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author | Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org> |
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date | Wed, 27 Aug 2008 20:21:31 +0000 |
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83911 | 1 '\" t |
2 .\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, | |
87649 | 3 .\" 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
83911 | 4 .\" |
5 .\" This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
6 .\" | |
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7 .\" GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify |
83911 | 8 .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
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9 .\" the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or |
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10 .\" (at your option) any later version. |
83911 | 11 .\" |
12 .\" GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
13 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
14 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
15 .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
16 .\" | |
17 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
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18 .\" along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. |
83911 | 19 .\" |
20 '\" t | |
92800 | 21 .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 23.0.60" |
83911 | 22 . |
23 . | |
24 .SH NAME | |
25 emacs \- GNU project Emacs | |
26 . | |
27 . | |
28 .SH SYNOPSIS | |
29 .B emacs | |
30 [ | |
31 .I command-line switches | |
32 ] [ | |
33 .I files ...\& | |
34 ] | |
35 . | |
36 . | |
37 .SH DESCRIPTION | |
38 .I GNU Emacs | |
39 is a version of | |
40 .IR Emacs , | |
41 written by the author of the original (PDP-10) | |
42 .IR Emacs , | |
43 Richard Stallman. | |
44 .br | |
45 The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual, | |
46 which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone | |
47 program. | |
48 Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. | |
49 This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the | |
50 Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time | |
51 this man page takes away from other more useful projects. | |
52 .br | |
53 The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses | |
54 everything other | |
55 .I Emacs | |
56 editors do, and it is easily extensible since its | |
57 editing commands are written in Lisp. | |
58 .PP | |
59 .I Emacs | |
60 has an extensive interactive help facility, | |
61 but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate | |
62 .I Emacs | |
63 windows and buffers. | |
64 CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility. | |
65 Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can | |
66 teach beginners the fundamentals of | |
67 .I Emacs | |
68 in a few minutes. | |
69 Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you | |
70 find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c) | |
71 describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f) | |
72 describes a given Lisp function specified by name. | |
73 .PP | |
74 .IR Emacs 's | |
75 Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is | |
76 easy to recover from editing mistakes. | |
77 .PP | |
78 .IR "GNU Emacs" 's | |
79 many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail), | |
80 outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells | |
81 within | |
82 .I Emacs | |
83 windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop | |
84 (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more. | |
85 .PP | |
86 There is an extensive reference manual, but | |
87 users of other Emacses | |
88 should have little trouble adapting even | |
89 without a copy. | |
90 Users new to | |
91 .I Emacs | |
92 will be able | |
93 to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and | |
94 using the self-documentation features. | |
95 . | |
96 .SS Emacs Options | |
97 The following options are of general interest: | |
98 .RS | |
99 .TP 8 | |
100 .I file | |
101 Edit | |
102 .IR file . | |
103 .TP | |
104 .BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file" | |
105 The same as specifying | |
106 .I file | |
107 directly as an argument. | |
108 .TP | |
109 .BI + number | |
110 Go to the line specified by | |
111 .I number | |
112 (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and | |
113 the number). | |
114 This applies only to the next file specified. | |
115 .TP | |
116 .BI + line:column | |
117 Go to the specified | |
118 .I line | |
119 and | |
120 .IR column . | |
121 .TP | |
122 .BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file | |
123 Do not load an init file. | |
124 .TP | |
125 .B \-\-no\-site\-file | |
126 Do not load the site-wide startup file. | |
127 .TP | |
128 .B \-\-no\-desktop | |
129 Do not load a saved desktop. | |
130 .TP | |
131 .BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory | |
132 Do not use shared memory. | |
133 .TP | |
134 .BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick | |
135 Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash". | |
136 .TP | |
137 .B \-\-no\-splash | |
138 Do not display a splash screen during start-up. | |
139 .TP | |
140 .B \-\-debug\-init | |
141 Enable | |
142 .I Emacs | |
143 Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file | |
144 .BR ~/.emacs . | |
