annotate man/faq.texi @ 38177:c6545dffc123

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author Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
date Mon, 25 Jun 2001 10:04:27 +0000
parents 8da84c32ff29
children 14401c0b4b44
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1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
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2 @c %**start of header
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3 @setfilename ../info/efaq
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4 @settitle GNU Emacs FAQ
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5 @c %**end of header
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6
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7 @setchapternewpage odd
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8
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9 @c This is used in many places
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10 @set VER 21.1
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11
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12 @c The @ifinfo stuff only appears in the Info version
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13 @ifinfo
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14 @dircategory Emacs
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15 @direntry
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16 * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs.
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17 @end direntry
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18
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19 Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@*
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20 Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@*
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21 Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@*
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22
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23 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
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24 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
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25 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
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26
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27 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
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28 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved
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29 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to
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30 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the
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31 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information).
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32
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33 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that
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34 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
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35 itself allows free copying and redistribution.
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36
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37 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version
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38 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.]
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39
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40 @end ifinfo
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41
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42 @c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version
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43 @titlepage
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44 @sp 10
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45 @center @titlefont{GNU Emacs FAQ}
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46
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47 @c The following two commands start the copyright page.
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48 @page
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49 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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50 Copyright @copyright{} 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@*
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51 Copyright @copyright{} 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@*
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52 Copyright @copyright{} 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@*
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53
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54 This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
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55 ("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
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56 formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
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57
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58 The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
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59 itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved
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60 translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to
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61 contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the
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62 latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information).
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63
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64 The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that
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65 the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
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66 itself allows free copying and redistribution.
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67
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68 [This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version
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69 (as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.]
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70 @end titlepage
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71
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72 @node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir)
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73
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74 This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}.
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75
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76 The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML,
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77 Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but
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78 surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this
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79 format. If you have any suggestions or questions, please contact
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80 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il, the FAQ maintainers}.
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81
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82 @menu
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83 * FAQ notation::
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84 * General questions::
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85 * Getting help::
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86 * Status of Emacs::
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87 * Common requests::
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88 * Bugs and problems::
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89 * Compiling and installing Emacs::
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90 * Finding Emacs and related packages::
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91 * Major packages and programs::
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92 * Key bindings::
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93 * Alternate character sets::
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94 * Mail and news::
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95 * Concept index::
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96 @end menu
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97
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98 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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99 @node FAQ notation, General questions, Top, Top
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100 @chapter FAQ notation
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101 @cindex FAQ notation
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102
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103 This chapter describes notation used in the GNU Emacs FAQ, as well as in
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104 the Emacs documentation. Consult this section if this is the first time
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105 you are reading the FAQ, or if you are confused by notation or terms
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106 used in the FAQ.
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107
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108 @menu
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109 * Basic keys::
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110 * Extended commands::
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111 * On-line manual::
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112 * File-name conventions::
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113 * Common acronyms::
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114 @end menu
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115
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116 @node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation
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117 @section What do these mean: @kbd{C-h}, @kbd{M-C-a}, @key{RET}, @kbd{@key{ESC} a}, etc.?
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118 @cindex Basic keys
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119 @cindex Control key, notation for
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120 @cindex @key{Meta} key, notation for
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121 @cindex Control-Meta characters, notation for
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122 @cindex @kbd{C-h}, definition of
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123 @cindex @kbd{M-C-h}, definition of
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124 @cindex @key{DEL}, definition of
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125 @cindex @key{ESC}, definition of
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126 @cindex @key{LFD}, definition of
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127 @cindex @key{RET}, definition of
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128 @cindex @key{SPC}, definition of
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129 @cindex @key{TAB}, definition of
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130 @cindex Notation for keys
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131
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132 @itemize @bullet
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133
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134 @item
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135 @kbd{C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Control} key
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136
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137 @item
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138 @kbd{M-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down the @key{Meta} key
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139 (if your computer doesn't have a @key{Meta} key, @pxref{No Meta key})
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140
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141 @item
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142 @kbd{M-C-x}: press the @key{x} key while holding down both @key{Control}
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143 and @key{Meta}
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144
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145 @item
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146 @kbd{C-M-x}: a synonym for the above
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147
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148 @item
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149 @key{LFD}: Linefeed or Newline; same as @kbd{C-j}
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150
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151 @item
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152 @key{RET}: @key{Return}, sometimes marked @key{Enter}; same as @kbd{C-m}
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153
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154 @item
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155 @key{DEL}: @key{Delete}, usually @strong{not} the same as
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156 @key{Backspace}; same as @kbd{C-?} (see @ref{Backspace invokes help}, if
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157 deleting invokes Emacs help)
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158
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159 @item
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160 @key{ESC}: Escape; same as @kbd{C-[}
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161
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162 @item
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163 @key{TAB}: Tab; same as @kbd{C-i}
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164
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165 @item
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166 @key{SPC}: Space bar
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167
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168 @end itemize
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169
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170 Key sequences longer than one key (and some single-key sequences) are
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171 written inside quotes or on lines by themselves, like this:
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172
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173 @display
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174 @kbd{M-x frobnicate-while-foo RET}
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175 @end display
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176
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177 @noindent
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178 Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC}
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179 really means press the space key.
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180
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181 The ASCII code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value
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182 that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for
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183 upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux
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184 terminals, the ASCII code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the
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185 ASCII code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially,
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186 @key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit
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187 7@footnote{
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188 DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is
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189 pressed.}.
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190
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191 @kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call
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192 @kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON.
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193 Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate ASCII code 127.
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194
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195 @inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys,
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196 Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more
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197 information about Info.)
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198
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199 @node Extended commands, On-line manual, Basic keys, FAQ notation
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200 @section What does @file{M-x @var{command}} mean?
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201 @cindex Extended commands
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202 @cindex Commands, extended
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203 @cindex M-x, meaning of
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204
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205 @kbd{M-x @var{command}} means type @kbd{M-x}, then type the name of the
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206 command, then type @key{RET}. (@xref{Basic keys}, if you're not sure
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207 what @kbd{M-x} and @key{RET} mean.)
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208
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209 @kbd{M-x} (by default) invokes the command
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210 @code{execute-extended-command}. This command allows you to run any
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211 Emacs command if you can remember the command's name. If you can't
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212 remember the command's name, you can type @key{TAB} and @key{SPC} for
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213 completion, @key{?} for a list of possibilities, and @kbd{M-p} and
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214 @kbd{M-n} (or up-arrow and down-arrow on terminals that have these
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215 editing keys) to see previous commands entered. An Emacs @dfn{command}
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216 is an @dfn{interactive} Emacs function.
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217
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218 @cindex @key{Do} key
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219 Your system administrator may have bound other key sequences to invoke
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220 @code{execute-extended-command}. A function key labeled @kbd{Do} is a
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221 good candidate for this, on keyboards that have such a key.
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222
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223 If you need to run non-interactive Emacs functions, see @ref{Evaluating
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224 Emacs Lisp code}.
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225
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226 @node On-line manual, File-name conventions, Extended commands, FAQ notation
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227 @section How do I read topic XXX in the on-line manual?
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228 @cindex On-line manual, reading topics in
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229 @cindex Reading topics in the on-line manual
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230 @cindex Finding topics in the on-line manual
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231 @cindex Info, finding topics in
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232
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233 When we refer you to some @var{topic} in the on-line manual, you can
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234 read this manual node inside Emacs (assuming nothing is broken) by
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235 typing @kbd{C-h i m emacs @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET}}.
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236
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237 This invokes Info, the GNU hypertext documentation browser. If you don't
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238 already know how to use Info, type @key{?} from within Info.
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239
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240 If we refer to @var{topic}:@var{subtopic}, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
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241 @key{RET} m @var{topic} @key{RET} m @var{subtopic} @key{RET}}.
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242
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243 If these commands don't work as expected, your system administrator may
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244 not have installed the Info files, or may have installed them
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245 improperly. In this case you should complain.
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246
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247 @xref{Getting a printed manual}, if you would like a paper copy of the
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248 Emacs manual.
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249
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250 @node File-name conventions, Common acronyms, On-line manual, FAQ notation
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251 @section What are @file{etc/SERVICE}, @file{src/config.h}, and @file{lisp/default.el}?
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252 @cindex File-name conventions
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253 @cindex Conventions for file names
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254 @cindex Directories and files that come with Emacs
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255
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256 These are files that come with Emacs. The Emacs distribution is divided
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257 into subdirectories; the important ones are @file{etc}, @file{lisp}, and
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258 @file{src}.
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259
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260 If you use Emacs, but don't know where it is kept on your system, start
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261 Emacs, then type @kbd{C-h v data-directory @key{RET}}. The directory
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262 name displayed by this will be the full pathname of the installed
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263 @file{etc} directory. (This full path is recorded in the Emacs variable
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264 @code{data-directory}, and @kbd{C-h v} displays the value and the
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265 documentation of a variable.)
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266
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267 The location of your Info directory (i.e., where on-line documentation
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268 is stored) is kept in the variable @code{Info-default-directory-list}. Use
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269 @kbd{C-h v Info-default-directory-list @key{RET}} to see the value of
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270 this variable, which will be a list of directory names. The last
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271 directory in that list is probably where most Info files are stored. By
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272 default, Info documentation is placed in @file{/usr/local/info}.
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273
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274 Some of these files are available individually via FTP or e-mail; see
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275 @ref{Informational files for Emacs}. They all are available in the
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276 source distribution. Many of the files in the @file{etc} directory are
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277 also available via the Emacs @samp{Help} menu, or by typing @kbd{C-h ?}
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278 (@kbd{M-x help-for-help}).
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279
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280 Your system administrator may have removed the @file{src} directory and
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281 many files from the @file{etc} directory.
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282
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283 @node Common acronyms, , File-name conventions, FAQ notation
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284 @section What are FSF, LPF, OSF, GNU, RMS, FTP, and GPL?
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285 @cindex FSF, definition of
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286 @cindex LPF, definition of
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287 @cindex OSF, definition of
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288 @cindex GNU, definition of
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289 @cindex RMS, definition of
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290 @cindex Stallman, Richard, acronym for
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291 @cindex Richard Stallman, acronym for
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292 @cindex FTP, definition of
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293 @cindex GPL, definition of
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294 @cindex Acronyms, definitions for
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295 @cindex Common acronyms, definitions for
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296
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297 @table @asis
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298
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299 @item FSF
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300 Free Software Foundation
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301
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302 @item LPF
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303 League for Programming Freedom
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304
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305 @item OSF
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306 Open Software Foundation
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307
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308 @item GNU
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309 GNU's Not Unix
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310
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311 @item RMS
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312 Richard Matthew Stallman
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313
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314 @item FTP
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315 File Transfer Protocol
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316
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317 @item GPL
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318 GNU General Public License
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319
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320 @end table
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321
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322 Avoid confusing the FSF, the LPF, and the OSF. The LPF opposes
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323 look-and-feel copyrights and software patents. The FSF aims to make
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324 high quality free software available for everyone. The OSF is a
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325 consortium of computer vendors which develops commercial software for
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326 Unix systems.
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327
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328 The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to
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329 ``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for
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330 GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the
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331 freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always
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332 get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has
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333 the right to resell or give away GPL-covered software.
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334
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335 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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336 @node General questions, Getting help, FAQ notation, Top
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337 @chapter General questions
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338 @cindex General questions
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339
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340 This chapter contains general questions having to do with Emacs, the
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341 Free Software Foundation, and related organizations.
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342
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343 @menu
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344 * The LPF::
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345 * Real meaning of copyleft::
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346 * Guidelines for newsgroup postings::
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347 * Newsgroup archives::
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348 * Reporting bugs::
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349 * Unsubscribing from Emacs lists::
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350 * Contacting the FSF::
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351 @end menu
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352
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353 @node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions
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354 @section What is the LPF?
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355 @cindex LPF, description of
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356 @cindex League for Programming Freedom
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357 @cindex Software patents, opposition to
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358 @cindex Patents for software, opposition to
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359
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360 The LPF opposes the expanding danger of software patents and
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361 look-and-feel copyrights. To get more information, feel free to contact
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362 the LPF via e-mail or otherwise. You may also contact
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363 @email{jbw@@cs.bu.edu, Joe Wells}; he will be happy to talk to you
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364 about the LPF.
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365
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366 You can find more information about the LPF in the file @file{etc/LPF}.
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367 More papers describing the LPF's views are available on the Internet and
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368 also from @uref{http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/, the LPF home page}.
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369
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370 @node Real meaning of copyleft, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, The LPF, General questions
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371 @section What is the real legal meaning of the GNU copyleft?
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372 @cindex Copyleft, real meaning of
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373 @cindex GPL, real meaning of
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374 @cindex General Public License, real meaning of
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375 @cindex Discussion of the GPL
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376
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377 The real legal meaning of the GNU General Public License (copyleft) will
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378 only be known if and when a judge rules on its validity and scope.
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379 There has never been a copyright infringement case involving the GPL to
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380 set any precedents. Please take any discussion regarding this issue to
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381 the newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss}, which was created to hold the
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382 extensive flame wars on the subject.
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383
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384 RMS writes:
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385
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386 @quotation
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387 The legal meaning of the GNU copyleft is less important than the spirit,
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388 which is that Emacs is a free software project and that work pertaining
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389 to Emacs should also be free software. ``Free'' means that all users
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390 have the freedom to study, share, change and improve Emacs. To make
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391 sure everyone has this freedom, pass along source code when you
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392 distribute any version of Emacs or a related program, and give the
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393 recipients the same freedom that you enjoyed.
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394 @end quotation
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395
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396 @node Guidelines for newsgroup postings, Newsgroup archives, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions
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397 @section What are appropriate messages for @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}, @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, @uref{news:comp.emacs}, etc.?
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398 @cindex Newsgroups, appropriate messages for
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399 @cindex GNU newsgroups, appropriate messages for
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400 @cindex Usenet groups, appropriate messages for
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401 @cindex Mailing lists, appropriate messages for
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402 @cindex Posting messages to newsgroups
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403
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404 @cindex GNU mailing lists
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405 The file @file{etc/MAILINGLISTS} describes the purpose of each GNU
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406 mailing list. (@xref{Informational files for Emacs}, if you want a copy
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407 of the file.) For those lists which are gatewayed with newsgroups, it
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408 lists both the newsgroup name and the mailing list address.
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409
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410 The newsgroup @uref{news:comp.emacs} is for discussion of Emacs programs
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411 in general. This includes Emacs along with various other
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412 implementations, such as XEmacs, JOVE, MicroEmacs, Freemacs, MG,
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413 Unipress, CCA, and Epsilon.
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414
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415 Many people post Emacs questions to @uref{news:comp.emacs} because they
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416 don't receive any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups. Arguments have been
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417 made both for and against posting GNU-Emacs-specific material to
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418 @uref{news:comp.emacs}. You have to decide for yourself.
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419
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420 Messages advocating ``non-free'' software are considered unacceptable on
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421 any of the @code{gnu.*} newsgroups except for @uref{news:gnu.misc.discuss},
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422 which was created to hold the extensive flame-wars on the subject.
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423 ``Non-free'' software includes any software for which the end user can't
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424 freely modify the source code and exchange enhancements. Be careful to
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425 remove the @code{gnu.*} groups from the @samp{Newsgroups:} line when
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426 posting a followup that recommends such software.
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427
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428 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug} is a place where bug reports appear, but avoid
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429 posting bug reports to this newsgroup directly (@pxref{Reporting bugs}).
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430
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431 @node Newsgroup archives, Reporting bugs, Guidelines for newsgroup postings, General questions
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432 @section Where can I get old postings to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and other GNU groups?
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433 @cindex Archived postings from @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}
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434 @cindex Usenet archives for GNU groups
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435 @cindex Old Usenet postings for GNU groups
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436
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437 The FSF has maintained archives of all of the GNU mailing lists for many
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438 years, although there may be some unintentional gaps in coverage. The
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439 archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve
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440 individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there.
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441
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442 The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}.
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443
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444 As of this writing, the archives are not yet working.
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445
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446 Web-based Usenet search services, such as
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447 @uref{http://www.dejanews.com, DejaNews}, also archive the
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448 @code{gnu.*} groups.
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449
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450 @node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions
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451 @section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs?
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452 @cindex Bug reporting
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453 @cindex Good bug reports
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454 @cindex How to submit a bug report
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455 @cindex Reporting bugs
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456
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457 The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to
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458 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the
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459 newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of
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460 news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address
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461 so you can be contacted for further details.
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462
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463 Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting
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464 a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a
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465 useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the
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466 manual.)
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467
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468 RMS says:
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469
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470 @quotation
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471 Sending bug reports to @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} (which has the
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472 effect of posting on @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}) is undesirable because
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473 it takes the time of an unnecessarily large group of people, most of
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474 whom are just users and have no idea how to fix these problem.
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475 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} reaches a much smaller group of people
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476 who are more likely to know what to do and have expressed a wish to
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477 receive more messages about Emacs than the others.
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478 @end quotation
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479
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480 RMS says it is sometimes fine to post to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help}:
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481
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482 @quotation
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483 If you have reported a bug and you don't hear about a possible fix,
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484 then after a suitable delay (such as a week) it is okay to post on
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485 @code{gnu.emacs.help} asking if anyone can help you.
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486 @end quotation
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487
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488 If you are unsure whether you have found a bug, consider the following
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489 non-exhaustive list, courtesy of RMS:
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490
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491 @quotation
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492 If Emacs crashes, that is a bug. If Emacs gets compilation errors
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493 while building, that is a bug. If Emacs crashes while building, that
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494 is a bug. If Lisp code does not do what the documentation says it
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495 does, that is a bug.
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496 @end quotation
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497
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498 @node Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Contacting the FSF, Reporting bugs, General questions
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499 @section How do I unsubscribe from this mailing list?
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500 @cindex Unsubscribing from GNU mailing lists
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501 @cindex Removing yourself from GNU mailing lists
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502
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503 If you are receiving a GNU mailing list named @var{list}, you might be
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diff changeset
504 able to unsubscribe from it by sending a request to the address
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505 @email{@var{list}-request@@gnu.org}. However, this will not work if you are
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506 not listed on the main mailing list, but instead receive the mail from a
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507 distribution point. In that case, you will have to track down at which
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508 distribution point you are listed. Inspecting the @samp{Received} headers
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509 on the mail messages may help, along with liberal use of the @samp{EXPN} or
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510 @samp{VRFY} sendmail commands through @samp{telnet @var{site-address}
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511 smtp}. Ask your postmaster for help, if you cannot figure out these
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512 details.
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513
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514 @node Contacting the FSF, , Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, General questions
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515 @section What is the current address of the FSF?
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516 @cindex Snail mail address of the FSF
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517 @cindex Postal address of the FSF
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diff changeset
518 @cindex Contracting the FSF
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519 @cindex Free Software Foundation, contacting
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520
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521 @table @asis
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522
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523 @item E-mail
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524 gnu@@gnu.org
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525
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526 @item Telephone
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527 +1-617-542-5942
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528
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529 @item Fax
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530 +1-617-542-2652
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531
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532 @item World Wide Web
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533 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/}
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534
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535 @item Postal address
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536 Free Software Foundation@*
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537 59 Temple Place - Suite 330@*
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538 Boston, MA 02111-1307@*
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539 USA@*
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540
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541 @end table
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542
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543 @cindex Ordering GNU software
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544 For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the
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545 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}, and also the
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546 files @file{etc/ORDERS}, @file{ORDERS.EUROPE}, and @file{ORDERS.JAPAN}.
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547
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548 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
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549 @node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top
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diff changeset
550 @chapter Getting help
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551 @cindex Getting help
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552
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553 This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs
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554
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555 @menu
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556 * Basic editing::
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557 * Learning how to do something::
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558 * Getting a printed manual::
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559 * Emacs Lisp documentation::
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560 * Installing Texinfo documentation::
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561 * Printing a Texinfo file::
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562 * Viewing Info files outside of Emacs::
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563 * Informational files for Emacs::
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564 * Help installing Emacs::
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565 * Obtaining the FAQ::
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diff changeset
566 @end menu
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567
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568 @node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help
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parents:
diff changeset
569 @section I'm just starting Emacs; how do I do basic editing?
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570 @cindex Basic editing with Emacs
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diff changeset
571 @cindex Beginning editing
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diff changeset
572 @cindex Tutorial, invoking the
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diff changeset
573 @cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the
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parents:
diff changeset
574 @cindex Help system, entering the
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diff changeset
575
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diff changeset
576 Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h}
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parents:
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577 enters the help system.
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578
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diff changeset
579 Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like
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diff changeset
580 @key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x
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parents:
diff changeset
581 help-for-help} instead to invoke help. To discover what key (if any)
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parents:
diff changeset
582 invokes help on your system, type @kbd{M-x where-is @key{RET}
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parents:
diff changeset
583 help-for-help @key{RET}}. This will print a comma-separated list of key
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parents:
diff changeset
584 sequences in the echo area. Ignore the last character in each key
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parents:
diff changeset
585 sequence listed. Each of the resulting key sequences invokes help.
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586
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diff changeset
587 Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value
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diff changeset
588 should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}.
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diff changeset
589
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590 There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also
34741
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591 relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at
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592
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diff changeset
593 @uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html}
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diff changeset
594
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diff changeset
595 @node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help
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parents:
diff changeset
596 @section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs?
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parents:
diff changeset
597 @cindex Help for Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
598 @cindex Learning to do something in Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
599 @cindex Reference card for Emacs
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parents:
diff changeset
600 @cindex Overview of help systems
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parents:
diff changeset
601
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diff changeset
602 There are several methods for finding out how to do things in Emacs.
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diff changeset
603
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diff changeset
604 @itemize @bullet
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diff changeset
605
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diff changeset
606 @cindex Reading the Emacs manual
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607 @item
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608 The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info
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diff changeset
609 hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h}
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parents:
diff changeset
610 immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to
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parents:
diff changeset
611 use it.
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diff changeset
612
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diff changeset
613 @cindex Lookup a subject in a manual
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
614 @cindex Index search in a manual
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
615 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff changeset
616 To quickly locate the section of the manual which discusses a certain
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
617 issue, or describes a command or a variable, type @kbd{C-h i m emacs
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diff changeset
618 @key{RET} i @var{topic} @key{RET}}, where @var{topic} is the name of the
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
619 topic, the command, or the variable which you are looking for. If this
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diff changeset
620 does not land you on the right place in the manual, press @kbd{,}
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
621 (comma) repeatedly until you find what you need. (The @kbd{i} and
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diff changeset
622 @kbd{,} keys invoke the index-searching functions, which look for the
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
623 @var{topic} you type in all the indices of the Emacs manual.)
