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annotate lispref/display.texi @ 58534:c655bc81dfc0
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author | Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz> |
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date | Fri, 26 Nov 2004 15:41:22 +0000 |
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6598 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
45745 | 3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 |
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4 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6598 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/display | |
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7 @node Display, Calendar, Processes, Top |
6598 | 8 @chapter Emacs Display |
9 | |
10 This chapter describes a number of features related to the display | |
11 that Emacs presents to the user. | |
12 | |
13 @menu | |
14 * Refresh Screen:: Clearing the screen and redrawing everything on it. | |
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15 * Forcing Redisplay:: Forcing redisplay. |
6598 | 16 * Truncation:: Folding or wrapping long text lines. |
17 * The Echo Area:: Where messages are displayed. | |
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18 * Warnings:: Displaying warning messages for the user. |
57389 | 19 * Progress:: Informing user about progress of a long operation. |
12067 | 20 * Invisible Text:: Hiding part of the buffer text. |
21 * Selective Display:: Hiding part of the buffer text (the old way). | |
6598 | 22 * Overlay Arrow:: Display of an arrow to indicate position. |
23 * Temporary Displays:: Displays that go away automatically. | |
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24 * Overlays:: Use overlays to highlight parts of the buffer. |
25875 | 25 * Width:: How wide a character or string is on the screen. |
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26 * Faces:: A face defines a graphics style for text characters: |
25875 | 27 font, colors, etc. |
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28 * Fringes:: Controlling window fringes. |
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29 * Fringe Bitmaps:: Displaying bitmaps in the window fringes. |
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30 * Customizing Bitmaps:: Specifying your own bitmaps to use in the fringes. |
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31 * Scroll Bars:: Controlling vertical scroll bars. |
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32 * Pointer Shape:: Controlling the mouse pointer shape. |
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33 * Display Property:: Enabling special display features. |
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34 * Images:: Displaying images in Emacs buffers. |
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35 * Buttons:: Adding clickable buttons to Emacs buffers. |
6598 | 36 * Blinking:: How Emacs shows the matching open parenthesis. |
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37 * Inverse Video:: Specifying how the screen looks. |
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38 * Usual Display:: The usual conventions for displaying nonprinting chars. |
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39 * Display Tables:: How to specify other conventions. |
6598 | 40 * Beeping:: Audible signal to the user. |
41 * Window Systems:: Which window system is being used. | |
42 @end menu | |
43 | |
44 @node Refresh Screen | |
45 @section Refreshing the Screen | |
46 | |
47 The function @code{redraw-frame} redisplays the entire contents of a | |
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48 given frame (@pxref{Frames}). |
6598 | 49 |
50 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
51 @defun redraw-frame frame | |
52 This function clears and redisplays frame @var{frame}. | |
53 @end defun | |
54 | |
55 Even more powerful is @code{redraw-display}: | |
56 | |
57 @deffn Command redraw-display | |
58 This function clears and redisplays all visible frames. | |
59 @end deffn | |
60 | |
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61 This function forces certain windows to be redisplayed |
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62 but does not clear them. |
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63 |
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64 @defun force-window-update object |
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65 This function forces redisplay of some or all windows. If |
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66 @var{object} is a window, it forces redisplay of that window. If |
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67 @var{object} is a buffer or buffer name, it forces redisplay of all |
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68 windows displaying that buffer. If @var{object} is @code{nil}, it |
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69 forces redisplay of all windows. |
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70 @end defun |
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71 |
12098 | 72 Processing user input takes absolute priority over redisplay. If you |
73 call these functions when input is available, they do nothing | |
74 immediately, but a full redisplay does happen eventually---after all the | |
75 input has been processed. | |
76 | |
6598 | 77 Normally, suspending and resuming Emacs also refreshes the screen. |
78 Some terminal emulators record separate contents for display-oriented | |
79 programs such as Emacs and for ordinary sequential display. If you are | |
80 using such a terminal, you might want to inhibit the redisplay on | |
9009 | 81 resumption. |
6598 | 82 |
83 @defvar no-redraw-on-reenter | |
84 @cindex suspend (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter}) | |
85 @cindex resume (cf. @code{no-redraw-on-reenter}) | |
86 This variable controls whether Emacs redraws the entire screen after it | |
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87 has been suspended and resumed. Non-@code{nil} means there is no need |
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88 to redraw, @code{nil} means redrawing is needed. The default is @code{nil}. |
6598 | 89 @end defvar |
90 | |
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91 @node Forcing Redisplay |
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92 @section Forcing Redisplay |
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93 @cindex forcing redisplay |
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94 |
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95 Emacs redisplay normally stops if input arrives, and does not happen |
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96 at all if input is available before it starts. Most of the time, this |
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97 is exactly what you want. However, you can prevent preemption by |
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98 binding @code{redisplay-dont-pause} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
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99 |
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100 @tindex redisplay-dont-pause |
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101 @defvar redisplay-dont-pause |
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102 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, pending input does not |
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103 prevent or halt redisplay; redisplay occurs, and finishes, |
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104 regardless of whether input is available. This feature is available |
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105 as of Emacs 21. |
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106 @end defvar |
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107 |
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108 You can request a display update, but only if no input is pending, |
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109 with @code{(sit-for 0)}. To force a display update even when input is |
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110 pending, do this: |
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111 |
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112 @example |
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113 (let ((redisplay-dont-pause t)) |
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114 (sit-for 0)) |
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115 @end example |
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116 |
6598 | 117 @node Truncation |
118 @section Truncation | |
119 @cindex line wrapping | |
120 @cindex continuation lines | |
121 @cindex @samp{$} in display | |
122 @cindex @samp{\} in display | |
123 | |
124 When a line of text extends beyond the right edge of a window, the | |
125 line can either be continued on the next screen line, or truncated to | |
126 one screen line. The additional screen lines used to display a long | |
127 text line are called @dfn{continuation} lines. Normally, a @samp{$} in | |
128 the rightmost column of the window indicates truncation; a @samp{\} on | |
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129 the rightmost column indicates a line that ``wraps'' onto the next line, |
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130 which is also called @dfn{continuing} the line. (The display table can |
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131 specify alternative indicators; see @ref{Display Tables}.) |
6598 | 132 |
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133 On a windowed display, the @samp{$} and @samp{\} indicators are |
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134 replaced with graphics bitmaps displayed in the window fringes |
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135 (@pxref{Fringes}). |
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136 |
6598 | 137 Note that continuation is different from filling; continuation happens |
138 on the screen only, not in the buffer contents, and it breaks a line | |
139 precisely at the right margin, not at a word boundary. @xref{Filling}. | |
140 | |
141 @defopt truncate-lines | |
142 This buffer-local variable controls how Emacs displays lines that extend | |
143 beyond the right edge of the window. The default is @code{nil}, which | |
144 specifies continuation. If the value is non-@code{nil}, then these | |
145 lines are truncated. | |
146 | |
147 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is non-@code{nil}, | |
148 then truncation is always used for side-by-side windows (within one | |
149 frame) regardless of the value of @code{truncate-lines}. | |
150 @end defopt | |
151 | |
12098 | 152 @defopt default-truncate-lines |
6598 | 153 This variable is the default value for @code{truncate-lines}, for |
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154 buffers that do not have buffer-local values for it. |
12098 | 155 @end defopt |
6598 | 156 |
157 @defopt truncate-partial-width-windows | |
158 This variable controls display of lines that extend beyond the right | |
159 edge of the window, in side-by-side windows (@pxref{Splitting Windows}). | |
160 If it is non-@code{nil}, these lines are truncated; otherwise, | |
161 @code{truncate-lines} says what to do with them. | |
162 @end defopt | |
163 | |
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164 When horizontal scrolling (@pxref{Horizontal Scrolling}) is in use in |
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165 a window, that forces truncation. |
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166 |
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167 You can override the glyphs that indicate continuation or truncation |
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168 using the display table; see @ref{Display Tables}. |
6598 | 169 |
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170 If your buffer contains @emph{very} long lines, and you use |
12067 | 171 continuation to display them, just thinking about them can make Emacs |
12098 | 172 redisplay slow. The column computation and indentation functions also |
173 become slow. Then you might find it advisable to set | |
174 @code{cache-long-line-scans} to @code{t}. | |
12067 | 175 |
176 @defvar cache-long-line-scans | |
177 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, various indentation and motion | |
12098 | 178 functions, and Emacs redisplay, cache the results of scanning the |
179 buffer, and consult the cache to avoid rescanning regions of the buffer | |
180 unless they are modified. | |
12067 | 181 |
12098 | 182 Turning on the cache slows down processing of short lines somewhat. |
12067 | 183 |
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184 This variable is automatically buffer-local in every buffer. |
12067 | 185 @end defvar |
186 | |
6598 | 187 @node The Echo Area |
188 @section The Echo Area | |
189 @cindex error display | |
190 @cindex echo area | |
191 | |
12067 | 192 The @dfn{echo area} is used for displaying messages made with the |
6598 | 193 @code{message} primitive, and for echoing keystrokes. It is not the |
194 same as the minibuffer, despite the fact that the minibuffer appears | |
195 (when active) in the same place on the screen as the echo area. The | |
196 @cite{GNU Emacs Manual} specifies the rules for resolving conflicts | |
197 between the echo area and the minibuffer for use of that screen space | |
198 (@pxref{Minibuffer,, The Minibuffer, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). | |
199 Error messages appear in the echo area; see @ref{Errors}. | |
200 | |
201 You can write output in the echo area by using the Lisp printing | |
202 functions with @code{t} as the stream (@pxref{Output Functions}), or as | |
203 follows: | |
204 | |
205 @defun message string &rest arguments | |
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206 This function displays a message in the echo area. The |
6598 | 207 argument @var{string} is similar to a C language @code{printf} control |
208 string. See @code{format} in @ref{String Conversion}, for the details | |
209 on the conversion specifications. @code{message} returns the | |
210 constructed string. | |
211 | |
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212 In batch mode, @code{message} prints the message text on the standard |
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213 error stream, followed by a newline. |
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214 |
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215 If @var{string}, or strings among the @var{arguments}, have @code{face} |
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216 text properties, these affect the way the message is displayed. |
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217 |
6598 | 218 @c Emacs 19 feature |
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219 If @var{string} is @code{nil}, @code{message} clears the echo area; if |
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220 the echo area has been expanded automatically, this brings it back to |
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221 its normal size. If the minibuffer is active, this brings the |
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222 minibuffer contents back onto the screen immediately. |
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223 |
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224 @vindex message-truncate-lines |
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225 Normally, displaying a long message resizes the echo area to display |
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226 the entire message. But if the variable @code{message-truncate-lines} |
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227 is non-@code{nil}, the echo area does not resize, and the message is |
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228 truncated to fit it, as in Emacs 20 and before. |
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229 |
6598 | 230 @example |
231 @group | |
232 (message "Minibuffer depth is %d." | |
233 (minibuffer-depth)) | |
234 @print{} Minibuffer depth is 0. | |
235 @result{} "Minibuffer depth is 0." | |
236 @end group | |
237 | |
238 @group | |
239 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
240 Minibuffer depth is 0. | |
241 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
242 @end group | |
243 @end example | |
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244 |
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245 To automatically display a message in the echo area or in a pop-buffer, |
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246 depending on its size, use @code{display-message-or-buffer}. |
6598 | 247 @end defun |
248 | |
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249 @tindex with-temp-message |
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250 @defmac with-temp-message message &rest body |
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251 This construct displays a message in the echo area temporarily, during |
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252 the execution of @var{body}. It displays @var{message}, executes |
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253 @var{body}, then returns the value of the last body form while restoring |
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254 the previous echo area contents. |
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255 @end defmac |
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256 |
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257 @defun message-or-box string &rest arguments |
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258 This function displays a message like @code{message}, but may display it |
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259 in a dialog box instead of the echo area. If this function is called in |
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260 a command that was invoked using the mouse---more precisely, if |
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261 @code{last-nonmenu-event} (@pxref{Command Loop Info}) is either |
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262 @code{nil} or a list---then it uses a dialog box or pop-up menu to |
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263 display the message. Otherwise, it uses the echo area. (This is the |
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264 same criterion that @code{y-or-n-p} uses to make a similar decision; see |
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265 @ref{Yes-or-No Queries}.) |
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266 |
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267 You can force use of the mouse or of the echo area by binding |
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268 @code{last-nonmenu-event} to a suitable value around the call. |
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269 @end defun |
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270 |
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271 @defun message-box string &rest arguments |
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272 This function displays a message like @code{message}, but uses a dialog |
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273 box (or a pop-up menu) whenever that is possible. If it is impossible |
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274 to use a dialog box or pop-up menu, because the terminal does not |
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275 support them, then @code{message-box} uses the echo area, like |
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276 @code{message}. |
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277 @end defun |
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278 |
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279 @defun display-message-or-buffer message &optional buffer-name not-this-window frame |
32840 | 280 @tindex display-message-or-buffer |
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281 This function displays the message @var{message}, which may be either a |
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282 string or a buffer. If it is shorter than the maximum height of the |
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283 echo area, as defined by @code{max-mini-window-height}, it is displayed |
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284 in the echo area, using @code{message}. Otherwise, |
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285 @code{display-buffer} is used to show it in a pop-up buffer. |
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286 |
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287 Returns either the string shown in the echo area, or when a pop-up |
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288 buffer is used, the window used to display it. |
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289 |
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290 If @var{message} is a string, then the optional argument |
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291 @var{buffer-name} is the name of the buffer used to display it when a |
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292 pop-up buffer is used, defaulting to @samp{*Message*}. In the case |
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293 where @var{message} is a string and displayed in the echo area, it is |
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294 not specified whether the contents are inserted into the buffer anyway. |
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295 |
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296 The optional arguments @var{not-this-window} and @var{frame} are as for |
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297 @code{display-buffer}, and only used if a buffer is displayed. |
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298 @end defun |
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299 |
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300 @defun current-message |
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301 This function returns the message currently being displayed in the |
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302 echo area, or @code{nil} if there is none. |
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303 @end defun |
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304 |
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305 @defvar cursor-in-echo-area |
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306 This variable controls where the cursor appears when a message is |
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307 displayed in the echo area. If it is non-@code{nil}, then the cursor |
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308 appears at the end of the message. Otherwise, the cursor appears at |
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309 point---not in the echo area at all. |
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310 |
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311 The value is normally @code{nil}; Lisp programs bind it to @code{t} |
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312 for brief periods of time. |
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313 @end defvar |
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314 |
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315 @defvar echo-area-clear-hook |
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316 This normal hook is run whenever the echo area is cleared---either by |
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317 @code{(message nil)} or for any other reason. |
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318 @end defvar |
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319 |
12067 | 320 Almost all the messages displayed in the echo area are also recorded |
321 in the @samp{*Messages*} buffer. | |
322 | |
323 @defopt message-log-max | |
324 This variable specifies how many lines to keep in the @samp{*Messages*} | |
325 buffer. The value @code{t} means there is no limit on how many lines to | |
326 keep. The value @code{nil} disables message logging entirely. Here's | |
327 how to display a message and prevent it from being logged: | |
328 | |
329 @example | |
330 (let (message-log-max) | |
331 (message @dots{})) | |
332 @end example | |
333 @end defopt | |
334 | |
12098 | 335 @defvar echo-keystrokes |
336 This variable determines how much time should elapse before command | |
27971 | 337 characters echo. Its value must be an integer or floating point number, |
338 which specifies the | |
12098 | 339 number of seconds to wait before echoing. If the user types a prefix |
340 key (such as @kbd{C-x}) and then delays this many seconds before | |
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341 continuing, the prefix key is echoed in the echo area. (Once echoing |
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342 begins in a key sequence, all subsequent characters in the same key |
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343 sequence are echoed immediately.) |
12098 | 344 |
345 If the value is zero, then command input is not echoed. | |
346 @end defvar | |
347 | |
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348 @node Warnings |
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349 @section Reporting Warnings |
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350 @cindex warnings |
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351 |
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352 @dfn{Warnings} are a facility for a program to inform the user of a |
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353 possible problem, but continue running. |
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354 |
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355 @menu |
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356 * Warning Basics:: Warnings concepts and functions to report them. |
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357 * Warning Variables:: Variables programs bind to customize their warnings. |
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358 * Warning Options:: Variables users set to control display of warnings. |
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359 @end menu |
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360 |
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361 @node Warning Basics |
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362 @subsection Warning Basics |
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363 @cindex severity level |
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364 |
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365 Every warning has a textual message, which explains the problem for |
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366 the user, and a @dfn{severity level} which is a symbol. Here are the |
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367 possible severity levels, in order of decreasing severity, and their |
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368 meanings: |
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369 |
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370 @table @code |
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371 @item :emergency |
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372 A problem that will seriously impair Emacs operation soon |
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373 if you do not attend to it promptly. |
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374 @item :error |
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375 A report of data or circumstances that are inherently wrong. |
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376 @item :warning |
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377 A report of data or circumstances that are not inherently wrong, but |
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378 raise suspicion of a possible problem. |
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379 @item :debug |
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380 A report of information that may be useful if you are debugging. |
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381 @end table |
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382 |
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383 When your program encounters invalid input data, it can either |
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384 signal a Lisp error by calling @code{error} or @code{signal} or report |
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385 a warning with severity @code{:error}. Signaling a Lisp error is the |
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386 easiest thing to do, but it means the program cannot continue |
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387 processing. If you want to take the trouble to implement a way to |
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388 continue processing despite the bad data, then reporting a warning of |
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389 severity @code{:error} is the right way to inform the user of the |
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390 problem. For instance, the Emacs Lisp byte compiler can report an |
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391 error that way and continue compiling other functions. (If the |
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392 program signals a Lisp error and then handles it with |
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393 @code{condition-case}, the user won't see the error message; it could |
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394 show the message to the user by reporting it as a warning.) |
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395 |
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396 @cindex warning type |
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397 Each warning has a @dfn{warning type} to classify it. The type is a |
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398 list of symbols. The first symbol should be the custom group that you |
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399 use for the program's user options. For example, byte compiler |
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400 warnings use the warning type @code{(bytecomp)}. You can also |
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401 subcategorize the warnings, if you wish, by using more symbols in the |
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402 list. |
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403 |
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404 @defun display-warning type message &optional level buffer-name |
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405 This function reports a warning, using @var{message} as the message |
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406 and @var{type} as the warning type. @var{level} should be the |
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407 severity level, with @code{:warning} being the default. |
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408 |
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409 @var{buffer-name}, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the name of the buffer |
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410 for logging the warning. By default, it is @samp{*Warnings*}. |
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411 @end defun |
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412 |
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413 @defun lwarn type level message &rest args |
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414 This function reports a warning using the value of @code{(format |
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415 @var{message} @var{args}...)} as the message. In other respects it is |
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416 equivalent to @code{display-warning}. |
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417 @end defun |
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418 |
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419 @defun warn message &rest args |
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420 This function reports a warning using the value of @code{(format |
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421 @var{message} @var{args}...)} as the message, @code{(emacs)} as the |
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422 type, and @code{:warning} as the severity level. It exists for |
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423 compatibility only; we recommend not using it, because you should |
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424 specify a specific warning type. |
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425 @end defun |
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426 |
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427 @node Warning Variables |
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428 @subsection Warning Variables |
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429 |
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430 Programs can customize how their warnings appear by binding |
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431 the variables described in this section. |
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432 |
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433 @defvar warning-levels |
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434 This list defines the meaning and severity order of the warning |
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435 severity levels. Each element defines one severity level, |
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436 and they are arranged in order of decreasing severity. |
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437 |
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438 Each element has the form @code{(@var{level} @var{string} |
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439 @var{function})}, where @var{level} is the severity level it defines. |
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440 @var{string} specifies the textual description of this level. |
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441 @var{string} should use @samp{%s} to specify where to put the warning |
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442 type information, or it can omit the @samp{%s} so as not to include |
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443 that information. |
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444 |
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445 The optional @var{function}, if non-@code{nil}, is a function to call |
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446 with no arguments, to get the user's attention. |
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447 |
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448 Normally you should not change the value of this variable. |
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449 @end defvar |
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450 |
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451 @defvar warning-prefix-function |
54023 | 452 If non-@code{nil}, the value is a function to generate prefix text for |
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453 warnings. Programs can bind the variable to a suitable function. |
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454 @code{display-warning} calls this function with the warnings buffer |
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455 current, and the function can insert text in it. That text becomes |
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456 the beginning of the warning message. |
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457 |
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458 The function is called with two arguments, the severity level and its |
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459 entry in @code{warning-levels}. It should return a list to use as the |
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460 entry (this value need not be an actual member of |
54023 | 461 @code{warning-levels}). By constructing this value, the function can |
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462 change the severity of the warning, or specify different handling for |
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463 a given severity level. |
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464 |
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465 If the variable's value is @code{nil} then there is no function |
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466 to call. |
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467 @end defvar |
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468 |
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469 @defvar warning-series |
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470 Programs can bind this variable to @code{t} to say that the next |
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471 warning should begin a series. When several warnings form a series, |
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472 that means to leave point on the first warning of the series, rather |
54023 | 473 than keep moving it for each warning so that it appears on the last one. |
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474 The series ends when the local binding is unbound and |
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475 @code{warning-series} becomes @code{nil} again. |
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|
476 |
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477 The value can also be a symbol with a function definition. That is |
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478 equivalent to @code{t}, except that the next warning will also call |
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479 the function with no arguments with the warnings buffer current. The |
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480 function can insert text which will serve as a header for the series |
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481 of warnings. |
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482 |
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483 Once a series has begun, the value is a marker which points to the |
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484 buffer position in the warnings buffer of the start of the series. |
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|
485 |
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486 The variable's normal value is @code{nil}, which means to handle |
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487 each warning separately. |
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488 @end defvar |
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|
489 |
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|
490 @defvar warning-fill-prefix |
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491 When this variable is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a fill prefix to |
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492 use for filling each warning's text. |
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|
493 @end defvar |
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494 |
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495 @defvar warning-type-format |
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496 This variable specifies the format for displaying the warning type |
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497 in the warning message. The result of formatting the type this way |
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498 gets included in the message under the control of the string in the |
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499 entry in @code{warning-levels}. The default value is @code{" (%s)"}. |
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500 If you bind it to @code{""} then the warning type won't appear at |
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501 all. |
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502 @end defvar |
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503 |
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504 @node Warning Options |
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505 @subsection Warning Options |
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506 |
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507 These variables are used by users to control what happens |
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508 when a Lisp program reports a warning. |
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509 |
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510 @defopt warning-minimum-level |
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511 This user option specifies the minimum severity level that should be |
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512 shown immediately to the user. The default is @code{:warning}, which |
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513 means to immediately display all warnings except @code{:debug} |
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514 warnings. |
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515 @end defopt |
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516 |
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517 @defopt warning-minimum-log-level |
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518 This user option specifies the minimum severity level that should be |
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519 logged in the warnings buffer. The default is @code{:warning}, which |
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520 means to log all warnings except @code{:debug} warnings. |
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521 @end defopt |
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522 |
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523 @defopt warning-suppress-types |
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524 This list specifies which warning types should not be displayed |
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525 immediately for the user. Each element of the list should be a list |
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526 of symbols. If its elements match the first elements in a warning |
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527 type, then that warning is not displayed immediately. |
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528 @end defopt |
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529 |
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530 @defopt warning-suppress-log-types |
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531 This list specifies which warning types should not be logged in the |
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532 warnings buffer. Each element of the list should be a list of |
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533 symbols. If it matches the first few elements in a warning type, then |
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534 that warning is not logged. |
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535 @end defopt |
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536 |
57389 | 537 @node Progress |
538 @section Reporting Operation Progress | |
539 @cindex progress reporting | |
540 | |
541 When an operation can take a while to finish, you should inform the | |
542 user about the progress it makes. This way the user can estimate | |
543 remaining time and clearly see that Emacs is busy working, not hung. | |
544 | |
545 Functions listed in this section provide simple and efficient way of | |
546 reporting operation progress. Here is a working example that does | |
547 nothing useful: | |
548 | |
549 @example | |
550 (let ((progress-reporter | |
551 (make-progress-reporter "Collecting some mana for Emacs..." | |
552 0 500))) | |
553 (dotimes (k 500) | |
554 (sit-for 0.01) | |
555 (progress-reporter-update progress-reporter k)) | |
556 (progress-reporter-done progress-reporter)) | |
557 @end example | |
558 | |
559 @defun make-progress-reporter message min-value max-value &optional current-value min-change min-time | |
560 This function creates a progress reporter---the object you will use as | |
561 an argument for all other functions listed here. The idea is to | |
562 precompute as much data as possible to make progress reporting very | |
563 fast. | |
564 | |
565 The @var{message} will be displayed in the echo area, followed by | |
566 progress percentage. @var{message} is treated as a simple string. If | |
567 you need it to depend on a filename, for instance, use @code{format} | |
568 before calling this function. | |
569 | |
570 @var{min-value} and @var{max-value} arguments stand for starting and | |
571 final states of your operation. For instance, if you scan a buffer, | |
572 they should be the results of @code{point-min} and @code{point-max} | |
573 correspondingly. It is required that @var{max-value} is greater than | |
574 @var{min-value}. If you create progress reporter when some part of | |
575 the operation has already been completed, then specify | |
576 @var{current-value} argument. But normally you should omit it or set | |
577 it to @code{nil}---it will default to @var{min-value} then. | |
578 | |
579 Remaining arguments control the rate of echo area updates. Progress | |
580 reporter will wait for at least @var{min-change} more percents of the | |
581 operation to be completed before printing next message. | |
582 @var{min-time} specifies the minimum time in seconds to pass between | |
583 successive prints. It can be fractional. Depending on Emacs and | |
584 system capabilities, progress reporter may or may not respect this | |
585 last argument or do it with varying precision. Default value for | |
586 @var{min-change} is 1 (one percent), for @var{min-time}---0.2 | |
587 (seconds.) | |
588 | |
589 This function calls @code{progress-reporter-update}, so the first | |
590 message is printed immediately. | |
591 @end defun | |
592 | |
593 @defun progress-reporter-update reporter value | |
594 This function does the main work of reporting progress of your | |
595 operation. It print the message of @var{reporter} followed by | |
596 progress percentage determined by @var{value}. If percentage is zero, | |
597 then it is not printed at all. | |
598 | |
599 @var{reporter} must be the result of a call to | |
600 @code{make-progress-reporter}. @var{value} specifies the current | |
601 state of your operation and must be between @var{min-value} and | |
602 @var{max-value} (inclusive) as passed to | |
603 @code{make-progress-reporter}. For instance, if you scan a buffer, | |
604 then @var{value} should be the result of a call to @code{point}. | |
605 | |
606 This function respects @var{min-change} and @var{min-time} as passed | |
607 to @code{make-progress-reporter} and so does not output new messages | |
608 on every invocation. It is thus very fast and normally you should not | |
609 try to reduce the number of calls to it: resulting overhead will most | |
610 likely negate your effort. | |
611 @end defun | |
612 | |
613 @defun progress-reporter-force-update reporter value &optional new-message | |
614 This function is similar to @code{progress-reporter-update} except | |
615 that it prints a message in the echo area unconditionally. | |
616 | |
617 The first two arguments have the same meaning as for | |
618 @code{progress-reporter-update}. Optional @var{new-message} allows | |
619 you to change the message of the @var{reporter}. Since this functions | |
620 always updates the echo area, such a change will be immediately | |
621 presented to the user. | |
622 @end defun | |
623 | |
624 @defun progress-reporter-done reporter | |
625 This function should be called when the operation is finished. It | |
626 prints the message of @var{reporter} followed by word ``done'' in the | |
627 echo area. | |
628 | |
629 You should always call this function and not hope for | |
630 @code{progress-reporter-update} to print ``100%.'' Firstly, it may | |
631 never print it, there are many good reasons for this not to happen. | |
632 Secondly, ``done'' is more explicit. | |
633 @end defun | |
634 | |
12067 | 635 @node Invisible Text |
636 @section Invisible Text | |
637 | |
638 @cindex invisible text | |
639 You can make characters @dfn{invisible}, so that they do not appear on | |
640 the screen, with the @code{invisible} property. This can be either a | |
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641 text property (@pxref{Text Properties}) or a property of an overlay |
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642 (@pxref{Overlays}). |
12067 | 643 |
644 In the simplest case, any non-@code{nil} @code{invisible} property makes | |
645 a character invisible. This is the default case---if you don't alter | |
646 the default value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}, this is how the | |