145 This is useful for debugging problems in the init file. | |
146 .TP | |
147 .BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user" | |
148 Load | |
149 .IR user 's | |
150 init file. | |
151 .TP | |
152 .BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file" | |
153 Use specified | |
154 .I file | |
155 as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout. | |
156 This must be the first argument specified in the command line. | |
157 .TP | |
158 .BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte | |
159 Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default). | |
160 .TP | |
161 .BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte | |
162 Enable unibyte mode. | |
163 .TP | |
164 .B \-\-version | |
165 Display | |
166 .I Emacs | |
167 version information and exit. | |
168 .TP | |
169 .B \-\-help | |
170 Display this help and exit. | |
171 .RE | |
172 .PP | |
173 The following options are lisp-oriented | |
174 (these options are processed in the order encountered): | |
175 .RS | |
176 .TP 8 | |
177 .BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function" | |
178 Execute the lisp function | |
179 .IR function . | |
180 .TP | |
181 .BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file" | |
182 Load the lisp code in the file | |
183 .IR file . | |
184 .TP | |
185 .BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr" | |
186 Evaluate the Lisp expression | |
187 .IR expr . | |
188 .RE | |
189 .PP | |
190 The following options are useful when running | |
191 .I Emacs | |
192 as a batch editor: | |
193 .RS | |
194 .TP 8 | |
195 .B \-\-batch | |
196 Edit in batch mode. | |
197 The editor will send messages to stderr. | |
198 This option must be the first in the argument list. | |
199 You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute | |
200 and functions to call. | |
201 .TP | |
202 .BI \-\-script " file" | |
203 Run | |
204 .I file | |
205 as an Emacs Lisp script. | |
206 .TP | |
207 .BI \-\-insert " file" | |
208 Insert contents of | |
209 .I file | |
210 into the current buffer. | |
211 .TP | |
212 .B \-\-kill | |
213 Exit | |
214 .I Emacs | |
215 while in batch mode. | |
216 .TP | |
217 .BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir" | |
218 Add | |
219 .I dir | |
220 to the list of directories | |
221 .I Emacs | |
222 searches for Lisp files. | |
223 .RE | |
224 . | |
225 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X | |
226 .SS Using Emacs with X | |
227 .I Emacs | |
228 has been tailored to work well with the X window system. | |
229 If you run | |
230 .I Emacs | |
231 from under X windows, it will create its own X window to | |
232 display in. | |
233 You will probably want to start the editor as a background | |
234 process so that you can continue using your original window. | |
235 .PP | |
236 .I Emacs | |
237 can be started with the following X switches: | |
238 .RS | |
239 .TP 8 | |
240 .BI \-\-name " name" | |
241 Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial | |
242 .I Emacs | |
243 window. | |
244 This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title. | |
245 .TP | |
246 .BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name" | |
247 Specify the title for the initial X window. | |
248 .TP | |
249 .BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video | |
250 Display the | |
251 .I Emacs | |
252 window in reverse video. | |
253 .TP | |
254 .BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font" | |
255 Set the | |
256 .I Emacs | |
257 window's font to that specified by | |
258 .IR font . | |
259 You will find the various | |
260 .I X | |
261 fonts in the | |
262 .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts | |
263 directory. | |
264 Note that | |
265 .I Emacs | |
266 will only accept fixed width fonts. | |
267 Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the | |
268 value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed | |
269 width font. | |
270 Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form | |
271 .IR width x height | |
272 are generally fixed width, as is the font | |
273 .IR fixed . | |
274 See | |
275 .BR xlsfonts (1) | |
276 for more information. | |
277 | |
278 When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the | |
279 switch and the font name. | |
280 .TP | |
281 .BI \-\-xrm " resources" | |
282 Set additional X resources. | |
283 .TP | |
284 .BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode | |
285 Override color mode for character terminals; | |
286 .I mode | |
287 defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always', | |
288 or a mode name like `ansi8'. | |
289 .TP | |
290 .BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels" | |
291 Set the | |
292 .I Emacs | |
293 window's border width to the number of pixels specified by | |
294 .IR pixels . | |
295 Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window. | |
296 .TP | |
297 .BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels" | |
298 Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified | |
299 by | |
300 .IR pixels . | |
301 Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window. | |
302 .TP | |
303 .BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry" | |
304 Set the | |
305 .I Emacs | |
306 window's width, height, and position as specified. | |
307 The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see | |
308 .BR X (7) | |
309 for more information. | |