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diff changeset
624
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diff changeset
625 @cindex Apropos
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diff changeset
626 @item
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diff changeset
627 You can list all of the commands whose names contain a certain word
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
628 (actually which match a regular expression) using @kbd{C-h a} (@kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
629 command-apropos}).
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diff changeset
630
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diff changeset
631 @cindex Command description in the manual
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diff changeset
632 @item
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633 The command @kbd{C-h C-f} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
634 for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
635 Emacs manual where that command is described.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff changeset
636
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diff changeset
637 @cindex Finding commands and variables
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diff changeset
638 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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diff changeset
639 You can list all of the functions and variables whose names contain a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
640 certain word using @kbd{M-x apropos}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
641
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diff changeset
642 @item
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diff changeset
643 You can list all of the functions and variables whose documentation
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
644 matches a regular expression or a string, using @kbd{M-x
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
645 apropos-documentation}.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
646
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647 @item
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diff changeset
648 You can order a hardcopy of the manual from the FSF. @xref{Getting a
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parents:
diff changeset
649 printed manual}.
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parents:
diff changeset
650
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diff changeset
651 @cindex Reference cards, in other languages
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diff changeset
652 @item
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diff changeset
653 You can get a printed reference card listing commands and keys to
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diff changeset
654 invoke them. You can order one from the FSF for $1 (or 10 for $5),
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diff changeset
655 or you can print your own from the @file{etc/refcard.tex} or
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diff changeset
656 @file{etc/refcard.ps} files in the Emacs distribution. Beginning with
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
657 version 21.1, the Emacs distribution comes with translations of the
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
658 reference card into several languages; look for files named
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
659 @file{etc/@var{lang}-refcard.*}, where @var{lang} is a two-letter code
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
660 of the language. For example, the German version of the reference card
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
661 is in the files @file{etc/de-refcard.tex} and @file{etc/de-refcard.ps}.
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diff changeset
662
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diff changeset
663 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
664 There are many other commands in Emacs for getting help and
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parents:
diff changeset
665 information. To get a list of these commands, type @samp{?} after
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parents:
diff changeset
666 @kbd{C-h}.
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 @node Getting a printed manual, Emacs Lisp documentation, Learning how to do something, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 @section How do I get a printed copy of the Emacs manual?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 @cindex Printed Emacs manual, obtaining
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 @cindex Manual, obtaining a printed copy of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 @cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed copy of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
677 details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
678 and the file @file{etc/ORDERS}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
679
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
680 @c The number 620 below is version-dependent!
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
681 The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 directory of the Emacs distribution, if you're daring enough to try to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
683 print out this 620-page manual yourself (@pxref{Printing a Texinfo
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 file}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687 you can get a PostScript version from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
689 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz}
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
690
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
691 An HTML version of the manual is at
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
692
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
693 @uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html}
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
694
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
695 @xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 @node Emacs Lisp documentation, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting a printed manual, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 @section Where can I get documentation on Emacs Lisp?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 @cindex Documentation on Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 @cindex Function documentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 @cindex Variable documentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 @cindex Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 @cindex Reference manual for Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705 Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
708 For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
709 on ordering it from FSF are on the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
710 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} and in the file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
711 @file{etc/ORDERS}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
713 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 files) is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
717 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
718
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
719 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
720 distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
721 to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
722 to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
723
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
724 An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
725
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
726 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
728 @node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 @section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 @cindex Texinfo documentation, installing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
731 @cindex Installing Texinfo documentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
732 @cindex New Texinfo files, installing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 @cindex Documentation, installing new Texinfo files
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
734 @cindex Info files, how to install
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 First, you must turn the Texinfo files into Info files. You may do this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
737 using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
738 Texinfo package at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
739
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
740 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
742 and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
743 distributions}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
744
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
745 For information about the Texinfo format, read the Texinfo manual which
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
746 comes with the Texinfo package. This manual also comes installed in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
747 Info format, so you can read it on-line; type @kbd{C-h i m texinfo
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
748 @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
749
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
750 Alternatively, you could use the Emacs command @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
751 texinfo-format-buffer}, after visiting the Texinfo source file of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
752 manual you want to convert.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 Neither @code{texinfo-format-buffer} nor @file{makeinfo} installs the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
755 resulting Info files in Emacs's Info tree. To install Info files,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
756 perform these steps:
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758 @enumerate
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
759 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
760 Move the files to the @file{info} directory in the installed Emacs
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
761 distribution. @xref{File-name conventions}, if you don't know where that
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
762 is.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
763
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
764 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
765 Run the @code{install-info} command, which is part of the Texinfo
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
766 distribution, to update the main Info directory menu, like this:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
767
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
768 @example
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
769 install-info --info-dir=@var{dir-path} @var{dir-path}/@var{file}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
770 @end example
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
771
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
772 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
773 where @var{dir-path} is the full path to the directory where you copied
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
774 the produced Info file(s), and @var{file} is the name of the Info file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
775 you produced and want to install.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
776
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
777 If you don't have the @code{install-info} command installed, you can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
778 edit the file @file{info/dir} in the installed Emacs distribution, and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
779 add a line for the top level node in the Info package that you are
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
780 installing. Follow the examples already in this file. The format is:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
782 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 * Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
784 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 @end enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
787
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 privileges, you have several options:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
791 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
793 Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
794 can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
795 pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
796 parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
797 example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
798 directory, you can type this:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
800 @example
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
801 @kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}}
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
802 @end example
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
803
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
804 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
805 You can create your own Info directory. You can tell Emacs where that
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
806 Info directory is by adding its pathname to the value of the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
807 @code{Info-default-directory-list}. For example, to use a private Info
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
808 directory which is a subdirectory of your home directory named @file{Info},
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
809 you could put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
810
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
811 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
812 (setq Info-default-directory-list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
813 (cons "~/Info" Info-default-directory-list))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
814 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
815
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
816 You will need a top-level Info file named @file{dir} in this directory
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
817 which has everything the system @file{dir} file has in it, except it should
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
818 list only entries for Info files in that directory. You might not need
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
819 it if all files in this directory were referenced by other @file{dir}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
820 files. The node lists from all @file{dir} files in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
821 @code{Info-default-directory-list} are merged by the Info system.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
822
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
823 @end itemize
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
824
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
825 @node Printing a Texinfo file, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Installing Texinfo documentation, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
826 @section How do I print a Texinfo file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
827 @cindex Printing a Texinfo file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
828 @cindex Texinfo file, printing
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
829 @cindex Printing documentation
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
830
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
831 You can't get nicely printed output from Info files; you must still have
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
832 the original Texinfo source file for the manual you want to print.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
833
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
834 Assuming you have @TeX{} installed on your system, follow these steps:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
835
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
836 @enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
837
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
838 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
839 Make sure the first line of the Texinfo file looks like this:
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
841 @example
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
842 \input texinfo
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
843 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
844
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
845 You may need to change @samp{texinfo} to the full pathname of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
846 @file{texinfo.tex} file, which comes with Emacs as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
847 @file{man/texinfo.tex} (or copy or link it into the current directory).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
848
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
849 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
850 Type @kbd{texi2dvi @var{texinfo-source}}, where @var{texinfo-source} is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
851 the name of the Texinfo source file for which you want to produce a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
852 printed copy.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
853
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
854 The @samp{texi2dvi} script is part of the GNU Texinfo distribution
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
855 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
856
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
857 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
858 Print the DVI file @file{@var{texinfo-source}.dvi} in the normal way for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
859 printing DVI files at your site. For example, if you have a PostScript
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
860 printer, run the @code{dvips} program to print the DVI file on that
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
861 printer.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 @end enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 To get more general instructions, retrieve the latest Texinfo package
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
866 (@pxref{Installing Texinfo documentation}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 @node Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Informational files for Emacs, Printing a Texinfo file, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869 @section Can I view Info files without using Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 @cindex Viewing Info files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 @cindex Info file viewers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 @cindex Alternative Info file viewers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 Yes. Here are some alternative programs:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
878 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
879 @code{info}, a stand-alone version of the Info program, comes as part of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
880 the Texinfo package. @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
881 details.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
882
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
883 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
884 Xinfo, a stand-alone version of the Info program that runs under X
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
885 Window system. You can get it at
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/xinfo/xinfo-1.01.01.tar.gz} and all
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
887 mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
888 list of mirrors).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
889
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
890 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
891 Tkinfo, an Info viewer that runs under X Window system and uses Tcl/Tk.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
892 You can get Tkinfo at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
893 @uref{http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/tkinfo/}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 @node Informational files for Emacs, Help installing Emacs, Viewing Info files outside of Emacs, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 @section What informational files are available for Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899 @cindex Informational files included with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 @cindex Files included with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 @cindex @file{COPYING}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 @cindex @file{DISTRIB}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 @cindex @file{FTP}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904 @cindex @file{GNU}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 @cindex @file{INTERVIEW}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 @cindex @file{LPF}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907 @cindex @file{MACHINES}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 @cindex @file{MAILINGLISTS}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 @cindex @file{NEWS}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 @cindex @file{SERVICE}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @cindex @file{SUN-SUPPORT}, description of file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 This isn't a frequently asked question, but it should be! A variety of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 informational files about Emacs and relevant aspects of the GNU project
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 are available for you to read.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917 The following files are available in the @file{etc} directory of the
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
918 Emacs distribution (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're not sure
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
919 where that is).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 @table @file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
922
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 @item COPYING
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 Emacs General Public License
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 @item DISTRIB
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927 Emacs Availability Information, including the popular "Free Software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 Foundation Order Form"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 @item FTP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933 @item GNU
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 The GNU Manifesto
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 @item INTERVIEW
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain UNIX-compatible software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 system with BYTE editors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940 @item LPF
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
941 Why you should join the League for Programming Freedom
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 @item MACHINES
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944 Status of Emacs on Various Machines and Systems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 @item MAILINGLISTS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 GNU Project Electronic Mailing Lists
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 @item NEWS
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
950 Emacs news, a history of recent user-visible changes
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 @item SERVICE
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
953 GNU Service Directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
954
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
955 @item SUN-SUPPORT
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
956 including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
957
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
958 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
959
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
960 Latest versions of the above files also available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
961
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
962 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
963
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
964 More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
965 Bulletin}, are at
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
966
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
967 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bulletins.html} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
968
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
969 @uref{http://www.cs.pdx.edu/~trent/gnu/gnu.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
970
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 @node Help installing Emacs, Obtaining the FAQ, Informational files for Emacs, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972 @section Where can I get help in installing Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 @cindex Installation help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 @cindex Help installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
975
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
976 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for some basic installation hints, and see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
977 @ref{Problems building Emacs}, or @ref{Linking with -lX11 fails}, if you
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
978 have problems with the installation.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
979
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
980 The file @file{etc/SERVICE} (see @ref{File-name conventions}, if you're
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
981 not sure where that is) lists companies and individuals willing to sell
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
982 you help in installing or using Emacs. An up-to-date version this file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
983 is available on @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (@pxref{Informational files for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
984 Emacs}).
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 @node Obtaining the FAQ, , Help installing Emacs, Getting help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 @section Where can I get the latest version of this FAQ?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 @cindex FAQ, obtaining the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 @cindex Latest FAQ version, obtaining the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990 @cindex Retrieving the latest FAQ version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 @cindex E-mail, retrieving the FAQ via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @cindex Web, reading the FAQ on the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 The Emacs FAQ is available in several ways:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
997
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parents:
diff changeset
998 @item
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13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
999 Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1000 FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1001 of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h F} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}).
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 news spool, in both the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 @uref{news:comp.emacs} newsgroups. Every news reader should allow you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007 to read any news article that is still in the news spool, even if you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 have read the article before. You may need to read the instructions for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 your news reader to discover how to do this. In @file{rn}, this command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 will do this for you at the article selection level:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 ?GNU Emacs Frequently Asked Questions?rc:m
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1014 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1015
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1016 In Gnus, you should type @kbd{C-u C-x C-s} from the @file{*Summary*}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1017 buffer or @kbd{C-u @key{SPC}} from the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer to view
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1018 all articles in a newsgroup.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
1020 If the FAQ articles have expired and have been deleted from your news
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1021 spool, it might (or might not) do some good to complain to your news
25474
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parents:
diff changeset
1022 administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1023 while.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1024
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
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parents: 34151
diff changeset
1025 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1026 Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ from
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1027
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1028 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1029
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1030 @uref{ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1031
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1032 @item
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1033 In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1034 of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1035 @file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}).
25474
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parents:
diff changeset
1036
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040 @uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1041
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1042 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1043 Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1045 news.answers. The Emacs FAQs are available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1046
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1047 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1048
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1049 @uref{ftp://ftp.uni-paderborn.de/pub/doc/FAQ/comp/emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1050
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1051 If you do not have access to anonymous FTP, you can access the archives
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1052 using the @file{rtfm.mit.edu} mail server. The Emacs FAQ can be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1053 retrieved by sending mail to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu} with a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1054 blank subject and containing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1055
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1056 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1057 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/diffs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1058 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part1
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1059 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part2
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1060 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part3
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1061 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part4
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1062 send usenet/news.answers/GNU-Emacs-FAQ/part5
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1063 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1064
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1065 For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1066 with "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1067
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1068 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1069 As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1070 @email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il}. Don't do this unless you have made a
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1071 good-faith effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1072 above.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1073
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 @node Status of Emacs, Common requests, Getting help, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 @chapter Status of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 @cindex Status of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1080
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1081 This chapter gives you basic information about Emacs, including its
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1082 latest version status.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085 * Origin of the term Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1086 * Latest version of Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 * New in Emacs 20::
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1088 * New in Emacs 21::
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1090
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1091 @node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1092 @section Where does the name ``Emacs'' come from?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1093 @cindex Origin of the term ``Emacs''
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1094 @cindex Emacs name origin
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1095 @cindex TECO
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 @cindex Original version of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1097
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1098 Emacs originally was an acronym for Editor MACroS. RMS says he ``picked
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 the name Emacs because @key{E} was not in use as an abbreviation on ITS at
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1100 the time.'' The first Emacs was a set of macros written in 1976 at MIT
25474
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parents:
diff changeset
1101 by RMS for the editor TECO (Text Editor and COrrector, originally Tape
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1102 Editor and COrrector) under ITS on a PDP-10. RMS had already extended
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1103 TECO with a ``real-time'' full-screen mode with reprogrammable keys.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 Emacs was started by @email{gls@@east.sun.com, Guy Steele} as a project
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1105 to unify the many divergent TECO command sets and key bindings at MIT,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106 and completed by RMS.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1107
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1108 Many people have said that TECO code looks a lot like line noise; you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1109 can read more at @uref{news:alt.lang.teco}. Someone has written a TECO
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1110 implementation in Emacs Lisp (to find it, see @ref{Packages that do not
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1111 come with Emacs}); it would be an interesting project to run the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1112 original TECO Emacs inside of Emacs.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1113
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1114 @cindex Why Emacs?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1115 For some not-so-serious alternative reasons for Emacs to have that
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1116 name, check out the file @file{etc/JOKES} (@pxref{File-name
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1117 conventions}).
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 @node Latest version of Emacs, New in Emacs 20, Origin of the term Emacs, Status of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 @section What is the latest version of Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 @cindex Version, latest
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1122 @cindex Latest version of Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1123
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1124 Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1125
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1126 @node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 @section What is different about Emacs 20?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 @cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 @cindex Emacs 20, new features in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h n}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133 the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 the top.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 The differences between Emacs versions 18 and 19 was rather dramatic;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 the introduction of frames, faces, and colors on windowing systems was
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 obvious to even the most casual user.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1140 There are differences between Emacs versions 19 and 20 as well, but many
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 are more subtle or harder to find. Among the changes are the inclusion
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1142 of MULE code for languages that use non-Latin characters and for mixing
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1143 several languages in the same document; the ``Customize'' facility for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1144 modifying variables without having to use Lisp; and automatic conversion
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1145 of files from Macintosh, Microsoft, and Unix platforms.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1146
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 A number of older Lisp packages, such as Gnus, Supercite and the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148 calendar/diary, have been updated and enhanced to work with Emacs 20,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1149 and are now included with the standard distribution.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1152 @node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1153 @section What is different about Emacs 21?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1154 @cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1155 @cindex Emacs 21, new features in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1156 @cindex Recently introduced features
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1157
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1158 @cindex Variable-size fonts
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1159 @cindex Toolbar support
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1160 Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1161 display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1162 on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearence of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1163 Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1164 modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1165 the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1166 (a.k.a.@: balloon help), and other niceties.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1167
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
1168 @cindex Colors on text-only terminals
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1169 @cindex TTY colors
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
1170 In addition, Emacs 21 supports faces on text-only terminals. This means
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1171 that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1172 and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1173
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 @node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 @chapter Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 @cindex Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1179 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1180 * Setting up a customization file::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1181 * Debugging a customization file::
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1182 * Colors on a TTY::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 * Displaying the current line or column::
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1184 * Displaying the current file name in the titlebar::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 * Turning on abbrevs by default::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 * Turning on auto-fill by default::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 * Associating modes with files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 * Working with unprintable characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 * Highlighting a region::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190 * Controlling case sensitivity::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1191 * Wrapping words automatically::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1192 * Spell-checkers::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 * Checking TeX and *roff documents::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 * Changing load-path::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195 * Using an already running Emacs process::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 * Compiler error messages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 * Indenting switch statements::
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1198 * Customizing C and C++ indentation::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199 * Horizontal scrolling::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1200 * Overwrite mode::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 * Turning off beeping::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 * Turning the volume down::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 * Automatic indentation::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 * Matching parentheses::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 * Hiding #ifdef lines::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 * Repeating commands::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207 * Valid X resources::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1208 * Evaluating Emacs Lisp code::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 * Changing the length of a Tab::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1210 * Inserting > at the beginning of each line::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 * Underlining paragraphs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 * Repeating a command as many times as possible::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 * Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214 * Forcing Emacs to iconify itself::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 * Using regular expressions::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 * Replacing text across multiple files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 * Documentation for etags::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1218 * Disabling backups::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219 * Disabling auto-save-mode::
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
1220 * Going to a line by number::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 * Modifying pull-down menus::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 * Deleting menus and menu options::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 * Turning on syntax highlighting::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1224 * Scrolling only one line::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 * Replacing highlighted text::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226 * Editing MS-DOS files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 * Filling paragraphs with a single space::
35651
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
1228 * Escape sequences in shell output::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1231 @node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232 @section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 @cindex Init file, setting up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 @cindex Customization file, setting up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237 @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239 In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242 documented.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1244 Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1245 facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1246 This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1247 @file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1248 rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1249 writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1250
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1251 While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1253 @file{.emacs} directly. Simple configuration options are described
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1257 @node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1258 @section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1259 @cindex Colors on a TTY
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1260 @cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1261 @cindex Console, colors
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1262
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1263 As of Emacs 21.1, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode,
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
1264 i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1265 invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1266 supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1267 detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1268 that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1269 @code{termcap} entry for your display type for color-related
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1270 capabilities.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1271
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1272 The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1273 exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1274
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1275 Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1276 on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1277
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1278 @node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 @section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281 @cindex @file{.emacs} debugging
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 @cindex Init file debugging
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1283 @cindex @samp{-debug-init} option
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1284
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1285 Start Emacs with the @samp{-debug-init} command-line option. This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1286 enables the Emacs Lisp debugger before evaluating your @file{.emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1287 file, and places you in the debugger if something goes wrong. The top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1288 line in the @file{trace-back} buffer will be the error message, and the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1289 second or third line of that buffer will display the Lisp code from your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1290 @file{.emacs} file that caused the problem.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 You can also evaluate an individual function or argument to a function
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293 in your @file{.emacs} file by moving the cursor to the end of the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 function or argument and typing @kbd{C-x C-e} (@kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 eval-last-sexp}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 Use @kbd{C-h v} (@kbd{M-x describe-variable}) to check the value of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298 variables which you are trying to set or use.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1300 @node Displaying the current line or column, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Debugging a customization file, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 @section How do I make Emacs display the current line (or column) number?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 @cindex @code{line-number-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1303 @cindex Displaying the current line or column
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304 @cindex Line number, displaying the current
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 @cindex Column, displaying the current
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306 @cindex @code{mode-line-format}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 To have Emacs automatically display the current line number of the point
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 in the mode line, do @kbd{M-x line-number-mode}. You can also put the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 (setq line-number-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1316 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 in your @file{.emacs} file to achieve this whenever you start Emacs.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1318 (Line number display is on by default, unless your site-specific
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1319 initialization disables it.) Note that Emacs will not display the line
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1320 number if the buffer's size in bytes is larger than the value of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1321 variable @code{line-number-display-limit}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 As of Emacs 20, you can similarly display the current column with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 (setq column-number-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1330 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 in your @file{.emacs} file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1333 The @code{"%c"} format specifier in the variable @code{mode-line-format}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1334 will insert the current column's value into the mode line. See the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 documentation for @code{mode-line-format} (using @kbd{C-h v
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 mode-line-format @key{RET}}) for more information on how to set and use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337 this variable.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1339 Users of all Emacs versions can display the current column using the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1340 @samp{column} package written by @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1341 Abrahamsen}. @xref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}, for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1342 instructions on how to get it.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1343
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1344 @cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1345 None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number''
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1346 capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1348 @node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1349 @section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name?