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647 @code{invisible} property works. You should normally use @code{t} |
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648 as the value of the @code{invisible} property if you don't plan |
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649 to set @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} yourself. |
12067 | 650 |
651 More generally, you can use the variable @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} | |
652 to control which values of the @code{invisible} property make text | |
653 invisible. This permits you to classify the text into different subsets | |
654 in advance, by giving them different @code{invisible} values, and | |
655 subsequently make various subsets visible or invisible by changing the | |
656 value of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}. | |
657 | |
658 Controlling visibility with @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is | |
25875 | 659 especially useful in a program to display the list of entries in a |
660 database. It permits the implementation of convenient filtering | |
661 commands to view just a part of the entries in the database. Setting | |
662 this variable is very fast, much faster than scanning all the text in | |
663 the buffer looking for properties to change. | |
12067 | 664 |
665 @defvar buffer-invisibility-spec | |
666 This variable specifies which kinds of @code{invisible} properties | |
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667 actually make a character invisible. Setting this variable makes it |
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668 buffer-local. |
12067 | 669 |
670 @table @asis | |
671 @item @code{t} | |
672 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property is | |
673 non-@code{nil}. This is the default. | |
674 | |
675 @item a list | |
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676 Each element of the list specifies a criterion for invisibility; if a |
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677 character's @code{invisible} property fits any one of these criteria, |
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678 the character is invisible. The list can have two kinds of elements: |
12067 | 679 |
680 @table @code | |
681 @item @var{atom} | |
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682 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value |
12067 | 683 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member. |
684 | |
685 @item (@var{atom} . t) | |
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686 A character is invisible if its @code{invisible} property value |
12067 | 687 is @var{atom} or if it is a list with @var{atom} as a member. |
688 Moreover, if this character is at the end of a line and is followed | |
689 by a visible newline, it displays an ellipsis. | |
690 @end table | |
691 @end table | |
692 @end defvar | |
693 | |
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694 Two functions are specifically provided for adding elements to |
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695 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and removing elements from it. |
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696 |
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697 @defun add-to-invisibility-spec element |
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698 This function adds the element @var{element} to |
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699 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} (if it is not already present in that |
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700 list). If @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} was @code{t}, it changes to |
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701 a list, @code{(t)}, so that text whose @code{invisible} property |
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702 is @code{t} remains invisible. |
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703 @end defun |
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704 |
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705 @defun remove-from-invisibility-spec element |
54023 | 706 This removes the element @var{element} from |
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707 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec}. This does nothing if @var{element} |
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708 is not in the list. |
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709 @end defun |
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710 |
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711 A convention for use of @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} is that a |
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712 major mode should use the mode's own name as an element of |
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713 @code{buffer-invisibility-spec} and as the value of the |
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714 @code{invisible} property: |
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715 |
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716 @example |
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717 ;; @r{If you want to display an ellipsis:} |
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718 (add-to-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) |
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719 ;; @r{If you don't want ellipsis:} |
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720 (add-to-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) |
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721 |
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722 (overlay-put (make-overlay beginning end) |
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723 'invisible 'my-symbol) |
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724 |
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725 ;; @r{When done with the overlays:} |
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726 (remove-from-invisibility-spec '(my-symbol . t)) |
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727 ;; @r{Or respectively:} |
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728 (remove-from-invisibility-spec 'my-symbol) |
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729 @end example |
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730 |
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731 @vindex line-move-ignore-invisible |
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732 Ordinarily, functions that operate on text or move point do not care |
15761
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733 whether the text is invisible. The user-level line motion commands |
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734 explicitly ignore invisible newlines if |
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735 @code{line-move-ignore-invisible} is non-@code{nil}, but only because |
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736 they are explicitly programmed to do so. |
12098 | 737 |
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738 However, if a command ends with point inside or immediately after |
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739 invisible text, the main editing loop moves point further forward or |
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740 further backward (in the same direction that the command already moved |
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741 it) until that condition is no longer true. Thus, if the command |
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742 moved point back into an invisible range, Emacs moves point back to |
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743 the beginning of that range, following the previous visible character. |
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744 If the command moved point forward into an invisible range, Emacs |
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745 moves point forward past the first visible character that follows the |
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746 invisible text. |
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747 |
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748 Incremental search can make invisible overlays visible temporarily |
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749 and/or permanently when a match includes invisible text. To enable |
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750 this, the overlay should have a non-@code{nil} |
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751 @code{isearch-open-invisible} property. The property value should be a |
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752 function to be called with the overlay as an argument. This function |
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753 should make the overlay visible permanently; it is used when the match |
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754 overlaps the overlay on exit from the search. |
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755 |
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756 During the search, such overlays are made temporarily visible by |
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757 temporarily modifying their invisible and intangible properties. If you |
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758 want this to be done differently for a certain overlay, give it an |
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759 @code{isearch-open-invisible-temporary} property which is a function. |
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760 The function is called with two arguments: the first is the overlay, and |
26986 | 761 the second is @code{nil} to make the overlay visible, or @code{t} to |
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762 make it invisible again. |
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763 |
6598 | 764 @node Selective Display |
765 @section Selective Display | |
766 @cindex selective display | |
767 | |
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768 @dfn{Selective display} refers to a pair of related features for |
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769 hiding certain lines on the screen. |
6598 | 770 |
771 The first variant, explicit selective display, is designed for use in | |
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772 a Lisp program: it controls which lines are hidden by altering the text. |
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773 The invisible text feature (@pxref{Invisible Text}) has partially |
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774 replaced this feature. |
12067 | 775 |
776 In the second variant, the choice of lines to hide is made | |
12098 | 777 automatically based on indentation. This variant is designed to be a |
12067 | 778 user-level feature. |
6598 | 779 |
780 The way you control explicit selective display is by replacing a | |
9009 | 781 newline (control-j) with a carriage return (control-m). The text that |
6598 | 782 was formerly a line following that newline is now invisible. Strictly |
783 speaking, it is temporarily no longer a line at all, since only newlines | |
784 can separate lines; it is now part of the previous line. | |
785 | |
786 Selective display does not directly affect editing commands. For | |
787 example, @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}) moves point unhesitatingly into | |
788 invisible text. However, the replacement of newline characters with | |
789 carriage return characters affects some editing commands. For example, | |
790 @code{next-line} skips invisible lines, since it searches only for | |
791 newlines. Modes that use selective display can also define commands | |
792 that take account of the newlines, or that make parts of the text | |
793 visible or invisible. | |
794 | |
795 When you write a selectively displayed buffer into a file, all the | |
796 control-m's are output as newlines. This means that when you next read | |
797 in the file, it looks OK, with nothing invisible. The selective display | |
798 effect is seen only within Emacs. | |
799 | |
800 @defvar selective-display | |
801 This buffer-local variable enables selective display. This means that | |
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802 lines, or portions of lines, may be made invisible. |
6598 | 803 |
804 @itemize @bullet | |
805 @item | |
25875 | 806 If the value of @code{selective-display} is @code{t}, then the character |
807 control-m marks the start of invisible text; the control-m, and the rest | |
808 of the line following it, are not displayed. This is explicit selective | |
809 display. | |
6598 | 810 |
811 @item | |
812 If the value of @code{selective-display} is a positive integer, then | |
813 lines that start with more than that many columns of indentation are not | |
814 displayed. | |
815 @end itemize | |
816 | |
817 When some portion of a buffer is invisible, the vertical movement | |
818 commands operate as if that portion did not exist, allowing a single | |
819 @code{next-line} command to skip any number of invisible lines. | |
820 However, character movement commands (such as @code{forward-char}) do | |
821 not skip the invisible portion, and it is possible (if tricky) to insert | |
822 or delete text in an invisible portion. | |
823 | |
824 In the examples below, we show the @emph{display appearance} of the | |
825 buffer @code{foo}, which changes with the value of | |
826 @code{selective-display}. The @emph{contents} of the buffer do not | |
827 change. | |
828 | |
829 @example | |
830 @group | |
831 (setq selective-display nil) | |
832 @result{} nil | |
833 | |
834 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
835 1 on this column | |
836 2on this column | |
837 3n this column | |
838 3n this column | |
839 2on this column | |
840 1 on this column | |
841 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
842 @end group | |
843 | |
844 @group | |
845 (setq selective-display 2) | |
846 @result{} 2 | |
847 | |
848 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
849 1 on this column | |
850 2on this column | |
851 2on this column | |
852 1 on this column | |
853 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
854 @end group | |
855 @end example | |
856 @end defvar | |
857 | |
858 @defvar selective-display-ellipses | |
859 If this buffer-local variable is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs displays | |
860 @samp{@dots{}} at the end of a line that is followed by invisible text. | |
861 This example is a continuation of the previous one. | |
862 | |
863 @example | |
864 @group | |
865 (setq selective-display-ellipses t) | |
866 @result{} t | |
867 | |
868 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
869 1 on this column | |
870 2on this column ... | |
871 2on this column | |
872 1 on this column | |
873 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
874 @end group | |
875 @end example | |
876 | |
877 You can use a display table to substitute other text for the ellipsis | |
878 (@samp{@dots{}}). @xref{Display Tables}. | |
879 @end defvar | |
880 | |
881 @node Overlay Arrow | |
882 @section The Overlay Arrow | |
883 @cindex overlay arrow | |
884 | |
885 The @dfn{overlay arrow} is useful for directing the user's attention | |
886 to a particular line in a buffer. For example, in the modes used for | |
887 interface to debuggers, the overlay arrow indicates the line of code | |
888 about to be executed. | |
889 | |
890 @defvar overlay-arrow-string | |
9009 | 891 This variable holds the string to display to call attention to a |
892 particular line, or @code{nil} if the arrow feature is not in use. | |
29471 | 893 On a graphical display the contents of the string are ignored; instead a |
894 glyph is displayed in the fringe area to the left of the display area. | |
6598 | 895 @end defvar |
896 | |
897 @defvar overlay-arrow-position | |
9009 | 898 This variable holds a marker that indicates where to display the overlay |
29471 | 899 arrow. It should point at the beginning of a line. On a non-graphical |
900 display the arrow text | |
9009 | 901 appears at the beginning of that line, overlaying any text that would |
902 otherwise appear. Since the arrow is usually short, and the line | |
903 usually begins with indentation, normally nothing significant is | |
904 overwritten. | |
6598 | 905 |
9009 | 906 The overlay string is displayed only in the buffer that this marker |
6598 | 907 points into. Thus, only one buffer can have an overlay arrow at any |
908 given time. | |
909 @c !!! overlay-arrow-position: but the overlay string may remain in the display | |
910 @c of some other buffer until an update is required. This should be fixed | |
911 @c now. Is it? | |
912 @end defvar | |
913 | |
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914 You can do a similar job by creating an overlay with a |
12067 | 915 @code{before-string} property. @xref{Overlay Properties}. |
916 | |
6598 | 917 @node Temporary Displays |
918 @section Temporary Displays | |
919 | |
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920 Temporary displays are used by Lisp programs to put output into a |
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921 buffer and then present it to the user for perusal rather than for |
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922 editing. Many help commands use this feature. |
6598 | 923 |
924 @defspec with-output-to-temp-buffer buffer-name forms@dots{} | |
24951
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925 This function executes @var{forms} while arranging to insert any output |
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926 they print into the buffer named @var{buffer-name}, which is first |
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927 created if necessary, and put into Help mode. Finally, the buffer is |
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928 displayed in some window, but not selected. |
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929 |
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930 If the @var{forms} do not change the major mode in the output buffer, |
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931 so that it is still Help mode at the end of their execution, then |
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932 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} makes this buffer read-only at the |
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933 end, and also scans it for function and variable names to make them |
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934 into clickable cross-references. @xref{Docstring hyperlinks, , Tips |
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935 for Documentation Strings}, in particular the item on hyperlinks in |
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936 documentation strings, for more details. |
6598 | 937 |
938 The string @var{buffer-name} specifies the temporary buffer, which | |
939 need not already exist. The argument must be a string, not a buffer. | |
940 The buffer is erased initially (with no questions asked), and it is | |
941 marked as unmodified after @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} exits. | |
942 | |
943 @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} binds @code{standard-output} to the | |
944 temporary buffer, then it evaluates the forms in @var{forms}. Output | |
945 using the Lisp output functions within @var{forms} goes by default to | |
946 that buffer (but screen display and messages in the echo area, although | |
947 they are ``output'' in the general sense of the word, are not affected). | |
948 @xref{Output Functions}. | |
949 | |
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950 Several hooks are available for customizing the behavior |
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951 of this construct; they are listed below. |
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952 |
6598 | 953 The value of the last form in @var{forms} is returned. |
954 | |
955 @example | |
956 @group | |
957 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
958 This is the contents of foo. | |
959 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
960 @end group | |
961 | |
962 @group | |
963 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "foo" | |
964 (print 20) | |
965 (print standard-output)) | |
966 @result{} #<buffer foo> | |
967 | |
968 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
969 20 | |
970 | |
971 #<buffer foo> | |
972 | |
973 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
974 @end group | |
975 @end example | |
976 @end defspec | |
977 | |
978 @defvar temp-buffer-show-function | |
9009 | 979 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} |
6598 | 980 calls it as a function to do the job of displaying a help buffer. The |
981 function gets one argument, which is the buffer it should display. | |
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982 |
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983 It is a good idea for this function to run @code{temp-buffer-show-hook} |
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984 just as @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} normally would, inside of |
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985 @code{save-selected-window} and with the chosen window and buffer |
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986 selected. |
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987 @end defvar |
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988 |
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989 @defvar temp-buffer-setup-hook |
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990 @tindex temp-buffer-setup-hook |
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991 This normal hook is run by @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} before |
42082 | 992 evaluating @var{body}. When the hook runs, the temporary buffer is |
993 current. This hook is normally set up with a function to put the | |
994 buffer in Help mode. | |
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995 @end defvar |
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996 |
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997 @defvar temp-buffer-show-hook |
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998 This normal hook is run by @code{with-output-to-temp-buffer} after |
42082 | 999 displaying the temporary buffer. When the hook runs, the temporary buffer |
1000 is current, and the window it was displayed in is selected. This hook | |
1001 is normally set up with a function to make the buffer read only, and | |
1002 find function names and variable names in it, provided the major mode | |
1003 is Help mode. | |
6598 | 1004 @end defvar |
1005 | |
1006 @defun momentary-string-display string position &optional char message | |
1007 This function momentarily displays @var{string} in the current buffer at | |
1008 @var{position}. It has no effect on the undo list or on the buffer's | |
1009 modification status. | |
1010 | |
1011 The momentary display remains until the next input event. If the next | |
1012 input event is @var{char}, @code{momentary-string-display} ignores it | |
1013 and returns. Otherwise, that event remains buffered for subsequent use | |
1014 as input. Thus, typing @var{char} will simply remove the string from | |
1015 the display, while typing (say) @kbd{C-f} will remove the string from | |
1016 the display and later (presumably) move point forward. The argument | |
1017 @var{char} is a space by default. | |
1018 | |
1019 The return value of @code{momentary-string-display} is not meaningful. | |
1020 | |
12098 | 1021 If the string @var{string} does not contain control characters, you can |
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1022 do the same job in a more general way by creating (and then subsequently |
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1023 deleting) an overlay with a @code{before-string} property. |
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1024 @xref{Overlay Properties}. |
12098 | 1025 |
6598 | 1026 If @var{message} is non-@code{nil}, it is displayed in the echo area |
1027 while @var{string} is displayed in the buffer. If it is @code{nil}, a | |
1028 default message says to type @var{char} to continue. | |
1029 | |
1030 In this example, point is initially located at the beginning of the | |
1031 second line: | |
1032 | |
1033 @example | |
1034 @group | |
1035 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1036 This is the contents of foo. | |
1037 @point{}Second line. | |
1038 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1039 @end group | |
1040 | |
1041 @group | |
1042 (momentary-string-display | |
1043 "**** Important Message! ****" | |
1044 (point) ?\r | |
1045 "Type RET when done reading") | |
1046 @result{} t | |
1047 @end group | |
1048 | |
1049 @group | |
1050 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1051 This is the contents of foo. | |
1052 **** Important Message! ****Second line. | |
1053 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
1054 | |
1055 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
1056 Type RET when done reading | |
1057 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
1058 @end group | |
1059 @end example | |
1060 @end defun | |
1061 | |
1062 @node Overlays | |
1063 @section Overlays | |
1064 @cindex overlays | |
1065 | |
1066 You can use @dfn{overlays} to alter the appearance of a buffer's text on | |
12098 | 1067 the screen, for the sake of presentation features. An overlay is an |
1068 object that belongs to a particular buffer, and has a specified | |
1069 beginning and end. It also has properties that you can examine and set; | |
1070 these affect the display of the text within the overlay. | |
6598 | 1071 |
54023 | 1072 An overlays uses markers to record its beginning and end; thus, |
1073 editing the text of the buffer adjusts the beginning and end of each | |
1074 overlay so that it stays with the text. When you create the overlay, | |
1075 you can specify whether text inserted at the beginning should be | |
1076 inside the overlay or outside, and likewise for the end of the overlay. | |
1077 | |
6598 | 1078 @menu |
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1079 * Overlay Properties:: How to read and set properties. |
6598 | 1080 What properties do to the screen display. |
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1081 * Managing Overlays:: Creating and moving overlays. |
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1082 * Finding Overlays:: Searching for overlays. |
6598 | 1083 @end menu |
1084 | |
1085 @node Overlay Properties | |
1086 @subsection Overlay Properties | |
1087 | |
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1088 Overlay properties are like text properties in that the properties that |
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1089 alter how a character is displayed can come from either source. But in |
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1090 most respects they are different. Text properties are considered a part |
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1091 of the text; overlays are specifically considered not to be part of the |
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1092 text. Thus, copying text between various buffers and strings preserves |
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1093 text properties, but does not try to preserve overlays. Changing a |
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1094 buffer's text properties marks the buffer as modified, while moving an |
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1095 overlay or changing its properties does not. Unlike text property |
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1096 changes, overlay changes are not recorded in the buffer's undo list. |
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1097 @xref{Text Properties}, for comparison. |
6598 | 1098 |
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1099 These functions are used for reading and writing the properties of an |
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1100 overlay: |
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1101 |
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1102 @defun overlay-get overlay prop |
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1103 This function returns the value of property @var{prop} recorded in |
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1104 @var{overlay}, if any. If @var{overlay} does not record any value for |
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1105 that property, but it does have a @code{category} property which is a |
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1106 symbol, that symbol's @var{prop} property is used. Otherwise, the value |
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1107 is @code{nil}. |
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1108 @end defun |
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1109 |
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1110 @defun overlay-put overlay prop value |
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1111 This function sets the value of property @var{prop} recorded in |
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1112 @var{overlay} to @var{value}. It returns @var{value}. |
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1113 @end defun |
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1114 |
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1115 @defun overlay-properties overlay |
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1116 This returns a copy of the property list of @var{overlay}. |
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1117 @end defun |
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1118 |
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1119 See also the function @code{get-char-property} which checks both |
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1120 overlay properties and text properties for a given character. |
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1121 @xref{Examining Properties}. |
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1122 |
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1123 Many overlay properties have special meanings; here is a table |
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1124 of them: |
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1125 |
6598 | 1126 @table @code |
1127 @item priority | |
1128 @kindex priority @r{(overlay property)} | |
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1129 This property's value (which should be a nonnegative integer number) |
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1130 determines the priority of the overlay. The priority matters when two |
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1131 or more overlays cover the same character and both specify the same |
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1132 property; the one whose @code{priority} value is larger takes priority |
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1133 over the other. For the @code{face} property, the higher priority |
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1134 value does not completely replace the other; instead, its face |
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1135 attributes override the face attributes of the lower priority |
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1136 @code{face} property. |
6598 | 1137 |
1138 Currently, all overlays take priority over text properties. Please | |
1139 avoid using negative priority values, as we have not yet decided just | |
1140 what they should mean. | |
1141 | |
1142 @item window | |
1143 @kindex window @r{(overlay property)} | |
1144 If the @code{window} property is non-@code{nil}, then the overlay | |
1145 applies only on that window. | |
1146 | |
12067 | 1147 @item category |
1148 @kindex category @r{(overlay property)} | |
1149 If an overlay has a @code{category} property, we call it the | |
12098 | 1150 @dfn{category} of the overlay. It should be a symbol. The properties |
12067 | 1151 of the symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the overlay. |
1152 | |
6598 | 1153 @item face |
1154 @kindex face @r{(overlay property)} | |
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1155 This property controls the way text is displayed---for example, which |
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1156 font and which colors. @xref{Faces}, for more information. |
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1157 |
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1158 In the simplest case, the value is a face name. It can also be a list; |
25875 | 1159 then each element can be any of these possibilities: |
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1160 |
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1161 @itemize @bullet |
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1162 @item |
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1163 A face name (a symbol or string). |
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1164 |
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1165 @item |
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1166 Starting in Emacs 21, a property list of face attributes. This has the |
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1167 form (@var{keyword} @var{value} @dots{}), where each @var{keyword} is a |
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1168 face attribute name and @var{value} is a meaningful value for that |
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1169 attribute. With this feature, you do not need to create a face each |
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1170 time you want to specify a particular attribute for certain text. |
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1171 @xref{Face Attributes}. |
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1172 |
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1173 @item |
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1174 A cons cell of the form @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} or |
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1175 @code{(background-color . @var{color-name})}. These elements specify |
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1176 just the foreground color or just the background color. |
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1177 |
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1178 @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} is equivalent to |
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1179 @code{(:foreground @var{color-name})}, and likewise for the background. |
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1180 @end itemize |
6598 | 1181 |
1182 @item mouse-face | |
1183 @kindex mouse-face @r{(overlay property)} | |
1184 This property is used instead of @code{face} when the mouse is within | |
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1185 the range of the overlay. |
6598 | 1186 |
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1187 @item display |
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1188 @kindex display @r{(overlay property)} |
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1189 This property activates various features that change the |
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1190 way text is displayed. For example, it can make text appear taller |
38278 | 1191 or shorter, higher or lower, wider or narrower, or replaced with an image. |
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1192 @xref{Display Property}. |
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1193 |
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1194 @item help-echo |
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1195 @kindex help-echo @r{(text property)} |
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1196 If an overlay has a @code{help-echo} property, then when you move the |
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1197 mouse onto the text in the overlay, Emacs displays a help string in the |
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1198 echo area, or in the tooltip window. For details see @ref{Text |
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1199 help-echo}. |
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1200 |
6598 | 1201 @item modification-hooks |
1202 @kindex modification-hooks @r{(overlay property)} | |
1203 This property's value is a list of functions to be called if any | |
1204 character within the overlay is changed or if text is inserted strictly | |
12067 | 1205 within the overlay. |
1206 | |
1207 The hook functions are called both before and after each change. | |
1208 If the functions save the information they receive, and compare notes | |
1209 between calls, they can determine exactly what change has been made | |
1210 in the buffer text. | |
1211 | |
1212 When called before a change, each function receives four arguments: the | |
1213 overlay, @code{nil}, and the beginning and end of the text range to be | |
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1214 modified. |
6598 | 1215 |
12067 | 1216 When called after a change, each function receives five arguments: the |
1217 overlay, @code{t}, the beginning and end of the text range just | |
1218 modified, and the length of the pre-change text replaced by that range. | |
1219 (For an insertion, the pre-change length is zero; for a deletion, that | |
1220 length is the number of characters deleted, and the post-change | |
12098 | 1221 beginning and end are equal.) |
12067 | 1222 |
6598 | 1223 @item insert-in-front-hooks |
1224 @kindex insert-in-front-hooks @r{(overlay property)} | |
12067 | 1225 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and |
1226 after inserting text right at the beginning of the overlay. The calling | |
1227 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions. | |
6598 | 1228 |
1229 @item insert-behind-hooks | |
1230 @kindex insert-behind-hooks @r{(overlay property)} | |
12067 | 1231 This property's value is a list of functions to be called before and |
1232 after inserting text right at the end of the overlay. The calling | |
1233 conventions are the same as for the @code{modification-hooks} functions. | |
6598 | 1234 |
1235 @item invisible | |
1236 @kindex invisible @r{(overlay property)} | |
12067 | 1237 The @code{invisible} property can make the text in the overlay |
1238 invisible, which means that it does not appear on the screen. | |
1239 @xref{Invisible Text}, for details. | |
1240 | |
1241 @item intangible | |
1242 @kindex intangible @r{(overlay property)} | |
1243 The @code{intangible} property on an overlay works just like the | |
12098 | 1244 @code{intangible} text property. @xref{Special Properties}, for details. |
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1245 |
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1246 @item isearch-open-invisible |
22138
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1247 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay |
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1248 visible, permanently, if the final match overlaps it. @xref{Invisible |
21007
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1249 Text}. |
6598 | 1250 |
22138
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1251 @item isearch-open-invisible-temporary |
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1252 This property tells incremental search how to make an invisible overlay |
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1253 visible, temporarily, during the search. @xref{Invisible Text}. |
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1254 |
6598 | 1255 @item before-string |
1256 @kindex before-string @r{(overlay property)} | |
1257 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the beginning | |
1258 of the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any | |
25875 | 1259 sense---only on the screen. |
6598 | 1260 |
1261 @item after-string | |
1262 @kindex after-string @r{(overlay property)} | |
1263 This property's value is a string to add to the display at the end of | |
1264 the overlay. The string does not appear in the buffer in any | |
25875 | 1265 sense---only on the screen. |
12067 | 1266 |
1267 @item evaporate | |
1268 @kindex evaporate @r{(overlay property)} | |
1269 If this property is non-@code{nil}, the overlay is deleted automatically | |
56451
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|
1270 if it becomes empty (i.e., if its length becomes zero). If you give |
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|
1271 an empty overlay a non-@code{nil} @code{evaporate} property, that deletes |
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|
1272 it immediately. |
16123
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1273 |
29102 | 1274 @item local-map |
29076 | 1275 @cindex keymap of character (and overlays) |
29102 | 1276 @kindex local-map @r{(overlay property)} |
29076 | 1277 If this property is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a keymap for a portion |
1278 of the text. The property's value replaces the buffer's local map, when | |
1279 the character after point is within the overlay. @xref{Active Keymaps}. | |
33996 | 1280 |
1281 @item keymap | |
1282 @kindex keymap @r{(overlay property)} | |
1283 The @code{keymap} property is similar to @code{local-map} but overrides the | |
1284 buffer's local map (and the map specified by the @code{local-map} | |
1285 property) rather than replacing it. | |
29076 | 1286 @end table |
1287 | |
6598 | 1288 @node Managing Overlays |
1289 @subsection Managing Overlays | |
1290 | |
1291 This section describes the functions to create, delete and move | |
1292 overlays, and to examine their contents. | |
1293 | |
53422
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1294 @defun overlayp object |
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1295 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is an overlay. |
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1296 @end defun |
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1297 |
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1298 @defun make-overlay start end &optional buffer front-advance rear-advance |
9009 | 1299 This function creates and returns an overlay that belongs to |
6598 | 1300 @var{buffer} and ranges from @var{start} to @var{end}. Both @var{start} |
1301 and @var{end} must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or | |
1302 markers. If @var{buffer} is omitted, the overlay is created in the | |
1303 current buffer. | |
21007
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1304 |
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1305 The arguments @var{front-advance} and @var{rear-advance} specify the |
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|
1306 insertion type for the start of the overlay and for the end of the |
54023 | 1307 overlay, respectively. @xref{Marker Insertion Types}. If |
1308 @var{front-advance} is non-@code{nil}, text inserted at the beginning | |
1309 of the overlay is excluded from the overlay. If @var{read-advance} is | |
1310 non-@code{nil}, text inserted at the beginning of the overlay is | |
1311 included in the overlay. | |
6598 | 1312 @end defun |
1313 | |
1314 @defun overlay-start overlay | |
21007
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1315 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} starts, |
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1316 as an integer. |
6598 | 1317 @end defun |
1318 | |
1319 @defun overlay-end overlay | |
21007
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1320 This function returns the position at which @var{overlay} ends, |
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1321 as an integer. |
6598 | 1322 @end defun |
1323 | |
1324 @defun overlay-buffer overlay | |
1325 This function returns the buffer that @var{overlay} belongs to. | |
1326 @end defun | |
1327 | |
1328 @defun delete-overlay overlay | |
1329 This function deletes @var{overlay}. The overlay continues to exist as | |
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1330 a Lisp object, and its property list is unchanged, but it ceases to be |
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1331 attached to the buffer it belonged to, and ceases to have any effect on |
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1332 display. |
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1333 |
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1334 A deleted overlay is not permanently disconnected. You can give it a |
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1335 position in a buffer again by calling @code{move-overlay}. |
6598 | 1336 @end defun |
1337 | |
1338 @defun move-overlay overlay start end &optional buffer | |
1339 This function moves @var{overlay} to @var{buffer}, and places its bounds | |
1340 at @var{start} and @var{end}. Both arguments @var{start} and @var{end} | |
26696
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1341 must specify buffer positions; they may be integers or markers. |
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1342 |
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1343 If @var{buffer} is omitted, @var{overlay} stays in the same buffer it |
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1344 was already associated with; if @var{overlay} was deleted, it goes into |
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1345 the current buffer. |
6598 | 1346 |
1347 The return value is @var{overlay}. | |
1348 | |
1349 This is the only valid way to change the endpoints of an overlay. Do | |
1350 not try modifying the markers in the overlay by hand, as that fails to | |
1351 update other vital data structures and can cause some overlays to be | |
1352 ``lost''. | |
1353 @end defun | |
1354 | |
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1355 Here are some examples: |
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1356 |
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1357 @example |
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1358 ;; @r{Create an overlay.} |
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1359 (setq foo (make-overlay 1 10)) |
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1360 @result{} #<overlay from 1 to 10 in display.texi> |
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1361 (overlay-start foo) |
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1362 @result{} 1 |
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1363 (overlay-end foo) |
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1364 @result{} 10 |
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|
1365 (overlay-buffer foo) |
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1366 @result{} #<buffer display.texi> |
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1367 ;; @r{Give it a property we can check later.} |
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1368 (overlay-put foo 'happy t) |
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1369 @result{} t |
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1370 ;; @r{Verify the property is present.} |
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1371 (overlay-get foo 'happy) |
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1372 @result{} t |
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1373 ;; @r{Move the overlay.} |
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1374 (move-overlay foo 5 20) |
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1375 @result{} #<overlay from 5 to 20 in display.texi> |
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1376 (overlay-start foo) |
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1377 @result{} 5 |
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1378 (overlay-end foo) |
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1379 @result{} 20 |
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1380 ;; @r{Delete the overlay.} |
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1381 (delete-overlay foo) |
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1382 @result{} nil |
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1383 ;; @r{Verify it is deleted.} |
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1384 foo |
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1385 @result{} #<overlay in no buffer> |
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1386 ;; @r{A deleted overlay has no position.} |
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1387 (overlay-start foo) |
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1388 @result{} nil |
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1389 (overlay-end foo) |
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1390 @result{} nil |
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1391 (overlay-buffer foo) |
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1392 @result{} nil |
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1393 ;; @r{Undelete the overlay.} |
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1394 (move-overlay foo 1 20) |