310 The width and height are specified in characters; the default is | |
311 80 by 24. | |
312 See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position", | |
313 for information on how window sizes interact | |
314 with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar. | |
315 .TP | |
316 .BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels" | |
317 Additional space to put between lines. | |
318 .TP | |
319 .BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars | |
320 Enable vertical scrollbars. | |
321 .TP | |
322 .BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight | |
323 Make the first frame as high as the screen. | |
324 .TP | |
325 .BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen | |
326 Make the first frame fullscreen. | |
327 .TP | |
328 .BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth | |
329 Make the first frame as wide as the screen. | |
330 .TP | |
331 .BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color" | |
332 On color displays, set the color of the text. | |
333 | |
334 Use the command | |
335 .I M\-x list\-colors\-display | |
336 for a list of valid color names. | |
337 .TP | |
338 .BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color" | |
339 On color displays, set the color of the window's background. | |
340 .TP | |
341 .BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color" | |
342 On color displays, set the color of the window's border. | |
343 .TP | |
344 .BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color" | |
345 On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor. | |
346 .TP | |
347 .BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color" | |
348 On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
349 .TP | |
350 .BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname" | |
351 Create the | |
352 .I Emacs | |
353 window on the display specified by | |
354 .IR displayname . | |
355 Must be the first option specified in the command line. | |
356 .TP | |
357 .BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon | |
358 Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon. | |
359 .TP | |
360 .B \-\-iconic | |
361 Start | |
362 .I Emacs | |
363 in iconified state. | |
364 .TP | |
365 .BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor | |
366 Disable blinking cursor. | |
367 .TP | |
368 .BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system | |
369 Tell | |
370 .I Emacs | |
371 not to use its special interface to X. | |
372 If you use this switch when invoking | |
373 .I Emacs | |
374 from an | |
375 .BR xterm (1) | |
376 window, display is done in that window. | |
377 .TP | |
378 .BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display | |
379 This option disables many display features; use it for | |
380 debugging Emacs. | |
381 .RE | |
382 .PP | |
383 You can set | |
384 .I X | |
385 default values for your | |
386 .I Emacs | |
387 windows in your | |
388 .I \.Xresources | |
389 file (see | |
390 .BR xrdb (1)). | |
391 Use the following format: | |
392 .IP | |
393 .RI emacs. keyword : value | |
394 .PP | |
395 where | |
396 .I value | |
397 specifies the default value of | |
398 .IR keyword . | |
399 .I Emacs | |
400 lets you set default values for the following keywords: | |
401 .RS | |
402 .TP 8 | |
403 .BR background " (class " Background ) | |
404 For color displays, | |
405 sets the window's background color. | |
406 .TP | |
407 .BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon ) | |
408 If | |
409 .BR bitmapIcon 's | |
410 value is set to | |
411 .IR on , | |
412 the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink." | |
413 .TP | |
414 .BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor ) | |
415 For color displays, | |
416 sets the color of the window's border. | |
417 .TP | |
418 .BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth ) | |
419 Sets the window's border width in pixels. | |
420 .TP | |
421 .BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground ) | |
422 For color displays, | |
423 sets the color of the window's text cursor. | |
424 .TP | |
425 .BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink ) | |
426 Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. | |
427 The default is | |
428 .IR on . | |
429 Use | |
430 .I off | |
431 or | |
432 .I false | |
433 to turn cursor blinking off. | |
434 .TP | |
435 .BR font " (class " Font ) | |
436 Sets the window's text font. | |
437 .TP | |
438 .BR foreground " (class " Foreground ) | |
439 For color displays, | |
440 sets the window's text color. | |
441 .TP | |
442 .BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen ) | |
443 The desired fullscreen size. | |
444 The value can be one of | |
445 .IR fullboth , | |
446 .IR fullwidth , | |
447 or | |
448 .IR fullheight , | |
449 which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and | |
450 `\-fh', respectively. | |
451 Note that this applies to the initial frame only. | |
452 .TP | |
453 .BR geometry " (class " Geometry ) | |
454 Sets the geometry of the | |
455 .I Emacs | |
456 window (as described above). | |
457 .TP | |
458 .BR iconName " (class " Title ) | |
459 Sets the icon name for the | |
460 .I Emacs | |
461 window icon. | |
462 .TP | |
463 .BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth ) | |
464 Sets the window's internal border width in pixels. | |
465 .TP | |
466 .BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing ) | |
