annotate etc/refcards/survival.tex @ 92406:c36bda0a03cc

(decode_coding_big5, produce_chars): Fix typos in last change.
author Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de>
date Sun, 02 Mar 2008 19:56:45 +0000
parents 107ccd98fa12
children 9f4d6f3769da
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 %&tex
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2 %
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3 % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card
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4 % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl>
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5 %
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6 %**start of header
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7
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8 % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below
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9 %
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10 % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 21}
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11 % \section{NAME}
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12 % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space
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13 % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or
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14 % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function
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15 %
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16 % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally
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17
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18 \def\plainfmtname{plain}
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19 \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname
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20 \else
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21 \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly}
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22 \endinput
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23 \fi
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24
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25 % PDF output layout. 0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for
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26 % a landscape layout.
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27
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28 \input pdflayout.sty
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29 \pdflayout=(1)
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30
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31 % Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
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32 % 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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33
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34 % This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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35
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36 % GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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37 % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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38 % the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
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39 % any later version.
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40
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41 % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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42 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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43 % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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44 % GNU General Public License for more details.
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45
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46 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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47 % along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
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48 % the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
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49 % Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
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50
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51 \def\versionnumber{1.0}
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52 \def\versionemacs{21}
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53 \def\year{2008} % latest copyright year
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54
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55 \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill
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56 \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter
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57 Copyright \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break
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58 Version \versionnumber{} for GNU Emacs \versionemacs, April 2000\break
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59 Project W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl)
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60
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61 Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of
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62 this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
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63 are preserved on all copies.\par}}
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64
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65 \hsize 3.2in
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66 \vsize 7.95in
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67 \font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200
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68 \font\headingfont=cmss10
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69 \font\smallfont=cmr6
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70 \font\smallsy=cmsy6
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71 \font\eightrm=cmr8
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72 \font\eightbf=cmbx8
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73 \font\eightit=cmti8
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74 \font\eighttt=cmtt8
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75 \font\eightmi=cmmi8
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76 \font\eightsy=cmsy8
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77 \font\eightss=cmss8
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78 \textfont0=\eightrm
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79 \textfont1=\eightmi
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80 \textfont2=\eightsy
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81 \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm
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82 \def\bf{\eightbf}
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83 \def\it{\eightit}
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84 \def\tt{\eighttt}
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85 \def\ss{\eightss}
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86 \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip
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87
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88 \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns
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89 \intercolumnskip=0.5in
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90
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91 % The TeXbook, p. 257
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92 \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn
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93 \output={\if L\lr
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94 \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R
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95 \else
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96 \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi}
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97 \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
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98 \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
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99 \makefootline}
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100 \advancepageno}
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101 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
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102
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103 \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject}
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104
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105 \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject
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106 \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi
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107 \end}
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108
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109 \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex
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110 \centerline{\ss#2}
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111 \vskip2\baselineskip}
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112
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113 \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak
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114 \bskip
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115 \leftline{\headingfont #1}
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116 \askip}
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117 \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex }
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118 \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex}
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119
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120 \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize
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121 \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth}
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122
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123 \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces}
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124 \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent}
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125
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126 \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces}
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127 \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent}
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128
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129 \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= }
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130
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131 \newdimen\raggedstretch
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132 \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil
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133 \def\nohyphens
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134 {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000}
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135 \def\raggedspaces
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136 {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax
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137 \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax}
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138 \def\raggedright
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139 {\raggedstretch=6em
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140 \nohyphens
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141 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
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142 \raggedspaces
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143 \parfillskip=\raggedparfill
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144 \relax}
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145 \def\raggedcenter
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146 {\raggedstretch=6em
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147 \nohyphens
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148 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch
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149 \leftskip=\rightskip
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150 \raggedspaces
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151 \parfillskip=0pt
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152 \relax}
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153
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154 \chardef\\=`\\
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155
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156 \raggedright
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157 \nopagenumbers
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158 \parindent 0pt
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159 \interlinepenalty=10000
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160 \hoffset -0.2in
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161 %\voffset 0.2in
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162
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163 %**end of header
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164
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165
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166 \title{GNU\ \ Emacs\ \ Survival\ \ Card}{for version \versionemacs}
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167
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168 In the following, \kbd{C-z} means hit the `\kbd{z}' key while
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169 holding down the {\it Ctrl}\ \ key. \kbd{M-z} means hit the
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170 `\kbd{z}' key while hitting the {\it Meta\/} (labeled {\it Alt\/}
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171 on some keyboards) or after hitting {\it Esc\/} key.