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1395 @result{} #<overlay from 1 to 20 in display.texi> |
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1396 ;; @r{Verify the results.} |
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1397 (overlay-start foo) |
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1398 @result{} 1 |
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1399 (overlay-end foo) |
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|
1400 @result{} 20 |
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1401 (overlay-buffer foo) |
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|
1402 @result{} #<buffer display.texi> |
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1403 ;; @r{Moving and deleting the overlay does not change its properties.} |
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1404 (overlay-get foo 'happy) |
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1405 @result{} t |
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1406 @end example |
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1407 |
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1408 @node Finding Overlays |
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|
1409 @subsection Searching for Overlays |
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1410 |
6598 | 1411 @defun overlays-at pos |
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1412 This function returns a list of all the overlays that cover the |
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1413 character at position @var{pos} in the current buffer. The list is in |
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1414 no particular order. An overlay contains position @var{pos} if it |
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1415 begins at or before @var{pos}, and ends after @var{pos}. |
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1416 |
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1417 To illustrate usage, here is a Lisp function that returns a list of the |
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1418 overlays that specify property @var{prop} for the character at point: |
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1419 |
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1420 @smallexample |
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1421 (defun find-overlays-specifying (prop) |
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1422 (let ((overlays (overlays-at (point))) |
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1423 found) |
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1424 (while overlays |
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1425 (let ((overlay (car overlays))) |
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1426 (if (overlay-get overlay prop) |
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1427 (setq found (cons overlay found)))) |
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1428 (setq overlays (cdr overlays))) |
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1429 found)) |
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1430 @end smallexample |
6598 | 1431 @end defun |
1432 | |
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1433 @defun overlays-in beg end |
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1434 This function returns a list of the overlays that overlap the region |
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1435 @var{beg} through @var{end}. ``Overlap'' means that at least one |
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1436 character is contained within the overlay and also contained within the |
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1437 specified region; however, empty overlays are included in the result if |
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1438 they are located at @var{beg}, or strictly between @var{beg} and @var{end}. |
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1439 @end defun |
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1440 |
6598 | 1441 @defun next-overlay-change pos |
1442 This function returns the buffer position of the next beginning or end | |
1443 of an overlay, after @var{pos}. | |
1444 @end defun | |
1445 | |
12067 | 1446 @defun previous-overlay-change pos |
1447 This function returns the buffer position of the previous beginning or | |
1448 end of an overlay, before @var{pos}. | |
1449 @end defun | |
1450 | |
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1451 Here's an easy way to use @code{next-overlay-change} to search for the |
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1452 next character which gets a non-@code{nil} @code{happy} property from |
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1453 either its overlays or its text properties (@pxref{Property Search}): |
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1454 |
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1455 @smallexample |
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1456 (defun find-overlay-prop (prop) |
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|
1457 (save-excursion |
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|
1458 (while (and (not (eobp)) |
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|
1459 (not (get-char-property (point) 'happy))) |
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|
1460 (goto-char (min (next-overlay-change (point)) |
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|
1461 (next-single-property-change (point) 'happy)))) |
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|
1462 (point))) |
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|
1463 @end smallexample |
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1464 |
21007
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1465 @node Width |
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1466 @section Width |
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1467 |
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1468 Since not all characters have the same width, these functions let you |
21682
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1469 check the width of a character. @xref{Primitive Indent}, and |
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1470 @ref{Screen Lines}, for related functions. |
21007
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1471 |
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1472 @defun char-width char |
21007
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1473 This function returns the width in columns of the character @var{char}, |
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1474 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. |
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1475 @end defun |
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1476 |
22138
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1477 @defun string-width string |
21007
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1478 This function returns the width in columns of the string @var{string}, |
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1479 if it were displayed in the current buffer and the selected window. |
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1480 @end defun |
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1481 |
22138
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1482 @defun truncate-string-to-width string width &optional start-column padding |
21007
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1483 This function returns the part of @var{string} that fits within |
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1484 @var{width} columns, as a new string. |
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1485 |
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1486 If @var{string} does not reach @var{width}, then the result ends where |
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1487 @var{string} ends. If one multi-column character in @var{string} |
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1488 extends across the column @var{width}, that character is not included in |
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1489 the result. Thus, the result can fall short of @var{width} but cannot |
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1490 go beyond it. |
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1491 |
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1492 The optional argument @var{start-column} specifies the starting column. |
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1493 If this is non-@code{nil}, then the first @var{start-column} columns of |
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1494 the string are omitted from the value. If one multi-column character in |
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1495 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}, that |
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1496 character is not included. |
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1497 |
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1498 The optional argument @var{padding}, if non-@code{nil}, is a padding |
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1499 character added at the beginning and end of the result string, to extend |
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1500 it to exactly @var{width} columns. The padding character is used at the |
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1501 end of the result if it falls short of @var{width}. It is also used at |
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1502 the beginning of the result if one multi-column character in |
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1503 @var{string} extends across the column @var{start-column}. |
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1504 |
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1505 @example |
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1506 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4) |
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1507 @result{} "ab" |
52002
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1508 (truncate-string-to-width "\tab\t" 12 4 ?\s) |
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1509 @result{} " ab " |
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1510 @end example |
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1511 @end defun |
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1512 |
6598 | 1513 @node Faces |
1514 @section Faces | |
40469
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1515 @cindex faces |
6598 | 1516 |
25751
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1517 A @dfn{face} is a named collection of graphical attributes: font |
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1518 family, foreground color, background color, optional underlining, and |
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1519 many others. Faces are used in Emacs to control the style of display of |
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1520 particular parts of the text or the frame. |
6598 | 1521 |
1522 @cindex face id | |
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1523 Each face has its own @dfn{face number}, which distinguishes faces at |
25751
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1524 low levels within Emacs. However, for most purposes, you refer to |
6598 | 1525 faces in Lisp programs by their names. |
1526 | |
12067 | 1527 @defun facep object |
1528 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a face name symbol (or | |
1529 if it is a vector of the kind used internally to record face data). It | |
1530 returns @code{nil} otherwise. | |
1531 @end defun | |
1532 | |
6598 | 1533 Each face name is meaningful for all frames, and by default it has the |
1534 same meaning in all frames. But you can arrange to give a particular | |
1535 face name a special meaning in one frame if you wish. | |
1536 | |
1537 @menu | |
1538 * Standard Faces:: The faces Emacs normally comes with. | |
21682
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1539 * Defining Faces:: How to define a face with @code{defface}. |
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1540 * Face Attributes:: What is in a face? |
53467
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1541 * Attribute Functions:: Functions to examine and set face attributes. |
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1542 * Merging Faces:: How Emacs combines the faces specified for a character. |
25751
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1543 * Font Selection:: Finding the best available font for a face. |
53467
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1544 * Face Functions:: How to define and examine faces. |
25751
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1545 * Auto Faces:: Hook for automatic face assignment. |
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1546 * Font Lookup:: Looking up the names of available fonts |
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1547 and information about them. |
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1548 * Fontsets:: A fontset is a collection of fonts |
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1549 that handle a range of character sets. |
6598 | 1550 @end menu |
1551 | |
1552 @node Standard Faces | |
1553 @subsection Standard Faces | |
1554 | |
25751
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1555 This table lists all the standard faces and their uses. Most of them |
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1556 are used for displaying certain parts of the frames or certain kinds of |
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1557 text; you can control how those places look by customizing these faces. |
6598 | 1558 |
1559 @table @code | |
1560 @item default | |
1561 @kindex default @r{(face name)} | |
1562 This face is used for ordinary text. | |
1563 | |
25751
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1564 @item mode-line |
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1565 @kindex mode-line @r{(face name)} |
43262
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(Standard Faces): Document mode-line-inactive.
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|
1566 This face is used for the mode line of the selected window, and for |
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|
1567 menu bars when toolkit menus are not used---but only if |
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1568 @code{mode-line-inverse-video} is non-@code{nil}. |
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1569 |
6598 | 1570 @item modeline |
1571 @kindex modeline @r{(face name)} | |
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1572 This is an alias for the @code{mode-line} face, for compatibility with |
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1573 old Emacs versions. |
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1574 |
43262
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|
1575 @item mode-line-inactive |
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|
1576 @kindex mode-line-inactive @r{(face name)} |
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(Standard Faces): Document mode-line-inactive.
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|
1577 This face is used for mode lines of non-selected windows. |
43290 | 1578 This face inherits from @code{mode-line}, so changes |
1579 in that face affect all windows. | |
43262
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|
1580 |
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1581 @item header-line |
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1582 @kindex header-line @r{(face name)} |
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1583 This face is used for the header lines of windows that have them. |
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1584 |
25875 | 1585 @item menu |
1586 This face controls the display of menus, both their colors and their | |
1587 font. (This works only on certain systems.) | |
1588 | |
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1589 @item fringe |
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1590 @kindex fringe @r{(face name)} |
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1591 This face controls the default colors of window fringes, the thin areas on |
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1592 either side that are used to display continuation and truncation glyphs. |
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1593 |
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1594 @item minibuffer-prompt |
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1595 @kindex minibuffer-prompt @r{(face name)} |
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1596 @vindex minibuffer-prompt-properties |
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1597 This face is used for the text of minibuffer prompts. By default, |
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1598 Emacs automatically adds this face to the value of |
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1599 @code{minibuffer-prompt-properties}, which is a list of text |
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1600 properties used to display the prompt text. |
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1601 |
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1602 @item scroll-bar |
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1603 @kindex scroll-bar @r{(face name)} |
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1604 This face controls the colors for display of scroll bars. |
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1605 |
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1606 @item tool-bar |
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1607 @kindex tool-bar @r{(face name)} |
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1608 This face is used for display of the tool bar, if any. |
6598 | 1609 |
1610 @item region | |
1611 @kindex region @r{(face name)} | |
1612 This face is used for highlighting the region in Transient Mark mode. | |
1613 | |
1614 @item secondary-selection | |
1615 @kindex secondary-selection @r{(face name)} | |
1616 This face is used to show any secondary selection you have made. | |
1617 | |
1618 @item highlight | |
1619 @kindex highlight @r{(face name)} | |
1620 This face is meant to be used for highlighting for various purposes. | |
1621 | |
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1622 @item trailing-whitespace |
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1623 @kindex trailing-whitespace @r{(face name)} |
25875 | 1624 This face is used to display excess whitespace at the end of a line, |
1625 if @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-@code{nil}. | |
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1626 @end table |
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1627 |
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1628 In contrast, these faces are provided to change the appearance of text |
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1629 in specific ways. You can use them on specific text, when you want |
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1630 the effects they produce. |
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1631 |
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1632 @table @code |
6598 | 1633 @item bold |
1634 @kindex bold @r{(face name)} | |
1635 This face uses a bold font, if possible. It uses the bold variant of | |
1636 the frame's font, if it has one. It's up to you to choose a default | |
1637 font that has a bold variant, if you want to use one. | |
1638 | |
1639 @item italic | |
1640 @kindex italic @r{(face name)} | |
1641 This face uses the italic variant of the frame's font, if it has one. | |
1642 | |
1643 @item bold-italic | |
1644 @kindex bold-italic @r{(face name)} | |
1645 This face uses the bold italic variant of the frame's font, if it has | |
1646 one. | |
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1647 |
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1648 @item underline |
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1649 @kindex underline @r{(face name)} |
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1650 This face underlines text. |
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1651 |
38278 | 1652 @item fixed-pitch |
1653 @kindex fixed-pitch @r{(face name)} | |
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1654 This face forces use of a particular fixed-width font. |
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1655 |
38278 | 1656 @item variable-pitch |
1657 @kindex variable-pitch @r{(face name)} | |
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1658 This face forces use of a particular variable-width font. It's |
25875 | 1659 reasonable to customize this to use a different variable-width font, if |
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1660 you like, but you should not make it a fixed-width font. |
6598 | 1661 @end table |
1662 | |
25875 | 1663 @defvar show-trailing-whitespace |
1664 @tindex show-trailing-whitespace | |
1665 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs uses the | |
1666 @code{trailing-whitespace} face to display any spaces and tabs at the | |
1667 end of a line. | |
1668 @end defvar | |
1669 | |
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1670 @node Defining Faces |
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1671 @subsection Defining Faces |
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1672 |
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1673 The way to define a new face is with @code{defface}. This creates a |
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1674 kind of customization item (@pxref{Customization}) which the user can |
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1675 customize using the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy Customization,,, |
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1676 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). |
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1677 |
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1678 @defmac defface face spec doc [keyword value]... |
25875 | 1679 This declares @var{face} as a customizable face that defaults according |
1680 to @var{spec}. You should not quote the symbol @var{face}. The | |
1681 argument @var{doc} specifies the face documentation. The keywords you | |
1682 can use in @code{defface} are the same ones that are meaningful in both | |
1683 @code{defgroup} and @code{defcustom} (@pxref{Common Keywords}). | |
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1684 |
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1685 When @code{defface} executes, it defines the face according to |
22138
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1686 @var{spec}, then uses any customizations that were read from the |
25875 | 1687 init file (@pxref{Init File}) to override that specification. |
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1688 |
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1689 The purpose of @var{spec} is to specify how the face should appear on |
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1690 different kinds of terminals. It should be an alist whose elements have |
25875 | 1691 the form @code{(@var{display} @var{atts})}. Each element's @sc{car}, |
1692 @var{display}, specifies a class of terminals. The element's second element, | |
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1693 @var{atts}, is a list of face attributes and their values; it specifies |
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1694 what the face should look like on that kind of terminal. The possible |
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1695 attributes are defined in the value of @code{custom-face-attributes}. |
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1696 |
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1697 The @var{display} part of an element of @var{spec} determines which |
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1698 frames the element applies to. If more than one element of @var{spec} |
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1699 matches a given frame, the first matching element is the only one used |
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1700 for that frame. There are two possibilities for @var{display}: |
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1701 |
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1702 @table @asis |
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1703 @item @code{t} |
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1704 This element of @var{spec} matches all frames. Therefore, any |
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1705 subsequent elements of @var{spec} are never used. Normally |
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1706 @code{t} is used in the last (or only) element of @var{spec}. |
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1707 |
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1708 @item a list |
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1709 If @var{display} is a list, each element should have the form |
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1710 @code{(@var{characteristic} @var{value}@dots{})}. Here |
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1711 @var{characteristic} specifies a way of classifying frames, and the |
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1712 @var{value}s are possible classifications which @var{display} should |
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1713 apply to. Here are the possible values of @var{characteristic}: |
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1714 |
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1715 @table @code |
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1716 @item type |
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1717 The kind of window system the frame uses---either @code{graphic} (any |
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1718 graphics-capable display), @code{x}, @code{pc} (for the MS-DOS console), |
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1719 @code{w32} (for MS Windows 9X/NT), or @code{tty} (a non-graphics-capable |
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1720 display). |
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1721 |
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1722 @item class |
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1723 What kinds of colors the frame supports---either @code{color}, |
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1724 @code{grayscale}, or @code{mono}. |
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1725 |
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1726 @item background |
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1727 The kind of background---either @code{light} or @code{dark}. |
45745 | 1728 |
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1729 @item min-colors |
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1730 An integer that represents the minimum number of colors the frame should |
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1731 support, it is compared with the result of @code{display-color-cells}. |
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1732 |
45745 | 1733 @item supports |
46170 | 1734 Whether or not the frame can display the face attributes given in |
1735 @var{value}@dots{} (@pxref{Face Attributes}). See the documentation | |
1736 for the function @code{display-supports-face-attributes-p} for more | |
1737 information on exactly how this testing is done. @xref{Display Face | |
1738 Attribute Testing}. | |
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1739 @end table |
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1740 |
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1741 If an element of @var{display} specifies more than one @var{value} for a |
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1742 given @var{characteristic}, any of those values is acceptable. If |
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1743 @var{display} has more than one element, each element should specify a |
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1744 different @var{characteristic}; then @emph{each} characteristic of the |
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1745 frame must match one of the @var{value}s specified for it in |
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1746 @var{display}. |
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1747 @end table |
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1748 @end defmac |
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1749 |
25875 | 1750 Here's how the standard face @code{region} is defined: |
21682
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1751 |
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1752 @example |
25875 | 1753 @group |
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1754 '((((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark)) |
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1755 :background "blue3") |
25875 | 1756 @end group |
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1757 (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light)) |
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1758 :background "lightgoldenrod2") |
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1759 (((class color) (min-colors 16) (background dark)) |
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1760 :background "blue3") |
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1761 (((class color) (min-colors 16) (background light)) |
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1762 :background "lightgoldenrod2") |
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1763 (((class color) (min-colors 8)) |
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1764 :background "blue" :foreground "white") |
25875 | 1765 (((type tty) (class mono)) |
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1766 :inverse-video t) |
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1767 (t :background "gray")) |
25875 | 1768 @group |
1769 "Basic face for highlighting the region." | |
1770 :group 'basic-faces) | |
1771 @end group | |
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1772 @end example |
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1773 |
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1774 Internally, @code{defface} uses the symbol property |
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1775 @code{face-defface-spec} to record the face attributes specified in |
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1776 @code{defface}, @code{saved-face} for the attributes saved by the user |
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1777 with the customization buffer, and @code{face-documentation} for the |
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1778 documentation string. |
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1779 |
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1780 @defopt frame-background-mode |
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1781 This option, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the background type to use for |
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1782 interpreting face definitions. If it is @code{dark}, then Emacs treats |
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1783 all frames as if they had a dark background, regardless of their actual |
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1784 background colors. If it is @code{light}, then Emacs treats all frames |
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1785 as if they had a light background. |
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1786 @end defopt |
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1787 |
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1788 @node Face Attributes |
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1789 @subsection Face Attributes |
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1790 @cindex face attributes |
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1791 |
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1792 The effect of using a face is determined by a fixed set of @dfn{face |
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1793 attributes}. This table lists all the face attributes, and what they |
25875 | 1794 mean. Note that in general, more than one face can be specified for a |
1795 given piece of text; when that happens, the attributes of all the faces | |
1796 are merged to specify how to display the text. @xref{Merging Faces}. | |
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1797 |
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1798 In Emacs 21, any attribute in a face can have the value |
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1799 @code{unspecified}. This means the face doesn't specify that attribute. |
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1800 In face merging, when the first face fails to specify a particular |
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1801 attribute, that means the next face gets a chance. However, the |
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1802 @code{default} face must specify all attributes. |
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1803 |
25875 | 1804 Some of these font attributes are meaningful only on certain kinds of |
1805 displays---if your display cannot handle a certain attribute, the | |
1806 attribute is ignored. (The attributes @code{:family}, @code{:width}, | |
1807 @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} correspond to parts of | |
1808 an X Logical Font Descriptor.) | |
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1809 |
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1810 @table @code |
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1811 @item :family |
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1812 Font family name, or fontset name (@pxref{Fontsets}). If you specify a |
25875 | 1813 font family name, the wild-card characters @samp{*} and @samp{?} are |
1814 allowed. | |
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1815 |
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1816 @item :width |
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1817 Relative proportionate width, also known as the character set width or |
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1818 set width. This should be one of the symbols @code{ultra-condensed}, |
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1819 @code{extra-condensed}, @code{condensed}, @code{semi-condensed}, |
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1820 @code{normal}, @code{semi-expanded}, @code{expanded}, |
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1821 @code{extra-expanded}, or @code{ultra-expanded}. |
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1822 |
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1823 @item :height |
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1824 Either the font height, an integer in units of 1/10 point, a floating |
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1825 point number specifying the amount by which to scale the height of any |
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1826 underlying face, or a function, which is called with the old height |
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1827 (from the underlying face), and should return the new height. |
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1828 |
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1829 @item :weight |
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1830 Font weight---a symbol from this series (from most dense to most faint): |
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1831 @code{ultra-bold}, @code{extra-bold}, @code{bold}, @code{semi-bold}, |
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1832 @code{normal}, @code{semi-light}, @code{light}, @code{extra-light}, |
25875 | 1833 or @code{ultra-light}. |
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1834 |
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1835 On a text-only terminal, any weight greater than normal is displayed as |
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1836 extra bright, and any weight less than normal is displayed as |
25875 | 1837 half-bright (provided the terminal supports the feature). |
1838 | |
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1839 @item :slant |
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1840 Font slant---one of the symbols @code{italic}, @code{oblique}, @code{normal}, |
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1841 @code{reverse-italic}, or @code{reverse-oblique}. |
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1842 |
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1843 On a text-only terminal, slanted text is displayed as half-bright, if |
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1844 the terminal supports the feature. |
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1845 |
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1846 @item :foreground |
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1847 Foreground color, a string. |
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1848 |
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1849 @item :background |
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1850 Background color, a string. |
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1851 |
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1852 @item :inverse-video |
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1853 Whether or not characters should be displayed in inverse video. The |
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1854 value should be @code{t} (yes) or @code{nil} (no). |
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1855 |
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1856 @item :stipple |
25875 | 1857 The background stipple, a bitmap. |
1858 | |
1859 The value can be a string; that should be the name of a file containing | |
1860 external-format X bitmap data. The file is found in the directories | |
1861 listed in the variable @code{x-bitmap-file-path}. | |
1862 | |
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1863 Alternatively, the value can specify the bitmap directly, with a list |
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1864 of the form @code{(@var{width} @var{height} @var{data})}. Here, |
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1865 @var{width} and @var{height} specify the size in pixels, and |
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1866 @var{data} is a string containing the raw bits of the bitmap, row by |
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1867 row. Each row occupies @math{(@var{width} + 7) / 8} consecutive bytes |
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1868 in the string (which should be a unibyte string for best results). |
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1869 This means that each row always occupies at least one whole byte. |
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1870 |
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1871 If the value is @code{nil}, that means use no stipple pattern. |
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1872 |
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1873 Normally you do not need to set the stipple attribute, because it is |
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1874 used automatically to handle certain shades of gray. |
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1875 |
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1876 @item :underline |
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1877 Whether or not characters should be underlined, and in what color. If |
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1878 the value is @code{t}, underlining uses the foreground color of the |
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1879 face. If the value is a string, underlining uses that color. The |
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1880 value @code{nil} means do not underline. |
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1881 |
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1882 @item :overline |
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1883 Whether or not characters should be overlined, and in what color. |
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1884 The value is used like that of @code{:underline}. |
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1885 |
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1886 @item :strike-through |
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1887 Whether or not characters should be strike-through, and in what |
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1888 color. The value is used like that of @code{:underline}. |
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1889 |
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1890 @item :inherit |
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1891 The name of a face from which to inherit attributes, or a list of face |
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1892 names. Attributes from inherited faces are merged into the face like an |
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1893 underlying face would be, with higher priority than underlying faces. |
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1894 |
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1895 @item :box |
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1896 Whether or not a box should be drawn around characters, its color, the |
25875 | 1897 width of the box lines, and 3D appearance. |
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1898 @end table |
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1899 |
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1900 Here are the possible values of the @code{:box} attribute, and what |
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1901 they mean: |
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1902 |
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1903 @table @asis |
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1904 @item @code{nil} |
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1905 Don't draw a box. |
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1906 |
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1907 @item @code{t} |
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1908 Draw a box with lines of width 1, in the foreground color. |
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1909 |
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1910 @item @var{color} |
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1911 Draw a box with lines of width 1, in color @var{color}. |
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1912 |
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1913 @item @code{(:line-width @var{width} :color @var{color} :style @var{style})} |
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1914 This way you can explicitly specify all aspects of the box. The value |
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1915 @var{width} specifies the width of the lines to draw; it defaults to 1. |
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1916 |
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1917 The value @var{color} specifies the color to draw with. The default is |
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1918 the foreground color of the face for simple boxes, and the background |
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1919 color of the face for 3D boxes. |
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1920 |
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1921 The value @var{style} specifies whether to draw a 3D box. If it is |
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1922 @code{released-button}, the box looks like a 3D button that is not being |
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1923 pressed. If it is @code{pressed-button}, the box looks like a 3D button |
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1924 that is being pressed. If it is @code{nil} or omitted, a plain 2D box |
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1925 is used. |
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1926 @end table |
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1927 |
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1928 The attributes @code{:overline}, @code{:strike-through} and |
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1929 @code{:box} are new in Emacs 21. The attributes @code{:family}, |
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1930 @code{:height}, @code{:width}, @code{:weight}, @code{:slant} are also |
25875 | 1931 new; previous versions used the following attributes, now semi-obsolete, |
1932 to specify some of the same information: | |
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1933 |
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1934 @table @code |
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1935 @item :font |
25875 | 1936 This attribute specifies the font name. |
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1937 |
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1938 @item :bold |
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1939 A non-@code{nil} value specifies a bold font. |
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1940 |
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1941 @item :italic |
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1942 A non-@code{nil} value specifies an italic font. |
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1943 @end table |
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1944 |
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1945 For compatibility, you can still set these ``attributes'' in Emacs 21, |
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1946 even though they are not real face attributes. Here is what that does: |
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1947 |
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1948 @table @code |
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1949 @item :font |
25875 | 1950 You can specify an X font name as the ``value'' of this ``attribute''; |
1951 that sets the @code{:family}, @code{:width}, @code{:height}, | |
1952 @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} attributes according to the font name. | |
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1953 |
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1954 If the value is a pattern with wildcards, the first font that matches |
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1955 the pattern is used to set these attributes. |
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1956 |
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1957 @item :bold |
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1958 A non-@code{nil} makes the face bold; @code{nil} makes it normal. |
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1959 This actually works by setting the @code{:weight} attribute. |
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1960 |
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1961 @item :italic |
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1962 A non-@code{nil} makes the face italic; @code{nil} makes it normal. |
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1963 This actually works by setting the @code{:slant} attribute. |
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1964 @end table |
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1965 |
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1966 @defvar x-bitmap-file-path |
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1967 This variable specifies a list of directories for searching |
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1968 for bitmap files, for the @code{:stipple} attribute. |
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1969 @end defvar |
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1970 |
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1971 @defun bitmap-spec-p object |
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1972 This returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a valid bitmap specification, |
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1973 suitable for use with @code{:stipple} (see above). It returns |
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1974 @code{nil} otherwise. |
25875 | 1975 @end defun |
1976 | |
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1977 @node Attribute Functions |
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1978 @subsection Face Attribute Functions |
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1979 |
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1980 You can modify the attributes of an existing face with the following |