467 Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels. | |
468 .TP | |
469 .BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar ) | |
470 Gives frames menu bars if | |
471 .IR on ; | |
472 don't have menu bars if | |
473 .IR off . | |
474 See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif | |
475 Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar | |
476 if you have one. | |
477 .TP | |
478 .BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer ) | |
479 If | |
480 .IR none , | |
481 don't make a minibuffer in this frame. | |
482 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. | |
483 .TP | |
484 .BR paneFont " (class " Font ) | |
485 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of | |
486 .IR Emacs . | |
487 .TP | |
488 .BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground ) | |
489 For color displays, | |
490 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. | |
491 .TP | |
492 .BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap ) | |
493 If | |
494 .IR on , | |
495 use a private color map, in the case where the "default | |
496 visual" of class | |
497 .B PseudoColor | |
498 and | |
499 .B Emacs | |
500 is using it. | |
501 .TP | |
502 .BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo ) | |
503 If | |
504 .BR reverseVideo 's | |
505 value is set to | |
506 .IR on , | |
507 the window will be displayed in reverse video. | |
508 .TP | |
509 .BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma ) | |
510 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter | |
511 `screen\-gamma'. | |
512 .TP | |
513 .BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth ) | |
514 The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter | |
515 `scroll\-bar\-width'. | |
516 .TP | |
517 .BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont ) | |
518 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of | |
519 .IR Emacs . | |
520 (For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections | |
521 "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".) | |
522 .TP | |
523 .BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout ) | |
524 Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. | |
525 A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. | |
526 .TP | |
527 .BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous ) | |
528 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if | |
529 .IR on . | |
530 Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems. | |
531 .TP | |
532 .BR title " (class " Title ) | |
533 Sets the title of the | |
534 .I Emacs | |
535 window. | |
536 .TP | |
537 .BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar ) | |
538 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. | |
539 .TP | |
540 .BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM ) | |
541 Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if | |
542 .I false | |
543 or | |
544 .IR off . | |
545 .TP | |
546 .BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars ) | |
547 Gives frames scroll bars if | |
548 .IR on ; | |
549 suppresses scroll bars if | |
550 .IR off . | |
551 .TP | |
552 .BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass ) | |
553 Specify the "visual" that X should use. | |
554 This tells X how to handle colors. | |
555 The value should start with one of | |
556 .IR TrueColor , | |
557 .IR PseudoColor , | |
558 .IR DirectColor , | |
559 .IR StaticColor , | |
560 .IR GrayScale , | |
561 and | |
562 .IR StaticGray , | |
563 followed by | |
564 .BI \- depth\fR,\fP | |
565 where | |
566 .I depth | |
567 is the number of color planes. | |
568 .RE | |
569 .PP | |
570 If you try to set color values while using a black and white display, | |
571 the window's characteristics will default as follows: | |
572 the foreground color will be set to black, | |
573 the background color will be set to white, | |
574 the border color will be set to grey, | |
575 and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black. | |
576 . | |
577 .SS Using the Mouse | |
578 .PP | |
579 The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the | |
580 .I Emacs | |
581 window under X11. | |
582 . | |
583 .RS | |
584 .TS | |
585 l l | |
586 - - | |
587 l l. | |
588 MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION | |
589 left Set point. | |
590 middle Paste text. | |
591 right Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
592 SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
593 SHIFT-right Paste text. | |
594 CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it. | |
595 CTRL-right T{ | |
596 Select this window, then split it into two windows. | |
597 Same as typing CTRL\-x 2. | |
598 T} | |
599 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS | |
600 CTRL-SHIFT-left T{ | |
601 X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys | |
602 down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release. | |
603 Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel. | |
604 T} | |
605 CTRL-SHIFT-middle T{ | |
606 X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help. | |
607 T} | |
608 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS | |
609 CTRL-SHIFT-right T{ | |
610 Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows. | |
611 Same as typing CTRL\-x 1. | |
612 T} | |
613 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X | |
614 .TE | |
615 .RE | |
616 . | |
617 . | |
618 .SH MANUALS | |
