Mercurial > emacs
annotate lispref/os.texi @ 70695:c91b342afed1
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author | Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk> |
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date | Wed, 17 May 2006 22:24:13 +0000 |
parents | e617f5abce58 |
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6558 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, |
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4 @c 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6558 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/os | |
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7 @node System Interface, Antinews, Display, Top |
6558 | 8 @chapter Operating System Interface |
9 | |
10 This chapter is about starting and getting out of Emacs, access to | |
9009 | 11 values in the operating system environment, and terminal input, output, |
6558 | 12 and flow control. |
13 | |
14 @xref{Building Emacs}, for related information. See also | |
15 @ref{Display}, for additional operating system status information | |
16 pertaining to the terminal and the screen. | |
17 | |
18 @menu | |
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19 * Starting Up:: Customizing Emacs startup processing. |
6558 | 20 * Getting Out:: How exiting works (permanent or temporary). |
21 * System Environment:: Distinguish the name and kind of system. | |
22 * User Identification:: Finding the name and user id of the user. | |
23 * Time of Day:: Getting the current time. | |
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24 * Time Conversion:: Converting a time from numeric form |
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25 to calendrical data, and vice versa). |
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26 * Time Parsing:: Converting a time from numeric form to text |
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27 and vice versa. |
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28 * Processor Run Time:: Getting the run time used by Emacs. |
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29 * Time Calculations:: Adding, subtracting, comparing times, etc. |
6558 | 30 * Timers:: Setting a timer to call a function at a certain time. |
31 * Terminal Input:: Recording terminal input for debugging. | |
32 * Terminal Output:: Recording terminal output for debugging. | |
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33 * Sound Output:: Playing sounds on the computer's speaker. |
46228 | 34 * X11 Keysyms:: Operating on key symbols for X Windows |
6558 | 35 * Batch Mode:: Running Emacs without terminal interaction. |
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36 * Session Management:: Saving and restoring state with X Session Management. |
6558 | 37 @end menu |
38 | |
39 @node Starting Up | |
40 @section Starting Up Emacs | |
41 | |
42 This section describes what Emacs does when it is started, and how you | |
43 can customize these actions. | |
44 | |
45 @menu | |
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46 * Startup Summary:: Sequence of actions Emacs performs at startup. |
6558 | 47 * Init File:: Details on reading the init file (@file{.emacs}). |
48 * Terminal-Specific:: How the terminal-specific Lisp file is read. | |
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49 * Command-Line Arguments:: How command-line arguments are processed, |
6558 | 50 and how you can customize them. |
51 @end menu | |
52 | |
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53 @node Startup Summary |
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54 @subsection Summary: Sequence of Actions at Startup |
6558 | 55 @cindex initialization |
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56 @cindex startup of Emacs |
6558 | 57 @cindex @file{startup.el} |
58 | |
59 The order of operations performed (in @file{startup.el}) by Emacs when | |
60 it is started up is as follows: | |
61 | |
62 @enumerate | |
63 @item | |
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64 It adds subdirectories to @code{load-path}, by running the file named |
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65 @file{subdirs.el} in each directory in the list. Normally this file |
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66 adds the directory's subdirectories to the list, and these will be |
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67 scanned in their turn. The files @file{subdirs.el} are normally |
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68 generated automatically by Emacs installation. |
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69 |
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70 @item |
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71 It sets the language environment and the terminal coding system, |
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72 if requested by environment variables such as @code{LANG}. |
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73 |
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74 @item |
6558 | 75 It loads the initialization library for the window system, if you are |
76 using a window system. This library's name is | |
77 @file{term/@var{windowsystem}-win.el}. | |
78 | |
79 @item | |
12098 | 80 It processes the initial options. (Some of them are handled |
81 even earlier than this.) | |
82 | |
83 @item | |
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84 It initializes the window frame and faces, if appropriate. |
6558 | 85 |
86 @item | |
87 It runs the normal hook @code{before-init-hook}. | |
88 | |
89 @item | |
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90 It loads the library @file{site-start} (if any), unless the option |
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91 @samp{-Q} (or @samp{--no-site-file}) was specified. The library's file |
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92 name is usually @file{site-start.el}. |
6558 | 93 @cindex @file{site-start.el} |
94 | |
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95 @item |
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96 It loads your init file (usually @file{~/.emacs}), unless the option |
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97 @samp{-q} (or @samp{--no-init-file}), @samp{-Q}, or @samp{--batch} was |
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98 specified on the command line. The @samp{-u} option can specify |
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99 another user whose home directory should be used instead of @file{~}. |
6558 | 100 |
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101 @item |
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102 It loads the library @file{default} (if any), unless |
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103 @code{inhibit-default-init} is non-@code{nil}. (This is not done in |
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104 @samp{-batch} mode, or if @samp{-Q} or @samp{-q} was specified on the |
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105 command line.) The library's file name is usually @file{default.el}. |
6558 | 106 @cindex @file{default.el} |
107 | |
108 @item | |
109 It runs the normal hook @code{after-init-hook}. | |
110 | |
111 @item | |
112 It sets the major mode according to @code{initial-major-mode}, provided | |
113 the buffer @samp{*scratch*} is still current and still in Fundamental | |
114 mode. | |
115 | |
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116 @item |
6558 | 117 It loads the terminal-specific Lisp file, if any, except when in batch |
118 mode or using a window system. | |
119 | |
120 @item | |
121 It displays the initial echo area message, unless you have suppressed | |
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122 that with @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message}. |
6558 | 123 |
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124 @item |
12098 | 125 It processes the action arguments from the command line. |
6558 | 126 |
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127 @item |
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128 It runs @code{emacs-startup-hook} and then @code{term-setup-hook}. |
6558 | 129 |
130 @item | |
131 It calls @code{frame-notice-user-settings}, which modifies the | |
132 parameters of the selected frame according to whatever the init files | |
133 specify. | |
134 | |
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135 @item |
6558 | 136 It runs @code{window-setup-hook}. @xref{Window Systems}. |
137 | |
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138 @item |
9009 | 139 It displays copyleft, nonwarranty, and basic use information, provided |
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140 the value of @code{inhibit-startup-message} is @code{nil}, you didn't |
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141 specify @samp{--no-splash} or @samp{-Q}. |
6558 | 142 @end enumerate |
143 | |
144 @defopt inhibit-startup-message | |
145 This variable inhibits the initial startup messages (the nonwarranty, | |
146 etc.). If it is non-@code{nil}, then the messages are not printed. | |
147 | |
148 This variable exists so you can set it in your personal init file, once | |
149 you are familiar with the contents of the startup message. Do not set | |
150 this variable in the init file of a new user, or in a way that affects | |
151 more than one user, because that would prevent new users from receiving | |
152 the information they are supposed to see. | |
153 @end defopt | |
154 | |
155 @defopt inhibit-startup-echo-area-message | |
156 This variable controls the display of the startup echo area message. | |
157 You can suppress the startup echo area message by adding text with this | |
25875 | 158 form to your init file: |
6558 | 159 |
160 @example | |
161 (setq inhibit-startup-echo-area-message | |
162 "@var{your-login-name}") | |
163 @end example | |
164 | |
25875 | 165 Emacs explicitly checks for an expression as shown above in your init |
166 file; your login name must appear in the expression as a Lisp string | |
167 constant. Other methods of setting | |
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168 @code{inhibit-startup-echo-area-message} to the same value do not |
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169 inhibit the startup message. |
6558 | 170 |
171 This way, you can easily inhibit the message for yourself if you wish, | |
25875 | 172 but thoughtless copying of your init file will not inhibit the message |
173 for someone else. | |
6558 | 174 @end defopt |
175 | |
176 @node Init File | |
25875 | 177 @subsection The Init File, @file{.emacs} |
6558 | 178 @cindex init file |
179 @cindex @file{.emacs} | |
180 | |
25875 | 181 When you start Emacs, it normally attempts to load your @dfn{init |
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182 file}, a file in your home directory. Its normal name is |
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183 @file{.emacs}, but you can also call it @file{.emacs.el}. |
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184 Alternatively, you can use a file named @file{init.el} in a |
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185 subdirectory @file{.emacs.d}. Whichever place you use, you can also |
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186 compile the file (@pxref{Byte Compilation}); then the actual file |
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187 loaded will be @file{.emacs.elc} or @file{init.elc}. |
25875 | 188 |
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189 The command-line switches @samp{-q}, @samp{-Q}, and @samp{-u} |
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190 control whether and where to find the init file; @samp{-q} (and the |
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191 stronger @samp{-Q}) says not to load an init file, while @samp{-u |
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192 @var{user}} says to load @var{user}'s init file instead of yours. |
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193 @xref{Entering Emacs,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. If neither |
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194 option is specified, Emacs uses the @code{LOGNAME} environment |
25875 | 195 variable, or the @code{USER} (most systems) or @code{USERNAME} (MS |
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196 systems) variable, to find your home directory and thus your init |
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197 file; this way, even if you have su'd, Emacs still loads your own init |
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198 file. If those environment variables are absent, though, Emacs uses |
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199 your user-id to find your home directory. |
6558 | 200 |
201 @cindex default init file | |
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202 A site may have a @dfn{default init file}, which is the library |
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203 named @file{default.el}. Emacs finds the @file{default.el} file |
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204 through the standard search path for libraries (@pxref{How Programs Do |
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205 Loading}). The Emacs distribution does not come with this file; sites |
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206 may provide one for local customizations. If the default init file |
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207 exists, it is loaded whenever you start Emacs, except in batch mode or |
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208 if @samp{-q} (or @samp{-Q}) is specified. But your own personal init |
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209 file, if any, is loaded first; if it sets @code{inhibit-default-init} |
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210 to a non-@code{nil} value, then Emacs does not subsequently load the |
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211 @file{default.el} file. |
6558 | 212 |
213 Another file for site-customization is @file{site-start.el}. Emacs | |
214 loads this @emph{before} the user's init file. You can inhibit the | |
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215 loading of this file with the option @samp{--no-site-file}. |
6558 | 216 |
12098 | 217 @defvar site-run-file |
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218 This variable specifies the site-customization file to load before the |
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219 user's init file. Its normal value is @code{"site-start"}. The only |
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220 way you can change it with real effect is to do so before dumping |
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221 Emacs. |
12098 | 222 @end defvar |
223 | |
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224 @xref{Init Examples,, Init File Examples, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}, for |
6558 | 225 examples of how to make various commonly desired customizations in your |
226 @file{.emacs} file. | |
227 | |
228 @defopt inhibit-default-init | |
229 This variable prevents Emacs from loading the default initialization | |
230 library file for your session of Emacs. If its value is non-@code{nil}, | |
231 then the default library is not loaded. The default value is | |
232 @code{nil}. | |
233 @end defopt | |
234 | |
235 @defvar before-init-hook | |
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236 This normal hook is run, once, just before loading all the init files |
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237 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}). |
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238 (The only way to change it with real effect is before dumping Emacs.) |
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239 @end defvar |
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240 |
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241 @defvar after-init-hook |
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242 This normal hook is run, once, just after loading all the init files |
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243 (the user's init file, @file{default.el}, and/or @file{site-start.el}), |
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244 before loading the terminal-specific library and processing the |
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245 command-line action arguments. |
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246 @end defvar |
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247 |
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248 @defvar emacs-startup-hook |
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249 @tindex emacs-startup-hook |
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250 This normal hook is run, once, just after handling the command line |
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251 arguments, just before @code{term-setup-hook}. |
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252 @end defvar |
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253 |
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254 @defvar user-init-file |
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255 @tindex user-init-file |
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256 This variable holds the absolute file name of the user's init file. If the |
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257 actual init file loaded is a compiled file, such as @file{.emacs.elc}, |
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258 the value refers to the corresponding source file. |