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1981 functions. If you specify @var{frame}, they affect just that frame; |
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1982 otherwise, they affect all frames as well as the defaults that apply to |
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1983 new frames. |
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1984 |
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1985 @tindex set-face-attribute |
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1986 @defun set-face-attribute face frame &rest arguments |
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1987 This function sets one or more attributes of face @var{face} |
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1988 for frame @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, it sets |
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1989 the attribute for all frames, and the defaults for new frames. |
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1990 |
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1991 The extra arguments @var{arguments} specify the attributes to set, and |
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1992 the values for them. They should consist of alternating attribute names |
25875 | 1993 (such as @code{:family} or @code{:underline}) and corresponding values. |
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1994 Thus, |
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1995 |
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1996 @example |
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1997 (set-face-attribute 'foo nil |
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1998 :width 'extended |
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1999 :weight 'bold |
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2000 :underline "red") |
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2001 @end example |
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2002 |
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2003 @noindent |
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2004 sets the attributes @code{:width}, @code{:weight} and @code{:underline} |
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2005 to the corresponding values. |
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2006 @end defun |
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2007 |
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2008 @tindex face-attribute |
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2009 @defun face-attribute face attribute &optional frame inherit |
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2010 This returns the value of the @var{attribute} attribute of face |
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2011 @var{face} on @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is @code{nil}, |
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2012 that means the selected frame (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
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2013 |
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2014 If @var{frame} is @code{t}, the value is the default for |
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2015 @var{face} for new frames. |
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2016 |
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2017 If @var{inherit} is @code{nil}, only attributes directly defined by |
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2018 @var{face} are considered, so the return value may be |
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2019 @code{unspecified}, or a relative value. If @var{inherit} is |
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2020 non-@code{nil}, @var{face}'s definition of @var{attribute} is merged |
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2021 with the faces specified by its @code{:inherit} attribute; however the |
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2022 return value may still be @code{unspecified} or relative. If |
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2023 @var{inherit} is a face or a list of faces, then the result is further |
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2024 merged with that face (or faces), until it becomes specified and |
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2025 absolute. |
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2026 |
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2027 To ensure that the return value is always specified and absolute, use |
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2028 a value of @code{default} for @var{inherit}; this will resolve any |
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2029 unspecified or relative values by merging with the @code{default} face |
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2030 (which is always completely specified). |
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2031 |
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|
2032 For example, |
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2033 |
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|
2034 @example |
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|
2035 (face-attribute 'bold :weight) |
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2036 @result{} bold |
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|
2037 @end example |
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|
2038 @end defun |
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|
2039 |
25875 | 2040 The functions above did not exist before Emacs 21. For compatibility |
2041 with older Emacs versions, you can use the following functions to set | |
25751
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2042 and examine the face attributes which existed in those versions. |
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2043 |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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parents:
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|
2044 @tindex face-attribute-relative-p |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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parents:
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|
2045 @defun face-attribute-relative-p attribute value |
54023 | 2046 This function returns non-@code{nil} if @var{value}, when used as |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2047 the value of the face attribute @var{attribute}, is relative (that is, |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2048 if it modifies an underlying or inherited value of @var{attribute}). |
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parents:
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|
2049 @end defun |
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|
2050 |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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|
2051 @tindex merge-face-attribute |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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parents:
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|
2052 @defun merge-face-attribute attribute value1 value2 |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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parents:
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|
2053 If @var{value1} is a relative value for the face attribute |
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parents:
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|
2054 @var{attribute}, returns it merged with the underlying value |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2055 @var{value2}; otherwise, if @var{value1} is an absolute value for the |
51000
72af65197e01
Fix typos. Patch from Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2056 face attribute @var{attribute}, returns @var{value1} unchanged. |
46240
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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parents:
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|
2057 @end defun |
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Add entries for face-attribute-relative-p, merge-face-attribute.
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|
2058 |
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2059 @defun set-face-foreground face color &optional frame |
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2060 @defunx set-face-background face color &optional frame |
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2061 These functions set the foreground (or background, respectively) color |
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2062 of face @var{face} to @var{color}. The argument @var{color} should be a |
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2063 string, the name of a color. |
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2064 |
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2065 Certain shades of gray are implemented by stipple patterns on |
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2066 black-and-white screens. |
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2067 @end defun |
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2068 |
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2069 @defun set-face-stipple face pattern &optional frame |
42888
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(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
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2070 This function sets the background stipple pattern of face @var{face} |
04040cfbdf67
(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
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parents:
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|
2071 to @var{pattern}. The argument @var{pattern} should be the name of a |
04040cfbdf67
(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
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|
2072 stipple pattern defined by the X server, or actual bitmap data |
04040cfbdf67
(set-face-stipple): Reference description of bitmap data
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|
2073 (@pxref{Face Attributes}), or @code{nil} meaning don't use stipple. |
25751
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2074 |
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2075 Normally there is no need to pay attention to stipple patterns, because |
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|
2076 they are used automatically to handle certain shades of gray. |
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2077 @end defun |
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2078 |
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2079 @defun set-face-font face font &optional frame |
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2080 This function sets the font of face @var{face}. |
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2081 |
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2082 In Emacs 21, this actually sets the attributes @code{:family}, |
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2083 @code{:width}, @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant} |
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2084 according to the font name @var{font}. |
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2085 |
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2086 In Emacs 20, this sets the font attribute. Once you set the font |
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2087 explicitly, the bold and italic attributes cease to have any effect, |
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|
2088 because the precise font that you specified is used. |
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|
2089 @end defun |
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2090 |
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|
2091 @defun set-face-bold-p face bold-p &optional frame |
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|
2092 This function specifies whether @var{face} should be bold. If |
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|
2093 @var{bold-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means yes; @code{nil} means no. |
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2094 |
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2095 In Emacs 21, this sets the @code{:weight} attribute. |
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|
2096 In Emacs 20, it sets the @code{:bold} attribute. |
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2097 @end defun |
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|
2098 |
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|
2099 @defun set-face-italic-p face italic-p &optional frame |
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|
2100 This function specifies whether @var{face} should be italic. If |
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|
2101 @var{italic-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means yes; @code{nil} means no. |
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2102 |
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2103 In Emacs 21, this sets the @code{:slant} attribute. |
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|
2104 In Emacs 20, it sets the @code{:italic} attribute. |
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|
2105 @end defun |
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|
2106 |
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|
2107 @defun set-face-underline-p face underline-p &optional frame |
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|
2108 This function sets the underline attribute of face @var{face}. |
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|
2109 Non-@code{nil} means do underline; @code{nil} means don't. |
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|
2110 @end defun |
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|
2111 |
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|
2112 @defun invert-face face &optional frame |
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|
2113 This function inverts the @code{:inverse-video} attribute of face |
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|
2114 @var{face}. If the attribute is @code{nil}, this function sets it to |
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|
2115 @code{t}, and vice versa. |
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|
2116 @end defun |
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|
2117 |
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|
2118 These functions examine the attributes of a face. If you don't |
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|
2119 specify @var{frame}, they refer to the default data for new frames. |
25875 | 2120 They return the symbol @code{unspecified} if the face doesn't define any |
2121 value for that attribute. | |
25751
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2122 |
46245
fb42c0446cbf
Update face-foreground and face-background to mention INHERIT parameter.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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46240
diff
changeset
|
2123 @defun face-foreground face &optional frame inherit |
25751
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|
2124 @defunx face-background face &optional frame |
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|
2125 These functions return the foreground color (or background color, |
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|
2126 respectively) of face @var{face}, as a string. |
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Update face-foreground and face-background to mention INHERIT parameter.
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|
2127 |
54777 | 2128 If @var{inherit} is @code{nil}, only a color directly defined by the face is |
2129 returned. If @var{inherit} is non-@code{nil}, any faces specified by its | |
46245
fb42c0446cbf
Update face-foreground and face-background to mention INHERIT parameter.
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diff
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|
2130 @code{:inherit} attribute are considered as well, and if @var{inherit} |
fb42c0446cbf
Update face-foreground and face-background to mention INHERIT parameter.
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diff
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|
2131 is a face or a list of faces, then they are also considered, until a |
fb42c0446cbf
Update face-foreground and face-background to mention INHERIT parameter.
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diff
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|
2132 specified color is found. To ensure that the return value is always |
fb42c0446cbf
Update face-foreground and face-background to mention INHERIT parameter.
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|
2133 specified, use a value of @code{default} for @var{inherit}. |
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|
2134 @end defun |
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|
2135 |
46245
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changeset
|
2136 @defun face-stipple face &optional frame inherit |
25751
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|
2137 This function returns the name of the background stipple pattern of face |
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|
2138 @var{face}, or @code{nil} if it doesn't have one. |
46245
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|
2139 |
51652
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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|
2140 If @var{inherit} is @code{nil}, only a stipple directly defined by the |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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|
2141 face is returned. If @var{inherit} is non-@code{nil}, any faces |
55fb0658914a
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diff
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|
2142 specified by its @code{:inherit} attribute are considered as well, and |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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|
2143 if @var{inherit} is a face or a list of faces, then they are also |
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|
2144 considered, until a specified stipple is found. To ensure that the |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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|
2145 return value is always specified, use a value of @code{default} for |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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|
2146 @var{inherit}. |
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|
2147 @end defun |
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|
2148 |
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|
2149 @defun face-font face &optional frame |
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|
2150 This function returns the name of the font of face @var{face}. |
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|
2151 @end defun |
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|
2152 |
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|
2153 @defun face-bold-p face &optional frame |
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|
2154 This function returns @code{t} if @var{face} is bold---that is, if it is |
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|
2155 bolder than normal. It returns @code{nil} otherwise. |
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|
2156 @end defun |
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|
2157 |
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|
2158 @defun face-italic-p face &optional frame |
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2159 This function returns @code{t} if @var{face} is italic or oblique, |
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2160 @code{nil} otherwise. |
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2161 @end defun |
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2162 |
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2163 @defun face-underline-p face &optional frame |
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2164 This function returns the @code{:underline} attribute of face @var{face}. |
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2165 @end defun |
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2166 |
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2167 @defun face-inverse-video-p face &optional frame |
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2168 This function returns the @code{:inverse-video} attribute of face @var{face}. |
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2169 @end defun |
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2170 |
6598 | 2171 @node Merging Faces |
2172 @subsection Merging Faces for Display | |
2173 | |
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2174 Here are the ways to specify which faces to use for display of text: |
6598 | 2175 |
2176 @itemize @bullet | |
2177 @item | |
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2178 With defaults. The @code{default} face is used as the ultimate |
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2179 default for all text. (In Emacs 19 and 20, the @code{default} |
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2180 face is used only when no other face is specified.) |
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2181 |
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2182 For a mode line or header line, the face @code{modeline} or |
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2183 @code{header-line} is used just before @code{default}. |
6598 | 2184 |
2185 @item | |
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2186 With text properties. A character can have a @code{face} property; if |
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2187 so, the faces and face attributes specified there apply. @xref{Special |
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2188 Properties}. |
6598 | 2189 |
2190 If the character has a @code{mouse-face} property, that is used instead | |
2191 of the @code{face} property when the mouse is ``near enough'' to the | |
2192 character. | |
2193 | |
2194 @item | |
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2195 With overlays. An overlay can have @code{face} and @code{mouse-face} |
6598 | 2196 properties too; they apply to all the text covered by the overlay. |
2197 | |
2198 @item | |
12098 | 2199 With a region that is active. In Transient Mark mode, the region is |
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2200 highlighted with the face @code{region} (@pxref{Standard Faces}). |
12098 | 2201 |
2202 @item | |
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2203 With special glyphs. Each glyph can specify a particular face |
6598 | 2204 number. @xref{Glyphs}. |
2205 @end itemize | |
2206 | |
2207 If these various sources together specify more than one face for a | |
2208 particular character, Emacs merges the attributes of the various faces | |
2209 specified. The attributes of the faces of special glyphs come first; | |
12098 | 2210 then comes the face for region highlighting, if appropriate; |
6598 | 2211 then come attributes of faces from overlays, followed by those from text |
2212 properties, and last the default face. | |
2213 | |
2214 When multiple overlays cover one character, an overlay with higher | |
2215 priority overrides those with lower priority. @xref{Overlays}. | |
2216 | |
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2217 In Emacs 20, if an attribute such as the font or a color is not |
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2218 specified in any of the above ways, the frame's own font or color is |
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2219 used. In newer Emacs versions, this cannot happen, because the |
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2220 @code{default} face specifies all attributes---in fact, the frame's own |
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2221 font and colors are synonymous with those of the default face. |
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2222 |
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2223 @node Font Selection |
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2224 @subsection Font Selection |
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2225 |
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2226 @dfn{Selecting a font} means mapping the specified face attributes for |
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2227 a character to a font that is available on a particular display. The |
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2228 face attributes, as determined by face merging, specify most of the |
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2229 font choice, but not all. Part of the choice depends on what character |
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2230 it is. |
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2231 |
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2232 If the face specifies a fontset name, that fontset determines a |
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2233 pattern for fonts of the given charset. If the face specifies a font |
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2234 family, a font pattern is constructed. |
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2235 |
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2236 Emacs tries to find an available font for the given face attributes |
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2237 and character's registry and encoding. If there is a font that matches |
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2238 exactly, it is used, of course. The hard case is when no available font |
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2239 exactly fits the specification. Then Emacs looks for one that is |
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2240 ``close''---one attribute at a time. You can specify the order to |
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2241 consider the attributes. In the case where a specified font family is |
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2242 not available, you can specify a set of mappings for alternatives to |
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2243 try. |
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2244 |
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2245 @defvar face-font-selection-order |
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2246 @tindex face-font-selection-order |
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2247 This variable specifies the order of importance of the face attributes |
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2248 @code{:width}, @code{:height}, @code{:weight}, and @code{:slant}. The |
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2249 value should be a list containing those four symbols, in order of |
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2250 decreasing importance. |
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2251 |
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2252 Font selection first finds the best available matches for the first |
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2253 attribute listed; then, among the fonts which are best in that way, it |
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2254 searches for the best matches in the second attribute, and so on. |
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2255 |
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2256 The attributes @code{:weight} and @code{:width} have symbolic values in |
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2257 a range centered around @code{normal}. Matches that are more extreme |
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2258 (farther from @code{normal}) are somewhat preferred to matches that are |
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2259 less extreme (closer to @code{normal}); this is designed to ensure that |
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2260 non-normal faces contrast with normal ones, whenever possible. |
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2261 |
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2262 The default is @code{(:width :height :weight :slant)}, which means first |
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2263 find the fonts closest to the specified @code{:width}, then---among the |
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2264 fonts with that width---find a best match for the specified font height, |
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2265 and so on. |
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2266 |
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2267 One example of a case where this variable makes a difference is when the |
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2268 default font has no italic equivalent. With the default ordering, the |
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2269 @code{italic} face will use a non-italic font that is similar to the |
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2270 default one. But if you put @code{:slant} before @code{:height}, the |
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2271 @code{italic} face will use an italic font, even if its height is not |
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2272 quite right. |
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2273 @end defvar |
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2274 |
33373 | 2275 @defvar face-font-family-alternatives |
2276 @tindex face-font-family-alternatives | |
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2277 This variable lets you specify alternative font families to try, if a |
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2278 given family is specified and doesn't exist. Each element should have |
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2279 this form: |
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2280 |
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2281 @example |
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2282 (@var{family} @var{alternate-families}@dots{}) |
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2283 @end example |
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2284 |
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2285 If @var{family} is specified but not available, Emacs will try the other |
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2286 families given in @var{alternate-families}, one by one, until it finds a |
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2287 family that does exist. |
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2288 @end defvar |
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2289 |
33373 | 2290 @defvar face-font-registry-alternatives |
2291 @tindex face-font-registry-alternatives | |
2292 This variable lets you specify alternative font registries to try, if a | |
2293 given registry is specified and doesn't exist. Each element should have | |
2294 this form: | |
2295 | |
2296 @example | |
2297 (@var{registry} @var{alternate-registries}@dots{}) | |
2298 @end example | |
2299 | |
2300 If @var{registry} is specified but not available, Emacs will try the | |
2301 other registries given in @var{alternate-registries}, one by one, | |
2302 until it finds a registry that does exist. | |
2303 @end defvar | |
2304 | |
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2305 Emacs can make use of scalable fonts, but by default it does not use |
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2306 them, since the use of too many or too big scalable fonts can crash |
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2307 XFree86 servers. |
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2308 |
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2309 @defvar scalable-fonts-allowed |
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2310 @tindex scalable-fonts-allowed |
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2311 This variable controls which scalable fonts to use. A value of |
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2312 @code{nil}, the default, means do not use scalable fonts. @code{t} |
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2313 means to use any scalable font that seems appropriate for the text. |
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2314 |
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2315 Otherwise, the value must be a list of regular expressions. Then a |
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2316 scalable font is enabled for use if its name matches any regular |
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2317 expression in the list. For example, |
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2318 |
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2319 @example |
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2320 (setq scalable-fonts-allowed '("muleindian-2$")) |
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2321 @end example |
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2322 |
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2323 @noindent |
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2324 allows the use of scalable fonts with registry @code{muleindian-2}. |
26698
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2325 @end defvar |
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2326 |
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2327 @defun clear-face-cache &optional unload-p |
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2328 @tindex clear-face-cache |
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2329 This function clears the face cache for all frames. |
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2330 If @var{unload-p} is non-@code{nil}, that means to unload |
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2331 all unused fonts as well. |
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2332 @end defun |
6598 | 2333 |
52002
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2334 @defvar face-font-rescale-alist |
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2335 This variable specifies scaling for certain faces. Its value should |
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2336 be a list of elements of the form |
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2337 |
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2338 @example |
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2339 (@var{fontname-regexp} . @var{scale-factor}) |
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2340 @end example |
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2341 |
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2342 If @var{fontname-regexp} matches the font name that is about to be |
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2343 used, this says to choose a larger similar font according to the |
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2344 factor @var{scale-factor}. You would use this feature to normalize |
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2345 the font size if certain fonts are bigger or smaller than their |
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2346 nominal heights and widths would suggest. |
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2347 @end defvar |
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2348 |
6598 | 2349 @node Face Functions |
2350 @subsection Functions for Working with Faces | |
2351 | |
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2352 Here are additional functions for creating and working with faces. |
6598 | 2353 |
2354 @defun make-face name | |
2355 This function defines a new face named @var{name}, initially with all | |
2356 attributes @code{nil}. It does nothing if there is already a face named | |
2357 @var{name}. | |
2358 @end defun | |
2359 | |
2360 @defun face-list | |
2361 This function returns a list of all defined face names. | |
2362 @end defun | |
2363 | |
2364 @defun copy-face old-face new-name &optional frame new-frame | |
2365 This function defines the face @var{new-name} as a copy of the existing | |
2366 face named @var{old-face}. It creates the face @var{new-name} if that | |
2367 doesn't already exist. | |
2368 | |
2369 If the optional argument @var{frame} is given, this function applies | |
2370 only to that frame. Otherwise it applies to each frame individually, | |
2371 copying attributes from @var{old-face} in each frame to @var{new-face} | |
2372 in the same frame. | |
2373 | |
2374 If the optional argument @var{new-frame} is given, then @code{copy-face} | |
2375 copies the attributes of @var{old-face} in @var{frame} to @var{new-name} | |
2376 in @var{new-frame}. | |
2377 @end defun | |
2378 | |
12098 | 2379 @defun face-id face |
21682
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2380 This function returns the face number of face @var{face}. |
6598 | 2381 @end defun |
2382 | |
22138
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2383 @defun face-documentation face |
21007
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2384 This function returns the documentation string of face @var{face}, or |
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2385 @code{nil} if none was specified for it. |
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2386 @end defun |
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2387 |
6598 | 2388 @defun face-equal face1 face2 &optional frame |
2389 This returns @code{t} if the faces @var{face1} and @var{face2} have the | |
2390 same attributes for display. | |
2391 @end defun | |
2392 | |
2393 @defun face-differs-from-default-p face &optional frame | |
55899
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2394 This returns non-@code{nil} if the face @var{face} displays |
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2395 differently from the default face. |
22252
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2396 @end defun |
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2397 |
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2398 @node Auto Faces |
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2399 @subsection Automatic Face Assignment |
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2400 @cindex automatic face assignment |
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2401 @cindex faces, automatic choice |
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2402 |
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2403 @cindex Font-Lock mode |
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2404 Starting with Emacs 21, a hook is available for automatically |
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2405 assigning faces to text in the buffer. This hook is used for part of |
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2406 the implementation of Font-Lock mode. |
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2407 |
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2408 @tindex fontification-functions |
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2409 @defvar fontification-functions |
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2410 This variable holds a list of functions that are called by Emacs |
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2411 redisplay as needed to assign faces automatically to text in the buffer. |
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2412 |
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2413 The functions are called in the order listed, with one argument, a |
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2414 buffer position @var{pos}. Each function should attempt to assign faces |
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2415 to the text in the current buffer starting at @var{pos}. |
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2416 |
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2417 Each function should record the faces they assign by setting the |
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2418 @code{face} property. It should also add a non-@code{nil} |
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2419 @code{fontified} property for all the text it has assigned faces to. |
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2420 That property tells redisplay that faces have been assigned to that text |
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2421 already. |
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2422 |
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2423 It is probably a good idea for each function to do nothing if the |
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2424 character after @var{pos} already has a non-@code{nil} @code{fontified} |
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2425 property, but this is not required. If one function overrides the |
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2426 assignments made by a previous one, the properties as they are |
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2427 after the last function finishes are the ones that really matter. |
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2428 |
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2429 For efficiency, we recommend writing these functions so that they |
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2430 usually assign faces to around 400 to 600 characters at each call. |
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2431 @end defvar |
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2432 |
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2433 @node Font Lookup |
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2434 @subsection Looking Up Fonts |
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2435 |
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2436 @defun x-list-fonts pattern &optional face frame maximum |
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2437 This function returns a list of available font names that match |
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2438 @var{pattern}. If the optional arguments @var{face} and @var{frame} are |
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2439 specified, then the list is limited to fonts that are the same size as |
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2440 @var{face} currently is on @var{frame}. |
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2441 |
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2442 The argument @var{pattern} should be a string, perhaps with wildcard |
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2443 characters: the @samp{*} character matches any substring, and the |
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2444 @samp{?} character matches any single character. Pattern matching |
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2445 of font names ignores case. |
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2446 |
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2447 If you specify @var{face} and @var{frame}, @var{face} should be a face name |
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2448 (a symbol) and @var{frame} should be a frame. |
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2449 |
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2450 The optional argument @var{maximum} sets a limit on how many fonts to |
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2451 return. If this is non-@code{nil}, then the return value is truncated |
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2452 after the first @var{maximum} matching fonts. Specifying a small value |
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2453 for @var{maximum} can make this function much faster, in cases where |
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2454 many fonts match the pattern. |
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2455 @end defun |
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2456 |
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2457 These additional functions are available starting in Emacs 21. |
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2458 |
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2459 @defun x-family-fonts &optional family frame |
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2460 @tindex x-family-fonts |
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2461 This function returns a list describing the available fonts for family |
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2462 @var{family} on @var{frame}. If @var{family} is omitted or @code{nil}, |
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2463 this list applies to all families, and therefore, it contains all |
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2464 available fonts. Otherwise, @var{family} must be a string; it may |
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2465 contain the wildcards @samp{?} and @samp{*}. |
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2466 |
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2467 The list describes the display that @var{frame} is on; if @var{frame} is |
39404
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2468 omitted or @code{nil}, it applies to the selected frame's display |
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2469 (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
25751
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2470 |
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2471 The list contains a vector of the following form for each font: |
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2472 |
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2473 @example |
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2474 [@var{family} @var{width} @var{point-size} @var{weight} @var{slant} |
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2475 @var{fixed-p} @var{full} @var{registry-and-encoding}] |
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2476 @end example |
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2477 |
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2478 The first five elements correspond to face attributes; if you |
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|
2479 specify these attributes for a face, it will use this font. |
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2480 |
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2481 The last three elements give additional information about the font. |
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|
2482 @var{fixed-p} is non-@code{nil} if the font is fixed-pitch. |
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2483 @var{full} is the full name of the font, and |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
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|
2484 @var{registry-and-encoding} is a string giving the registry and |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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parents:
51000
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|
2485 encoding of the font. |
25751
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2486 |
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2487 The result list is sorted according to the current face font sort order. |
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2488 @end defun |
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2489 |
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2490 @defun x-font-family-list &optional frame |
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2491 @tindex x-font-family-list |
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2492 This function returns a list of the font families available for |
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|
2493 @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} is omitted or @code{nil}, it |
39404
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2494 describes the selected frame's display (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
25751
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2495 |
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2496 The value is a list of elements of this form: |
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2497 |
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|
2498 @example |
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2499 (@var{family} . @var{fixed-p}) |
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|
2500 @end example |
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2501 |
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2502 @noindent |
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2503 Here @var{family} is a font family, and @var{fixed-p} is |
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2504 non-@code{nil} if fonts of that family are fixed-pitch. |
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2505 @end defun |
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2506 |