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1350 @cindex Titlebar, displaying the current file name in
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1351 @cindex File name, displaying in the titlebar
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 @cindex @code{frame-title-format}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1354 The contents of an Emacs frame's titlebar is controlled by the variable
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 @code{frame-title-format}, which has the same structure as the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356 @code{mode-line-format}. (Use @kbd{C-h v} or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357 describe-variable} to get information about one or both of these
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 variables.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 By default, the titlebar for a frame does contain the name of the buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361 currently being visited, except if there is a single frame. In such a
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1362 case, the titlebar contains Emacs invocation name and the name of the
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1363 machine at which Emacs was invoked. This is done by setting
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364 @code{frame-title-format} to the default value of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367 (multiple-frames "%b" ("" invocation-name "@@" system-name))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 To modify the behavior such that frame titlebars contain the buffer's
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 name regardless of the number of existing frames, include the following
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 in your @file{.emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1375 (setq frame-title-format "%b")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1376 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1377
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
1378 @node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1379 @section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382 Put this in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 (condition-case ()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386 (quietly-read-abbrev-file)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 (file-error nil))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1389 (add-hook '@var{mymode}-mode-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1390 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1391 (setq abbrev-mode t)))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 @node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 @section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 @cindex Filling automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 @cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400 To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1401 auto-fill-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411 If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1414 (setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417 @node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 @section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 @cindex Associating modes with files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 @cindex File extensions and modes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 @cindex @code{auto-mode-alist}, modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422 @cindex Modes, associating with file extensions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1424 If you want to use a certain mode @var{foo} for all files whose names end
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1425 with the extension @file{.@var{bar}}, this will do it for you:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1428 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.@var{bar}\\'" . @var{foo}-mode) auto-mode-alist))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 Otherwise put this somewhere in the first line of any file you want to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1432 edit in the mode @var{foo} (in the second line, if the first line begins
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1433 with @samp{#!}):
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1435 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1436 -*- @var{foo} -*-
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1439 @cindex Major mode for shell scripts
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440 Beginning with Emacs 19, the variable @code{interpreter-mode-alist}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 specifies which mode to use when loading a shell script. (Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 determines which interpreter you're using by examining the first line of
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1443 the script.) This feature only applies when the file name doesn't
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445 describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1446
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1447 @node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1448 @section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449 @cindex Unprintable characters, working with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 @cindex Working with unprintable characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 @cindex Control characters, working with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 @cindex Eight-bit characters, working with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 @cindex Searching for unprintable characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454 @cindex Regexps and unprintable characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 To search for a single character that appears in the buffer as, for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457 example, @samp{\237}, you can type @kbd{C-s C-q 2 3 7}. (This assumes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 the value of @code{search-quote-char} is 17 (i.e., @kbd{C-q}).)
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1459 Searching for @strong{all} unprintable characters is best done with a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1460 regular expression (@dfn{regexp}) search. The easiest regexp to use for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1461 the unprintable chars is the complement of the regexp for the printable
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 chars.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 Regexp for the printable chars: @samp{[\t\n\r\f -~]}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 Regexp for the unprintable chars: @samp{[^\t\n\r\f -~]}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474 To type these special characters in an interactive argument to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475 @code{isearch-forward-regexp} or @code{re-search-forward}, you need to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 use @kbd{C-q}. (@samp{\t}, @samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, and @samp{\f} stand
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 respectively for @key{TAB}, @key{LFD}, @key{RET}, and @kbd{C-l}.) So,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 to search for unprintable characters using @code{re-search-forward}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 @kbd{M-x re-search-forward @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 Using @code{isearch-forward-regexp}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1484 @kbd{M-C-s [^ @key{TAB} @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~]}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 To delete all unprintable characters, simply use replace-regexp:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 @kbd{M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} @key{RET}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 Replacing is similar to the above. To replace all unprintable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491 characters with a colon, use:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1493 M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1497 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1498 You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 something in the minibuffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1502
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1503 @node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 @section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505 @cindex Highlighting text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1506 @cindex Text, highlighting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 @cindex @code{transient-mark-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 @cindex Region, highlighting a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1510 You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1511 including
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1513 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1514 (transient-mark-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1515 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1516
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1517 @noindent
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1518 in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1519 highlighting}.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1520
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1521 @node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1522 @section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1523 @cindex @code{case-fold-search}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1524 @cindex Case sensitivity of searches
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1525 @cindex Searching without case sensitivity
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1526 @cindex Ignoring case in searches
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1527
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1528 For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1529 determines whether they are case sensitive:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1530
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1531 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1532 (setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1533 (setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1534 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1535
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1536 @cindex Case sensitivity in replacements
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1537 @cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1538 @cindex @code{case-replace}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1539 Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1540 whether replacements preserve case.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1541
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1542 To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1543 mode's hook. For example:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1544
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1545 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1546 (add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1547 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
1548 (setq case-fold-search nil)))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1549 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1550
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1551 @node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1552 @section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1553 @cindex Wrapping word automatically
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1554 @cindex Wrapping lines
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1555 @cindex Line wrap
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1556 @cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, introduction to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1557 @cindex Maximum line width, default value
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1558 @cindex @code{fill-column}, default value
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1559
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1560 Use @code{auto-fill-mode}, activated by typing @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1561 The default maximum line width is 70, determined by the variable
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1562 @code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1563 @ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1564
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1565 @node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1566 @section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1567 @cindex Checking spelling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1568 @cindex Spelling, checking text documents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1569
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1570 Use Ispell. @xref{Ispell}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1571
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1572 @node Checking TeX and *roff documents, Changing load-path, Spell-checkers, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1573 @section How can I spell-check @TeX{} or *roff documents?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1574 @cindex Spelling, checking @TeX{} documents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1575 @cindex @TeX{} documents, checking spelling in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1576
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1577 Use Ispell. Ispell can handle @TeX{} and *roff documents.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1578 @xref{Ispell}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1579
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1580 @node Changing load-path, Using an already running Emacs process, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1581 @section How do I change @code{load-path}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1582 @cindex @code{load-path}, modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1583 @cindex Modifying @code{load-path}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1584 @cindex Adding to @code{load-path}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1585
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1586 In general, you should only add to the @code{load-path}. You can add
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1587 directory @var{/dir/subdir} to the load path like this:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1588
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1589 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1590 (setq load-path (cons "/dir/subdir/" load-path))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1591 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1592
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1593 To do this relative to your home directory:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1594
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1595 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1596 (setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1597 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1598
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1599 @node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1600 @section How do I use an already running Emacs from another window?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1601 @cindex @code{emacsclient}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1602 @cindex Emacs server functions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1603 @cindex Using an existing Emacs process
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1604
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1605 @code{emacsclient}, which comes with Emacs, is for editing a file using
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1606 an already running Emacs rather than starting up a new Emacs. It does
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1607 this by sending a request to the already running Emacs, which must be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1608 expecting the request.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1609
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1610 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1611
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1612 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1613 Setup:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1614
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1615 Emacs must have executed the @code{server-start} function for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1616 @samp{emacsclient} to work. This can be done either by a command line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1617 option:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1618
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1619 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1620 emacs -f server-start
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1621 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1622
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1623 or by invoking @code{server-start} from @file{.emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1624
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1625 @lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1626 (if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1627 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1628
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1629 When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1630 @samp{emacsserver}. @samp{emacsserver} creates a Unix domain socket.
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1631 The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory,
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1632 or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp}
27113
21f49fa0782b Add socket name `esrv-USERID-SYSTEMNAME' for emacsserver.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 25874
diff changeset
1633 directory, depending on how @samp{emacsserver} was compiled.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1634
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1635 To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1636 @samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1637 (or sometimes @code{VISUAL}) to the value @samp{emacsclient}. You may
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1638 have to specify the full pathname of the @samp{emacsclient} program
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1639 instead. Examples:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1640
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1641 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1642 # csh commands:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1643 setenv EDITOR emacsclient
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1644
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1645 # using full pathname
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1646 setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1647
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1648 # sh command:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1649 EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1650 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1651
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1652 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1653 Normal use:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1654
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1655 When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1656 socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1657 @samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1658 the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1659 specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1660 user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1661 done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1662 server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1663 @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1664 @code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1665
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1666 @samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1667 share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1668 @samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1669 the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1670 the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems,
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1671 @samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1672 from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
1673 session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1674
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1675 @cindex @code{gnuserv}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1676 There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1677 @samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1678 which is available in the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1679 not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses Internet domain sockets, so
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1680 it can work across most network connections. It also supports the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1681 execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does not require the client
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1682 program to wait for completion.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1683
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1684 The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1685
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1686 @uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1687
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1688 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1689
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1690 @node Compiler error messages, Indenting switch statements, Using an already running Emacs process, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1691 @section How do I make Emacs recognize my compiler's funny error messages?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1692 @cindex Compiler error messages, recognizing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1693 @cindex Recognizing non-standard compiler errors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1694 @cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1695 @cindex Errors, recognizing compiler
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1696
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1697 The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1698 Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1699 @code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp},
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1700 @var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1701 the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1702 @kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1703 value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1704 comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1705 expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1706 already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1707 following to inform Emacs of your changes:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1708
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1709 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1710 (setq compilation-error-regexp-alist
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1711 (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1712 compilation-error-regexp-alist))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1713 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1714
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1715 @node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1716 @section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1717 @cindex @code{switch}, indenting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1718 @cindex Indenting of @code{switch}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1719
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1720 Many people want to indent their @code{switch} statements like this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1721
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1722 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1723 f()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1724 @{
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1725 switch(x) @{
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1726 case A:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1727 x1;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1728 break;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1729 case B:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1730 x2;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1731 break;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1732 default:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1733 x3;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1734 @}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1735 @}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1736 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1737
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1738 The solution at first appears to be: set @code{c-indent-level} to 4 and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1739 @code{c-label-offset} to -2. However, this will give you an indentation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1740 spacing of four instead of two.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1741
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1742 The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1743 C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1744 @file{.emacs}:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1745
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1746 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1747 (c-set-offset 'case-label '+)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1748 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1749
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1750 There appears to be no way to do this with the old @code{c-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1751
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1752 @node Customizing C and C++ indentation, Horizontal scrolling, Indenting switch statements, Common requests
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1753 @section How to customize indentation in C, C@t{++}, and Java buffers?
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1754 @cindex Indentation, how to customize
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1755 @cindex Customize indentation
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1756
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1757 The Emacs @code{cc-mode} features an interactive procedure for
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1758 customizing the indentation style, which is fully explained in the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1759 @cite{CC Mode} manual that is part of the Emacs distribution, see
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1760 @ref{Customizing Indentation, , Customization Indentation, ccmode,
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1761 The CC Mode Manual}. Here's a short summary of the procedure:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1762
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1763 @enumerate
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1764 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1765 Go to the beginning of the first line where you don't like the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1766 indentation and type @kbd{C-c C-o}. Emacs will prompt you for the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1767 syntactic symbol; type @key{RET} to accept the default it suggests.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1768
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1769 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1770 Emacs now prompts for the offset of this syntactic symbol, showing the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1771 default (the current definition) inside parentheses. You can choose
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1772 one of these:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1773
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1774 @table @code
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1775 @item 0
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1776 No extra indentation.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1777 @item +
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1778 Indent one basic offset.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1779 @item -
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1780 Outdent one basic offset.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1781 @item ++
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1782 Indent two basic offsets
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1783 @item --
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1784 Outdent two basic offsets.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1785 @item *
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1786 Indent half basic offset.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1787 @item /
37079
dc7cb733ffc7 Fix a typo in the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36977
diff changeset
1788 Outdent half basic offset.
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1789 @end table
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1790
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1791 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1792 After choosing one of these symbols, type @kbd{C-c C-q} to reindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1793 the line or the block according to what you just specified.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1794
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1795 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1796 If you don't like the result, go back to step 1. Otherwise, add the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1797 following line to your @file{.emacs}:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1798
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1799 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1800 (c-set-offset '@var{syntactic-symbol} @var{offset})
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1801 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1802
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1803 @noindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1804 where @var{syntactic-symbol} is the name Emacs shows in the minibuffer
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1805 when you type @kbd{C-c C-o} at the beginning of the line, and
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1806 @var{offset} is one of the indentation symbols listed above (@code{+},
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1807 @code{/}, @code{0}, etc.) that you've chosen during the interactive
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1808 procedure.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1809
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1810 @item
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1811 Go to the next line whose indentation is not to your liking and repeat
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1812 the process there.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1813 @end enumerate
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1814
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1815 It is recommended to put all the resulting @code{(c-set-offset ...)}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1816 customizations inside a C mode hook, like this:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1817
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1818 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1819 (defun my-c-mode-hook ()
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1820 (c-set-offset ...)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1821 (c-set-offset ...))
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1822 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'my-c-mode-hook)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1823 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1824
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1825 @noindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1826 Using @code{c-mode-hook} avoids the need to put a @w{@code{(require
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1827 'cc-mode)}} into your @file{.emacs} file, because @code{c-set-offset}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1828 might be unavailable when @code{cc-mode} is not loaded.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1829
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1830 Note that @code{c-mode-hook} runs for C source files only; use
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1831 @code{c++-mode-hook} for C@t{++} sources, @code{java-mode-hook} for
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1832 Java sources, etc. If you want the same customizations to be in
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1833 effect in @emph{all} languages supported by @code{cc-mode}, use
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1834 @code{c-mode-common-hook}.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1835
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
1836 @node Horizontal scrolling, Overwrite mode, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Common requests
25474
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parents:
diff changeset
1837 @section How can I make Emacs automatically scroll horizontally?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1838 @cindex @code{hscroll-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1839 @cindex Horizontal scrolling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1840 @cindex Scrolling horizontally
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1841
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1842 In Emacs 21 and later, this is on by default: if the variable
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1843 @code{truncate-lines} is non-@code{nil} in the current buffer, Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1844 automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1845 left or right edge of the window.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1846
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1847 In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1848 the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1849
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1850 Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1851 left or right edge of the window.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1852
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1853 @itemize @minus
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1854 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1855 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-mode} to enable it in the current buffer.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1856
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1857 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1858 Type @kbd{M-x hscroll-global-mode} to enable it in every buffer.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1859
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1860 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1861 @code{turn-on-hscroll} is useful in mode hooks as in:
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1862
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1863 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1864 (add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-hscroll)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1865 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1866
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1867 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1868 @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1869 edge of the window.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1870
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1871 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1872 @code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1873 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1874
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1875 @node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1876 @section How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1877 @cindex @key{Insert}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1878 @cindex @code{overwrite-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1879 @cindex Overwriting existing text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1880 @cindex Toggling @code{overwrite-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1881
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1882 @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode} (a minor mode). This toggles
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1883 @code{overwrite-mode} on and off, so exiting from @code{overwrite-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1884 is as easy as another @kbd{M-x overwrite-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1885
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1886 On some systems, @key{Insert} toggles @code{overwrite-mode} on and off.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1887
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1888 @node Turning off beeping, Turning the volume down, Overwrite mode, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1889 @section How do I stop Emacs from beeping on a terminal?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1890 @cindex Beeping, turning off
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1891 @cindex Visible bell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1892 @cindex Bell, visible
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1893
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1894 @email{martin@@cc.gatech.edu, Martin R. Frank} writes:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1895
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1896 Tell Emacs to use the @dfn{visible bell} instead of the audible bell,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1897 and set the visible bell to nothing.
25474
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1898
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1899 That is, put the following in your @code{TERMCAP} environment variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1900 (assuming you have one):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1901
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1902 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1903 ... :vb=: ...
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1904 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1905
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1906 And evaluate the following Lisp form:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1907
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1908 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1909 (setq visible-bell t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1910 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1911
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1912 @node Turning the volume down, Automatic indentation, Turning off beeping, Common requests
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
1913 @section How do I turn down the bell volume in Emacs running under X?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1914 @cindex Bell, volume of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1915 @cindex Volume of bell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1916
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1917 On X Window system, you can adjust the bell volume and duration for all
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1918 programs with the shell command @code{xset}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1919
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1920 Invoking @code{xset} without any arguments produces some basic
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1921 information, including the following:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1922
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1923 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1924 usage: xset [-display host:dpy] option ...
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1925 To turn bell off:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1926 -b b off b 0
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1927 To set bell volume, pitch and duration:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1928 b [vol [pitch [dur]]] b on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1929 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1930
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1931 @node Automatic indentation, Matching parentheses, Turning the volume down, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1932 @section How do I tell Emacs to automatically indent a new line to the indentation of the previous line?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1933 @cindex Indenting new lines
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1934 @cindex New lines, indenting of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1935 @cindex Previous line, indenting according to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1936 @cindex Text indentation
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1937
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1938 Such behavior is automatic in Emacs 20 and later. From the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1939 @file{etc/NEWS} file for Emacs 20.2:
25474
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parents:
diff changeset
1940
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1941 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1942 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs. This makes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1943 it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode in Text mode,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1944 and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode). @key{TAB} in Text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1945 mode now runs the command @code{indent-relative}; this makes a practical
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1946 difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
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parents:
diff changeset
1947
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parents:
diff changeset
1948 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,
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parents:
diff changeset
1949 and is an alias for it.
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parents:
diff changeset
1950
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parents:
diff changeset
1951 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph, use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1952 the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1953 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1954
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13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1955 @cindex Prefixing lines
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1956 @cindex Fill prefix
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1957 If you have @code{auto-fill-mode} turned on (@pxref{Turning on auto-fill
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1958 by default}), you can tell Emacs to prefix every line with a certain
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1959 character sequence, the @dfn{fill prefix}. Type the prefix at the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1960 beginning of a line, position point after it, and then type @kbd{C-x .}
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parents:
diff changeset
1961 (@code{set-fill-prefix}) to set the fill prefix. Thereafter,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1962 auto-filling will automatically put the fill prefix at the beginning of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1963 new lines, and @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) will maintain any fill
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1964 prefix when refilling the paragraph.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1965
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1966 If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1967 have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1968 new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1969 available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1970 with Emacs}.) Look up ``fill'' and ``indent'' in the Lisp Code
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1971 Directory for guidance.
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1972
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1973 @node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1974 @section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1975 @cindex Parentheses, matching
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1976 @cindex @file{paren.el}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1977 @cindex Highlighting matching parentheses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1978 @cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1979 @cindex Matching parentheses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1980
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1981 As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1982 will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e.,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1983 the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1984 include the line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1985
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1986 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1987 (require 'paren)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1988 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1989
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1990 in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1991 reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1992 your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1993
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1994 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1995 (show-paren-mode 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1996 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1997
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1998 Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
1999 customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2000 Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2001
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2002 Alternatives to paren include:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2003
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2004 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2005
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2006 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2007 If you're looking at a right parenthesis (or brace or bracket) you can
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2008 delete it and reinsert it. Emacs will momentarily move the cursor to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2009 the matching parenthesis.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2010
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2011 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2012 @kbd{M-C-f} (@code{forward-sexp}) and @kbd{M-C-b} (@code{backward-sexp})
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2013 will skip over one set of balanced parentheses, so you can see which
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2014 parentheses match. (You can train it to skip over balanced brackets
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2015 and braces at the same time by modifying the syntax table.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2016
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2017 @cindex Show matching paren as in @code{vi}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2018 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2019 Here is some Emacs Lisp that will make the @key{%} key show the matching
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2020 parenthesis, like in @code{vi}. In addition, if the cursor isn't over a
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2021 parenthesis, it simply inserts a % like normal.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2022
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2023 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2024 ;; By an unknown contributor
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2025
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2026 (global-set-key "%" 'match-paren)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2027
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2028 (defun match-paren (arg)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2029 "Go to the matching paren if on a paren; otherwise insert %."
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2030 (interactive "p")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2031 (cond ((looking-at "\\s\(") (forward-list 1) (backward-char 1))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2032 ((looking-at "\\s\)") (forward-char 1) (backward-list 1))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2033 (t (self-insert-command (or arg 1)))))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2034 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2035
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2036 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2037
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2038 @node Hiding #ifdef lines, Repeating commands, Matching parentheses, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2039 @section In C mode, can I show just the lines that will be left after @code{#ifdef} commands are handled by the compiler?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2040 @cindex @code{#ifdef}, selective display of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2041 @cindex @code{hide-ifdef-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2042 @cindex Hiding @code{#ifdef} text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2043 @cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2044
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2045 @kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2046 to try @file{cpp.el}, available at the Emacs Lisp Archive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2047 (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2048
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2049 @node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2050 @section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi?
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2051 @cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2052 @cindex Command, repeat last
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2053 @cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2054
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2055 (@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2056 insertion/deletion.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2057
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2058 As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z})
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2059 that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2060 argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2061
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2062 You can also type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2063 (@code{repeat-complex-command}) to reinvoke commands that used the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2064 minibuffer to get arguments. In @code{repeat-complex-command} you can
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2065 type @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} (and also up-arrow and down-arrow, if your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2066 keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2067 commands you've typed.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2068
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2069 To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2070 Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2071
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2072 If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2073 @code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2074 support it. (@xref{VIPER}.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2075
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2076 @node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2077 @section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2078 @cindex Resources, X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2079 @cindex X resources
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2080 @cindex Setting X resources
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2081
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2082 @inforef{Resources X, Resources X, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2083
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2084 You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2085 onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2086 was compiled with the X toolkit.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2087
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2088 @node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2089 @section How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2090 @cindex Evaluating Lisp code
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2091 @cindex Lisp forms, evaluating
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2092
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2093 There are a number of ways to execute (@dfn{evaluate}, in Lisp lingo) an
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2094 Emacs Lisp @dfn{form}:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2095
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2096 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2097
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2098 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2099 If you want it evaluated every time you run Emacs, put it in a file
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2100 named @file{.emacs} in your home directory. This is known as ``your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2101 @file{.emacs} file,'' and contains all of your personal customizations.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2102
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2103 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2104 You can type the form in the @file{*scratch*} buffer, and then type
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2105 @key{LFD} (or @kbd{C-j}) after it. The result of evaluating the form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2106 will be inserted in the buffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2107
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2108 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2109 In @code{emacs-lisp-mode}, typing @kbd{M-C-x} evaluates a top-level form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2110 before or around point.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2111
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2112 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2113 Typing @kbd{C-x C-e} in any buffer evaluates the Lisp form immediately
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2114 before point and prints its value in the echo area.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2115
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2116 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2117 Typing @kbd{M-:} or @kbd{M-x eval-expression} allows you to type a Lisp
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2118 form in the minibuffer which will be evaluated once you press @key{RET}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2119
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2120 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2121 You can use @kbd{M-x load-file} to have Emacs evaluate all the Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2122 forms in a file. (To do this from Lisp use the function @code{load}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2123 instead.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2124
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2125 The functions @code{load-library}, @code{eval-region},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2126 @code{eval-current-buffer}, @code{require}, and @code{autoload} are also
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2127 useful; see @ref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, if you want to learn more
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2128 about them.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2129
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2130 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2131
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2132 @node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2133 @section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2134 @cindex Tab length
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2135 @cindex Length of tab character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2136 @cindex @code{default-tab-width}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2137
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2138 Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2139 @key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2140 @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2141
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2142 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2143 (setq default-tab-width 10)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2144 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2145
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2146 Do not confuse variable @code{tab-width} with variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2147 @code{tab-stop-list}. The former is used for the display of literal
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2148 @key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2149 when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2150
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2151 @node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2152 @section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2153 @cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2154 @cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2155 @cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2156 @cindex Mail replies, inserting a prefix character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2157 @cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2158
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2159 To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2160 @key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2161
37447
0bc52782144f Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 37079
diff changeset
2162 To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2163 Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2164 want to prefix, move the cursor to last line to be prefixed, and type
37447
0bc52782144f Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 37079
diff changeset
2165 @kbd{M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}. To do this for the whole
0bc52782144f Adapt to the change of string-rectangle back to 20.x behaviour.