6558 | 259 @end defvar |
260 | |
261 @node Terminal-Specific | |
262 @subsection Terminal-Specific Initialization | |
263 @cindex terminal-specific initialization | |
264 | |
265 Each terminal type can have its own Lisp library that Emacs loads when | |
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266 run on that type of terminal. The library's name is constructed by |
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267 concatenating the value of the variable @code{term-file-prefix} and the |
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268 terminal type (specified by the environment variable @code{TERM}). |
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269 Normally, @code{term-file-prefix} has the value |
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270 @code{"term/"}; changing this is not recommended. Emacs finds the file |
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271 in the normal manner, by searching the @code{load-path} directories, and |
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272 trying the @samp{.elc} and @samp{.el} suffixes. |
6558 | 273 |
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274 @cindex Termcap |
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275 The usual function of a terminal-specific library is to enable |
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276 special keys to send sequences that Emacs can recognize. It may also |
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277 need to set or add to @code{function-key-map} if the Termcap or |
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278 Terminfo entry does not specify all the terminal's function keys. |
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279 @xref{Terminal Input}. |
6558 | 280 |
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281 When the name of the terminal type contains a hyphen, and no library |
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282 is found whose name is identical to the terminal's name, Emacs strips |
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283 from the terminal's name the last hyphen and everything that follows |
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284 it, and tries again. This process is repeated until Emacs finds a |
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285 matching library or until there are no more hyphens in the name (the |
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286 latter means the terminal doesn't have any library specific to it). |
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287 Thus, for example, if there are no @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30} |
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288 libraries, Emacs will try the same library @file{term/aaa.el} for |
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289 terminal types @samp{aaa-48} and @samp{aaa-30-rv}. If necessary, the |
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290 library can evaluate @code{(getenv "TERM")} to find the full name of |
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291 the terminal type.@refill |
6558 | 292 |
25875 | 293 Your init file can prevent the loading of the |
6558 | 294 terminal-specific library by setting the variable |
295 @code{term-file-prefix} to @code{nil}. This feature is useful when | |
296 experimenting with your own peculiar customizations. | |
297 | |
298 You can also arrange to override some of the actions of the | |
299 terminal-specific library by setting the variable | |
300 @code{term-setup-hook}. This is a normal hook which Emacs runs using | |
301 @code{run-hooks} at the end of Emacs initialization, after loading both | |
25875 | 302 your init file and any terminal-specific libraries. You can |
6558 | 303 use this variable to define initializations for terminals that do not |
304 have their own libraries. @xref{Hooks}. | |
305 | |
306 @defvar term-file-prefix | |
307 @cindex @code{TERM} environment variable | |
308 If the @code{term-file-prefix} variable is non-@code{nil}, Emacs loads | |
309 a terminal-specific initialization file as follows: | |
310 | |
311 @example | |
312 (load (concat term-file-prefix (getenv "TERM"))) | |
313 @end example | |
314 | |
315 @noindent | |
316 You may set the @code{term-file-prefix} variable to @code{nil} in your | |
25875 | 317 init file if you do not wish to load the |
6558 | 318 terminal-initialization file. To do this, put the following in |
25875 | 319 your init file: @code{(setq term-file-prefix nil)}. |
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320 |
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321 On MS-DOS, if the environment variable @code{TERM} is not set, Emacs |
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322 uses @samp{internal} as the terminal type. |
6558 | 323 @end defvar |
324 | |
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325 @defvar term-setup-hook |
9009 | 326 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs after loading your |
25875 | 327 init file, the default initialization file (if any) and the |
6558 | 328 terminal-specific Lisp file. |
329 | |
330 You can use @code{term-setup-hook} to override the definitions made by a | |
331 terminal-specific file. | |
332 @end defvar | |
333 | |
334 See @code{window-setup-hook} in @ref{Window Systems}, for a related | |
335 feature. | |
336 | |
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337 @node Command-Line Arguments |
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338 @subsection Command-Line Arguments |
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339 @cindex command-line arguments |
6558 | 340 |
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341 You can use command-line arguments to request various actions when you |
6558 | 342 start Emacs. Since you do not need to start Emacs more than once per |
343 day, and will often leave your Emacs session running longer than that, | |
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344 command-line arguments are hardly ever used. As a practical matter, it |
6558 | 345 is best to avoid making the habit of using them, since this habit would |
346 encourage you to kill and restart Emacs unnecessarily often. These | |
347 options exist for two reasons: to be compatible with other editors (for | |
348 invocation by other programs) and to enable shell scripts to run | |
349 specific Lisp programs. | |
350 | |
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351 This section describes how Emacs processes command-line arguments, |
6558 | 352 and how you can customize them. |
353 | |
354 @ignore | |
355 (Note that some other editors require you to start afresh each time | |
356 you want to edit a file. With this kind of editor, you will probably | |
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357 specify the file as a command-line argument. The recommended way to |
6558 | 358 use GNU Emacs is to start it only once, just after you log in, and do |
359 all your editing in the same Emacs process. Each time you want to edit | |
360 a different file, you visit it with the existing Emacs, which eventually | |
361 comes to have many files in it ready for editing. Usually you do not | |
362 kill the Emacs until you are about to log out.) | |
363 @end ignore | |
364 | |
365 @defun command-line | |
9009 | 366 This function parses the command line that Emacs was called with, |
25875 | 367 processes it, loads the user's init file and displays the |
9009 | 368 startup messages. |
6558 | 369 @end defun |
370 | |
371 @defvar command-line-processed | |
372 The value of this variable is @code{t} once the command line has been | |
373 processed. | |
374 | |
375 If you redump Emacs by calling @code{dump-emacs}, you may wish to set | |
376 this variable to @code{nil} first in order to cause the new dumped Emacs | |
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377 to process its new command-line arguments. |
6558 | 378 @end defvar |
379 | |
380 @defvar command-switch-alist | |
381 @cindex switches on command line | |
382 @cindex options on command line | |
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383 @cindex command-line options |
6558 | 384 The value of this variable is an alist of user-defined command-line |
385 options and associated handler functions. This variable exists so you | |
386 can add elements to it. | |
387 | |
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388 A @dfn{command-line option} is an argument on the command line, which |
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389 has the form: |
6558 | 390 |
391 @example | |
392 -@var{option} | |
393 @end example | |
394 | |
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395 The elements of the @code{command-switch-alist} look like this: |
6558 | 396 |
397 @example | |
398 (@var{option} . @var{handler-function}) | |
399 @end example | |
400 | |
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401 The @sc{car}, @var{option}, is a string, the name of a command-line |
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402 option (not including the initial hyphen). The @var{handler-function} |
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403 is called to handle @var{option}, and receives the option name as its |
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404 sole argument. |
6558 | 405 |
406 In some cases, the option is followed in the command line by an | |
407 argument. In these cases, the @var{handler-function} can find all the | |
408 remaining command-line arguments in the variable | |
409 @code{command-line-args-left}. (The entire list of command-line | |
410 arguments is in @code{command-line-args}.) | |
411 | |
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412 The command-line arguments are parsed by the @code{command-line-1} |
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413 function in the @file{startup.el} file. See also @ref{Emacs |
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414 Invocation, , Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation, emacs, The |
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415 GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6558 | 416 @end defvar |
417 | |
418 @defvar command-line-args | |
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419 The value of this variable is the list of command-line arguments passed |
6558 | 420 to Emacs. |
421 @end defvar | |
422 | |
423 @defvar command-line-functions | |
424 This variable's value is a list of functions for handling an | |
425 unrecognized command-line argument. Each time the next argument to be | |
426 processed has no special meaning, the functions in this list are called, | |
9009 | 427 in order of appearance, until one of them returns a non-@code{nil} |
6558 | 428 value. |
429 | |
430 These functions are called with no arguments. They can access the | |
431 command-line argument under consideration through the variable | |
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432 @code{argi}, which is bound temporarily at this point. The remaining |
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433 arguments (not including the current one) are in the variable |
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434 @code{command-line-args-left}. |
6558 | 435 |
436 When a function recognizes and processes the argument in @code{argi}, it | |
437 should return a non-@code{nil} value to say it has dealt with that | |
438 argument. If it has also dealt with some of the following arguments, it | |
439 can indicate that by deleting them from @code{command-line-args-left}. | |
440 | |
441 If all of these functions return @code{nil}, then the argument is used | |
442 as a file name to visit. | |
443 @end defvar | |
444 | |
445 @node Getting Out | |
446 @section Getting Out of Emacs | |
447 @cindex exiting Emacs | |
448 | |
449 There are two ways to get out of Emacs: you can kill the Emacs job, | |
450 which exits permanently, or you can suspend it, which permits you to | |
451 reenter the Emacs process later. As a practical matter, you seldom kill | |
452 Emacs---only when you are about to log out. Suspending is much more | |
453 common. | |
454 | |
455 @menu | |
456 * Killing Emacs:: Exiting Emacs irreversibly. | |
457 * Suspending Emacs:: Exiting Emacs reversibly. | |
458 @end menu | |
459 | |
460 @node Killing Emacs | |
461 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
462 @subsection Killing Emacs | |
463 @cindex killing Emacs | |
464 | |
465 Killing Emacs means ending the execution of the Emacs process. The | |
466 parent process normally resumes control. The low-level primitive for | |
467 killing Emacs is @code{kill-emacs}. | |
468 | |
469 @defun kill-emacs &optional exit-data | |
470 This function exits the Emacs process and kills it. | |
471 | |
472 If @var{exit-data} is an integer, then it is used as the exit status | |
473 of the Emacs process. (This is useful primarily in batch operation; see | |
474 @ref{Batch Mode}.) | |
475 | |
476 If @var{exit-data} is a string, its contents are stuffed into the | |
477 terminal input buffer so that the shell (or whatever program next reads | |
478 input) can read them. | |
479 @end defun | |
480 | |
481 All the information in the Emacs process, aside from files that have | |
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482 been saved, is lost when the Emacs process is killed. Because killing |
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483 Emacs inadvertently can lose a lot of work, Emacs queries for |
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484 confirmation before actually terminating if you have buffers that need |
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485 saving or subprocesses that are running. This is done in the function |
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486 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}, the higher level function from which |
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487 @code{kill-emacs} is usually called. |
6558 | 488 |
489 @defvar kill-emacs-query-functions | |
490 After asking the standard questions, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} | |
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491 calls the functions in the list @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}, in |
6558 | 492 order of appearance, with no arguments. These functions can ask for |
493 additional confirmation from the user. If any of them returns | |
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494 @code{nil}, @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} does not kill Emacs, and |
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495 does not run the remaining functions in this hook. Calling |
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496 @code{kill-emacs} directly does not run this hook. |
6558 | 497 @end defvar |
498 | |
499 @defvar kill-emacs-hook | |
500 This variable is a normal hook; once @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs} is | |
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501 finished with all file saving and confirmation, it calls |
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502 @code{kill-emacs} which runs the functions in this hook. |
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503 @code{kill-emacs} does not run this hook in batch mode. |
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504 |
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505 @code{kill-emacs} may be invoked directly (that is not via |
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506 @code{save-buffers-kill-emacs}) if the terminal is disconnected, or in |
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507 similar situations where interaction with the user is not possible. |
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508 Thus, if your hook needs to interact with the user, put it on |
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509 @code{kill-emacs-query-functions}; if it needs to run regardless of |
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510 how Emacs is killed, put it on @code{kill-emacs-hook}. |
6558 | 511 @end defvar |
512 | |
513 @node Suspending Emacs | |
514 @subsection Suspending Emacs | |
515 @cindex suspending Emacs | |
516 | |
517 @dfn{Suspending Emacs} means stopping Emacs temporarily and returning | |
518 control to its superior process, which is usually the shell. This | |
519 allows you to resume editing later in the same Emacs process, with the | |
520 same buffers, the same kill ring, the same undo history, and so on. To | |
521 resume Emacs, use the appropriate command in the parent shell---most | |
522 likely @code{fg}. | |
523 | |
524 Some operating systems do not support suspension of jobs; on these | |
525 systems, ``suspension'' actually creates a new shell temporarily as a | |
526 subprocess of Emacs. Then you would exit the shell to return to Emacs. | |
527 | |
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528 Suspension is not useful with window systems, because the Emacs job |
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529 may not have a parent that can resume it again, and in any case you can |
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530 give input to some other job such as a shell merely by moving to a |
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531 different window. Therefore, suspending is not allowed when Emacs is using |
35476 | 532 a window system (X or MS Windows). |
6558 | 533 |
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534 @defun suspend-emacs &optional string |
6558 | 535 This function stops Emacs and returns control to the superior process. |