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2507 @defvar font-list-limit |
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2508 @tindex font-list-limit |
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2509 This variable specifies maximum number of fonts to consider in font |
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2510 matching. The function @code{x-family-fonts} will not return more than |
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2511 that many fonts, and font selection will consider only that many fonts |
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2512 when searching a matching font for face attributes. The default is |
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2513 currently 100. |
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2514 @end defvar |
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2515 |
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2516 @node Fontsets |
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2517 @subsection Fontsets |
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2518 |
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2519 A @dfn{fontset} is a list of fonts, each assigned to a range of |
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2520 character codes. An individual font cannot display the whole range of |
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2521 characters that Emacs supports, but a fontset can. Fontsets have names, |
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2522 just as fonts do, and you can use a fontset name in place of a font name |
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2523 when you specify the ``font'' for a frame or a face. Here is |
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2524 information about defining a fontset under Lisp program control. |
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|
2525 |
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2526 @defun create-fontset-from-fontset-spec fontset-spec &optional style-variant-p noerror |
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2527 This function defines a new fontset according to the specification |
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|
2528 string @var{fontset-spec}. The string should have this format: |
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|
2529 |
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|
2530 @smallexample |
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2531 @var{fontpattern}, @r{[}@var{charsetname}:@var{fontname}@r{]@dots{}} |
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2532 @end smallexample |
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|
2533 |
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|
2534 @noindent |
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2535 Whitespace characters before and after the commas are ignored. |
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|
2536 |
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2537 The first part of the string, @var{fontpattern}, should have the form of |
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2538 a standard X font name, except that the last two fields should be |
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|
2539 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}. |
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|
2540 |
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2541 The new fontset has two names, one long and one short. The long name is |
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2542 @var{fontpattern} in its entirety. The short name is |
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2543 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}. You can refer to the fontset by either |
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2544 name. If a fontset with the same name already exists, an error is |
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2545 signaled, unless @var{noerror} is non-@code{nil}, in which case this |
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|
2546 function does nothing. |
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|
2547 |
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2548 If optional argument @var{style-variant-p} is non-@code{nil}, that says |
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|
2549 to create bold, italic and bold-italic variants of the fontset as well. |
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2550 These variant fontsets do not have a short name, only a long one, which |
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|
2551 is made by altering @var{fontpattern} to indicate the bold or italic |
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|
2552 status. |
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|
2553 |
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|
2554 The specification string also says which fonts to use in the fontset. |
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|
2555 See below for the details. |
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|
2556 @end defun |
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|
2557 |
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|
2558 The construct @samp{@var{charset}:@var{font}} specifies which font to |
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|
2559 use (in this fontset) for one particular character set. Here, |
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|
2560 @var{charset} is the name of a character set, and @var{font} is the font |
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|
2561 to use for that character set. You can use this construct any number of |
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|
2562 times in the specification string. |
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|
2563 |
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|
2564 For the remaining character sets, those that you don't specify |
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|
2565 explicitly, Emacs chooses a font based on @var{fontpattern}: it replaces |
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|
2566 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} with a value that names one character set. |
52978
1a5c50faf357
Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52940
diff
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|
2567 For the @acronym{ASCII} character set, @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} is replaced |
25751
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|
2568 with @samp{ISO8859-1}. |
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|
2569 |
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|
2570 In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs |
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|
2571 collapses them into a single wildcard. This is to prevent use of |
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2572 auto-scaled fonts. Fonts made by scaling larger fonts are not usable |
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|
2573 for editing, and scaling a smaller font is not useful because it is |
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|
2574 better to use the smaller font in its own size, which Emacs does. |
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|
2575 |
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|
2576 Thus if @var{fontpattern} is this, |
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|
2577 |
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|
2578 @example |
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|
2579 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24 |
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|
2580 @end example |
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|
2581 |
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|
2582 @noindent |
52978
1a5c50faf357
Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
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|
2583 the font specification for @acronym{ASCII} characters would be this: |
25751
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|
2584 |
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|
2585 @example |
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|
2586 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1 |
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|
2587 @end example |
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|
2588 |
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|
2589 @noindent |
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|
2590 and the font specification for Chinese GB2312 characters would be this: |
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|
2591 |
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|
2592 @example |
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|
2593 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-* |
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|
2594 @end example |
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|
2595 |
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|
2596 You may not have any Chinese font matching the above font |
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|
2597 specification. Most X distributions include only Chinese fonts that |
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|
2598 have @samp{song ti} or @samp{fangsong ti} in the @var{family} field. In |
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|
2599 such a case, @samp{Fontset-@var{n}} can be specified as below: |
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|
2600 |
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|
2601 @smallexample |
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|
2602 Emacs.Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24,\ |
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2603 chinese-gb2312:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-* |
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2604 @end smallexample |
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2605 |
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2606 @noindent |
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|
2607 Then, the font specifications for all but Chinese GB2312 characters have |
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|
2608 @samp{fixed} in the @var{family} field, and the font specification for |
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|
2609 Chinese GB2312 characters has a wild card @samp{*} in the @var{family} |
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|
2610 field. |
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|
2611 |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2612 @defun set-fontset-font name character fontname &optional frame |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2613 This function modifies the existing fontset @var{name} to |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2614 use the font name @var{fontname} for the character @var{character}. |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2615 |
52940
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2616 If @var{name} is @code{nil}, this function modifies the default |
54023 | 2617 fontset, whose short name is @samp{fontset-default}. |
52940
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2618 |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2619 @var{character} may be a cons; @code{(@var{from} . @var{to})}, where |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2620 @var{from} and @var{to} are non-generic characters. In that case, use |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2621 @var{fontname} for all characters in the range @var{from} and @var{to} |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2622 (inclusive). |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2623 |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2624 @var{character} may be a charset. In that case, use |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2625 @var{fontname} for all character in the charsets. |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2626 |
52940
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2627 @var{fontname} may be a cons; @code{(@var{family} . @var{registry})}, |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2628 where @var{family} is a family name of a font (possibly including a |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2629 foundry name at the head), @var{registry} is a registry name of a font |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2630 (possibly including an encoding name at the tail). |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2631 |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2632 For instance, this changes the default fontset to use a font of which |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2633 registry name is @samp{JISX0208.1983} for all characters belonging to |
cac3cb68235c
(Fontsets): Fix texinfo usage.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52932
diff
changeset
|
2634 the charset @code{japanese-jisx0208}. |
52932
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2635 |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2636 @example |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2637 (set-fontset-font nil 'japanese-jisx0208 '(nil . "JISX0208.1983")) |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2638 @end example |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2639 |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2640 @end defun |
eb3f1895daff
(Fontsets): Add description of the function set-fontset-font.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
52923
diff
changeset
|
2641 |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2642 @defun char-displayable-p char |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2643 This function returns @code{t} if Emacs ought to be able to display |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2644 @var{char}. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has a |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2645 font to display the character set that @var{char} belongs to. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2646 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2647 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2648 does that, this function's value may not be accurate. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2649 @end defun |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2650 |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2651 @node Fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2652 @section Fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2653 @cindex Fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2654 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2655 The @dfn{fringes} of a window are thin vertical strips down the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2656 sides that are used for displaying bitmaps that indicate truncation, |
54023 | 2657 continuation, horizontal scrolling, and the overlay arrow. The |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2658 fringes normally appear between the display margins and the window |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2659 text, but you can put them outside the display margins for a specific |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2660 buffer by setting @code{fringes-outside-margins} buffer-locally to a |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2661 non-@code{nil} value. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2662 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2663 @defvar fringes-outside-margins |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2664 If the value is non-@code{nil}, the frames appear outside |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2665 the display margins. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2666 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2667 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2668 @defvar left-fringe-width |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2669 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the width of the left |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2670 fringe in pixels. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2671 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2672 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2673 @defvar right-fringe-width |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2674 This variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies the width of the right |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2675 fringe in pixels. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2676 @end defvar |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2677 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2678 The values of these variables take effect when you display the |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2679 buffer in a window. If you change them while the buffer is visible, |
54023 | 2680 you can call @code{set-window-buffer} to display it once again in the |
2681 same window, to make the changes take effect. | |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2682 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2683 @defun set-window-fringes window left &optional right outside-margins |
54023 | 2684 This function sets the fringe widths of window @var{window}. |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2685 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2686 |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2687 The argument @var{left} specifies the width in pixels of the left |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2688 fringe, and likewise @var{right} for the right fringe. A value of |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2689 @code{nil} for either one stands for the default width. If |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2690 @var{outside-margins} is non-@code{nil}, that specifies that fringes |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2691 should appear outside of the display margins. |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2692 @end defun |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2693 |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2694 @defun window-fringes &optional window |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2695 This function returns information about the fringes of a window |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2696 @var{window}. If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, the selected |
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2697 window is used. The value has the form @code{(@var{left-width} |
52156
198af82c7606
(Warning Basics): Fix typo.
John Paul Wallington <jpw@pobox.com>
parents:
52141
diff
changeset
|
2698 @var{right-width} @var{frames-outside-margins})}. |
52141
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2699 @end defun |
a5d4d0a7b284
(Warnings): New node, and subnodes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52002
diff
changeset
|
2700 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2701 @defvar overflow-newline-into-fringe |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2702 If this is non-@code{nil}, lines exactly as wide as the window (not |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2703 counting the final newline character) are not continued. Instead, |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2704 when point is at the end of the line, the cursor appears in the right |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2705 fringe. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2706 @end defvar |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2707 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2708 @node Fringe Bitmaps |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2709 @section Fringe Bitmaps |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2710 @cindex fringe bitmaps |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2711 @cindex bitmaps, fringe |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2712 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2713 The @dfn{fringe bitmaps} are tiny icons Emacs displays in the window |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2714 fringe (on a graphic display) to indicate truncated or continued |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2715 lines, buffer boundaries, overlay arrow, etc. The fringe bitmaps are |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2716 shared by all frames and windows. You can redefine the built-in |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2717 fringe bitmaps, and you can define new fringe bitmaps. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2718 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2719 The way to display a bitmap in the left or right fringes for a given |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2720 line in a window is by specifying the @code{display} property for one |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2721 of the characters that appears in it. Use a display specification of |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2722 the form @code{(left-fringe @var{bitmap} [@var{face}])} or |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2723 @code{(right-fringe @var{bitmap} [@var{face}])} (@pxref{Display |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2724 Property}). Here, @var{bitmap} is a symbol identifying the bitmap |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2725 you want, and @var{face} (which is optional) is the name of the face |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2726 whose colors should be used for displaying the bitmap. |
18bdf278f148
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diff
changeset
|
2727 |
18bdf278f148
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|
2728 These are the symbols identify the standard fringe bitmaps. |
57274
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|
2729 Evaluate @code{(require 'fringe)} to define them. Fringe bitmap |
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diff
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|
2730 symbols have their own name space. |
57221
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|
2731 |
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(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
changeset
|
2732 @table @asis |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
changeset
|
2733 @item Truncation and continuation line bitmaps: |
57274
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(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2734 @code{left-truncation}, @code{right-truncation}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2735 @code{continued-line}, @code{continuation-line}. |
57193
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|
2736 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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|
2737 @item Buffer indication bitmaps: |
57274
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(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2738 @code{up-arrow}, @code{down-arrow}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2739 @code{top-left-angle}, @code{top-right-angle}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2740 @code{bottom-left-angle}, @code{bottom-right-angle}, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2741 @code{left-bracket}, @code{right-bracket}. |
57193
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(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
2742 |
57221
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(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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|
2743 @item Empty line indication bitmap: |
57274
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|
2744 @code{empty-line}. |
57193
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|
2745 |
57221
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|
2746 @item Overlay arrow bitmap: |
57274
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|
2747 @code{overlay-arrow}. |
57193
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changeset
|
2748 |
57221
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|
2749 @item Bitmaps for displaying the cursor in right fringe: |
57274
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|
2750 @code{filled-box-cursor}, @code{hollow-box-cursor}, @code{hollow-square}, |
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|
2751 @code{bar-cursor}, @code{hbar-cursor}. |
57221
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|
2752 @end table |
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|
2753 |
18bdf278f148
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|
2754 @defun fringe-bitmaps-at-pos &optional pos window |
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|
2755 This function returns the fringe bitmaps of the display line |
18bdf278f148
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|
2756 containing position @var{pos} in window @var{window}. The return |
57331
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(Fringe Bitmaps): Update fringe-bitmaps-at-pos.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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57274
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|
2757 value has the form @code{(@var{left} @var{right} @var{ov})}, where @var{left} |
57274
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(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
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|
2758 is the symbol for the fringe bitmap in the left fringe (or @code{nil} |
57331
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(Fringe Bitmaps): Update fringe-bitmaps-at-pos.
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changeset
|
2759 if no bitmap), @var{right} is similar for the right fringe, and @var{ov} |
c02ec4a1158e
(Fringe Bitmaps): Update fringe-bitmaps-at-pos.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2760 is non-@code{nil} if there is an overlay arrow in the left fringe. |
57221
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|
2761 |
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|
2762 The value is @code{nil} if @var{pos} is not visible in @var{window}. |
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parents:
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|
2763 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, that stands for the selected window. |
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|
2764 If @var{pos} is @code{nil}, that stands for the value of point in |
18bdf278f148
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2765 @var{window}. |
18bdf278f148
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diff
changeset
|
2766 @end defun |
18bdf278f148
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changeset
|
2767 |
18bdf278f148
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changeset
|
2768 @node Customizing Bitmaps |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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|
2769 @section Customizing Fringe Bitmaps |
18bdf278f148
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diff
changeset
|
2770 |
57274
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|
2771 @defun define-fringe-bitmap bitmap bits &optional height width align |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2772 This function defines the symbol @var{bitmap} as a new fringe bitmap, |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
2773 or replaces an existing bitmap with that name. |
57221
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|
2774 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
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|
2775 The argument @var{bits} specifies the image to use. It should be |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
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|
2776 either a string or a vector of integers, where each element (an |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
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|
2777 integer) corresponds to one row of the bitmap. Each bit of an integer |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
2778 corresponds to one pixel of the bitmap, where the low bit corresponds |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
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diff
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|
2779 to the rightmost pixel of the bitmap. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
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|
2780 |
18bdf278f148
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diff
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|
2781 The height is normally the length of @var{bits}. However, you |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2782 can specify a different height with non-@code{nil} @var{height}. The width |
18bdf278f148
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2783 is normally 8, but you can specify a different width with non-@code{nil} |
18bdf278f148
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diff
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|
2784 @var{width}. The width must be an integer between 1 and 16. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2785 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2786 The argument @var{align} specifies the positioning of the bitmap |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2787 relative to the range of rows where it is used; the default is to |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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diff
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|
2788 center the bitmap. The allowed values are @code{top}, @code{center}, |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2789 or @code{bottom}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2790 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2791 The @var{align} argument may also be a list @code{(@var{align} |
57225 | 2792 @var{periodic})} where @var{align} is interpreted as described above. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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57202
diff
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|
2793 If @var{periodic} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies that the rows in |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2794 @code{bits} should be repeated enough times to reach the specified |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2795 height. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2796 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2797 The return value on success is an integer identifying the new bitmap. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2798 You should save that integer in a variable so it can be used to select |
57274
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2799 this bitmap. |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57225
diff
changeset
|
2800 |
271dfa08c2d0
(Fringe Bitmaps): Use symbols rather than numbers
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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57225
diff
changeset
|
2801 This function signals an error if there are no more free bitmap slots. |
57193
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(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
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diff
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|
2802 @end defun |
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diff
changeset
|
2803 |
714a83d1ea32
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
2804 @defun destroy-fringe-bitmap bitmap |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2805 This function destroy the fringe bitmap identified by @var{bitmap}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2806 If @var{bitmap} identifies a standard fringe bitmap, it actually |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2807 restores the standard definition of that bitmap, instead of |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2808 eliminating it entirely. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
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|
2809 @end defun |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
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diff
changeset
|
2810 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
2811 @defun set-fringe-bitmap-face bitmap &optional face |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
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|
2812 This sets the face for the fringe bitmap @var{bitmap} to @var{face}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2813 If @var{face} is @code{nil}, it selects the @code{fringe} face. The |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
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|
2814 bitmap's face controls the color to draw it in. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2815 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2816 The face you use here should be derived from @code{fringe}, and should |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2817 specify only the foreground color. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
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|
2818 @end defun |
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|
2819 |
52483
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(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
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diff
changeset
|
2820 @node Scroll Bars |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
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diff
changeset
|
2821 @section Scroll Bars |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2822 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2823 Normally the frame parameter @code{vertical-scroll-bars} controls |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2824 whether the windows in the frame have vertical scroll bars. A |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2825 non-@code{nil} parameter value means they do. The frame parameter |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2826 @code{scroll-bar-width} specifies how wide they are (@code{nil} |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2827 meaning the default). @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2828 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2829 You can also control this for individual windows. Call the function |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2830 @code{set-window-scroll-bars} to specify what to do for a specific window: |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2831 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2832 @defun set-window-scroll-bars window width &optional vertical-type horizontal-type |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2833 This function sets the width and type of scroll bars for window |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2834 @var{window}. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2835 |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2836 @var{width} specifies the scroll bar width in pixels (@code{nil} means |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2837 use the width specified for the frame). @var{vertical-type} specifies |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2838 whether to have a vertical scroll bar and, if so, where. The possible |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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57202
diff
changeset
|
2839 values are @code{left}, @code{right} and @code{nil}, just like the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2840 values of the @code{vertical-scroll-bars} frame parameter. |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2841 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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52401
diff
changeset
|
2842 The argument @var{horizontal-type} is meant to specify whether and |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2843 where to have horizontal scroll bars, but since they are not |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2844 implemented, it has no effect. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2845 selected window is used. |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2846 @end defun |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2847 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2848 @defun window-scroll-bars &optional window |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2849 Report the width and type of scroll bars specified for @var{window}. |
53929
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2850 If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
3ef7a4a3c230
(Fringes): Use consistent wording.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
53829
diff
changeset
|
2851 The value is a list of the form @code{(@var{width} |
52483
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2852 @var{cols} @var{vertical-type} @var{horizontal-type})}. The value |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2853 @var{width} is the value that was specified for the width (which may |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2854 be @code{nil}); @var{cols} is the number of columns that the scroll |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2855 bar actually occupies. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2856 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2857 @var{horizontal-type} is not actually meaningful. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2858 @end defun |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2859 |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2860 If you don't specify these values for a window with |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2861 @code{set-window-scroll-bars}, the buffer-local variables |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2862 @code{scroll-bar-mode} and @code{scroll-bar-width} in the buffer being |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2863 displayed control the window's vertical scroll bars. The function |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2864 @code{set-window-buffer} examines these variables. If you change them |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2865 in a buffer that is already visible in a window, you can make the |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2866 window take note of the new values by calling @code{set-window-buffer} |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2867 specifying the same buffer that is already displayed. |
3bbb565fa7ac
(Fontsets): Add char-displayable-p.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2868 |
58496
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2869 @defvar scroll-bar-mode |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2870 This variable, always local in all buffers, controls whether and where |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2871 to put scroll bars in windows displaying the buffer. The possible values |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2872 are @code{nil} for no scroll bar, @code{left} to put a scroll bar on |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2873 the left, and @code{right} to put a scroll bar on the right. |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2874 @end defvar |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2875 |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2876 @defvar scroll-bar-width |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2877 This variable, always local in all buffers, specifies the width of the |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2878 buffer's scroll bars, measured in pixels. A value of @code{nil} means |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2879 to use the value specified by the frame. |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2880 @end defvar |
c6040c1274b7
(Customizing Bitmaps): Move indicate-buffer-boundaries
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
58371
diff
changeset
|
2881 |
57201
2950fcfcfa44
Correct various typos.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
57193
diff
changeset
|
2882 @node Pointer Shape |
2950fcfcfa44
Correct various typos.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
57193
diff
changeset
|
2883 @section Pointer Shape |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2884 |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2885 Normally, the mouse pointer has the @code{text} shape over text and |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2886 the @code{arrow} shape over window areas which do not correspond to |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2887 any buffer text. You can specify the mouse pointer shape over text or |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2888 images via the @code{pointer} text property, and for images with the |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2889 @code{:pointer} and @code{:map} image properties. |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2890 |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2891 The available pointer shapes are: @code{text} (or @code{nil}), |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2892 @code{arrow}, @code{hand}, @code{vdrag}, @code{hdrag}, |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2893 @code{modeline}, and @code{hourglass}. |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2894 |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2895 @defvar void-text-area-pointer |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2896 @tindex void-text-area-pointer |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2897 This variable specifies the mouse pointer shape in void text areas, |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2898 i.e. the areas after the end of a line or below the last line in the |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2899 buffer. The default is to use the @code{arrow} (non-text) pointer. |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2900 @end defvar |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2901 |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2902 @node Display Property |
467b88fab665
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2903 @section The @code{display} Property |
467b88fab665
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2904 @cindex display specification |
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2905 @kindex display @r{(text property)} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2906 |
25875 | 2907 The @code{display} text property (or overlay property) is used to |
2908 insert images into text, and also control other aspects of how text | |
2909 displays. These features are available starting in Emacs 21. The value | |
2910 of the @code{display} property should be a display specification, or a | |
2911 list or vector containing several display specifications. The rest of | |
2912 this section describes several kinds of display specifications and what | |
2913 they mean. | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2914 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2915 @menu |
53467
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
53422
diff
changeset
|
2916 * Specified Space:: Displaying one space with a specified width. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2917 * Pixel Specification:: Specifying space width or height in pixels. |
53467
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
53422
diff
changeset
|
2918 * Other Display Specs:: Displaying an image; magnifying text; moving it |
49600
23a1cea22d13
Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
48948
diff
changeset
|
2919 up or down on the page; adjusting the width |
25875 | 2920 of spaces within text. |
2921 * Display Margins:: Displaying text or images to the side of the main text. | |
53467
a18219fcd84d
Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
53422
diff
changeset
|
2922 * Conditional Display:: Making any of the above features conditional |
25875 | 2923 depending on some Lisp expression. |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2924 @end menu |
467b88fab665
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2925 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2926 @node Specified Space |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2927 @subsection Specified Spaces |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2928 @cindex spaces, specified height or width |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2929 @cindex specified spaces |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2930 @cindex variable-width spaces |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2931 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2932 To display a space of specified width and/or height, use a display |
25875 | 2933 specification of the form @code{(space . @var{props})}, where |
2934 @var{props} is a property list (a list of alternating properties and | |
2935 values). You can put this property on one or more consecutive | |
2936 characters; a space of the specified height and width is displayed in | |
2937 place of @emph{all} of those characters. These are the properties you | |
44281 | 2938 can use in @var{props} to specify the weight of the space: |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2939 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2940 @table @code |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2941 @item :width @var{width} |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2942 If @var{width} is an integer or floating point number, it specifies |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2943 that the space width should be @var{width} times the normal character |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2944 width. @var{width} can also be a @dfn{pixel width} specification |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2945 (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2946 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2947 @item :relative-width @var{factor} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2948 Specifies that the width of the stretch should be computed from the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2949 first character in the group of consecutive characters that have the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2950 same @code{display} property. The space width is the width of that |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2951 character, multiplied by @var{factor}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2952 |
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2953 @item :align-to @var{hpos} |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2954 Specifies that the space should be wide enough to reach @var{hpos}. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2955 If @var{hpos} is a number, it is measured in units of the normal |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2956 character width. @var{hpos} can also be a @dfn{pixel width} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2957 specification (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2958 @end table |
467b88fab665
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diff
changeset
|
2959 |
44281 | 2960 You should use one and only one of the above properties. You can |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
2961 also specify the height of the space, with these properties: |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2962 |
467b88fab665
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2963 @table @code |
467b88fab665
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changeset
|
2964 @item :height @var{height} |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2965 Specifies the height of the space. |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2966 If @var{height} is an integer or floating point number, it specifies |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2967 that the space height should be @var{height} times the normal character |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2968 height. The @var{height} may also be a @dfn{pixel height} specification |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
2969 (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
2970 |
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changeset
|
2971 @item :relative-height @var{factor} |
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2972 Specifies the height of the space, multiplying the ordinary height |
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|
2973 of the text having this display specification by @var{factor}. |
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|
