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annotate lispref/processes.texi @ 71768:c9706eb85193
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author | Nick Roberts <nickrob@snap.net.nz> |
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date | Mon, 10 Jul 2006 22:53:06 +0000 |
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6558 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2003, |
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4 @c 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6558 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/processes | |
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7 @node Processes, Display, Abbrevs, Top |
6558 | 8 @chapter Processes |
9 @cindex child process | |
10 @cindex parent process | |
11 @cindex subprocess | |
12 @cindex process | |
13 | |
14 In the terminology of operating systems, a @dfn{process} is a space in | |
15 which a program can execute. Emacs runs in a process. Emacs Lisp | |
16 programs can invoke other programs in processes of their own. These are | |
17 called @dfn{subprocesses} or @dfn{child processes} of the Emacs process, | |
18 which is their @dfn{parent process}. | |
19 | |
20 A subprocess of Emacs may be @dfn{synchronous} or @dfn{asynchronous}, | |
21 depending on how it is created. When you create a synchronous | |
22 subprocess, the Lisp program waits for the subprocess to terminate | |
23 before continuing execution. When you create an asynchronous | |
24 subprocess, it can run in parallel with the Lisp program. This kind of | |
25 subprocess is represented within Emacs by a Lisp object which is also | |
26 called a ``process''. Lisp programs can use this object to communicate | |
27 with the subprocess or to control it. For example, you can send | |
28 signals, obtain status information, receive output from the process, or | |
29 send input to it. | |
30 | |
31 @defun processp object | |
32 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a process, | |
33 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
34 @end defun | |
35 | |
36 @menu | |
37 * Subprocess Creation:: Functions that start subprocesses. | |
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38 * Shell Arguments:: Quoting an argument to pass it to a shell. |
6558 | 39 * Synchronous Processes:: Details of using synchronous subprocesses. |
40 * Asynchronous Processes:: Starting up an asynchronous subprocess. | |
41 * Deleting Processes:: Eliminating an asynchronous subprocess. | |
42 * Process Information:: Accessing run-status and other attributes. | |
43 * Input to Processes:: Sending input to an asynchronous subprocess. | |
44 * Signals to Processes:: Stopping, continuing or interrupting | |
45 an asynchronous subprocess. | |
46 * Output from Processes:: Collecting output from an asynchronous subprocess. | |
47 * Sentinels:: Sentinels run when process run-status changes. | |
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48 * Query Before Exit:: Whether to query if exiting will kill a process. |
6558 | 49 * Transaction Queues:: Transaction-based communication with subprocesses. |
12098 | 50 * Network:: Opening network connections. |
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51 * Network Servers:: Network servers let Emacs accept net connections. |
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52 * Datagrams:: UDP network connections. |
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53 * Low-Level Network:: Lower-level but more general function |
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54 to create connections and servers. |
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55 * Misc Network:: Additional relevant functions for network connections. |
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56 * Byte Packing:: Using bindat to pack and unpack binary data. |
6558 | 57 @end menu |
58 | |
59 @node Subprocess Creation | |
60 @section Functions that Create Subprocesses | |
61 | |
62 There are three functions that create a new subprocess in which to run | |
63 a program. One of them, @code{start-process}, creates an asynchronous | |
64 process and returns a process object (@pxref{Asynchronous Processes}). | |
65 The other two, @code{call-process} and @code{call-process-region}, | |
66 create a synchronous process and do not return a process object | |
67 (@pxref{Synchronous Processes}). | |
68 | |
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69 Synchronous and asynchronous processes are explained in the following |
6558 | 70 sections. Since the three functions are all called in a similar |
71 fashion, their common arguments are described here. | |
72 | |
73 @cindex execute program | |
74 @cindex @code{PATH} environment variable | |
75 @cindex @code{HOME} environment variable | |
76 In all cases, the function's @var{program} argument specifies the | |
77 program to be run. An error is signaled if the file is not found or | |
78 cannot be executed. If the file name is relative, the variable | |
79 @code{exec-path} contains a list of directories to search. Emacs | |
80 initializes @code{exec-path} when it starts up, based on the value of | |
81 the environment variable @code{PATH}. The standard file name | |
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82 constructs, @samp{~}, @samp{.}, and @samp{..}, are interpreted as |
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83 usual in @code{exec-path}, but environment variable substitutions |
6558 | 84 (@samp{$HOME}, etc.) are not recognized; use |
85 @code{substitute-in-file-name} to perform them (@pxref{File Name | |
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86 Expansion}). @code{nil} in this list refers to |
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87 @code{default-directory}. |
6558 | 88 |
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89 Executing a program can also try adding suffixes to the specified |
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90 name: |
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91 |
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92 @defvar exec-suffixes |
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93 This variable is a list of suffixes (strings) to try adding to the |
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94 specified program file name. The list should include @code{""} if you |
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95 want the name to be tried exactly as specified. The default value is |
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96 system-dependent. |
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97 @end defvar |
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98 |
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99 @strong{Please note:} The argument @var{program} contains only the |
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100 name of the program; it may not contain any command-line arguments. You |
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101 must use @var{args} to provide those. |
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102 |
6558 | 103 Each of the subprocess-creating functions has a @var{buffer-or-name} |
104 argument which specifies where the standard output from the program will | |
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105 go. It should be a buffer or a buffer name; if it is a buffer name, |
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106 that will create the buffer if it does not already exist. It can also |
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107 be @code{nil}, which says to discard the output unless a filter function |
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108 handles it. (@xref{Filter Functions}, and @ref{Read and Print}.) |
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109 Normally, you should avoid having multiple processes send output to the |
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110 same buffer because their output would be intermixed randomly. |
6558 | 111 |
112 @cindex program arguments | |
113 All three of the subprocess-creating functions have a @code{&rest} | |
114 argument, @var{args}. The @var{args} must all be strings, and they are | |
115 supplied to @var{program} as separate command line arguments. Wildcard | |
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116 characters and other shell constructs have no special meanings in these |
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117 strings, since the strings are passed directly to the specified program. |
6558 | 118 |
119 The subprocess gets its current directory from the value of | |
120 @code{default-directory} (@pxref{File Name Expansion}). | |
121 | |
122 @cindex environment variables, subprocesses | |
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123 The subprocess inherits its environment from Emacs, but you can |
6558 | 124 specify overrides for it with @code{process-environment}. @xref{System |
125 Environment}. | |
126 | |
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127 @defvar exec-directory |
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128 @pindex movemail |
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129 The value of this variable is a string, the name of a directory that |
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130 contains programs that come with GNU Emacs, programs intended for Emacs |
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131 to invoke. The program @code{movemail} is an example of such a program; |
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132 Rmail uses it to fetch new mail from an inbox. |
6558 | 133 @end defvar |
134 | |
135 @defopt exec-path | |
136 The value of this variable is a list of directories to search for | |
137 programs to run in subprocesses. Each element is either the name of a | |
138 directory (i.e., a string), or @code{nil}, which stands for the default | |
139 directory (which is the value of @code{default-directory}). | |
140 @cindex program directories | |
141 | |
142 The value of @code{exec-path} is used by @code{call-process} and | |
143 @code{start-process} when the @var{program} argument is not an absolute | |
144 file name. | |
145 @end defopt | |
146 | |
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147 @node Shell Arguments |
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148 @section Shell Arguments |
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149 |
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150 Lisp programs sometimes need to run a shell and give it a command |
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151 that contains file names that were specified by the user. These |
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152 programs ought to be able to support any valid file name. But the shell |
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153 gives special treatment to certain characters, and if these characters |
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154 occur in the file name, they will confuse the shell. To handle these |
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155 characters, use the function @code{shell-quote-argument}: |
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156 |
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157 @defun shell-quote-argument argument |
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158 This function returns a string which represents, in shell syntax, |
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159 an argument whose actual contents are @var{argument}. It should |
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160 work reliably to concatenate the return value into a shell command |
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161 and then pass it to a shell for execution. |
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162 |
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163 Precisely what this function does depends on your operating system. The |
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164 function is designed to work with the syntax of your system's standard |
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165 shell; if you use an unusual shell, you will need to redefine this |
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166 function. |
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167 |
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168 @example |
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169 ;; @r{This example shows the behavior on GNU and Unix systems.} |
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170 (shell-quote-argument "foo > bar") |
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171 @result{} "foo\\ \\>\\ bar" |
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172 |
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173 ;; @r{This example shows the behavior on MS-DOS and MS-Windows.} |
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174 (shell-quote-argument "foo > bar") |
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175 @result{} "\"foo > bar\"" |
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176 @end example |
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177 |
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178 Here's an example of using @code{shell-quote-argument} to construct |
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179 a shell command: |
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180 |
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181 @example |
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182 (concat "diff -c " |
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183 (shell-quote-argument oldfile) |
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184 " " |
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185 (shell-quote-argument newfile)) |
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186 @end example |
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187 @end defun |
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188 |
6558 | 189 @node Synchronous Processes |
190 @section Creating a Synchronous Process | |
191 @cindex synchronous subprocess | |
192 | |
193 After a @dfn{synchronous process} is created, Emacs waits for the | |
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194 process to terminate before continuing. Starting Dired on GNU or |
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195 Unix@footnote{On other systems, Emacs uses a Lisp emulation of |
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196 @code{ls}; see @ref{Contents of Directories}.} is an example of this: it |
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197 runs @code{ls} in a synchronous process, then modifies the output |
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198 slightly. Because the process is synchronous, the entire directory |
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199 listing arrives in the buffer before Emacs tries to do anything with it. |
6558 | 200 |
201 While Emacs waits for the synchronous subprocess to terminate, the | |
202 user can quit by typing @kbd{C-g}. The first @kbd{C-g} tries to kill | |
203 the subprocess with a @code{SIGINT} signal; but it waits until the | |
204 subprocess actually terminates before quitting. If during that time the | |
205 user types another @kbd{C-g}, that kills the subprocess instantly with | |
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206 @code{SIGKILL} and quits immediately (except on MS-DOS, where killing |
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207 other processes doesn't work). @xref{Quitting}. |
6558 | 208 |
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209 The synchronous subprocess functions return an indication of how the |
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210 process terminated. |
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211 |
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212 The output from a synchronous subprocess is generally decoded using a |
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213 coding system, much like text read from a file. The input sent to a |
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214 subprocess by @code{call-process-region} is encoded using a coding |
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215 system, much like text written into a file. @xref{Coding Systems}. |
6558 | 216 |
12067 | 217 @defun call-process program &optional infile destination display &rest args |
6558 | 218 This function calls @var{program} in a separate process and waits for |
219 it to finish. | |
220 | |
221 The standard input for the process comes from file @var{infile} if | |
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222 @var{infile} is not @code{nil}, and from the null device otherwise. |
12067 | 223 The argument @var{destination} says where to put the process output. |
224 Here are the possibilities: | |
225 | |
226 @table @asis | |
227 @item a buffer | |
228 Insert the output in that buffer, before point. This includes both the | |
229 standard output stream and the standard error stream of the process. | |
230 | |
231 @item a string | |
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232 Insert the output in a buffer with that name, before point. |
12067 | 233 |
234 @item @code{t} | |
235 Insert the output in the current buffer, before point. | |
236 | |
237 @item @code{nil} | |
238 Discard the output. | |
6558 | 239 |
12067 | 240 @item 0 |
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241 Discard the output, and return @code{nil} immediately without waiting |
12067 | 242 for the subprocess to finish. |
243 | |
244 In this case, the process is not truly synchronous, since it can run in | |
245 parallel with Emacs; but you can think of it as synchronous in that | |
246 Emacs is essentially finished with the subprocess as soon as this | |
247 function returns. | |
248 | |
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249 MS-DOS doesn't support asynchronous subprocesses, so this option doesn't |
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250 work there. |
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251 |
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252 @item @code{(@var{real-destination} @var{error-destination})} |
12067 | 253 Keep the standard output stream separate from the standard error stream; |
254 deal with the ordinary output as specified by @var{real-destination}, | |
255 and dispose of the error output according to @var{error-destination}. | |
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256 If @var{error-destination} is @code{nil}, that means to discard the |
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257 error output, @code{t} means mix it with the ordinary output, and a |
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258 string specifies a file name to redirect error output into. |
12067 | 259 |
260 You can't directly specify a buffer to put the error output in; that is | |
261 too difficult to implement. But you can achieve this result by sending | |
262 the error output to a temporary file and then inserting the file into a | |
263 buffer. | |
264 @end table | |
6558 | 265 |
266 If @var{display} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{call-process} redisplays | |
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267 the buffer as output is inserted. (However, if the coding system chosen |
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268 for decoding output is @code{undecided}, meaning deduce the encoding |
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269 from the actual data, then redisplay sometimes cannot continue once |
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270 non-@acronym{ASCII} characters are encountered. There are fundamental |
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271 reasons why it is hard to fix this; see @ref{Output from Processes}.) |
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272 |
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273 Otherwise the function @code{call-process} does no redisplay, and the |
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274 results become visible on the screen only when Emacs redisplays that |
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275 buffer in the normal course of events. |
6558 | 276 |
277 The remaining arguments, @var{args}, are strings that specify command | |
278 line arguments for the program. | |
279 | |
280 The value returned by @code{call-process} (unless you told it not to | |
281 wait) indicates the reason for process termination. A number gives the | |
282 exit status of the subprocess; 0 means success, and any other value | |
283 means failure. If the process terminated with a signal, | |
284 @code{call-process} returns a string describing the signal. | |
285 | |
286 In the examples below, the buffer @samp{foo} is current. | |
287 | |
288 @smallexample | |
289 @group | |
290 (call-process "pwd" nil t) | |
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291 @result{} 0 |
6558 | 292 |
293 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
294 /usr/user/lewis/manual | |