536 If and when the superior process resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs} | |
537 returns @code{nil} to its caller in Lisp. | |
538 | |
539 If @var{string} is non-@code{nil}, its characters are sent to be read | |
540 as terminal input by Emacs's superior shell. The characters in | |
541 @var{string} are not echoed by the superior shell; only the results | |
542 appear. | |
543 | |
544 Before suspending, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook | |
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545 @code{suspend-hook}. |
6558 | 546 |
9009 | 547 After the user resumes Emacs, @code{suspend-emacs} runs the normal hook |
6558 | 548 @code{suspend-resume-hook}. @xref{Hooks}. |
549 | |
550 The next redisplay after resumption will redraw the entire screen, | |
551 unless the variable @code{no-redraw-on-reenter} is non-@code{nil} | |
552 (@pxref{Refresh Screen}). | |
553 | |
554 In the following example, note that @samp{pwd} is not echoed after | |
555 Emacs is suspended. But it is read and executed by the shell. | |
556 | |
557 @smallexample | |
558 @group | |
559 (suspend-emacs) | |
560 @result{} nil | |
561 @end group | |
562 | |
563 @group | |
564 (add-hook 'suspend-hook | |
565 (function (lambda () | |
566 (or (y-or-n-p | |
567 "Really suspend? ") | |
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568 (error "Suspend canceled"))))) |
6558 | 569 @result{} (lambda nil |
570 (or (y-or-n-p "Really suspend? ") | |
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571 (error "Suspend canceled"))) |
6558 | 572 @end group |
573 @group | |
574 (add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook | |
575 (function (lambda () (message "Resumed!")))) | |
576 @result{} (lambda nil (message "Resumed!")) | |
577 @end group | |
578 @group | |
579 (suspend-emacs "pwd") | |
580 @result{} nil | |
581 @end group | |
582 @group | |
583 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
584 Really suspend? @kbd{y} | |
585 ---------- Buffer: Minibuffer ---------- | |
586 @end group | |
587 | |
588 @group | |
589 ---------- Parent Shell ---------- | |
590 lewis@@slug[23] % /user/lewis/manual | |
591 lewis@@slug[24] % fg | |
592 @end group | |
593 | |
594 @group | |
595 ---------- Echo Area ---------- | |
596 Resumed! | |
597 @end group | |
598 @end smallexample | |
599 @end defun | |
600 | |
601 @defvar suspend-hook | |
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602 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs before suspending. |
6558 | 603 @end defvar |
604 | |
605 @defvar suspend-resume-hook | |
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606 This variable is a normal hook that Emacs runs on resuming |
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607 after a suspension. |
6558 | 608 @end defvar |
609 | |
610 @node System Environment | |
611 @section Operating System Environment | |
612 @cindex operating system environment | |
613 | |
614 Emacs provides access to variables in the operating system environment | |
615 through various functions. These variables include the name of the | |
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616 system, the user's @acronym{UID}, and so on. |
6558 | 617 |
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618 @defvar system-configuration |
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619 This variable holds the standard GNU configuration name for the |
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620 hardware/software configuration of your system, as a string. The |
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621 convenient way to test parts of this string is with |
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622 @code{string-match}. |
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623 @end defvar |
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624 |
6558 | 625 @defvar system-type |
12098 | 626 The value of this variable is a symbol indicating the type of operating |
627 system Emacs is operating on. Here is a table of the possible values: | |
6558 | 628 |
629 @table @code | |
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630 @item alpha-vms |
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631 VMS on the Alpha. |
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632 |
6558 | 633 @item aix-v3 |
634 AIX. | |
635 | |
636 @item berkeley-unix | |
637 Berkeley BSD. | |
638 | |
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639 @item cygwin |
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640 Cygwin. |
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641 |
12098 | 642 @item dgux |
643 Data General DGUX operating system. | |
644 | |
645 @item gnu | |
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646 the GNU system (using the GNU kernel, which consists of the HURD and Mach). |
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647 |
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648 @item gnu/linux |
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649 A GNU/Linux system---that is, a variant GNU system, using the Linux |
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650 kernel. (These systems are the ones people often call ``Linux,'' but |
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651 actually Linux is just the kernel, not the whole system.) |
12098 | 652 |
6558 | 653 @item hpux |
12098 | 654 Hewlett-Packard HPUX operating system. |
6558 | 655 |
656 @item irix | |
657 Silicon Graphics Irix system. | |
658 | |
12098 | 659 @item ms-dos |
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660 Microsoft MS-DOS ``operating system.'' Emacs compiled with DJGPP for |
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661 MS-DOS binds @code{system-type} to @code{ms-dos} even when you run it on |
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662 MS-Windows. |
12098 | 663 |
664 @item next-mach | |
665 NeXT Mach-based system. | |
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666 |
6558 | 667 @item rtu |
668 Masscomp RTU, UCB universe. | |
669 | |
670 @item unisoft-unix | |
671 UniSoft UniPlus. | |
672 | |
673 @item usg-unix-v | |
674 AT&T System V. | |
675 | |
676 @item vax-vms | |
677 VAX VMS. | |
678 | |
12098 | 679 @item windows-nt |
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680 Microsoft windows NT. The same executable supports Windows 9X, but the |
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681 value of @code{system-type} is @code{windows-nt} in either case. |
12098 | 682 |
6558 | 683 @item xenix |
684 SCO Xenix 386. | |
685 @end table | |
686 | |
687 We do not wish to add new symbols to make finer distinctions unless it | |
688 is absolutely necessary! In fact, we hope to eliminate some of these | |
689 alternatives in the future. We recommend using | |
690 @code{system-configuration} to distinguish between different operating | |
691 systems. | |
692 @end defvar | |
693 | |
694 @defun system-name | |
695 This function returns the name of the machine you are running on. | |
696 @example | |
697 (system-name) | |
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698 @result{} "www.gnu.org" |
6558 | 699 @end example |
700 @end defun | |
701 | |
12067 | 702 The symbol @code{system-name} is a variable as well as a function. In |
703 fact, the function returns whatever value the variable | |
704 @code{system-name} currently holds. Thus, you can set the variable | |
705 @code{system-name} in case Emacs is confused about the name of your | |
706 system. The variable is also useful for constructing frame titles | |
707 (@pxref{Frame Titles}). | |
708 | |
709 @defvar mail-host-address | |
710 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it is used instead of | |
711 @code{system-name} for purposes of generating email addresses. For | |
712 example, it is used when constructing the default value of | |
713 @code{user-mail-address}. @xref{User Identification}. (Since this is | |
714 done when Emacs starts up, the value actually used is the one saved when | |
715 Emacs was dumped. @xref{Building Emacs}.) | |
716 @end defvar | |
717 | |
32839 | 718 @deffn Command getenv var |
6558 | 719 @cindex environment variable access |
720 This function returns the value of the environment variable @var{var}, | |
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721 as a string. @var{var} should be a string. If @var{var} is undefined |
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722 in the environment, @code{getenv} returns @code{nil}. If returns |
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723 @samp{""} if @var{var} is set but null. Within Emacs, the environment |
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724 variable values are kept in the Lisp variable @code{process-environment}. |
6558 | 725 |
726 @example | |
727 @group | |
728 (getenv "USER") | |
729 @result{} "lewis" | |
730 @end group | |
731 | |
732 @group | |
733 lewis@@slug[10] % printenv | |
734 PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin | |
735 USER=lewis | |
736 @end group | |
737 @group | |
738 TERM=ibmapa16 | |
739 SHELL=/bin/csh | |
740 HOME=/user/lewis | |
741 @end group | |
742 @end example | |
32924 | 743 @end deffn |
6558 | 744 |
745 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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746 @deffn Command setenv variable &optional value |
6558 | 747 This command sets the value of the environment variable named |
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748 @var{variable} to @var{value}. @var{variable} should be a string. |
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749 Internally, Emacs Lisp can handle any string. However, normally |
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750 @var{variable} should be a valid shell identifier, that is, a sequence |
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751 of letters, digits and underscores, starting with a letter or |
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752 underscore. Otherwise, errors may occur if subprocesses of Emacs try |
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753 to access the value of @var{variable}. If @var{value} is omitted or |
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754 @code{nil}, @code{setenv} removes @var{variable} from the environment. |
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755 Otherwise, @var{value} should be a string. |
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756 |
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757 @code{setenv} works by modifying @code{process-environment}; binding |
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758 that variable with @code{let} is also reasonable practice. |
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759 |
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760 @code{setenv} returns the new value of @var{variable}, or @code{nil} |
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761 if it removed @var{variable} from the environment. |
6558 | 762 @end deffn |
763 | |
764 @defvar process-environment | |
765 This variable is a list of strings, each describing one environment | |
766 variable. The functions @code{getenv} and @code{setenv} work by means | |
767 of this variable. | |
768 | |
769 @smallexample | |
770 @group | |
771 process-environment | |
772 @result{} ("l=/usr/stanford/lib/gnuemacs/lisp" | |
773 "PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/class:/nfsusr/local/bin" | |
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774 "USER=lewis" |
6558 | 775 @end group |
776 @group | |
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777 "TERM=ibmapa16" |
6558 | 778 "SHELL=/bin/csh" |
779 "HOME=/user/lewis") | |
780 @end group | |
781 @end smallexample | |
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782 |
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783 If @code{process-environment} contains ``duplicate'' elements that |
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784 specify the same environment variable, the first of these elements |
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785 specifies the variable, and the other ``duplicates'' are ignored. |
6558 | 786 @end defvar |
787 | |
12098 | 788 @defvar path-separator |
789 This variable holds a string which says which character separates | |
790 directories in a search path (as found in an environment variable). Its | |
791 value is @code{":"} for Unix and GNU systems, and @code{";"} for MS-DOS | |
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792 and MS-Windows. |
12098 | 793 @end defvar |
794 | |
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795 @defun parse-colon-path path |
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796 @tindex parse-colon-path |
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797 This function takes a search path string such as would be the value of |
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798 the @code{PATH} environment variable, and splits it at the separators, |
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799 returning a list of directory names. @code{nil} in this list stands for |
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800 ``use the current directory.'' Although the function's name says |
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801 ``colon,'' it actually uses the value of @code{path-separator}. |
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802 |
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803 @example |
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804 (parse-colon-path ":/foo:/bar") |
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805 @result{} (nil "/foo/" "/bar/") |
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806 @end example |
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807 @end defun |
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808 |
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809 @defvar invocation-name |
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810 This variable holds the program name under which Emacs was invoked. The |
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811 value is a string, and does not include a directory name. |
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812 @end defvar |
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813 |
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814 @defvar invocation-directory |
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815 This variable holds the directory from which the Emacs executable was |
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816 invoked, or perhaps @code{nil} if that directory cannot be determined. |
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817 @end defvar |
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818 |
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819 @defvar installation-directory |
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820 If non-@code{nil}, this is a directory within which to look for the |
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821 @file{lib-src} and @file{etc} subdirectories. This is non-@code{nil} |
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822 when Emacs can't find those directories in their standard installed |
9009 | 823 locations, but can find them in a directory related somehow to the one |
824 containing the Emacs executable. | |
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825 @end defvar |
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826 |
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827 @defun load-average &optional use-float |
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828 This function returns the current 1-minute, 5-minute, and 15-minute load |
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829 averages, in a list. |
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830 |
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831 By default, the values are integers that are 100 times the system load |
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832 averages, which indicate the average number of processes trying to run. |
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833 If @var{use-float} is non-@code{nil}, then they are returned |
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834 as floating point numbers and without multiplying by 100. |
6558 | 835 |
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836 If it is impossible to obtain the load average, this function signals |
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|
837 an error. On some platforms, access to load averages requires |
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|
838 installing Emacs as setuid or setgid so that it can read kernel |
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|
839 information, and that usually isn't advisable. |
52783 | 840 |
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841 If the 1-minute load average is available, but the 5- or 15-minute |
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842 averages are not, this function returns a shortened list containing |
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|
843 the available averages. |
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844 |
6558 | 845 @example |
846 @group | |
847 (load-average) | |
848 @result{} (169 48 36) | |
849 @end group | |
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850 @group |
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851 (load-average t) |
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852 @result{} (1.69 0.48 0.36) |
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853 @end group |
