> . <stuff>) mode-line elements) */

		while ((c = *this++) >= '0' && c <= '9')
		  {
		    spec_width = spec_width * 10 + (c - '0');
		  }

		minendcol = hpos + spec_width;
		if (minendcol > maxendcol)
		  {
		    spec_width = maxendcol - hpos;
		    minendcol = maxendcol;
		  }

		if (c == 'M')
		  hpos = display_mode_element (w, vpos, hpos, depth,
					       spec_width, maxendcol,
					       Vglobal_mode_string);
		else if (c != 0)
		  {
		    char *spec = decode_mode_spec (w, c, spec_width,
						   maxendcol - hpos);
		    if (frame_title_ptr)
		      hpos = store_frame_title (spec, minendcol, maxendcol);
		    else
		      hpos = display_string (w, vpos, spec, -1,
					     hpos, 0, 1,
					     minendcol, maxendcol);
		  }
	      }
	  }
      }
      break;

    case Lisp_Symbol:
      /* A symbol: process the value of the symbol recursively
	 as if it appeared here directly.  Avoid error if symbol void.
	 Special case: if value of symbol is a string, output the string
	 literally.  */
      {
	register Lisp_Object tem;
	tem = Fboundp (elt);
	if (!NILP (tem))
	  {
	    tem = Fsymbol_value (elt);
	    /* If value is a string, output that string literally:
	       don't check for % within it.  */
	    if (STRINGP (tem))
	      {
		if (frame_title_ptr)
		  hpos = store_frame_title (XSTRING (tem)->data,
					    minendcol, maxendcol);
		else
		  hpos = display_string (w, vpos, XSTRING (tem)->data,
					 XSTRING (tem)->size,
					 hpos, 0, 1, minendcol, maxendcol);
	      }
	    /* Give up right away for nil or t.  */
	    else if (!EQ (tem, elt))
	      { elt = tem; goto tail_recurse; }
	  }
      }
      break;

    case Lisp_Cons:
      {
	register Lisp_Object car, tem;

	/* A cons cell: three distinct cases.
	   If first element is a string or a cons, process all the elements
	   and effectively concatenate them.
	   If first element is a negative number, truncate displaying cdr to
	   at most that many characters.  If positive, pad (with spaces)
	   to at least that many characters.
	   If first element is a symbol, process the cadr or caddr recursively
	   according to whether the symbol's value is non-nil or nil.  */
	car = XCONS (elt)->car;
	if (SYMBOLP (car))
	  {
	    tem = Fboundp (car);
	    elt = XCONS (elt)->cdr;
	    if (!CONSP (elt))
	      goto invalid;
	    /* elt is now the cdr, and we know it is a cons cell.
	       Use its car if CAR has a non-nil value.  */
	    if (!NILP (tem))
	      {
		tem = Fsymbol_value (car);
		if (!NILP (tem))
		  { elt = XCONS (elt)->car; goto tail_recurse; }
	      }
	    /* Symbol's value is nil (or symbol is unbound)
	       Get the cddr of the original list
	       and if possible find the caddr and use that.  */
	    elt = XCONS (elt)->cdr;
	    if (NILP (elt))
	      break;
	    else if (!CONSP (elt))
	      goto invalid;
	    elt = XCONS (elt)->car;
	    goto tail_recurse;
	  }
	else if (INTEGERP (car))
	  {
	    register int lim = XINT (car);
	    elt = XCONS (elt)->cdr;
	    if (lim < 0)
	      /* Negative int means reduce maximum width.
		 DO NOT change MINENDCOL here!
		 (20 -10 . foo) should truncate foo to 10 col
		 and then pad to 20.  */
	      maxendcol = min (maxendcol, hpos - lim);
	    else if (lim > 0)
	      {
		/* Padding specified.  Don't let it be more than
		   current maximum.  */
		lim += hpos;
		if (lim > maxendcol)
		  lim = maxendcol;
		/* If that's more padding than already wanted, queue it.
		   But don't reduce padding already specified even if
		   that is beyond the current truncation point.  */
		if (lim > minendcol)
		  minendcol = lim;
	      }
	    goto tail_recurse;
	  }
	else if (STRINGP (car) || CONSP (car))
	  {
	    register int limit = 50;
	    /* LIMIT is to protect against circular lists.  */
	    while (CONSP (elt) && --limit > 0
		   && hpos < maxendcol)
	      {
		hpos = display_mode_element (w, vpos, hpos, depth,
					     hpos, maxendcol,
					     XCONS (elt)->car);
		elt = XCONS (elt)->cdr;
	      }
	  }
      }
      break;

    default:
    invalid:
      if (frame_title_ptr)
	hpos = store_frame_title ("*invalid*", minendcol, maxendcol);
      else
	hpos = display_string (w, vpos, "*invalid*", -1, hpos, 0, 1,
			       minendcol, maxendcol);
      return hpos;
    }

  if (minendcol > hpos)
    if (frame_title_ptr)
      hpos = store_frame_title ("", minendcol, maxendcol);
    else
      hpos = display_string (w, vpos, "", 0, hpos, 0, 1, minendcol, maxendcol);
  return hpos;
}