295 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
296 @end group | |
297 | |
298 @group | |
299 (call-process "grep" nil "bar" nil "lewis" "/etc/passwd") | |
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300 @result{} 0 |
6558 | 301 |
302 ---------- Buffer: bar ---------- | |
303 lewis:5LTsHm66CSWKg:398:21:Bil Lewis:/user/lewis:/bin/csh | |
304 | |
305 ---------- Buffer: bar ---------- | |
306 @end group | |
307 @end smallexample | |
308 | |
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309 Here is a good example of the use of @code{call-process}, which used to |
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310 be found in the definition of @code{insert-directory}: |
6558 | 311 |
312 @smallexample | |
313 @group | |
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314 (call-process insert-directory-program nil t nil @var{switches} |
6558 | 315 (if full-directory-p |
316 (concat (file-name-as-directory file) ".") | |
317 file)) | |
318 @end group | |
319 @end smallexample | |
320 @end defun | |
321 | |
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322 @defun process-file program &optional infile buffer display &rest args |
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323 This function processes files synchronously in a separate process. It |
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324 is similar to @code{call-process} but may invoke a file handler based |
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325 on the value of the variable @code{default-directory}. The current |
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326 working directory of the subprocess is @code{default-directory}. |
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327 |
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328 The arguments are handled in almost the same way as for |
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329 @code{call-process}, with the following differences: |
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330 |
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331 Some file handlers may not support all combinations and forms of the |
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332 arguments @var{infile}, @var{buffer}, and @var{display}. For example, |
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333 some file handlers might behave as if @var{display} were @code{nil}, |
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334 regardless of the value actually passed. As another example, some |
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335 file handlers might not support separating standard output and error |
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336 output by way of the @var{buffer} argument. |
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337 |
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338 If a file handler is invoked, it determines the program to run based |
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339 on the first argument @var{program}. For instance, consider that a |
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340 handler for remote files is invoked. Then the path that is used for |
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341 searching the program might be different than @code{exec-path}. |
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342 |
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343 The second argument @var{infile} may invoke a file handler. The file |
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344 handler could be different from the handler chosen for the |
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345 @code{process-file} function itself. (For example, |
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346 @code{default-directory} could be on a remote host, whereas |
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347 @var{infile} is on another remote host. Or @code{default-directory} |
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348 could be non-special, whereas @var{infile} is on a remote host.) |
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349 |
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350 If @var{buffer} has the form @code{(@var{real-destination} |
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351 @var{error-destination})}, and @var{error-destination} names a file, |
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352 then the same remarks as for @var{infile} apply. |
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353 |
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354 The remaining arguments (@var{args}) will be passed to the process |
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355 verbatim. Emacs is not involved in processing file names that are |
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356 present in @var{args}. To avoid confusion, it may be best to avoid |
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357 absolute file names in @var{args}, but rather to specify all file |
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358 names as relative to @code{default-directory}. The function |
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359 @code{file-relative-name} is useful for constructing such relative |
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360 file names. |
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361 @end defun |
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362 |
12067 | 363 @defun call-process-region start end program &optional delete destination display &rest args |
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364 This function sends the text from @var{start} to @var{end} as |
6558 | 365 standard input to a process running @var{program}. It deletes the text |
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366 sent if @var{delete} is non-@code{nil}; this is useful when |
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367 @var{destination} is @code{t}, to insert the output in the current |
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368 buffer in place of the input. |
6558 | 369 |
12067 | 370 The arguments @var{destination} and @var{display} control what to do |
6558 | 371 with the output from the subprocess, and whether to update the display |
372 as it comes in. For details, see the description of | |
12067 | 373 @code{call-process}, above. If @var{destination} is the integer 0, |
6558 | 374 @code{call-process-region} discards the output and returns @code{nil} |
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375 immediately, without waiting for the subprocess to finish (this only |
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376 works if asynchronous subprocesses are supported). |
6558 | 377 |
378 The remaining arguments, @var{args}, are strings that specify command | |
379 line arguments for the program. | |
380 | |
381 The return value of @code{call-process-region} is just like that of | |
382 @code{call-process}: @code{nil} if you told it to return without | |
383 waiting; otherwise, a number or string which indicates how the | |
384 subprocess terminated. | |
385 | |
386 In the following example, we use @code{call-process-region} to run the | |
387 @code{cat} utility, with standard input being the first five characters | |
388 in buffer @samp{foo} (the word @samp{input}). @code{cat} copies its | |
389 standard input into its standard output. Since the argument | |
12067 | 390 @var{destination} is @code{t}, this output is inserted in the current |
6558 | 391 buffer. |
392 | |
393 @smallexample | |
394 @group | |
395 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
396 input@point{} | |
397 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
398 @end group | |
399 | |
400 @group | |
401 (call-process-region 1 6 "cat" nil t) | |
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402 @result{} 0 |
6558 | 403 |
404 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
405 inputinput@point{} | |
406 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
407 @end group | |
408 @end smallexample | |
409 | |
410 The @code{shell-command-on-region} command uses | |
411 @code{call-process-region} like this: | |
412 | |
413 @smallexample | |
414 @group | |
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415 (call-process-region |
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416 start end |
6558 | 417 shell-file-name ; @r{Name of program.} |
418 nil ; @r{Do not delete region.} | |
419 buffer ; @r{Send output to @code{buffer}.} | |
420 nil ; @r{No redisplay during output.} | |
421 "-c" command) ; @r{Arguments for the shell.} | |
422 @end group | |
423 @end smallexample | |
424 @end defun | |
425 | |
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426 @defun call-process-shell-command command &optional infile destination display &rest args |
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427 This function executes the shell command @var{command} synchronously |
54265 | 428 in a separate process. The final arguments @var{args} are additional |
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429 arguments to add at the end of @var{command}. The other arguments |
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430 are handled as in @code{call-process}. |
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431 @end defun |
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432 |
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433 @defun shell-command-to-string command |
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434 This function executes @var{command} (a string) as a shell command, |
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435 then returns the command's output as a string. |
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436 @end defun |
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437 |
6558 | 438 @node Asynchronous Processes |
439 @section Creating an Asynchronous Process | |
440 @cindex asynchronous subprocess | |
441 | |
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442 After an @dfn{asynchronous process} is created, Emacs and the subprocess |
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443 both continue running immediately. The process thereafter runs |
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444 in parallel with Emacs, and the two can communicate with each other |
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445 using the functions described in the following sections. However, |
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446 communication is only partially asynchronous: Emacs sends data to the |
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447 process only when certain functions are called, and Emacs accepts data |
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448 from the process only when Emacs is waiting for input or for a time |
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449 delay. |
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450 |
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451 Here we describe how to create an asynchronous process. |
6558 | 452 |
453 @defun start-process name buffer-or-name program &rest args | |
454 This function creates a new asynchronous subprocess and starts the | |
455 program @var{program} running in it. It returns a process object that | |
456 stands for the new subprocess in Lisp. The argument @var{name} | |
457 specifies the name for the process object; if a process with this name | |
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458 already exists, then @var{name} is modified (by appending @samp{<1>}, |
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459 etc.) to be unique. The buffer @var{buffer-or-name} is the buffer to |
6558 | 460 associate with the process. |
461 | |
462 The remaining arguments, @var{args}, are strings that specify command | |
463 line arguments for the program. | |
464 | |
465 In the example below, the first process is started and runs (rather, | |
466 sleeps) for 100 seconds. Meanwhile, the second process is started, and | |
467 given the name @samp{my-process<1>} for the sake of uniqueness. It | |
468 inserts the directory listing at the end of the buffer @samp{foo}, | |
469 before the first process finishes. Then it finishes, and a message to | |
470 that effect is inserted in the buffer. Much later, the first process | |
471 finishes, and another message is inserted in the buffer for it. | |
472 | |
473 @smallexample | |
474 @group | |
475 (start-process "my-process" "foo" "sleep" "100") | |
476 @result{} #<process my-process> | |
477 @end group | |
478 | |
479 @group | |
480 (start-process "my-process" "foo" "ls" "-l" "/user/lewis/bin") | |
481 @result{} #<process my-process<1>> | |
482 | |
483 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
484 total 2 | |
485 lrwxrwxrwx 1 lewis 14 Jul 22 10:12 gnuemacs --> /emacs | |
486 -rwxrwxrwx 1 lewis 19 Jul 30 21:02 lemon | |
487 | |
488 Process my-process<1> finished | |
489 | |
490 Process my-process finished | |
491 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
492 @end group | |
493 @end smallexample | |
494 @end defun | |
495 | |
496 @defun start-process-shell-command name buffer-or-name command &rest command-args | |
497 This function is like @code{start-process} except that it uses a shell | |
498 to execute the specified command. The argument @var{command} is a shell | |
499 command name, and @var{command-args} are the arguments for the shell | |
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500 command. The variable @code{shell-file-name} specifies which shell to |
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501 use. |
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502 |
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503 The point of running a program through the shell, rather than directly |
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504 with @code{start-process}, is so that you can employ shell features such |
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505 as wildcards in the arguments. It follows that if you include an |
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506 arbitrary user-specified arguments in the command, you should quote it |
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507 with @code{shell-quote-argument} first, so that any special shell |
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508 characters do @emph{not} have their special shell meanings. @xref{Shell |
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509 Arguments}. |
6558 | 510 @end defun |
511 | |
512 @defvar process-connection-type | |
513 @cindex pipes | |
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514 @cindex @acronym{PTY}s |
6558 | 515 This variable controls the type of device used to communicate with |
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516 asynchronous subprocesses. If it is non-@code{nil}, then @acronym{PTY}s are |
12098 | 517 used, when available. Otherwise, pipes are used. |
6558 | 518 |
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519 @acronym{PTY}s are usually preferable for processes visible to the user, as |
6558 | 520 in Shell mode, because they allow job control (@kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-z}, |
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521 etc.) to work between the process and its children, whereas pipes do |
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522 not. For subprocesses used for internal purposes by programs, it is |
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523 often better to use a pipe, because they are more efficient. In |
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524 addition, the total number of @acronym{PTY}s is limited on many systems and |
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525 it is good not to waste them. |
6558 | 526 |
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527 The value of @code{process-connection-type} takes effect when |
6558 | 528 @code{start-process} is called. So you can specify how to communicate |
529 with one subprocess by binding the variable around the call to | |
530 @code{start-process}. | |
531 | |
532 @smallexample | |
533 @group | |
534 (let ((process-connection-type nil)) ; @r{Use a pipe.} | |
535 (start-process @dots{})) | |
536 @end group | |
537 @end smallexample | |
12067 | 538 |
539 To determine whether a given subprocess actually got a pipe or a | |
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540 @acronym{PTY}, use the function @code{process-tty-name} (@pxref{Process |
12067 | 541 Information}). |
6558 | 542 @end defvar |
543 | |
544 @node Deleting Processes | |
545 @section Deleting Processes | |
546 @cindex deleting processes | |
547 | |
548 @dfn{Deleting a process} disconnects Emacs immediately from the | |
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549 subprocess. Processes are deleted automatically after they terminate, |
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550 but not necessarily right away. You can delete a process explicitly |
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551 at any time. If you delete a terminated process explicitly before it |
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552 is deleted automatically, no harm results. Deleting a running |
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553 process sends a signal to terminate it (and its child processes if |
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554 any), and calls the process sentinel if it has one. @xref{Sentinels}. |
6558 | 555 |
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556 When a process is deleted, the process object itself continues to |
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557 exist as long as other Lisp objects point to it. All the Lisp |
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558 primitives that work on process objects accept deleted processes, but |
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559 those that do I/O or send signals will report an error. The process |
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560 mark continues to point to the same place as before, usually into a |
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561 buffer where output from the process was being inserted. |
6558 | 562 |
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563 @defopt delete-exited-processes |
6558 | 564 This variable controls automatic deletion of processes that have |
565 terminated (due to calling @code{exit} or to a signal). If it is | |
566 @code{nil}, then they continue to exist until the user runs | |
567 @code{list-processes}. Otherwise, they are deleted immediately after | |
568 they exit. | |
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569 @end defopt |
6558 | 570 |
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571 @defun delete-process process |
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572 This function deletes a process, killing it with a @code{SIGKILL} |
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573 signal. The argument may be a process, the name of a process, a |
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574 buffer, or the name of a buffer. (A buffer or buffer-name stands for |
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575 the process that @code{get-buffer-process} returns.) Calling |
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576 @code{delete-process} on a running process terminates it, updates the |
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577 process status, and runs the sentinel (if any) immediately. If the |
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578 process has already terminated, calling @code{delete-process} has no |
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579 effect on its status, or on the running of its sentinel (which will |
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580 happen sooner or later). |
6558 | 581 |
582 @smallexample | |
583 @group | |
584 (delete-process "*shell*") | |
585 @result{} nil | |
586 @end group | |
587 @end smallexample | |
588 @end defun | |
589 | |
590 @node Process Information | |
591 @section Process Information | |
592 | |
593 Several functions return information about processes. | |
594 @code{list-processes} is provided for interactive use. | |
595 | |
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596 @deffn Command list-processes &optional query-only |
6558 | 597 This command displays a listing of all living processes. In addition, |
598 it finally deletes any process whose status was @samp{Exited} or | |
599 @samp{Signaled}. It returns @code{nil}. | |
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600 |
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601 If @var{query-only} is non-@code{nil} then it lists only processes |
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602 whose query flag is non-@code{nil}. @xref{Query Before Exit}. |
6558 | 603 @end deffn |
604 | |
605 @defun process-list | |
606 This function returns a list of all processes that have not been deleted. | |
607 | |
608 @smallexample | |
609 @group | |
610 (process-list) | |
611 @result{} (#<process display-time> #<process shell>) | |