6558 | 854 |
855 @group | |
856 lewis@@rocky[5] % uptime | |
857 11:55am up 1 day, 19:37, 3 users, | |
858 load average: 1.69, 0.48, 0.36 | |
859 @end group | |
860 @end example | |
861 @end defun | |
862 | |
863 @defun emacs-pid | |
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864 This function returns the process @acronym{ID} of the Emacs process, |
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865 as an integer. |
6558 | 866 @end defun |
867 | |
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868 @defvar tty-erase-char |
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869 This variable holds the erase character that was selected |
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870 in the system's terminal driver, before Emacs was started. |
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871 The value is @code{nil} if Emacs is running under a window system. |
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872 @end defvar |
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873 |
6558 | 874 @defun setprv privilege-name &optional setp getprv |
875 This function sets or resets a VMS privilege. (It does not exist on | |
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876 other systems.) The first argument is the privilege name, as a string. |
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877 The second argument, @var{setp}, is @code{t} or @code{nil}, indicating |
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878 whether the privilege is to be turned on or off. Its default is |
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879 @code{nil}. The function returns @code{t} if successful, @code{nil} |
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880 otherwise. |
6558 | 881 |
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|
882 If the third argument, @var{getprv}, is non-@code{nil}, @code{setprv} |
6558 | 883 does not change the privilege, but returns @code{t} or @code{nil} |
884 indicating whether the privilege is currently enabled. | |
885 @end defun | |
886 | |
887 @node User Identification | |
888 @section User Identification | |
889 | |
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890 @defvar init-file-user |
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|
891 This variable says which user's init files should be used by |
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892 Emacs---or @code{nil} if none. @code{""} stands for the user who |
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893 originally logged in. The value reflects command-line options such as |
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894 @samp{-q} or @samp{-u @var{user}}. |
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|
895 |
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|
896 Lisp packages that load files of customizations, or any other sort of |
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897 user profile, should obey this variable in deciding where to find it. |
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898 They should load the profile of the user name found in this variable. |
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899 If @code{init-file-user} is @code{nil}, meaning that the @samp{-q} |
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900 option was used, then Lisp packages should not load any customization |
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901 files or user profile. |
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902 @end defvar |
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903 |
12067 | 904 @defvar user-mail-address |
905 This holds the nominal email address of the user who is using Emacs. | |
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906 Emacs normally sets this variable to a default value after reading your |
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907 init files, but not if you have already set it. So you can set the |
25875 | 908 variable to some other value in your init file if you do not |
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|
909 want to use the default value. |
12067 | 910 @end defvar |
911 | |
912 @defun user-login-name &optional uid | |
913 If you don't specify @var{uid}, this function returns the name under | |
914 which the user is logged in. If the environment variable @code{LOGNAME} | |
915 is set, that value is used. Otherwise, if the environment variable | |
916 @code{USER} is set, that value is used. Otherwise, the value is based | |
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917 on the effective @acronym{UID}, not the real @acronym{UID}. |
12067 | 918 |
919 If you specify @var{uid}, the value is the user name that corresponds | |
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920 to @var{uid} (which should be an integer), or @code{nil} if there is |
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921 no such user. |
6558 | 922 |
923 @example | |
924 @group | |
925 (user-login-name) | |
926 @result{} "lewis" | |
927 @end group | |
928 @end example | |
929 @end defun | |
930 | |
931 @defun user-real-login-name | |
932 This function returns the user name corresponding to Emacs's real | |
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|
933 @acronym{UID}. This ignores the effective @acronym{UID} and ignores the |
6558 | 934 environment variables @code{LOGNAME} and @code{USER}. |
935 @end defun | |
936 | |
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937 @defun user-full-name &optional uid |
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938 This function returns the full name of the logged-in user---or the value |
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|
939 of the environment variable @code{NAME}, if that is set. |
6558 | 940 |
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941 @c "Bil" is the correct spelling. |
6558 | 942 @example |
943 @group | |
944 (user-full-name) | |
945 @result{} "Bil Lewis" | |
946 @end group | |
947 @end example | |
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948 |
24848 | 949 If the Emacs job's user-id does not correspond to any known user (and |
950 provided @code{NAME} is not set), the value is @code{"unknown"}. | |
951 | |
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952 If @var{uid} is non-@code{nil}, then it should be a number (a user-id) |
24848 | 953 or a string (a login name). Then @code{user-full-name} returns the full |
954 name corresponding to that user-id or login name. If you specify a | |
955 user-id or login name that isn't defined, it returns @code{nil}. | |
6558 | 956 @end defun |
957 | |
12067 | 958 @vindex user-full-name |
959 @vindex user-real-login-name | |
960 @vindex user-login-name | |
961 The symbols @code{user-login-name}, @code{user-real-login-name} and | |
962 @code{user-full-name} are variables as well as functions. The functions | |
963 return the same values that the variables hold. These variables allow | |
964 you to ``fake out'' Emacs by telling the functions what to return. The | |
965 variables are also useful for constructing frame titles (@pxref{Frame | |
966 Titles}). | |
967 | |
6558 | 968 @defun user-real-uid |
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969 This function returns the real @acronym{UID} of the user. |
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970 The value may be a floating point number. |
6558 | 971 |
972 @example | |
973 @group | |
974 (user-real-uid) | |
975 @result{} 19 | |
976 @end group | |
977 @end example | |
978 @end defun | |
979 | |
980 @defun user-uid | |
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|
981 This function returns the effective @acronym{UID} of the user. |
51918
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982 The value may be a floating point number. |
6558 | 983 @end defun |
984 | |
985 @node Time of Day | |
986 @section Time of Day | |
987 | |
988 This section explains how to determine the current time and the time | |
989 zone. | |
990 | |
991 @defun current-time-string &optional time-value | |
22138
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992 This function returns the current time and date as a human-readable |
6558 | 993 string. The format of the string is unvarying; the number of characters |
994 used for each part is always the same, so you can reliably use | |
12098 | 995 @code{substring} to extract pieces of it. It is wise to count the |
996 characters from the beginning of the string rather than from the end, as | |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
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997 additional information may some day be added at the end. |
6558 | 998 |
999 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1000 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to format | |
12098 | 1001 instead of the current time. The argument should be a list whose first |
1002 two elements are integers. Thus, you can use times obtained from | |
1003 @code{current-time} (see below) and from @code{file-attributes} | |
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1004 (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}). @var{time-value} can also be |
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1005 a cons of two integers, but this is considered obsolete. |
6558 | 1006 |
1007 @example | |
1008 @group | |
1009 (current-time-string) | |
1010 @result{} "Wed Oct 14 22:21:05 1987" | |
1011 @end group | |
1012 @end example | |
1013 @end defun | |
1014 | |
1015 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1016 @defun current-time | |
1017 This function returns the system's time value as a list of three | |
1018 integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The integers | |
1019 @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of seconds since | |
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1020 0:00 January 1, 1970 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), which is |
27193 | 1021 @ifnottex |
6558 | 1022 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
27193 | 1023 @end ifnottex |
6558 | 1024 @tex |
9009 | 1025 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
6558 | 1026 @end tex |
1027 | |
1028 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds since the | |
25751
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1029 start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time with |
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|
1030 the resolution of only one second). |
6558 | 1031 |
1032 The first two elements can be compared with file time values such as you | |
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1033 get with the function @code{file-attributes}. |
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1034 @xref{Definition of file-attributes}. |
6558 | 1035 @end defun |
1036 | |
1037 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1038 @defun current-time-zone &optional time-value | |
1039 This function returns a list describing the time zone that the user is | |
1040 in. | |
1041 | |
1042 The value has the form @code{(@var{offset} @var{name})}. Here | |
1043 @var{offset} is an integer giving the number of seconds ahead of UTC | |
1044 (east of Greenwich). A negative value means west of Greenwich. The | |
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1045 second element, @var{name}, is a string giving the name of the time |
6558 | 1046 zone. Both elements change when daylight savings time begins or ends; |
1047 if the user has specified a time zone that does not use a seasonal time | |
1048 adjustment, then the value is constant through time. | |
1049 | |
1050 If the operating system doesn't supply all the information necessary to | |
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1051 compute the value, the unknown elements of the list are @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1052 |
1053 The argument @var{time-value}, if given, specifies a time to analyze | |
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1054 instead of the current time. The argument should have the same form |
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1055 as for @code{current-time-string} (see above). Thus, you can use |
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1056 times obtained from @code{current-time} (see above) and from |
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1057 @code{file-attributes}. @xref{Definition of file-attributes}. |
12067 | 1058 @end defun |
1059 | |
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1060 @defun set-time-zone-rule tz |
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1061 This function specifies the local time zone according to @var{tz}. If |
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1062 @var{tz} is @code{nil}, that means to use an implementation-defined |
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1063 default time zone. If @var{tz} is @code{t}, that means to use |
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1064 Universal Time. Otherwise, @var{tz} should be a string specifying a |
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1065 time zone rule. |
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1066 @end defun |
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1067 |
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1068 @defun float-time &optional time-value |
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1069 This function returns the current time as a floating-point number of |
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1070 seconds since the epoch. The argument @var{time-value}, if given, |
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1071 specifies a time to convert instead of the current time. The argument |
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1072 should have the same form as for @code{current-time-string} (see |
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1073 above). Thus, it accepts the output of @code{current-time} and |
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1074 @code{file-attributes}. |
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1075 |
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1076 @emph{Warning}: Since the result is floating point, it may not be |
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1077 exact. Do not use this function if precise time stamps are required. |
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1078 @end defun |
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1079 |
12067 | 1080 @node Time Conversion |
1081 @section Time Conversion | |
1082 | |
1083 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers) | |
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1084 to calendrical information and vice versa. You can get time values |
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1085 from the functions @code{current-time} (@pxref{Time of Day}) and |
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1086 @code{file-attributes} (@pxref{Definition of file-attributes}). |
12067 | 1087 |
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1088 Many operating systems are limited to time values that contain 32 bits |
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1089 of information; these systems typically handle only the times from |
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1090 1901-12-13 20:45:52 UTC through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC. However, some |
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1091 operating systems have larger time values, and can represent times far |
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1092 in the past or future. |
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1093 |
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1094 Time conversion functions always use the Gregorian calendar, even |
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1095 for dates before the Gregorian calendar was introduced. Year numbers |
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1096 count the number of years since the year 1 B.C., and do not skip zero |
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1097 as traditional Gregorian years do; for example, the year number |
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|
1098 @minus{}37 represents the Gregorian year 38 B.C@. |
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1099 |
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1100 @defun decode-time &optional time |
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1101 This function converts a time value into calendrical information. If |
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1102 you don't specify @var{time}, it decodes the current time. The return |
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1103 value is a list of nine elements, as follows: |
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1104 |
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|
1105 @example |
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1106 (@var{seconds} @var{minutes} @var{hour} @var{day} @var{month} @var{year} @var{dow} @var{dst} @var{zone}) |
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|
1107 @end example |
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1108 |
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1109 Here is what the elements mean: |
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1110 |
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|
1111 @table @var |
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1112 @item seconds |
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1113 The number of seconds past the minute, as an integer between 0 and 59. |