/* Write a null-terminated, right justified decimal representation of
   the positive integer D to BUF using a minimal field width WIDTH.  */

static void
pint2str (buf, width, d)
     register char *buf;
     register int width;
     register int d;
{
  register char *p = buf;
  
  if (d <= 0)
      *p++ = '0';
  else
      while (d > 0)
      {
	  *p++ = d % 10 + '0';
	  d /= 10;
      }
  for (width -= (int) (p - buf); width > 0; --width) *p++ = ' ';
  *p-- = '\0';
  while (p > buf)
  {
      d = *buf;
      *buf++ = *p;
      *p-- = d;
  }
}

/* Set a mnemonic character for CODING_SYSTEM (Lisp symbol) in BUF.
   If EOL_FLAG is 1, set also a mnemonic character for end-of-line
   type of CODING_SYSTEM.  Return updated pointer into BUF.  */

static char *
decode_mode_spec_coding (coding_system, buf, eol_flag)
     Lisp_Object coding_system;
     register char *buf;
     int eol_flag;
{
  register Lisp_Object val = coding_system;

  if (NILP (val))		/* Not yet decided.  */
    {
      *buf++ = '-';
      if (eol_flag) *buf++ = eol_mnemonic_undecided;
    }
  else
    {
      while (!NILP (val) && SYMBOLP (val))
	val = Fget (val, Qcoding_system);
      *buf++ = XFASTINT (XVECTOR (val)->contents[1]);
      if (eol_flag)
	{
	  val = Fget (coding_system, Qeol_type);

	  if (NILP (val))	/* Not yet decided.  */
	    *buf++ = eol_mnemonic_undecided;
	  else if (VECTORP (val)) /* Not yet decided.  */
	    *buf++ = eol_mnemonic_undecided;
	  else			/* INTEGERP (val) -- 1:LF, 2:CRLF, 3:CR */
	    *buf++ = (XFASTINT (val) == 1
		      ? eol_mnemonic_unix
		      : (XFASTINT (val) == 2
			 ? eol_mnemonic_dos : eol_mnemonic_mac));
	}
    }
  return buf;
}

/* Return a string for the output of a mode line %-spec for window W,
   generated by character C.  SPEC_WIDTH is the field width when
   padding to the left (%c, %l).  The value returned from this
   function will later be truncated to width MAXWIDTH. */

static char lots_of_dashes[] = "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------";

static char *
decode_mode_spec (w, c, spec_width, maxwidth)
     struct window *w;
     register char c;
     register int spec_width;
     register int maxwidth;
{
  Lisp_Object obj;
  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  char *decode_mode_spec_buf = (char *) FRAME_TEMP_GLYPHS (f)->total_contents;
  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->buffer);

  obj = Qnil;
  if (maxwidth > FRAME_WIDTH (f))
    maxwidth = FRAME_WIDTH (f);

  switch (c)
    {
    case '*':
      if (!NILP (b->read_only))
	return "%";
      if (BUF_MODIFF (b) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b))
	return "*";
      return "-";

    case '+':
      /* This differs from %* only for a modified read-only buffer.  */
      if (BUF_MODIFF (b) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b))
	return "*";
      if (!NILP (b->read_only))
	return "%";
      return "-";

    case '&':
      /* This differs from %* in ignoring read-only-ness.  */
      if (BUF_MODIFF (b) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b))
	return "*";
      return "-";

    case '%':
      return "%";

    case '[': 
      {
	int i;
	char *p;

	if (command_loop_level > 5)
	  return "[[[... ";
	p = decode_mode_spec_buf;
	for (i = 0; i < command_loop_level; i++)
	  *p++ = '[';
	*p = 0;
	return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case ']': 
      {
	int i;
	char *p;

	if (command_loop_level > 5)
	  return " ...]]]";
	p = decode_mode_spec_buf;
	for (i = 0; i < command_loop_level; i++)
	  *p++ = ']';
	*p = 0;
	return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case '-':
      {
	register char *p;
	register int i;
	