612 @end group | |
613 @end smallexample | |
614 @end defun | |
615 | |
616 @defun get-process name | |
617 This function returns the process named @var{name}, or @code{nil} if | |
618 there is none. An error is signaled if @var{name} is not a string. | |
619 | |
620 @smallexample | |
621 @group | |
622 (get-process "shell") | |
623 @result{} #<process shell> | |
624 @end group | |
625 @end smallexample | |
626 @end defun | |
627 | |
628 @defun process-command process | |
629 This function returns the command that was executed to start | |
630 @var{process}. This is a list of strings, the first string being the | |
631 program executed and the rest of the strings being the arguments that | |
632 were given to the program. | |
633 | |
634 @smallexample | |
635 @group | |
636 (process-command (get-process "shell")) | |
637 @result{} ("/bin/csh" "-i") | |
638 @end group | |
639 @end smallexample | |
640 @end defun | |
641 | |
642 @defun process-id process | |
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643 This function returns the @acronym{PID} of @var{process}. This is an |
9009 | 644 integer that distinguishes the process @var{process} from all other |
6558 | 645 processes running on the same computer at the current time. The |
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646 @acronym{PID} of a process is chosen by the operating system kernel when the |
6558 | 647 process is started and remains constant as long as the process exists. |
648 @end defun | |
649 | |
650 @defun process-name process | |
651 This function returns the name of @var{process}. | |
652 @end defun | |
653 | |
654 @defun process-status process-name | |
655 This function returns the status of @var{process-name} as a symbol. | |
656 The argument @var{process-name} must be a process, a buffer, a | |
657 process name (string) or a buffer name (string). | |
658 | |
659 The possible values for an actual subprocess are: | |
660 | |
661 @table @code | |
662 @item run | |
663 for a process that is running. | |
664 @item stop | |
665 for a process that is stopped but continuable. | |
666 @item exit | |
667 for a process that has exited. | |
668 @item signal | |
669 for a process that has received a fatal signal. | |
670 @item open | |
671 for a network connection that is open. | |
672 @item closed | |
673 for a network connection that is closed. Once a connection | |
674 is closed, you cannot reopen it, though you might be able to open | |
675 a new connection to the same place. | |
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676 @item connect |
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677 for a non-blocking connection that is waiting to complete. |
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678 @item failed |
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679 for a non-blocking connection that has failed to complete. |
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680 @item listen |
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681 for a network server that is listening. |
6558 | 682 @item nil |
683 if @var{process-name} is not the name of an existing process. | |
684 @end table | |
685 | |
686 @smallexample | |
687 @group | |
688 (process-status "shell") | |
689 @result{} run | |
690 @end group | |
691 @group | |
692 (process-status (get-buffer "*shell*")) | |
693 @result{} run | |
694 @end group | |
695 @group | |
696 x | |
697 @result{} #<process xx<1>> | |
698 (process-status x) | |
699 @result{} exit | |
700 @end group | |
701 @end smallexample | |
702 | |
703 For a network connection, @code{process-status} returns one of the symbols | |
704 @code{open} or @code{closed}. The latter means that the other side | |
705 closed the connection, or Emacs did @code{delete-process}. | |
706 @end defun | |
707 | |
708 @defun process-exit-status process | |
709 This function returns the exit status of @var{process} or the signal | |
710 number that killed it. (Use the result of @code{process-status} to | |
711 determine which of those it is.) If @var{process} has not yet | |
712 terminated, the value is 0. | |
713 @end defun | |
714 | |
12067 | 715 @defun process-tty-name process |
716 This function returns the terminal name that @var{process} is using for | |
717 its communication with Emacs---or @code{nil} if it is using pipes | |
718 instead of a terminal (see @code{process-connection-type} in | |
719 @ref{Asynchronous Processes}). | |
720 @end defun | |
721 | |
56215 | 722 @defun process-coding-system process |
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723 @anchor{Coding systems for a subprocess} |
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724 This function returns a cons cell describing the coding systems in use |
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725 for decoding output from @var{process} and for encoding input to |
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726 @var{process} (@pxref{Coding Systems}). The value has this form: |
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727 |
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728 @example |
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729 (@var{coding-system-for-decoding} . @var{coding-system-for-encoding}) |
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730 @end example |
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731 @end defun |
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732 |
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733 @defun set-process-coding-system process &optional decoding-system encoding-system |
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734 This function specifies the coding systems to use for subsequent output |
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735 from and input to @var{process}. It will use @var{decoding-system} to |
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736 decode subprocess output, and @var{encoding-system} to encode subprocess |
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737 input. |
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738 @end defun |
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739 |
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740 Every process also has a property list that you can use to store |
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741 miscellaneous values associated with the process. |
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742 |
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743 @defun process-get process propname |
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744 This function returns the value of the @var{propname} property |
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745 of @var{process}. |
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746 @end defun |
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747 |
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748 @defun process-put process propname value |
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749 This function sets the value of the @var{propname} property |
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750 of @var{process} to @var{value}. |
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751 @end defun |
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752 |
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753 @defun process-plist process |
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754 This function returns the process plist of @var{process}. |
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755 @end defun |
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756 |
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757 @defun set-process-plist process plist |
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758 This function sets the process plist of @var{process} to @var{plist}. |
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759 @end defun |
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760 |
6558 | 761 @node Input to Processes |
762 @section Sending Input to Processes | |
763 @cindex process input | |
764 | |
765 Asynchronous subprocesses receive input when it is sent to them by | |
766 Emacs, which is done with the functions in this section. You must | |
767 specify the process to send input to, and the input data to send. The | |
768 data appears on the ``standard input'' of the subprocess. | |
769 | |
770 Some operating systems have limited space for buffered input in a | |
63560 | 771 @acronym{PTY}. On these systems, Emacs sends an @acronym{EOF} |
772 periodically amidst the other characters, to force them through. For | |
773 most programs, these @acronym{EOF}s do no harm. | |
6558 | 774 |
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775 Subprocess input is normally encoded using a coding system before the |
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776 subprocess receives it, much like text written into a file. You can use |
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777 @code{set-process-coding-system} to specify which coding system to use |
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778 (@pxref{Process Information}). Otherwise, the coding system comes from |
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779 @code{coding-system-for-write}, if that is non-@code{nil}; or else from |
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780 the defaulting mechanism (@pxref{Default Coding Systems}). |
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781 |
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782 Sometimes the system is unable to accept input for that process, |
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783 because the input buffer is full. When this happens, the send functions |
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784 wait a short while, accepting output from subprocesses, and then try |
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785 again. This gives the subprocess a chance to read more of its pending |
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786 input and make space in the buffer. It also allows filters, sentinels |
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787 and timers to run---so take account of that in writing your code. |
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788 |
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789 In these functions, the @var{process} argument can be a process or |
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790 the name of a process, or a buffer or buffer name (which stands |
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791 for a process via @code{get-buffer-process}). @code{nil} means |
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792 the current buffer's process. |
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793 |
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794 @defun process-send-string process string |
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795 This function sends @var{process} the contents of @var{string} as |
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796 standard input. If it is @code{nil}, the current buffer's process is used. |
6558 | 797 |
798 The function returns @code{nil}. | |
799 | |
800 @smallexample | |
801 @group | |
802 (process-send-string "shell<1>" "ls\n") | |
803 @result{} nil | |
804 @end group | |
805 | |
806 | |
807 @group | |
808 ---------- Buffer: *shell* ---------- | |
809 ... | |
810 introduction.texi syntax-tables.texi~ | |
811 introduction.texi~ text.texi | |
812 introduction.txt text.texi~ | |
813 ... | |
814 ---------- Buffer: *shell* ---------- | |
815 @end group | |
816 @end smallexample | |
817 @end defun | |
818 | |
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819 @defun process-send-region process start end |
6558 | 820 This function sends the text in the region defined by @var{start} and |
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821 @var{end} as standard input to @var{process}. |
6558 | 822 |
823 An error is signaled unless both @var{start} and @var{end} are | |
824 integers or markers that indicate positions in the current buffer. (It | |
825 is unimportant which number is larger.) | |
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826 @end defun |
6558 | 827 |
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828 @defun process-send-eof &optional process |
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829 This function makes @var{process} see an end-of-file in its |
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830 input. The @acronym{EOF} comes after any text already sent to it. |
6558 | 831 |
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832 The function returns @var{process}. |
6558 | 833 |
834 @smallexample | |
835 @group | |
836 (process-send-eof "shell") | |
837 @result{} "shell" | |
838 @end group | |
839 @end smallexample | |
840 @end defun | |
841 | |
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842 @defun process-running-child-p process |
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843 This function will tell you whether a subprocess has given control of |
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844 its terminal to its own child process. The value is @code{t} if this is |
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845 true, or if Emacs cannot tell; it is @code{nil} if Emacs can be certain |
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846 that this is not so. |
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847 @end defun |
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848 |
6558 | 849 @node Signals to Processes |
850 @section Sending Signals to Processes | |
851 @cindex process signals | |
852 @cindex sending signals | |
853 @cindex signals | |
854 | |
855 @dfn{Sending a signal} to a subprocess is a way of interrupting its | |
856 activities. There are several different signals, each with its own | |
857 meaning. The set of signals and their names is defined by the operating | |
858 system. For example, the signal @code{SIGINT} means that the user has | |
859 typed @kbd{C-c}, or that some analogous thing has happened. | |
860 | |
861 Each signal has a standard effect on the subprocess. Most signals | |
862 kill the subprocess, but some stop or resume execution instead. Most | |
863 signals can optionally be handled by programs; if the program handles | |
864 the signal, then we can say nothing in general about its effects. | |
865 | |
866 You can send signals explicitly by calling the functions in this | |
867 section. Emacs also sends signals automatically at certain times: | |
868 killing a buffer sends a @code{SIGHUP} signal to all its associated | |
869 processes; killing Emacs sends a @code{SIGHUP} signal to all remaining | |
870 processes. (@code{SIGHUP} is a signal that usually indicates that the | |
871 user hung up the phone.) | |
872 | |
873 Each of the signal-sending functions takes two optional arguments: | |
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874 @var{process} and @var{current-group}. |
6558 | 875 |
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876 The argument @var{process} must be either a process, a process |
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877 name, a buffer, a buffer name, or @code{nil}. A buffer or buffer name |
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878 stands for a process through @code{get-buffer-process}. @code{nil} |
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879 stands for the process associated with the current buffer. An error |
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880 is signaled if @var{process} does not identify a process. |
6558 | 881 |
882 The argument @var{current-group} is a flag that makes a difference | |
883 when you are running a job-control shell as an Emacs subprocess. If it | |
884 is non-@code{nil}, then the signal is sent to the current process-group | |
9009 | 885 of the terminal that Emacs uses to communicate with the subprocess. If |
6558 | 886 the process is a job-control shell, this means the shell's current |
887 subjob. If it is @code{nil}, the signal is sent to the process group of | |
888 the immediate subprocess of Emacs. If the subprocess is a job-control | |
889 shell, this is the shell itself. | |
890 | |
891 The flag @var{current-group} has no effect when a pipe is used to | |
892 communicate with the subprocess, because the operating system does not | |
893 support the distinction in the case of pipes. For the same reason, | |
894 job-control shells won't work when a pipe is used. See | |
895 @code{process-connection-type} in @ref{Asynchronous Processes}. | |
896 | |
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897 @defun interrupt-process &optional process current-group |
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898 This function interrupts the process @var{process} by sending the |
6558 | 899 signal @code{SIGINT}. Outside of Emacs, typing the ``interrupt |
900 character'' (normally @kbd{C-c} on some systems, and @code{DEL} on | |
901 others) sends this signal. When the argument @var{current-group} is | |
902 non-@code{nil}, you can think of this function as ``typing @kbd{C-c}'' | |
903 on the terminal by which Emacs talks to the subprocess. | |
904 @end defun | |
905 | |
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906 @defun kill-process &optional process current-group |
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907 This function kills the process @var{process} by sending the |
6558 | 908 signal @code{SIGKILL}. This signal kills the subprocess immediately, |
909 and cannot be handled by the subprocess. | |
910 @end defun | |
911 | |
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912 @defun quit-process &optional process current-group |
6558 | 913 This function sends the signal @code{SIGQUIT} to the process |
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914 @var{process}. This signal is the one sent by the ``quit |
6558 | 915 character'' (usually @kbd{C-b} or @kbd{C-\}) when you are not inside |
916 Emacs. | |
917 @end defun | |
918 | |
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|
919 @defun stop-process &optional process current-group |
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920 This function stops the process @var{process} by sending the |
6558 | 921 signal @code{SIGTSTP}. Use @code{continue-process} to resume its |
922 execution. | |
923 | |
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924 Outside of Emacs, on systems with job control, the ``stop character'' |
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925 (usually @kbd{C-z}) normally sends this signal. When |
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926 @var{current-group} is non-@code{nil}, you can think of this function as |
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927 ``typing @kbd{C-z}'' on the terminal Emacs uses to communicate with the |
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928 subprocess. |
6558 | 929 @end defun |
930 | |
60270
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931 @defun continue-process &optional process current-group |
6558 | 932 This function resumes execution of the process @var{process} by sending |
60270
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933 it the signal @code{SIGCONT}. This presumes that @var{process} was |
6558 | 934 stopped previously. |
935 @end defun | |
936 | |
937 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
52542
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938 @defun signal-process process signal |
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939 This function sends a signal to process @var{process}. The argument |
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940 @var{signal} specifies which signal to send; it should be an integer. |
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941 |
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942 The @var{process} argument can be a system process @acronym{ID}; that |
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943 allows you to send signals to processes that are not children of |
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944 Emacs. |
6558 | 945 @end defun |
946 | |
947 @node Output from Processes | |
948 @section Receiving Output from Processes | |
949 @cindex process output | |
950 @cindex output from processes | |
951 | |
952 There are two ways to receive the output that a subprocess writes to | |
953 its standard output stream. The output can be inserted in a buffer, | |
954 which is called the associated buffer of the process, or a function | |
9009 | 955 called the @dfn{filter function} can be called to act on the output. If |
956 the process has no buffer and no filter function, its output is | |
957 discarded. | |
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958 |
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959 When a subprocess terminates, Emacs reads any pending output, |
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960 then stops reading output from that subprocess. Therefore, if the |
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961 subprocess has children that are still live and still producing |
