Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/display.texi @ 67724:cb55ddcf9e4a
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Thu, 22 Dec 2005 00:39:46 +0000 |
parents | 9b11091298b7 |
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, |
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3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Display, Search, Registers, Top | |
6 @chapter Controlling the Display | |
7 | |
8 Since only part of a large buffer fits in the window, Emacs tries to | |
9 show a part that is likely to be interesting. Display-control commands | |
10 allow you to specify which part of the text you want to see, and how to | |
11 display it. | |
12 | |
13 @menu | |
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14 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces. |
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15 * Standard Faces:: Emacs' predefined faces. |
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16 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces. |
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17 * Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight. |
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18 * Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer. |
25829 | 19 * Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window. |
20 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window. | |
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21 * Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes. |
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22 * Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace. |
25829 | 23 * Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one. |
24 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation. | |
25 * Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features. | |
26 * Text Display:: How text characters are normally displayed. | |
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27 * Cursor Display:: Features for displaying the cursor. |
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28 * Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display. |
25829 | 29 @end menu |
30 | |
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31 @node Faces |
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32 @section Using Multiple Typefaces |
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33 @cindex faces |
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34 |
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35 You can specify various styles for displaying text using |
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36 @dfn{faces}. Each face can specify various @dfn{face attributes}, |
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37 such as the font family, the height, weight and slant of the |
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38 characters, the foreground and background color, and underlining or |
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39 overlining. A face does not have to specify all of these attributes; |
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40 often it inherits most of them from another face. |
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41 |
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42 On a window system, all the Emacs face attributes are meaningful. |
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43 On a character terminal, only some of them work. Some character |
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44 terminals support inverse video, bold, and underline attributes; some |
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45 support colors. Character terminals generally do not support changing |
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46 the height and width or the font family. |
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47 |
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48 The easiest way to use faces is to turn on Font Lock mode. |
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49 @xref{Font Lock}, for more information about Font Lock mode and |
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50 syntactic highlighting. You can print out the buffer with the |
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51 highlighting that appears on your screen using the command |
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52 @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}. @xref{PostScript}. |
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53 |
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54 Features which rely on text in multiple faces (such as Font Lock mode) |
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55 will also work on non-windowed terminals that can display more than one |
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56 face, whether by colors or underlining and emboldening. This includes |
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57 the console on GNU/Linux, an @code{xterm} which supports colors, the |
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58 MS-DOS display (@pxref{MS-DOS}), and the MS-Windows version invoked with |
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59 the @option{-nw} option. Emacs determines automatically whether the |
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60 terminal has this capability. |
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61 |
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62 You control the appearance of a part of the text in the buffer by |
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63 specifying the face or faces to use for it. The style of display used |
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64 for any given character is determined by combining the attributes of |
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65 all the applicable faces specified for that character. Any attribute |
38745 | 66 that isn't specified by these faces is taken from the @code{default} face, |
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67 whose attributes reflect the default settings of the frame itself. |
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68 |
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69 Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several |
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70 commands and menus for specifying faces for text in the buffer. |
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71 @xref{Format Faces}, for how to specify the font for text in the |
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72 buffer. @xref{Format Colors}, for how to specify the foreground and |
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73 background color. |
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74 |
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75 @cindex face colors, setting |
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76 @findex set-face-foreground |
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77 @findex set-face-background |
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78 To alter the appearance of a face, use the customization buffer. |
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79 @xref{Face Customization}. You can also use X resources to specify |
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80 attributes of particular faces (@pxref{Resources}). Alternatively, |
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81 you can change the foreground and background colors of a specific face |
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82 with @kbd{M-x set-face-foreground} and @kbd{M-x set-face-background}. |
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83 These commands prompt in the minibuffer for a face name and a color |
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84 name, with completion, and then set that face to use the specified |
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85 color. Changing the colors of the @code{default} face also changes |
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86 the foreground and background colors on all frames, both existing and |
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87 those to be created in the future. (You can also set foreground and |
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88 background colors for the current frame only; see @ref{Frame |
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89 Parameters}.) |
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90 |
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91 Emacs can correctly display variable-width fonts, but Emacs commands |
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92 that calculate width and indentation do not know how to calculate |
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93 variable widths. This can sometimes lead to incorrect results when |
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94 you use variable-width fonts. In particular, indentation commands can |
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95 give inconsistent results, so we recommend you avoid variable-width |
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96 fonts for editing program source code. Filling will sometimes make |
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97 lines too long or too short. We plan to address these issues in |
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98 future Emacs versions. |
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99 |
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100 @node Standard Faces |
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101 @section Standard Faces |
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102 |
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103 @findex list-faces-display |
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104 To see what faces are currently defined, and what they look like, |
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105 type @kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. It's possible for a given face to |
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106 look different in different frames; this command shows the appearance |
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107 in the frame in which you type it. |
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108 |
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109 Here are the standard faces for specifying text appearance. You can |
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110 use them on specific text, when you want the effects they produce. |
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111 |
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112 @table @code |
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113 @item default |
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114 This face is used for ordinary text that doesn't specify any other face. |
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115 @item bold |
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116 This face uses a bold variant of the default font, if it has one. |
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117 It's up to you to choose a default font that has a bold variant, |
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118 if you want to use one. |
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119 @item italic |
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120 This face uses an italic variant of the default font, if it has one. |
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121 @item bold-italic |
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122 This face uses a bold italic variant of the default font, if it has one. |
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123 @item underline |
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124 This face underlines text. |
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125 @item fixed-pitch |
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126 This face forces use of a particular fixed-width font. |
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127 @item variable-pitch |
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128 This face forces use of a particular variable-width font. It's |
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129 reasonable to customize this to use a different variable-width font, |
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130 if you like, but you should not make it a fixed-width font. |
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131 @item shadow |
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132 This face is used for making the text less noticeable than the surrounding |
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133 ordinary text. Usually this can be achieved by using shades of gray in |
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134 contrast with either black or white default foreground color. |
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135 @end table |
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136 |
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137 Here's an incomplete list of faces used to highlight parts of the |
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138 text temporarily for specific purposes. (Many other modes define |
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139 their own faces for this purpose.) |
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140 |
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141 @table @code |
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142 @item highlight |
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143 This face is used for highlighting portions of text, in various modes. |
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144 For example, mouse-sensitive text is highlighted using this face. |
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145 @item mode-line-highlight |
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146 Like @code{highlight}, but used for portions of text on mode lines. |
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147 @item isearch |
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148 This face is used for highlighting Isearch matches. |
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149 @item lazy-highlight |
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150 This face is used for lazy highlighting of Isearch and Query Replace |
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151 matches other than the current one. |
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152 @item region |
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153 This face is used for displaying a selected region (when Transient Mark |
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154 mode is enabled---see below). |
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155 @item secondary-selection |
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156 This face is used for displaying a secondary X selection (@pxref{Secondary |
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157 Selection}). |
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158 @item trailing-whitespace |
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159 The face for highlighting excess spaces and tabs at the end of a line |
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160 when @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-@code{nil}; see |
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161 @ref{Useless Whitespace}. |
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162 @item nobreak-space |
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163 The face for displaying the character ``nobreak space''. |
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164 @item escape-glyph |
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165 The face for highlighting the @samp{\} or @samp{^} that indicates |
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166 a control character. It's also used when @samp{\} indicates a |
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167 nobreak space or nobreak (soft) hyphen. |
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168 @end table |
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169 |
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170 @cindex @code{region} face |
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171 When Transient Mark mode is enabled, the text of the region is |