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1114 On some operating systems, this is 60 for leap seconds. |
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1115 @item minutes |
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1116 The number of minutes past the hour, as an integer between 0 and 59. |
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1117 @item hour |
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1118 The hour of the day, as an integer between 0 and 23. |
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1119 @item day |
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1120 The day of the month, as an integer between 1 and 31. |
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1121 @item month |
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1122 The month of the year, as an integer between 1 and 12. |
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1123 @item year |
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1124 The year, an integer typically greater than 1900. |
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1125 @item dow |
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1126 The day of week, as an integer between 0 and 6, where 0 stands for |
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1127 Sunday. |
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1128 @item dst |
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1129 @code{t} if daylight savings time is effect, otherwise @code{nil}. |
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1130 @item zone |
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1131 An integer indicating the time zone, as the number of seconds east of |
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1132 Greenwich. |
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1133 @end table |
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1134 |
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1135 @strong{Common Lisp Note:} Common Lisp has different meanings for |
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1136 @var{dow} and @var{zone}. |
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1137 @end defun |
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1138 |
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1139 @defun encode-time seconds minutes hour day month year &optional zone |
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1140 This function is the inverse of @code{decode-time}. It converts seven |
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1141 items of calendrical data into a time value. For the meanings of the |
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1142 arguments, see the table above under @code{decode-time}. |
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1143 |
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1144 Year numbers less than 100 are not treated specially. If you want them |
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1145 to stand for years above 1900, or years above 2000, you must alter them |
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1146 yourself before you call @code{encode-time}. |
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|
1147 |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1148 The optional argument @var{zone} defaults to the current time zone and |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
64889
diff
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|
1149 its daylight savings time rules. If specified, it can be either a list |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1150 (as you would get from @code{current-time-zone}), a string as in the |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1151 @code{TZ} environment variable, @code{t} for Universal Time, or an |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1152 integer (as you would get from @code{decode-time}). The specified |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1153 zone is used without any further alteration for daylight savings time. |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1154 |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1155 If you pass more than seven arguments to @code{encode-time}, the first |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1156 six are used as @var{seconds} through @var{year}, the last argument is |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1157 used as @var{zone}, and the arguments in between are ignored. This |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1158 feature makes it possible to use the elements of a list returned by |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1159 @code{decode-time} as the arguments to @code{encode-time}, like this: |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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diff
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|
1160 |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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|
1161 @example |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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diff
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|
1162 (apply 'encode-time (decode-time @dots{})) |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1163 @end example |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1164 |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1165 You can perform simple date arithmetic by using out-of-range values for |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1166 the @var{seconds}, @var{minutes}, @var{hour}, @var{day}, and @var{month} |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1167 arguments; for example, day 0 means the day preceding the given month. |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1168 |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1169 The operating system puts limits on the range of possible time values; |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1170 if you try to encode a time that is out of range, an error results. |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1171 For instance, years before 1970 do not work on some systems; |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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parents:
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|
1172 on others, years as early as 1901 do work. |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1173 @end defun |
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(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1174 |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
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|
1175 @node Time Parsing |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1176 @section Parsing and Formatting Times |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1177 |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1178 These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers) |
6ed6c1b79d36
(Time Parsing): New node split out of Time Conversion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1179 to text in a string, and vice versa. |
15778
c96cee4f8be8
Explain range of time values, and what negative year numbers mean.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1180 |
43037
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1181 @defun date-to-time string |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1182 This function parses the time-string @var{string} and returns the |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1183 corresponding time value. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1184 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1185 |
26242 | 1186 @defun format-time-string format-string &optional time universal |
1187 This function converts @var{time} (or the current time, if @var{time} is | |
1188 omitted) to a string according to @var{format-string}. The argument | |
1189 @var{format-string} may contain @samp{%}-sequences which say to | |
1190 substitute parts of the time. Here is a table of what the | |
1191 @samp{%}-sequences mean: | |
12067 | 1192 |
1193 @table @samp | |
1194 @item %a | |
1195 This stands for the abbreviated name of the day of week. | |
1196 @item %A | |
1197 This stands for the full name of the day of week. | |
1198 @item %b | |
1199 This stands for the abbreviated name of the month. | |
1200 @item %B | |
1201 This stands for the full name of the month. | |
1202 @item %c | |
1203 This is a synonym for @samp{%x %X}. | |
1204 @item %C | |
12098 | 1205 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named C), it |
1206 is equivalent to @samp{%A, %B %e, %Y}. | |
12067 | 1207 @item %d |
1208 This stands for the day of month, zero-padded. | |
1209 @item %D | |
1210 This is a synonym for @samp{%m/%d/%y}. | |
1211 @item %e | |
1212 This stands for the day of month, blank-padded. | |
1213 @item %h | |
1214 This is a synonym for @samp{%b}. | |
1215 @item %H | |
1216 This stands for the hour (00-23). | |
1217 @item %I | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1218 This stands for the hour (01-12). |
12067 | 1219 @item %j |
1220 This stands for the day of the year (001-366). | |
1221 @item %k | |
1222 This stands for the hour (0-23), blank padded. | |
1223 @item %l | |
1224 This stands for the hour (1-12), blank padded. | |
1225 @item %m | |
1226 This stands for the month (01-12). | |
1227 @item %M | |
1228 This stands for the minute (00-59). | |
1229 @item %n | |
1230 This stands for a newline. | |
1231 @item %p | |
1232 This stands for @samp{AM} or @samp{PM}, as appropriate. | |
1233 @item %r | |
1234 This is a synonym for @samp{%I:%M:%S %p}. | |
1235 @item %R | |
1236 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M}. | |
1237 @item %S | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1238 This stands for the seconds (00-59). |
12067 | 1239 @item %t |
1240 This stands for a tab character. | |
1241 @item %T | |
1242 This is a synonym for @samp{%H:%M:%S}. | |
1243 @item %U | |
1244 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks | |
1245 start on Sunday. | |
1246 @item %w | |
1247 This stands for the numeric day of week (0-6). Sunday is day 0. | |
1248 @item %W | |
1249 This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that weeks | |
1250 start on Monday. | |
1251 @item %x | |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1252 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1253 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%D}. |
12067 | 1254 @item %X |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1255 This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale (named |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1256 @samp{C}), it is equivalent to @samp{%T}. |
12067 | 1257 @item %y |
1258 This stands for the year without century (00-99). | |
1259 @item %Y | |
1260 This stands for the year with century. | |
1261 @item %Z | |
1262 This stands for the time zone abbreviation. | |
1263 @end table | |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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diff
changeset
|
1264 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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diff
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|
1265 You can also specify the field width and type of padding for any of |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
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|
1266 these @samp{%}-sequences. This works as in @code{printf}: you write |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1267 the field width as digits in the middle of a @samp{%}-sequences. If you |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1268 start the field width with @samp{0}, it means to pad with zeros. If you |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1269 start the field width with @samp{_}, it means to pad with spaces. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1270 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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diff
changeset
|
1271 For example, @samp{%S} specifies the number of seconds since the minute; |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1272 @samp{%03S} means to pad this with zeros to 3 positions, @samp{%_3S} to |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
changeset
|
1273 pad with spaces to 3 positions. Plain @samp{%3S} pads with zeros, |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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20103
diff
changeset
|
1274 because that is how @samp{%S} normally pads to two positions. |
26242 | 1275 |
1276 The characters @samp{E} and @samp{O} act as modifiers when used between | |
1277 @samp{%} and one of the letters in the table above. @samp{E} specifies | |
26288 | 1278 using the current locale's ``alternative'' version of the date and time. |
1279 In a Japanese locale, for example, @code{%Ex} might yield a date format | |
1280 based on the Japanese Emperors' reigns. @samp{E} is allowed in | |
1281 @samp{%Ec}, @samp{%EC}, @samp{%Ex}, @samp{%EX}, @samp{%Ey}, and | |
1282 @samp{%EY}. | |
26242 | 1283 |
26288 | 1284 @samp{O} means to use the current locale's ``alternative'' |
1285 representation of numbers, instead of the ordinary decimal digits. This | |
1286 is allowed with most letters, all the ones that output numbers. | |
26242 | 1287 |
1288 If @var{universal} is non-@code{nil}, that means to describe the time as | |
1289 Universal Time; @code{nil} means describe it using what Emacs believes | |
1290 is the local time zone (see @code{current-time-zone}). | |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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26288
diff
changeset
|
1291 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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diff
changeset
|
1292 This function uses the C library function @code{strftime} to do most of |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1293 the work. In order to communicate with that function, it first encodes |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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|
1294 its argument using the coding system specified by |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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|
1295 @code{locale-coding-system} (@pxref{Locales}); after @code{strftime} |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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|
1296 returns the resulting string, @code{format-time-string} decodes the |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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|
1297 string using that same coding system. |
12067 | 1298 @end defun |
1299 | |
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|
1300 @defun seconds-to-time seconds |
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|
1301 This function converts @var{seconds}, a floating point number of |
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|
1302 seconds since the epoch, to a time value and returns that. To perform |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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|
1303 the inverse conversion, use @code{float-time}. |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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1304 @end defun |
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|
1305 |
57989
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|
1306 @node Processor Run Time |
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|
1307 @section Processor Run time |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1308 |
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|
1309 @defun get-internal-run-time |
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|
1310 This function returns the processor run time used by Emacs as a list |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1311 of three integers: @code{(@var{high} @var{low} @var{microsec})}. The |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1312 integers @var{high} and @var{low} combine to give the number of |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1313 seconds, which is |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1314 @ifnottex |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1315 @var{high} * 2**16 + @var{low}. |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1316 @end ifnottex |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1317 @tex |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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changeset
|
1318 $high*2^{16}+low$. |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1319 @end tex |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1320 |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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changeset
|
1321 The third element, @var{microsec}, gives the microseconds (or 0 for |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1322 systems that return time with the resolution of only one second). |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1323 |
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(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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changeset
|
1324 If the system doesn't provide a way to determine the processor run |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1325 time, get-internal-run-time returns the same time as current-time. |
2f160b3f3283
(Processor Run Time): New section documenting get-internal-run-time.