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962 output, Emacs won't receive that output. |
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963 |
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964 Output from a subprocess can arrive only while Emacs is waiting: when |
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965 reading terminal input, in @code{sit-for} and @code{sleep-for} |
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966 (@pxref{Waiting}), and in @code{accept-process-output} (@pxref{Accepting |
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967 Output}). This minimizes the problem of timing errors that usually |
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968 plague parallel programming. For example, you can safely create a |
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969 process and only then specify its buffer or filter function; no output |
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970 can arrive before you finish, if the code in between does not call any |
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971 primitive that waits. |
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972 |
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973 @defvar process-adaptive-read-buffering |
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974 On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the |
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975 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in |
63560 | 976 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent |
56704
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977 by setting the variable @var{process-adaptive-read-buffering} to a |
58405
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978 non-@code{nil} value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading |
56704
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|
979 from such processes, thus allowing them to produce more output before |
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980 Emacs tries to read it. |
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981 @end defvar |
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|
982 |
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983 It is impossible to separate the standard output and standard error |
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984 streams of the subprocess, because Emacs normally spawns the subprocess |
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985 inside a pseudo-TTY, and a pseudo-TTY has only one output channel. If |
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986 you want to keep the output to those streams separate, you should |
54916 | 987 redirect one of them to a file---for example, by using an appropriate |
27259
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988 shell command. |
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989 |
6558 | 990 @menu |
51993
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991 * Process Buffers:: If no filter, output is put in a buffer. |
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992 * Filter Functions:: Filter functions accept output from the process. |
51994 | 993 * Decoding Output:: Filters can get unibyte or multibyte strings. |
51993
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994 * Accepting Output:: How to wait until process output arrives. |
6558 | 995 @end menu |
996 | |
997 @node Process Buffers | |
998 @subsection Process Buffers | |
999 | |
1000 A process can (and usually does) have an @dfn{associated buffer}, | |
1001 which is an ordinary Emacs buffer that is used for two purposes: storing | |
1002 the output from the process, and deciding when to kill the process. You | |
1003 can also use the buffer to identify a process to operate on, since in | |
1004 normal practice only one process is associated with any given buffer. | |
1005 Many applications of processes also use the buffer for editing input to | |
1006 be sent to the process, but this is not built into Emacs Lisp. | |
1007 | |
1008 Unless the process has a filter function (@pxref{Filter Functions}), | |
1009 its output is inserted in the associated buffer. The position to insert | |
9009 | 1010 the output is determined by the @code{process-mark}, which is then |
1011 updated to point to the end of the text just inserted. Usually, but not | |
1012 always, the @code{process-mark} is at the end of the buffer. | |
6558 | 1013 |
1014 @defun process-buffer process | |
1015 This function returns the associated buffer of the process | |
1016 @var{process}. | |
1017 | |
1018 @smallexample | |
1019 @group | |
1020 (process-buffer (get-process "shell")) | |
1021 @result{} #<buffer *shell*> | |
1022 @end group | |
1023 @end smallexample | |
1024 @end defun | |
1025 | |
1026 @defun process-mark process | |
1027 This function returns the process marker for @var{process}, which is the | |
1028 marker that says where to insert output from the process. | |
1029 | |
1030 If @var{process} does not have a buffer, @code{process-mark} returns a | |
1031 marker that points nowhere. | |
1032 | |
1033 Insertion of process output in a buffer uses this marker to decide where | |
1034 to insert, and updates it to point after the inserted text. That is why | |
1035 successive batches of output are inserted consecutively. | |
1036 | |
1037 Filter functions normally should use this marker in the same fashion | |
1038 as is done by direct insertion of output in the buffer. A good | |
1039 example of a filter function that uses @code{process-mark} is found at | |
1040 the end of the following section. | |
1041 | |
1042 When the user is expected to enter input in the process buffer for | |
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1043 transmission to the process, the process marker separates the new input |
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1044 from previous output. |
6558 | 1045 @end defun |
1046 | |
1047 @defun set-process-buffer process buffer | |
1048 This function sets the buffer associated with @var{process} to | |
1049 @var{buffer}. If @var{buffer} is @code{nil}, the process becomes | |
1050 associated with no buffer. | |
1051 @end defun | |
1052 | |
1053 @defun get-buffer-process buffer-or-name | |
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1054 This function returns a nondeleted process associated with the buffer |
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1055 specified by @var{buffer-or-name}. If there are several processes |
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1056 associated with it, this function chooses one (currently, the one most |
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1057 recently created, but don't count on that). Deletion of a process |
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1058 (see @code{delete-process}) makes it ineligible for this function to |
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1059 return. |
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1060 |
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1061 It is usually a bad idea to have more than one process associated with |
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1062 the same buffer. |
6558 | 1063 |
1064 @smallexample | |
1065 @group | |
1066 (get-buffer-process "*shell*") | |
1067 @result{} #<process shell> | |
1068 @end group | |
1069 @end smallexample | |
1070 | |
1071 Killing the process's buffer deletes the process, which kills the | |
1072 subprocess with a @code{SIGHUP} signal (@pxref{Signals to Processes}). | |
1073 @end defun | |
1074 | |
1075 @node Filter Functions | |
1076 @subsection Process Filter Functions | |
1077 @cindex filter function | |
1078 @cindex process filter | |
1079 | |
1080 A process @dfn{filter function} is a function that receives the | |
1081 standard output from the associated process. If a process has a filter, | |
9009 | 1082 then @emph{all} output from that process is passed to the filter. The |
1083 process buffer is used directly for output from the process only when | |
1084 there is no filter. | |
6558 | 1085 |
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1086 The filter function can only be called when Emacs is waiting for |
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1087 something, because process output arrives only at such times. Emacs |
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1088 waits when reading terminal input, in @code{sit-for} and |
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1089 @code{sleep-for} (@pxref{Waiting}), and in @code{accept-process-output} |
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1090 (@pxref{Accepting Output}). |
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1091 |
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1092 A filter function must accept two arguments: the associated process |
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1093 and a string, which is output just received from it. The function is |
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1094 then free to do whatever it chooses with the output. |
6558 | 1095 |
1096 Quitting is normally inhibited within a filter function---otherwise, | |
1097 the effect of typing @kbd{C-g} at command level or to quit a user | |
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1098 command would be unpredictable. If you want to permit quitting inside |
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1099 a filter function, bind @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{nil}. In most |
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1100 cases, the right way to do this is with the macro |
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1101 @code{with-local-quit}. @xref{Quitting}. |
6558 | 1102 |
12067 | 1103 If an error happens during execution of a filter function, it is |
1104 caught automatically, so that it doesn't stop the execution of whatever | |
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1105 program was running when the filter function was started. However, if |
12067 | 1106 @code{debug-on-error} is non-@code{nil}, the error-catching is turned |
1107 off. This makes it possible to use the Lisp debugger to debug the | |
1108 filter function. @xref{Debugger}. | |
1109 | |
6558 | 1110 Many filter functions sometimes or always insert the text in the |
1111 process's buffer, mimicking the actions of Emacs when there is no | |
1112 filter. Such filter functions need to use @code{set-buffer} in order to | |
1113 be sure to insert in that buffer. To avoid setting the current buffer | |
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1114 semipermanently, these filter functions must save and restore the |
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1115 current buffer. They should also update the process marker, and in some |
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1116 cases update the value of point. Here is how to do these things: |
6558 | 1117 |
1118 @smallexample | |
1119 @group | |
1120 (defun ordinary-insertion-filter (proc string) | |
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1121 (with-current-buffer (process-buffer proc) |
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1122 (let ((moving (= (point) (process-mark proc)))) |
6558 | 1123 @end group |
1124 @group | |
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1125 (save-excursion |
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1126 ;; @r{Insert the text, advancing the process marker.} |
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1127 (goto-char (process-mark proc)) |
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1128 (insert string) |
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1129 (set-marker (process-mark proc) (point))) |
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1130 (if moving (goto-char (process-mark proc)))))) |
6558 | 1131 @end group |
1132 @end smallexample | |
1133 | |
1134 @noindent | |
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1135 The reason to use @code{with-current-buffer}, rather than using |
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1136 @code{save-excursion} to save and restore the current buffer, is so as |
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|
1137 to preserve the change in point made by the second call to |
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1138 @code{goto-char}. |
6558 | 1139 |
1140 To make the filter force the process buffer to be visible whenever new | |
1141 text arrives, insert the following line just before the | |
21007
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|
1142 @code{with-current-buffer} construct: |
6558 | 1143 |
1144 @smallexample | |
1145 (display-buffer (process-buffer proc)) | |
1146 @end smallexample | |
1147 | |
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1148 To force point to the end of the new output, no matter where it was |
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|
1149 previously, eliminate the variable @code{moving} and call |
6558 | 1150 @code{goto-char} unconditionally. |
1151 | |
21007
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1152 In earlier Emacs versions, every filter function that did regular |
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1153 expression searching or matching had to explicitly save and restore the |
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|
1154 match data. Now Emacs does this automatically for filter functions; |
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1155 they never need to do it explicitly. @xref{Match Data}. |
6558 | 1156 |
1157 A filter function that writes the output into the buffer of the | |
12098 | 1158 process should check whether the buffer is still alive. If it tries to |
21007
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1159 insert into a dead buffer, it will get an error. The expression |
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1160 @code{(buffer-name (process-buffer @var{process}))} returns @code{nil} |
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1161 if the buffer is dead. |
6558 | 1162 |
1163 The output to the function may come in chunks of any size. A program | |
21007
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1164 that produces the same output twice in a row may send it as one batch of |
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|
1165 200 characters one time, and five batches of 40 characters the next. If |
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1166 the filter looks for certain text strings in the subprocess output, make |
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1167 sure to handle the case where one of these strings is split across two |
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1168 or more batches of output. |
6558 | 1169 |
1170 @defun set-process-filter process filter | |
1171 This function gives @var{process} the filter function @var{filter}. If | |
1172 @var{filter} is @code{nil}, it gives the process no filter. | |
1173 @end defun | |
1174 | |
1175 @defun process-filter process | |
1176 This function returns the filter function of @var{process}, or @code{nil} | |
1177 if it has none. | |
1178 @end defun | |
1179 | |
1180 Here is an example of use of a filter function: | |
1181 | |
1182 @smallexample | |
1183 @group | |
1184 (defun keep-output (process output) | |
1185 (setq kept (cons output kept))) | |
1186 @result{} keep-output | |
1187 @end group | |
1188 @group | |
1189 (setq kept nil) | |
1190 @result{} nil | |
1191 @end group | |
1192 @group | |
1193 (set-process-filter (get-process "shell") 'keep-output) | |
1194 @result{} keep-output | |
1195 @end group | |
1196 @group | |
1197 (process-send-string "shell" "ls ~/other\n") | |
1198 @result{} nil | |
1199 kept | |
1200 @result{} ("lewis@@slug[8] % " | |
1201 @end group | |
1202 @group | |
1203 "FINAL-W87-SHORT.MSS backup.otl kolstad.mss~ | |
1204 address.txt backup.psf kolstad.psf | |
1205 backup.bib~ david.mss resume-Dec-86.mss~ | |
1206 backup.err david.psf resume-Dec.psf | |
1207 backup.mss dland syllabus.mss | |
1208 " | |
1209 "#backups.mss# backup.mss~ kolstad.mss | |
1210 ") | |
1211 @end group | |
1212 @end smallexample | |
1213 | |
1214 @ignore @c The code in this example doesn't show the right way to do things. | |
1215 Here is another, more realistic example, which demonstrates how to use | |
1216 the process mark to do insertion in the same fashion as is done when | |
1217 there is no filter function: | |
1218 | |
1219 @smallexample | |
1220 @group | |
1221 ;; @r{Insert input in the buffer specified by @code{my-shell-buffer}} | |
1222 ;; @r{and make sure that buffer is shown in some window.} | |
1223 (defun my-process-filter (proc str) | |
21007
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1224 (let ((cur (selected-window)) |
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1225 (pop-up-windows t)) |
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1226 (pop-to-buffer my-shell-buffer) |
6558 | 1227 @end group |
1228 @group | |
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1229 (goto-char (point-max)) |
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1230 (insert str) |
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|
1231 (set-marker (process-mark proc) (point-max)) |
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1232 (select-window cur))) |
6558 | 1233 @end group |
1234 @end smallexample | |
1235 @end ignore | |
1236 | |
51993
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1237 @node Decoding Output |
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1238 @subsection Decoding Process Output |
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1239 |
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1240 When Emacs writes process output directly into a multibyte buffer, |
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1241 it decodes the output according to the process output coding system. |
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|
1242 If the coding system is @code{raw-text} or @code{no-conversion}, Emacs |
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|
1243 converts the unibyte output to multibyte using |
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(Subprocess Creation): Explain nil in exec-path. Cleanup.
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1244 @code{string-to-multibyte}, and inserts the resulting multibyte text. |
51993
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1245 |
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|
1246 You can use @code{set-process-coding-system} to specify which coding |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1247 system to use (@pxref{Process Information}). Otherwise, the coding |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1248 system comes from @code{coding-system-for-read}, if that is |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1249 non-@code{nil}; or else from the defaulting mechanism (@pxref{Default |
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|
1250 Coding Systems}). |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1251 |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1252 @strong{Warning:} Coding systems such as @code{undecided} which |
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|
1253 determine the coding system from the data do not work entirely |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1254 reliably with asynchronous subprocess output. This is because Emacs |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1255 has to process asynchronous subprocess output in batches, as it |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1256 arrives. Emacs must try to detect the proper coding system from one |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1257 batch at a time, and this does not always work. Therefore, if at all |
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|
1258 possible, specify a coding system that determines both the character |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1259 code conversion and the end of line conversion---that is, one like |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1260 @code{latin-1-unix}, rather than @code{undecided} or @code{latin-1}. |
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|
1261 |
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|
1262 @cindex filter multibyte flag, of process |
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|
1263 @cindex process filter multibyte flag |
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|
1264 When Emacs calls a process filter function, it provides the process |
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|
1265 output as a multibyte string or as a unibyte string according to the |
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|
1266 process's filter multibyte flag. If the flag is non-@code{nil}, Emacs |
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|
1267 decodes the output according to the process output coding system to |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1268 produce a multibyte string, and passes that to the process. If the |
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(Decoding Output): New node.