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 37079
diff changeset
2166 buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2167
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2168 If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2169 might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2170 the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2171 citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2172 since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2173 additional information.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2174
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2175 @node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2176 @section How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2177 @cindex Underlining a region of text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2178 @cindex @code{underline-region}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2179
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2180 Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2181
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2182 @node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2183 @section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2184 @cindex Repeating commands many times
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2185 @cindex Commands, repeating many times
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2186
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2187 Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2188 the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2189
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2190 Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2191
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2192 If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2193 @kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2194
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2195 @node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2196 @section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2197 @cindex @code{picture-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2198 @cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2199 @cindex Vertical movement in empty documents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2200
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2201 @kbd{M-x picture-mode}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2202
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2203 @node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2204 @section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
2205 @cindex Iconification under the X Window System
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
2206 @cindex X Window System and iconification
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2207 @cindex Suspending Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2208
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
2209 @kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2210 otherwise. @inforef{Misc X, Misc X, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2211
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2212 @node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2213 @section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2214 @cindex Regexps
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2215 @cindex Regular expressions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2216 @cindex Differences between Unix and Emacs regexps
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2217 @cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2218 @cindex Text strings, putting regexps in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2219
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2220 @inforef{Regexps, Regexps, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2221
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2222 The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2223 are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2224 @samp{\\}. To specify a regular expression like @samp{xxx\(foo\|bar\)}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2225 in a Lisp string, use @samp{xxx\\(foo\\|bar\\)}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2226
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2227 Note the doubled backslashes!
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2228
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2229 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2230
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2231 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2232 Unlike in Unix @file{grep}, @file{sed}, etc., a complement character set
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2233 (@samp{[^...]}) can match a newline character (@key{LFD} a.k.a.@:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2234 @kbd{C-j} a.k.a.@: @samp{\n}), unless newline is mentioned as one of the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2235 characters not to match.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2236
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2237 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2238 The character syntax regexps (e.g., @samp{\sw}) are not
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2239 meaningful inside character set regexps (e.g., @samp{[aeiou]}). (This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2240 is actually typical for regexp syntax.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2241
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2242 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2243
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2244 @node Replacing text across multiple files, Documentation for etags, Using regular expressions, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2245 @section How do I perform a replace operation across more than one file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2246 @cindex Replacing strings across files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2247 @cindex Multiple files, replacing across
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2248 @cindex Files, replacing strings across multiple
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2249
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2250 The ``tags'' feature of Emacs includes the command
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2251 @code{tags-query-replace} which performs a query-replace across all the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2252 files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2253 emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2254
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2255 As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2256 d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2257 users to replace regular expressions in multiple files.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2258
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2259 @node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2260 @section Where is the documentation for @code{etags}?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2261 @cindex Documentation for @code{etags}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2262 @cindex @code{etags}, documentation for
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2263
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2264 The @code{etags} man page should be in the same place as the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2265 @code{emacs} man page.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2266
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2267 Quick command-line switch descriptions are also available. For example,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2268 @samp{etags -H}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2269
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2270 @node Disabling backups, Disabling auto-save-mode, Documentation for etags, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2271 @section How do I disable backup files?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2272 @cindex Backups, disabling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2273 @cindex Disabling backups
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2274
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2275 You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2276 when something goes wrong.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2277
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2278 To avoid seeing backup files (and other "uninteresting" files) in Dired,
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2279 load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2280
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2281 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2282 (add-hook 'dired-load-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
2283 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
2284 (load "dired-x")))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2285 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2286
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2287 With @code{dired-x} loaded, @kbd{M-o} toggles omitting in each dired buffer.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2288 You can make omitting the default for new dired buffers by putting the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2289 following in your @file{.emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2290
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2291 @lisp
30692
b2cc8b3e837e (Disabling backups): Replace reference to
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 30009
diff changeset
2292 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-omit-toggle)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2293 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2294
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2295 If you're tired of seeing backup files whenever you do an @samp{ls} at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2296 the Unix shell, try GNU @code{ls} with the @samp{-B} option. GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2297 @code{ls} is part of the GNU Fileutils package, available from
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2298 @samp{ftp.gnu.org} and its mirrors (@pxref{Current GNU distributions}).
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2299
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2300 To disable or change the way backups are made, @inforef{Backup Names, ,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2301 emacs}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2302
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2303 @cindex Backup files in a single directory
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2304 Beginning with Emacs 21.1, you can control where Emacs puts backup files
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2305 by customizing the variable @code{backup-directory-alist}. This
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2306 variable's value specifies that files whose names match specific patters
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2307 should have their backups put in certain directories. A typical use is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2308 to add the element @code{("." . @var{dir})} to force Emacs to put
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2309 @strong{all} backup files in the directory @file{dir}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2310
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2311 @node Disabling auto-save-mode, Going to a line by number, Disabling backups, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2312 @section How do I disable @code{auto-save-mode}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2313 @cindex Disabling @code{auto-save-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2314 @cindex Auto-saving
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2315 @cindex Saving at frequent intervals
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2316
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2317 You probably don't want to do this, since auto-saving is useful,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2318 especially when Emacs or your computer crashes while you are editing a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2319 document.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2320
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2321 Instead, you might want to change the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2322 @code{auto-save-interval}, which specifies how many keystrokes Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2323 waits before auto-saving. Increasing this value forces Emacs to wait
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2324 longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2325
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2326 You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2327 package, available from the Lisp Code Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2328 with Emacs}). This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2329 package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2330 such as @file{/tmp}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2331
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2332 To disable or change how @code{auto-save-mode} works, @inforef{Auto
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2333 Save, , emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2334
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2335 @node Going to a line by number, Modifying pull-down menus, Disabling auto-save-mode, Common requests
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2336 @section How can I go to a certain line given its number?
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2337 @cindex Going to a line by number
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2338 @cindex Compilation error messages
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2339 @cindex Recompilation
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2340
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2341 Are you sure you indeed need to go to a line by its number? Perhaps all
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2342 you want is to display a line in your source file for which a compiler
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2343 printed an error message? If so, compiling from within Emacs using the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2344 @kbd{M-x compile} and @kbd{M-x recompile} commands is a much more
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2345 effective way of doing that. Emacs automatically intercepts the compile
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2346 error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2347 @code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2348 the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2349 one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2350 @code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2351 in that message.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2352
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2353 But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2354 goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2355 and go to that line.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2356
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2357 You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2358 argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2359 goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2360 buffer.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2361
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2362 If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2363 it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs}
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2364 file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}:
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2365
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2366 @lisp
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2367 (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line)
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2368 @end lisp
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2369
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2370
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2371 @node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2372 @section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2373 @cindex Pull-down menus, creating or modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2374 @cindex Menus, creating or modifying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2375 @cindex Creating new menu options
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2376 @cindex Modifying pull-down menus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2377 @cindex Menus and keymaps
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2378 @cindex Keymaps and menus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2379
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2380 Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers})
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2381 represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2382 mouse displays that keymap's non-nil contents in the form of a menu.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2383
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2384 So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2385 new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2386 item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2387
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2388 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2389 (define-key global-map
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2390 [menu-bar edit forward]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2391 '("Forward word" . forward-word))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2392 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2393
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2394 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2395 The first line adds the entry to the global keymap, which includes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2396 global menu bar entries. Replacing the reference to @code{global-map}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2397 with a local keymap would add this menu option only within a particular
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2398 mode.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2399
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2400 The second line describes the path from the menu-bar to the new entry.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2401 Placing this menu entry underneath the @samp{File} menu would mean
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2402 changing the word @code{edit} in the second line to @code{file}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2403
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2404 The third line is a cons cell whose first element is the title that will
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2405 be displayed, and whose second element is the function that will be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2406 called when that menu option is invoked.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2407
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2408 To add a new menu, rather than a new option to an existing menu, we must
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2409 define an entirely new keymap:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2410
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2411 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2412 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2413 (cons "Words" (make-sparse-keymap "Words")))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2414 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2415
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2416 The above code creates a new sparse keymap, gives it the name
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2417 @samp{Words}, and attaches it to the global menu bar. Adding the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2418 @samp{Forward Word} item to this new menu would thus require the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2419 following code:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2420
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2421 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2422 (define-key global-map
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2423 [menu-bar words forward]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2424 '("Forward word" . forward-word))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2425 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2426
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2427 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2428 Note that because of the way keymaps work, menu options are displayed
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2429 with the more recently defined items at the top. Thus if you were to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2430 define menu options @samp{foo}, @samp{bar}, and @samp{baz} (in that
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2431 order), the menu option @samp{baz} would appear at the top, and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2432 @samp{foo} would be at the bottom.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2433
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2434 One way to avoid this problem is to use the function @code{define-key-after},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2435 which works the same as @code{define-key}, but lets you modify where items
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2436 appear. The following Lisp code would insert the @samp{Forward Word}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2437 item in the @samp{Edit} menu immediately following the @samp{Undo} item:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2438
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2439 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2440 (define-key-after
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2441 (lookup-key global-map [menu-bar edit])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2442 [forward]
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2443 '("Forward word" . forward-word)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2444 'undo)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2445 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2446
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2447 Note how the second and third arguments to @code{define-key-after} are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2448 different from those of @code{define-key}, and that we have added a new
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2449 (final) argument, the function after which our new key should be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2450 defined.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2451
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2452 To move a menu option from one position to another, simply evaluate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2453 @code{define-key-after} with the appropriate final argument.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2454
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2455 More detailed information---and more examples of how to create and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2456 modify menu options---are in the @cite{Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, under
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
2457 ``Menu Keymaps''. (@xref{Emacs Lisp documentation}, for information on
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
2458 this manual.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2459
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2460 @node Deleting menus and menu options, Turning on syntax highlighting, Modifying pull-down menus, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2461 @section How do I delete menus and menu options?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2462 @cindex Deleting menus and menu options
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2463 @cindex Menus, deleting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2464
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2465 The simplest way to remove a menu is to set its keymap to @samp{nil}.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2466 For example, to delete the @samp{Words} menu (@pxref{Modifying pull-down
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2467 menus}), use:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2468
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2469 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2470 (define-key global-map [menu-bar words] nil)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2471 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2472
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2473 Similarly, removing a menu option requires redefining a keymap entry to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2474 @code{nil}. For example, to delete the @samp{Forward word} menu option
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2475 from the @samp{Edit} menu (we added it in @ref{Modifying pull-down
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2476 menus}), use:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2477
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2478 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2479 (define-key global-map [menu-bar edit forward] nil)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2480 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2481
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2482 @node Turning on syntax highlighting, Scrolling only one line, Deleting menus and menu options, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2483 @section How do I turn on syntax highlighting?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2484 @cindex Syntax highlighting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2485 @cindex @code{font-lock-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2486 @cindex Highlighting based on syntax
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2487 @cindex Colorizing text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2488 @cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2489
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2490 @code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2491 highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2492 on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2493 instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2494 variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2495 a third.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2496
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2497 @cindex hilit19 is deprecated
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2498 Earlier versions of Emacs supported hilit19, a similar package. Use of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2499 hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2500 with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2501
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2502 To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2503 font-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2504
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2505 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2506 mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2507 @code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2508
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2509 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2510 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2511 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2512
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2513 To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2514 can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2515 in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2516
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2517 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2518 (global-font-lock-mode 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2519 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2520
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2521 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2522 This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2523 which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2524 @code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2525 @code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2526 @code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2527 particular buffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2528
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2529 Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2530 and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2531 work around this.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2532
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2533 @cindex Just-In-Time syntax highlighting
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2534 In Emacs 21 and later, turning on @code{font-lock-mode} automatically
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2535 activates the new @dfn{Just-In-Time fontification} provided by
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2536 @code{jit-lock-mode}. @code{jit-lock-mode} defers the fontification of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2537 portions of buffer until you actually need to see them, and can also
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2538 fontify while Emacs is idle. This makes display of the visible portion
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2539 of a buffer almost instantaneous. For details about customizing
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2540 @code{jit-lock-mode}, type @kbd{C-h f jit-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2541
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2542 @cindex Levels of syntax highlighting
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2543 @cindex Decoration level, in @code{font-lock-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2544 In versions of Emacs before 21, different levels of decoration are
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2545 available, from slight to gaudy. More decoration means you need to wait
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2546 more time for a buffer to be fontified (or a faster machine). To
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2547 control how decorated your buffers should become, set the value of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2548 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} in your @file{.emacs} file, with a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2549 @code{nil} value indicating default (usually minimum) decoration, and a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2550 @code{t} value indicating the maximum decoration. For the gaudiest
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2551 possible look, then, include the line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2552
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2553 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2554 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2555 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2556
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2557 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2558 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can also set this variable such that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2559 different modes are highlighted in a different ways; for more
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2560 information, see the documentation for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2561 @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2562 describe-variable @key{RET}}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2563
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2564 @cindex Lazy font-lock
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2565 You might also want to investigate @code{fast-lock-mode} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2566 @code{lazy-lock-mode}, versions of @code{font-lock-mode} that speed up
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2567 highlighting. These are the alternatives for @code{jit-lock-mode} in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2568 versions of Emacs before 21.1. The advantage of @code{lazy-lock-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2569 is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions are met, such
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2570 as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have finished
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2571 scrolling through text. See the documentation for @code{lazy-lock-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2572 by typing @kbd{C-h f @code{lazy-lock-mode}} (@kbd{M-x describe-function
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2573 @key{RET} lazy-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2574
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2575 Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2576 available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2577 describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2578
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2579 For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2580 @code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2581 @email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2582
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2583 @uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2584
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2585 To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2586 @kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2587 ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2588 PostScript printer, or a PostScript interpreter such as Ghostscript;
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2589 consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name},
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2590 @code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2591
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2592 @node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2593 @section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2594 @cindex Scrolling only one line
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2595 @cindex Reducing the increment when scrollng
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2596
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2597 Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2598
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2599 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2600 (setq scroll-step 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2601 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2602
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2603 @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2604
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2605 @node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2606 @section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2607 @cindex @code{delete-selection-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2608 @cindex Replacing highlighted text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2609 @cindex Highlighing and replacing text
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2610
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2611 Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2612 placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2613
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2614 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2615 (delete-selection-mode t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2616 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2617
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2618 According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2619 (which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2620 delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2621
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2622 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2623 When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2624 When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2625 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2626
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2627 This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2628 pressing @key{DEL}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2629
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2630 @node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2631 @section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2632 @cindex Editing MS-DOS files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2633 @cindex MS-DOS files, editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2634 @cindex Microsoft files, editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2635 @cindex Windows files, editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2636
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2637 As of Emacs 20, detection and handling of MS-DOS (and Windows) files is
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2638 performed transparently. You can open MS-DOS files on a Unix system,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2639 edit it, and save it without having to worry about the file format.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2640
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2641 When editing an MS-DOS style file, the mode line will indicate that it
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2642 is a DOS file. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems, and also on a Macintosh,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2643 the string @samp{(DOS)} will appear near the left edge of the mode line;
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2644 on DOS and Windows, where the DOS end-of-line (EOL) format is the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2645 default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2646
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2647 If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2648 from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come with
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2649 Emacs}). Among other things, @code{crypt++} transparently modifies
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2650 MS-DOS files as they are loaded and saved, allowing you to ignore the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2651 different conventions that Unix and MS-DOS have for delineating the end
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2652 of a line.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2653
35651
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2654 @node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2655 @section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2656 @cindex One space following periods
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2657 @cindex Single space following periods
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2658 @cindex Periods, one space following
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2659
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2660 @email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2661 following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2662
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2663 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2664 (setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2665 (setq sentence-end-double-space nil)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2666 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2667
35651
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2668 @node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2669 @section Why do I get these strange escape sequences when I run
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2670 @code{ls} from the Shell mode?
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2671 @cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2672 @cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2673
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2674 This happens because @code{ls} is aliased to @samp{ls --color} in your
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2675 shell init file. You have two alternatives to solve this:
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2676
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2677 @itemize @bullet
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2678 @item
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2679 Make the alias conditioned on the @code{EMACS} variable in the
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2680 environment. When Emacs runs a subsidiary shell, it exports the
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2681 @code{EMACS} variable with the value @code{t} to that shell. You can
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2682 unalias @code{ls} when that happens, thus limiting the alias to your
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2683 interactive sessions.
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2684
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2685 @item
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2686 Install the @code{ansi-color} package (bundled with Emacs 21.1 and
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2687 later), which converts these ANSI escape sequences into colors.
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2688 @end itemize
d991c8f6b85b (Escape sequences in shell output): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35188
diff changeset
2689
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2690 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2691 @node Bugs and problems, Compiling and installing Emacs, Common requests, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2692 @chapter Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2693 @cindex Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2694
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2695 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2696 * Problems with very large files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2697 * ^M in the shell buffer::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2698 * Shell process exits abnormally::
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2699 * Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2700 * Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2701 * Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2702 * Problems talking to certain hosts::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2703 * Errors with init files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2704 * Emacs ignores X resources::
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2705 * Emacs ignores frame parameters::
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2706 * Emacs takes a long time to visit files::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2707 * Editing files with $ in the name::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2708 * Shell mode loses the current directory::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2709 * Security risks with Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2710 * Dired claims that no file is on this line::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2711 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2712
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2713 @node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2714 @section Does Emacs have problems with files larger than 8 megabytes?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2715 @cindex Very large files, opening
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2716 @cindex Large files, opening
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2717 @cindex Opening very large files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2718 @cindex Maximum file size
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2719 @cindex Files, maximum size
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2720
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2721 Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2722 files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2723 size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2724 can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2725 size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2726
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2727 If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2728 you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2729 suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2730 compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2731 sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes):
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2732
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2733 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2734 #define VALBITS 26
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2735 #define GCTYPEBITS 5
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2736 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2737
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2738 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2739 This method may result in "ILLEGAL DATATYPE" and other random errors on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2740 some machines.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2741
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2742 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2743 problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2744 versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2745
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2746 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2747 Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2748 language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2749 variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2750 must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2751 is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2752 so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2753 top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2754 integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2755 integers and pointers.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2756 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2757
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2758 @node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2759 @section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2760 @cindex Shell buffer, echoed commands and @samp{^M} in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2761 @cindex Echoed commands in @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2762
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2763 Try typing @kbd{M-x shell-strip-ctrl-m @key{RET}} while in @code{shell-mode} to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2764 make them go away. If that doesn't work, you have several options:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2765
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2766 For @code{tcsh}, put this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2767 file:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2768
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2769 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2770 if ($?EMACS) then
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2771 if ("$EMACS" == t) then
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2772 if ($?tcsh) unset edit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2773 stty nl
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2774 endif
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2775 endif
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2776 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2777
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2778 Or put this in your @file{.emacs_tcsh} file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2779
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2780 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2781 unset edit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2782 stty nl
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2783 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2784
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2785 Alternatively, use @code{csh} in your shell buffers instead of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2786 @code{tcsh}. One way is:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2787
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2788 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2789 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "/bin/csh")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2790 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2791
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2792 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2793 and another is to do this in your @file{.cshrc} (or @file{.tcshrc})
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2794 file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2795
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2796 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2797 setenv ESHELL /bin/csh
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2798 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2799
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2800 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2801 (You must start Emacs over again with the environment variable properly
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2802 set for this to take effect.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2803
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2804 You can also set the @code{ESHELL} environment variable in Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2805 with the following Lisp form,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2806
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2807 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2808 (setenv "ESHELL" "/bin/csh")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2809 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2810
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2811 The above solutions try to prevent the shell from producing the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2812 @samp{^M} characters in the first place. If this is not possible
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2813 (e.g., if you use a Windows shell), you can get Emacs to remove these
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2814 characters from the buffer by adding this to your @file{.emacs} init
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2815 file:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2816
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2817 @smalllisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2818 (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2819 @end smalllisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2820
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2821 On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2822 buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2823 start-up file:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2824
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2825 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2826 stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2827 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2828
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2829 @node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2830 @section Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2831 @cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2832 @cindex @code{shell-mode} exits
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2833 @cindex Process shell exited
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2834
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2835 The most likely reason for this message is that the @samp{env} program
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2836 is not properly installed. Compile this program for your architecture,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2837 and install it with @samp{a+x} permission in the architecture-dependent
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2838 Emacs program directory. (You can find what this directory is at your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2839 site by inspecting the value of the variable @code{exec-directory} by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2840 typing @kbd{C-h v exec-directory @key{RET}}.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2841
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2842 You should also check for other programs named @samp{env} in your path
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2843 (e.g., SunOS has a program named @file{/usr/bin/env}). We don't
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2844 understand why this can cause a failure and don't know a general
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2845 solution for working around the problem in this case.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2846
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2847 The @samp{make clean} command will remove @samp{env} and other vital
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2848 programs, so be careful when using it.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2849
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2850 It has been reported that this sometimes happened when Emacs was started
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2851 as an X client from an xterm window (i.e., had a controlling tty) but the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2852 xterm was later terminated.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2853
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2854 See also @samp{PROBLEMS} (in the @file{etc} subdirectory of the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2855 top-level directory when you unpack the Emacs source) for other
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2856 possible causes of this message.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2857
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2858 @node Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Shell process exits abnormally, Bugs and problems
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2859 @section Why do I get an error message when I try to run @kbd{M-x shell}?