2974 |
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|
2975 @item :ascent @var{ascent} |
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2976 If the value of @var{ascent} is a non-negative number no greater than |
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|
2977 100, it specifies that @var{ascent} percent of the height of the space |
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|
2978 should be considered as the ascent of the space---that is, the part |
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|
2979 above the baseline. The ascent may also be specified in pixel units |
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|
2980 with a @dfn{pixel ascent} specification (@pxref{Pixel Specification}). |
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|
2981 |
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|
2982 @end table |
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2983 |
44281 | 2984 Don't use both @code{:height} and @code{:relative-height} together. |
25751
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|
2985 |
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|
2986 The @code{:height} and @code{:align-to} properties are supported on |
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|
2987 non-graphic terminals, but the other space properties in this section |
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|
2988 are not. |
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|
2989 |
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|
2990 @node Pixel Specification |
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|
2991 @subsection Pixel Specification for Spaces |
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2992 @cindex spaces, pixel specification |
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|
2993 |
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2994 The value of the @code{:width}, @code{:align-to}, @code{:height}, |
57221
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|
2995 and @code{:ascent} properties can be a special kind of expression that |
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|
2996 is evaluated during redisplay. The result of the evaluation is used |
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|
2997 as an absolute number of pixels. |
57193
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2998 |
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2999 The following expressions are supported: |
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3000 |
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|
3001 @example |
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|
3002 @group |
57274
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3003 @var{expr} ::= @var{num} | (@var{num}) | @var{unit} | @var{elem} | @var{pos} | @var{image} | @var{form} |
57221
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3004 @var{num} ::= @var{integer} | @var{float} | @var{symbol} |
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3005 @var{unit} ::= in | mm | cm | width | height |
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3006 @var{elem} ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin |
57193
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|
3007 | scroll-bar | text |
57221
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3008 @var{pos} ::= left | center | right |
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3009 @var{form} ::= (@var{num} . @var{expr}) | (@var{op} @var{expr} ...) |
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3010 @var{op} ::= + | - |
57193
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3011 @end group |
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|
3012 @end example |
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|
3013 |
57221
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|
3014 The form @var{num} specifies a fraction of the default frame font |
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|
3015 height or width. The form @code{(@var{num})} specifies an absolute |
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3016 number of pixels. If @var{num} is a symbol, @var{symbol}, its |
57193
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|
3017 buffer-local variable binding is used. |
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|
3018 |
57221
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|
3019 The @code{in}, @code{mm}, and @code{cm} units specify the number of |
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|
3020 pixels per inch, millimeter, and centimeter, respectively. The |
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|
3021 @code{width} and @code{height} units correspond to the default width |
57274
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|
3022 and height of the current face. An image specification @code{image} |
57193
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|
3023 corresponds to the width or height of the image. |
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|
3024 |
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|
3025 The @code{left-fringe}, @code{right-fringe}, @code{left-margin}, |
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|
3026 @code{right-margin}, @code{scroll-bar}, and @code{text} elements |
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|
3027 specify to the width of the corresponding area of the window. |
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|
3028 |
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|
3029 The @code{left}, @code{center}, and @code{right} positions can be |
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|
3030 used with @code{:align-to} to specify a position relative to the left |
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|
3031 edge, center, or right edge of the text area. |
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|
3032 |
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|
3033 Any of the above window elements (except @code{text}) can also be |
57193
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|
3034 used with @code{:align-to} to specify that the position is relative to |
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|
3035 the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for a relative |
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|
3036 position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of these |
57225 | 3037 symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as the |
57193
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|
3038 width of the specified area. For example, to align to the center of |
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|
3039 the left-margin, use |
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|
3040 |
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|
3041 @example |
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|
3042 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin)) |
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|
3043 @end example |
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|
3044 |
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|
3045 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative |
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|
3046 to the left edge of the text area. For example, @samp{:align-to 0} in a |
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|
3047 header-line aligns with the first text column in the text area. |
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|
3048 |
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|
3049 A value of the form @code{(@var{num} . @var{expr})} stands |
18bdf278f148
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changeset
|
3050 multiplying the values of @var{num} and @var{expr}. For example, |
18bdf278f148
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changeset
|
3051 @code{(2 . in)} specifies a width of 2 inches, while @code{(0.5 . |
57274
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|
3052 @var{image})} specifies half the width (or height) of the specified image. |
57221
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|
3053 |
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changeset
|
3054 The form @code{(+ @var{expr} ...)} adds up the value of the |
18bdf278f148
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|
3055 expressions. The form @code{(- @var{expr} ...)} negates or subtracts |
57193
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|
3056 the value of the expressions. |
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|
3057 |
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|
3058 @node Other Display Specs |
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|
3059 @subsection Other Display Specifications |
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|
3060 |
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changeset
|
3061 Here are the other sorts of display specifications that you can use |
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|
3062 in the @code{display} text property. |
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|
3063 |
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|
3064 @table @code |
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|
3065 @item (image . @var{image-props}) |
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|
3066 This is in fact an image descriptor (@pxref{Images}). When used as a |
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|
3067 display specification, it means to display the image instead of the text |
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|
3068 that has the display specification. |
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|
3069 |
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|
3070 @item (slice @var{x} @var{y} @var{width} @var{height}) |
57221
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|
3071 This specification together with @code{image} specifies a @dfn{slice} |
18bdf278f148
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|
3072 (a partial area) of the image to display. The elements @var{y} and |
18bdf278f148
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|
3073 @var{x} specify the top left corner of the slice, within the image; |
18bdf278f148
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|
3074 @var{width} and @var{height} specify the width and height of the |
18bdf278f148
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|
3075 slice. Integer values are numbers of pixels. A floating point number |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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|
3076 in the range 0.0--1.0 stands for that fraction of the width or height |
18bdf278f148
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|
3077 of the entire image. |
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|
3078 |
32467 | 3079 @item ((margin nil) @var{string}) |
3080 @itemx @var{string} | |
3081 A display specification of this form means to display @var{string} | |
3082 instead of the text that has the display specification, at the same | |
3083 position as that text. This is a special case of marginal display | |
3084 (@pxref{Display Margins}). | |
3085 | |
44281 | 3086 Recursive display specifications are not supported---string display |
3087 specifications must not have @code{display} properties themselves. | |
36935 | 3088 |
25751
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|
3089 @item (space-width @var{factor}) |
25875 | 3090 This display specification affects all the space characters within the |
3091 text that has the specification. It displays all of these spaces | |
3092 @var{factor} times as wide as normal. The element @var{factor} should | |
3093 be an integer or float. Characters other than spaces are not affected | |
3094 at all; in particular, this has no effect on tab characters. | |
25751
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|
3095 |
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|
3096 @item (height @var{height}) |
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diff
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|
3097 This display specification makes the text taller or shorter. |
467b88fab665
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changeset
|
3098 Here are the possibilities for @var{height}: |
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|
3099 |
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3100 @table @asis |
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3101 @item @code{(+ @var{n})} |
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3102 This means to use a font that is @var{n} steps larger. A ``step'' is |
25875 | 3103 defined by the set of available fonts---specifically, those that match |
3104 what was otherwise specified for this text, in all attributes except | |
3105 height. Each size for which a suitable font is available counts as | |
3106 another step. @var{n} should be an integer. | |
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3107 |
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3108 @item @code{(- @var{n})} |
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3109 This means to use a font that is @var{n} steps smaller. |
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3110 |
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3111 @item a number, @var{factor} |
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3112 A number, @var{factor}, means to use a font that is @var{factor} times |
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3113 as tall as the default font. |
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3114 |
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3115 @item a symbol, @var{function} |
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3116 A symbol is a function to compute the height. It is called with the |
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3117 current height as argument, and should return the new height to use. |
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3118 |
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3119 @item anything else, @var{form} |
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3120 If the @var{height} value doesn't fit the previous possibilities, it is |
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3121 a form. Emacs evaluates it to get the new height, with the symbol |
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3122 @code{height} bound to the current specified font height. |
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3123 @end table |
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3124 |
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3125 @item (raise @var{factor}) |
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3126 This kind of display specification raises or lowers the text |
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3127 it applies to, relative to the baseline of the line. |
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3128 |
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3129 @var{factor} must be a number, which is interpreted as a multiple of the |
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3130 height of the affected text. If it is positive, that means to display |
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3131 the characters raised. If it is negative, that means to display them |
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3132 lower down. |
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3133 |
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3134 If the text also has a @code{height} display specification, that does |
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3135 not affect the amount of raising or lowering, which is based on the |
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3136 faces used for the text. |
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3137 @end table |
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3138 |
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3139 @node Display Margins |
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3140 @subsection Displaying in the Margins |
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3141 @cindex display margins |
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3142 @cindex margins, display |
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3143 |
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3144 A buffer can have blank areas called @dfn{display margins} on the left |
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3145 and on the right. Ordinary text never appears in these areas, but you |
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3146 can put things into the display margins using the @code{display} |
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3147 property. |
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3148 |
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3149 To put text in the left or right display margin of the window, use a |
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3150 display specification of the form @code{(margin right-margin)} or |
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3151 @code{(margin left-margin)} on it. To put an image in a display margin, |
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3152 use that display specification along with the display specification for |
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3153 the image. Unfortunately, there is currently no way to make |
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3154 text or images in the margin mouse-sensitive. |
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3155 |
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3156 If you put such a display specification directly on text in the |
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3157 buffer, the specified margin display appears @emph{instead of} that |
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3158 buffer text itself. To put something in the margin @emph{in |
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3159 association with} certain buffer text without preventing or altering |
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3160 the display of that text, put a @code{before-string} property on the |
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3161 text and put the display specification on the contents of the |
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3162 before-string. |
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3163 |
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3164 Before the display margins can display anything, you must give |
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3165 them a nonzero width. The usual way to do that is to set these |
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3166 variables: |
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3167 |
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3168 @defvar left-margin-width |
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3169 @tindex left-margin-width |
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3170 This variable specifies the width of the left margin. |
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3171 It is buffer-local in all buffers. |
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3172 @end defvar |
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3173 |
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3174 @defvar right-margin-width |
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3175 @tindex right-margin-width |
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3176 This variable specifies the width of the right margin. |
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3177 It is buffer-local in all buffers. |
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3178 @end defvar |
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3179 |
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3180 Setting these variables does not immediately affect the window. These |
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3181 variables are checked when a new buffer is displayed in the window. |
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3182 Thus, you can make changes take effect by calling |
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3183 @code{set-window-buffer}. |
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3184 |
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3185 You can also set the margin widths immediately. |
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3186 |
36935 | 3187 @defun set-window-margins window left &optional right |
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3188 @tindex set-window-margins |
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3189 This function specifies the margin widths for window @var{window}. |
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3190 The argument @var{left} controls the left margin and |
36935 | 3191 @var{right} controls the right margin (default @code{0}). |
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3192 @end defun |
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3193 |
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3194 @defun window-margins &optional window |
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3195 @tindex window-margins |
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3196 This function returns the left and right margins of @var{window} |
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3197 as a cons cell of the form @code{(@var{left} . @var{right})}. |
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3198 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used. |
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3199 @end defun |
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3200 |
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3201 @node Conditional Display |
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3202 @subsection Conditional Display Specifications |
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3203 @cindex conditional display specifications |
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3204 |
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3205 You can make any display specification conditional. To do that, |
29471 | 3206 package it in another list of the form @code{(when @var{condition} . |
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3207 @var{spec})}. Then the specification @var{spec} applies only when |
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3208 @var{condition} evaluates to a non-@code{nil} value. During the |
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3209 evaluation, @code{object} is bound to the string or buffer having the |
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3210 conditional @code{display} property. @code{position} and |
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3211 @code{buffer-position} are bound to the position within @code{object} |
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3212 and the buffer position where the @code{display} property was found, |
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3213 respectively. Both positions can be different when @code{object} is a |
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3214 string. |
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3215 |
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3216 @node Images |
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3217 @section Images |
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3218 @cindex images in buffers |
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3219 |
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3220 To display an image in an Emacs buffer, you must first create an image |
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3221 descriptor, then use it as a display specifier in the @code{display} |
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3222 property of text that is displayed (@pxref{Display Property}). Like the |
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3223 @code{display} property, this feature is available starting in Emacs 21. |
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3224 |
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3225 Emacs can display a number of different image formats; some of them |
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3226 are supported only if particular support libraries are installed on |
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3227 your machine. In some environments, Emacs allows loading image |
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3228 libraries on demand; if so, the variable @code{image-library-alist} |
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3229 can be used to modify the set of known names for these dynamic |
57225 | 3230 libraries (though it is not possible to add new image formats). |
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3231 |
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3232 The supported image formats include XBM, XPM (needing the |
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3233 libraries @code{libXpm} version 3.4k and @code{libz}), GIF (needing |
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3234 @code{libungif} 4.1.0), Postscript, PBM, JPEG (needing the |
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3235 @code{libjpeg} library version v6a), TIFF (needing @code{libtiff} v3.4), |
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3236 and PNG (needing @code{libpng} 1.0.2). |
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3237 |
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3238 You specify one of these formats with an image type symbol. The image |
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3239 type symbols are @code{xbm}, @code{xpm}, @code{gif}, @code{postscript}, |
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3240 @code{pbm}, @code{jpeg}, @code{tiff}, and @code{png}. |
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3241 |
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3242 @defvar image-types |
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3243 This variable contains a list of those image type symbols that are |
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3244 potentially supported in the current configuration. |
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3245 @emph{Potentially} here means that Emacs knows about the image types, |
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3246 not necessarily that they can be loaded (they could depend on |
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3247 unavailable dynamic libraries, for example). |
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3248 |
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3249 To know which image types are really available, use |
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3250 @code{image-type-available-p}. |
25751
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3251 @end defvar |
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3252 |
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3253 @defvar image-library-alist |
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3254 This in an alist of image types vs external libraries needed to |
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3255 display them. |
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3256 |
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3257 Each element is a list @code{(@var{image-type} @var{library}...)}, |
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3258 where the car is a supported image format from @code{image-types}, and |
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3259 the rest are strings giving alternate filenames for the corresponding |
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3260 external libraries to load. |
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3261 |
56185
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3262 Emacs tries to load the libraries in the order they appear on the |
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3263 list; if none is loaded, the running session of Emacs won't support |
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3264 the image type. @code{pbm} and @code{xbm} don't need to be listed; |
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3265 they're always supported. |
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3266 |
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3267 This variable is ignored if the image libraries are statically linked |
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3268 into Emacs. |
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3269 @end defvar |
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3270 |
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3271 @defun image-type-available-p type |
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3272 @findex image-type-available-p |
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3273 |
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3274 This function returns non-@code{nil} if image type @var{type} is |
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3275 available, i.e., if images of this type can be loaded and displayed in |
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3276 Emacs. @var{type} should be one of the types contained in |
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3277 @code{image-types}. |
56109
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3278 |
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3279 For image types whose support libraries are statically linked, this |
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3280 function always returns @code{t}; for other image types, it returns |
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3281 @code{t} if the dynamic library could be loaded, @code{nil} otherwise. |
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3282 @end defun |
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3283 |
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3284 @menu |
25875 | 3285 * Image Descriptors:: How to specify an image for use in @code{:display}. |
3286 * XBM Images:: Special features for XBM format. | |
3287 * XPM Images:: Special features for XPM format. | |
3288 * GIF Images:: Special features for GIF format. | |
3289 * Postscript Images:: Special features for Postscript format. | |
3290 * Other Image Types:: Various other formats are supported. | |
3291 * Defining Images:: Convenient ways to define an image for later use. | |
3292 * Showing Images:: Convenient ways to display an image once it is defined. | |
3293 * Image Cache:: Internal mechanisms of image display. | |
25751
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3294 @end menu |
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3295 |
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3296 @node Image Descriptors |
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3297 @subsection Image Descriptors |
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3298 @cindex image descriptor |
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3299 |
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3300 An image description is a list of the form @code{(image |
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3301 . @var{props})}, where @var{props} is a property list containing |
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3302 alternating keyword symbols (symbols whose names start with a colon) and |
26400 | 3303 their values. You can use any Lisp object as a property, but the only |
3304 properties that have any special meaning are certain symbols, all of | |
3305 them keywords. | |
3306 | |
3307 Every image descriptor must contain the property @code{:type | |
3308 @var{type}} to specify the format of the image. The value of @var{type} | |
3309 should be an image type symbol; for example, @code{xpm} for an image in | |
3310 XPM format. | |
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3311 |
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3312 Here is a list of other properties that are meaningful for all image |
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3313 types: |
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3314 |
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3315 @table @code |
36730
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3316 @item :file @var{file} |
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3317 The @code{:file} property specifies to load the image from file |
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3318 @var{file}. If @var{file} is not an absolute file name, it is expanded |
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3319 in @code{data-directory}. |
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3320 |
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3321 @item :data @var{data} |
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3322 The @code{:data} property specifies the actual contents of the image. |
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3323 Each image must use either @code{:data} or @code{:file}, but not both. |
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3324 For most image types, the value of the @code{:data} property should be a |
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3325 string containing the image data; we recommend using a unibyte string. |
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3326 |
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3327 Before using @code{:data}, look for further information in the section |
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3328 below describing the specific image format. For some image types, |
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3329 @code{:data} may not be supported; for some, it allows other data types; |
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3330 for some, @code{:data} alone is not enough, so you need to use other |
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3331 image properties along with @code{:data}. |
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3332 |
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3333 @item :margin @var{margin} |
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3334 The @code{:margin} property specifies how many pixels to add as an |
51000
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3335 extra margin around the image. The value, @var{margin}, must be a |
36730
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3336 non-negative number, or a pair @code{(@var{x} . @var{y})} of such |
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3337 numbers. If it is a pair, @var{x} specifies how many pixels to add |
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3338 horizontally, and @var{y} specifies how many pixels to add vertically. |
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3339 If @code{:margin} is not specified, the default is zero. |
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3340 |
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3341 @item :ascent @var{ascent} |
29151 | 3342 The @code{:ascent} property specifies the amount of the image's |
3343 height to use for its ascent---that is, the part above the baseline. | |
3344 The value, @var{ascent}, must be a number in the range 0 to 100, or | |
3345 the symbol @code{center}. | |
3346 | |
3347 If @var{ascent} is a number, that percentage of the image's height is | |
3348 used for its ascent. | |
3349 | |
3350 If @var{ascent} is @code{center}, the image is vertically centered | |
3351 around a centerline which would be the vertical centerline of text drawn | |
3352 at the position of the image, in the manner specified by the text | |
3353 properties and overlays that apply to the image. | |
3354 | |
3355 If this property is omitted, it defaults to 50. | |
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3356 |
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3357 @item :relief @var{relief} |
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3358 The @code{:relief} property, if non-@code{nil}, adds a shadow rectangle |
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3359 around the image. The value, @var{relief}, specifies the width of the |
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3360 shadow lines, in pixels. If @var{relief} is negative, shadows are drawn |
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3361 so that the image appears as a pressed button; otherwise, it appears as |
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3362 an unpressed button. |
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3363 |
35364 | 3364 @item :conversion @var{algorithm} |
3365 The @code{:conversion} property, if non-@code{nil}, specifies a | |
25751
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3366 conversion algorithm that should be applied to the image before it is |
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3367 displayed; the value, @var{algorithm}, specifies which algorithm. |
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3368 |
33996 | 3369 @table @code |
3370 @item laplace | |
3371 @itemx emboss | |
3372 Specifies the Laplace edge detection algorithm, which blurs out small | |
3373 differences in color while highlighting larger differences. People | |
3374 sometimes consider this useful for displaying the image for a | |
3375 ``disabled'' button. | |
3376 | |
3377 @item (edge-detection :matrix @var{matrix} :color-adjust @var{adjust}) | |
3378 Specifies a general edge-detection algorithm. @var{matrix} must be | |
3379 either a nine-element list or a nine-element vector of numbers. A pixel | |
3380 at position @math{x/y} in the transformed image is computed from | |
3381 original pixels around that position. @var{matrix} specifies, for each | |
3382 pixel in the neighborhood of @math{x/y}, a factor with which that pixel | |
3383 will influence the transformed pixel; element @math{0} specifies the | |
3384 factor for the pixel at @math{x-1/y-1}, element @math{1} the factor for | |
3385 the pixel at @math{x/y-1} etc., as shown below: | |
3386 @iftex | |
3387 @tex | |
3388 $$\pmatrix{x-1/y-1 & x/y-1 & x+1/y-1 \cr | |
3389 x-1/y & x/y & x+1/y \cr | |
3390 x-1/y+1& x/y+1 & x+1/y+1 \cr}$$ | |
3391 @end tex | |
3392 @end iftex | |
3393 @ifnottex | |
3394 @display | |
3395 (x-1/y-1 x/y-1 x+1/y-1 | |
3396 x-1/y x/y x+1/y | |
3397 x-1/y+1 x/y+1 x+1/y+1) | |
3398 @end display | |
3399 @end ifnottex | |
3400 | |
3401 The resulting pixel is computed from the color intensity of the color | |
3402 resulting from summing up the RGB values of surrounding pixels, | |
3403 multiplied by the specified factors, and dividing that sum by the sum | |
3404 of the factors' absolute values. | |
3405 | |
3406 Laplace edge-detection currently uses a matrix of | |
3407 @iftex | |
3408 @tex | |
3409 $$\pmatrix{1 & 0 & 0 \cr | |
3410 0& 0 & 0 \cr | |
3411 9 & 9 & -1 \cr}$$ | |
3412 @end tex | |
3413 @end iftex | |
3414 @ifnottex | |
3415 @display | |
3416 (1 0 0 | |
3417 0 0 0 | |
3418 9 9 -1) | |
3419 @end display | |
3420 @end ifnottex | |
3421 | |
3422 Emboss edge-detection uses a matrix of | |
3423 @iftex | |
3424 @tex | |
3425 $$\pmatrix{ 2 & -1 & 0 \cr | |
3426 -1 & 0 & 1 \cr | |
3427 0 & 1 & -2 \cr}$$ | |
3428 @end tex | |
3429 @end iftex | |
3430 @ifnottex | |
3431 @display | |
3432 ( 2 -1 0 | |
3433 -1 0 1 | |
3434 0 1 -2) | |
3435 @end display | |
3436 @end ifnottex | |
3437 | |
3438 @item disabled | |
3439 Specifies transforming the image so that it looks ``disabled''. | |
3440 @end table | |
3441 | |
3442 @item :mask @var{mask} | |
3443 If @var{mask} is @code{heuristic} or @code{(heuristic @var{bg})}, build | |
3444 a clipping mask for the image, so that the background of a frame is | |
3445 visible behind the image. If @var{bg} is not specified, or if @var{bg} | |
3446 is @code{t}, determine the background color of the image by looking at | |
3447 the four corners of the image, assuming the most frequently occurring | |
3448 color from the corners is the background color of the image. Otherwise, | |
3449 @var{bg} must be a list @code{(@var{red} @var{green} @var{blue})} | |
3450 specifying the color to assume for the background of the image. | |
3451 | |
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3452 If @var{mask} is @code{nil}, remove a mask from the image, if it has |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
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3453 one. Images in some formats include a mask which can be removed by |
55fb0658914a
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3454 specifying @code{:mask nil}. |
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3455 |
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3456 @item :pointer @var{shape} |
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3457 This specifies the pointer shape when the mouse pointer is over this |
57225 | 3458 image. @xref{Pointer Shape}, for available pointer shapes. |
57193
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3459 |
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3460 @item :map @var{map} |
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3461 This associates an image map of @dfn{hot spots} with this image. |
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3462 |
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3463 An image map is an alist where each element has the format |
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3464 @code{(@var{area} @var{id} @var{plist})}. An @var{area} is specified |
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3465 as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon. |
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3466 |
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3467 A rectangle is a cons |
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3468 @code{(rect . ((@var{x0} . @var{y0}) . (@var{x1} . @var{y1})))} |
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3469 which specifies the pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right |
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3470 corners of the rectangle area. |
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3471 |
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3472 A circle is a cons |
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3473 @code{(circle . ((@var{x0} . @var{y0}) . @var{r}))} |
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|
3474 which specifies the center and the radius of the circle; @var{r} may |
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3475 be a float or integer. |
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3476 |
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|
3477 A polygon is a cons |
57201
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Correct various typos.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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|
3478 @code{(poly . [@var{x0} @var{y0} @var{x1} @var{y1} ...])} |
57193
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|
3479 where each pair in the vector describes one corner in the polygon. |
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3480 |
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|
3481 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the |
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|
3482 @var{plist} of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a @code{help-echo} |
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|
3483 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains |
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|
3484 a @code{pointer} property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when |
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|
3485 it is over the hot-spot. |
57225 | 3486 @xref{Pointer Shape}, for available pointer shapes. |
57193
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3487 |
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|
3488 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot, an |
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|
3489 event is composed by combining the @var{id} of the hot-spot with the |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
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parents:
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changeset
|
3490 mouse event; for instance, @code{[area4 mouse-1]} if the hot-spot's |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
3491 @var{id} is @code{area4}. |
25751
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3492 @end table |
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3493 |
33996 | 3494 @defun image-mask-p spec &optional frame |
3495 @tindex image-mask-p | |
3496 This function returns @code{t} if image @var{spec} has a mask bitmap. | |
3497 @var{frame} is the frame on which the image will be displayed. | |
39404
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
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parents:
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3498 @var{frame} @code{nil} or omitted means to use the selected frame |
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3499 (@pxref{Input Focus}). |
33996 | 3500 @end defun |
3501 | |
25751
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3502 @node XBM Images |
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3503 @subsection XBM Images |
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3504 @cindex XBM |
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3505 |
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3506 To use XBM format, specify @code{xbm} as the image type. This image |
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3507 format doesn't require an external library, so images of this type are |
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3508 always supported. |
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3509 |
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3510 Additional image properties supported for the @code{xbm} image type are: |
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3511 |
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3512 @table @code |
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3513 @item :foreground @var{foreground} |
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3514 The value, @var{foreground}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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|
3515 foreground color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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3516 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 1. The default is the frame's |
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Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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parents:
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|
3517 foreground color. |
25751
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3518 |
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3519 @item :background @var{background} |
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3520 The value, @var{background}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
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parents:
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3521 background color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
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3522 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 0. The default is the frame's |
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3523 background color. |
25751
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3524 @end table |
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3525 |
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3526 If you specify an XBM image using data within Emacs instead of an |
28792 | 3527 external file, use the following three properties: |
25751
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3528 |
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3529 @table @code |
28792 | 3530 @item :data @var{data} |
3531 The value, @var{data}, specifies the contents of the image. | |
3532 There are three formats you can use for @var{data}: | |
3533 | |
3534 @itemize @bullet | |
3535 @item | |
3536 A vector of strings or bool-vectors, each specifying one line of the | |
3537 image. Do specify @code{:height} and @code{:width}. | |
3538 | |
3539 @item | |
3540 A string containing the same byte sequence as an XBM file would contain. | |
3541 You must not specify @code{:height} and @code{:width} in this case, | |
3542 because omitting them is what indicates the data has the format of an | |
3543 XBM file. The file contents specify the height and width of the image. | |
3544 | |
3545 @item | |
3546 A string or a bool-vector containing the bits of the image (plus perhaps | |
3547 some extra bits at the end that will not be used). It should contain at | |
3548 least @var{width} * @code{height} bits. In this case, you must specify | |