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172
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173 \section{Running Emacs}
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174
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175 To enter GNU Emacs, just type its name: \kbd{emacs}.
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176 Emacs divides the frame into several areas:
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177 menu line,
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178 buffer area with the edited text,
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179 mode line describing the buffer in the window above it,
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180 and a minibuffer/echo area in the last line.
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181 \askip
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182 \key{C-x C-c} quit Emacs
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183 \key{C-x C-f} edit file; this command uses the minibuffer to read
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184 the file name; use this to create new files by entering the name
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185 of the new file
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186 \key{C-x C-s} save the file
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187 \key{C-x k} kill a buffer
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188 \key{C-g} in most context: cancel, stop, abort partially typed or
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189 executing command
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190 \key{C-x u} undo
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191
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192 \section{Moving About}
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193
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194 \key{C-l} scroll current line to center of window
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195 \key{C-x b} switch to another buffer
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196 \key{M-<} move to beginning of buffer
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197 \key{M->} move to end of buffer
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198 \key{M-x goto-line} go to a given line number
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199
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200 \section{Multiple Windows}
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201
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202 \key{C-x 0} remove the current window from the display
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203 \key{C-x 1} make active window the only window
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204 \key{C-x 2} split window horizontally
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205 \key{C-x 3} split window vertically
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206 \key{C-x o} move to other window
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207
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208 \section{Regions}
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209
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210 Emacs defines a `region' as the space between the {\it mark\/} and
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211 the {\it point}. A mark is set with \kbd{C-{\it space}}.
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212 The point is at the cursor position.
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213 \askip
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214 \key{M-h} mark entire paragraph
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215 \key{C-x h} mark entire buffer
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216
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217 \section{Killing and Copying}
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218
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219 \key{C-w} kill region
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220 \key{M-w} copy region to kill-ring
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221 \key{C-k} kill from the cursor all the way to the end of the line
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222 \key{M-DEL} kill word
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223 \key{C-y} yank back the last kill (\kbd{C-w C-y} combination could be
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224 used to move text around)
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225 \key{M-y} replace last yank with previous kill
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226
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227 \section{Searching}
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228
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229 \key{C-s} search for a string
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230 \key{C-r} search for a string backwards
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231 \key{RET} quit searching
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232 \key{M-C-s} regular expression search
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233 \key{M-C-r} reverse regular expression search
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234 \askip
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235 Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction.
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236
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237 \section{Tags}
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238
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239 Tags tables files record locations of function and
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240 procedure definitions, global variables, data types and anything
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241 else convenient. To create a tags table file, type
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242 `{\tt etags} {\it input\_files}' as a shell command.
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243 \askip
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244 \key{M-.} find a definition
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245 \key{C-u M-.} find next occurrence of definition
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246 \key{M-*} pop back to where \kbd{M-.} was last invoked
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247 \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} run query-replace on all files
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248 recorded in tags table
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249 \key{M-,} continue last tags search or query-replace
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250
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251 \section{Compiling}
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252
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253 \key{M-x compile} compile code in active window
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254 \key{C-c C-c} go to the next compiler error, when in
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255 the compile window or
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256 \key{C-x `} when in the window with source code
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257
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258 \section{Dired, the Directory Editor}
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259
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260 \key{C-x d} invoke Dired
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261 \key{d} flag this file for deletion
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262 \key{\~{}} flag all backup files for deletion
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263 \key{u} remove deletion flag
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264 \key{x} delete the files flagged for deletion
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265 \key{C} copy file
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266 \key{g} update the Dired buffer
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267 \key{f} visit the file described on the current line
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268 \key{s} switch between alphabetical date/time order
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269
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270 \section{Reading and Sending Mail}
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271
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272 \key{M-x rmail} start reading mail
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273 \key{q} quit reading mail
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274 \key{h} show headers
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275 \key{d} mark the current message for deletion
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276 \key{x} remove all messages marked for deletion
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277
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278 \key{C-x m} begin composing a message
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279 \key{C-c C-c} send the message and switch to another buffer
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280 \key{C-c C-f C-c} move to the `CC' header field, creating one
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281 if there is none
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282
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283 \section{Miscellaneous}
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284
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285 \key{M-q} fill paragraph
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286 \key{M-/} expand previous word dynamically
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287 \key{C-z} iconify (suspend) Emacs when running it under X or
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diff changeset
288 shell, respectively
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289 \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} replace the text being edited with the
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parents:
diff changeset
290 text of the file on disk
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291
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292 \section{Query Replace}
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293
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294 \key{M-\%} interactively search and replace
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295 \key{M-C-\%} using regular expressions
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296 \askip