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2860
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2861 @cindex Shell Mode, and MS-Windows
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2862 @cindex @code{explicit-shell-file-name}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2863 On MS-Windows, this might happen because Emacs tries to look for the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2864 shell in a wrong place. The default file name @file{/bin/sh} is
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2865 usually incorrect for non-Unix systems. If you know where your shell
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2866 executable is, set the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name} in
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2867 your @file{.emacs} file to point to its full file name, like this:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2868
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2869 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2870 (setq explicit-shell-file-name "d:/shells/bash.exe")
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2871 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2872
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2873 If you don't know what shell does Emacs use, try the @kbd{M-!}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2874 command; if that works, put the following line into your
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2875 @file{.emacs}:
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2876
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2877 @lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2878 (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name)
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2879 @end lisp
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2880
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2881 @cindex Antivirus programs, and Shell Mode
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2882 Some people have trouble with Shell Mode because of intrusive
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2883 antivirus software; disabling the resident antivirus program solves
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2884 the problems in those cases.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2885
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
2886 @node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2887 @section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2888 @cindex Termcap
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2889 @cindex Terminfo
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2890 @cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2891
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2892 The termcap entry for terminal type @samp{emacs} is ordinarily put in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2893 the @samp{TERMCAP} environment variable of subshells. It may help in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2894 certain situations (e.g., using rlogin from shell buffer) to add an
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2895 entry for @samp{emacs} to the system-wide termcap file. Here is a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2896 correct termcap entry for @samp{emacs}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2897
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2898 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2899 emacs:tc=unknown:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2900 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2901
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2902 To make a terminfo entry for @samp{emacs}, use @code{tic} or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2903 @code{captoinfo}. You need to generate
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2904 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}. It may work to simply copy
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2905 @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/d/dumb} to @file{/usr/lib/terminfo/e/emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2906
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2907 Having a termcap/terminfo entry will not enable the use of full screen
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2908 programs in shell buffers. Use @kbd{M-x terminal-emulator} for that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2909 instead.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2910
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2911 A workaround to the problem of missing termcap/terminfo entries is to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2912 change terminal type @samp{emacs} to type @samp{dumb} or @samp{unknown}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2913 in your shell start up file. @code{csh} users could put this in their
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2914 @file{.cshrc} files:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2915
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2916 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2917 if ("$term" == emacs) set term=dumb
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2918 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2919
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2920 @node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2921 @section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2922 @cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2923 @cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2924 @cindex Beeping without obvious reason
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2925
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2926 Your terminal (or something between your terminal and the computer) is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2927 sending @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control, and Emacs is receiving
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2928 these characters and interpreting them as commands. (The @kbd{C-s}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2929 character normally invokes the @code{isearch-forward} command.) For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2930 possible solutions, see @ref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow control}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2931
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2932 @node Problems talking to certain hosts, Errors with init files, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2933 @section Why can't Emacs talk to certain hosts (or certain hostnames)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2934 @cindex Hosts, Emacs cannot talk to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2935 @cindex @code{gethostbyname}, problematic version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2936
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2937 The problem may be that Emacs is linked with a wimpier version of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2938 @code{gethostbyname} than the rest of the programs on the machine. This
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2939 is often manifested as a message on startup of ``X server not responding.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2940 Check your @samp{DISPLAY} environment variable.'' or a message of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2941 ``Unknown host'' from @code{open-network-stream}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2942
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2943 On a Sun, this may be because Emacs had to be linked with the static C
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2944 library. The version of @code{gethostbyname} in the static C library
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2945 may only look in @file{/etc/hosts} and the NIS (YP) maps, while the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2946 version in the dynamic C library may be smart enough to check DNS in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2947 addition to or instead of NIS. On a Motorola Delta running System V
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2948 R3.6, the version of @code{gethostbyname} in the standard library works,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2949 but the one that works with NIS doesn't (the one you get with -linet).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2950 Other operating systems have similar problems.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2951
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2952 Try these options:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2953
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2954 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2955
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2956 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2957 Explicitly add the host you want to communicate with to @file{/etc/hosts}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2958
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2959 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2960 Relink Emacs with this line in @file{src/config.h}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2961
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2962 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2963 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2964 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2965
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2966 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2967 Replace @code{gethostbyname} and friends in @file{libc.a} with more
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2968 useful versions such as the ones in @file{libresolv.a}. Then relink
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2969 Emacs.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2970
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2971 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2972 If you are actually running NIS, make sure that @code{ypbind} is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2973 properly told to do DNS lookups with the correct command line switch.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2974
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2975 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2976
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2977 @node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2978 @section Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2979 @cindex Error in @file{.emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2980 @cindex Error in init file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2981 @cindex Init file, errors in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2982 @cindex @file{.emacs} file, errors in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2983 @cindex Debugging @file{.emacs} file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2984
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2985 An error occurred while loading either your @file{.emacs} file or the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2986 system-wide file @file{lisp/default.el}. Emacs 21.1 and later pops the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2987 @file{*Messages*} buffer, and puts there some additional information
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2988 about the error, to provide some hints for debugging.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2989
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2990 For information on how to debug your @file{.emacs} file, see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
2991 @ref{Debugging a customization file}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2992
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2993 It may be the case that you need to load some package first, or use a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2994 hook that will be evaluated after the package is loaded. A common case
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2995 of this is explained in @ref{Terminal setup code works after Emacs has
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2996 begun}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2997
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
2998 @node Emacs ignores X resources, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Errors with init files, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
2999 @section Why does Emacs ignore my X resources (my .Xdefaults file)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3000 @cindex X resources being ignored
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3001 @cindex Ignored X resources
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3002 @cindex @file{.Xdefaults}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3003
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3004 As of version 19, Emacs searches for X resources in the files specified
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3005 by the following environment variables:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3006
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3007 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3008
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3009 @item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3010 @item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3011 @item @code{XAPPLRESDIR}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3012
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3013 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3014
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3015 This emulates the functionality provided by programs written using the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3016 Xt toolkit.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3017
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3018 @code{XFILESEARCHPATH} and @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH} should be a list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3019 of file names separated by colons. @code{XAPPLRESDIR} should be a list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3020 of directory names separated by colons.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3021
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3022 Emacs searches for X resources:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3023
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3024 @enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3025
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3026 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3027 specified on the command line, with the @samp{-xrm RESOURCESTRING} option,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3028
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3029 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3030 then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3031
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3032 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3033
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3034 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3035 or if that is unset, in the file named
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3036 @file{~/.Xdefaults-@var{hostname}} if it exists (where @var{hostname} is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3037 the name of the machine Emacs is running on),
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3038
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3039 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3040
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3041 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3042 then in the screen-specific and server-wide resource properties provided
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3043 by the server,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3044
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3045 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3046
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3047 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3048 or if those properties are unset, in the file named @file{~/.Xdefaults}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3049 if it exists,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3050
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3051 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3052
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3053 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3054 then in the files listed in @samp{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH},
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3055
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3056 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3057
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3058 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3059 or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3060 @samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3061 environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3062 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3063 or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3064 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3065 or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3066 is set),
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3067 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3068 or in @file{~/Emacs},
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3069
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3070 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3071
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3072 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3073 then in the files listed in @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3074
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3075 @end enumerate
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3076
36301
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3077 @node Emacs ignores frame parameters, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Emacs ignores X resources, Bugs and problems
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3078 @section Why don't my customizations of the frame parameters work?
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3079 @cindex Frame parameters
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3080
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3081 This probably happens because you have set the frame parameters in the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3082 variable @code{initial-frame-alist}. That variable holds parameters
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3083 used only for the first frame created when Emacs starts. To customize
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3084 the parameters of all frames, change the variable
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3085 @code{default-frame-alist} instead.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3086
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3087 These two variables exist because many users customize the initial frame
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3088 in a special way. For example, you could determine the position and
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3089 size of the initial frame, but would like to control the geometry of the
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3090 other frames by individually positioning each one of them.
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3091
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3092
3c4384777d5a (Emacs ignores frame parameters): New section.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35651
diff changeset
3093 @node Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Editing files with $ in the name, Emacs ignores frame parameters, Bugs and problems
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3094 @section Why does Emacs take 20 seconds to visit a file?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3095 @cindex Visiting files takes a long time
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3096 @cindex Delay when visiting files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3097 @cindex Files, take a long time to visit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3098
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3099 Old versions of Emacs (i.e., versions before Emacs 20.x) often
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3100 encountered this when the master lock file, @file{!!!SuperLock!!!}, has
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3101 been left in the lock directory somehow. Delete it.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3102
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3103 @email{meuer@@geom.umn.edu, Mark Meuer} says that NeXT NFS has a bug
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3104 where an exclusive create succeeds but returns an error status. This
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3105 can cause the same problem. Since Emacs's file locking doesn't work
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3106 over NFS anyway, the best solution is to recompile Emacs with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3107 @code{CLASH_DETECTION} undefined.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3108
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3109 @node Editing files with $ in the name, Shell mode loses the current directory, Emacs takes a long time to visit files, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3110 @section How do I edit a file with a @samp{$} in its name?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3111 @cindex Editing files with @samp{$} in the name
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3112 @cindex @samp{$} in file names
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3113 @cindex File names containing @samp{$}, editing
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3114
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3115 When entering a file name in the minibuffer, Emacs will attempt to expand
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3116 a @samp{$} followed by a word as an environment variable. To suppress
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3117 this behavior, type @kbd{$$} instead.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3118
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3119 @node Shell mode loses the current directory, Security risks with Emacs, Editing files with $ in the name, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3120 @section Why does shell mode lose track of the shell's current directory?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3121 @cindex Current directory and @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3122 @cindex @code{shell-mode} and current directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3123 @cindex Directory, current in @code{shell-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3124
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3125 Emacs has no way of knowing when the shell actually changes its
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3126 directory. This is an intrinsic limitation of Unix. So it tries to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3127 guess by recognizing @samp{cd} commands. If you type @kbd{cd} followed
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3128 by a directory name with a variable reference (@kbd{cd $HOME/bin}) or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3129 with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3130 correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3131 fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3132 to handle this problem. Check the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding a
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3133 package with particular functionality}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3134
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3135 You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3136 @kbd{M-x dirs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3137
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3138 @node Security risks with Emacs, Dired claims that no file is on this line, Shell mode loses the current directory, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3139 @section Are there any security risks in Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3140 @cindex Security with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3141 @cindex @samp{movemail} and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3142 @cindex @code{file-local-variable} and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3143 @cindex Synthetic X events and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3144 @cindex X events and security
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3145
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3146 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3147
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3148 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3149 The @file{movemail} incident. (No, this is not a risk.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3150
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3151 In his book @cite{The Cuckoo's Egg}, Cliff Stoll describes this in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3152 chapter 4. The site at LBL had installed the @file{/etc/movemail}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3153 program setuid root. (As of version 19, @file{movemail} is in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3154 architecture-specific directory; type @kbd{C-h v exec-directory
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3155 @key{RET}} to see what it is.) Since @code{movemail} had not been
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3156 designed for this situation, a security hole was created and users could
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3157 get root privileges.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3158
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3159 @code{movemail} has since been changed so that this security hole will
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3160 not exist, even if it is installed setuid root. However,
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3161 @code{movemail} no longer needs to be installed setuid root, which
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3162 should eliminate this particular risk.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3163
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3164 We have heard unverified reports that the 1988 Internet worm took
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3165 advantage of this configuration problem.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3166
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3167 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3168 The @code{file-local-variable} feature. (Yes, a risk, but easy to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3169 change.)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3170
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3171 There is an Emacs feature that allows the setting of local values for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3172 variables when editing a file by including specially formatted text near
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3173 the end of the file. This feature also includes the ability to have
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3174 arbitrary Emacs Lisp code evaluated when the file is visited.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3175 Obviously, there is a potential for Trojan horses to exploit this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3176 feature.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3177
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3178 Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3179 setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-nil value.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3180
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3181 As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3182 security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3183 confirm whether the variables should be set. You can also tell Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3184 whether to allow the evaluation of Emacs Lisp code found at the bottom
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3185 of files by setting the variable @code{enable-local-eval}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3186
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3187 For more information, @inforef{File Variables, File Variables, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3188
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3189 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3190 Synthetic X events. (Yes, a risk; use @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1} or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3191 better.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3192
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3193 Emacs accepts synthetic X events generated by the @code{SendEvent}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3194 request as though they were regular events. As a result, if you are
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3195 using the trivial host-based authentication, other users who can open X
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3196 connections to your X workstation can make your Emacs process do
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3197 anything, including run other processes with your privileges.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3198
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3199 The only fix for this is to prevent other users from being able to open
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3200 X connections. The standard way to prevent this is to use a real
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3201 authentication mechanism, such as @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. If using
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3202 the @code{xauth} program has any effect, then you are probably using
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3203 @samp{MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1}. Your site may be using a superior
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3204 authentication method; ask your system administrator.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3205
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3206 If real authentication is not a possibility, you may be satisfied by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3207 just allowing hosts access for brief intervals while you start your X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3208 programs, then removing the access. This reduces the risk somewhat by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3209 narrowing the time window when hostile users would have access, but
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3210 @emph{does not eliminate the risk}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3211
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
3212 On most computers running Unix and X, you enable and disable
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3213 access using the @code{xhost} command. To allow all hosts access to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3214 your X server, use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3215
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3216 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3217 xhost +
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3218 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3219
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3220 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3221 at the shell prompt, which (on an HP machine, at least) produces the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3222 following message:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3223
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3224 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3225 access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3226 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3227
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3228 To deny all hosts access to your X server (except those explicitly
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3229 allowed by name), use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3230
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3231 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3232 xhost -
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3233 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3234
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3235 On the test HP computer, this command generated the following message:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3236
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3237 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3238 access control enabled, only authorized clients can connect
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3239 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3240
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3241 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3242
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3243 @node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3244 @section Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3245 @cindex Dired does not see a file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3246
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3247 @c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3248 @c check.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3249 Chances are you're using a localized version of Unix that doesn't use US
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3250 date format in dired listings. You can check this by looking at dired
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3251 listings or by typing @kbd{ls -l} to a shell and looking at the dates that
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3252 come out.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3253
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3254 Dired uses a regular expression to find the beginning of a file name.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3255 In a long Unix-style directory listing (@samp{ls -l}), the file name
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3256 starts after the date. The regexp has thus been written to look for the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3257 date, the format of which can vary on non-US systems.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3258
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3259 There are two approaches to solving this. The first one involves
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3260 setting things up so that @samp{ls -l} outputs US date format. This can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3261 be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3262
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3263 The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3264 dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3265
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3266 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3267 @node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3268 @chapter Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3269 @cindex Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3270
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3271 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3272 * Installing Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3273 * Updating Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3274 * Problems building Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3275 * Linking with -lX11 fails::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3276 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3277
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3278 @node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3279 @section How do I install Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3280 @cindex Installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3281 @cindex Unix systems, installing Emacs on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3282 @cindex Downloading and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3283 @cindex Retrieving and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3284 @cindex Building Emacs from source
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3285 @cindex Source code, building Emacs from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3286 @cindex Unpacking and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3287
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3288 This answer is meant for users of Unix and Unix-like systems. Users of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3289 other operating systems should see the series of questions beginning
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3290 with @ref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, which describe where to get non-Unix source
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3291 and binaries, and how to install Emacs on those systems.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3292
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3293 For Unix and Unix-like systems, the easiest way is often to compile it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3294 from scratch. You will need:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3295
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3296 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3297
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3298 @item
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3299 Emacs sources. @xref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of ftp sites
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3300 that make them available. On @file{ftp.gnu.org}, the main GNU
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3301 distribution site, sources are available as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3302
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3303 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3304
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3305 The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3306 instance, when Emacs 21.42 is released, it will most probably be
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3307 available as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3308
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3309 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-21.42.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3310
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3311 Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3312 distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3313 @file{ftp.gnu.org}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3314
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3315 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3316 @code{gzip}, the GNU compression utility. You can get @code{gzip} via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3317 anonymous ftp at mirrors of @file{ftp.gnu.org} sites; it should compile
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3318 and install without much trouble on most systems. Once you have
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3319 retrieved the Emacs sources, you will probably be able to uncompress
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3320 them with the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3321
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3322 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3323 gunzip --verbose emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3324 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3325
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3326 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3327 changing the Emacs version (@value{VER}), as necessary. Once
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3328 @code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3329 @file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3330
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3331 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3332 @code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3333 into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3334 comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3335 extracted using @code{tar} before you can build Emacs. Typically, the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3336 extraction command would look like
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3337
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3338 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3339 tar -xvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3340 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3341
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3342 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3343 The @samp{x} indicates that we want to extract files from this tarfile,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3344 the two @samp{v}s force verbose output, and the @samp{f} tells
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3345 @code{tar} to use a disk file, rather than one on the tape drive.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3346
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3347 If you're using GNU @code{tar} (available at mirrors of
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3348 @file{ftp.gnu.org}), you can combine this step and the previous one by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3349 using the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3350
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3351 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3352 tar -zxvvf emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3353 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3354
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3355 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3356 The additional @samp{z} at the beginning of the options list tells GNU
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3357 @code{tar} to uncompress the file with @code{gunzip} before extracting
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3358 the tarfile's components.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3359
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3360 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3361
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3362 At this point, the Emacs sources (all 70+ megabytes of them) should be
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3363 sitting in a directory called @file{emacs-@value{VER}}. On most common
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3364 Unix and Unix-like systems, you should be able to compile Emacs (with X
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3365 Window system support) with the following commands:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3366
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3367 @example
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3368 cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3369 ./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3370 make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3371 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3372
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3373 If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3374 the build has gone well. (@xref{Problems building Emacs}, if you weren't
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3375 successful.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3376
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3377 By default, Emacs is installed in the following directories:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3378
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3379 @table @file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3380 @item /usr/local/bin
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3381 binaries.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3382
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3383 @item /usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3384 Lisp code and support files.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3385
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3386 @item /usr/local/info
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3387 Info documentation.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3388 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3389
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3390 To install files in those default directories, become the superuser and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3391 type
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3392
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3393 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3394 make install
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3395 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3396
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3397 Note that @samp{make install} will overwrite @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3398 and any Emacs Info files that might be in @file{/usr/local/info}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3399
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3400 Much more verbose instructions (with many more hints and suggestions)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3401 come with the Emacs sources, in the file @file{INSTALL}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3402
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3403 @node Updating Emacs, Problems building Emacs, Installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3404 @section How do I update Emacs to the latest version?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3405 @cindex Updating Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3406
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3407 @xref{Installing Emacs}, and follow the instructions there for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3408 installation.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3409
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3410 Most files are placed in version-specific directories. Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3411 @value{VER}, for instance, places files in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3412 @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/@value{VER}}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3413
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3414 Upgrading should overwrite only, @file{/usr/local/bin/emacs} (the Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3415 binary) and documentation in @file{/usr/local/info}. Back up these
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3416 files before you upgrade, and you shouldn't have too much trouble.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3417
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3418 @node Problems building Emacs, Linking with -lX11 fails, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3419 @section What should I do if I have trouble building Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3420 @cindex Problems building Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3421 @cindex Errors when building Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3422
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3423 First look in the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} (where you unpack the Emacs
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3424 source) to see if there is already a solution for your problem. Next,
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3425 look for other questions in this FAQ that have to do with Emacs
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3426 installation and compilation problems.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3427
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3428 If you'd like to have someone look at your problem and help solve it,
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3429 see @ref{Help installing Emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3430
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3431 If you cannot find a solution in the documentation, send a message to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3432 @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3433
37806
8da84c32ff29 Avoid overfull hboxes.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37597
diff changeset
3434 Please don't post it to @uref{news:gnu.emacs.help} or send e-mail to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3435 @email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. For further guidelines, see
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3436 @ref{Guidelines for newsgroup postings} and @ref{Reporting bugs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3437
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3438 @node Linking with -lX11 fails, , Problems building Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3439 @section Why does linking Emacs with -lX11 fail?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3440 @cindex Linking with -lX11 fails
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3441 @cindex lX11, linking fails with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3442
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3443 Emacs needs to be linked with the static version of the X11 library,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3444 @file{libX11.a}. This may be missing.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3445
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3446 On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3447 "OpenWindows Programmers" optional software category from the CD-ROM.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3448
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3449 On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3450 X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3451 filesets'' the first time. If @file{libcurses.a} is missing, you may
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3452 need to load the ``Berkeley Development Option.''