	if (maxwidth < sizeof (lots_of_dashes))
	  return lots_of_dashes;
	else
	  {
	    for (p = decode_mode_spec_buf, i = maxwidth; i > 0; i--)
	      *p++ = '-';
	    *p = '\0';
	  }
	return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case 'b': 
      obj = b->name;
#if 0
      if (maxwidth >= 3 && XSTRING (obj)->size > maxwidth)
	{
	  bcopy (XSTRING (obj)->data, decode_mode_spec_buf, maxwidth - 1);
	  decode_mode_spec_buf[maxwidth - 1] = '\\';
	  decode_mode_spec_buf[maxwidth] = '\0';
	  return decode_mode_spec_buf;
	}
#endif
      break;

    case 'c':
      {
	int col = current_column ();
	XSETFASTINT (w->column_number_displayed, col);
	pint2str (decode_mode_spec_buf, spec_width, col);
	return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case 'F':
      /* %F displays the frame name.  */
      if (!NILP (f->title))
	return (char *) XSTRING (f->title)->data;
      if (f->explicit_name || ! FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
	return (char *) XSTRING (f->name)->data;
      return "Emacs";

    case 'f': 
      obj = b->filename;
#if 0
      if (NILP (obj))
	return "[none]";
      else if (STRINGP (obj) && XSTRING (obj)->size > maxwidth)
	{
	  bcopy ("...", decode_mode_spec_buf, 3);
	  bcopy (XSTRING (obj)->data + XSTRING (obj)->size - maxwidth + 3,
		 decode_mode_spec_buf + 3, maxwidth - 3);
	  return decode_mode_spec_buf;
	}
#endif
      break;

    case 'l':
      {
	int startpos = marker_position (w->start);
	int line, linepos, topline;
	int nlines, junk;
	Lisp_Object tem;
	int height = XFASTINT (w->height);

	/* If we decided that this buffer isn't suitable for line numbers, 
	   don't forget that too fast.  */
	if (EQ (w->base_line_pos, w->buffer))
	  goto no_value;
	/* But do forget it, if the window shows a different buffer now.  */
	else if (BUFFERP (w->base_line_pos))
	  w->base_line_pos = Qnil;

	/* If the buffer is very big, don't waste time.  */
	if (BUF_ZV (b) - BUF_BEGV (b) > line_number_display_limit)
	  {
	    w->base_line_pos = Qnil;
	    w->base_line_number = Qnil;
	    goto no_value;
	  }

	if (!NILP (w->base_line_number)
	    && !NILP (w->base_line_pos)
	    && XFASTINT (w->base_line_pos) <= marker_position (w->start))
	  {
	    line = XFASTINT (w->base_line_number);
	    linepos = XFASTINT (w->base_line_pos);
	  }
	else
	  {
	    line = 1;
	    linepos = BUF_BEGV (b);
	  }

	/* Count lines from base line to window start position.  */
	nlines = display_count_lines (linepos, startpos, startpos, &junk);

	topline = nlines + line;

	/* Determine a new base line, if the old one is too close
	   or too far away, or if we did not have one.
	   "Too close" means it's plausible a scroll-down would
	   go back past it.  */
	if (startpos == BUF_BEGV (b))
	  {
	    XSETFASTINT (w->base_line_number, topline);
	    XSETFASTINT (w->base_line_pos, BUF_BEGV (b));
	  }
	else if (nlines < height + 25 || nlines > height * 3 + 50
		 || linepos == BUF_BEGV (b))
	  {
	    int limit = BUF_BEGV (b);
	    int position;
	    int distance = (height * 2 + 30) * 200;

	    if (startpos - distance > limit)
	      limit = startpos - distance;

	    nlines = display_count_lines (startpos, limit,
					  -(height * 2 + 30),
					  &position);
	    /* If we couldn't find the lines we wanted within 
	       200 chars per line,
	       give up on line numbers for this window.  */
	    if (position == startpos - distance)
	      {
		w->base_line_pos = w->buffer;
		w->base_line_number = Qnil;
		goto no_value;
	      }

	    XSETFASTINT (w->base_line_number, topline - nlines);
	    XSETFASTINT (w->base_line_pos, position);
	  }

	/* Now count lines from the start pos to point.  */
	nlines = display_count_lines (startpos, PT, PT, &junk);

	/* Record that we did display the line number.  */
	line_number_displayed = 1;