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|
1269 flag is @code{nil}, Emacs puts the output into a unibyte string, with |
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|
1270 no decoding, and passes that. |
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|
1271 |
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|
1272 When you create a process, the filter multibyte flag takes its |
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|
1273 initial value from @code{default-enable-multibyte-characters}. If you |
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|
1274 want to change the flag later on, use |
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|
1275 @code{set-process-filter-multibyte}. |
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1276 |
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|
1277 @defun set-process-filter-multibyte process multibyte |
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1278 This function sets the filter multibyte flag of @var{process} |
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|
1279 to @var{multibyte}. |
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1280 @end defun |
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1281 |
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1282 @defun process-filter-multibyte-p process |
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1283 This function returns the filter multibyte flag of @var{process}. |
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1284 @end defun |
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1285 |
6558 | 1286 @node Accepting Output |
1287 @subsection Accepting Output from Processes | |
1288 | |
1289 Output from asynchronous subprocesses normally arrives only while | |
1290 Emacs is waiting for some sort of external event, such as elapsed time | |
1291 or terminal input. Occasionally it is useful in a Lisp program to | |
1292 explicitly permit output to arrive at a specific point, or even to wait | |
1293 until output arrives from a process. | |
1294 | |
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|
1295 @defun accept-process-output &optional process seconds millisec just-this-one |
6558 | 1296 This function allows Emacs to read pending output from processes. The |
1297 output is inserted in the associated buffers or given to their filter | |
1298 functions. If @var{process} is non-@code{nil} then this function does | |
1299 not return until some output has been received from @var{process}. | |
1300 | |
1301 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
1302 The arguments @var{seconds} and @var{millisec} let you specify timeout | |
1303 periods. The former specifies a period measured in seconds and the | |
1304 latter specifies one measured in milliseconds. The two time periods | |
1305 thus specified are added together, and @code{accept-process-output} | |
1306 returns after that much time whether or not there has been any | |
1307 subprocess output. | |
1308 | |
12098 | 1309 The argument @var{seconds} need not be an integer. If it is a floating |
1310 point number, this function waits for a fractional number of seconds. | |
6558 | 1311 |
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|
1312 @c Emacs 22.1 feature |
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|
1313 If @var{process} is a process, and the argument @var{just-this-one} is |
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|
1314 non-@code{nil}, only output from that process is handled, suspending output |
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|
1315 from other processes until some output has been received from that |
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|
1316 process or the timeout expires. If @var{just-this-one} is an integer, |
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|
1317 also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not |
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|
1318 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as |
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|
1319 speech synthesis. |
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|
1320 |
6558 | 1321 The function @code{accept-process-output} returns non-@code{nil} if it |
1322 did get some output, or @code{nil} if the timeout expired before output | |
1323 arrived. | |
1324 @end defun | |
1325 | |
1326 @node Sentinels | |
1327 @section Sentinels: Detecting Process Status Changes | |
1328 @cindex process sentinel | |
1329 @cindex sentinel | |
1330 | |
1331 A @dfn{process sentinel} is a function that is called whenever the | |
1332 associated process changes status for any reason, including signals | |
1333 (whether sent by Emacs or caused by the process's own actions) that | |
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|
1334 terminate, stop, or continue the process. The process sentinel is |
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|
1335 also called if the process exits. The sentinel receives two |
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|
1336 arguments: the process for which the event occurred, and a string |
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|
1337 describing the type of event. |
6558 | 1338 |
1339 The string describing the event looks like one of the following: | |
1340 | |
1341 @itemize @bullet | |
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1342 @item |
6558 | 1343 @code{"finished\n"}. |
1344 | |
1345 @item | |
1346 @code{"exited abnormally with code @var{exitcode}\n"}. | |
1347 | |
1348 @item | |
1349 @code{"@var{name-of-signal}\n"}. | |
1350 | |
1351 @item | |
1352 @code{"@var{name-of-signal} (core dumped)\n"}. | |
1353 @end itemize | |
1354 | |
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|
1355 A sentinel runs only while Emacs is waiting (e.g., for terminal |
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1356 input, or for time to elapse, or for process output). This avoids the |
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|
1357 timing errors that could result from running them at random places in |
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|
1358 the middle of other Lisp programs. A program can wait, so that |
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1359 sentinels will run, by calling @code{sit-for} or @code{sleep-for} |
9009 | 1360 (@pxref{Waiting}), or @code{accept-process-output} (@pxref{Accepting |
22138
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1361 Output}). Emacs also allows sentinels to run when the command loop is |
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1362 reading input. @code{delete-process} calls the sentinel when it |
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1363 terminates a running process. |
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1364 |
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1365 Emacs does not keep a queue of multiple reasons to call the sentinel |
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1366 of one process; it records just the current status and the fact that |
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1367 there has been a change. Therefore two changes in status, coming in |
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1368 quick succession, can call the sentinel just once. However, process |
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1369 termination will always run the sentinel exactly once. This is |
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1370 because the process status can't change again after termination. |
6558 | 1371 |
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1372 Emacs explicitly checks for output from the process before running |
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|
1373 the process sentinel. Once the sentinel runs due to process |
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|
1374 termination, no further output can arrive from the process. |
6558 | 1375 |
1376 A sentinel that writes the output into the buffer of the process | |
12098 | 1377 should check whether the buffer is still alive. If it tries to insert |
6558 | 1378 into a dead buffer, it will get an error. If the buffer is dead, |
1379 @code{(buffer-name (process-buffer @var{process}))} returns @code{nil}. | |
1380 | |
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1381 Quitting is normally inhibited within a sentinel---otherwise, the |
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|
1382 effect of typing @kbd{C-g} at command level or to quit a user command |
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|
1383 would be unpredictable. If you want to permit quitting inside a |
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1384 sentinel, bind @code{inhibit-quit} to @code{nil}. In most cases, the |
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|
1385 right way to do this is with the macro @code{with-local-quit}. |
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1386 @xref{Quitting}. |
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1387 |
12067 | 1388 If an error happens during execution of a sentinel, it is caught |
1389 automatically, so that it doesn't stop the execution of whatever | |
1390 programs was running when the sentinel was started. However, if | |
1391 @code{debug-on-error} is non-@code{nil}, the error-catching is turned | |
1392 off. This makes it possible to use the Lisp debugger to debug the | |
1393 sentinel. @xref{Debugger}. | |
1394 | |
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1395 While a sentinel is running, the process sentinel is temporarily |
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1396 set to @code{nil} so that the sentinel won't run recursively. |
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1397 For this reason it is not possible for a sentinel to specify |
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1398 a new sentinel. |
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1399 |
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1400 In earlier Emacs versions, every sentinel that did regular expression |
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1401 searching or matching had to explicitly save and restore the match data. |
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1402 Now Emacs does this automatically for sentinels; they never need to do |
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1403 it explicitly. @xref{Match Data}. |
12098 | 1404 |
6558 | 1405 @defun set-process-sentinel process sentinel |
1406 This function associates @var{sentinel} with @var{process}. If | |
1407 @var{sentinel} is @code{nil}, then the process will have no sentinel. | |
1408 The default behavior when there is no sentinel is to insert a message in | |
1409 the process's buffer when the process status changes. | |
1410 | |
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1411 Changes in process sentinel take effect immediately---if the sentinel |
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1412 is slated to be run but has not been called yet, and you specify a new |
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1413 sentinel, the eventual call to the sentinel will use the new one. |
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|
1414 |
6558 | 1415 @smallexample |
1416 @group | |
1417 (defun msg-me (process event) | |
1418 (princ | |
1419 (format "Process: %s had the event `%s'" process event))) | |
1420 (set-process-sentinel (get-process "shell") 'msg-me) | |
1421 @result{} msg-me | |
1422 @end group | |
1423 @group | |
1424 (kill-process (get-process "shell")) | |
1425 @print{} Process: #<process shell> had the event `killed' | |
1426 @result{} #<process shell> | |
1427 @end group | |
1428 @end smallexample | |
1429 @end defun | |
1430 | |
1431 @defun process-sentinel process | |
1432 This function returns the sentinel of @var{process}, or @code{nil} if it | |
1433 has none. | |
1434 @end defun | |
1435 | |
1436 @defun waiting-for-user-input-p | |
1437 While a sentinel or filter function is running, this function returns | |
1438 non-@code{nil} if Emacs was waiting for keyboard input from the user at | |
1439 the time the sentinel or filter function was called, @code{nil} if it | |
1440 was not. | |
1441 @end defun | |
1442 | |
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1443 @node Query Before Exit |
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1444 @section Querying Before Exit |
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1445 |
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1446 When Emacs exits, it terminates all its subprocesses by sending them |
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(Subprocess Creation): Explain nil in exec-path. Cleanup.
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1447 the @code{SIGHUP} signal. Because subprocesses may be doing |
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1448 valuable work, Emacs normally asks the user to confirm that it is ok |
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1449 to terminate them. Each process has a query flag which, if |
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|
1450 non-@code{nil}, says that Emacs should ask for confirmation before |
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1451 exiting and thus killing that process. The default for the query flag |
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1452 is @code{t}, meaning @emph{do} query. |
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1453 |
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1454 @defun process-query-on-exit-flag process |
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1455 This returns the query flag of @var{process}. |
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1456 @end defun |
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|
1457 |
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1458 @defun set-process-query-on-exit-flag process flag |
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|
1459 This function sets the query flag of @var{process} to @var{flag}. It |
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|
1460 returns @var{flag}. |
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|
1461 |
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|
1462 @smallexample |
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|
1463 @group |
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1464 ;; @r{Don't query about the shell process} |
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1465 (set-process-query-on-exit-flag (get-process "shell") nil) |
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|
1466 @result{} t |
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|
1467 @end group |
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1468 @end smallexample |
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1469 @end defun |
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|
1470 |
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|
1471 @defun process-kill-without-query process &optional do-query |
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|
1472 This function clears the query flag of @var{process}, so that |
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|
1473 Emacs will not query the user on account of that process. |
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|
1474 |
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|
1475 Actually, the function does more than that: it returns the old value of |
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|
1476 the process's query flag, and sets the query flag to @var{do-query}. |
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1477 Please don't use this function to do those things any more---please |
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|
1478 use the newer, cleaner functions @code{process-query-on-exit-flag} and |
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|
1479 @code{set-process-query-on-exit-flag} in all but the simplest cases. |
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|
1480 The only way you should use @code{process-kill-without-query} nowadays |
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|
1481 is like this: |
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|
1482 |
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|
1483 @smallexample |
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|
1484 @group |
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|
1485 ;; @r{Don't query about the shell process} |
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|
1486 (process-kill-without-query (get-process "shell")) |
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|
1487 @end group |
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|
1488 @end smallexample |
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|
1489 @end defun |
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|
1490 |
6558 | 1491 @node Transaction Queues |
1492 @section Transaction Queues | |
1493 @cindex transaction queue | |
1494 | |
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|
1495 You can use a @dfn{transaction queue} to communicate with a subprocess |
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1496 using transactions. First use @code{tq-create} to create a transaction |
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|
1497 queue communicating with a specified process. Then you can call |
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|
1498 @code{tq-enqueue} to send a transaction. |
6558 | 1499 |
1500 @defun tq-create process | |
1501 This function creates and returns a transaction queue communicating with | |
1502 @var{process}. The argument @var{process} should be a subprocess | |
1503 capable of sending and receiving streams of bytes. It may be a child | |
9009 | 1504 process, or it may be a TCP connection to a server, possibly on another |
6558 | 1505 machine. |
1506 @end defun | |
1507 | |
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|
1508 @defun tq-enqueue queue question regexp closure fn &optional delay-question |
6558 | 1509 This function sends a transaction to queue @var{queue}. Specifying the |
1510 queue has the effect of specifying the subprocess to talk to. | |
1511 | |
9009 | 1512 The argument @var{question} is the outgoing message that starts the |
6558 | 1513 transaction. The argument @var{fn} is the function to call when the |
1514 corresponding answer comes back; it is called with two arguments: | |
1515 @var{closure}, and the answer received. | |
1516 | |
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|
1517 The argument @var{regexp} is a regular expression that should match |
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|
1518 text at the end of the entire answer, but nothing before; that's how |
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|
1519 @code{tq-enqueue} determines where the answer ends. |
6558 | 1520 |
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|
1521 If the argument @var{delay-question} is non-nil, delay sending this |
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|
1522 question until the process has finished replying to any previous |
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Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
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|
1523 questions. This produces more reliable results with some processes." |
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|
1524 |
6558 | 1525 The return value of @code{tq-enqueue} itself is not meaningful. |
1526 @end defun | |
1527 | |
1528 @defun tq-close queue | |
1529 Shut down transaction queue @var{queue}, waiting for all pending transactions | |
1530 to complete, and then terminate the connection or child process. | |
1531 @end defun | |
1532 | |
1533 Transaction queues are implemented by means of a filter function. | |
1534 @xref{Filter Functions}. | |
1535 | |
12098 | 1536 @node Network |
1537 @section Network Connections | |
1538 @cindex network connection | |
6558 | 1539 @cindex TCP |
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|
1540 @cindex UDP |
6558 | 1541 |
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|
1542 Emacs Lisp programs can open stream (TCP) and datagram (UDP) network |
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|
1543 connections to other processes on the same machine or other machines. |
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1544 A network connection is handled by Lisp much like a subprocess, and is |
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|
1545 represented by a process object. However, the process you are |
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|
1546 communicating with is not a child of the Emacs process, so it has no |
52978
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Replace @sc{foo} with @acronym{FOO}.