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|
1326 @end defun |
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|
1327 |
43037
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1328 @node Time Calculations |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1329 @section Time Calculations |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1330 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1331 These functions perform calendrical computations using time values |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1332 (the kind of list that @code{current-time} returns). |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1333 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1334 @defun time-less-p t1 t2 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1335 This returns @code{t} if time value @var{t1} is less than time value |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1336 @var{t2}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1337 @end defun |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1338 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1339 @defun time-subtract t1 t2 |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1340 This returns the time difference @var{t1} @minus{} @var{t2} between |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1341 two time values, in the same format as a time value. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1342 @end defun |
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Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1343 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1344 @defun time-add t1 t2 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1345 This returns the sum of two time values, one of which ought to |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1346 represent a time difference rather than a point in time. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1347 Here is how to add a number of seconds to a time value: |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1348 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1349 @example |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1350 (time-add @var{time} (seconds-to-time @var{seconds})) |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1351 @end example |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1352 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1353 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1354 @defun time-to-days time |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1355 This function returns the number of days between the beginning of year |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1356 1 and @var{time}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1357 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1358 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1359 @defun time-to-day-in-year time |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1360 This returns the day number within the year corresponding to @var{time}. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1361 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1362 |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
40311
diff
changeset
|
1363 @defun date-leap-year-p year |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1364 This function returns @code{t} if @var{year} is a leap year. |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1365 @end defun |
2f863ec2724c
Document date-to-time and seconds-to-time.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1366 |
6558 | 1367 @node Timers |
12098 | 1368 @section Timers for Delayed Execution |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1369 @cindex timer |
6558 | 1370 |
50654
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1371 You can set up a @dfn{timer} to call a function at a specified |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1372 future time or after a certain length of idleness. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1373 |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1374 Emacs cannot run timers at any arbitrary point in a Lisp program; it |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1375 can run them only when Emacs could accept output from a subprocess: |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1376 namely, while waiting or inside certain primitive functions such as |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1377 @code{sit-for} or @code{read-event} which @emph{can} wait. Therefore, a |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1378 timer's execution may be delayed if Emacs is busy. However, the time of |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1379 execution is very precise if Emacs is idle. |
6558 | 1380 |
50654
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1381 Emacs binds @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{t} before calling the timer |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1382 function, because quitting out of many timer functions can leave |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1383 things in an inconsistent state. This is normally unproblematical |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1384 because most timer functions don't do a lot of work. Indeed, for a |
54037 | 1385 timer to call a function that takes substantial time to run is likely |
50654
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1386 to be annoying. |
07caa9606def
(Timers): Explain about timers and quitting.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50475
diff
changeset
|
1387 |
59270
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59190
diff
changeset
|
1388 It is usually a bad idea for timer functions to alter buffer |
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59190
diff
changeset
|
1389 contents. When they do, they usually should call @code{undo-boundary} |
08777d10acff
(Timers): Update previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59190
diff
changeset
|
1390 both before and after changing the buffer, to separate the timer's |
59390
70a8ca9b81e0
(Timers): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59270
diff
changeset
|
1391 changes from user commands' changes and prevent a single undo entry |
70a8ca9b81e0
(Timers): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59270
diff
changeset
|
1392 from growing to be quite large. |
59190
6142d449ffb8
(Timers): Discuss timers vs editing the buffer and undo.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57989
diff
changeset
|
1393 |
63525
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
60996
diff
changeset
|
1394 If a timer function calls functions that can change the match data, |
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
60996
diff
changeset
|
1395 it should save and restore the match data. @xref{Saving Match Data}. |
da42b07587f1
(Timers): Timers should save and restore the match data if they change it.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
60996
diff
changeset
|
1396 |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1397 @deffn Command run-at-time time repeat function &rest args |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1398 This sets up a timer that calls the function @var{function} with |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1399 arguments @var{args} at time @var{time}. If @var{repeat} is a number |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1400 (integer or floating point), the timer also runs every @var{repeat} |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1401 seconds after that. If @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, the timer runs |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1402 only once. |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1403 |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1404 @var{time} may specify an absolute or a relative time. |
6558 | 1405 |
22252
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1406 Absolute times may be specified in a wide variety of formats; this |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1407 function tries to accept all the commonly used date formats. The most |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1408 convenient formats are strings. Valid such formats include these two, |
22138
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1409 |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1410 @example |
d4ac295a98b3
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1411 @var{year}-@var{month}-@var{day} @var{hour}:@var{min}:@var{sec} @var{timezone} |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1412 |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1413 @var{hour}:@var{min}:@var{sec} @var{timezone} @var{month}/@var{day}/@var{year} |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1414 @end example |
d4ac295a98b3
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diff
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|
1415 |
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diff
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|
1416 @noindent |
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diff
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|
1417 where in both examples all fields are numbers; the format that |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1418 @code{current-time-string} returns is also allowed, and many others |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1419 as well. |
6558 | 1420 |
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6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
changeset
|
1421 To specify a relative time as a string, use numbers followed by units. |
6558 | 1422 For example: |
1423 | |
1424 @table @samp | |
1425 @item 1 min | |
1426 denotes 1 minute from now. | |
1427 @item 1 min 5 sec | |
1428 denotes 65 seconds from now. | |
1429 @item 1 min 2 sec 3 hour 4 day 5 week 6 fortnight 7 month 8 year | |
1430 denotes exactly 103 months, 123 days, and 10862 seconds from now. | |
1431 @end table | |
1432 | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1433 For relative time values, Emacs considers a month to be exactly thirty |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1434 days, and a year to be exactly 365.25 days. |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1435 |
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Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
changeset
|
1436 Not all convenient formats are strings. If @var{time} is a number |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1437 (integer or floating point), that specifies a relative time measured |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
changeset
|
1438 in seconds. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
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diff
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|
1439 |
66d807bdc5b4
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diff
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|
1440 In most cases, @var{repeat} has no effect on when @emph{first} call |
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
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|
1441 takes place---@var{time} alone specifies that. There is one exception: |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1442 if @var{time} is @code{t}, then the timer runs whenever the time is a |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
20103
diff
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|
1443 multiple of @var{repeat} seconds after the epoch. This is useful for |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
20103
diff
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|
1444 functions like @code{display-time}. |
9009 | 1445 |
1446 The function @code{run-at-time} returns a timer value that identifies | |
1447 the particular scheduled future action. You can use this value to call | |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
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parents:
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diff
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|
1448 @code{cancel-timer} (see below). |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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diff
changeset
|
1449 @end deffn |
6558 | 1450 |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1451 @defmac with-timeout (seconds timeout-forms@dots{}) body@dots{} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
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|
1452 Execute @var{body}, but give up after @var{seconds} seconds. If |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1453 @var{body} finishes before the time is up, @code{with-timeout} returns |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1454 the value of the last form in @var{body}. If, however, the execution of |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1455 @var{body} is cut short by the timeout, then @code{with-timeout} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1456 executes all the @var{timeout-forms} and returns the value of the last |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1457 of them. |
9305e83c313d
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1458 |
22138
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diff
changeset
|
1459 This macro works by setting a timer to run after @var{seconds} seconds. If |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1460 @var{body} finishes before that time, it cancels the timer. If the |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1461 timer actually runs, it terminates execution of @var{body}, then |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1462 executes @var{timeout-forms}. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1463 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1464 Since timers can run within a Lisp program only when the program calls a |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1465 primitive that can wait, @code{with-timeout} cannot stop executing |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1466 @var{body} while it is in the midst of a computation---only when it |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1467 calls one of those primitives. So use @code{with-timeout} only with a |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1468 @var{body} that waits for input, not one that does a long computation. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1469 @end defmac |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1470 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1471 The function @code{y-or-n-p-with-timeout} provides a simple way to use |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1472 a timer to avoid waiting too long for an answer. @xref{Yes-or-No |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1473 Queries}. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1474 |
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6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1475 @deffn Command run-with-idle-timer secs repeat function &rest args |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1476 Set up a timer which runs when Emacs has been idle for @var{secs} |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1477 seconds. The value of @var{secs} may be an integer or a floating point |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1478 number. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1479 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1480 If @var{repeat} is @code{nil}, the timer runs just once, the first time |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1481 Emacs remains idle for a long enough time. More often @var{repeat} is |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1482 non-@code{nil}, which means to run the timer @emph{each time} Emacs |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1483 remains idle for @var{secs} seconds. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1484 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1485 The function @code{run-with-idle-timer} returns a timer value which you |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1486 can use in calling @code{cancel-timer} (see below). |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1487 @end deffn |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1488 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1489 @cindex idleness |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1490 Emacs becomes ``idle'' when it starts waiting for user input, and it |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1491 remains idle until the user provides some input. If a timer is set for |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1492 five seconds of idleness, it runs approximately five seconds after Emacs |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1493 first becomes idle. Even if @var{repeat} is non-@code{nil}, this timer |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1494 will not run again as long as Emacs remains idle, because the duration |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1495 of idleness will continue to increase and will not go down to five |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1496 seconds again. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1497 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1498 Emacs can do various things while idle: garbage collect, autosave or |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1499 handle data from a subprocess. But these interludes during idleness do |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1500 not interfere with idle timers, because they do not reset the clock of |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1501 idleness to zero. An idle timer set for 600 seconds will run when ten |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1502 minutes have elapsed since the last user command was finished, even if |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1503 subprocess output has been accepted thousands of times within those ten |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25479
diff
changeset
|
1504 minutes, and even if there have been garbage collections and autosaves. |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1505 |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1506 When the user supplies input, Emacs becomes non-idle while executing the |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1507 input. Then it becomes idle again, and all the idle timers that are |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1508 set up to repeat will subsequently run another time, one by one. |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1509 |
6558 | 1510 @defun cancel-timer timer |
1511 Cancel the requested action for @var{timer}, which should be a value | |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1512 previously returned by @code{run-at-time} or @code{run-with-idle-timer}. |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1513 This cancels the effect of that call to one of these functions; the |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1514 arrival of the specified time will not cause anything special to happen. |
6558 | 1515 @end defun |
1516 | |
1517 @node Terminal Input | |
1518 @section Terminal Input | |
1519 @cindex terminal input | |
1520 | |
1521 This section describes functions and variables for recording or | |
1522 manipulating terminal input. See @ref{Display}, for related | |
1523 functions. | |
1524 | |
1525 @menu | |
1526 * Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed. | |
1527 * Translating Input:: Low level conversion of some characters or events | |
1528 into others. | |
1529 * Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events. | |
1530 @end menu | |
1531 | |
1532 @node Input Modes | |
1533 @subsection Input Modes | |
1534 @cindex input modes | |
1535 @cindex terminal input modes | |
1536 | |