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172 highlighted when the mark is active. This uses the face named |
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173 @code{region}; you can control the style of highlighting by changing the |
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174 style of this face (@pxref{Face Customization}). @xref{Transient Mark}, |
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175 for more information about Transient Mark mode and activation and |
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176 deactivation of the mark. |
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177 |
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178 These faces control the appearance of parts of the Emacs frame. |
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179 They exist as faces to provide a consistent way to customize the |
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180 appearance of these parts of the frame. |
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181 |
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182 @table @code |
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183 @item mode-line |
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184 @itemx modeline |
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185 This face is used for the mode line of the currently selected window, |
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186 and for menu bars when toolkit menus are not used. By default, it's |
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187 drawn with shadows for a ``raised'' effect on window systems, and |
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188 drawn as the inverse of the default face on non-windowed terminals. |
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189 @code{modeline} is an alias for the @code{mode-line} face, for |
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190 compatibility with old Emacs versions. |
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191 @item mode-line-inactive |
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192 Like @code{mode-line}, but used for mode lines of the windows other |
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193 than the selected one (if @code{mode-line-in-non-selected-windows} is |
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194 non-@code{nil}). This face inherits from @code{mode-line}, so changes |
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195 in that face affect mode lines in all windows. |
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196 @item header-line |
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197 Similar to @code{mode-line} for a window's header line. Most modes |
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198 don't use the header line, but some special modes, such the Info mode, do. |
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199 @item vertical-border |
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200 This face is used for the vertical divider between windows. |
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201 By default this face inherits from the @code{mode-line-inactive} face |
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202 on character terminals. On window systems the foreground color of |
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203 this face is used for the vertical line between windows without |
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204 scrollbars. |
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205 @item minibuffer-prompt |
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206 @cindex @code{minibuffer-prompt} face |
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207 @vindex minibuffer-prompt-properties |
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208 This face is used for the prompt strings displayed in the minibuffer. |
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209 By default, Emacs automatically adds this face to the value of |
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210 @code{minibuffer-prompt-properties}, which is a list of text |
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211 properties used to display the prompt text. |
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212 @item fringe |
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213 @cindex @code{fringe} face |
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214 The face for the fringes to the left and right of windows on graphic |
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215 displays. (The fringes are the narrow portions of the Emacs frame |
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216 between the text area and the window's right and left borders.) |
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217 @xref{Fringes}. |
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218 @item scroll-bar |
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219 This face determines the visual appearance of the scroll bar. |
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220 @xref{Scroll Bars}. |
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221 @item border |
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222 This face determines the color of the frame border. |
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223 @item cursor |
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224 This face determines the color of the cursor. |
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225 @item mouse |
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226 This face determines the color of the mouse pointer. |
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227 @item tool-bar |
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228 This is the basic tool-bar face. No text appears in the tool bar, but the |
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229 colors of this face affect the appearance of tool bar icons. @xref{Tool Bars}. |
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230 @item tooltip |
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231 This face is used for tooltips. @xref{Tooltips}. |
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232 @item menu |
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233 @cindex menu bar appearance |
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234 @cindex @code{menu} face, no effect if customized |
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235 @cindex customization of @code{menu} face |
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236 This face determines the colors and font of Emacs's menus. @xref{Menu |
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237 Bars}. Setting the font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not |
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238 supported; attempts to set the font are ignored in this case. |
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239 Likewise, attempts to customize this face in Emacs built with GTK and |
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240 in the MS-Windows port are ignored by the respective GUI toolkits; |
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241 you need to use system-wide styles and options to change the |
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242 appearance of the menus. |
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243 @end table |
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244 |
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245 @node Font Lock |
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246 @section Font Lock mode |
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247 @cindex Font Lock mode |
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248 @cindex mode, Font Lock |
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249 @cindex syntax highlighting and coloring |
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250 |
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251 Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular buffer, |
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252 which highlights (or ``fontifies'') the buffer contents according to |
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253 the syntax of the text you are editing. It can recognize comments and |
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254 strings in most languages; in several languages, it can also recognize |
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255 and properly highlight various other important constructs---for |
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256 example, names of functions being defined or reserved keywords. |
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257 Some special modes, such as Occur mode and Info mode, have completely |
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258 specialized ways of assigning fonts for Font Lock mode. |
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259 |
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260 @findex font-lock-mode |
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261 Font Lock mode is turned on by default in all modes which support it. |
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262 You can toggle font-lock for each buffer with the command @kbd{M-x |
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263 font-lock-mode}. Using a positive argument unconditionally turns Font |
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264 Lock mode on, and a negative or zero argument turns it off. |
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265 |
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266 @findex global-font-lock-mode |
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267 @vindex global-font-lock-mode |
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268 If you do not wish Font Lock mode to be turned on by default, |
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269 customize the variable @code{global-font-lock-mode} using the Customize |
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270 interface (@pxref{Easy Customization}), or use the function |
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271 @code{global-font-lock-mode} in your @file{.emacs} file, like this: |
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272 |
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273 @example |
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274 (global-font-lock-mode 0) |
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275 @end example |
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276 |
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277 @findex turn-on-font-lock |
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278 If you have disabled Global Font Lock mode, you can still enable font |
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279 lock for specific major modes by adding the function |
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280 @code{turn-on-font-lock} to the mode hooks (@pxref{Hooks}). For |
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281 example, to enable Font Lock mode for editing C files, you can do this: |
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282 |
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283 @example |
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284 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) |
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285 @end example |
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286 |
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287 Font Lock mode uses several specifically named faces to do its job, |
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288 including @code{font-lock-string-face}, @code{font-lock-comment-face}, |
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289 and others. The easiest way to find them all is to use |
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290 @kbd{M-x customize-group @key{RET} font-lock-faces @key{RET}}. |
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291 |
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292 To change the colors or the fonts used by Font Lock mode to fontify |
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293 different parts of text, just change these faces. There are |
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294 two ways to do it: |
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295 |
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296 @itemize @bullet |
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297 @item |
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298 Invoke @kbd{M-x set-face-foreground} or @kbd{M-x set-face-background} |
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299 to change the colors of a particular face used by Font Lock. |
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300 @xref{Faces}. The command @kbd{M-x list-faces-display} displays all |
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301 the faces currently known to Emacs, including those used by Font Lock. |
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302 |
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303 @item |
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304 Customize the faces interactively with @kbd{M-x customize-face}, as |
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305 described in @ref{Face Customization}. |
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306 @end itemize |
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307 |
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308 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration |
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309 The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} specifies the |
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310 preferred level of fontification, for modes that provide multiple |
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311 levels. Level 1 is the least amount of fontification; some modes |
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312 support levels as high as 3. The normal default is ``as high as |
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313 possible.'' You can specify an integer, which applies to all modes, or |
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314 you can specify different numbers for particular major modes; for |
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315 example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level |
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316 otherwise, use this: |
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317 |
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318 @example |
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319 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration |
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320 '((c-mode . 1) (c++-mode . 1))) |
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321 @end example |
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322 |
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323 @vindex font-lock-maximum-size |
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324 Fontification can be too slow for large buffers, so you can suppress |
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325 it. The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-size} specifies a buffer size, |
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326 beyond which buffer fontification is suppressed. |
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327 |
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328 @c @w is used below to prevent a bad page-break. |
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329 @vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function |
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330 @cindex incorrect fontification |
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331 @cindex parenthesis in column zero and fontification |
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332 @cindex brace in column zero and fontification |
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333 Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification) |
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334 relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For |
38745 | 335 the sake of speed, some modes, including C mode and Lisp mode, |
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336 rely on a special convention: an open-parenthesis or open-brace in the |