3549 @code{:height} and @code{:width}, both to indicate that the string | |
3550 contains just the bits rather than a whole XBM file, and to specify the | |
3551 size of the image. | |
3552 @end itemize | |
3553 | |
25751
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3554 @item :width @var{width} |
28792 | 3555 The value, @var{width}, specifies the width of the image, in pixels. |
25751
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3556 |
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3557 @item :height @var{height} |
28792 | 3558 The value, @var{height}, specifies the height of the image, in pixels. |
25751
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3559 @end table |
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3560 |
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3561 @node XPM Images |
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3562 @subsection XPM Images |
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3563 @cindex XPM |
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3564 |
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3565 To use XPM format, specify @code{xpm} as the image type. The |
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3566 additional image property @code{:color-symbols} is also meaningful with |
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3567 the @code{xpm} image type: |
25751
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3568 |
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3569 @table @code |
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3570 @item :color-symbols @var{symbols} |
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3571 The value, @var{symbols}, should be an alist whose elements have the |
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3572 form @code{(@var{name} . @var{color})}. In each element, @var{name} is |
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3573 the name of a color as it appears in the image file, and @var{color} |
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3574 specifies the actual color to use for displaying that name. |
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3575 @end table |
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3576 |
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3577 @node GIF Images |
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3578 @subsection GIF Images |
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3579 @cindex GIF |
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3580 |
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3581 For GIF images, specify image type @code{gif}. Because of the patents |
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3582 in the US covering the LZW algorithm, the continued use of GIF format is |
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3583 a problem for the whole Internet; to end this problem, it is a good idea |
56020 | 3584 for everyone, even outside the US, to stop using GIFs right away |
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3585 (@uref{http://www.burnallgifs.org/}). But if you still want to use |
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3586 them, Emacs can display them. |
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3587 |
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3588 @table @code |
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3589 @item :index @var{index} |
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3590 You can use @code{:index} to specify one image from a GIF file that |
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3591 contains more than one image. This property specifies use of image |
53422
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3592 number @var{index} from the file. If the GIF file doesn't contain an |
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3593 image with index @var{index}, the image displays as a hollow box. |
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3594 @end table |
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3595 |
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3596 @ignore |
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3597 This could be used to implement limited support for animated GIFs. |
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3598 For example, the following function displays a multi-image GIF file |
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3599 at point-min in the current buffer, switching between sub-images |
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3600 every 0.1 seconds. |
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3601 |
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3602 (defun show-anim (file max) |
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3603 "Display multi-image GIF file FILE which contains MAX subimages." |
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3604 (display-anim (current-buffer) file 0 max t)) |
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3605 |
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3606 (defun display-anim (buffer file idx max first-time) |
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3607 (when (= idx max) |
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3608 (setq idx 0)) |
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3609 (let ((img (create-image file nil :image idx))) |
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3610 (save-excursion |
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3611 (set-buffer buffer) |
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3612 (goto-char (point-min)) |
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3613 (unless first-time (delete-char 1)) |
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3614 (insert-image img)) |
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3615 (run-with-timer 0.1 nil 'display-anim buffer file (1+ idx) max nil))) |
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3616 @end ignore |
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3617 |
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3618 @node Postscript Images |
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3619 @subsection Postscript Images |
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3620 @cindex Postscript images |
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3621 |
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3622 To use Postscript for an image, specify image type @code{postscript}. |
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3623 This works only if you have Ghostscript installed. You must always use |
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3624 these three properties: |
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3625 |
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3626 @table @code |
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3627 @item :pt-width @var{width} |
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3628 The value, @var{width}, specifies the width of the image measured in |
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3629 points (1/72 inch). @var{width} must be an integer. |
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3630 |
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3631 @item :pt-height @var{height} |
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3632 The value, @var{height}, specifies the height of the image in points |
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3633 (1/72 inch). @var{height} must be an integer. |
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3634 |
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3635 @item :bounding-box @var{box} |
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3636 The value, @var{box}, must be a list or vector of four integers, which |
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3637 specifying the bounding box of the Postscript image, analogous to the |
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3638 @samp{BoundingBox} comment found in Postscript files. |
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3639 |
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3640 @example |
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3641 %%BoundingBox: 22 171 567 738 |
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3642 @end example |
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3643 @end table |
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3644 |
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3645 Displaying Postscript images from Lisp data is not currently |
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3646 implemented, but it may be implemented by the time you read this. |
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3647 See the @file{etc/NEWS} file to make sure. |
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3648 |
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3649 @node Other Image Types |
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3650 @subsection Other Image Types |
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3651 @cindex PBM |
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3652 |
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3653 For PBM images, specify image type @code{pbm}. Color, gray-scale and |
32552
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3654 monochromatic images are supported. For mono PBM images, two additional |
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3655 image properties are supported. |
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3656 |
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3657 @table @code |
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3658 @item :foreground @var{foreground} |
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3659 The value, @var{foreground}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
1302dd937a79
Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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3660 foreground color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
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Add that PBM and XBM image specs may have :foreground nil, and
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3661 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 1. The default is the frame's |
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3662 foreground color. |
32552
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3663 |
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3664 @item :background @var{background} |
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3665 The value, @var{background}, should be a string specifying the image |
37949
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3666 background color, or @code{nil} for the default color. This color is |
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3667 used for each pixel in the XBM that is 0. The default is the frame's |
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3668 background color. |
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3669 @end table |
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3670 |
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3671 For JPEG images, specify image type @code{jpeg}. |
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3672 |
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3673 For TIFF images, specify image type @code{tiff}. |
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3674 |
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3675 For PNG images, specify image type @code{png}. |
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3676 |
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3677 @node Defining Images |
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3678 @subsection Defining Images |
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3679 |
31373
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3680 The functions @code{create-image}, @code{defimage} and |
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3681 @code{find-image} provide convenient ways to create image descriptors. |
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3682 |
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3683 @defun create-image file &optional type &rest props |
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3684 @tindex create-image |
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3685 This function creates and returns an image descriptor which uses the |
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3686 data in @var{file}. |
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3687 |
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3688 The optional argument @var{type} is a symbol specifying the image type. |
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3689 If @var{type} is omitted or @code{nil}, @code{create-image} tries to |
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3690 determine the image type from the file's first few bytes, or else |
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3691 from the file's name. |
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3692 |
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3693 The remaining arguments, @var{props}, specify additional image |
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3694 properties---for example, |
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3695 |
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3696 @example |
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3697 (create-image "foo.xpm" 'xpm :heuristic-mask t) |
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3698 @end example |
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3699 |
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3700 The function returns @code{nil} if images of this type are not |
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3701 supported. Otherwise it returns an image descriptor. |
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3702 @end defun |
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3703 |
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3704 @defmac defimage symbol specs &optional doc |
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3705 @tindex defimage |
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3706 This macro defines @var{symbol} as an image name. The arguments |
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3707 @var{specs} is a list which specifies how to display the image. |
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(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
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3708 The third argument, @var{doc}, is an optional documentation string. |
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3709 |
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3710 Each argument in @var{specs} has the form of a property list, and each |
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changeset
|
3711 one should specify at least the @code{:type} property and either the |
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3712 @code{:file} or the @code{:data} property. The value of @code{:type} |
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3713 should be a symbol specifying the image type, the value of |
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3714 @code{:file} is the file to load the image from, and the value of |
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3715 @code{:data} is a string containing the actual image data. Here is an |
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3716 example: |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3717 |
25875 | 3718 @example |
3719 (defimage test-image | |
46338
6cf0fbc1d7da
defimage does not evaluate SPECS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46245
diff
changeset
|
3720 ((:type xpm :file "~/test1.xpm") |
6cf0fbc1d7da
defimage does not evaluate SPECS.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46245
diff
changeset
|
3721 (:type xbm :file "~/test1.xbm"))) |
25875 | 3722 @end example |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3723 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3724 @code{defimage} tests each argument, one by one, to see if it is |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3725 usable---that is, if the type is supported and the file exists. The |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3726 first usable argument is used to make an image descriptor which is |
41058
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3727 stored in @var{symbol}. |
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3728 |
3532d3226828
(Define Images): Fix the documentation of defimage. Suggested by
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
40469
diff
changeset
|
3729 If none of the alternatives will work, then @var{symbol} is defined |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3730 as @code{nil}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3731 @end defmac |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3732 |
31373
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3733 @defun find-image specs |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3734 @tindex find-image |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3735 This function provides a convenient way to find an image satisfying one |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3736 of a list of image specifications @var{specs}. |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3737 |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3738 Each specification in @var{specs} is a property list with contents |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3739 depending on image type. All specifications must at least contain the |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3740 properties @code{:type @var{type}} and either @w{@code{:file @var{file}}} |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3741 or @w{@code{:data @var{DATA}}}, where @var{type} is a symbol specifying |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3742 the image type, e.g.@: @code{xbm}, @var{file} is the file to load the |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3743 image from, and @var{data} is a string containing the actual image data. |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3744 The first specification in the list whose @var{type} is supported, and |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3745 @var{file} exists, is used to construct the image specification to be |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3746 returned. If no specification is satisfied, @code{nil} is returned. |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3747 |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3748 The image is looked for first on @code{load-path} and then in |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3749 @code{data-directory}. |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3750 @end defun |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3751 |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3752 @node Showing Images |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3753 @subsection Showing Images |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3754 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3755 You can use an image descriptor by setting up the @code{display} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3756 property yourself, but it is easier to use the functions in this |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3757 section. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3758 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3759 @defun insert-image image &optional string area slice |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3760 This function inserts @var{image} in the current buffer at point. The |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3761 value @var{image} should be an image descriptor; it could be a value |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3762 returned by @code{create-image}, or the value of a symbol defined with |
25875 | 3763 @code{defimage}. The argument @var{string} specifies the text to put in |
3764 the buffer to hold the image. | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3765 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3766 The argument @var{area} specifies whether to put the image in a margin. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3767 If it is @code{left-margin}, the image appears in the left margin; |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3768 @code{right-margin} specifies the right margin. If @var{area} is |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3769 @code{nil} or omitted, the image is displayed at point within the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3770 buffer's text. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3771 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3772 The argument @var{slice} specifies a slice of the image to insert. If |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3773 @var{slice} is @code{nil} or omitted the whole image is inserted. |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3774 Otherwise, @var{slice} is a list @code{(@var{x} @var{y} @var{width} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3775 @var{height})} which specifies the @var{x} and @var{y} positions and |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3776 @var{width} and @var{height} of the image area to insert. Integer |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3777 values are in units of pixels. A floating point number in the range |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3778 0.0--1.0 stands for that fraction of the width or height of the entire |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3779 image. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3780 |
25875 | 3781 Internally, this function inserts @var{string} in the buffer, and gives |
3782 it a @code{display} property which specifies @var{image}. @xref{Display | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3783 Property}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3784 @end defun |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3785 |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3786 @defun insert-sliced-image image &optional string area rows cols |
57221
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3787 This function inserts @var{image} in the current buffer at point, like |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3788 @code{insert-image}, but splits the image into @var{rows}x@var{cols} |
18bdf278f148
(Fringes): Rewrite previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57202
diff
changeset
|
3789 equally sized slices. |
57193
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3790 @end defun |
714a83d1ea32
(Display): Add 'Fringe Bitmaps' and 'Pointer
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56451
diff
changeset
|
3791 |
29471 | 3792 @defun put-image image pos &optional string area |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3793 This function puts image @var{image} in front of @var{pos} in the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3794 current buffer. The argument @var{pos} should be an integer or a |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3795 marker. It specifies the buffer position where the image should appear. |
29471 | 3796 The argument @var{string} specifies the text that should hold the image |
3797 as an alternative to the default. | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3798 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3799 The argument @var{image} must be an image descriptor, perhaps returned |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3800 by @code{create-image} or stored by @code{defimage}. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3801 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3802 The argument @var{area} specifies whether to put the image in a margin. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3803 If it is @code{left-margin}, the image appears in the left margin; |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3804 @code{right-margin} specifies the right margin. If @var{area} is |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3805 @code{nil} or omitted, the image is displayed at point within the |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3806 buffer's text. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3807 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3808 Internally, this function creates an overlay, and gives it a |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3809 @code{before-string} property containing text that has a @code{display} |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3810 property whose value is the image. (Whew!) |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3811 @end defun |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3812 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3813 @defun remove-images start end &optional buffer |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3814 This function removes images in @var{buffer} between positions |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3815 @var{start} and @var{end}. If @var{buffer} is omitted or @code{nil}, |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3816 images are removed from the current buffer. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3817 |
27331
be0a552c8320
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
27193
diff
changeset
|
3818 This removes only images that were put into @var{buffer} the way |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3819 @code{put-image} does it, not images that were inserted with |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3820 @code{insert-image} or in other ways. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3821 @end defun |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3822 |
31373
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3823 @defun image-size spec &optional pixels frame |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3824 @tindex image-size |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3825 This function returns the size of an image as a pair |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3826 @w{@code{(@var{width} . @var{height})}}. @var{spec} is an image |
51652
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
3827 specification. @var{pixels} non-@code{nil} means return sizes |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
3828 measured in pixels, otherwise return sizes measured in canonical |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
3829 character units (fractions of the width/height of the frame's default |
55fb0658914a
Fix minor Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51000
diff
changeset
|
3830 font). @var{frame} is the frame on which the image will be displayed. |
39404
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39221
diff
changeset
|
3831 @var{frame} null or omitted means use the selected frame (@pxref{Input |
5b69d94ceef3
(Font Lookup, Attribute Functions)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39221
diff
changeset
|
3832 Focus}). |
31373
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3833 @end defun |
a3fd71daf442
help-echo stuff, find-image, image-size.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
29471
diff
changeset
|
3834 |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3835 @node Image Cache |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3836 @subsection Image Cache |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3837 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
3838 Emacs stores images in an image cache when it displays them, so it can |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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3839 display them again more efficiently. It removes an image from the cache |
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3840 when it hasn't been displayed for a specified period of time. |
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3841 |
28770 | 3842 When an image is looked up in the cache, its specification is compared |
3843 with cached image specifications using @code{equal}. This means that | |
3844 all images with equal specifications share the same image in the cache. | |
3845 | |
25751
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3846 @defvar image-cache-eviction-delay |
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3847 @tindex image-cache-eviction-delay |
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3848 This variable specifies the number of seconds an image can remain in the |
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3849 cache without being displayed. When an image is not displayed for this |
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3850 length of time, Emacs removes it from the image cache. |
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3851 |
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3852 If the value is @code{nil}, Emacs does not remove images from the cache |
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3853 except when you explicitly clear it. This mode can be useful for |
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3854 debugging. |
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3855 @end defvar |
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3856 |
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3857 @defun clear-image-cache &optional frame |
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3858 @tindex clear-image-cache |
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3859 This function clears the image cache. If @var{frame} is non-@code{nil}, |
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3860 only the cache for that frame is cleared. Otherwise all frames' caches |
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3861 are cleared. |
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3862 @end defun |
27447
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3863 |
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3864 @node Buttons |
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3865 @section Buttons |
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3866 @cindex buttons |
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3867 @cindex buttons in buffers |
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3868 @cindex clickable buttons in buffers |
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3869 |
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3870 The @emph{button} package defines functions for inserting and |
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3871 manipulating clickable (with the mouse, or via keyboard commands) |
53468
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3872 buttons in Emacs buffers, such as might be used for help hyper-links, |
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3873 etc. Emacs uses buttons for the hyper-links in help text and the like. |
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3874 |
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3875 A button is essentially a set of properties attached (via text |
55246 | 3876 properties or overlays) to a region of text in an Emacs buffer, which |
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3877 are called its button properties. @xref{Button Properties}. |
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3878 |
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3879 One of the these properties (@code{action}) is a function, which will |
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3880 be called when the user invokes it using the keyboard or the mouse. |
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3881 The invoked function may then examine the button and use its other |
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3882 properties as desired. |
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3883 |
55246 | 3884 In some ways the Emacs button package duplicates functionality offered |
53467
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3885 by the widget package (@pxref{Top, , Introduction, widget, The Emacs |
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3886 Widget Library}), but the button package has the advantage that it is |
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3887 much faster, much smaller, and much simpler to use (for elisp |
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3888 programmers---for users, the result is about the same). The extra |
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3889 speed and space savings are useful mainly if you need to create many |
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3890 buttons in a buffer (for instance an @code{*Apropos*} buffer uses |
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3891 buttons to make entries clickable, and may contain many thousands of |
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3892 entries). |
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3893 |
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3894 @menu |
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3895 * Button Properties:: Button properties with special meanings. |
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3896 * Button Types:: Defining common properties for classes of buttons. |
55246 | 3897 * Making Buttons:: Adding buttons to Emacs buffers. |
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3898 * Manipulating Buttons:: Getting and setting properties of buttons. |
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3899 * Button Buffer Commands:: Buffer-wide commands and bindings for buttons. |
57193
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3900 * Manipulating Button Types:: |
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3901 @end menu |
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3902 |
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3903 @node Button Properties |
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3904 @subsection Button Properties |
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3905 @cindex button properties |
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3906 |
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3907 Buttons have an associated list of properties defining their |
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3908 appearance and behavior, and other arbitrary properties may be used |
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3909 for application specific purposes. |
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3910 |
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3911 Some properties that have special meaning to the button package |
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3912 include: |
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3913 |
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3914 @table @code |
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3915 |
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3916 @item action |
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3917 @kindex action @r{(button property)} |
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3918 The function to call when the user invokes the button, which is passed |
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3919 the single argument @var{button}. By default this is @code{ignore}, |
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3920 which does nothing. |
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3921 |
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3922 @item mouse-action |
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3923 @kindex mouse-action @r{(button property)} |
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3924 This is similar to @code{action}, and when present, will be used |
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3925 instead of @code{action} for button invocations resulting from |
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3926 mouse-clicks (instead of the user hitting @key{RET}). If not |
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3927 present, mouse-clicks use @code{action} instead. |
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3928 |
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3929 @item face |
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3930 @kindex face @r{(button property)} |
55246 | 3931 This is an Emacs face controlling how buttons of this type are |
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3932 displayed; by default this is the @code{button} face. |
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3933 |
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3934 @item mouse-face |
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3935 @kindex mouse-face @r{(button property)} |
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3936 This is an additional face which controls appearance during |
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3937 mouse-overs (merged with the usual button face); by default this is |
55246 | 3938 the usual Emacs @code{highlight} face. |
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3939 |
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3940 @item keymap |
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3941 @kindex keymap @r{(button property)} |
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3942 The button's keymap, defining bindings active within the button |
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3943 region. By default this is the usual button region keymap, stored |
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3944 in the variable @code{button-map}, which defines @key{RET} and |
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3945 @key{mouse-2} to invoke the button. |
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3946 |
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3947 @item type |
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3948 @kindex type @r{(button property)} |
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3949 The button-type of the button. When creating a button, this is |
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3950 usually specified using the @code{:type} keyword argument. |
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3951 @xref{Button Types}. |
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3952 |
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3953 @item help-echo |
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3954 @kindex help-index @r{(button property)} |
55246 | 3955 A string displayed by the Emacs tool-tip help system; by default, |
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3956 @code{"mouse-2, RET: Push this button"}. |
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3957 |
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3958 @item button |
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3959 @kindex button @r{(button property)} |
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3960 All buttons have a non-@code{nil} @code{button} property, which may be useful |
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3961 in finding regions of text that comprise buttons (which is what the |
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3962 standard button functions do). |
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3963 @end table |
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3964 |
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3965 There are other properties defined for the regions of text in a |
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3966 button, but these are not generally interesting for typical uses. |
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3967 |
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3968 @node Button Types |
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3969 @subsection Button Types |
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3970 @cindex button types |
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3971 |
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3972 Every button has a button @emph{type}, which defines default values |
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3973 for the button's properties. Button types are arranged in a |
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3974 hierarchy, with specialized types inheriting from more general types, |
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3975 so that it's easy to define special-purpose types of buttons for |
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3976 specific tasks. |
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3977 |
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3978 @defun define-button-type name &rest properties |
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3979 @tindex define-button-type |
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3980 Define a `button type' called @var{name}. The remaining arguments |
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3981 form a sequence of @var{property value} pairs, specifying default |
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3982 property values for buttons with this type (a button's type may be set |
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3983 by giving it a @code{type} property when creating the button, using |
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3984 the @code{:type} keyword argument). |
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3985 |
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3986 In addition, the keyword argument @code{:supertype} may be used to |
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3987 specify a button-type from which @var{name} inherits its default |
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3988 property values. Note that this inheritance happens only when |
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3989 @var{name} is defined; subsequent changes to a supertype are not |
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3990 reflected in its subtypes. |
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3991 @end defun |
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3992 |
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3993 Using @code{define-button-type} to define default properties for |
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3994 buttons is not necessary---buttons without any specified type use the |
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3995 built-in button-type @code{button}---but it is is encouraged, since |
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3996 doing so usually makes the resulting code clearer and more efficient. |
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3997 |
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3998 @node Making Buttons |
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3999 @subsection Making Buttons |
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4000 @cindex making buttons |
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4001 |
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4002 Buttons are associated with a region of text, using an overlay or |
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4003 text-properties to hold button-specific information, all of which are |
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4004 initialized from the button's type (which defaults to the built-in |
55246 | 4005 button type @code{button}). Like all Emacs text, the appearance of |
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4006 the button is governed by the @code{face} property; by default (via |
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4007 the @code{face} property inherited from the @code{button} button-type) |
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4008 this is a simple underline, like a typical web-page link. |
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4009 |
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4010 For convenience, there are two sorts of button-creation functions, |
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4011 those that add button properties to an existing region of a buffer, |
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4012 called @code{make-...button}, and those also insert the button text, |
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4013 called @code{insert-...button}. |
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4014 |
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4015 The button-creation functions all take the @code{&rest} argument |
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4016 @var{properties}, which should be a sequence of @var{property value} |
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4017 pairs, specifying properties to add to the button; see @ref{Button |
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4018 Properties}. In addition, the keyword argument @code{:type} may be |
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4019 used to specify a button-type from which to inherit other properties; |
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4020 see @ref{Button Types}. Any properties not explicitly specified |
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4021 during creation will be inherited from the button's type (if the type |
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4022 defines such a property). |
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4023 |
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4024 The following functions add a button using an overlay |
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4025 (@pxref{Overlays}) to hold the button properties: |
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4026 |
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4027 @defun make-button beg end &rest properties |
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4028 @tindex make-button |
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4029 Make a button from @var{beg} to @var{end} in the current buffer. |
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4030 @end defun |
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4031 |
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4032 @defun insert-button label &rest properties |
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4033 @tindex insert-button |
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4034 Insert a button with the label @var{label}. |
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4035 @end defun |
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4036 |
55246 | 4037 The following functions are similar, but use Emacs text-properties |
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4038 (@pxref{Text Properties}) to hold the button properties, making the |
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4039 button actually part of the text instead of being a property of the |
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4040 buffer (using text-properties is usually faster than using overlays, |
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4041 so this may be preferable when creating large numbers of buttons): |
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4042 |
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4043 @defun make-text-button beg end &rest properties |
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4044 @tindex make-text-button |
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4045 Make a button from @var{beg} to @var{end} in the current buffer, using |
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4046 text-properties. |
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4047 @end defun |
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4048 |
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4049 @defun insert-text-button label &rest properties |
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4050 @tindex insert-text-button |
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4051 Insert a button with the label @var{label}, using text-properties. |
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4052 @end defun |
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4053 |
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4054 Buttons using text-properties retain no markers into the buffer are |
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4055 retained, which is important for speed in cases where there are |
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4056 extremely large numbers of buttons. |
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4057 |
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4058 @node Manipulating Buttons |
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4059 @subsection Manipulating Buttons |
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4060 @cindex manipulating buttons |