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Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1537 @defun set-input-mode interrupt flow meta &optional quit-char |
6558 | 1538 This function sets the mode for reading keyboard input. If |
1539 @var{interrupt} is non-null, then Emacs uses input interrupts. If it is | |
21682
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1540 @code{nil}, then it uses @sc{cbreak} mode. The default setting is |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1541 system-dependent. Some systems always use @sc{cbreak} mode regardless |
21682
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1542 of what is specified. |
6558 | 1543 |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1544 When Emacs communicates directly with X, it ignores this argument and |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1545 uses interrupts if that is the way it knows how to communicate. |
6558 | 1546 |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1547 If @var{flow} is non-@code{nil}, then Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1548 (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s}) flow control for output to the terminal. This |
60269
cf30c1463800
(Startup Summary): Correct the options; add missing ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59390
diff
changeset
|
1549 has no effect except in @sc{cbreak} mode. |
6558 | 1550 |
1551 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1552 The argument @var{meta} controls support for input character codes | |
1553 above 127. If @var{meta} is @code{t}, Emacs converts characters with | |
1554 the 8th bit set into Meta characters. If @var{meta} is @code{nil}, | |
1555 Emacs disregards the 8th bit; this is necessary when the terminal uses | |
1556 it as a parity bit. If @var{meta} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, | |
1557 Emacs uses all 8 bits of input unchanged. This is good for terminals | |
21682
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1558 that use 8-bit character sets. |
6558 | 1559 |
1560 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1561 If @var{quit-char} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the character to | |
1562 use for quitting. Normally this character is @kbd{C-g}. | |
1563 @xref{Quitting}. | |
1564 @end defun | |
1565 | |
1566 The @code{current-input-mode} function returns the input mode settings | |
1567 Emacs is currently using. | |
1568 | |
1569 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1570 @defun current-input-mode | |
25751
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1571 This function returns the current mode for reading keyboard input. It |
6558 | 1572 returns a list, corresponding to the arguments of @code{set-input-mode}, |
1573 of the form @code{(@var{interrupt} @var{flow} @var{meta} @var{quit})} in | |
1574 which: | |
1575 @table @var | |
1576 @item interrupt | |
1577 is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is using interrupt-driven input. If | |
1578 @code{nil}, Emacs is using @sc{cbreak} mode. | |
1579 @item flow | |
1580 is non-@code{nil} if Emacs uses @sc{xon/xoff} (@kbd{C-q}, @kbd{C-s}) | |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1581 flow control for output to the terminal. This value is meaningful only |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1582 when @var{interrupt} is @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1583 @item meta |
12098 | 1584 is @code{t} if Emacs treats the eighth bit of input characters as |
6558 | 1585 the meta bit; @code{nil} means Emacs clears the eighth bit of every |
1586 input character; any other value means Emacs uses all eight bits as the | |
1587 basic character code. | |
1588 @item quit | |
1589 is the character Emacs currently uses for quitting, usually @kbd{C-g}. | |
1590 @end table | |
1591 @end defun | |
1592 | |
1593 @node Translating Input | |
1594 @subsection Translating Input Events | |
1595 @cindex translating input events | |
1596 | |
15762
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1597 This section describes features for translating input events into |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1598 other input events before they become part of key sequences. These |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1599 features apply to each event in the order they are described here: each |
9305e83c313d
Lots of timer feature updates.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
13367
diff
changeset
|
1600 event is first modified according to @code{extra-keyboard-modifiers}, |
21682
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1601 then translated through @code{keyboard-translate-table} (if applicable), |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1602 and finally decoded with the specified keyboard coding system. If it is |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1603 being read as part of a key sequence, it is then added to the sequence |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1604 being read; then subsequences containing it are checked first with |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1605 @code{function-key-map} and then with @code{key-translation-map}. |
6558 | 1606 |
1607 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1608 @defvar extra-keyboard-modifiers | |
1609 This variable lets Lisp programs ``press'' the modifier keys on the | |
56369
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1610 keyboard. The value is a character. Only the modifiers of the |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1611 character matter. Each time the user types a keyboard key, it is |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1612 altered as if those modifier keys were held down. For instance, if |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
56353
diff
changeset
|
1613 you bind @code{extra-keyboard-modifiers} to @code{?\C-\M-a}, then all |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1614 keyboard input characters typed during the scope of the binding will |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1615 have the control and meta modifiers applied to them. The character |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1616 @code{?\C-@@}, equivalent to the integer 0, does not count as a control |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1617 character for this purpose, but as a character with no modifiers. |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1618 Thus, setting @code{extra-keyboard-modifiers} to zero cancels any |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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changeset
|
1619 modification. |
6558 | 1620 |
21682
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|
1621 When using a window system, the program can ``press'' any of the |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
1622 modifier keys in this way. Otherwise, only the @key{CTL} and @key{META} |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1623 keys can be virtually pressed. |
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changeset
|
1624 |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1625 Note that this variable applies only to events that really come from |
6578797626ea
Various small changes in addition to:
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changeset
|
1626 the keyboard, and has no effect on mouse events or any other events. |
6558 | 1627 @end defvar |
1628 | |
1629 @defvar keyboard-translate-table | |
1630 This variable is the translate table for keyboard characters. It lets | |
1631 you reshuffle the keys on the keyboard without changing any command | |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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20103
diff
changeset
|
1632 bindings. Its value is normally a char-table, or else @code{nil}. |
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|
1633 (It can also be a string or vector, but this is considered obsolete.) |
6558 | 1634 |
25751
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|
1635 If @code{keyboard-translate-table} is a char-table |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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|
1636 (@pxref{Char-Tables}), then each character read from the keyboard is |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
1637 looked up in this char-table. If the value found there is |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
1638 non-@code{nil}, then it is used instead of the actual input character. |
6558 | 1639 |
1640 Note that this translation is the first thing that happens to a | |
1641 character after it is read from the terminal. Record-keeping features | |
1642 such as @code{recent-keys} and dribble files record the characters after | |
1643 translation. | |
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6578797626ea
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|
1644 |
6578797626ea
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1645 Note also that this translation is done before the characters are |
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1646 supplied to input methods (@pxref{Input Methods}). Use |
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1647 @code{translation-table-for-input} (@pxref{Translation of Characters}), |
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1648 if you want to translate characters after input methods operate. |
6558 | 1649 @end defvar |
1650 | |
1651 @defun keyboard-translate from to | |
1652 This function modifies @code{keyboard-translate-table} to translate | |
1653 character code @var{from} into character code @var{to}. It creates | |
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1654 the keyboard translate table if necessary. |
6558 | 1655 @end defun |
1656 | |
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1657 Here's an example of using the @code{keyboard-translate-table} to |
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1658 make @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-c} and @kbd{C-v} perform the cut, copy and paste |
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1659 operations: |
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1660 |
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1661 @example |
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1662 (keyboard-translate ?\C-x 'control-x) |
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1663 (keyboard-translate ?\C-c 'control-c) |
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1664 (keyboard-translate ?\C-v 'control-v) |
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1665 (global-set-key [control-x] 'kill-region) |
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1666 (global-set-key [control-c] 'kill-ring-save) |
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1667 (global-set-key [control-v] 'yank) |
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1668 @end example |
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1669 |
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1670 @noindent |
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1671 On a graphical terminal that supports extended @acronym{ASCII} input, |
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1672 you can still get the standard Emacs meanings of one of those |
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1673 characters by typing it with the shift key. That makes it a different |
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1674 character as far as keyboard translation is concerned, but it has the |
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1675 same usual meaning. |
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1676 |
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1677 The remaining translation features translate subsequences of key |
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1678 sequences being read. They are implemented in @code{read-key-sequence} |
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1679 and have no effect on input read with @code{read-event}. |
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1680 |
6558 | 1681 @defvar function-key-map |
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1682 This variable holds a keymap that describes the character sequences sent |
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1683 by function keys on an ordinary character terminal. This keymap has the |
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1684 same structure as other keymaps, but is used differently: it specifies |
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1685 translations to make while reading key sequences, rather than bindings |
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1686 for key sequences. |
6558 | 1687 |
1688 If @code{function-key-map} ``binds'' a key sequence @var{k} to a vector | |
1689 @var{v}, then when @var{k} appears as a subsequence @emph{anywhere} in a | |
1690 key sequence, it is replaced with the events in @var{v}. | |
1691 | |
1692 For example, VT100 terminals send @kbd{@key{ESC} O P} when the | |
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1693 keypad @key{PF1} key is pressed. Therefore, we want Emacs to translate |
6558 | 1694 that sequence of events into the single event @code{pf1}. We accomplish |
1695 this by ``binding'' @kbd{@key{ESC} O P} to @code{[pf1]} in | |
1696 @code{function-key-map}, when using a VT100. | |
1697 | |
1698 Thus, typing @kbd{C-c @key{PF1}} sends the character sequence @kbd{C-c | |
1699 @key{ESC} O P}; later the function @code{read-key-sequence} translates | |
1700 this back into @kbd{C-c @key{PF1}}, which it returns as the vector | |
1701 @code{[?\C-c pf1]}. | |
1702 | |
1703 Entries in @code{function-key-map} are ignored if they conflict with | |
1704 bindings made in the minor mode, local, or global keymaps. The intent | |
1705 is that the character sequences that function keys send should not have | |
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1706 command bindings in their own right---but if they do, the ordinary |
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1707 bindings take priority. |
6558 | 1708 |
1709 The value of @code{function-key-map} is usually set up automatically | |
1710 according to the terminal's Terminfo or Termcap entry, but sometimes | |
1711 those need help from terminal-specific Lisp files. Emacs comes with | |
1712 terminal-specific files for many common terminals; their main purpose is | |
1713 to make entries in @code{function-key-map} beyond those that can be | |
1714 deduced from Termcap and Terminfo. @xref{Terminal-Specific}. | |
1715 @end defvar | |
1716 | |
1717 @defvar key-translation-map | |
1718 This variable is another keymap used just like @code{function-key-map} | |
1719 to translate input events into other events. It differs from | |
1720 @code{function-key-map} in two ways: | |
1721 | |
1722 @itemize @bullet | |
1723 @item | |
1724 @code{key-translation-map} goes to work after @code{function-key-map} is | |
1725 finished; it receives the results of translation by | |
1726 @code{function-key-map}. | |
1727 | |
1728 @item | |
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1729 Non-prefix bindings in @code{key-translation-map} override actual key |
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1730 bindings. For example, if @kbd{C-x f} has a non-prefix binding in |
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1731 @code{key-translation-map}, that translation takes effect even though |
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1732 @kbd{C-x f} also has a key binding in the global map. |
6558 | 1733 @end itemize |
1734 | |
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1735 Note however that actual key bindings can have an effect on |
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1736 @code{key-translation-map}, even though they are overridden by it. |
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1737 Indeed, actual key bindings override @code{function-key-map} and thus |
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1738 may alter the key sequence that @code{key-translation-map} receives. |
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1739 Clearly, it is better to avoid this type of situation. |
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1740 |
6558 | 1741 The intent of @code{key-translation-map} is for users to map one |
1742 character set to another, including ordinary characters normally bound | |
1743 to @code{self-insert-command}. | |
1744 @end defvar | |
1745 | |
1746 @cindex key translation function | |
1747 You can use @code{function-key-map} or @code{key-translation-map} for | |
1748 more than simple aliases, by using a function, instead of a key | |
1749 sequence, as the ``translation'' of a key. Then this function is called | |
1750 to compute the translation of that key. | |
1751 | |
1752 The key translation function receives one argument, which is the prompt | |
1753 that was specified in @code{read-key-sequence}---or @code{nil} if the | |
1754 key sequence is being read by the editor command loop. In most cases | |
1755 you can ignore the prompt value. | |
1756 | |
1757 If the function reads input itself, it can have the effect of altering | |
1758 the event that follows. For example, here's how to define @kbd{C-c h} | |
1759 to turn the character that follows into a Hyper character: | |
1760 | |
1761 @example | |
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1762 @group |
6558 | 1763 (defun hyperify (prompt) |
1764 (let ((e (read-event))) | |
1765 (vector (if (numberp e) | |
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1766 (logior (lsh 1 24) e) |
6558 | 1767 (if (memq 'hyper (event-modifiers e)) |
1768 e | |
1769 (add-event-modifier "H-" e)))))) | |
1770 | |
1771 (defun add-event-modifier (string e) | |
1772 (let ((symbol (if (symbolp e) e (car e)))) | |
1773 (setq symbol (intern (concat string | |
1774 (symbol-name symbol)))) | |
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1775 @end group |
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1776 @group |
6558 | 1777 (if (symbolp e) |
1778 symbol | |
1779 (cons symbol (cdr e))))) | |
1780 | |
1781 (define-key function-key-map "\C-ch" 'hyperify) | |
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1782 @end group |
6558 | 1783 @end example |
1784 | |
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1785 Finally, if you have enabled keyboard character set decoding using |
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1786 @code{set-keyboard-coding-system}, decoding is done after the |
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1787 translations listed above. @xref{Terminal I/O Encoding}. In future |
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1788 Emacs versions, character set decoding may be done before the other |
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1789 translations. |
6558 | 1790 |
1791 @node Recording Input | |
1792 @subsection Recording Input | |
1793 | |
1794 @defun recent-keys | |
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1795 This function returns a vector containing the last 100 input events from |
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1796 the keyboard or mouse. All input events are included, whether or not |
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1797 they were used as parts of key sequences. Thus, you always get the last |
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1798 100 input events, not counting events generated by keyboard macros. |
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1799 (These are excluded because they are less interesting for debugging; it |
9009 | 1800 should be enough to see the events that invoked the macros.) |
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1801 |
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1802 A call to @code{clear-this-command-keys} (@pxref{Command Loop Info}) |
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1803 causes this function to return an empty vector immediately afterward. |