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337 leftmost column always defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is |
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338 thus always outside any string or comment. (@xref{Left Margin |
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340 misfontify the text that follows an open-parenthesis or open-brace in |
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341 the leftmost column that is inside a string or comment. |
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342 |
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343 @cindex slow display during scrolling |
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344 The variable @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (always |
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345 buffer-local) specifies how Font Lock mode can find a position |
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346 guaranteed to be outside any comment or string. In modes which use the |
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347 leftmost column parenthesis convention, the default value of the variable |
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348 is @code{beginning-of-defun}---that tells Font Lock mode to use the |
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349 convention. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, Font Lock no longer |
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350 relies on the convention. This avoids incorrect results, but the price |
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351 is that, in some cases, fontification for a changed text must rescan |
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352 buffer text from the beginning of the buffer. This can considerably |
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353 slow down redisplay while scrolling, particularly if you are close to |
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354 the end of a large buffer. |
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355 |
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356 @findex font-lock-add-keywords |
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357 Font Lock highlighting patterns already exist for many modes, but you |
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358 may want to fontify additional patterns. You can use the function |
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359 @code{font-lock-add-keywords}, to add your own highlighting patterns for |
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360 a particular mode. For example, to highlight @samp{FIXME:} words in C |
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361 comments, use this: |
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362 |
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363 @example |
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364 (font-lock-add-keywords |
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365 'c-mode |
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366 '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face t))) |
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367 @end example |
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368 |
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369 @findex font-lock-remove-keywords |
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370 To remove keywords from the font-lock highlighting patterns, use the |
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371 function @code{font-lock-remove-keywords}. @xref{Search-based |
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372 Fontification,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, for |
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373 documentation of the format of this list. |
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374 |
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375 @cindex just-in-time (JIT) font-lock |
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376 @cindex background syntax highlighting |
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377 Fontifying large buffers can take a long time. To avoid large |
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378 delays when a file is visited, Emacs fontifies only the visible |
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379 portion of a buffer. As you scroll through the buffer, each portion |
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380 that becomes visible is fontified as soon as it is displayed. The |
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381 parts of the buffer that are not displayed are fontified |
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382 ``stealthily,'' in the background, i.e.@: when Emacs is idle. You can |
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383 control this background fontification, also called @dfn{Just-In-Time} |
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384 (or @dfn{JIT}) Lock, by customizing variables in the customization |
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385 group @samp{jit-lock}. @xref{Specific Customization}. |
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386 |
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387 @node Highlight Interactively |
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388 @section Interactive Highlighting by Matching |
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389 @cindex highlighting by matching |
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390 @cindex interactive highlighting |
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391 |
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392 It is sometimes useful to temporarily highlight text that |
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393 matches a certain regular expression. For example, you might wish to |
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394 see all the references to a certain variable in a program source file, |
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395 highlight certain parts in a voluminous output of some program, or |
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396 make certain names stand out in an article. |
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397 |
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398 @findex hi-lock-mode |
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399 Use the @kbd{M-x hi-lock-mode} command to turn on a minor mode that |
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400 allows you to interactively add and remove regular expressions |
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401 specifying text to be highlighted. Hi Lock mode works like Font Lock |
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402 mode (@pxref{Font Lock}), except that it lets you easily add and |
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403 remove regular expressions while you are editing a buffer. To enable |
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404 Hi Lock mode for all buffers use @kbd{M-x global-hi-lock-mode} or |
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405 place @code{(global-hi-lock-mode 1)} in your @file{.emacs} file. |
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406 |
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407 You control Hi Lock mode with these commands: |
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408 |
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409 @table @kbd |
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410 @item C-x w h @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET} |
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411 @kindex C-x w h |
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412 @findex highlight-regexp |
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413 Highlight text that matches @var{regexp} using face @var{face} |
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414 (@code{highlight-regexp}). By using this command more than once, you |
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415 can highlight various parts of the text in different ways. The |
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416 highlighting will remain as long as the buffer is loaded. For |
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417 example, to highlight all occurrences of the word ``whim'' using the |
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418 default face (a yellow background) @kbd{C-x w h whim @key{RET} |
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419 @key{RET}}. Any face can be used for highlighting, Hi Lock provides |
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420 several of its own and these are pre-loaded into a history list. While |
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421 being prompted for a face use @kbd{C-p} and @kbd{C-n} to cycle through |
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422 them. |
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423 |
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424 @item C-x w r @var{regexp} @key{RET} |
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425 @kindex C-x w r |
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426 @findex unhighlight-regexp |
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427 Unhighlight @var{regexp} (@code{unhighlight-regexp}). |
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428 When activated from the menu select the expression to unhighlight from |
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429 a list. When activated from the keyboard the most recently added |
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430 expression will be shown. Use @kbd{C-p} to show the next older |
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431 expression and @kbd{C-n} to select the next newer expression. When |
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432 the expression to unhighlight appears press @kbd{@key{RET}} to unhighlight |
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433 it. The expression can also be typed and completion is available. |
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434 |
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435 @item C-x w l @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET} |
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436 @kindex C-x w l |
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437 @findex highlight-lines-matching-regexp |
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438 @cindex lines, highlighting |
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439 @cindex highlighting lines of text |
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440 Highlight entire lines containing a match for @var{regexp}, using face |
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441 @var{face} (@code{highlight-lines-matching-regexp}). |
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442 |
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443 @item C-x w b |
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444 @kindex C-x w b |
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445 @findex hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns |
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446 Insert all the current highlighting regexp/face pairs into the buffer |
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447 at point, with comment delimiters to prevent them from changing your |
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448 program. This key binding runs the |
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449 @code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns} command. |
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450 |
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451 These patterns will be read the next time you visit the file while |
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452 Hi Lock mode is enabled, or whenever you use the @kbd{M-x |
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453 hi-lock-find-patterns} command. |
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454 |
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455 @item C-x w i |
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456 @kindex C-x w i |
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457 @findex hi-lock-find-patterns |
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458 @vindex hi-lock-exclude-modes |
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459 Re-read regexp/face pairs in the current buffer |
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460 (@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}). Users familiar with Font |
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461 Lock keywords might interactively enter patterns |
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462 (@code{highlight-regexp}), write them into the file |
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463 (@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}), edit them, perhaps |
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464 including different faces for different parenthesized parts of the |
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465 match, and finally use this command |
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466 (@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}) to have Hi Lock highlight |
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467 them. |
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468 |
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469 This command does nothing if the major mode is a member of the list |
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470 @code{hi-lock-exclude-modes}. |
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471 @end table |
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472 |
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473 @node Highlight Changes |
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474 @section Highlight Changes Mode |
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475 |
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476 @findex highlight-changes-mode |
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477 Use @kbd{M-x highlight-changes-mode} to enable a minor mode |
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478 that uses faces (colors, typically) to indicate which parts of |
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479 the buffer were changed most recently. |
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480 |
25829 | 481 @node Scrolling |
482 @section Scrolling | |
483 | |
484 If a buffer contains text that is too large to fit entirely within a | |
485 window that is displaying the buffer, Emacs shows a contiguous portion of | |
486 the text. The portion shown always contains point. | |
487 | |
488 @cindex scrolling | |
489 @dfn{Scrolling} means moving text up or down in the window so that | |
490 different parts of the text are visible. Scrolling forward means that text | |
491 moves up, and new text appears at the bottom. Scrolling backward moves | |
492 text down and new text appears at the top. | |
493 | |
494 Scrolling happens automatically if you move point past the bottom or top | |
495 of the window. You can also explicitly request scrolling with the commands | |
496 in this section. | |
497 | |
498 @table @kbd | |
499 @item C-l | |
500 Clear screen and redisplay, scrolling the selected window to center | |
501 point vertically within it (@code{recenter}). | |
502 @item C-v | |
503 Scroll forward (a windowful or a specified number of lines) (@code{scroll-up}). | |
504 @item @key{NEXT} | |
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505 @itemx @key{PAGEDOWN} |
25829 | 506 Likewise, scroll forward. |
507 @item M-v | |
508 Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}). | |
509 @item @key{PRIOR} | |
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510 @itemx @key{PAGEUP} |
25829 | 511 Likewise, scroll backward. |
512 @item @var{arg} C-l | |
513 Scroll so point is on line @var{arg} (@code{recenter}). | |
514 @item C-M-l | |
515 Scroll heuristically to bring useful information onto the screen | |
516 (@code{reposition-window}). | |
517 @end table | |
518 | |
519 @kindex C-l | |
520 @findex recenter | |
521 The most basic scrolling command is @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter}) with | |
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522 no argument. It scrolls the selected window so that point is halfway |