	/* Make the string to show.  */
	pint2str (decode_mode_spec_buf, spec_width, topline + nlines);
	return decode_mode_spec_buf;
    no_value:
        {
	  char* p = decode_mode_spec_buf;
	  for (spec_width -= 2; spec_width > 0; --spec_width) *p++ = ' ';
	  strcpy (p, "??");
	  return decode_mode_spec_buf;
	}
      }
      break;

    case 'm': 
      obj = b->mode_name;
      break;

    case 'n':
      if (BUF_BEGV (b) > BUF_BEG (b) || BUF_ZV (b) < BUF_Z (b))
	return " Narrow";
      break;

    case 'p':
      {
	int pos = marker_position (w->start);
	int total = BUF_ZV (b) - BUF_BEGV (b);

	if (XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos) <= BUF_Z (b) - BUF_ZV (b))
	  {
	    if (pos <= BUF_BEGV (b))
	      return "All";
	    else
	      return "Bottom";
	  }
	else if (pos <= BUF_BEGV (b))
	  return "Top";
	else
	  {
	    if (total > 1000000)
	      /* Do it differently for a large value, to avoid overflow.  */
	      total = ((pos - BUF_BEGV (b)) + (total / 100) - 1) / (total / 100);
	    else
	      total = ((pos - BUF_BEGV (b)) * 100 + total - 1) / total;
	    /* We can't normally display a 3-digit number,
	       so get us a 2-digit number that is close.  */
	    if (total == 100)
	      total = 99;
	    sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf, "%2d%%", total);
	    return decode_mode_spec_buf;
	  }
      }

      /* Display percentage of size above the bottom of the screen.  */
    case 'P':
      {
	int toppos = marker_position (w->start);
	int botpos = BUF_Z (b) - XFASTINT (w->window_end_pos);
	int total = BUF_ZV (b) - BUF_BEGV (b);

	if (botpos >= BUF_ZV (b))
	  {
	    if (toppos <= BUF_BEGV (b))
	      return "All";
	    else
	      return "Bottom";
	  }
	else
	  {
	    if (total > 1000000)
	      /* Do it differently for a large value, to avoid overflow.  */
	      total = ((botpos - BUF_BEGV (b)) + (total / 100) - 1) / (total / 100);
	    else
	      total = ((botpos - BUF_BEGV (b)) * 100 + total - 1) / total;
	    /* We can't normally display a 3-digit number,
	       so get us a 2-digit number that is close.  */
	    if (total == 100)
	      total = 99;
	    if (toppos <= BUF_BEGV (b))
	      sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf, "Top%2d%%", total);
	    else
	      sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf, "%2d%%", total);
	    return decode_mode_spec_buf;
	  }
      }

    case 's':
      /* status of process */
      obj = Fget_buffer_process (w->buffer);
      if (NILP (obj))
	return "no process";
#ifdef subprocesses
      obj = Fsymbol_name (Fprocess_status (obj));
#endif
      break;

    case 't':			/* indicate TEXT or BINARY */
#ifdef MODE_LINE_BINARY_TEXT
      return MODE_LINE_BINARY_TEXT (b);
#else
      return "T";
#endif

    case 'z':
      /* coding-system (not including end-of-line format) */
    case 'Z':
      /* coding-system (including end-of-line type) */
      {
	int eol_flag = (c == 'Z');
	char *p;

	p = decode_mode_spec_coding
	  (find_symbol_value (Qbuffer_file_coding_system),
	   decode_mode_spec_buf, eol_flag);
	if (FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f))
	  {
	    p = decode_mode_spec_coding (keyboard_coding.symbol, p, eol_flag);
	    p = decode_mode_spec_coding (terminal_coding.symbol, p, eol_flag);
	  }
#ifdef subprocesses
	obj = Fget_buffer_process (Fcurrent_buffer ());
	if (PROCESSP (obj))
	  {
	    p = decode_mode_spec_coding (XPROCESS (obj)->decode_coding_system,
					 p, eol_flag);
	    p = decode_mode_spec_coding (XPROCESS (obj)->encode_coding_system,
					 p, eol_flag);
	  }
#endif /* subprocesses */
	*p = 0;
	return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }
    }

  if (STRINGP (obj))
    return (char *) XSTRING (obj)->data;
  else
    return "";
}

/* Search for COUNT instances of a line boundary, which means either a
   newline or (if selective display enabled) a carriage return.
   Start at START.  If COUNT is negative, search backwards.

   If we find COUNT instances, set *SHORTAGE to zero, and return the
   position after the COUNTth match.  Note that for reverse motion
   this is not the same as the usual convention for Emacs motion commands.