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297 Valid responses in query-replace mode are
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298 \askip
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299 \key{SPC} replace this one, go on to next
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300 \key{,} replace this one, don't move
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301 \key{DEL} skip to next without replacing
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302 \key{!} replace all remaining matches
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303 \key{\^{}} back up to the previous match
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304 \key{RET} exit query-replace
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305 \key{C-r} enter recursive edit (\kbd{M-C-c} to exit)
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306
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307 \section{Regular Expressions}
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308
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309 \key{. {\rm(dot)}} any single character except a newline
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310 \key{*} zero or more repeats
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311 \key{+} one or more repeats
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312 \key{?} zero or one repeat
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313 \key{[$\ldots$]} denotes a class of character to match
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314 \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} negates the class
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315
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316 \key{\\{\it c}} quote characters otherwise having a special
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317 meaning in regular expressions
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318
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319 \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} matches one of
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320 the alternatives (``or'')
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321 \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groups a series of pattern elements to
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322 a single element
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323 \key{\\{\it n}} same text as {\it n\/}th group
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324
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325 \key{\^{}} matches at line beginning
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326 \key{\$} matches at line end
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327
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328 \key{\\w} matches word-syntax character
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329 \key{\\W} matches non-word-syntax character
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330 \key{\\<} matches at word beginning
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331 \key{\\>} matches at word end
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332 \key{\\b} matches at word break
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333 \key{\\B} matches at non-word break
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334
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335 \section{Registers}
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336
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337 \key{C-x r s} save region in register
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338 \key{C-x r i} insert register contents into buffer
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339
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340 \key{C-x r SPC} save value of point in register
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341 \key{C-x r j} jump to point saved in register
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342
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343 \section{Rectangles}
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344
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345 \key{C-x r r} copy rectangle to register
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346 \key{C-x r k} kill rectangle
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347 \key{C-x r y} yank rectangle
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348 \key{C-x r t} prefix each line with a string
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349
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350 \key{C-x r o} open rectangle, shifting text right
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351 \key{C-x r c} blank out rectangle
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352
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353 \section{Shells}
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354
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355 \key{M-x shell} start a shell within Emacs
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356 \key{M-!} execute a shell command
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357 \key{M-|} run a shell command on the region
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358 \key{C-u M-|} filter region through a shell command
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359
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360 \section{Spelling Check}
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361
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362 \key{M-\$} check spelling of word at the cursor
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363 \mkey{M-x ispell-region} check spelling of all words in region
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364 \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} check spelling of entire buffer
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365
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366 \section{International Character Sets}
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367
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368 \key{C-x RET C-\\} select and activate input method for
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369 the current buffer
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370 \key{C-\\} enable or disable input method
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371 \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} show all input methods
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372 \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} specify principal language
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373
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374 \key{C-x RET c} set coding system for next command
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375 \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visit file with no conversion
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376 of any kind
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377
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378 \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} show all coding systems
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379 \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choose preferred coding system
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380
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381 \section{Keyboard Macros}
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382
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383 \key{C-x (} start defining a keyboard macro
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384 \key{C-x )} end keyboard macro definition
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385 \key{C-x e} execute last-defined keyboard macro
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386 \key{C-u C-x (} append to last keyboard macro
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387 \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} name last keyboard macro
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388
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389 \section{Simple Customization}
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390
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391 \key{M-x customize} customize variables and faces
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392
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393 \section{Getting Help}
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394
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395 Emacs does command completion for you. Typing \kbd{M-x}
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396 {\it tab\/} or {\it space\/} gives a list of Emacs commands.
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397 \askip
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398 \key{C-h} Emacs help
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399 \key{C-h t} run the Emacs tutorial
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400 \key{C-h i} enter Info, the documentation browser
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401 \key{C-h a} show commands matching a string (apropos)
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402 \key{C-h k} display documentation of the function invoked by
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403 keystroke
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404 \askip
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405 Emacs gets into different {\it modes}, each of which customizes
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406 Emacs for editing text of a particular sort. The mode line
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407 contains names of the current modes, in parentheses.
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408 \askip
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409 \key{C-h m} get mode-specific information
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410
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411 \copyrightnotice
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412
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413 \bye
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414
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parents:
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415 % Local variables:
82878
04f46902291b Specify PDF layout, use a PDF `compile-command' local variable.
Michaël Cadilhac <michael.cadilhac@lrde.org>
parents: 82679
diff changeset
416 % compile-command: "pdftex survival"
82679
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417 % End:
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418
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419 % arch-tag: 4f9a0562-617b-4843-aee1-450c41d6b22c