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|
1547 process @acronym{ID}, and you can't kill it or send it signals. All you |
52542
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|
1548 can do is send and receive data. @code{delete-process} closes the |
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|
1549 connection, but does not kill the program at the other end; that |
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|
1550 program must decide what to do about closure of the connection. |
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|
1551 |
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1552 Lisp programs can listen for connections by creating network |
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|
1553 servers. A network server is also represented by a kind of process |
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|
1554 object, but unlike a network connection, the network server never |
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1555 transfers data itself. When it receives a connection request, it |
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1556 creates a new network connection to represent the connection just |
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1557 made. (The network connection inherits certain information, including |
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1558 the process plist, from the server.) The network server then goes |
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1559 back to listening for more connection requests. |
6558 | 1560 |
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1561 Network connections and servers are created by calling |
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|
1562 @code{make-network-process} with an argument list consisting of |
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|
1563 keyword/argument pairs, for example @code{:server t} to create a |
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|
1564 server process, or @code{:type 'datagram} to create a datagram |
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1565 connection. @xref{Low-Level Network}, for details. You can also use |
63560 | 1566 the @code{open-network-stream} function described below. |
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|
1567 |
6558 | 1568 You can distinguish process objects representing network connections |
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1569 and servers from those representing subprocesses with the |
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|
1570 @code{process-status} function. The possible status values for |
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1571 network connections are @code{open}, @code{closed}, @code{connect}, |
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|
1572 and @code{failed}. For a network server, the status is always |
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|
1573 @code{listen}. None of those values is possible for a real |
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|
1574 subprocess. @xref{Process Information}. |
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|
1575 |
54265 | 1576 You can stop and resume operation of a network process by calling |
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|
1577 @code{stop-process} and @code{continue-process}. For a server |
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|
1578 process, being stopped means not accepting new connections. (Up to 5 |
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|
1579 connection requests will be queued for when you resume the server; you |
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|
1580 can increase this limit, unless it is imposed by the operating |
64720 | 1581 system.) For a network stream connection, being stopped means not |
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|
1582 processing input (any arriving input waits until you resume the |
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|
1583 connection). For a datagram connection, some number of packets may be |
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1584 queued but input may be lost. You can use the function |
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|
1585 @code{process-command} to determine whether a network connection or |
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|
1586 server is stopped; a non-@code{nil} value means yes. |
6558 | 1587 |
1588 @defun open-network-stream name buffer-or-name host service | |
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1589 This function opens a TCP connection, and returns a process object |
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|
1590 that represents the connection. |
6558 | 1591 |
1592 The @var{name} argument specifies the name for the process object. It | |
1593 is modified as necessary to make it unique. | |
1594 | |
1595 The @var{buffer-or-name} argument is the buffer to associate with the | |
1596 connection. Output from the connection is inserted in the buffer, | |
1597 unless you specify a filter function to handle the output. If | |
1598 @var{buffer-or-name} is @code{nil}, it means that the connection is not | |
1599 associated with any buffer. | |
1600 | |
1601 The arguments @var{host} and @var{service} specify where to connect to; | |
1602 @var{host} is the host name (a string), and @var{service} is the name of | |
1603 a defined network service (a string) or a port number (an integer). | |
1604 @end defun | |
52401 | 1605 |
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1606 @defun process-contact process &optional key |
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1607 This function returns information about how a network process was set |
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1608 up. For a connection, when @var{key} is @code{nil}, it returns |
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1609 @code{(@var{hostname} @var{service})} which specifies what you |
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1610 connected to. |
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1611 |
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1612 If @var{key} is @code{t}, the value is the complete status information |
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1613 for the connection or server; that is, the list of keywords and values |
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1614 specified in @code{make-network-process}, except that some of the |
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1615 values represent the current status instead of what you specified: |
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1616 |
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1617 @table @code |
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1618 @item :buffer |
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1619 The associated value is the process buffer. |
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1620 @item :filter |
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1621 The associated value is the process filter function. |
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1622 @item :sentinel |
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1623 The associated value is the process sentinel function. |
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1624 @item :remote |
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1625 In a connection, this is the address in internal format of the remote peer. |
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1626 @item :local |
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1627 The local address, in internal format. |
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1628 @item :service |
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1629 In a server, if you specified @code{t} for @var{service}, |
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1630 this value is the actual port number. |
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1631 @end table |
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1632 |
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1633 @code{:local} and @code{:remote} are included even if they were not |
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1634 specified explicitly in @code{make-network-process}. |
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1635 |
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1636 If @var{key} is a keyword, the function returns the value corresponding |
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1637 to that keyword. |
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1638 |
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1639 For an ordinary child process, this function always returns @code{t}. |
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1640 @end defun |
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1641 |
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1642 @node Network Servers |
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1643 @section Network Servers |
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1644 |
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1645 You create a server by calling @code{make-network-process} with |
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1646 @code{:server t}. The server will listen for connection requests from |
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1647 clients. When it accepts a client connection request, that creates a |
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1648 new network connection, itself a process object, with the following |
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1649 parameters: |
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1650 |
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1651 @itemize @bullet |
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1652 @item |
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1653 The connection's process name is constructed by concatenating the |
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1654 server process' @var{name} with a client identification string. The |
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|
1655 client identification string for an IPv4 connection looks like |
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1656 @samp{<@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d}:@var{p}>}. Otherwise, it is a |
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|
1657 unique number in brackets, as in @samp{<@var{nnn}>}. The number |
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1658 is unique for each connection in the Emacs session. |
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1659 |
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|
1660 @item |
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|
1661 If the server's filter is non-@code{nil}, the connection process does |
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1662 not get a separate process buffer; otherwise, Emacs creates a new |
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|
1663 buffer for the purpose. The buffer name is the server's buffer name |
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|
1664 or process name, concatenated with the client identification string. |
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|
1665 |
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|
1666 The server's process buffer value is never used directly by Emacs, but |
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|
1667 it is passed to the log function, which can log connections by |
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|
1668 inserting text there. |
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1669 |
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|
1670 @item |
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|
1671 The communication type and the process filter and sentinel are |
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|
1672 inherited from those of the server. The server never directly |
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|
1673 uses its filter and sentinel; their sole purpose is to initialize |
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|
1674 connections made to the server. |
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|
1675 |
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|
1676 @item |
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|
1677 The connection's process contact info is set according to the client's |
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|
1678 addressing information (typically an IP address and a port number). |
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|
1679 This information is associated with the @code{process-contact} |
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|
1680 keywords @code{:host}, @code{:service}, @code{:remote}. |
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|
1681 |
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|
1682 @item |
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|
1683 The connection's local address is set up according to the port |
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|
1684 number used for the connection. |
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|
1685 |
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|
1686 @item |
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1687 The client process' plist is initialized from the server's plist. |
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1688 @end itemize |
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|
1689 |
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|
1690 @node Datagrams |
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1691 @section Datagrams |
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|
1692 @cindex datagrams |
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|
1693 |
54265 | 1694 A datagram connection communicates with individual packets rather |
1695 than streams of data. Each call to @code{process-send} sends one | |
1696 datagram packet (@pxref{Input to Processes}), and each datagram | |
1697 received results in one call to the filter function. | |
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|
1698 |
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|
1699 The datagram connection doesn't have to talk with the same remote |
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|
1700 peer all the time. It has a @dfn{remote peer address} which specifies |
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|
1701 where to send datagrams to. Each time an incoming datagram is passed |
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|
1702 to the filter function, the peer address is set to the address that |
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|
1703 datagram came from; that way, if the filter function sends a datagram, |
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|
1704 it will go back to that place. You can specify the remote peer |
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|
1705 address when you create the datagram connection using the |
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|
1706 @code{:remote} keyword. You can change it later on by calling |
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|
1707 @code{set-process-datagram-address}. |
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|
1708 |
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|
1709 @defun process-datagram-address process |
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1710 If @var{process} is a datagram connection or server, this function |
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|
1711 returns its remote peer address. |
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|
1712 @end defun |
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1713 |
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|
1714 @defun set-process-datagram-address process address |
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|
1715 If @var{process} is a datagram connection or server, this function |
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1716 sets its remote peer address to @var{address}. |
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|
1717 @end defun |
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|
1718 |
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|
1719 @node Low-Level Network |
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|
1720 @section Low-Level Network Access |
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|
1721 |
64913
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|
1722 You can also create network connections by operating at a lower |
989a5fc8da03
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1723 level that that of @code{open-network-stream}, using |
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1724 @code{make-network-process}. |
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1725 |
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|
1726 @menu |
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|
1727 * Make Network:: Using @code{make-network-process}. |
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|
1728 * Network Options:: Further control over network connections. |
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(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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|
1729 * Network Feature Testing:: Determining which network features work on |
989a5fc8da03
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|
1730 the machine you are using. |
989a5fc8da03
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|
1731 @end menu |
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|
1732 |
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|
1733 @node Make Network |
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|
1734 @subsection @code{make-network-process} |
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(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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|
1735 |
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|
1736 The basic function for creating network connections and network |
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|
1737 servers is @code{make-network-process}. It can do either of those |
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|
1738 jobs, depending on the arguments you give it. |
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|
1739 |
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|
1740 @defun make-network-process &rest args |
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|
1741 This function creates a network connection or server and returns the |
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|
1742 process object that represents it. The arguments @var{args} are a |
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|
1743 list of keyword/argument pairs. Omitting a keyword is always |
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|
1744 equivalent to specifying it with value @code{nil}, except for |
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(Network, Network Servers): Fix typos.
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|
1745 @code{:coding}, @code{:filter-multibyte}, and @code{:reuseaddr}. Here |
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(Network, Network Servers): Fix typos.
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|
1746 are the meaningful keywords: |
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|
1747 |
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|
1748 @table @asis |
62230
98c45ed7ca3f
(Low-Level Network): Fix typo.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
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diff
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|
1749 @item :name @var{name} |
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|
1750 Use the string @var{name} as the process name. It is modified if |
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|
1751 necessary to make it unique. |
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|
1752 |
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|
1753 @item :type @var{type} |
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1754 Specify the communication type. A value of @code{nil} specifies a |
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1755 stream connection (the default); @code{datagram} specifies a datagram |
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1756 connection. Both connections and servers can be of either type. |
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|
1757 |
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1758 @item :server @var{server-flag} |
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1759 If @var{server-flag} is non-@code{nil}, create a server. Otherwise, |
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|
1760 create a connection. For a stream type server, @var{server-flag} may |
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|
1761 be an integer which then specifies the length of the queue of pending |
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|
1762 connections to the server. The default queue length is 5. |
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|
1763 |
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|
1764 @item :host @var{host} |
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|
1765 Specify the host to connect to. @var{host} should be a host name or |
70603 | 1766 Internet address, as a string, or the symbol @code{local} to specify |
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1767 the local host. If you specify @var{host} for a server, it must |
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|
1768 specify a valid address for the local host, and only clients |
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1769 connecting to that address will be accepted. |
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|
1770 |
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|
1771 @item :service @var{service} |
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1772 @var{service} specifies a port number to connect to, or, for a server, |
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|
1773 the port number to listen on. It should be a service name that |
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1774 translates to a port number, or an integer specifying the port number |
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1775 directly. For a server, it can also be @code{t}, which means to let |
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1776 the system select an unused port number. |
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1777 |
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1778 @item :family @var{family} |
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1779 @var{family} specifies the address (and protocol) family for |
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1780 communication. @code{nil} means determine the proper address family |
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1781 automatically for the given @var{host} and @var{service}. |
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1782 @code{local} specifies a Unix socket, in which case @var{host} is |
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1783 ignored. @code{ipv4} and @code{ipv6} specify to use IPv4 and IPv6 |
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1784 respectively. |
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1785 |
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1786 @item :local @var{local-address} |
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1787 For a server process, @var{local-address} is the address to listen on. |
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1788 It overrides @var{family}, @var{host} and @var{service}, and you |
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1789 may as well not specify them. |
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1790 |
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1791 @item :remote @var{remote-address} |
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1792 For a connection, @var{remote-address} is the address to connect to. |
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1793 It overrides @var{family}, @var{host} and @var{service}, and you |
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1794 may as well not specify them. |
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1795 |
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1796 For a datagram server, @var{remote-address} specifies the initial |
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1797 setting of the remote datagram address. |
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1798 |
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1799 The format of @var{local-address} or @var{remote-address} depends on |
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1800 the address family: |
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1801 |
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1802 @itemize - |
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1803 @item |
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1804 An IPv4 address is represented as a five-element vector of four 8-bit |
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1805 integers and one 16-bit integer |
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1806 @code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]} corresponding to |
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1807 numeric IPv4 address @var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port number |
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1808 @var{p}. |
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1809 |
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1810 @item |
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1811 An IPv6 address is represented as a nine-element vector of 16-bit |
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1812 integers @code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{e} @var{f} |
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1813 @var{g} @var{h} @var{p}]} corresponding to numeric IPv6 address |
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1814 @var{a}:@var{b}:@var{c}:@var{d}:@var{e}:@var{f}:@var{g}:@var{h} and |
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1815 port number @var{p}. |
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1816 |
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1817 @item |
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1818 A local address is represented as a string which specifies the address |
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1819 in the local address space. |
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1820 |
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1821 @item |
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1822 An ``unsupported family'' address is represented by a cons |
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1823 @code{(@var{f} . @var{av})}, where @var{f} is the family number and |
54265 | 1824 @var{av} is a vector specifying the socket address using one element |
1825 per address data byte. Do not rely on this format in portable code, | |
1826 as it may depend on implementation defined constants, data sizes, and | |
1827 data structure alignment. | |
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1828 @end itemize |
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1829 |
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1830 @item :nowait @var{bool} |
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1831 If @var{bool} is non-@code{nil} for a stream connection, return |
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1832 without waiting for the connection to complete. When the connection |
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1833 succeeds or fails, Emacs will call the sentinel function, with a |
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1834 second argument matching @code{"open"} (if successful) or |
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1835 @code{"failed"}. The default is to block, so that |
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1836 @code{make-network-process} does not return until the connection |
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1837 has succeeded or failed. |
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1838 |
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1839 @item :stop @var{stopped} |
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1840 Start the network connection or server in the `stopped' state if |
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1841 @var{stopped} is non-@code{nil}. |
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1842 |
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1843 @item :buffer @var{buffer} |
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1844 Use @var{buffer} as the process buffer. |
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1845 |