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523 down from the top of the window. On a text terminal, it also clears |
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524 the screen and redisplays all windows. That is useful in case the |
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525 screen is garbled (@pxref{Screen Garbled}). |
25829 | 526 |
527 @kindex C-v | |
528 @kindex M-v | |
529 @kindex NEXT | |
530 @kindex PRIOR | |
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531 @kindex PAGEDOWN |
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532 @kindex PAGEUP |
25829 | 533 @findex scroll-up |
534 @findex scroll-down | |
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535 @vindex next-screen-context-lines |
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536 To read the buffer a windowful at a time, use @kbd{C-v} |
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537 (@code{scroll-up}) with no argument. This scrolls forward by nearly |
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538 the whole window height. The effect is to take the two lines at the |
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539 bottom of the window and put them at the top, followed by nearly a |
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540 whole windowful of lines that were not previously visible. If point |
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541 was in the text that scrolled off the top, it ends up at the new top |
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542 of the window. |
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543 |
38745 | 544 @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) with no argument scrolls backward in |
545 a similar way, also with overlap. The number of lines of overlap | |
546 across a @kbd{C-v} or @kbd{M-v} is controlled by the variable | |
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547 @code{next-screen-context-lines}; by default, it is 2. The function |
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548 keys @key{NEXT} and @key{PRIOR}, or @key{PAGEDOWN} and @key{PAGEUP}, |
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549 are equivalent to @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v}. |
25829 | 550 |
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551 The commands @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v} with a numeric argument scroll |
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552 the text in the selected window up or down a few lines. @kbd{C-v} |
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553 with an argument moves the text and point up, together, that many |
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554 lines; it brings the same number of new lines into view at the bottom |
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555 of the window. @kbd{M-v} with numeric argument scrolls the text |
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556 downward, bringing that many new lines into view at the top of the |
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557 window. @kbd{C-v} with a negative argument is like @kbd{M-v} and vice |
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558 versa. |
25829 | 559 |
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560 The names of scroll commands are based on the direction that the |
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561 text moves in the window. Thus, the command to scroll forward is |
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562 called @code{scroll-up} because it moves the text upward on the |
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563 screen. The keys @key{PAGEDOWN} and @key{PAGEUP} derive their names |
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564 and customary meanings from a different convention that developed |
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565 elsewhere; hence the strange result that @key{PAGEDOWN} runs |
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566 @code{scroll-up}. |
25829 | 567 |
568 @vindex scroll-preserve-screen-position | |
569 Some users like the full-screen scroll commands to keep point at the | |
570 same screen line. To enable this behavior, set the variable | |
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571 @code{scroll-preserve-screen-position} to a non-@code{nil} value. In |
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572 this mode, when scrolling shifts point off the screen, or into the |
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573 scrolling margins, Emacs moves point to keep the same vertical |
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574 position within the window. This mode is convenient for browsing |
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575 through a file by scrolling by screenfuls; if you come back to the |
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576 screen where you started, point goes back to the line where it |
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577 started. However, this mode is inconvenient when you move to the next |
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578 screen in order to move point to the text there. |
25829 | 579 |
580 Another way to do scrolling is with @kbd{C-l} with a numeric argument. | |
581 @kbd{C-l} does not clear the screen when given an argument; it only scrolls | |
582 the selected window. With a positive argument @var{n}, it repositions text | |
583 to put point @var{n} lines down from the top. An argument of zero puts | |
584 point on the very top line. Point does not move with respect to the text; | |
585 rather, the text and point move rigidly on the screen. @kbd{C-l} with a | |
586 negative argument puts point that many lines from the bottom of the window. | |
587 For example, @kbd{C-u - 1 C-l} puts point on the bottom line, and @kbd{C-u | |
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588 - 5 C-l} puts it five lines from the bottom. @kbd{C-u C-l} scrolls to put |
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589 point at the center (vertically) of the selected window. |
25829 | 590 |
591 @kindex C-M-l | |
592 @findex reposition-window | |
593 The @kbd{C-M-l} command (@code{reposition-window}) scrolls the current | |
594 window heuristically in a way designed to get useful information onto | |
595 the screen. For example, in a Lisp file, this command tries to get the | |
596 entire current defun onto the screen if possible. | |
597 | |
598 @vindex scroll-conservatively | |
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599 Scrolling happens automatically when point moves out of the visible |
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600 portion of the text. Normally, automatic scrolling centers point |
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601 vertically within the window. However, if you set |
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602 @code{scroll-conservatively} to a small number @var{n}, then if you |
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603 move point just a little off the screen---less than @var{n} |
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604 lines---then Emacs scrolls the text just far enough to bring point |
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605 back on screen. By default, @code{scroll-conservatively} is 0. |
25829 | 606 |
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607 @cindex aggressive scrolling |
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608 @vindex scroll-up-aggressively |
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609 @vindex scroll-down-aggressively |
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610 When the window does scroll by a longer distance, you can control |
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611 how aggressively it scrolls, by setting the variables |
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612 @code{scroll-up-aggressively} and @code{scroll-down-aggressively}. |
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613 The value of @code{scroll-up-aggressively} should be either |
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614 @code{nil}, or a fraction @var{f} between 0 and 1. A fraction |
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615 specifies where on the screen to put point when scrolling upward. |
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616 More precisely, when a window scrolls up because point is above the |
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617 window start, the new start position is chosen to put point @var{f} |
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618 part of the window height from the top. The larger @var{f}, the more |
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619 aggressive the scrolling. |
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620 |
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621 @code{nil}, which is the default, scrolls to put point at the center. |
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622 So it is equivalent to .5. |
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623 |
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624 Likewise, @code{scroll-down-aggressively} is used for scrolling |
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625 down. The value, @var{f}, specifies how far point should be placed |
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626 from the bottom of the window; thus, as with |
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627 @code{scroll-up-aggressively}, a larger value is more aggressive. |
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628 |
25829 | 629 @vindex scroll-margin |
630 The variable @code{scroll-margin} restricts how close point can come | |
631 to the top or bottom of a window. Its value is a number of screen | |
632 lines; if point comes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the | |
633 window, Emacs recenters the window. By default, @code{scroll-margin} is | |
634 0. | |
635 | |
636 @node Horizontal Scrolling | |
637 @section Horizontal Scrolling | |
638 @cindex horizontal scrolling | |
639 | |
640 @dfn{Horizontal scrolling} means shifting all the lines sideways | |
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641 within a window---so that some of the text near the left margin is not |
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642 displayed at all. When the text in a window is scrolled horizontally, |
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643 text lines are truncated rather than continued (@pxref{Display |
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644 Custom}). Whenever a window shows truncated lines, Emacs |
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645 automatically updates its horizontal scrolling whenever point moves |
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646 off the left or right edge of the screen. You can also use these |
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647 commands to do explicit horizontal scrolling. |
25829 | 648 |
649 @table @kbd | |
650 @item C-x < | |
651 Scroll text in current window to the left (@code{scroll-left}). | |
652 @item C-x > | |
653 Scroll to the right (@code{scroll-right}). | |
654 @end table | |
655 | |
656 @kindex C-x < | |
657 @kindex C-x > | |
658 @findex scroll-left | |
659 @findex scroll-right | |
660 The command @kbd{C-x <} (@code{scroll-left}) scrolls the selected | |
661 window to the left by @var{n} columns with argument @var{n}. This moves | |
662 part of the beginning of each line off the left edge of the window. | |
663 With no argument, it scrolls by almost the full width of the window (two | |
664 columns less, to be precise). | |
665 | |
666 @kbd{C-x >} (@code{scroll-right}) scrolls similarly to the right. The | |
667 window cannot be scrolled any farther to the right once it is displayed | |
668 normally (with each line starting at the window's left margin); | |
669 attempting to do so has no effect. This means that you don't have to | |
670 calculate the argument precisely for @w{@kbd{C-x >}}; any sufficiently large | |
671 argument will restore the normal display. | |
672 | |
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673 If you use those commands to scroll a window horizontally, that sets |
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674 a lower bound for automatic horizontal scrolling. Automatic scrolling |
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675 will continue to scroll the window, but never farther to the right |
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676 than the amount you previously set by @code{scroll-left}. |
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677 |
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678 @vindex hscroll-margin |
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679 The value of the variable @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close |
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680 to the window's edges point is allowed to get before the window will |
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681 be automatically scrolled. It is measured in columns. If the value |
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682 is 5, then moving point within 5 columns of the edge causes horizontal |
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683 scrolling away from that edge. |
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|
684 |
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685 @vindex hscroll-step |
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686 The variable @code{hscroll-step} determines how many columns to |
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687 scroll the window when point gets too close to the edge. If it's |
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688 zero, horizontal scrolling centers point horizontally within the |
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689 window. If it's a positive integer, it specifies the number of |
43386 | 690 columns to scroll by. If it's a floating-point number, it specifies |
691 the fraction of the window's width to scroll by. The default is zero. | |
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|
692 |
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693 @vindex auto-hscroll-mode |
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694 To disable automatic horizontal scrolling, set the variable |
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695 @code{auto-hscroll-mode} to @code{nil}. |
34749 | 696 |
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697 @node Fringes |
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698 @section Window Fringes |
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699 @cindex fringes |
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700 |
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|
701 On a graphical display, each Emacs window normally has narrow |
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702 @dfn{fringes} on the left and right edges. The fringes display |
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703 indications about the text in the window. |
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|
704 |
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|
705 The most common use of the fringes is to indicate a continuation |
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706 line, when one line of text is split into multiple lines on the |
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707 screen. The left fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line |
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708 except the first, indicating that ``this is not the real beginning.'' |
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709 The right fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line except the |
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710 last, indicating that ``this is not the real end.'' |
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|
711 |
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712 The fringes indicate line truncation with short horizontal arrows |
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713 meaning ``there's more text on this line which is scrolled |
45889
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|
714 horizontally out of view;'' clicking the mouse on one of the arrows |
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|
715 scrolls the display horizontally in the direction of the arrow. The |
62417
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Various minor changes.