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4061 |
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4062 These are functions for getting and setting properties of buttons. |
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4063 Often these are used by a button's invocation function to determine |
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4064 what to do. |
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4065 |
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4066 Where a @var{button} parameter is specified, it means an object |
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4067 referring to a specific button, either an overlay (for overlay |
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4068 buttons), or a buffer-position or marker (for text property buttons). |
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4069 Such an object is passed as the first argument to a button's |
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4070 invocation function when it is invoked. |
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4071 |
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4072 @defun button-start button |
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4073 @tindex button-start |
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4074 Return the position at which @var{button} starts. |
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4075 @end defun |
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4076 |
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4077 @defun button-end button |
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4078 @tindex button-end |
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4079 Return the position at which @var{button} ends. |
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4080 @end defun |
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4081 |
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4082 @defun button-get button prop |
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4083 @tindex button-get |
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4084 Get the property of button @var{button} named @var{prop}. |
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4085 @end defun |
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4086 |
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4087 @defun button-put button prop val |
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4088 @tindex button-put |
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4089 Set @var{button}'s @var{prop} property to @var{val}. |
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4090 @end defun |
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4091 |
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4092 @defun button-activate button &optional use-mouse-action |
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4093 @tindex button-activate |
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4094 Call @var{button}'s @code{action} property (i.e., invoke it). If |
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4095 @var{use-mouse-action} is non-@code{nil}, try to invoke the button's |
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4096 @code{mouse-action} property instead of @code{action}; if the button |
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4097 has no @code{mouse-action} property, use @code{action} as normal. |
53467
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4098 @end defun |
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4099 |
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4100 @defun button-label button |
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4101 @tindex button-label |
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4102 Return @var{button}'s text label. |
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4103 @end defun |
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4104 |
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4105 @defun button-type button |
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4106 @tindex button-type |
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4107 Return @var{button}'s button-type. |
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4108 @end defun |
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4109 |
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4110 @defun button-has-type-p button type |
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4111 @tindex button-has-type-p |
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4112 Return @code{t} if @var{button} has button-type @var{type}, or one of |
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4113 @var{type}'s subtypes. |
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4114 @end defun |
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4115 |
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4116 @defun button-at pos |
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4117 @tindex button-at |
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4118 Return the button at position @var{pos} in the current buffer, or @code{nil}. |
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4119 @end defun |
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4120 |
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4121 @node Button Buffer Commands |
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4122 @subsection Button Buffer Commands |
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4123 @cindex button buffer commands |
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4124 |
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4125 These are commands and functions for locating and operating on |
55246 | 4126 buttons in an Emacs buffer. |
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4127 |
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4128 @code{push-button} is the command that a user uses to actually `push' |
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4129 a button, and is bound by default in the button itself to @key{RET} |
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4130 and to @key{mouse-2} using a region-specific keymap. Commands |
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4131 that are useful outside the buttons itself, such as |
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4132 @code{forward-button} and @code{backward-button} are additionally |
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4133 available in the keymap stored in @code{button-buffer-map}; a mode |
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4134 which uses buttons may want to use @code{button-buffer-map} as a |
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4135 parent keymap for its keymap. |
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4136 |
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4137 @deffn Command push-button &optional pos use-mouse-action |
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4138 @tindex push-button |
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4139 Perform the action specified by a button at location @var{pos}. |
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4140 @var{pos} may be either a buffer position or a mouse-event. If |
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4141 @var{use-mouse-action} is non-@code{nil}, or @var{pos} is a |
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4142 mouse-event (@pxref{Mouse Events}), try to invoke the button's |
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4143 @code{mouse-action} property instead of @code{action}; if the button |
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4144 has no @code{mouse-action} property, use @code{action} as normal. |
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4145 @var{pos} defaults to point, except when @code{push-button} is invoked |
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4146 interactively as the result of a mouse-event, in which case, the mouse |
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4147 event's position is used. If there's no button at @var{pos}, do |
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4148 nothing and return @code{nil}, otherwise return @code{t}. |
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4149 @end deffn |
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4150 |
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4151 @deffn Command forward-button n &optional wrap display-message |
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4152 @tindex forward-button |
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4153 Move to the @var{n}th next button, or @var{n}th previous button if |
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4154 @var{n} is negative. If @var{n} is zero, move to the start of any |
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4155 button at point. If @var{wrap} is non-@code{nil}, moving past either |
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4156 end of the buffer continues from the other end. If |
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4157 @var{display-message} is non-@code{nil}, the button's help-echo string |
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4158 is displayed. Any button with a non-@code{nil} @code{skip} property |
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4159 is skipped over. Returns the button found. |
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4160 @end deffn |
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4161 |
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4162 @deffn Command backward-button n &optional wrap display-message |
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4163 @tindex backward-button |
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4164 Move to the @var{n}th previous button, or @var{n}th next button if |
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4165 @var{n} is negative. If @var{n} is zero, move to the start of any |
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4166 button at point. If @var{wrap} is non-@code{nil}, moving past either |
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4167 end of the buffer continues from the other end. If |
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4168 @var{display-message} is non-@code{nil}, the button's help-echo string |
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4169 is displayed. Any button with a non-@code{nil} @code{skip} property |
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4170 is skipped over. Returns the button found. |
53467
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4171 @end deffn |
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4172 |
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4173 @defun next-button pos &optional count-current |
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4174 @tindex next-button |
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4175 Return the next button after position @var{pos} in the current buffer. |
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4176 If @var{count-current} is non-@code{nil}, count any button at |
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4177 @var{pos} in the search, instead of starting at the next button. |
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4178 @end defun |
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4179 |
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4180 @defun previous-button pos &optional count-current |
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4181 @tindex previous-button |
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4182 Return the @var{n}th button before position @var{pos} in the current |
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4183 buffer. If @var{count-current} is non-@code{nil}, count any button at |
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4184 @var{pos} in the search, instead of starting at the next button. |
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4185 @end defun |
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4186 |
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4187 @node Manipulating Button Types |
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4188 @subsection Manipulating Button Types |
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4189 @cindex manipulating button types |
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4190 |
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4191 @defun button-type-put type prop val |
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4192 @tindex button-type-put |
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4193 Set the button-type @var{type}'s @var{prop} property to @var{val}. |
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4194 @end defun |
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4195 |
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4196 @defun button-type-get type prop |
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4197 @tindex button-type-get |
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4198 Get the property of button-type @var{type} named @var{prop}. |
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4199 @end defun |
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4200 |
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4201 @defun button-type-subtype-p type supertype |
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4202 @tindex button-type-subtype-p |
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4203 Return @code{t} if button-type @var{type} is a subtype of @var{supertype}. |
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4204 @end defun |
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4205 |
6598 | 4206 @node Blinking |
4207 @section Blinking Parentheses | |
4208 @cindex parenthesis matching | |
4209 @cindex blinking | |
4210 @cindex balancing parentheses | |
4211 @cindex close parenthesis | |
4212 | |
4213 This section describes the mechanism by which Emacs shows a matching | |
4214 open parenthesis when the user inserts a close parenthesis. | |
4215 | |
4216 @defvar blink-paren-function | |
4217 The value of this variable should be a function (of no arguments) to | |
4218 be called whenever a character with close parenthesis syntax is inserted. | |
4219 The value of @code{blink-paren-function} may be @code{nil}, in which | |
4220 case nothing is done. | |
4221 @end defvar | |
4222 | |
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4223 @defopt blink-matching-paren |
6598 | 4224 If this variable is @code{nil}, then @code{blink-matching-open} does |
4225 nothing. | |
22252
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4226 @end defopt |
6598 | 4227 |
22252
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4228 @defopt blink-matching-paren-distance |
6598 | 4229 This variable specifies the maximum distance to scan for a matching |
4230 parenthesis before giving up. | |
22252
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4231 @end defopt |
6598 | 4232 |
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4233 @defopt blink-matching-delay |
12098 | 4234 This variable specifies the number of seconds for the cursor to remain |
4235 at the matching parenthesis. A fraction of a second often gives | |
4236 good results, but the default is 1, which works on all systems. | |
22252
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4237 @end defopt |
12098 | 4238 |
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4239 @deffn Command blink-matching-open |
6598 | 4240 This function is the default value of @code{blink-paren-function}. It |
4241 assumes that point follows a character with close parenthesis syntax and | |
4242 moves the cursor momentarily to the matching opening character. If that | |
4243 character is not already on the screen, it displays the character's | |
4244 context in the echo area. To avoid long delays, this function does not | |
4245 search farther than @code{blink-matching-paren-distance} characters. | |
4246 | |
4247 Here is an example of calling this function explicitly. | |
4248 | |
4249 @smallexample | |
4250 @group | |
4251 (defun interactive-blink-matching-open () | |
4252 @c Do not break this line! -- rms. | |
4253 @c The first line of a doc string | |
4254 @c must stand alone. | |
4255 "Indicate momentarily the start of sexp before point." | |
4256 (interactive) | |
4257 @end group | |
4258 @group | |
4259 (let ((blink-matching-paren-distance | |
4260 (buffer-size)) | |
4261 (blink-matching-paren t)) | |
4262 (blink-matching-open))) | |
4263 @end group | |
4264 @end smallexample | |
22252
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4265 @end deffn |
6598 | 4266 |
4267 @node Inverse Video | |
4268 @section Inverse Video | |
4269 @cindex Inverse Video | |
4270 | |
4271 @defopt inverse-video | |
4272 @cindex highlighting | |
4273 This variable controls whether Emacs uses inverse video for all text | |
4274 on the screen. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. The | |
4275 default is @code{nil}. | |
4276 @end defopt | |
4277 | |
4278 @defopt mode-line-inverse-video | |
25875 | 4279 This variable controls the use of inverse video for mode lines and menu |
4280 bars. If it is non-@code{nil}, then these lines are displayed in | |
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4281 inverse video. Otherwise, these lines are displayed normally, just like |
25875 | 4282 other text. The default is @code{t}. |
4283 | |
4284 For window frames, this feature actually applies the face named | |
4285 @code{mode-line}; that face is normally set up as the inverse of the | |
4286 default face, unless you change it. | |
6598 | 4287 @end defopt |
4288 | |
4289 @node Usual Display | |
4290 @section Usual Display Conventions | |
4291 | |
4292 The usual display conventions define how to display each character | |
4293 code. You can override these conventions by setting up a display table | |
4294 (@pxref{Display Tables}). Here are the usual display conventions: | |
4295 | |
4296 @itemize @bullet | |
4297 @item | |
4298 Character codes 32 through 126 map to glyph codes 32 through 126. | |
4299 Normally this means they display as themselves. | |
4300 | |
4301 @item | |
4302 Character code 9 is a horizontal tab. It displays as whitespace | |
4303 up to a position determined by @code{tab-width}. | |
4304 | |
4305 @item | |
4306 Character code 10 is a newline. | |
4307 | |
4308 @item | |
4309 All other codes in the range 0 through 31, and code 127, display in one | |
9009 | 4310 of two ways according to the value of @code{ctl-arrow}. If it is |
6598 | 4311 non-@code{nil}, these codes map to sequences of two glyphs, where the |
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4312 first glyph is the @acronym{ASCII} code for @samp{^}. (A display table can |
6598 | 4313 specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{^}.) Otherwise, these codes map |
4314 just like the codes in the range 128 to 255. | |
4315 | |
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4316 On MS-DOS terminals, Emacs arranges by default for the character code |
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4317 127 to be mapped to the glyph code 127, which normally displays as an |
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4318 empty polygon. This glyph is used to display non-@acronym{ASCII} characters |
25751
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4319 that the MS-DOS terminal doesn't support. @xref{MS-DOS and MULE,,, |
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4320 emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
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4321 |
6598 | 4322 @item |
4323 Character codes 128 through 255 map to sequences of four glyphs, where | |
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4324 the first glyph is the @acronym{ASCII} code for @samp{\}, and the others are |
22138
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4325 digit characters representing the character code in octal. (A display |
21682
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4326 table can specify a glyph to use instead of @samp{\}.) |
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4327 |
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4328 @item |
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4329 Multibyte character codes above 256 are displayed as themselves, or as a |
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4330 question mark or empty box if the terminal cannot display that |
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4331 character. |
6598 | 4332 @end itemize |
4333 | |
4334 The usual display conventions apply even when there is a display | |
4335 table, for any character whose entry in the active display table is | |
4336 @code{nil}. Thus, when you set up a display table, you need only | |
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4337 specify the characters for which you want special behavior. |
6598 | 4338 |
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4339 These display rules apply to carriage return (character code 13), when |
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4340 it appears in the buffer. But that character may not appear in the |
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4341 buffer where you expect it, if it was eliminated as part of end-of-line |
25454 | 4342 conversion (@pxref{Coding System Basics}). |
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4343 |
6598 | 4344 These variables affect the way certain characters are displayed on the |
4345 screen. Since they change the number of columns the characters occupy, | |
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4346 they also affect the indentation functions. These variables also affect |
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4347 how the mode line is displayed; if you want to force redisplay of the |
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4348 mode line using the new values, call the function |
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4349 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}). |
6598 | 4350 |
4351 @defopt ctl-arrow | |
4352 @cindex control characters in display | |
4353 This buffer-local variable controls how control characters are | |
4354 displayed. If it is non-@code{nil}, they are displayed as a caret | |
4355 followed by the character: @samp{^A}. If it is @code{nil}, they are | |
4356 displayed as a backslash followed by three octal digits: @samp{\001}. | |
4357 @end defopt | |
4358 | |
4359 @c Following may have overfull hbox. | |
4360 @defvar default-ctl-arrow | |
4361 The value of this variable is the default value for @code{ctl-arrow} in | |
4362 buffers that do not override it. @xref{Default Value}. | |
4363 @end defvar | |
4364 | |
58496
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4365 @defopt tab-width |
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4366 The value of this variable is the spacing between tab stops used for |
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4367 displaying tab characters in Emacs buffers. The value is in units of |
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4368 columns, and the default is 8. Note that this feature is completely |
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4369 independent of the user-settable tab stops used by the command |
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4370 @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. @xref{Indent Tabs}. |
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4371 @end defopt |
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4372 |
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4373 @defopt indicate-empty-lines |
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4374 @tindex indicate-empty-lines |
42905
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4375 @cindex fringes, and empty line indication |
52141
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4376 When this is non-@code{nil}, Emacs displays a special glyph in the |
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4377 fringe of each empty line at the end of the buffer, on terminals that |
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4378 support it (window systems). @xref{Fringes}. |
26696
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4379 @end defopt |
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4380 |
58496
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4381 @defvar indicate-buffer-boundaries |
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4382 This buffer-local variable controls how the buffer boundaries and |
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4383 window scrolling are indicated in the window fringes. |
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4384 |
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4385 Emacs can indicate the buffer boundaries---that is, the first and last |
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4386 line in the buffer---with angle icons when they appear on the screen. |
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4387 In addition, Emacs can display an up-arrow in the fringe to show |
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4388 that there is text above the screen, and a down-arrow to show |
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4389 there is text below the screen. |
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4390 |
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4391 There are four kinds of basic values: |
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4392 |
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4393 @table @asis |
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4394 @item @code{nil} |
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4395 Don't display the icons. |
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4396 @item @code{left} |
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4397 Display them in the left fringe. |
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4398 @item @code{right} |
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4399 Display them in the right fringe. |
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4400 @item @var{anything-else} |
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4401 Display the icon at the top of the window top in the left fringe, and other |
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4402 in the right fringe. |
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4403 @end table |
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4404 |
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4405 If value is a cons @code{(@var{angles} . @var{arrows})}, @var{angles} |
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4406 controls the angle icons, and @var{arrows} controls the arrows. Both |
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4407 @var{angles} and @var{arrows} work according to the table above. |
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4408 Thus, @code{(t . right)} places the top angle icon in the left |
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4409 fringe, the bottom angle icon in the right fringe, and both arrows in |
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4410 the right fringe. |
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4411 @end defvar |
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4412 |
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4413 @defvar default-indicate-buffer-boundaries |
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4414 The value of this variable is the default value for |
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4415 @code{indicate-buffer-boundaries} in buffers that do not override it. |
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4416 @end defvar |
6598 | 4417 |
4418 @node Display Tables | |
4419 @section Display Tables | |
4420 | |
4421 @cindex display table | |
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4422 You can use the @dfn{display table} feature to control how all possible |
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4423 character codes display on the screen. This is useful for displaying |
52978
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Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
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4424 European languages that have letters not in the @acronym{ASCII} character |
21682
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4425 set. |
6598 | 4426 |
4427 The display table maps each character code into a sequence of | |
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4428 @dfn{glyphs}, each glyph being a graphic that takes up one character |
6598 | 4429 position on the screen. You can also define how to display each glyph |
4430 on your terminal, using the @dfn{glyph table}. | |
4431 | |
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4432 Display tables affect how the mode line is displayed; if you want to |
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4433 force redisplay of the mode line using a new display table, call |
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4434 @code{force-mode-line-update} (@pxref{Mode Line Format}). |
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4435 |
6598 | 4436 @menu |
53467
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Revision: miles@gnu.org--gnu-2004/emacs--cvs-trunk--0--patch-12
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4437 * Display Table Format:: What a display table consists of. |
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4438 * Active Display Table:: How Emacs selects a display table to use. |
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4439 * Glyphs:: How to define a glyph, and what glyphs mean. |
6598 | 4440 @end menu |
4441 | |
4442 @node Display Table Format | |
4443 @subsection Display Table Format | |
4444 | |
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4445 A display table is actually a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}) with |
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4446 @code{display-table} as its subtype. |
6598 | 4447 |
4448 @defun make-display-table | |
4449 This creates and returns a display table. The table initially has | |
4450 @code{nil} in all elements. | |
4451 @end defun | |
4452 | |
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4453 The ordinary elements of the display table are indexed by character |
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4454 codes; the element at index @var{c} says how to display the character |
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4455 code @var{c}. The value should be @code{nil} or a vector of glyph |
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4456 values (@pxref{Glyphs}). If an element is @code{nil}, it says to |
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4457 display that character according to the usual display conventions |
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4458 (@pxref{Usual Display}). |
12067 | 4459 |
4460 If you use the display table to change the display of newline | |
4461 characters, the whole buffer will be displayed as one long ``line.'' | |
6598 | 4462 |
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4463 The display table also has six ``extra slots'' which serve special |
21682
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4464 purposes. Here is a table of their meanings; @code{nil} in any slot |
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4465 means to use the default for that slot, as stated below. |
6598 | 4466 |
4467 @table @asis | |
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4468 @item 0 |
6598 | 4469 The glyph for the end of a truncated screen line (the default for this |
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4470 is @samp{$}). @xref{Glyphs}. Newer Emacs versions, on some platforms, |
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4471 display arrows to indicate truncation---the display table has no effect |
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4472 in these situations. |
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4473 @item 1 |
6598 | 4474 The glyph for the end of a continued line (the default is @samp{\}). |
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4475 Newer Emacs versions, on some platforms, display curved arrows to |
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4476 indicate continuation---the display table has no effect in these |
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4477 situations. |
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4478 @item 2 |
6598 | 4479 The glyph for indicating a character displayed as an octal character |
4480 code (the default is @samp{\}). | |
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4481 @item 3 |
6598 | 4482 The glyph for indicating a control character (the default is @samp{^}). |
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4483 @item 4 |
6598 | 4484 A vector of glyphs for indicating the presence of invisible lines (the |
4485 default is @samp{...}). @xref{Selective Display}. | |
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4486 @item 5 |
8925 | 4487 The glyph used to draw the border between side-by-side windows (the |
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4488 default is @samp{|}). @xref{Splitting Windows}. This takes effect only |
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4489 when there are no scroll bars; if scroll bars are supported and in use, |
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4490 a scroll bar separates the two windows. |
6598 | 4491 @end table |
4492 | |
4493 For example, here is how to construct a display table that mimics the | |
4494 effect of setting @code{ctl-arrow} to a non-@code{nil} value: | |
4495 | |
4496 @example | |
4497 (setq disptab (make-display-table)) | |
4498 (let ((i 0)) | |
4499 (while (< i 32) | |
4500 (or (= i ?\t) (= i ?\n) | |
4501 (aset disptab i (vector ?^ (+ i 64)))) | |
4502 (setq i (1+ i))) | |
4503 (aset disptab 127 (vector ?^ ??))) | |
4504 @end example | |
4505 | |
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4506 @defun display-table-slot display-table slot |
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4507 This function returns the value of the extra slot @var{slot} of |
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4508 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to |
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4509 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are |
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4510 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control}, |
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4511 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}. |
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4512 @end defun |
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4513 |
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4514 @defun set-display-table-slot display-table slot value |
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4515 This function stores @var{value} in the extra slot @var{slot} of |
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4516 @var{display-table}. The argument @var{slot} may be a number from 0 to |
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4517 5 inclusive, or a slot name (symbol). Valid symbols are |
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4518 @code{truncation}, @code{wrap}, @code{escape}, @code{control}, |
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4519 @code{selective-display}, and @code{vertical-border}. |
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4520 @end defun |
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4521 |
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4522 @defun describe-display-table display-table |
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4523 @tindex describe-display-table |
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4524 This function displays a description of the display table |
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4525 @var{display-table} in a help buffer. |
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4526 @end defun |
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4527 |
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4528 @deffn Command describe-current-display-table |
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4529 @tindex describe-current-display-table |
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4530 This command displays a description of the current display table in a |
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4531 help buffer. |
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4532 @end deffn |
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4533 |
6598 | 4534 @node Active Display Table |
4535 @subsection Active Display Table | |
4536 @cindex active display table | |
4537 | |
4538 Each window can specify a display table, and so can each buffer. When | |
4539 a buffer @var{b} is displayed in window @var{w}, display uses the | |
4540 display table for window @var{w} if it has one; otherwise, the display | |
4541 table for buffer @var{b} if it has one; otherwise, the standard display | |
4542 table if any. The display table chosen is called the @dfn{active} | |
4543 display table. | |
4544 | |
4545 @defun window-display-table window | |
4546 This function returns @var{window}'s display table, or @code{nil} | |
4547 if @var{window} does not have an assigned display table. | |
4548 @end defun | |
4549 | |
4550 @defun set-window-display-table window table | |
4551 This function sets the display table of @var{window} to @var{table}. | |
4552 The argument @var{table} should be either a display table or | |
4553 @code{nil}. | |
4554 @end defun | |
4555 | |
4556 @defvar buffer-display-table | |
21682
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4557 This variable is automatically buffer-local in all buffers; its value in |
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4558 a particular buffer specifies the display table for that buffer. If it |
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4559 is @code{nil}, that means the buffer does not have an assigned display |
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4560 table. |
6598 | 4561 @end defvar |
4562 | |
4563 @defvar standard-display-table | |
4564 This variable's value is the default display table, used whenever a | |
4565 window has no display table and neither does the buffer displayed in | |
4566 that window. This variable is @code{nil} by default. | |
4567 @end defvar | |
4568 | |
4569 If there is no display table to use for a particular window---that is, | |
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4570 if the window specifies none, its buffer specifies none, and |
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4571 @code{standard-display-table} is @code{nil}---then Emacs uses the usual |
6598 | 4572 display conventions for all character codes in that window. @xref{Usual |
4573 Display}. | |
4574 | |
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4575 A number of functions for changing the standard display table |
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4576 are defined in the library @file{disp-table}. |
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4577 |
6598 | 4578 @node Glyphs |
4579 @subsection Glyphs | |
4580 | |
4581 @cindex glyph | |
4582 A @dfn{glyph} is a generalization of a character; it stands for an | |
4583 image that takes up a single character position on the screen. Glyphs | |
47482
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4584 are represented in Lisp as integers, just as characters are. Normally |
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4585 Emacs finds glyphs in the display table (@pxref{Display Tables}). |
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4586 |
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4587 A glyph can be @dfn{simple} or it can be defined by the @dfn{glyph |
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4588 table}. A simple glyph is just a way of specifying a character and a |
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4589 face to output it in. The glyph code for a simple glyph, mod 524288, |
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4590 is the character to output, and the glyph code divided by 524288 |
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4591 specifies the face number (@pxref{Face Functions}) to use while |
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4592 outputting it. (524288 is |
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4593 @ifnottex |
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4594 2**19.) |
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4595 @end ifnottex |
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|
4596 @tex |
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|
4597 $2^{19}$.) |
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4598 @end tex |
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4599 @xref{Faces}. |
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4600 |
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4601 On character terminals, you can set up a @dfn{glyph table} to define |
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4602 the meaning of glyph codes. The glyph codes is the value of the |
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4603 variable @code{glyph-table}. |
6598 | 4604 |
4605 @defvar glyph-table | |
4606 The value of this variable is the current glyph table. It should be a | |
49600
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4607 vector; the @var{g}th element defines glyph code @var{g}. |
47482
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|
4608 |
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4609 If a glyph code is greater than or equal to the length of the glyph |
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4610 table, that code is automatically simple. If the value of |
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4611 @code{glyph-table} is @code{nil} instead of a vector, then all glyphs |
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4612 are simple. The glyph table is not used on graphical displays, only |
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4613 on character terminals. On graphical displays, all glyphs are simple. |
6598 | 4614 @end defvar |
4615 | |
4616 Here are the possible types of elements in the glyph table: | |
4617 | |
22252
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4618 @table @asis |
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4619 @item @var{string} |
6598 | 4620 Send the characters in @var{string} to the terminal to output |
4621 this glyph. This alternative is available on character terminals, | |
21682
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4622 but not under a window system. |
6598 | 4623 |
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4624 @item @var{integer} |
21682
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4625 Define this glyph code as an alias for glyph code @var{integer}. You |
47482
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4626 can use an alias to specify a face code for the glyph and use a small |
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4627 number as its code. |
6598 | 4628 |
4629 @item @code{nil} | |
47482
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4630 This glyph is simple. |
6598 | 4631 @end table |
4632 | |
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4633 @defun create-glyph string |
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4634 @tindex create-glyph |
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4635 This function returns a newly-allocated glyph code which is set up to |
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4636 display by sending @var{string} to the terminal. |
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4637 @end defun |
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4638 |
6598 | 4639 @node Beeping |
4640 @section Beeping | |
4641 @cindex beeping | |
4642 @cindex bell | |
4643 | |
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4644 This section describes how to make Emacs ring the bell (or blink the |
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4645 screen) to attract the user's attention. Be conservative about how |
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4646 often you do this; frequent bells can become irritating. Also be |
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4647 careful not to use just beeping when signaling an error is more |
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4648 appropriate. (@xref{Errors}.) |
6598 | 4649 |
22138
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4650 @defun ding &optional do-not-terminate |
6598 | 4651 @cindex keyboard macro termination |
4652 This function beeps, or flashes the screen (see @code{visible-bell} below). | |
4653 It also terminates any keyboard macro currently executing unless | |
22138
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4654 @var{do-not-terminate} is non-@code{nil}. |
6598 | 4655 @end defun |
4656 | |
22138
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4657 @defun beep &optional do-not-terminate |
6598 | 4658 This is a synonym for @code{ding}. |
4659 @end defun | |
4660 | |
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4661 @defopt visible-bell |
6598 | 4662 This variable determines whether Emacs should flash the screen to |
4663 represent a bell. Non-@code{nil} means yes, @code{nil} means no. This | |
21682
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4664 is effective on a window system, and on a character-only terminal |
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4665 provided the terminal's Termcap entry defines the visible bell |
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4666 capability (@samp{vb}). |
22252
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4667 @end defopt |
6598 | 4668 |
22138
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4669 @defvar ring-bell-function |
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4670 If this is non-@code{nil}, it specifies how Emacs should ``ring the |
25875 | 4671 bell.'' Its value should be a function of no arguments. If this is |
4672 non-@code{nil}, it takes precedence over the @code{visible-bell} | |
4673 variable. | |
21007
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4674 @end defvar |
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4675 |
6598 | 4676 @node Window Systems |
4677 @section Window Systems | |
4678 | |
4679 Emacs works with several window systems, most notably the X Window | |
4680 System. Both Emacs and X use the term ``window'', but use it | |
4681 differently. An Emacs frame is a single window as far as X is | |
4682 concerned; the individual Emacs windows are not known to X at all. | |
4683 | |
4684 @defvar window-system | |
22252
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4685 This variable tells Lisp programs what window system Emacs is running |
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4686 under. The possible values are |
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4687 |
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4688 @table @code |
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4689 @item x |
6598 | 4690 @cindex X Window System |
22252
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4691 Emacs is displaying using X. |
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|
4692 @item pc |
25751
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4693 Emacs is displaying using MS-DOS. |
22252
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4694 @item w32 |
27332
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4695 Emacs is displaying using Windows. |
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4696 @item mac |
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4697 Emacs is displaying using a Macintosh. |
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4698 @item nil |
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4699 Emacs is using a character-based terminal. |
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4700 @end table |
6598 | 4701 @end defvar |
4702 | |
4703 @defvar window-setup-hook | |
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4704 This variable is a normal hook which Emacs runs after handling the |
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4705 initialization files. Emacs runs this hook after it has completed |
25875 | 4706 loading your init file, the default initialization file (if |
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4707 any), and the terminal-specific Lisp code, and running the hook |
6598 | 4708 @code{term-setup-hook}. |
4709 | |
4710 This hook is used for internal purposes: setting up communication with | |
4711 the window system, and creating the initial window. Users should not | |
4712 interfere with it. | |
4713 @end defvar | |
52401 | 4714 |
4715 @ignore | |
4716 arch-tag: ffdf5714-7ecf-415b-9023-fbc6b409c2c6 | |
4717 @end ignore |