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3453
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3454 @email{zoo@@armadillo.com, David Zuhn} says that MIT X builds shared
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3455 libraries by default, and only shared libraries, on those platforms that
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3456 support them. These shared libraries can't be used when undumping
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3457 @code{temacs} (the last stage of the Emacs build process). To get
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3458 regular libraries in addition to shared libraries, add this to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3459 @file{site.cf}:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3460
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3461 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3462 #define ForceNormalLib YES
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3463 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3464
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3465 Other systems may have similar problems. You can always define
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3466 @code{CANNOT_DUMP} and link with the shared libraries instead.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3467
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3468 @cindex X Menus don't work
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3469 To get the Xmenu stuff to work, you need to find a copy of MIT's
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3470 @file{liboldX.a}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3471
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3472 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3473 @node Finding Emacs and related packages, Major packages and programs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3474 @chapter Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3475 @cindex Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3476
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3477 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3478 * Finding Emacs on the Internet::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3479 * Finding a package with particular functionality::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3480 * Packages that do not come with Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3481 * Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3482 * Current GNU distributions::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3483 * Difference between Emacs and XEmacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3484 * Emacs for MS-DOS::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3485 * Emacs for Windows::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3486 * Emacs for OS/2::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3487 * Emacs for Atari ST::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3488 * Emacs for the Amiga ::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3489 * Emacs for NeXTSTEP::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3490 * Emacs for Apple computers::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3491 * Emacs for VMS and DECwindows::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3492 * Modes for various languages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3493 * Translating names to IP addresses::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3494 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3495
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3496 @node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3497 @section Where can I get Emacs on the net (or by snail mail)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3498 @cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3499 @cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3500 @cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3501 @cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3502 @cindex Internet, retreiving from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3503
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3504 Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for information
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3505 on nearby archive sites and @file{etc/ORDERS} for mail orders. If you
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3506 don't already have Emacs, see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3507 to get these files.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3508
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3509 @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3510 version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3511 archive sites that make GNU software available.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3512
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3513 @node Finding a package with particular functionality, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3514 @section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3515 @cindex Package, finding
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3516 @cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3517 @cindex Functionality, finding a particular package
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3518
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3519 First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3520 already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3521 wordstar @key{RET}} lists all functions and variables containing the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3522 string @samp{wordstar}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3523
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3524 It is also possible that the package is on your system, but has not been
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3525 loaded. To see which packages are available for loading, look through
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3526 your computer's lisp directory (@pxref{File-name conventions}). The Lisp
36344
6c3540ec3c12 (Finding a package with particular functionality):
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 36301
diff changeset
3527 source to most packages contains a short description of how they
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3528 should be loaded, invoked, and configured---so before you use or
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3529 modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3530 source code.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3531
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3532 If a package does not come with Emacs, check the Lisp Code Directory.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3533 The LCD was originally maintained by @email{brennan@@hal.com, Dave
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3534 Brennan}, but was recently taken over by @email{toby@@world.std.com,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3535 toby knudsen}, who maintains @uref{http://www.emacs.org}. The LCD is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3536 currently being reorganized and updated, but you can meanwhile find many
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3537 packages at @uref{ftp://ftp.emacs.org/pub}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3538
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3539 For now, you can search through the LCD with @file{lispdir.el}, which is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3540 in the process of being updated. Download it from the LCD, in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3541 @file{emacs-lisp-attic/misc} directory, and then evaluate the following
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3542 Lisp form (@pxref{Evaluating Emacs Lisp code}):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3543
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3544 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3545 (setq lisp-code-directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3546 "/anonymous@@ftp.emacs.org:pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/LCD-datafile.gz"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3547 elisp-archive-host "ftp.emacs.org"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3548 elisp-archive-directory "/pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3549 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3550
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3551 Once you have installed @file{lispdir.el}, you can use @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3552 lisp-dir-apropos} to search the listing. For example, @kbd{M-x
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3553 lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} ange-ftp @key{RET}} produces this output:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3554
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3555 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3556 GNU Emacs Lisp Code Directory Apropos --- "ange-ftp"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3557 "~/" refers to archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/elisp-archive/
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3558
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3559 ange-ftp (4.18) 15-Jul-1992
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3560 Andy Norman, <ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3561 ~/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3562 transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3563 auto-save (1.19) 01-May-1992
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3564 Sebastian Kremer, <sk@@thp.uni-koeln.de>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3565 ~/misc/auto-save.el.Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3566 Safer autosaving with support for ange-ftp and /tmp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3567 ftp-quik (1.0) 28-Jul-1993
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3568 Terrence Brannon, <tb06@@pl122f.eecs.lehigh.edu>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3569 ~/modes/ftp-quik.el.Z
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3570 Quik access to dired'ing of ange-ftp and normal paths
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3571 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3572
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3573 @node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3574 @section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3575 @cindex Unbundled packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3576 @cindex Finding other packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3577 @cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3578 @cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3579 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, description of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3580 @cindex Archive, description of the Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3581
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3582 First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3583 are looking for (@pxref{Finding a package with particular
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3584 functionality}). Next, check local archives and the Emacs Lisp Archive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3585 to find a copy of the relevant files. If you still haven't found it,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3586 you can send e-mail to the author asking for a copy. If you find Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3587 Lisp code that doesn't appear in the LCD, please submit a copy to the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3588 LCD (@pxref{Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3589
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3590 You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3591
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3592 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3593
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3594 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3595 or at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3596
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3597 @uref{http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/emacs-lisp}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3598
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3599 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3600 Retrieve and read the file @file{README} first.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3601
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3602 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3603
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3604 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3605 The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3606 requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3607 cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3608 friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3609
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3610 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3611 Any files with names ending in @file{.Z}, @file{.z}, or @file{.gz} are
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3612 compressed, so you should use "binary" mode in FTP to retrieve them.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3613 You should also use binary mode whenever you retrieve any files with
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3614 names ending in @file{.elc}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3615
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3616 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3617
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3618 @node Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Current GNU distributions, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3619 @section How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3620 @cindex Submitting code to the Emacs Lisp Archive
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3621 @cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, submissions to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3622 @cindex Lisp Archive, submissions to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3623 @cindex Archive, submitting to the Emacs Lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3624
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3625 Guidelines and procedures for submission to the archive can be found in
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3626 the file @file{GUIDELINES} in the archive directory (@pxref{Packages that
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3627 do not come with Emacs}). It covers documentation, copyrights,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3628 packaging, submission, and the Lisp Code Directory Record. Anonymous
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3629 FTP uploads are not permitted. Instead, all submissions are mailed to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3630 @email{elisp-archive@@cis.ohio-state.edu}. The @file{lispdir.el}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3631 package has a function named @code{submit-lcd-entry} which will help you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3632 with this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3633
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3634 @node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3635 @section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3636 @cindex Current GNU distributions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3637 @cindex Sources for current GNU distributions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3638 @cindex Stuff, current GNU
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3639 @cindex Up-to-date GNU stuff
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3640 @cindex Finding current GNU software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3641 @cindex Official GNU software sites
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3642
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3643 The most up-to-date official GNU software is normally kept at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3644
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3645 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3646
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3647 Read the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for more
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3648 information.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3649
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3650 A list of sites mirroring @samp{ftp.gnu.org} can be found at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3651
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3652 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3653
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3654 @node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3655 @section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid Emacs")?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3656 @cindex XEmacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3657 @cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3658 @cindex Lucid Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3659 @cindex Epoch
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3660
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3661 First of all, they're both GNU Emacs. XEmacs is just as much a later
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3662 version of GNU Emacs as the FSF-distributed version. This FAQ refers to
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3663 the latest version to be distributed by the FSF as ``Emacs,'' partly
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3664 because the XEmacs maintainers now refer to their product using the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3665 ``XEmacs'' name, and partly because there isn't any accurate way to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3666 differentiate between the two without getting mired in paragraphs of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3667 legalese and history.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3668
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3669 XEmacs, which began life as Lucid Emacs, is based on an early version of
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3670 Emacs 19 and Epoch, an X-aware version of Emacs 18.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3671
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3672 Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3673 base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities.
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
3674 XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X and MS-Windows, such as
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3675 putting arbitrary graphics in a buffer. Similar facilities have been
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3676 implemented for Emacs as part of a new redisplay implementation for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3677 Emacs 21, and are available in the latest Emacs releases.
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3678 Emacs and XEmacs each come with
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3679 Lisp packages that are lacking in the other; RMS says that the FSF would
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3680 include more packages that come with XEmacs, but that the XEmacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3681 maintainers don't always keep track of the authors of contributed code,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3682 which makes it impossible for the FSF to have certain legal papers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3683 signed. (Without these legal papers, the FSF will not distribute Lisp
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3684 packages with Emacs.) The two versions have some
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3685 significant differences at the Lisp programming level.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3686
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3687 Many XEmacs features have found their way into recent versions of Emacs,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3688 and more features can be expected in the future, but there are still many
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3689 differences between the two.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3690
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3691 The latest stable version of XEmacs as of this writing is 21.1; you can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3692 get it at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3693
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3694 @uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/current/xemacs-21.1.13.tar.gz}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3695
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3696 More information about XEmacs, including a list of frequently asked
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3697 questions (FAQ), is available at
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3698
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3699 @uref{http://www.xemacs.org/}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3700
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3701 @node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3702 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3703 @cindex MS-DOS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3704 @cindex DOS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3705 @cindex Compiling Emacs for DOS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3706 @cindex Emacs for MS-DOS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3707 @cindex Tools needed to compile Emacs under DOS
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3708
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3709 A pre-built binary distribution of Emacs is available from the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3710 SimTel.NET archives. This version apparently works under MS-DOS and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3711 Windows (3.X, 9X, ME, NT, and 2000) and supports long file names under
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3712 Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3713 from
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3714
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3715 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/emacs.README}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3716
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3717 The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3718 directory
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3719
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3720 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3721
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3722 If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3723 current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3724 better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3725 @email{eliz@@is.elta.co.il, Eli Zaretskii} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3726 @email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3727 following:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3728
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3729 @table @emph
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3730
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3731 @item Compiler
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3732 DJGPP version 1.12 maint 1 or later. Djgpp 2.0 or later is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3733 recommended, since 1.x is very old an unmaintained. Djgpp 2 supports
36383
d26ad6e1f13f Change "filename" to "file name" or "file-name".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36344
diff changeset
3734 long file names on Windows 9X/ME/2K.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3735
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3736 You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3737 the files in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3738
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3739 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2*}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3740
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3741 @item Unpacking program
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3742 The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3743 because it can open gzip'ed tarfiles (i.e., those ending with
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3744 @file{.tar.gz}) in one step. @code{Djtar} comes in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3745 @file{djdev@var{nnn}.zip} archive (where @var{nnn} is the DJGPP version
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3746 number), from the URL mentioned above.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3747
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3748 @strong{Warning!} Do @strong{not} use the popular WinZip program to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3749 unpack the Emacs distribution! WinZip is known to corrupt some of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3750 files by converting them to the DOS CR-LF format, it doesn't always
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3751 preserve the directory structure recorded in the compressed Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3752 archive, and commits other atrocities. Some of these problems could
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3753 actually prevent Emacs from building successfully!
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3754
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3755 @item make, mv, sed, and rm
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3756 All of these utilities are available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3757
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3758 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3759
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3760 16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3761
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3762 @uref{ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/gnuish}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3763
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3764 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3765 (@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3766 @code{make} are each one in a separate package named after them.)
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3767
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3768 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3769
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3770 The files @file{INSTALL} (near its end) and @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3771 directory of the Emacs sources contains some additional information
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3772 regarding Emacs under MS-DOS.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3773
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3774 For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3775 look-alikes), consult the list of "Emacs implementations and literature,"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3776 available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3777
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3778 @uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3779
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3780 Note that while many of these programs look similar to Emacs, they often
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3781 lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3782
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3783 @node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3784 @section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3785 @cindex FAQ for NT Emacs
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3786 @cindex Emacs for MS-Windows
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3787 @cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3788 @cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3789
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3790 For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3791 @email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3792
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3793 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3794
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3795 @xref{Emacs for MS-DOS}, for Windows 3.1.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3796
36977
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3797 A port of Emacs 20.7 for Windows CE, based on NTEmacs, is available at
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3798
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3799 @uref{http://www.rainer-keuchel.de/software.html}
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3800
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3801 @noindent
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3802 This port was done by @email{coyxc@@rainer-keuchel.de, Rainer Keuchel},
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3803 and supports all Emacs features except async subprocesses and menus.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3804 You will need MSVC 6.0 and a Windows CE SDK to build this port.
cd1988377f17 (Emacs for Windows): Mention a port for Windows CE.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36842
diff changeset
3805
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3806 @node Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for Windows, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3807 @section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running OS/2?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3808 @cindex OS/2, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3809
35061
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3810 Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3811
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3812 @uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip}
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3813
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3814 @noindent
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3815 and also at
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3816
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3817 @uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/}
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3818
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3819 Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3820 for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3821
55713e74f1aa Update links and version info for the OS/2 port.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34922
diff changeset
3822 @uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3823
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3824 @node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3825 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3826 @cindex Atari ST, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3827 @cindex TOS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3828
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3829 Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3830 is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3831 @uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3832
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3833 @node Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Atari ST, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3834 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Amiga?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3835 @cindex Amiga, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3836
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3837 The files you need are available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3838
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3839 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3840
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3841 @email{dgilbert@@gamiga.guelphnet.dweomer.org, David Gilbert} has released a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3842 beta version of Emacs 19.25 for the Amiga. You can get the binary at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3843
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3844 @uref{ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/pub/aminet/util/gnu/a2.0bEmacs-bin.lha}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3845
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3846 @node Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for the Amiga , Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3847 @section Where can I get Emacs for NeXTSTEP?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3848 @cindex NeXTSTEP, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3849
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3850 Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3851 menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3852
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3853 @uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3854
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3855 @node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3856 @section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3857 @cindex Apple computers, Emacs for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3858 @cindex Macintosh, Emacs for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3859
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3860 An unofficial port of GNU Emacs 18.59 to the Macintosh is available at a
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3861 number of ftp sites, the home being
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3862 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/Emacs-1.17.sit.bin}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3863
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3864 A port of Emacs 20.4 is available at
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3865 @uref{http://www.cs.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/index.html}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3866
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3867 Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3868 Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3869 @file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3870
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3871 Apple's forthcoming "OS X" is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep.
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
3872 @xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3873
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3874 @node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3875 @section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3876 @cindex DECwindows, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3877 @cindex VMS, Emacs for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3878
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3879 Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3880 available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3881
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3882 @node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3883 @section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3884 @cindex Awk, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3885 @cindex @code{awk-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3886 @cindex Bison, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3887 @cindex Bourne Shell, mode for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3888 @cindex C@t{++}, mode for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3889 @cindex Java, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3890 @cindex Lex mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3891 @cindex Objective-C, mode for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3892 @cindex @code{pascal-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3893 @cindex Shell mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3894 @cindex Yacc mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3895 @cindex @file{csh} mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3896 @cindex @code{sh-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3897 @cindex @code{cc-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3898
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3899 Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3900 To get additional modes, look in the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3901 a package with particular functionality}). For C@t{++}, if you use
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3902 @code{lisp-dir-apropos}, you must specify the pattern with something
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3903 like @kbd{M-x lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} c\+\+ @key{RET}}.@footnote{
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3904 The backslashes in @samp{\+\+} are required because @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3905 lisp-dir-apropos} expects a regular expression as its argument
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3906 (@pxref{Using regular expressions}), and @samp{+} has a special meaning
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3907 in regular expressions.}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3908
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3909 Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3910 Java code. You can get the latest version from the Emacs Lisp Archive;
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3911 @pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs} for details. A FAQ for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3912 @code{cc-mode} is available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3913 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode/}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3914
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3915 @node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3916 @section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3917 @cindex Translating names to IP addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3918 @cindex IP addresses from names
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3919 @cindex Using BIND to translate addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3920 @cindex DNS and IP addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3921
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3922 If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3923 included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3924 address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3925 ftp.gnu.org}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3926
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3927 Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3928
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3929 If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3930 files. You can get this information by e-mail:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3931
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3932 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3933 To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3934 Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3935 and options - no quotes)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3936 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3937
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3938 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3939 or:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3940
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3941 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3942 To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3943 Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3944 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3945
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3946 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3947 @node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3948 @chapter Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3949 @cindex Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3950
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3951 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3952 * VM::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3953 * Supercite::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3954 * Calc::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3955 * VIPER::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3956 * AUC-TeX::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3957 * BBDB::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3958 * Ispell::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3959 * w3-mode::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3960 * EDB::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3961 * Mailcrypt::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3962 * JDE::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3963 * Patch::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3964 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3965
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3966 @node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3967 @section VM (View Mail) --- another mail reader within Emacs, with MIME support
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3968 @cindex VM
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3969 @cindex Alternative mail software
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3970 @cindex View Mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3971 @cindex E-mail reader, VM
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3972
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3973 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3974
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3975 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3976 @email{kyle@@uunet.uu.net, Kyle Jones}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3977
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3978 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3979 6.72
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3980
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3981 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3982 @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3983
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3984 @item Informational newsgroup/mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3985 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3986 Subscription requests to @email{info-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3987 Submissions to @email{info-vm@@uunet.uu.net}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3988
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3989 @item Bug reports newsgroup/mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3990 @uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3991 Subscription requests to @email{bug-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3992 Submissions to @email{bug-vm@@uunet.uu.net}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3993 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3994
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
3995 VM 6 works with Emacs 20.4, and may cause problems with Emacs 20.3 and
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3996 below. (But note that many people seem to use Emacs 20.3 with VM 6,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3997 without any problems.) Risk-averse users might wish to try VM 5.97,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3998 available from @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
3999 site}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4000
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4001 @node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4002 @section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4003 @cindex Supercite
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4004 @cindex Superyank
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4005 @cindex Mail and news citations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4006 @cindex News and mail citations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4007 @cindex Citations in mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4008
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4009 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4010
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4011 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4012 @email{bwarsaw@@cen.com, Barry Warsaw}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4013
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4014 @item Latest version
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4015 3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs 20)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4016
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4017 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4018 @uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4019
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4020 @item Mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4021 Subscription requests to @email{supercite-request@@python.org}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4022 Submissions @email{supercite@@python.org}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4023
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4024 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4025
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4026 Superyank is an old version of Supercite.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4027
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4028 @node Calc, VIPER, Supercite, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4029 @section Calc --- poor man's Mathematica within Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4030 @cindex Programmable calculator
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4031 @cindex Calc
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4032 @cindex Mathematical package
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4033
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4034 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4035
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4036 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4037 @email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4038
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4039 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4040 2.02f
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4041
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4042 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4043 @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/calc-2.02f.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4044
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4045 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4046
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4047 Note that Calc 2.02f needs patching to work with Emacs 21 and later.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4048
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4049 @cindex @code{calculator}, a package
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4050 Emacs 21.1 and later comes with a package called @file{calculator.el}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4051 It doesn't support all the mathematical wizardry offered by Calc, such
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4052 as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4053 adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4054
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4055 @node VIPER, AUC-TeX, Calc, Major packages and programs
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4056 @section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4057 @cindex @code{vi} emulation
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4058 @cindex VIPER
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4059 @cindex Emulation of @code{vi}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4060
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4061 Since Emacs 19.29, the preferred @code{vi} emulation in Emacs is VIPER
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4062 (@kbd{M-x viper-mode @key{RET}}), which comes with Emacs. It extends
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4063 and supersedes VIP (including VIP 4.3) and provides @code{vi} emulation
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4064 at several levels, from one that closely follows @code{vi} to one that
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4065 departs from @code{vi} in several significant ways.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4066
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4067 For Emacs 19.28 and earlier, the following version of VIP is generally
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4068 better than the one distributed with Emacs:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4069
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4070 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4071 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4072 @email{sane@@cs.uiuc.edu, Aamod Sane}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4073
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4074 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4075 4.3
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4076
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4077 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4078 @uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4079
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4080 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4081
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4082 @node AUC-TeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4083 @section AUC TeX --- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4084 @cindex Mode for @TeX{}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4085 @cindex @TeX{} mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4086 @cindex AUC-TeX mode for editing @TeX{}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4087 @cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4088
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4089 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4090
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4091 @item Authors
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4092 @email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup} and@*
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4093 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4094
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4095 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4096 9.9p
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4097
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4098 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4099 @uref{ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4100
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4101 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4102 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4103
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4104 @item Mailing list:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4105 Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-request@@iesd.auc.dk}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4106 Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@iesd.auc.dk}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4107 Development team is at @email{auc-tex_mgr@@iesd.auc.dk}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4108
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4109 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4110
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4111 @node BBDB, Ispell, AUC-TeX, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4112 @section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4113 @cindex BBDB
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4114 @cindex Rolodex-like functionality
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4115 @cindex Integrated contact database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4116 @cindex Contact database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4117 @cindex Big Brother Database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4118 @cindex Address book
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4119
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4120 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4121
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4122 @item Maintainer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4123 @email{simmonmt@@acm.org, Matt Simmons}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4124
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4125 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4126 2.00
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4127
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4128 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4129 @uref{http://www.netcom.com/~simmonmt/bbdb/index.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4130
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4131 @item Mailing lists
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4132 Subscription requests to @email{info-bbdb-request@@xemacs.org}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4133 Submissions to @email{info-bbdb@@xemacs.org}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4134 Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@xemacs.org}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4135
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4136 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4137
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4138 @node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4139 @section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4140 @cindex Spell-checker
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4141 @cindex Checking spelling
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4142 @cindex Ispell
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4143
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4144 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4145
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4146 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4147 @email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4148
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4149 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4150 3.1.20
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4151
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4152 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4153 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4154
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4155 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4156 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4157
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4158 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4159
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4160 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4161
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4162 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4163 Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4164 have free e-mail.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4165
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4166 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4167 This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4168 no longer a supported product.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4169
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4170 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4171
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4172 @node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4173 @section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4174 @cindex WWW browser
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4175 @cindex Web browser
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4176 @cindex HTML browser in Emacs
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4177 @cindex @code{w3-mode}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4178
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4179 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4180
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4181 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4182 @email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4183
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4184 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4185 4.0pre.39
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4186
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4187 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4188 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4189
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4190 @item Mailing lists
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4191 Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4192 Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@*
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4193 Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4194
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4195 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4196
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4197 @node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4198 @section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4199 @cindex EDB
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4200 @cindex Database
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4201 @cindex Forms mode
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4202
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4203 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4204 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4205 @email{mernst@@theory.lcs.mit.edu, Michael Ernst}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4206
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4207 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4208 1.21
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4209
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4210 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4211 @uref{ftp://theory.lcs.mit.edu/pub/emacs/edb}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4212
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4213 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4214
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4215 @node Mailcrypt, JDE, EDB, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4216 @section Mailcrypt --- PGP interface within Emacs mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4217 @cindex PGP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4218 @cindex GPG
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4219 @cindex Interface to PGP from Emacs mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4220 @cindex News, interface to PGP from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4221 @cindex Mail, interface to PGP from
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4222 @cindex Encryption software, interface to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4223
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4224 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4225
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4226 @item Authors
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4227 @email{patl@@lcs.mit.edu, Patrick J. LoPresti} and
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4228 @email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4229
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4230 @item Maintainer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4231 @email{lbudney@@pobox.com, Len Budney}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4232