   If we don't find COUNT instances before reaching the end of the
   buffer (or the beginning, if scanning backwards), set *SHORTAGE to
   the number of line boundaries left unfound, and return the end of the
   buffer we bumped up against.  */

static int
display_scan_buffer (start, count, shortage)
     int *shortage, start;
     register int count;
{
  int limit = ((count > 0) ? ZV - 1 : BEGV);
  int direction = ((count > 0) ? 1 : -1);

  register unsigned char *cursor;
  unsigned char *base;

  register int ceiling;
  register unsigned char *ceiling_addr;

  /* If we are not in selective display mode,
     check only for newlines.  */
  if (! (!NILP (current_buffer->selective_display)
	 && !INTEGERP (current_buffer->selective_display)))
    return scan_buffer ('\n', start, 0, count, shortage, 0);

  /* The code that follows is like scan_buffer
     but checks for either newline or carriage return.  */

  if (shortage != 0)
    *shortage = 0;

  if (count > 0)
    while (start != limit + 1)
      {
	ceiling =  BUFFER_CEILING_OF (start);
	ceiling = min (limit, ceiling);
	ceiling_addr = POS_ADDR (ceiling) + 1;
	base = (cursor = POS_ADDR (start));
	while (1)
	  {
	    while (*cursor != '\n' && *cursor != 015 && ++cursor != ceiling_addr)
	      ;
	    if (cursor != ceiling_addr)
	      {
		if (--count == 0)
		  {
		    immediate_quit = 0;
		    return (start + cursor - base + 1);
		  }
		else
		  if (++cursor == ceiling_addr)
		    break;
	      }
	    else
	      break;
	  }
	start += cursor - base;
      }
  else
    {
      start--;			/* first character we scan */
      while (start > limit - 1)
	{			/* we WILL scan under start */
	  ceiling =  BUFFER_FLOOR_OF (start);
	  ceiling = max (limit, ceiling);
	  ceiling_addr = POS_ADDR (ceiling) - 1;
	  base = (cursor = POS_ADDR (start));
	  cursor++;
	  while (1)
	    {
	      while (--cursor != ceiling_addr
		     && *cursor != '\n' && *cursor != 015)
		;
	      if (cursor != ceiling_addr)
		{
		  if (++count == 0)
		    {
		      immediate_quit = 0;
		      return (start + cursor - base + 1);
		    }
		}
	      else
		break;
	    }
	  start += cursor - base;
	}
    }

  if (shortage != 0)
    *shortage = count * direction;
  return (start + ((direction == 1 ? 0 : 1)));
}

/* Count up to N lines starting from FROM.
   But don't go beyond LIMIT.
   Return the number of lines thus found (always positive).
   Store the position after what was found into *POS_PTR.  */

static int
display_count_lines (from, limit, n, pos_ptr)
     int from, limit, n;
     int *pos_ptr;
{
  int oldbegv = BEGV;
  int oldzv = ZV;
  int shortage = 0;
  
  if (limit < from)
    BEGV = limit;
  else
    ZV = limit;

  *pos_ptr = display_scan_buffer (from, n, &shortage);

  ZV = oldzv;
  BEGV = oldbegv;

  if (n < 0)
    /* When scanning backwards, scan_buffer stops *after* the last newline
       it finds, but does count it.  Compensate for that.  */
    return - n - shortage - (*pos_ptr != limit);
  return n - shortage;
}  

/* Display STRING on one line of window W, starting at HPOS.
   Display at position VPOS.  Caller should have done get_display_line.
   If VPOS == -1, display it as the current frame's title.
   LENGTH is the length of STRING, or -1 meaning STRING is null-terminated.

  TRUNCATE is GLYPH to display at end if truncated.  Zero for none.

  MINCOL is the first column ok to end at.  (Pad with spaces to this col.)
  MAXCOL is the last column ok to end at.  Truncate here.
    -1 for MINCOL or MAXCOL means no explicit minimum or maximum.
  Both count from the left edge of the frame, as does HPOS.
  The right edge of W is an implicit maximum.
  If TRUNCATE is nonzero, the implicit maximum is one column before the edge.

  OBEY_WINDOW_WIDTH says to put spaces or vertical bars
  at the place where the current window ends in this line
  and not display anything beyond there.  Otherwise, only MAXCOL
  controls where to stop output.

  Returns ending hpos.  */

static int
display_string (w, vpos, string, length, hpos, truncate,
		obey_window_width, mincol, maxcol)
     struct window *w;
     unsigned char *string;
     int length;
     int vpos, hpos;
     GLYPH truncate;
     int obey_window_width;
     int mincol, maxcol;
{
  register int c;
  int truncated;
  register GLYPH *p1;
  int hscroll = XINT (w->hscroll);
  int tab_width = XINT (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->tab_width);
  register GLYPH *start;
  register GLYPH *end;
  FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  struct frame_glyphs *desired_glyphs = FRAME_DESIRED_GLYPHS (f);
  GLYPH *p1start = desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos] + hpos;
  int window_width = XFASTINT (w->width);
  /* If 1, we must display multibyte characters.  */
  int multibyte = !NILP (XBUFFER (w->buffer)->enable_multibyte_characters);