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1846 @item :coding @var{coding} |
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1847 Use @var{coding} as the coding system for this process. To specify |
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1848 different coding systems for decoding data from the connection and for |
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1849 encoding data sent to it, specify @code{(@var{decoding} . |
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1850 @var{encoding})} for @var{coding}. |
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1851 |
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1852 If you don't specify this keyword at all, the default |
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1853 is to determine the coding systems from the data. |
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1854 |
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1855 @item :noquery @var{query-flag} |
63560 | 1856 Initialize the process query flag to @var{query-flag}. |
1857 @xref{Query Before Exit}. | |
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1858 |
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1859 @item :filter @var{filter} |
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1860 Initialize the process filter to @var{filter}. |
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1861 |
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1862 @item :filter-multibyte @var{bool} |
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1863 If @var{bool} is non-@code{nil}, strings given to the process filter |
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1864 are multibyte, otherwise they are unibyte. If you don't specify this |
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1865 keyword at all, the default is that the strings are multibyte if |
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1866 @code{default-enable-multibyte-characters} is non-@code{nil}. |
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1867 |
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1868 @item :sentinel @var{sentinel} |
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1869 Initialize the process sentinel to @var{sentinel}. |
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1870 |
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1871 @item :log @var{log} |
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1872 Initialize the log function of a server process to @var{log}. The log |
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1873 function is called each time the server accepts a network connection |
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1874 from a client. The arguments passed to the log function are |
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1875 @var{server}, @var{connection}, and @var{message}, where @var{server} |
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1876 is the server process, @var{connection} is the new process for the |
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1877 connection, and @var{message} is a string describing what has |
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1878 happened. |
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1879 |
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1880 @item :plist @var{plist} |
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1881 Initialize the process plist to @var{plist}. |
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1882 @end table |
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1883 |
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1884 The original argument list, modified with the actual connection |
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1885 information, is available via the @code{process-contact} function. |
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1886 @end defun |
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1887 |
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1888 @node Network Options |
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1889 @subsection Network Options |
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1890 |
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1891 The following network options can be specified when you create a |
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1892 network process. Except for @code{:reuseaddr}, you can also set or |
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1893 modify these options later, using @code{set-network-process-option}. |
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1894 |
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1895 For a server process, the options specified with |
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1896 @code{make-network-process} are not inherited by the client |
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1897 connections, so you will need to set the necessary options for each |
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1898 child connection as it is created. |
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1899 |
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1900 @table @asis |
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1901 @item :bindtodevice @var{device-name} |
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1902 If @var{device-name} is a non-empty string identifying a network |
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1903 interface name (see @code{network-interface-list}), only handle |
54777 | 1904 packets received on that interface. If @var{device-name} is @code{nil} |
1905 (the default), handle packets received on any interface. | |
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1906 |
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1907 Using this option may require special privileges on some systems. |
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1908 |
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1909 @item :broadcast @var{broadcast-flag} |
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1910 If @var{broadcast-flag} is non-@code{nil} for a datagram process, the |
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1911 process will receive datagram packet sent to a broadcast address, and |
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1912 be able to send packets to a broadcast address. Ignored for a stream |
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1913 connection. |
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1914 |
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1915 @item :dontroute @var{dontroute-flag} |
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1916 If @var{dontroute-flag} is non-@code{nil}, the process can only send |
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1917 to hosts on the same network as the local host. |
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1918 |
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1919 @item :keepalive @var{keepalive-flag} |
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1920 If @var{keepalive-flag} is non-@code{nil} for a stream connection, |
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1921 enable exchange of low-level keep-alive messages. |
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1922 |
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1923 @item :linger @var{linger-arg} |
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1924 If @var{linger-arg} is non-@code{nil}, wait for successful |
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1925 transmission of all queued packets on the connection before it is |
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1926 deleted (see @code{delete-process}). If @var{linger-arg} is an |
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1927 integer, it specifies the maximum time in seconds to wait for queued |
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1928 packets to be sent before closing the connection. Default is |
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1929 @code{nil} which means to discard unsent queued packets when the |
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1930 process is deleted. |
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1931 |
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1932 @item :oobinline @var{oobinline-flag} |
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1933 If @var{oobinline-flag} is non-@code{nil} for a stream connection, |
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1934 receive out-of-band data in the normal data stream. Otherwise, ignore |
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1935 out-of-band data. |
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1936 |
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1937 @item :priority @var{priority} |
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1938 Set the priority for packets sent on this connection to the integer |
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1939 @var{priority}. The interpretation of this number is protocol |
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1940 specific, such as setting the TOS (type of service) field on IP |
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1941 packets sent on this connection. It may also have system dependent |
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1942 effects, such as selecting a specific output queue on the network |
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1943 interface. |
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1944 |
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1945 @item :reuseaddr @var{reuseaddr-flag} |
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1946 If @var{reuseaddr-flag} is non-@code{nil} (the default) for a stream |
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1947 server process, allow this server to reuse a specific port number (see |
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1948 @code{:service}) unless another process on this host is already |
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1949 listening on that port. If @var{reuseaddr-flag} is @code{nil}, there |
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1950 may be a period of time after the last use of that port (by any |
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1951 process on the host), where it is not possible to make a new server on |
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1952 that port. |
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1953 @end table |
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1954 |
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1955 @defun set-network-process-option process option value |
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1956 This function sets or modifies a network option for network process |
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1957 @var{process}. See @code{make-network-process} for details of options |
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1958 @var{option} and their corresponding values @var{value}. |
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1959 |
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1960 The current setting of an option is available via the |
54864 | 1961 @code{process-contact} function. |
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1962 @end defun |
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1963 |
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1964 @node Network Feature Testing |
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1965 @subsection Testing Availability of Network Features |
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1966 |
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1967 To test for the availability of a given network feature, use |
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1968 @code{featurep} like this: |
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1969 |
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1970 @example |
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1971 (featurep 'make-network-process '(@var{keyword} @var{value})) |
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1972 @end example |
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1973 |
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1974 @noindent |
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1975 The result of the first form is @code{t} if it works to specify |
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1976 @var{keyword} with value @var{value} in @code{make-network-process}. |
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1977 The result of the second form is @code{t} if @var{keyword} is |
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1978 supported by @code{make-network-process}. Here are some of the |
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1979 @var{keyword}---@var{value} pairs you can test in |
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1980 this way. |
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1981 |
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1982 @table @code |
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1983 @item (:nowait t) |
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1984 Non-@code{nil} if non-blocking connect is supported. |
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1985 @item (:type datagram) |
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1986 Non-@code{nil} if datagrams are supported. |
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1987 @item (:family local) |
70603 | 1988 Non-@code{nil} if local (a.k.a.@: ``UNIX domain'') sockets are supported. |
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1989 @item (:family ipv6) |
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1990 Non-@code{nil} if IPv6 is supported. |
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1991 @item (:service t) |
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1992 Non-@code{nil} if the system can select the port for a server. |
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1993 @end table |
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1994 |
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1995 To test for the availability of a given network option, use |
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1996 @code{featurep} like this: |
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1997 |
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1998 @example |
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1999 (featurep 'make-network-process '@var{keyword}) |
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2000 @end example |
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2001 |
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2002 @noindent |
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2003 Here are some of the options you can test in this way. |
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2004 |
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2005 @table @code |
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2006 @item :bindtodevice |
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|
2007 @itemx :broadcast |
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|
2008 @itemx :dontroute |
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diff
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|
2009 @itemx :keepalive |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2010 @itemx :linger |
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(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2011 @itemx :oobinline |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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|
2012 @itemx :priority |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
2013 @itemx :reuseaddr |
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(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2014 That particular network option is supported by |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64889
diff
changeset
|
2015 @code{make-network-process} and @code{set-network-process-option}. |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
64889
diff
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|
2016 @end table |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2017 |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2018 @node Misc Network |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2019 @section Misc Network Facilities |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2020 |
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(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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diff
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|
2021 These additional functions are useful for creating and operating |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
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diff
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|
2022 on network connections. |
989a5fc8da03
(Misc Network, Network Feature Testing)
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2023 |
52542
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2024 @defun network-interface-list |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2025 This function returns a list describing the network interfaces |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2026 of the machine you are using. The value is an alist whose |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2027 elements have the form @code{(@var{name} . @var{address})}. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2028 @var{address} has the same form as the @var{local-address} |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2029 and @var{remote-address} arguments to @code{make-network-process}. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2030 @end defun |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2031 |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2032 @defun network-interface-info ifname |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2033 This function returns information about the network interface named |
63560 | 2034 @var{ifname}. The value is a list of the form |
2035 @code{(@var{addr} @var{bcast} @var{netmask} @var{hwaddr} @var{flags})}. | |
52542
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2036 |
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(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2037 @table @var |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2038 @item addr |
70603 | 2039 The Internet protocol address. |
52542
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2040 @item bcast |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2041 The broadcast address. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2042 @item netmask |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2043 The network mask. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2044 @item hwaddr |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2045 The layer 2 address (Ethernet MAC address, for instance). |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2046 @item flags |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2047 The current flags of the interface. |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2048 @end table |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2049 @end defun |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2050 |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2051 @defun format-network-address address &optional omit-port |
52759 | 2052 This function converts the Lisp representation of a network address to |
68009
dd865bff7357
(Make Network): Add IPv6 addresses and handling.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
67044
diff
changeset
|
2053 a string. |
68029
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2054 |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2055 A five-element vector @code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{p}]} |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2056 represents an IPv4 address @var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d} and port |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2057 number @var{p}. @code{format-network-address} converts that to the |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2058 string @code{"@var{a}.@var{b}.@var{c}.@var{d}:@var{p}"}. |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2059 |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2060 A nine-element vector @code{[@var{a} @var{b} @var{c} @var{d} @var{e} |
68009
dd865bff7357
(Make Network): Add IPv6 addresses and handling.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
67044
diff
changeset
|
2061 @var{f} @var{g} @var{h} @var{p}]} represents an IPv6 address and port |
dd865bff7357
(Make Network): Add IPv6 addresses and handling.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
67044
diff
changeset
|
2062 number. @code{format-network-address} converts that to the string |
dd865bff7357
(Make Network): Add IPv6 addresses and handling.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
67044
diff
changeset
|
2063 @code{"[@var{a}:@var{b}:@var{c}:@var{d}:@var{e}:@var{f}:@var{g}:@var{h}]:@var{p}"}. |
52542
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2064 |
68029
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2065 If the vector does not include the port number, @var{p}, or if |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2066 @var{omit-port} is non-@code{nil}, the result does not include the |
61a03413f18b
(Misc Network, Make Network): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
68010
diff
changeset
|
2067 @code{:@var{p}} suffix. |
52542
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2068 @end defun |
0df4c5163e4e
(Process Information): Add list-processes arg QUERY-ONLY.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
2069 |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2070 @node Byte Packing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2071 @section Packing and Unpacking Byte Arrays |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2072 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2073 This section describes how to pack and unpack arrays of bytes, |
63563
c78918330811
(Byte Packing): Fix ungrammatical sentence.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
63562
diff
changeset
|
2074 usually for binary network protocols. These functions convert byte arrays |
c78918330811
(Byte Packing): Fix ungrammatical sentence.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
63562
diff
changeset
|
2075 to alists, and vice versa. The byte array can be represented as a |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2076 unibyte string or as a vector of integers, while the alist associates |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2077 symbols either with fixed-size objects or with recursive sub-alists. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2078 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2079 @cindex serializing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2080 @cindex deserializing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2081 @cindex packing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2082 @cindex unpacking |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2083 Conversion from byte arrays to nested alists is also known as |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2084 @dfn{deserializing} or @dfn{unpacking}, while going in the opposite |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2085 direction is also known as @dfn{serializing} or @dfn{packing}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2086 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2087 @menu |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2088 * Bindat Spec:: Describing data layout. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2089 * Bindat Functions:: Doing the unpacking and packing. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2090 * Bindat Examples:: Samples of what bindat.el can do for you! |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2091 @end menu |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2092 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2093 @node Bindat Spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2094 @subsection Describing Data Layout |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2095 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2096 To control unpacking and packing, you write a @dfn{data layout |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2097 specification}, a special nested list describing named and typed |
63568 | 2098 @dfn{fields}. This specification controls length of each field to be |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2099 processed, and how to pack or unpack it. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2100 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2101 @cindex endianness |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2102 @cindex big endian |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2103 @cindex little endian |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2104 @cindex network byte ordering |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2105 A field's @dfn{type} describes the size (in bytes) of the object |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2106 that the field represents and, in the case of multibyte fields, how |
63560 | 2107 the bytes are ordered within the field. The two possible orderings |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2108 are ``big endian'' (also known as ``network byte ordering'') and |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2109 ``little endian''. For instance, the number @code{#x23cd} (decimal |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2110 9165) in big endian would be the two bytes @code{#x23} @code{#xcd}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2111 and in little endian, @code{#xcd} @code{#x23}. Here are the possible |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2112 type values: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2113 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2114 @table @code |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2115 @item u8 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2116 @itemx byte |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2117 Unsigned byte, with length 1. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2118 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2119 @item u16 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2120 @itemx word |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2121 @itemx short |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2122 Unsigned integer in network byte order, with length 2. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2123 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2124 @item u24 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2125 Unsigned integer in network byte order, with length 3. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2126 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2127 @item u32 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2128 @itemx dword |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2129 @itemx long |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2130 Unsigned integer in network byte order, with length 4. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2131 Note: These values may be limited by Emacs' integer implementation limits. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2132 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2133 @item u16r |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2134 @itemx u24r |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2135 @itemx u32r |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2136 Unsigned integer in little endian order, with length 2, 3 and 4, respectively. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2137 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2138 @item str @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2139 String of length @var{len}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2140 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2141 @item strz @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2142 Zero-terminated string of length @var{len}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2143 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2144 @item vec @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2145 Vector of @var{len} bytes. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2146 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2147 @item ip |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2148 Four-byte vector representing an Internet address. For example: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2149 @code{[127 0 0 1]} for localhost. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2150 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2151 @item bits @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2152 List of set bits in @var{len} bytes. The bytes are taken in big |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2153 endian order and the bits are numbered starting with @code{8 * |