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4233 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4234 3.5.3
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4235
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4236 @item Distribution
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4237 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.3.tar.gz}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4238
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4239 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4240 @uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4241
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4242 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4243
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4244 @node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4245 @section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4246 @cindex Java development environment
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4247 @cindex Integrated Java development environment
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4248 @cindex JDE
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4249
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4250 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4251
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4252 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4253 @email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4254
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4255 @item Mailing list
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4256 jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4257
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4258 @item Latest version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4259 2.1.1
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4260
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4261 @item Web site
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4262 @uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4263
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4264 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4265
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4266 @node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4267 @section Patch --- program to apply "diffs" for updating files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4268 @cindex Updating files with diffs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4269 @cindex Patching source files with diffs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4270 @cindex Diffs and patching
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4271 @cindex @file{patch}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4272
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4273 @table @b
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4274
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4275 @item Author
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4276 @email{lwall@@wall.org, Larry Wall} (with GNU modifications)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4277
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4278 @item Latest version
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4279 2.5.4
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4280
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4281 @item Distribution
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4282 @xref{Current GNU distributions}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4283
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4284 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4285
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4286 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4287 @node Key bindings, Alternate character sets, Major packages and programs, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4288 @chapter Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4289 @cindex Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4290
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4291 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4292 * Binding keys to commands::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4293 * Invalid prefix characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4294 * Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4295 * Using function keys under X::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4296 * Working with function and arrow keys::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4297 * X key translations for Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4298 * Handling C-s and C-q with flow control::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4299 * Binding C-s and C-q::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4300 * Backspace invokes help::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4301 * stty and Backspace key::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4302 * Swapping keys::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4303 * Producing C-XXX with the keyboard::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4304 * No Meta key::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4305 * No Escape key::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4306 * Compose Character::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4307 * Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4308 * Meta key does not work in xterm::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4309 * ExtendChar key does not work as Meta::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4310 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4311
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4312 @node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4313 @section How do I bind keys (including function keys) to commands?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4314 @cindex Binding keys to commands
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4315 @cindex Keys, binding to commands
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4316 @cindex Commands, binding keys to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4317
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4318 Keys can be bound to commands either interactively or in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4319 @file{.emacs} file. To interactively bind keys for all modes, type
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4320 @kbd{M-x global-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4321
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4322 To bind a key just in the current major mode, type @kbd{M-x
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4323 local-set-key @key{RET} @var{key} @var{cmd} @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4324
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4325 @inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4326
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4327 To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4328 following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4329 type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4330 to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4331 @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is global, no changes to the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4332 command are required. For example,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4333
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4334 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4335 (global-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4336 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4337
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4338 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4339 can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4340 local, the command is used in conjunction with the "add-hook" command.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4341 For example, in tex-mode, a local binding might be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4342
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4343 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4344 (add-hook 'tex-mode-hook
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4345 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4346 (local-set-key (quote [f1]) (quote help-for-help))))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4347 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4348
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4349
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4350 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4351
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4352 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4353 Control characters in key sequences, in the form yanked from the kill
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4354 ring are given in their graphic form---i.e., @key{CTRL} is shown as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4355 @samp{^}, @key{TAB} as a set of spaces (usually 8), etc. You may want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4356 to convert these into their vector or string forms.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4357
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4358 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4359 If a prefix key of the character sequence to be bound is already
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4360 bound as a complete key, then you must unbind it before the new
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4361 binding. For example, if @kbd{ESC @{} is previously bound:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4362
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4363 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4364 (global-unset-key [?\e ?@{]) ;; or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4365 (local-unset-key [?\e ?@{])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4366 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4367
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4368 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4369 Aside from commands and ``lambda lists,'' a vector or string also
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4370 can be bound to a key and thus treated as a macro. For example:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4371
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4372 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4373 (global-set-key [f10] [?\C-x?\e?\e?\C-a?\C-k?\C-g]) ;; or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4374 (global-set-key [f10] "\C-x\e\e\C-a\C-k\C-g")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4375 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4376
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4377 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4378
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4379 @node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4380 @section Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4381 @cindex Prefix characters, invalid
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4382 @cindex Invalid prefix characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4383 @cindex Misspecified key sequences
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4384
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4385 Usually, one of two things has happened. In one case, the control
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4386 character in the key sequence has been misspecified (e.g. @samp{C-f}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4387 used instead of @samp{\C-f} within a Lisp expression). In the other
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4388 case, a @dfn{prefix key} in the keystroke sequence you were trying to bind
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4389 was already bound as a @dfn{complete key}. Historically, the @samp{ESC [}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4390 prefix was usually the problem, in which case you should evaluate either
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4391 of these forms before attempting to bind the key sequence:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4392
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4393 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4394 (global-unset-key [?\e ?[]) ;; or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4395 (global-unset-key "\e[")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4396 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4397
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4398 @node Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Using function keys under X, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4399 @section Why doesn't this [terminal or window-system setup] code work in my @file{.emacs} file, but it works just fine after Emacs starts up?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4400 @cindex Terminal setup code in @file{.emacs}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4401
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4402 During startup, Emacs initializes itself according to a given code/file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4403 order. If some of the code executed in your @file{.emacs} file needs to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4404 be postponed until the initial terminal or window-system setup code has
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4405 been executed but is not, then you will experience this problem (this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4406 code/file execution order is not enforced after startup).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4407
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4408 To postpone the execution of Emacs Lisp code until after terminal or
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4409 window-system setup, treat the code as a @dfn{lambda list} and set the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4410 value of either the @code{term-setup-hook} or @code{window-setup-hook}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4411 variable to this lambda function. For example,
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4412
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4413 @lisp
28344
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4414 (add-hook 'term-setup-hook
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4415 (lambda ()
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4416 (when (string-match "\\`vt220" (or (getenv "TERM") ""))
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4417 ;; Make vt220's "Do" key behave like M-x:
54fda0e8528a Weed out redundant uses of `function'
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 28127
diff changeset
4418 (global-set-key [do] 'execute-extended-command))))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4419 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4420
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4421 For information on what Emacs does every time it is started, see the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4422 @file{lisp/startup.el} file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4423
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4424 @node Using function keys under X, Working with function and arrow keys, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Key bindings
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
4425 @section How do I use function keys under X?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4426 @cindex Function keys
35188
94d46968a93f Don't say "X Windows". From Colin Walters <walters@cis.ohio-state.edu>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 35061
diff changeset
4427 @cindex X Window System and function keys
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4428 @cindex Binding function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4429
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4430 With Emacs 19, functions keys under X are bound like any other key. @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for details.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4431
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4432 @node Working with function and arrow keys, X key translations for Emacs, Using function keys under X, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4433 @section How do I tell what characters or symbols my function or arrow keys emit?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4434 @cindex Working with arrow keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4435 @cindex Arrow keys, symbols generated by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4436 @cindex Working with function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4437 @cindex Function keys, symbols generated by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4438 @cindex Symbols generated by function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4439
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4440 Type @kbd{C-h c} then the function or arrow keys. The command will
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4441 return either a function key symbol or character sequence (see the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4442 Emacs on-line documentation for an explanation). This works for other
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4443 keys as well.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4444
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4445 @node X key translations for Emacs, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Working with function and arrow keys, Key bindings
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4446 @section How do I set the X key ``translations'' for Emacs?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4447 @cindex X key translations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4448 @cindex Key translations under X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4449 @cindex Translations for keys under X
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4450
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4451 Emacs is not written using the Xt library by default, so there are no
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4452 ``translations'' to be set. (We aren't sure how to set such translations
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4453 if you do build Emacs with Xt; please let us know if you've done this!)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4454
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4455 The only way to affect the behavior of keys within Emacs is through
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4456 @code{xmodmap} (outside Emacs) or @code{define-key} (inside Emacs). The
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4457 @code{define-key} command should be used in conjunction with the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4458 @code{function-key-map} map. For instance,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4459
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4460 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4461 (define-key function-key-map [M-@key{TAB}] [?\M-\t])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4462 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4463
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4464 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4465 defines the @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} key sequence.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4466
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4467 @node Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q, X key translations for Emacs, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4468 @section How do I handle @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} being used for flow control?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4469 @cindex Flow control, @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4470 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} with flow control
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4471
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4472 @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} are used in the XON/XOFF flow control protocol.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4473 This messes things up when you're using Emacs over a serial line,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4474 because Emacs binds these keys to commands by default. Because Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4475 won't honor them as flow control characters, too many of these
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4476 characters are not passed on and overwhelm output buffers. Sometimes,
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4477 intermediate software using XON/XOFF flow control will prevent Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4478 from ever seeing @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4479
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4480 Possible solutions:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4481
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4482 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4483
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4484 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4485 Disable the use of @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} for flow control.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4486
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4487 You need to determine the cause of the flow control.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4488
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4489 @itemize @minus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4490
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4491 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4492 your terminal
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4493
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4494 Your terminal may use XON/XOFF flow control to have time to display
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4495 all the characters it receives. For example, VT series terminals do
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4496 this. It may be possible to turn this off from a setup menu. For
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4497 example, on a VT220 you may select ``No XOFF'' in the setup menu. This
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4498 is also true for some terminal emulation programs on PCs.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4499
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4500 When you turn off flow control at the terminal, you will also need to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4501 turn it off at the other end, which might be at the computer you are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4502 logged in to or at some terminal server in between.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4503
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4504 If you turn off flow control, characters may be lost; using a printer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4505 connected to the terminal may fail. You may be able to get around
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4506 this problem by modifying the @samp{termcap} entry for your terminal to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4507 include extra NUL padding characters.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4508
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4509 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4510 a modem
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4511
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4512 If you are using a dialup connection, the modems may be using
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4513 XON/XOFF flow control. It's not clear how to get around this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4514
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4515 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4516 a router or terminal server
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4517
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4518 Some network box between the terminal and your computer may be using
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4519 XON/XOFF flow control. It may be possible to make it use some other
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4520 kind of flow control. You will probably have to ask your local
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4521 network experts for help with this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4522
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4523 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4524 @code{tty} and/or @code{pty} devices
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4525
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4526 If your connection to Emacs goes through multiple @code{tty} and/or
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4527 @code{pty} devices, they may be using XON/XOFF flow control even when it
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4528 is not necessary.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4529
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4530 @email{eirik@@theory.tn.cornell.edu, Eirik Fuller} writes:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4531
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4532 @quotation
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4533 Some versions of @code{rlogin} (and possibly @code{telnet}) do not pass
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4534 flow control characters to the remote system to which they connect. On
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4535 such systems, Emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow control on
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4536 the local system. Sometimes @samp{rlogin -8} will avoid this problem.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4537
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4538 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host (the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4539 one running @code{rlogin}, not the one running @code{rlogind}) using the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4540 @code{stty} command, before starting the @code{rlogin} process. On many
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4541 systems, @samp{stty start u stop u} will do this.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4542
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4543 Some versions of @samp{tcsh} will prevent even this from working. One
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4544 way around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4545 and issue the @samp{stty} command to disable flow control from that shell.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4546 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4547
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4548 Use @samp{stty -ixon} instead of @samp{stty start u stop u} on some systems.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4549
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4550 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4551
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4552 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4553 Make Emacs speak the XON/XOFF flow control protocol.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4554
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4555 You can make Emacs treat @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} as flow control characters by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4556 evaluating the form
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4557
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4558 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4559 (enable-flow-control)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4560 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4561
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4562 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4563 to unconditionally enable flow control or
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4564
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4565 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4566 (enable-flow-control-on "vt100" "h19")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4567 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4568
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4569 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4570 (using your terminal names instead of @samp{vt100} or @samp{h19}) to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4571 enable selectively. These commands will automatically swap @kbd{C-s}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4572 and @kbd{C-q} to @kbd{C-\} and @kbd{C-^}. Variables can be used to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4573 change the default swap keys (@code{flow-control-c-s-replacement} and
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4574 @code{flow-control-c-q-replacement}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4575
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4576 If you are fixing this for yourself, simply put the form in your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4577 @file{.emacs} file. If you are fixing this for your entire site, the
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4578 best place to put it is in the @file{site-lisp/site-start.el} file.
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4579 (Here @file{site-lisp} is actually a subdirectory of your Emacs
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4580 installation directory, typically @file{/usr/local/share/emacs}.)
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4581 Putting this form in @file{site-lisp/default.el} has the problem that
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4582 if the user's @file{.emacs} file has an error, this will prevent
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4583 @file{default.el} from being loaded and Emacs may be unusable for the
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4584 user, even for correcting their @file{.emacs} file (unless they're
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4585 smart enough to move it to another name).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4586
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4587 @code{enable-flow-control} can be invoked interactively as well:
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4588 @kbd{M-x enable-flow-control @key{RET}}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4589
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4590 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4591
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4592 For further discussion of this issue, read the file @file{etc/PROBLEMS}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4593 (in the Emacs source directory when you unpack the Emacs distribution).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4594
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4595 @node Binding C-s and C-q, Backspace invokes help, Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4596 @section How do I bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q} (or any key) if these keys are filtered out?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4597 @cindex Binding @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4598 @cindex @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, binding
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4599
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4600 To bind @kbd{C-s} and @kbd{C-q}, use either @code{enable-flow-control}
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4601 or @code{enable-flow-control-on}. @xref{Handling C-s and C-q with flow
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4602 control}, for usage and implementation details.
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4603
37597
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4604 To bind other keys, use @code{keyboard-translate}. @xref{Swapping
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4605 keys}, for usage details. To do this for an entire site, you should
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4606 swap the keys in @file{site-lisp/site-start.el}. @xref{Handling C-s
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4607 and C-q with flow control}, for an explanation of why
95a1e7b6d4cf (Handling C-s and C-q with flow control, Binding C-s and C-q): Update the
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37530
diff changeset
4608 @file{site-lisp/default.el} should not be used.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4609
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4610 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4611
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4612 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4613 If you do this for an entire site, the users will be confused by
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4614 the disparity between what the documentation says and how Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4615 actually behaves.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4616
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4617 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4618
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4619 @node Backspace invokes help, stty and Backspace key, Binding C-s and C-q, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4620 @section Why does the @key{Backspace} key invoke help?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4621 @cindex Backspace key invokes help
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4622 @cindex Help invoked by Backspace
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4623
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4624 The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates ASCII code 8.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4625 @kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4626 help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4627 letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4628 is to use @kbd{C-h} (and @key{Backspace}) for help and @key{DEL} (the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4629 @key{Delete} key) for deleting the previous character.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4630
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4631 For many people this solution may be problematic:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4632
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4633 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4634
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4635 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4636 They normally use @key{Backspace} outside of Emacs for deleting the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4637 previous character. This can be solved by making @key{DEL} the command
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4638 for deleting the previous character outside of Emacs. On many Unix
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4639 systems, this command will remap @key{DEL}:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4640
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4641 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4642 stty erase `^?'
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4643 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4644
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4645 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4646 The user may prefer the @key{Backspace} key for deleting the
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4647 previous character because it is more conveniently located on their
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4648 keyboard or because they don't even have a separate @key{Delete} key.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4649 In this case, the @key{Backspace} key should be made to behave like
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4650 @key{Delete}. There are several methods.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4651
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4652 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4653 Some terminals (e.g., VT3## terminals) allow the character generated
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4654 by the @key{Backspace} key to be changed from a setup menu.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4655
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4656 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4657 You may be able to get a keyboard that is completely programmable.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4658
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4659 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4660 Under X or on a dumb terminal, it is possible to swap the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4661 @key{Backspace} and @key{Delete} keys inside Emacs:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4662
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4663 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4664 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4665 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4666
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4667 @xref{Swapping keys}, for further details of "keyboard-translate".
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4668
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4669 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4670 Another approach is to switch key bindings and put help on @kbd{C-x h}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4671 instead:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4672
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4673 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4674 (global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4675
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4676 ;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4677 (global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4678 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4679
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4680 Other popular key bindings for help are @kbd{M-?} and @kbd{C-x ?}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4681
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4682 Don't try to bind @key{DEL} to @code{help-command}, because there are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4683 many modes that have local bindings of @key{DEL} that will interfere.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4684
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4685 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4686
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4687 When Emacs 21 or later runs on a windowed display, it binds the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4688 @key{Delete} key to a command which deletes the character at point, to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4689 make Emacs more consistent with keyboard operation on these systems.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4690
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4691 @node stty and Backspace key, Swapping keys, Backspace invokes help, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4692 @section Why doesn't Emacs look at the @file{stty} settings for @key{Backspace} vs. @key{Delete}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4693 @cindex @file{stty} and Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4694 @cindex Backspace and @file{stty}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4695 @cindex Delete and @file{stty}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4696
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4697 Good question!
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4698
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4699 @c FIXME: RMS explained the reasons for this on emacs-hackers. It's
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4700 @c probably worth putting that explanation here.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4701
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4702 @node Swapping keys, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, stty and Backspace key, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4703 @section How do I swap two keys?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4704 @cindex Swapping keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4705 @cindex Keys, swapping
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4706 @cindex @code{keyboard-translate}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4707
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4708 In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4709 @code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} into
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4710 @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4711
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4712 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4713 (keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4714 (keyboard-translate ?\C-? ?\C-h) ; translate DEL to `C-h'.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4715 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4716
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4717 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4718 The first key sequence of the pair after the function identifies what is
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4719 produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4720 keymaps.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4721
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4722 Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4723 Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4724 there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4725 character that Emacs reads from the terminal. Keyboard translations
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4726 take place at the lowest level of input processing; the keys that are
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4727 looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4728 translation.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4729
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4730 @inforef{Keyboard Translations, Keyboard Translations, emacs}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4731
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4732 @node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4733 @section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4734 @cindex Producing control characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4735 @cindex Generating control characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4736 @cindex Control characters, generating
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4737
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4738 On terminals (but not under X), some common "aliases" are:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4739
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4740 @table @asis
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4741
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4742 @item @kbd{C-2} or @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4743 @kbd{C-@@}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4744
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4745 @item @kbd{C-6}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4746 @kbd{C-^}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4747
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4748 @item @kbd{C-7} or @kbd{C-S--}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4749 @kbd{C-_}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4750
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4751 @item @kbd{C-4}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4752 @kbd{C-\}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4753
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4754 @item @kbd{C-5}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4755 @kbd{C-]}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4756
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4757 @item @kbd{C-/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4758 @kbd{C-?}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4759
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4760 @end table
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4761
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4762 Often other aliases exist; use the @kbd{C-h c} command and try
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4763 @key{CTRL} with all of the digits on your keyboard to see what gets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4764 generated. You can also try the @kbd{C-h w} command if you know the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4765 name of the command.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4766
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4767 @node No Meta key, No Escape key, Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4768 @section What if I don't have a @key{Meta} key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4769 @cindex No @key{Meta} key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4770 @cindex @key{Meta} key, what to do if you lack it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4771
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4772 On many keyboards, the @key{Alt} key acts as @key{Meta}, so try it.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4773
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4774 Instead of typing @kbd{M-a}, you can type @kbd{@key{ESC} a}. In fact,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4775 Emacs converts @kbd{M-a} internally into @kbd{@key{ESC} a} anyway
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4776 (depending on the value of @code{meta-prefix-char}). Note that you
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4777 press @key{Meta} and @key{a} together, but with @key{ESC}, you press
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4778 @key{ESC}, release it, and then press @key{a}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4779
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4780 @node No Escape key, Compose Character, No Meta key, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4781 @section What if I don't have an @key{Escape} key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4782 @cindex No Escape key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4783 @cindex Lacking an Escape key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4784 @cindex Escape key, lacking
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4785
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4786 Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4787 Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4788 under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4789 generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4790
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4791 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4792 ;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4793 (define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e])
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4794 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4795
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4796 @node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4797 @section Can I make my @key{Compose Character} key behave like a @key{Meta} key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4798 @cindex @key{Compose Character} key, using as @key{Meta}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4799 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{Compose Character} for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4800
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4801 On a dumb terminal such as a VT220, no. It is rumored that certain
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4802 VT220 clones could have their @key{Compose} key configured this way. If
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4803 you're using X, you might be able to do this with the @code{xmodmap}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4804 command.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4805
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4806 @node Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Meta key does not work in xterm, Compose Character, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4807 @section How do I bind a combination of modifier key and function key?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4808 @cindex Modifiers and function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4809 @cindex Function keys and modifiers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4810 @cindex Binding modifiers and function keys
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4811
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4812 With Emacs 19 and later, you can represent modified function keys in
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4813 vector format by adding prefixes to the function key symbol. For
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4814 example (from the on-line documentation):
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4815
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4816 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4817 (global-set-key [?\C-x right] 'forward-page)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4818 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4819
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4820 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4821 where @samp{?\C-x} is the Lisp character constant for the character @kbd{C-x}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4822
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4823 You can use the modifier keys @key{Control}, @key{Meta}, @key{Hyper},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4824 @key{Super}, @key{Alt}, and @key{Shift} with function keys. To
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4825 represent these modifiers, prepend the strings @samp{C-}, @samp{M-},
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4826 @samp{H-}, @samp{s-}, @samp{A-}, and @samp{S-} to the symbol name. Here
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4827 is how to make @kbd{H-M-RIGHT} move forward a word:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4828
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4829 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4830 (global-set-key [H-M-right] 'forward-word)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4831 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4832
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4833 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4834
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4835 @item
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4836 Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper},
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4837 @key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4838 terminals. Non-ASCII keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and
36515
9df3f07f2643 Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36383
diff changeset
4839 @kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4840
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4841 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4842
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
4843 @xref{Binding keys to commands}, for general key binding instructions.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4844
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4845 @node Meta key does not work in xterm, ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, Key bindings
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4846 @section Why doesn't my @key{Meta} key work in an @code{xterm} window?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4847 @cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4848 @cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4849
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4850 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4851 Support, emacs}.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4852
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4853 If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4854 asking for further help:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4855
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4856 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4857
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4858 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4859 You may have big problems using @code{mwm} as your window manager.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4860 (Does anyone know a good generic solution to allow the use of the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4861 @key{Meta} key in Emacs with @file{mwm}?)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4862
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4863 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4864 For X11: Make sure it really is a @key{Meta} key. Use @code{xev} to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4865 find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either
37530
d4b1acaf82b0 Markup and proofreading fixes from YAGI Tatsuya <yagi@is.titech.ac.jp>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 37447
diff changeset
4866 @code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4867 the situation.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4868
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4869 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4870 Make sure the @code{pty} the @code{xterm} is using is passing 8 bit
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4871 characters. @samp{stty -a} (or @samp{stty everything}) should show
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4872 @samp{cs8} somewhere. If it shows @samp{cs7} instead, use @samp{stty
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4873 cs8 -istrip} (or @samp{stty pass8}) to fix it.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4874
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4875 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4876 If there is an @code{rlogin} connection between @code{xterm} and Emacs, the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4877 @samp{-8} argument may need to be given to rlogin to make it pass all 8 bits
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4878 of every character.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4879
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4880 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4881 If Emacs is running on Ultrix, it is reported that evaluating
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4882 @code{(set-input-mode t nil)} helps.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4883
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4884 @item
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4885 If all else fails, you can make @code{xterm} generate @kbd{@key{ESC} W} when
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4886 you type @kbd{M-W}, which is the same conversion Emacs would make if it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4887 got the @kbd{M-W} anyway. In X11R4, the following resource
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4888 specification will do this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4889
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4890 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4891 XTerm.VT100.EightBitInput: false
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4892 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4893
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4894 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4895 (This changes the behavior of the @code{insert-eight-bit} action.)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4896
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4897 With older @code{xterm}s, you can specify this behavior with a translation:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4898
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4899 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4900 XTerm.VT100.Translations: #override \
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4901 Meta<KeyPress>: string(0x1b) insert()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4902 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4903
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4904 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4905 You might have to replace @samp{Meta} with @samp{Alt}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4906
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4907 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4908
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4909 @node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4910 @section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4911 @cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4912 @cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4913 @cindex HP-UX, the @key{ExtendChar} key
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4914
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4915 This is a result of an internationalization extension in X11R4 and the
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4916 fact that HP is now using this extension. Emacs assumes that the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4917 @code{XLookupString} function returns the same result regardless of the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4918 @key{Meta} key state which is no longer necessarily true. Until Emacs
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4919 is fixed, the temporary kludge is to run this command after each time
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4920 the X server is started but preferably before any xterm clients are:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4921
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4922 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4923 xmodmap -e 'remove mod1 = Mode_switch'
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4924 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4925
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4926 @c FIXME: Emacs 21 supports I18N in X11; does that mean that this bug is
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4927 @c solved?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4928
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4929 This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4930 undesirable if you actually intend to use them.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4931
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4932 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4933 @node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4934 @chapter Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4935 @cindex Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4936
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4937 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4938 * Emacs does not display 8-bit characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4939 * Inputting eight-bit characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4940 * Kanji and Chinese characters::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4941 * Right-to-left alphabets::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4942 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4943
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4944 @node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4945 @section How do I make Emacs display 8-bit characters?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4946 @cindex Displaying eight-bit characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4947 @cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4948
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4949 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set
36842
654b53bab583 Change "character terminal" to "text-only terminal".