  /* Use the standard display table, not the window's display table.
     We don't want the mode line in rot13.  */
  register struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp = 0;
  int i;

  if (DISP_TABLE_P (Vstandard_display_table))
    dp = XCHAR_TABLE (Vstandard_display_table);

  if (tab_width <= 0 || tab_width > 1000) tab_width = 8;

  p1 = p1start;
  start = desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos] + XFASTINT (w->left);

  if (obey_window_width)
    {
      end = start + window_width - (truncate != 0);

      if (!WINDOW_RIGHTMOST_P (w))
	{
	  if (FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS_ON_RIGHT (f))
	    {
	      int i;

	      for (i = 0; i < FRAME_SCROLL_BAR_COLS (f); i++)
		*end-- = ' ';
	    }
	  else if (!FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS (f))
	    *end-- = '|';
	}
    }

  if (! obey_window_width
      || (maxcol >= 0 && end - desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos] > maxcol))
    end = desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos] + maxcol;

  /* Store 0 in charstart for these columns.  */
  for (i = (hpos >= 0 ? hpos : 0); i < end - p1start + hpos; i++)
    desired_glyphs->charstarts[vpos][i] = 0;

  if (maxcol >= 0 && mincol > maxcol)
    mincol = maxcol;

  if (length < 0)
    /* We need this value for multibyte characters.  */
    length = strlen (string);

  /* We set truncated to 1 if we get stopped by trying to pass END
     (that is, trying to pass MAXCOL.)  */
  truncated = 0;
  while (1)
    {
      int len;

      if (length <= 0)
	break;
      if (multibyte)
	c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (string, length, len);
      else
	c = *string, len = 1;

      string += len, length -= len;

      if (p1 >= end)
	{
	  truncated = 1;
	  break;
	}

      if (dp != 0 && VECTORP (DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c)))
	{
	  p1 = copy_part_of_rope (f, p1, start,
				  XVECTOR (DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c))->contents,
				  XVECTOR (DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (dp, c))->size,
				  0);
	}
      else if (c >= 040 && c < 0177)
	{
	  if (p1 >= start)
	    *p1 = c;
	  p1++;
	}
      else if (c == '\t')
	{
	  do
	    {
	      if (p1 >= start && p1 < end)
		*p1 = SPACEGLYPH;
	      p1++;
	    }
	  while ((p1 - start + hscroll - (hscroll > 0)) % tab_width);
	}
      else if (c < 0200 && ! NILP (buffer_defaults.ctl_arrow))
	{
	  if (p1 >= start)
	    *p1 = (fix_glyph
		   (f, (dp && INTEGERP (DISP_CTRL_GLYPH (dp))
			&& GLYPH_CHAR_VALID_P (XINT (DISP_CTRL_GLYPH (dp)))
			? XINT (DISP_CTRL_GLYPH (dp)) : '^'),
		    0));
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= start && p1 < end)
	    *p1 = c ^ 0100;
	  p1++;
	}
      else if (len == 1)
	{
	  /* C is a control character or a binary byte data.  */
	  if (p1 >= start)
	    *p1 = (fix_glyph
		   (f, (dp && INTEGERP (DISP_ESCAPE_GLYPH (dp))
			&& GLYPH_CHAR_VALID_P (XINT (DISP_ESCAPE_GLYPH (dp)))
			? XINT (DISP_ESCAPE_GLYPH (dp)) : '\\'),
		    0));
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= start && p1 < end)
	    *p1 = (c >> 6) + '0';
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= start && p1 < end)
	    *p1 = (7 & (c >> 3)) + '0';
	  p1++;
	  if (p1 >= start && p1 < end)
	    *p1 = (7 & c) + '0';
	  p1++;
	}
      else
	{
	  /* C is a multibyte character.  */	  
	  int charset = CHAR_CHARSET (c);
	  int columns = (charset == CHARSET_COMPOSITION
			 ? cmpchar_table[COMPOSITE_CHAR_ID (c)]->width
			 : CHARSET_WIDTH (charset));

	  if (p1 < start)
	    {
	      /* Since we can't show the left part of C, fill all
                 columns with spaces.  */
	      columns -= start - p1;
	      p1 = start;
	      while (columns--)
		{
		  if (p1 < end)
		    *p1 = SPACEGLYPH;
		  p1++;
		}
	    }
	  else if (p1 + columns > end)
	    {
	      /* Since we can't show the right part of C, fill all
                 columns with TRUNCATE if TRUNCATE is specified.  */
	      if (truncate)
		{
		  while (p1 < end)
		    *p1++ = fix_glyph (f, truncate, 0);
		  /* And tell the line is truncated.  */
		  truncated = 1;
		}
	      break;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* We can show the whole glyph of C.  */
	      *p1++ = c;
	      while (--columns)
		*p1++ = c | GLYPH_MASK_PADDING;
	    }
	}
    }

  if (truncated)
    {
      p1 = end;
      if (truncate) *p1++ = fix_glyph (f, truncate, 0);
    }
  else if (mincol >= 0)
    {
      end = desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos] + mincol;
      while (p1 < end)
	*p1++ = SPACEGLYPH;
    }