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|
716 fringes can also indicate other things, such as empty lines, or where a |
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|
717 program you are debugging is executing (@pxref{Debuggers}). |
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|
718 |
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|
719 @findex set-fringe-style |
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|
720 @findex fringe-mode |
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721 You can enable and disable the fringes for all frames using |
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722 @kbd{M-x fringe-mode}. To enable and disable the fringes |
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|
723 for the selected frame, use @kbd{M-x set-fringe-style}. |
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|
724 |
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725 @node Useless Whitespace |
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|
726 @section Useless Whitespace |
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|
727 |
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|
728 @cindex trailing whitespace |
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|
729 @cindex whitespace, trailing |
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|
730 @vindex show-trailing-whitespace |
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|
731 It is easy to leave unnecessary spaces at the end of a line, or |
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|
732 empty lines at the end of a file, without realizing it. In most |
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|
733 cases, this @dfn{trailing whitespace} has no effect, but there are |
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|
734 special circumstances where it matters. |
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|
735 |
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|
736 You can make trailing whitespace at the end of a line visible on the |
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|
737 screen by setting the buffer-local variable |
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|
738 @code{show-trailing-whitespace} to @code{t}. Then Emacs displays |
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|
739 trailing whitespace in the face @code{trailing-whitespace}. |
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|
740 |
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741 This feature does not apply when point is at the end of the line |
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|
742 containing the whitespace. Strictly speaking, that is ``trailing |
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|
743 whitespace'' nonetheless, but displaying it specially in that case |
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744 looks ugly while you are typing in new text. In this special case, |
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745 the location of point is enough to show you that the spaces are |
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746 present. |
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|
747 |
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|
748 @findex delete-trailing-whitespace |
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|
749 To delete all trailing whitespace within the current buffer's |
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750 accessible portion (@pxref{Narrowing}), type @kbd{M-x |
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751 delete-trailing-whitespace @key{RET}}. (This command does not remove |
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752 the form-feed characters.) |
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|
753 |
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|
754 @vindex indicate-empty-lines |
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755 @vindex default-indicate-empty-lines |
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|
756 @cindex unused lines |
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757 @cindex fringes, and unused line indication |
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758 Emacs can indicate unused lines at the end of the window with a |
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|
759 small image in the left fringe (@pxref{Fringes}). The image appears |
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|
760 for window lines that do not correspond to any buffer text. Blank |
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761 lines at the end of the buffer then stand out because they do not have |
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|
762 this image in the fringe. |
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|
763 |
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|
764 To enable this feature, set the buffer-local variable |
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|
765 @code{indicate-empty-lines} to a non-@code{nil} value. The default |
48534
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|
766 value of this variable is controlled by the variable |
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767 @code{default-indicate-empty-lines}; by setting that variable, you |
48534
4128ae2ce141
indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
47071
diff
changeset
|
768 can enable or disable this feature for all new buffers. (This feature |
4128ae2ce141
indicate-empty-lines => indicate-unused-lines, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
47071
diff
changeset
|
769 currently doesn't work on character terminals.) |
45877
74f67ed375f0
Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43664
diff
changeset
|
770 |
25829 | 771 @node Follow Mode |
772 @section Follow Mode | |
773 @cindex Follow mode | |
774 @cindex mode, Follow | |
36246
fd61c05ce91c
Add index entries for Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36245
diff
changeset
|
775 @findex follow-mode |
fd61c05ce91c
Add index entries for Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36245
diff
changeset
|
776 @cindex windows, synchronizing |
fd61c05ce91c
Add index entries for Follow mode.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36245
diff
changeset
|
777 @cindex synchronizing windows |
25829 | 778 |
60104
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
779 @dfn{Follow mode} is a minor mode that makes two windows, both |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
780 showing the same buffer, scroll as a single tall ``virtual window.'' |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
781 To use Follow mode, go to a frame with just one window, split it into |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
782 two side-by-side windows using @kbd{C-x 3}, and then type @kbd{M-x |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
783 follow-mode}. From then on, you can edit the buffer in either of the |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
784 two windows, or scroll either one; the other window follows it. |
25829 | 785 |
36245 | 786 In Follow mode, if you move point outside the portion visible in one |
787 window and into the portion visible in the other window, that selects | |
788 the other window---again, treating the two as if they were parts of | |
789 one large window. | |
790 | |
25829 | 791 To turn off Follow mode, type @kbd{M-x follow-mode} a second time. |
792 | |
793 @node Selective Display | |
794 @section Selective Display | |
36263
11db0318031d
Remove redundant index entries.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36260
diff
changeset
|
795 @cindex selective display |
25829 | 796 @findex set-selective-display |
797 @kindex C-x $ | |
798 | |
799 Emacs has the ability to hide lines indented more than a certain number | |
800 of columns (you specify how many columns). You can use this to get an | |
801 overview of a part of a program. | |
802 | |
62417
6d49a2df78a7
Various minor changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61411
diff
changeset
|
803 To hide lines in the current buffer, type @kbd{C-x $} |
6d49a2df78a7
Various minor changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61411
diff
changeset
|
804 (@code{set-selective-display}) with a numeric argument @var{n}. Then |
6d49a2df78a7
Various minor changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61411
diff
changeset
|
805 lines with at least @var{n} columns of indentation disappear from the |
6d49a2df78a7
Various minor changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61411
diff
changeset
|
806 screen. The only indication of their presence is that three dots |
6d49a2df78a7
Various minor changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61411
diff
changeset
|
807 (@samp{@dots{}}) appear at the end of each visible line that is |
6d49a2df78a7
Various minor changes.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
61411
diff
changeset
|
808 followed by one or more hidden ones. |
25829 | 809 |
810 The commands @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} move across the hidden lines as | |
811 if they were not there. | |
812 | |
813 The hidden lines are still present in the buffer, and most editing | |
814 commands see them as usual, so you may find point in the middle of the | |
815 hidden text. When this happens, the cursor appears at the end of the | |
816 previous line, after the three dots. If point is at the end of the | |
817 visible line, before the newline that ends it, the cursor appears before | |
818 the three dots. | |
819 | |
820 To make all lines visible again, type @kbd{C-x $} with no argument. | |
821 | |
822 @vindex selective-display-ellipses | |
823 If you set the variable @code{selective-display-ellipses} to | |
824 @code{nil}, the three dots do not appear at the end of a line that | |
825 precedes hidden lines. Then there is no visible indication of the | |
826 hidden lines. This variable becomes local automatically when set. | |
827 | |
60104
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
828 See also @ref{Outline Mode} for another way to hide part of |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
829 the text in a buffer. |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
830 |
25829 | 831 @node Optional Mode Line |
832 @section Optional Mode Line Features | |
833 | |
52461
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
834 @cindex buffer size display |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
835 @cindex display of buffer size |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