63560 | 2154 @var{len} @minus{} 1} and ending with zero. For example: @code{bits |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2155 2} unpacks @code{#x28} @code{#x1c} to @code{(2 3 4 11 13)} and |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2156 @code{#x1c} @code{#x28} to @code{(3 5 10 11 12)}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2157 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2158 @item (eval @var{form}) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2159 @var{form} is a Lisp expression evaluated at the moment the field is |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2160 unpacked or packed. The result of the evaluation should be one of the |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2161 above-listed type specifications. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2162 @end table |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2163 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2164 A field specification generally has the form @code{([@var{name}] |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2165 @var{handler})}. The square braces indicate that @var{name} is |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2166 optional. (Don't use names that are symbols meaningful as type |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2167 specifications (above) or handler specifications (below), since that |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2168 would be ambiguous.) @var{name} can be a symbol or the expression |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2169 @code{(eval @var{form})}, in which case @var{form} should evaluate to |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2170 a symbol. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2171 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2172 @var{handler} describes how to unpack or pack the field and can be one |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2173 of the following: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2174 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2175 @table @code |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2176 @item @var{type} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2177 Unpack/pack this field according to the type specification @var{type}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2178 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2179 @item eval @var{form} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2180 Evaluate @var{form}, a Lisp expression, for side-effect only. If the |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2181 field name is specified, the value is bound to that field name. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2182 @var{form} can access and update these dynamically bound variables: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2183 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2184 @table @code |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2185 @item bindat-raw |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2186 The data as a byte array. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2187 |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2188 @item bindat-idx |
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2189 Current index into bindat-raw of the unpacking or packing operation. |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2190 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2191 @item struct |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2192 Alist. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2193 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2194 @item last |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2195 Value of the last field processed. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2196 @end table |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2197 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2198 @item fill @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2199 Skip @var{len} bytes. In packing, this leaves them unchanged, |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2200 which normally means they remain zero. In unpacking, this means |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2201 they are ignored. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2202 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2203 @item align @var{len} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2204 Skip to the next multiple of @var{len} bytes. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2205 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2206 @item struct @var{spec-name} |
63560 | 2207 Process @var{spec-name} as a sub-specification. This describes a |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2208 structure nested within another structure. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2209 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2210 @item union @var{form} (@var{tag} @var{spec})@dots{} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2211 @c ??? I don't see how one would actually use this. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2212 @c ??? what kind of expression would be useful for @var{form}? |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2213 Evaluate @var{form}, a Lisp expression, find the first @var{tag} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2214 that matches it, and process its associated data layout specification |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2215 @var{spec}. Matching can occur in one of three ways: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2216 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2217 @itemize |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2218 @item |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2219 If a @var{tag} has the form @code{(eval @var{expr})}, evaluate |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2220 @var{expr} with the variable @code{tag} dynamically bound to the value |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2221 of @var{form}. A non-@code{nil} result indicates a match. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2222 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2223 @item |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2224 @var{tag} matches if it is @code{equal} to the value of @var{form}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2225 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2226 @item |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2227 @var{tag} matches unconditionally if it is @code{t}. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2228 @end itemize |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2229 |
71394
4b4feab31516
(Bindat Spec): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71035
diff
changeset
|
2230 @item repeat @var{count} @var{field-specs}@dots{} |
4b4feab31516
(Bindat Spec): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71035
diff
changeset
|
2231 Process the @var{field-specs} recursively, in order, then repeat |
4b4feab31516
(Bindat Spec): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71035
diff
changeset
|
2232 starting from the first one, processing all the specs @var{count} |
4b4feab31516
(Bindat Spec): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71035
diff
changeset
|
2233 times overall. @var{count} may be an integer, or a list of one |
4b4feab31516
(Bindat Spec): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71035
diff
changeset
|
2234 element that names a previous field. For correct operation, each spec |
4b4feab31516
(Bindat Spec): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71035
diff
changeset
|
2235 in @var{field-specs} must include a name. |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2236 @end table |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2237 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2238 @node Bindat Functions |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2239 @subsection Functions to Unpack and Pack Bytes |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2240 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2241 In the following documentation, @var{spec} refers to a data layout |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2242 specification, @code{bindat-raw} to a byte array, and @var{struct} to an |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2243 alist representing unpacked field data. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2244 |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2245 @defun bindat-unpack spec bindat-raw &optional bindat-idx |
70907
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2246 This function unpacks data from the unibyte string or byte |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2247 array @code{bindat-raw} |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2248 according to @var{spec}. Normally this starts unpacking at the |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2249 beginning of the byte array, but if @var{bindat-idx} is non-@code{nil}, it |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2250 specifies a zero-based starting position to use instead. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2251 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2252 The value is an alist or nested alist in which each element describes |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2253 one unpacked field. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2254 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2255 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2256 @defun bindat-get-field struct &rest name |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2257 This function selects a field's data from the nested alist |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2258 @var{struct}. Usually @var{struct} was returned by |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2259 @code{bindat-unpack}. If @var{name} corresponds to just one argument, |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2260 that means to extract a top-level field value. Multiple @var{name} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2261 arguments specify repeated lookup of sub-structures. An integer name |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2262 acts as an array index. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2263 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2264 For example, if @var{name} is @code{(a b 2 c)}, that means to find |
67044
a40ac89f9800
(Bindat Functions): Say "third" to refer to zero-based index "2".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
66152
diff
changeset
|
2265 field @code{c} in the third element of subfield @code{b} of field |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2266 @code{a}. (This corresponds to @code{struct.a.b[2].c} in C.) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2267 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2268 |
70985
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2269 Although packing and unpacking operations change the organization of |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2270 data (in memory), they preserve the data's @dfn{total length}, which is |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2271 the sum of all the fields' lengths, in bytes. This value is not |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2272 generally inherent in either the specification or alist alone; instead, |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2273 both pieces of information contribute to its calculation. Likewise, the |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2274 length of a string or array being unpacked may be longer than the data's |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2275 total length as described by the specification. |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2276 |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2277 @defun bindat-length spec struct |
70985
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2278 This function returns the total length of the data in @var{struct}, |
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2279 according to @var{spec}. |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2280 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2281 |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2282 @defun bindat-pack spec struct &optional bindat-raw bindat-idx |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2283 This function returns a byte array packed according to @var{spec} from |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2284 the data in the alist @var{struct}. Normally it creates and fills a |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2285 new byte array starting at the beginning. However, if @var{bindat-raw} |
70907
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2286 is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a pre-allocated unibyte string or vector to |
71035
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2287 pack into. If @var{bindat-idx} is non-@code{nil}, it specifies the starting |
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2288 offset for packing into @code{bindat-raw}. |
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2289 |
3574bac9e172
(Bindat Functions): Rename `pos' and `raw-data' to
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
71013
diff
changeset
|
2290 When pre-allocating, you should make sure @code{(length @var{bindat-raw})} |
70985
183e16c7e0b2
(Bindat Functions): Explain term "total length".
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70907
diff
changeset
|
2291 meets or exceeds the total length to avoid an out-of-range error. |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2292 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2293 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2294 @defun bindat-ip-to-string ip |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2295 Convert the Internet address vector @var{ip} to a string in the usual |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2296 dotted notation. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2297 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2298 @example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2299 (bindat-ip-to-string [127 0 0 1]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2300 @result{} "127.0.0.1" |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2301 @end example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2302 @end defun |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2303 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2304 @node Bindat Examples |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2305 @subsection Examples of Byte Unpacking and Packing |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2306 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2307 Here is a complete example of byte unpacking and packing: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2308 |
63569
bd65461db3b8
(Bindat Examples): Move @lisp to beginning of line. (Whitespace change.)
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
63568
diff
changeset
|
2309 @lisp |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2310 (defvar fcookie-index-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2311 '((:version u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2312 (:count u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2313 (:longest u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2314 (:shortest u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2315 (:flags u32) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2316 (:delim u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2317 (:ignored fill 3) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2318 (:offset repeat (:count) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2319 (:foo u32))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2320 "Description of a fortune cookie index file's contents.") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2321 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2322 (defun fcookie (cookies &optional index) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2323 "Display a random fortune cookie from file COOKIES. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2324 Optional second arg INDEX specifies the associated index |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2325 filename, which is by default constructed by appending |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2326 \".dat\" to COOKIES. Display cookie text in possibly |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2327 new buffer \"*Fortune Cookie: BASENAME*\" where BASENAME |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2328 is COOKIES without the directory part." |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2329 (interactive "fCookies file: ") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2330 (let* ((info (with-temp-buffer |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2331 (insert-file-contents-literally |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2332 (or index (concat cookies ".dat"))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2333 (bindat-unpack fcookie-index-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2334 (buffer-string)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2335 (sel (random (bindat-get-field info :count))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2336 (beg (cdar (bindat-get-field info :offset sel))) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2337 (end (or (cdar (bindat-get-field info |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2338 :offset (1+ sel))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2339 (nth 7 (file-attributes cookies))))) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2340 (switch-to-buffer |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2341 (get-buffer-create |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2342 (format "*Fortune Cookie: %s*" |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2343 (file-name-nondirectory cookies)))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2344 (erase-buffer) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2345 (insert-file-contents-literally |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2346 cookies nil beg (- end 3)))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2347 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2348 (defun fcookie-create-index (cookies &optional index delim) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2349 "Scan file COOKIES, and write out its index file. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2350 Optional second arg INDEX specifies the index filename, |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2351 which is by default constructed by appending \".dat\" to |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2352 COOKIES. Optional third arg DELIM specifies the unibyte |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2353 character which, when found on a line of its own in |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2354 COOKIES, indicates the border between entries." |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2355 (interactive "fCookies file: ") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2356 (setq delim (or delim ?%)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2357 (let ((delim-line (format "\n%c\n" delim)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2358 (count 0) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2359 (max 0) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2360 min p q len offsets) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2361 (unless (= 3 (string-bytes delim-line)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2362 (error "Delimiter cannot be represented in one byte")) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2363 (with-temp-buffer |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2364 (insert-file-contents-literally cookies) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2365 (while (and (setq p (point)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2366 (search-forward delim-line (point-max) t) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2367 (setq len (- (point) 3 p))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2368 (setq count (1+ count) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2369 max (max max len) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2370 min (min (or min max) len) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2371 offsets (cons (1- p) offsets)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2372 (with-temp-buffer |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2373 (set-buffer-multibyte nil) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2374 (insert |
70907
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2375 (bindat-pack |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2376 fcookie-index-spec |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2377 `((:version . 2) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2378 (:count . ,count) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2379 (:longest . ,max) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2380 (:shortest . ,min) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2381 (:flags . 0) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2382 (:delim . ,delim) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2383 (:offset . ,(mapcar (lambda (o) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2384 (list (cons :foo o))) |
4f3bfa0df084
(Bindat Functions): Say "unibyte string"
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
70603
diff
changeset
|
2385 (nreverse offsets)))))) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2386 (let ((coding-system-for-write 'raw-text-unix)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2387 (write-file (or index (concat cookies ".dat"))))))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2388 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2389 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2390 Following is an example of defining and unpacking a complex structure. |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2391 Consider the following C structures: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2392 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2393 @example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2394 struct header @{ |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2395 unsigned long dest_ip; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2396 unsigned long src_ip; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2397 unsigned short dest_port; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2398 unsigned short src_port; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2399 @}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2400 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2401 struct data @{ |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2402 unsigned char type; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2403 unsigned char opcode; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2404 unsigned long length; /* In little endian order */ |
63560 | 2405 unsigned char id[8]; /* null-terminated string */ |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2406 unsigned char data[/* (length + 3) & ~3 */]; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2407 @}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2408 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2409 struct packet @{ |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2410 struct header header; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2411 unsigned char items; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2412 unsigned char filler[3]; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2413 struct data item[/* items */]; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2414 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2415 @}; |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2416 @end example |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2417 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2418 The corresponding data layout specification: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2419 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2420 @lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2421 (setq header-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2422 '((dest-ip ip) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2423 (src-ip ip) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2424 (dest-port u16) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2425 (src-port u16))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2426 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2427 (setq data-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2428 '((type u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2429 (opcode u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2430 (length u16r) ;; little endian order |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2431 (id strz 8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2432 (data vec (length)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2433 (align 4))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2434 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2435 (setq packet-spec |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2436 '((header struct header-spec) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2437 (items u8) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2438 (fill 3) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2439 (item repeat (items) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2440 (struct data-spec)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2441 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2442 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2443 A binary data representation: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2444 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2445 @lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2446 (setq binary-data |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2447 [ 192 168 1 100 192 168 1 101 01 28 21 32 2 0 0 0 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2448 2 3 5 0 ?A ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2449 1 4 7 0 ?B ?C ?D ?E ?F ?G 0 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 0 ]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2450 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2451 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2452 The corresponding decoded structure: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2453 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2454 @lisp |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2455 (setq decoded (bindat-unpack packet-spec binary-data)) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2456 @result{} |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2457 ((header |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2458 (dest-ip . [192 168 1 100]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2459 (src-ip . [192 168 1 101]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2460 (dest-port . 284) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2461 (src-port . 5408)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2462 (items . 2) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2463 (item ((data . [1 2 3 4 5]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2464 (id . "ABCDEF") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2465 (length . 5) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2466 (opcode . 3) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2467 (type . 2)) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2468 ((data . [6 7 8 9 10 11 12]) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2469 (id . "BCDEFG") |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2470 (length . 7) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2471 (opcode . 4) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2472 (type . 1)))) |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2473 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2474 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2475 Fetching data from this structure: |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2476 |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2477 @lisp |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63569
diff
changeset
|
2478 (bindat-get-field decoded 'item 1 'id) |
63542
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2479 @result{} "BCDEFG" |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2480 @end lisp |
e8205c5fb59b
(Byte Packing): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
62370
diff
changeset
|
2481 |
52401 | 2482 @ignore |
2483 arch-tag: ba9da253-e65f-4e7f-b727-08fba0a1df7a | |
2484 @end ignore |