  {
    register int len = p1 - desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos];

    if (len > desired_glyphs->used[vpos])
      desired_glyphs->used[vpos] = len;
    desired_glyphs->glyphs[vpos][desired_glyphs->used[vpos]] = 0;

    return len;
  }
}

/* This is like a combination of memq and assq.
   Return 1 if PROPVAL appears as an element of LIST
   or as the car of an element of LIST.
   If PROPVAL is a list, compare each element against LIST
   in that way, and return 1 if any element of PROPVAL is found in LIST.
   Otherwise return 0.
   This function cannot quit.  */

int
invisible_p (propval, list)
     register Lisp_Object propval;
     Lisp_Object list;
{
  register Lisp_Object tail, proptail;
  for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCONS (tail)->cdr)
    {
      register Lisp_Object tem;
      tem = XCONS (tail)->car;
      if (EQ (propval, tem))
	return 1;
      if (CONSP (tem) && EQ (propval, XCONS (tem)->car))
	return 1;
    }
  if (CONSP (propval))
    for (proptail = propval; CONSP (proptail);
	 proptail = XCONS (proptail)->cdr)
      {
	Lisp_Object propelt;
	propelt = XCONS (proptail)->car;
	for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCONS (tail)->cdr)
	  {
	    register Lisp_Object tem;
	    tem = XCONS (tail)->car;
	    if (EQ (propelt, tem))
	      return 1;
	    if (CONSP (tem) && EQ (propelt, XCONS (tem)->car))
	      return 1;
	  }
      }
  return 0;
}

/* Return 1 if PROPVAL appears as the car of an element of LIST
   and the cdr of that element is non-nil.
   If PROPVAL is a list, check each element of PROPVAL in that way,
   and the first time some element is found,
   return 1 if the cdr of that element is non-nil.
   Otherwise return 0.
   This function cannot quit.  */

int
invisible_ellipsis_p (propval, list)
     register Lisp_Object propval;
     Lisp_Object list;
{
  register Lisp_Object tail, proptail;
  for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCONS (tail)->cdr)
    {
      register Lisp_Object tem;
      tem = XCONS (tail)->car;
      if (CONSP (tem) && EQ (propval, XCONS (tem)->car))
	return ! NILP (XCONS (tem)->cdr);
    }
  if (CONSP (propval))
    for (proptail = propval; CONSP (proptail);
	 proptail = XCONS (proptail)->cdr)
      {
	Lisp_Object propelt;
	propelt = XCONS (proptail)->car;
	for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCONS (tail)->cdr)
	  {
	    register Lisp_Object tem;
	    tem = XCONS (tail)->car;
	    if (CONSP (tem) && EQ (propelt, XCONS (tem)->car))
	      return ! NILP (XCONS (tem)->cdr);
	  }
      }
  return 0;
}

void
syms_of_xdisp ()
{
  staticpro (&Qmenu_bar_update_hook);
  Qmenu_bar_update_hook = intern ("menu-bar-update-hook");

  staticpro (&Qoverriding_terminal_local_map);
  Qoverriding_terminal_local_map = intern ("overriding-terminal-local-map");

  staticpro (&Qoverriding_local_map);
  Qoverriding_local_map = intern ("overriding-local-map");

  staticpro (&Qwindow_scroll_functions);
  Qwindow_scroll_functions = intern ("window-scroll-functions");

  staticpro (&Qredisplay_end_trigger_functions);
  Qredisplay_end_trigger_functions = intern ("redisplay-end-trigger-functions");

  staticpro (&last_arrow_position);
  staticpro (&last_arrow_string);
  last_arrow_position = Qnil;
  last_arrow_string = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("global-mode-string", &Vglobal_mode_string,
    "String (or mode line construct) included (normally) in `mode-line-format'.");
  Vglobal_mode_string = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("overlay-arrow-position", &Voverlay_arrow_position,
    "Marker for where to display an arrow on top of the buffer text.\n\
This must be the beginning of a line in order to work.\n\
See also `overlay-arrow-string'.");
  Voverlay_arrow_position = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("overlay-arrow-string", &Voverlay_arrow_string,
    "String to display as an arrow.  See also `overlay-arrow-position'.");
  Voverlay_arrow_string = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_INT ("scroll-step", &scroll_step,
    "*The number of lines to try scrolling a window by when point moves out.\n\
If that fails to bring point back on frame, point is centered instead.\n\
If this is zero, point is always centered after it moves off frame.");