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 36515
diff changeset
4950 Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4951 display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4952 @code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4953 display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4954 non-ASCII characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4955 systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4956 character set supported by the display, and sets up the required
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4957 terminal coding system automatically.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4958
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4959 @node Inputting eight-bit characters, Kanji and Chinese characters, Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4960 @section How do I input eight-bit characters?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4961 @cindex Entering eight-bit characters
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4962 @cindex Eight-bit characters, entering
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4963 @cindex Input, 8-bit characters
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4964
28127
ce57565effde Fix copyright lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27352
diff changeset
4965 Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4966 @inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4967 Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input
28127
ce57565effde Fix copyright lines.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 27352
diff changeset
4968 Methods, Input Methods, emacs}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4969
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4970 @node Kanji and Chinese characters, Right-to-left alphabets, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4971 @section Where can I get an Emacs that handles kanji, Chinese, or other Far-Eastern character sets?
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4972 @cindex Kanji, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4973 @cindex Chinese, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4974 @cindex Japanese, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4975 @cindex Korean, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4976
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4977 Emacs 20 and later includes many of the features of MULE, the MULtilingual
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4978 Enhancement to Emacs. @xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on where
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4979 to find and download the latest version of Emacs.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4980
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4981 @node Right-to-left alphabets, , Kanji and Chinese characters, Alternate character sets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4982 @section Where is an Emacs that can handle Semitic (right-to-left) alphabets?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4983 @cindex Right-to-left alphabets
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4984 @cindex Hebrew, handling with Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4985 @cindex Semitic alphabets
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4986 @cindex Arabic alphabets
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4987
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4988 Emacs 20 and later supports Hebrew characters (ISO 8859-8), but does not
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4989 yet support right-to-left character entry and display.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4990
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4991 @email{joel@@exc.com, Joel M. Hoffman} has written a Lisp package called
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4992 @file{hebrew.el} that allows right-to-left editing of Hebrew. It
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4993 reportedly works out of the box with Emacs 19, but requires patches for
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4994 Emacs 18. Write to Joel if you want the patches or package.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
4995
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4996 @c FIXME: Should we mention Ehud Karni's package?
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4997
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
4998 @file{hebrew.el} requires a Hebrew screen font, but no other hardware support.
36515
9df3f07f2643 Fix case convention for mouse click.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36383
diff changeset
4999 Joel has a screen font for PCs running MS-DOS or GNU/Linux.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5000
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5001 You might also try to query archie for files named with @file{hebrew};
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5002 several ftp sites in Israel may also have the necessary files.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5003
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5004 @c ------------------------------------------------------------
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5005 @node Mail and news, Concept index, Alternate character sets, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5006 @chapter Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5007 @cindex Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5008
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5009 @menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5010 * Changing the included text prefix::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5011 * Saving a copy of outgoing mail::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5012 * Expanding aliases when sending mail::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5013 * Rmail thinks all messages are one big one::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5014 * Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5015 * Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5016 * Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5017 * Replying to the sender of a message::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5018 * MIME with Emacs mail packages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5019 * Automatically starting a mail or news reader::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5020 * Reading news with Emacs::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5021 * Gnus does not work with NNTP::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5022 * Viewing articles with embedded underlining::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5023 * Saving a multi-part Gnus posting::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5024 * Starting Gnus faster::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5025 * Catching up in all newsgroups::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5026 * Killing based on nonstandard headers::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5027 * Removing flashing messages::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5028 * Catch-up is slow in Gnus::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5029 * Gnus hangs for a long time::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5030 * Learning more about Gnus::
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5031 @end menu
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5032
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5033 @node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5034 @section How do I change the included text prefix in mail/news followups?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5035 @cindex Prefix in mail/news followups, changing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5036 @cindex Included text prefix, changing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5037 @cindex Setting the included text character
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5038 @cindex Quoting in mail messages
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5039
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5040 If you read mail with Rmail or news with Gnus, set the variable
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5041 @code{mail-yank-prefix}. For VM, set @code{vm-included-text-prefix}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5042 For mh-e, set @code{mh-ins-buf-prefix}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5043
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5044 For fancier control of citations, use Supercite. @xref{Supercite}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5045
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5046 To prevent Emacs from including various headers of the replied-to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5047 message, set the value of @code{mail-yank-ignored-headers} to an
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5048 appropriate regexp.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5049
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5050 @node Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Changing the included text prefix, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5051 @section How do I save a copy of outgoing mail?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5052 @cindex Saving a copy of outgoing mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5053 @cindex Copying outgoing mail to a file
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5054 @cindex Filing outgoing mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5055 @cindex Automatic filing of outgoing mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5056 @cindex Mail, saving outgoing automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5057
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5058 You can either mail yourself a copy by including a @samp{BCC} header in the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5059 mail message, or store a copy of the message directly to a file by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5060 including an @samp{FCC} header.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5061
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5062 If you use standard mail, you can automatically create a @samp{BCC} to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5063 yourself by putting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5064
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5065 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5066 (setq mail-self-blind t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5067 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5068
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5069 @noindent
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5070 in your @file{.emacs} file. You can automatically include an @samp{FCC}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5071 field by putting something like the following in your @file{.emacs}
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5072 file:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5073
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5074 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5075 (setq mail-archive-file-name (expand-file-name "~/outgoing"))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5076 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5077
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5078 The output file will be in Unix mail format, which can be read directly
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5079 by VM, but not always by Rmail. @xref{Learning how to do something}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5080
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5081 If you use @code{mh-e}, add an @samp{FCC} or @samp{BCC} field to your
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5082 components file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5083
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5084 It does not work to put @samp{set record filename} in the @file{.mailrc}
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5085 file.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5086
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5087 @node Expanding aliases when sending mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5088 @section Why doesn't Emacs expand my aliases when sending mail?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5089 @cindex Expanding aliases when sending mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5090 @cindex Mail alias expansion
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5091 @cindex Sending mail with aliases
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5092
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5093 @itemize @bullet
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5094
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5095 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5096 You must separate multiple addresses in the headers of the mail buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5097 with commas. This is because Emacs supports RFC822 standard addresses
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5098 like this one:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5099
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5100 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5101 To: Willy Smith <wks@@xpnsv.lwyrs.com>
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5102 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5103
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5104 However, you do not need to---and probably should not, unless your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5105 system's version of @file{/usr/ucb/mail} (a.k.a.@: @code{mailx})
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5106 supports RFC822---separate addresses with commas in your
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5107 @file{~/.mailrc} file.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5108
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5109 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5110 Emacs normally only reads the @file{.mailrc} file once per session,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5111 when you start to compose your first mail message. If you edit
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5112 @file{.mailrc}, you can type @kbd{M-x rebuild-mail-abbrevs @key{RET}} to
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5113 make Emacs reread @file{~/.mailrc}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5114
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5115 @item
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5116 If you like, you can expand mail aliases as abbrevs, as soon as you
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5117 type them in. To enable this feature, execute the following:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5118
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5119 @lisp
34922
962646fc3a58 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents: 34741
diff changeset
5120 (add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'mail-abbrevs-setup)
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5121 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5122
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5123 Note that the aliases are expanded automatically only after you type
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5124 @key{RET} or a punctuation character (e.g. @kbd{,}). You can force their
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5125 expansion by moving point to the end of the alias and typing @kbd{C-x a e}
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5126 (@kbd{M-x expand-abbrev}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5127 @end itemize
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5128
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5129 @node Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Expanding aliases when sending mail, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5130 @section Why does Rmail think all my saved messages are one big message?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5131 @cindex Rmail thinks all messages are one large message
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5132
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5133 A file created through the @samp{FCC} field in a message is in Unix mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5134 format, not the format that Rmail uses (BABYL format). Rmail will try
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5135 to convert a Unix mail file into BABYL format on input, but sometimes it
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5136 makes errors. For guaranteed safety, you can make the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5137 @file{saved-messages} file be an inbox for your Rmail file by using the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5138 function @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5139
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5140 @node Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Rmail thinks all messages are one big one, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5141 @section How can I sort the messages in my Rmail folder?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5142 @cindex Rmail, sorting messages in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5143 @cindex Folder, sorting messages in an Rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5144 @cindex Sorting messages in an Rmail folder
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5145
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5146 In Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-s C-h} to get a list of sorting functions
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5147 and their key bindings.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5148
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5149 @node Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5150 @section Why does Rmail need to write to @file{/usr/spool/mail}?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5151 @cindex Rmail and @file{/usr/spool/mail}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5152 @cindex @file{/usr/spool/mail} and Rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5153
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5154 This is the behavior of the @code{movemail} program which Rmail uses.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5155 This indicates that @code{movemail} is configured to use lock files.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5156
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5157 RMS writes:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5158
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5159 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5160 Certain systems require lock files to interlock access to mail files.
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5161 On these systems, @code{movemail} must write lock files, or you risk losing
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5162 mail. You simply must arrange to let @code{movemail} write them.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5163
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5164 Other systems use the @code{flock} system call to interlock access. On
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5165 these systems, you should configure @code{movemail} to use @code{flock}.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5166 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5167
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5168 @node Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Replying to the sender of a message, Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5169 @section How do I recover my mail files after Rmail munges their format?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5170 @cindex Recovering munged mail files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5171 @cindex Rmail munged my files
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5172 @cindex Mail files, recovering those munged by Rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5173
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5174 If you have just done @kbd{M-x rmail-input} on a file and you don't want
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5175 to save it in Rmail's format (called BABYL), just kill the buffer (with
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5176 @kbd{C-x k}).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5177
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5178 @cindex Exporting messages as Unix mail files
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5179 If you typed @kbd{M-x rmail} and it read some messages out of your inbox
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5180 and you want to put them in a Unix mail file, use @kbd{C-o} on each
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5181 message.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5182
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5183 @cindex Converting from BABYL to Unix mail format
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5184 @cindex @code{unrmail} command
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5185 If you want to convert an existing file from BABYL format to Unix mail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5186 format, use the command @kbd{M-x unrmail}: it will prompt you for the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5187 input and output file names.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5188
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5189 @node Replying to the sender of a message, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5190 @section How can I force Rmail to reply to the sender of a message, but not the other recipients?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5191 @cindex Replying only to the sender of a message
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5192 @cindex Sender, replying only to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5193 @cindex Rmail, replying to the sender of a message in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5194
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5195 @email{isaacson@@seas.upenn.edu, Ron Isaacson} says: When you hit
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5196 @key{r} to reply in Rmail, by default it CCs all of the original
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5197 recipients (everyone on the original @samp{To} and @samp{CC}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5198 lists). With a prefix argument (i.e., typing @kbd{C-u} before @key{r}),
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5199 it replies only to the sender. However, going through the whole
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5200 @kbd{C-u} business every time you want to reply is a pain. This is the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5201 best fix I've been able to come up with:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5202
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5203 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5204 (defun rmail-reply-t ()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5205 "Reply only to the sender of the current message. (See rmail-reply.)"
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5206 (interactive)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5207 (rmail-reply t))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5208
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5209 (add-hook 'rmail-mode-hook
34151
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5210 (lambda ()
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5211 (define-key rmail-mode-map "r" 'rmail-reply-t)
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5212 (define-key rmail-mode-map "R" 'rmail-reply)))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5213 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5214
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5215 @node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5216 @section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5217 @cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5218 @cindex Mail packages and MIME
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5219 @cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5220
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5221 Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu,
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5222 MacDonald Hall Jackson} at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5223
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5224 @uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5225
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5226 Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5227 and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5228 support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5229
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5230 @node Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Reading news with Emacs, MIME with Emacs mail packages, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5231 @section How do I make Emacs automatically start my mail/news reader?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5232 @cindex Mail reader, starting automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5233 @cindex News reader, starting automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5234 @cindex Starting mail/news reader automatically
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5235
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5236 To start Emacs in Gnus:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5237
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5238 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5239 emacs -f gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5240 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5241
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5242 @noindent
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5243 in Rmail:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5244
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5245 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5246 emacs -f rmail
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5247 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5248
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5249 A more convenient way to start with Gnus:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5250
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5251 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5252 alias gnus 'emacs -f gnus'
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5253 gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5254 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5255
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5256 It is probably unwise to automatically start your mail or news reader
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5257 from your @file{.emacs} file. This would cause problems if you needed to run
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5258 two copies of Emacs at the same time. Also, this would make it difficult for
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5259 you to start Emacs quickly when you needed to.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5260
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5261 @node Reading news with Emacs, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5262 @section How do I read news under Emacs?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5263 @cindex Reading news under Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5264 @cindex Usenet reader in Emacs
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5265 @cindex Gnus newsreader
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5266
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5267 Use @kbd{M-x gnus}. It is documented in Info (@pxref{Learning how to do
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5268 something}).
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5269
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5270 @node Gnus does not work with NNTP, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Reading news with Emacs, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5271 @section Why doesn't Gnus work via NNTP?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5272 @cindex Gnus and NNTP
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5273 @cindex NNTP, Gnus fails to work with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5274
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5275 There is a bug in NNTP version 1.5.10, such that when multiple requests
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5276 are sent to the NNTP server, the server only handles the first one
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5277 before blocking waiting for more input which never comes. NNTP version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5278 1.5.11 claims to fix this.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5279
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5280 You can work around the bug inside Emacs like this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5281
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5282 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5283 (setq nntp-maximum-request 1)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5284 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5285
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5286 You can find out what version of NNTP your news server is running by
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5287 telnetting to the NNTP port (usually 119) on the news server machine
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5288 (i.e., @kbd{telnet server-machine 119}). The server should give its
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5289 version number in the welcome message. Type @kbd{quit} to get out.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5290
25476
b776520fb36d General changes sent to Lerner, plus some XEmacs expurgation.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25474
diff changeset
5291 @xref{Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode}, for some additional ideas.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5292
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5293 @node Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Gnus does not work with NNTP, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5294 @section How do I view news articles with embedded underlining (e.g., ClariNews)?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5295 @cindex Underlining, embedded in news articles
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5296 @cindex News articles with embedded underlining
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5297 @cindex Embedded underlining in news articles
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5298
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5299 Underlining appears like this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5300
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5301 @example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5302 _^Hu_^Hn_^Hd_^He_^Hr_^Hl_^Hi_^Hn_^Hi_^Hn_^Hg
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5303 @end example
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5304
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5305 @email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen} suggests using the following
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5306 code, which uses the underline face to turn such text into true
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5307 underlining, inconjunction with Gnus:
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5308
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5309 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5310 (defun gnus-article-prepare-overstrike ()
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5311 ;; Prepare article for overstrike commands.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5312 (save-excursion
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5313 (set-buffer gnus-article-buffer)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5314 (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5315 (goto-char (point-min))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5316 (while (search-forward "\b" nil t)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5317 (let ((next (following-char))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5318 (previous (char-after (- (point) 2))))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5319 (cond ((eq next previous)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5320 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5321 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5322 'face 'bold))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5323 ((eq next ?_)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5324 (delete-region (1- (point)) (1+ (point)))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5325 (put-text-property (1- (point)) (point)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5326 'face 'underline))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5327 ((eq previous ?_)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5328 (delete-region (- (point) 2) (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5329 (put-text-property (point) (1+ (point))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5330 'face 'underline))))))))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5331
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5332 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-overstrike)
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5333 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5334
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5335 Latest versions of Gnus do such a conversion automatically.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5336
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5337 If you prefer to do away with underlining altogether, you can
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5338 destructively remove it with @kbd{M-x ununderline-region}; do this
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5339 automatically via
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5340
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5341 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5342 (add-hook 'gnus-article-prepare-hook
34151
33df9c2e70bf Don't quote lambdas.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents: 30692
diff changeset
5343 (lambda () (ununderline-region (point-min) (point-max))))
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5344 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5345
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5346 @node Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Starting Gnus faster, Viewing articles with embedded underlining, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5347 @section How do I save all the items of a multi-part posting in Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5348 @cindex Multi-part postings in Gnus, saving
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5349 @cindex Saving multi-part postings in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5350 @cindex Gnus, saving multi-part postings in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5351
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5352 Use @code{gnus-uu}. Type @kbd{C-c C-v C-h} in the Gnus summary buffer
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5353 to see a list of available commands.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5354
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5355 @node Starting Gnus faster, Catching up in all newsgroups, Saving a multi-part Gnus posting, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5356 @section How do I make Gnus start up faster?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5357 @cindex Faster, starting Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5358 @cindex Starting Gnus faster
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5359 @cindex Gnus, starting faster
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5360
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5361 From the Gnus FAQ (@pxref{Learning more about Gnus}):
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5362
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5363 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5364 @email{pktiwari@@eos.ncsu.edu, Pranav Kumar Tiwari} writes: I posted
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5365 the same query recently and I got an answer to it. I am going to
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5366 repeat the answer. What you need is a newer version of gnus, version
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5367 5.0.4+. I am using 5.0.12 and it works fine with me with the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5368 following settings:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5369
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5370 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5371 (setq gnus-check-new-newsgroups nil
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5372 gnus-read-active-file 'some
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5373 gnus-nov-is-evil nil
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5374 gnus-select-method '(nntp gnus-nntp-server))
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5375 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5376 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5377
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5378 @node Catching up in all newsgroups, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Starting Gnus faster, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5379 @section How do I catch up all newsgroups in Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5380 @cindex Catching up all newsgroups in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5381 @cindex Gnus, Catching up all newsgroups in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5382
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5383 In the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer, type @kbd{M-< C-x ( c y C-x ) M-0 C-x e}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5384
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5385 Leave off the initial @kbd{M-<} if you only want to catch up from point
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5386 to the end of the @file{*Newsgroup*} buffer.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5387
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5388 @node Killing based on nonstandard headers, Removing flashing messages, Catching up in all newsgroups, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5389 @section Why can't I kill in Gnus based on the Newsgroups/Keywords/Control headers?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5390 @cindex Killing articles based on nonstandard headers
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5391 @cindex Newsgroups header, killing articles based on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5392 @cindex Keywords header, killing articles based on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5393 @cindex Control header, killing articles based on
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5394
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5395 Gnus will complain that the @samp{Newsgroups}, @samp{Keywords}, and
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5396 @samp{Control} headers are ``Unknown header'' fields.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5397
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5398 For the @samp{Newsgroups} header, there is an easy workaround: kill on the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5399 @samp{Xref} header instead, which will be present on any cross-posted article
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5400 (as long as your site carries the cross-post group).
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5401
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5402 If you really want to kill on one of these headers, you can do it like
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5403 this:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5404
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5405 @lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5406 (gnus-kill nil "^Newsgroups: .*\\(bad\\.group\\|worse\\.group\\)")
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5407 @end lisp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5408
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5409 @node Removing flashing messages, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Killing based on nonstandard headers, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5410 @section How do I get rid of flashing messages in Gnus for slow connections?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5411 @cindex Flashing Gnus messages, removing
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5412 @cindex Removing flashing Gnus messages
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5413 @cindex Slow connections causing flashing messages in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5414 @cindex Gnus, flashing messages in
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5415
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5416 Set @code{nntp-debug-read} to @code{nil}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5417
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5418 @node Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Gnus hangs for a long time, Removing flashing messages, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5419 @section Why is catch up slow in Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5420 @cindex Slow catch up in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5421 @cindex Gnus is slow when catching up
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5422 @cindex Crosspostings make Gnus catching up slow
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5423
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5424 Because Gnus is marking crosspostings read. You can control this with
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5425 the variable @code{gnus-use-cross-reference}.
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5426
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5427 @node Gnus hangs for a long time, Learning more about Gnus, Catch-up is slow in Gnus, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5428 @section Why does Gnus hang for a long time when posting?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5429 @cindex Hangs in Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5430 @cindex Gnus hangs while posting
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5431 @cindex Posting, Gnus hangs wile
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5432
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5433 @email{tale@@uunet.uu.net, David Lawrence} explains:
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5434
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5435 @quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5436 The problem is almost always interaction between NNTP and C News. NNTP
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5437 POST asks C News's @code{inews} to not background itself but rather hang
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5438 around and give its exit status so it knows whether the post was successful.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5439 (That wait will on some systems not return the exit status of the
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5440 waited for job is a different sort of problem.) It ends up taking a
34741
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5441 long time because @code{inews} is calling @code{relaynews}, which often
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5442 waits for another @code{relaynews} to free the lock on the news system
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5443 so it can file the article.
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5444
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5445 My preferred solution is to change @code{inews} to not call
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5446 @code{relaynews}, but rather use @code{newsspool}. This loses some
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5447 error-catching functionality, but is for the most part safe as
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5448 @code{inews} will detect a lot of the errors on its own. The C News
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5449 folks have sped up @code{inews}, too, so speed should look better to
13240ff7920b Many changes to make it consistent with Emacs 21.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents: 34151
diff changeset
5450 most folks as that update propagates around.
25474
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5451 @end quotation
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5452
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5453 @node Learning more about Gnus, , Gnus hangs for a long time, Mail and news
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5454 @section Where can I find out more about Gnus?
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5455 @cindex FAQ for Gnus
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5456 @cindex Gnus FAQ
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5457 @cindex Learning more about GNU
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5458
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5459 Look for the Gnus FAQ, available at
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5460
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5461 @uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/}
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5462
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5463 @node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5464 @unnumbered Concept Index
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5465 @printindex cp
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5466
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5467 @contents
e87d80337a64 Initial revision
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
5468 @bye