836 @findex size-indication-mode |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
837 The buffer percentage @var{pos} indicates the percentage of the |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
838 buffer above the top of the window. You can additionally display the |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
839 size of the buffer by typing @kbd{M-x size-indication-mode} to turn on |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
840 Size Indication mode. The size will be displayed immediately |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
841 following the buffer percentage like this: |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
842 |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
843 @example |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
844 @var{POS} of @var{SIZE} |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
845 @end example |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
846 |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
847 @noindent |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
848 Here @var{SIZE} is the human readable representation of the number of |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
849 characters in the buffer, which means that @samp{k} for 10^3, @samp{M} |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
850 for 10^6, @samp{G} for 10^9, etc., are used to abbreviate. |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
851 |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
852 @cindex narrowing, and buffer size display |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
853 If you have narrowed the buffer (@pxref{Narrowing}), the size of the |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
854 accessible part of the buffer is shown. |
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
855 |
36150
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
856 @cindex line number display |
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
857 @cindex display of line number |
25829 | 858 @findex line-number-mode |
859 The current line number of point appears in the mode line when Line | |
860 Number mode is enabled. Use the command @kbd{M-x line-number-mode} to | |
861 turn this mode on and off; normally it is on. The line number appears | |
52461
030d7903be24
(Optional Mode Line): Document `size-indication-mode'.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
862 after the buffer percentage @var{pos}, with the letter @samp{L} to |
25829 | 863 indicate what it is. @xref{Minor Modes}, for more information about |
864 minor modes and about how to use this command. | |
865 | |
38121
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
866 @cindex narrowing, and line number display |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
867 If you have narrowed the buffer (@pxref{Narrowing}), the displayed |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
868 line number is relative to the accessible portion of the buffer. |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
869 |
25829 | 870 @vindex line-number-display-limit |
871 If the buffer is very large (larger than the value of | |
872 @code{line-number-display-limit}), then the line number doesn't appear. | |
873 Emacs doesn't compute the line number when the buffer is large, because | |
38121
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
874 that would be too slow. Set it to @code{nil} to remove the limit. |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
875 |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
876 @vindex line-number-display-limit-width |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
877 Line-number computation can also be slow if the lines in the buffer |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
878 are too long. For this reason, Emacs normally doesn't display line |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
879 numbers if the average width, in characters, of lines near point is |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
880 larger than the value of the variable |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
881 @code{line-number-display-limit-width}. The default value is 200 |
82d39521a482
(Optional Mode Line): Document line-number-display-limit-width.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38115
diff
changeset
|
882 characters. |
25829 | 883 |
884 @cindex Column Number mode | |
885 @cindex mode, Column Number | |
886 @findex column-number-mode | |
887 You can also display the current column number by turning on Column | |
888 Number mode. It displays the current column number preceded by the | |
889 letter @samp{C}. Type @kbd{M-x column-number-mode} to toggle this mode. | |
890 | |
891 @findex display-time | |
892 @cindex time (on mode line) | |
893 Emacs can optionally display the time and system load in all mode | |
30870 | 894 lines. To enable this feature, type @kbd{M-x display-time} or customize |
895 the option @code{display-time-mode}. The information added to the mode | |
896 line usually appears after the buffer name, before the mode names and | |
897 their parentheses. It looks like this: | |
25829 | 898 |
899 @example | |
900 @var{hh}:@var{mm}pm @var{l.ll} | |
901 @end example | |
902 | |
903 @noindent | |
904 @vindex display-time-24hr-format | |
905 Here @var{hh} and @var{mm} are the hour and minute, followed always by | |
906 @samp{am} or @samp{pm}. @var{l.ll} is the average number of running | |
907 processes in the whole system recently. (Some fields may be missing if | |
908 your operating system cannot support them.) If you prefer time display | |
909 in 24-hour format, set the variable @code{display-time-24hr-format} | |
910 to @code{t}. | |
911 | |
912 @cindex mail (on mode line) | |
28800 | 913 @vindex display-time-use-mail-icon |
914 @vindex display-time-mail-face | |
45877
74f67ed375f0
Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43664
diff
changeset
|
915 @vindex display-time-mail-file |
74f67ed375f0
Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43664
diff
changeset
|
916 @vindex display-time-mail-directory |
25829 | 917 The word @samp{Mail} appears after the load level if there is mail |
28800 | 918 for you that you have not read yet. On a graphical display you can use |
919 an icon instead of @samp{Mail} by customizing | |
920 @code{display-time-use-mail-icon}; this may save some space on the mode | |
921 line. You can customize @code{display-time-mail-face} to make the mail | |
45877
74f67ed375f0
Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43664
diff
changeset
|
922 indicator prominent. Use @code{display-time-mail-file} to specify |
74f67ed375f0
Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43664
diff
changeset
|
923 the mail file to check, or set @code{display-time-mail-directory} |
74f67ed375f0
Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43664
diff
changeset
|
924 to specify the directory to check for incoming mail (any nonempty regular |
74f67ed375f0
Rename Trailing Whitespace to Useless Whitespace
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43664
diff
changeset
|
925 file in the directory is considered as ``newly arrived mail''). |
25829 | 926 |
39267 | 927 @cindex mode line, 3D appearance |
35433
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
928 @cindex attributes of mode line, changing |
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
929 @cindex non-integral number of lines in a window |
38115
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
930 By default, the mode line is drawn on graphics displays with |
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
931 3D-style highlighting, like that of a button when it is not being |
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
932 pressed. If you don't like this effect, you can disable the 3D |
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
933 highlighting of the mode line, by customizing the attributes of the |
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
934 @code{mode-line} face in your @file{.emacs} init file, like this: |
35433
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
935 |
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
936 @example |
38115
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
937 (set-face-attribute 'mode-line nil :box nil) |
35433
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
938 @end example |
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
939 |
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
940 @noindent |
38115
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
941 Alternatively, you can turn off the box attribute in your |
35433
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
942 @file{.Xdefaults} file: |
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
943 |
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
944 @example |
38115
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
945 Emacs.mode-line.AttributeBox: off |
35433
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
946 @end example |
1777865bdb98
(Optional Mode Line): Explain how to turn off the 3D appearence of
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
34749
diff
changeset
|
947 |
43260
59e700c2760c
(Faces): Document the mode-line-inactive face.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
43101
diff
changeset
|
948 @cindex non-selected windows, mode line appearance |
43289 | 949 By default, the mode line of nonselected windows is displayed in a |
43283
1124d2e7429a
mode-line-in-non-selected-windows is now a boolean.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
43260
diff
changeset
|
950 different face, called @code{mode-line-inactive}. Only the selected |
43289 | 951 window is displayed in the @code{mode-line} face. This helps show |
952 which window is selected. When the minibuffer is selected, since | |
953 it has no mode line, the window from which you activated the minibuffer | |
954 has its mode line displayed using @code{mode-line}; as a result, | |
955 ordinary entry to the minibuffer does not change any mode lines. | |
956 | |
957 @vindex mode-line-in-non-selected-windows | |
958 You can disable use of @code{mode-line-inactive} by setting variable | |
43283
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mode-line-in-non-selected-windows is now a boolean.
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|
959 @code{mode-line-in-non-selected-windows} to @code{nil}; then all mode |
1124d2e7429a
mode-line-in-non-selected-windows is now a boolean.