  DEFVAR_INT ("scroll-conservatively", &scroll_conservatively,
    "*Scroll up to this many lines, to bring point back on screen.");
  scroll_conservatively = 0;

  DEFVAR_INT ("scroll-margin", &scroll_margin,
    "*Number of lines of margin at the top and bottom of a window.\n\
Recenter the window whenever point gets within this many lines\n\
of the top or bottom of the window.");
  scroll_margin = 0;

  DEFVAR_INT ("debug-end-pos", &debug_end_pos, "Don't ask");

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("truncate-partial-width-windows",
	       &truncate_partial_width_windows,
    "*Non-nil means truncate lines in all windows less than full frame wide.");
  truncate_partial_width_windows = 1;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("mode-line-inverse-video", &mode_line_inverse_video,
    "*Non-nil means use inverse video for the mode line.");
  mode_line_inverse_video = 1;

  DEFVAR_INT ("line-number-display-limit", &line_number_display_limit,
    "*Maximum buffer size for which line number should be displayed.");
  line_number_display_limit = 1000000;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("highlight-nonselected-windows", &highlight_nonselected_windows,
    "*Non-nil means highlight region even in nonselected windows.");
  highlight_nonselected_windows = 1;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("multiple-frames", &multiple_frames,
    "Non-nil if more than one frame is visible on this display.\n\
Minibuffer-only frames don't count, but iconified frames do.\n\
This variable is not guaranteed to be accurate except while processing\n\
`frame-title-format' and `icon-title-format'.");

  DEFVAR_LISP ("frame-title-format", &Vframe_title_format,
    "Template for displaying the titlebar of visible frames.\n\
\(Assuming the window manager supports this feature.)\n\
This variable has the same structure as `mode-line-format' (which see),\n\
and is used only on frames for which no explicit name has been set\n\
\(see `modify-frame-parameters').");
  DEFVAR_LISP ("icon-title-format", &Vicon_title_format,
    "Template for displaying the titlebar of an iconified frame.\n\
\(Assuming the window manager supports this feature.)\n\
This variable has the same structure as `mode-line-format' (which see),\n\
and is used only on frames for which no explicit name has been set\n\
\(see `modify-frame-parameters').");
  Vicon_title_format
    = Vframe_title_format
    = Fcons (intern ("multiple-frames"),
	     Fcons (build_string ("%b"),
		    Fcons (Fcons (build_string (""),
				  Fcons (intern ("invocation-name"),
					 Fcons (build_string ("@"),
						Fcons (intern ("system-name"),
							       Qnil)))),
			   Qnil)));

  DEFVAR_LISP ("message-log-max", &Vmessage_log_max,
    "Maximum number of lines to keep in the message log buffer.\n\
If nil, disable message logging.  If t, log messages but don't truncate\n\
the buffer when it becomes large.");
  XSETFASTINT (Vmessage_log_max, 50);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("window-size-change-functions", &Vwindow_size_change_functions,
    "Functions called before redisplay, if window sizes have changed.\n\
The value should be a list of functions that take one argument.\n\
Just before redisplay, for each frame, if any of its windows have changed\n\
size since the last redisplay, or have been split or deleted,\n\
all the functions in the list are called, with the frame as argument.");
  Vwindow_size_change_functions = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("window-scroll-functions", &Vwindow_scroll_functions,
    "List of Functions to call before redisplaying a window with scrolling.\n\
Each function is called with two arguments, the window\n\
and its new display-start position.  Note that the value of `window-end'\n\
is not valid when these functions are called.");
  Vwindow_scroll_functions = Qnil;
}

/* initialize the window system */
init_xdisp ()
{
  Lisp_Object root_window;
#ifndef COMPILER_REGISTER_BUG
  register
#endif /* COMPILER_REGISTER_BUG */
    struct window *mini_w;

  this_line_bufpos = 0;

  mini_w = XWINDOW (minibuf_window);
  root_window = FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (mini_w)));

  echo_area_glyphs = 0;
  previous_echo_glyphs = 0;

  if (!noninteractive)
    {
      FRAME_PTR f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (root_window)));
      XSETFASTINT (XWINDOW (root_window)->top, 0);
      set_window_height (root_window, FRAME_HEIGHT (f) - 1, 0);
      XSETFASTINT (mini_w->top, FRAME_HEIGHT (f) - 1);
      set_window_height (minibuf_window, 1, 0);

      XSETFASTINT (XWINDOW (root_window)->width, FRAME_WIDTH (f));
      XSETFASTINT (mini_w->width, FRAME_WIDTH (f));
    }
}