6558 | 1804 @end defun |
1805 | |
26242 | 1806 @deffn Command open-dribble-file filename |
6558 | 1807 @cindex dribble file |
1808 This function opens a @dfn{dribble file} named @var{filename}. When a | |
1809 dribble file is open, each input event from the keyboard or mouse (but | |
1810 not those from keyboard macros) is written in that file. A | |
1811 non-character event is expressed using its printed representation | |
1812 surrounded by @samp{<@dots{}>}. | |
1813 | |
1814 You close the dribble file by calling this function with an argument | |
1815 of @code{nil}. | |
1816 | |
1817 This function is normally used to record the input necessary to | |
1818 trigger an Emacs bug, for the sake of a bug report. | |
1819 | |
1820 @example | |
1821 @group | |
1822 (open-dribble-file "~/dribble") | |
1823 @result{} nil | |
1824 @end group | |
1825 @end example | |
1826 @end deffn | |
1827 | |
1828 See also the @code{open-termscript} function (@pxref{Terminal Output}). | |
1829 | |
1830 @node Terminal Output | |
1831 @section Terminal Output | |
1832 @cindex terminal output | |
1833 | |
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1834 The terminal output functions send output to a text terminal, or keep |
6558 | 1835 track of output sent to the terminal. The variable @code{baud-rate} |
1836 tells you what Emacs thinks is the output speed of the terminal. | |
1837 | |
1838 @defvar baud-rate | |
1839 This variable's value is the output speed of the terminal, as far as | |
1840 Emacs knows. Setting this variable does not change the speed of actual | |
1841 data transmission, but the value is used for calculations such as | |
1842 padding. It also affects decisions about whether to scroll part of the | |
9009 | 1843 screen or repaint---even when using a window system. (We designed it |
6558 | 1844 this way despite the fact that a window system has no true ``output |
1845 speed'', to give you a way to tune these decisions.) | |
1846 | |
1847 The value is measured in baud. | |
1848 @end defvar | |
1849 | |
1850 If you are running across a network, and different parts of the | |
1851 network work at different baud rates, the value returned by Emacs may be | |
1852 different from the value used by your local terminal. Some network | |
1853 protocols communicate the local terminal speed to the remote machine, so | |
1854 that Emacs and other programs can get the proper value, but others do | |
1855 not. If Emacs has the wrong value, it makes decisions that are less | |
1856 than optimal. To fix the problem, set @code{baud-rate}. | |
1857 | |
1858 @defun baud-rate | |
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1859 This obsolete function returns the value of the variable |
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1860 @code{baud-rate}. |
6558 | 1861 @end defun |
1862 | |
1863 @defun send-string-to-terminal string | |
1864 This function sends @var{string} to the terminal without alteration. | |
1865 Control characters in @var{string} have terminal-dependent effects. | |
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1866 This function operates only on text terminals. |
6558 | 1867 |
1868 One use of this function is to define function keys on terminals that | |
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1869 have downloadable function key definitions. For example, this is how (on |
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1870 certain terminals) to define function key 4 to move forward four |
6558 | 1871 characters (by transmitting the characters @kbd{C-u C-f} to the |
1872 computer): | |
1873 | |
1874 @example | |
1875 @group | |
1876 (send-string-to-terminal "\eF4\^U\^F") | |
1877 @result{} nil | |
1878 @end group | |
1879 @end example | |
1880 @end defun | |
1881 | |
1882 @deffn Command open-termscript filename | |
1883 @cindex termscript file | |
1884 This function is used to open a @dfn{termscript file} that will record | |
1885 all the characters sent by Emacs to the terminal. It returns | |
1886 @code{nil}. Termscript files are useful for investigating problems | |
1887 where Emacs garbles the screen, problems that are due to incorrect | |
1888 Termcap entries or to undesirable settings of terminal options more | |
1889 often than to actual Emacs bugs. Once you are certain which characters | |
1890 were actually output, you can determine reliably whether they correspond | |
1891 to the Termcap specifications in use. | |
1892 | |
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1893 You close the termscript file by calling this function with an |
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1894 argument of @code{nil}. |
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1895 |
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1896 See also @code{open-dribble-file} in @ref{Recording Input}. |
6558 | 1897 |
1898 @example | |
1899 @group | |
1900 (open-termscript "../junk/termscript") | |
1901 @result{} nil | |
1902 @end group | |
1903 @end example | |
1904 @end deffn | |
1905 | |
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1906 @node Sound Output |
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1907 @section Sound Output |
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1908 @cindex sound |
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1909 |
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1910 To play sound using Emacs, use the function @code{play-sound}. Only |
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1911 certain systems are supported; if you call @code{play-sound} on a system |
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1912 which cannot really do the job, it gives an error. Emacs version 20 and |
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1913 earlier did not support sound at all. |
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1914 |
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1915 The sound must be stored as a file in RIFF-WAVE format (@samp{.wav}) |
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1916 or Sun Audio format (@samp{.au}). |
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1917 |
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1918 @tindex play-sound |
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1919 @defun play-sound sound |
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1920 This function plays a specified sound. The argument, @var{sound}, has |
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1921 the form @code{(sound @var{properties}...)}, where the @var{properties} |
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1922 consist of alternating keywords (particular symbols recognized |
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1923 specially) and values corresponding to them. |
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1924 |
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1925 Here is a table of the keywords that are currently meaningful in |
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1926 @var{sound}, and their meanings: |
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1927 |
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1928 @table @code |
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1929 @item :file @var{file} |
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1930 This specifies the file containing the sound to play. |
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1931 If the file name is not absolute, it is expanded against |
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1932 the directory @code{data-directory}. |
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1933 |
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1934 @item :data @var{data} |
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1935 This specifies the sound to play without need to refer to a file. The |
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1936 value, @var{data}, should be a string containing the same bytes as a |
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1937 sound file. We recommend using a unibyte string. |
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1938 |
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1939 @item :volume @var{volume} |
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1940 This specifies how loud to play the sound. It should be a number in the |
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1941 range of 0 to 1. The default is to use whatever volume has been |
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1942 specified before. |
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1943 |
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1944 @item :device @var{device} |
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1945 This specifies the system device on which to play the sound, as a |
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1946 string. The default device is system-dependent. |
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1947 @end table |
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1948 |
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1949 Before actually playing the sound, @code{play-sound} |
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1950 calls the functions in the list @code{play-sound-functions}. |
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1951 Each function is called with one argument, @var{sound}. |
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1952 @end defun |
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1953 |
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1954 @defun play-sound-file file &optional volume device |
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1955 @tindex play-sound-file |
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1956 This function is an alternative interface to playing a sound @var{file} |
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1957 specifying an optional @var{volume} and @var{device}. |
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1958 @end defun |
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1959 |
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1960 @tindex play-sound-functions |
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1961 @defvar play-sound-functions |
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1962 A list of functions to be called before playing a sound. Each function |
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1963 is called with one argument, a property list that describes the sound. |
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1964 @end defvar |
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1965 |
46228 | 1966 @node X11 Keysyms |
1967 @section Operating on X11 Keysyms | |
6558 | 1968 |
1969 To define system-specific X11 keysyms, set the variable | |
1970 @code{system-key-alist}. | |
1971 | |
1972 @defvar system-key-alist | |
1973 This variable's value should be an alist with one element for each | |
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1974 system-specific keysym. Each element has the form @code{(@var{code} |
6558 | 1975 . @var{symbol})}, where @var{code} is the numeric keysym code (not |
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1976 including the ``vendor specific'' bit, |
27193 | 1977 @ifnottex |
24934 | 1978 -2**28), |
27193 | 1979 @end ifnottex |
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1980 @tex |
24934 | 1981 $-2^{28}$), |
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1982 @end tex |
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1983 and @var{symbol} is the name for the function key. |
6558 | 1984 |
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1985 For example @code{(168 . mute-acute)} defines a system-specific key (used |
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1986 by HP X servers) whose numeric code is |
27193 | 1987 @ifnottex |
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1988 -2**28 |
27193 | 1989 @end ifnottex |
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1990 @tex |
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1991 $-2^{28}$ |
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1992 @end tex |
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1993 + 168. |
6558 | 1994 |
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1995 It is not crucial to exclude from the alist the keysyms of other X |
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1996 servers; those do no harm, as long as they don't conflict with the ones |
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1997 used by the X server actually in use. |
12067 | 1998 |
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1999 The variable is always local to the current terminal, and cannot be |
12067 | 2000 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. |
6558 | 2001 @end defvar |
2002 | |
46228 | 2003 You can specify which keysyms Emacs should use for the Meta, Alt, Hyper, and Super modifiers by setting these variables: |
2004 | |
2005 @defvar x-alt-keysym | |
2006 @defvarx x-meta-keysym | |
2007 @defvarx x-hyper-keysym | |
2008 @defvarx x-super-keysym | |
2009 The name of the keysym that should stand for the Alt modifier | |
2010 (respectively, for Meta, Hyper, and Super). For example, here is | |
2011 how to swap the Meta and Alt modifiers within Emacs: | |
2012 @lisp | |
2013 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta) | |
2014 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt) | |
2015 @end lisp | |
2016 @end defvar | |
2017 | |
6558 | 2018 @node Batch Mode |
2019 @section Batch Mode | |
2020 @cindex batch mode | |
2021 @cindex noninteractive use | |
2022 | |
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2023 The command-line option @samp{-batch} causes Emacs to run |
6558 | 2024 noninteractively. In this mode, Emacs does not read commands from the |
2025 terminal, it does not alter the terminal modes, and it does not expect | |
2026 to be outputting to an erasable screen. The idea is that you specify | |
2027 Lisp programs to run; when they are finished, Emacs should exit. The | |
2028 way to specify the programs to run is with @samp{-l @var{file}}, which | |
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2029 loads the library named @var{file}, or @samp{-f @var{function}}, which |
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2030 calls @var{function} with no arguments, or @samp{--eval @var{form}}. |
6558 | 2031 |
2032 Any Lisp program output that would normally go to the echo area, | |
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2033 either using @code{message}, or using @code{prin1}, etc., with @code{t} |
12098 | 2034 as the stream, goes instead to Emacs's standard error descriptor when |
36873 | 2035 in batch mode. Similarly, input that would normally come from the |
2036 minibuffer is read from the standard input descriptor. | |
2037 Thus, Emacs behaves much like a noninteractive | |
6558 | 2038 application program. (The echo area output that Emacs itself normally |
2039 generates, such as command echoing, is suppressed entirely.) | |
2040 | |
2041 @defvar noninteractive | |
2042 This variable is non-@code{nil} when Emacs is running in batch mode. | |
2043 @end defvar | |
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2044 |
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2045 @node Session Management |
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2046 @section Session Management |
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2047 @cindex session manager |
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2048 |
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2049 Emacs supports the X Session Management Protocol for suspension and |
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2050 restart of applications. In the X Window System, a program called the |
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2051 @dfn{session manager} has the responsibility to keep track of the |
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2052 applications that are running. During shutdown, the session manager |
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2053 asks applications to save their state, and delays the actual shutdown |
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2054 until they respond. An application can also cancel the shutdown. |
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2055 |
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2056 When the session manager restarts a suspended session, it directs |
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2057 these applications to individually reload their saved state. It does |
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2058 this by specifying a special command-line argument that says what |
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2059 saved session to restore. For Emacs, this argument is @samp{--smid |
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2060 @var{session}}. |
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2061 |
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2062 @defvar emacs-save-session-functions |
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2063 @tindex emacs-save-session-functions |
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2064 Emacs supports saving state by using a hook called |
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2065 @code{emacs-save-session-functions}. Each function in this hook is |
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2066 called when the session manager tells Emacs that the window system is |
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2067 shutting down. The functions are called with no arguments and with the |
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2068 current buffer set to a temporary buffer. Each function can use |
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2069 @code{insert} to add Lisp code to this buffer. At the end, Emacs |
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2070 saves the buffer in a file that a subsequent Emacs invocation will |
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2071 load in order to restart the saved session. |
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2072 |
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2073 If a function in @code{emacs-save-session-functions} returns |
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2074 non-@code{nil}, Emacs tells the session manager to cancel the |
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2075 shutdown. |
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2076 @end defvar |
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2077 |
56353 | 2078 Here is an example that just inserts some text into @samp{*scratch*} when |
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2079 Emacs is restarted by the session manager. |
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2080 |
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2081 @example |
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2082 @group |
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2083 (add-hook 'emacs-save-session-functions 'save-yourself-test) |
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2084 @end group |
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2085 |
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2086 @group |
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2087 (defun save-yourself-test () |
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2088 (insert "(save-excursion |
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2089 (switch-to-buffer \"*scratch*\") |
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2090 (insert \"I am restored\"))") |
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2091 nil) |
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2092 @end group |
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2093 @end example |
52401 | 2094 |
2095 @ignore | |
2096 arch-tag: 8378814a-30d7-467c-9615-74a80b9988a7 | |
2097 @end ignore |