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|
960 lines are displayed in the @code{mode-line} face. |
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59e700c2760c
(Faces): Document the mode-line-inactive face.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
961 |
25829 | 962 @node Text Display |
963 @section How Text Is Displayed | |
964 @cindex characters (in text) | |
965 | |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
966 @acronym{ASCII} printing characters (octal codes 040 through 0176) in Emacs |
38048
bd45e6c57fba
Proofreading fixes from Danny Colascione <qtmstr@optonline.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
967 buffers are displayed with their graphics, as are non-ASCII multibyte |
25829 | 968 printing characters (octal codes above 0400). |
969 | |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52461
diff
changeset
|
970 Some @acronym{ASCII} control characters are displayed in special ways. The |
25829 | 971 newline character (octal code 012) is displayed by starting a new line. |
972 The tab character (octal code 011) is displayed by moving to the next | |
973 tab stop column (normally every 8 columns). | |
974 | |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
975 Other @acronym{ASCII} control characters are normally displayed as a caret |
25829 | 976 (@samp{^}) followed by the non-control version of the character; thus, |
977 control-A is displayed as @samp{^A}. | |
978 | |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
979 Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters 0200 through 0237 (octal) are displayed with |
33744 | 980 octal escape sequences; thus, character code 0230 (octal) is displayed |
981 as @samp{\230}. The display of character codes 0240 through 0377 | |
982 (octal) may be either as escape sequences or as graphics. They do not | |
38115
c75a19b1930f
Local rewrites. Describe basic no-argument C-v and M-v first,
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38048
diff
changeset
|
983 normally occur in multibyte buffers, but if they do, they are displayed |
33744 | 984 as Latin-1 graphics. In unibyte mode, if you enable European display |
985 they are displayed using their graphics (assuming your terminal supports | |
986 them), otherwise as escape sequences. @xref{Single-Byte Character | |
987 Support}. | |
25829 | 988 |
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9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
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changeset
|
989 @vindex nobreak-char-display |
63753
21f1853e2386
(Text Display): Change index entries.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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63722
diff
changeset
|
990 @cindex no-break space, display |
21f1853e2386
(Text Display): Change index entries.
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parents:
63722
diff
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|
991 @cindex no-break hyphen, display |
21f1853e2386
(Text Display): Change index entries.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
992 @cindex soft hyphen, display |
63721
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
993 Some character sets define ``no-break'' versions of the space and |
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63649
diff
changeset
|
994 hyphen characters, which are used where a line should not be broken. |
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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63649
diff
changeset
|
995 Emacs normally displays these characters with special faces |
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63649
diff
changeset
|
996 (respectively, @code{nobreak-space} and @code{escape-glyph}) to |
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63649
diff
changeset
|
997 distinguish them from ordinary spaces and hyphens. You can turn off |
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
998 this feature by setting the variable @code{nobreak-char-display} to |
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
999 @code{nil}. If you set the variable to any other value, that means to |
9bcd6144b097
(Text Display): Renamed show-nonbreak-escape
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1000 prefix these characters with an escape character. |
60950
c7ee76ed1a51
(Text Display): Mention non-breaking spaces.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60857
diff
changeset
|
1001 |
60104
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
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|
1002 @node Cursor Display |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1003 @section Displaying the Cursor |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1004 |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1005 @findex blink-cursor-mode |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1006 @vindex blink-cursor-alist |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1007 @cindex cursor, locating visually |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1008 @cindex cursor, blinking |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1009 You can customize the cursor's color, and whether it blinks, using |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
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|
1010 the @code{cursor} Custom group (@pxref{Easy Customization}). On |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1011 graphical terminals, the command @kbd{M-x blink-cursor-mode} enables |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1012 or disables the blinking of the cursor. (On text terminals, the |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1013 terminal itself blinks the cursor, and Emacs has no control over it.) |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1014 You can control how the cursor appears when it blinks off by setting |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
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|
1015 the variable @code{blink-cursor-alist}. |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1016 |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1017 @cindex cursor in non-selected windows |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1018 @vindex cursor-in-non-selected-windows |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1019 Normally, the cursor appears in non-selected windows in the ``off'' |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1020 state, with the same appearance as when the blinking cursor blinks |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1021 ``off''. For a box cursor, this is a hollow box; for a bar cursor, |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1022 this is a thinner bar. To turn off cursors in non-selected windows, |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1023 customize the variable @code{cursor-in-non-selected-windows} and assign |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1024 it a @code{nil} value. |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1025 |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1026 @vindex x-stretch-cursor |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1027 @cindex wide block cursor |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1028 On graphical terminals, Emacs can optionally draw the block cursor |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1029 as wide as the character under the cursor---for example, if the cursor |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
1030 is on a tab character, it would cover the full width occupied by that |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1031 tab character. To enable this feature, set the variable |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
changeset
|
1032 @code{x-stretch-cursor} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1033 |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1034 @findex hl-line-mode |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1035 @findex global-hl-line-mode |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1036 @cindex highlight current line |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1037 If you find it hard to see the cursor, you might like HL Line mode, |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1038 a minor mode that highlights the line containing point. Use @kbd{M-x |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1039 hl-line-mode} to enable or disable it in the current buffer. @kbd{M-x |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1040 global-hl-line-mode} enables or disables the same mode globally. |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1041 |
36150
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
1042 @node Display Custom |
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
1043 @section Customization of Display |
25829 | 1044 |
1045 This section contains information for customization only. Beginning | |
1046 users should skip it. | |
1047 | |
1048 @vindex inverse-video | |
1049 If the variable @code{inverse-video} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs attempts | |
1050 to invert all the lines of the display from what they normally are. | |
1051 | |
1052 @vindex visible-bell | |
1053 If the variable @code{visible-bell} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs attempts | |
1054 to make the whole screen blink when it would normally make an audible bell | |
1055 sound. This variable has no effect if your terminal does not have a way | |
60104
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1056 to make the screen blink. |
25829 | 1057 |
1058 @vindex no-redraw-on-reenter | |
60104
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1059 On a text terminal, when you reenter Emacs after suspending, Emacs |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1060 normally clears the screen and redraws the entire display. On some |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1061 terminals with more than one page of memory, it is possible to arrange |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1062 the termcap entry so that the @samp{ti} and @samp{te} strings (output |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1063 to the terminal when Emacs is entered and exited, respectively) switch |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1064 between pages of memory so as to use one page for Emacs and another |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1065 page for other output. Then you might want to set the variable |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1066 @code{no-redraw-on-reenter} non-@code{nil}; this tells Emacs to |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1067 assume, when resumed, that the screen page it is using still contains |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1068 what Emacs last wrote there. |
25829 | 1069 |
1070 @vindex echo-keystrokes | |
1071 The variable @code{echo-keystrokes} controls the echoing of multi-character | |
1072 keys; its value is the number of seconds of pause required to cause echoing | |
1073 to start, or zero meaning don't echo at all. @xref{Echo Area}. | |
1074 | |
1075 @vindex ctl-arrow | |
38048
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Proofreading fixes from Danny Colascione <qtmstr@optonline.net>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1076 If the variable @code{ctl-arrow} is @code{nil}, all control characters in |
25829 | 1077 the buffer are displayed with octal escape sequences, except for newline |
1078 and tab. Altering the value of @code{ctl-arrow} makes it local to the | |
1079 current buffer; until that time, the default value is in effect. The | |
1080 default is initially @code{t}. @xref{Display Tables,, Display Tables, | |
1081 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
1082 | |
1083 @vindex tab-width | |
60104
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1084 @vindex default-tab-width |
25829 | 1085 Normally, a tab character in the buffer is displayed as whitespace which |
1086 extends to the next display tab stop position, and display tab stops come | |
1087 at intervals equal to eight spaces. The number of spaces per tab is | |
1088 controlled by the variable @code{tab-width}, which is made local by | |
1089 changing it, just like @code{ctl-arrow}. Note that how the tab character | |
1090 in the buffer is displayed has nothing to do with the definition of | |
1091 @key{TAB} as a command. The variable @code{tab-width} must have an | |
60104
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(Display): Reorder menu.
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changeset
|
1092 integer value between 1 and 1000, inclusive. The variable |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
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|
1093 @code{default-tab-width} controls the default value of this variable |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1094 for buffers where you have not set it locally. |
25829 | 1095 |
60104
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(Display): Reorder menu.
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|
1096 @cindex truncation |
8116a5e9f2a1
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1097 @cindex line truncation, and fringes |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1098 As an alternative to continuation, Emacs can display long lines by |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1099 @dfn{truncation}. This means that all the characters that do not fit |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1100 in the width of the screen or window do not appear at all. On |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1101 graphical terminals, a small straight arrow in the fringe indicates |
8116a5e9f2a1
(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1102 truncation at either end of the line. On text terminals, @samp{$} |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1103 appears in the first column when there is text truncated to the left, |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1104 and in the last column when there is text truncated to the right. |
8116a5e9f2a1
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1105 |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1106 @vindex truncate-lines |
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|
1107 @findex toggle-truncate-lines |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1108 Horizontal scrolling automatically causes line truncation |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1109 (@pxref{Horizontal Scrolling}). You can explicitly enable line |
8116a5e9f2a1
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1110 truncation for a particular buffer with the command @kbd{M-x |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1111 toggle-truncate-lines}. This works by locally changing the variable |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1112 @code{truncate-lines}. If that variable is non-@code{nil}, long lines |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59796
diff
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|
1113 are truncated; if it is @code{nil}, they are continued onto multiple |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1114 screen lines. Setting the variable @code{truncate-lines} in any way |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1115 makes it local to the current buffer; until that time, the default |
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(Display): Reorder menu.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
1116 value is in effect. The default value is normally @code{nil}. |
25829 | 1117 |
1118 @c @vindex truncate-partial-width-windows @c Idx entry is in Split Windows. | |
1119 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is | |
1120 non-@code{nil}, it forces truncation rather than continuation in any | |
1121 window less than the full width of the screen or frame, regardless of | |
1122 the value of @code{truncate-lines}. For information about side-by-side | |
1123 windows, see @ref{Split Window}. See also @ref{Display,, Display, | |
1124 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
1125 | |
57194
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
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|
1126 @vindex overflow-newline-into-fringe |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
1127 If the variable @code{overflow-newline-into-fringe} is |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1128 non-@code{nil} on a window system, it specifies that lines which are |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1129 exactly as wide as the window (not counting the final newline |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1130 character) shall not be broken into two lines on the display (with |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1131 just the newline on the second line). Instead, the newline |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1132 overflows into the right fringe, and the cursor will be displayed in |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1133 the fringe when positioned on that newline. |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1134 |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1135 @vindex indicate-buffer-boundaries |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
1136 On a window system, Emacs may indicate the buffer boundaries in the |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1137 fringes. The buffer boundaries, i.e. first and last line in the |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1138 buffer, can be marked with angle bitmaps in the left or right fringe. |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1139 This can be combined with up and down arrow bitmaps shown at the top |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1140 and bottom of the left or right fringe if the window can be scrolled |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
1141 in either direction. |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
1142 |
57251
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1143 The buffer-local variable @code{indicate-buffer-boundaries} controls |
57194
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
56779
diff
changeset
|
1144 how the buffer boundaries and window scrolling is indicated in the |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1145 fringes. |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1146 |
57251
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1147 If the value is @code{left} or @code{right}, both angle and arrow |
57194
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1148 bitmaps are displayed in the left or right fringe, respectively. |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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|
1149 |
57251
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1150 If value is an alist, each element @code{(@var{indicator} . |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1151 @var{position})} specifies the position of one of the indicators. |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1152 The @var{indicator} must be one of @code{top}, @code{bottom}, |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1153 @code{up}, @code{down}, or @code{t} which specifies the default |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57200
diff
changeset
|
1154 position for the indicators not present in the alist. |
62571
e2ddd55fafc1
(Display Custom): Correct typo.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
62417
diff
changeset
|
1155 The @var{position} is one of @code{left}, @code{right}, or @code{nil} |
57251
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1156 which specifies not to show this indicator. |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1157 |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1158 For example, @code{((top . left) (t . right))} places the top angle |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57200
diff
changeset
|
1159 bitmap in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
57200
diff
changeset
|
1160 both arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
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|
1161 the left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use @code{((top . left) |
f4a2067d260e
(Display Custom) <indicate-buffer-boundaries>:
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parents:
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|
1162 (bottom . left))}. |
57194
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
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|
1163 |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
1164 @vindex default-indicate-buffer-boundaries |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
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parents:
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diff
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|
1165 The value of the variable @code{default-indicate-buffer-boundaries} |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1166 is the default value for @code{indicate-buffer-boundaries} in buffers |
4871edb9e1d3
(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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changeset
|
1167 that do not override it. |
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(Display Custom): Add `overflow-newline-into-fringe',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
1168 |
25829 | 1169 @vindex baud-rate |
64142
eb4a141e8d30
(Display Custom): Add anchor for `baud-rate'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
63753
diff
changeset
|
1170 The variable @anchor{baud-rate}@code{baud-rate} holds the output speed of the |
36151
8597da1b1ab7
Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36150
diff
changeset
|
1171 terminal, as far as Emacs knows. Setting this variable does not |
8597da1b1ab7
Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36150
diff
changeset
|
1172 change the speed of actual data transmission, but the value is used |
8597da1b1ab7
Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36150
diff
changeset
|
1173 for calculations. On terminals, it affects padding, and decisions |
8597da1b1ab7
Minor changes in previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36150
diff
changeset
|
1174 about whether to scroll part of the screen or redraw it instead. |
37123
2ddb60a19f54
baud-rate affects incremental search.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36845
diff
changeset
|
1175 It also affects the behavior of incremental search. |
32624
cc6228b81571
(Display Vars): Fix description of the role of
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
31188
diff
changeset
|
1176 |
36150
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
1177 On window-systems, @code{baud-rate} is only used to determine how |
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
1178 frequently to look for pending input during display updating. A |
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
1179 higher value of @code{baud-rate} means that check for pending input |
46e59561af4c
Display Vars node renamed Display Custom.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
35433
diff
changeset
|
1180 will be done less frequently. |
25829 | 1181 |
1182 You can customize the way any particular character code is displayed | |
1183 by means of a display table. @xref{Display Tables,, Display Tables, | |
1184 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}. | |
36150
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1185 |
36260 | 1186 @cindex hourglass pointer display |
1187 @vindex hourglass-delay | |
36156
3a9de976b35c
Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36151
diff
changeset
|
1188 On a window system, Emacs can optionally display the mouse pointer |
3a9de976b35c
Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36151
diff
changeset
|
1189 in a special shape to say that Emacs is busy. To turn this feature on |
3a9de976b35c
Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36151
diff
changeset
|
1190 or off, customize the group @code{cursor}. You can also control the |
3a9de976b35c
Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36151
diff
changeset
|
1191 amount of time Emacs must remain busy before the busy indicator is |
36260 | 1192 displayed, by setting the variable @code{hourglass-delay}. |
36156
3a9de976b35c
Delete info on Font Lock Support Modes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36151
diff
changeset
|
1193 |
39162
af44a4698df4
Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38939
diff
changeset
|
1194 @findex tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors |
af44a4698df4
Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38939
diff
changeset
|
1195 On some text-only terminals, bold face and inverse video together |
af44a4698df4
Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38939
diff
changeset
|
1196 result in text that is hard to read. Call the function |
af44a4698df4
Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38939
diff
changeset
|
1197 @code{tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors} with a non-@code{nil} |
af44a4698df4
Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38939
diff
changeset
|
1198 argument to suppress the effect of bold-face in this case. |
af44a4698df4
Describe tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38939
diff
changeset
|
1199 |
52401 | 1200 @ignore |
1201 arch-tag: 2219f910-2ff0-4521-b059-1bd231a536c4 | |
1202 @end ignore |