619 You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free | |
620 Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. | |
621 See the file ORDERS for ordering information. | |
622 .br | |
623 Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. | |
624 As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted | |
625 to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. | |
626 The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source | |
627 distribution. | |
628 . | |
629 . | |
630 .SH FILES | |
631 /usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser. | |
632 The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a | |
633 convenient tree structured form. | |
634 Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone | |
635 wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language. | |
636 | |
637 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and | |
638 compiled files that define most editing commands. | |
639 Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when | |
640 used. | |
641 | |
642 /usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are | |
643 used with GNU Emacs. | |
644 | |
645 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information. | |
646 | |
647 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation | |
648 strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions | |
649 of GNU Emacs. | |
650 They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper. | |
651 | |
652 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering | |
653 various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education, | |
654 troubleshooting, porting and customization. | |
655 . | |
656 . | |
657 .SH BUGS | |
658 There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs | |
659 bugs and fixes. | |
660 But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that | |
661 it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature. | |
662 We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the | |
663 end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and | |
664 when to report bugs. | |
665 Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in | |
666 \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in. | |
667 | |
668 Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. | |
669 The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone | |
670 in the next release, if possible. | |
671 For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for | |
672 a list of people who offer it. | |
673 | |
674 Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list. | |
675 For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the | |
676 file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. | |
677 Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is | |
678 in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be | |
679 easily reproduced. | |
680 . | |
681 . | |
682 .SH UNRESTRICTIONS | |
683 .I Emacs | |
684 is free; anyone may redistribute copies of | |
685 .I Emacs | |
686 to | |
687 anyone under the terms stated in the | |
688 .I Emacs | |
689 General Public License, | |
690 a copy of which accompanies each copy of | |
691 .I Emacs | |
692 and which also | |
693 appears in the reference manual. | |
694 .PP | |
695 Copies of | |
696 .I Emacs | |
697 may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems, | |
698 but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those | |
699 systems. | |
700 Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted. | |
701 In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to | |
702 prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to | |
703 redistribution of | |
704 .IR Emacs . | |
705 .PP | |
706 Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend | |
707 .IR Emacs , | |
708 and urges that | |
709 you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. | |
710 Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement | |
711 for Unix. | |
712 Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system. | |
713 . | |
714 . | |
715 .SH SEE ALSO | |
716 .BR emacsclient (1), | |
717 .BR etags (1), | |
718 .BR X (7), | |
719 .BR xlsfonts (1), | |
720 .BR xterm (1), | |
721 .BR xrdb (1) | |
722 . | |
723 . | |
724 .SH AUTHORS | |
725 .I Emacs | |
726 was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. | |
727 Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features. | |
728 . | |
729 . | |
730 .SH COPYING | |
731 Copyright | |
732 .if t \(co | |
733 .if n (C) | |
734 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, | |
87649 | 735 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
83911 | 736 .PP |
737 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this | |
738 document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are | |
739 preserved on all copies. | |
740 .PP | |
741 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of | |
742 this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that | |
743 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of | |
744 a permission notice identical to this one. | |
745 .PP | |
746 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this | |
747 document into another language, under the above conditions for | |
748 modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated | |
749 in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. | |
750 . | |
751 .\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa |