Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/mark.texi @ 60039:d1e57e5b8403
(Hash Tables): Add desc to menu items.
(Creating Hash): Expain "full" means "make larger",
(Hash Access): Any object can be a key.
State value of maphash.
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
---|---|
date | Mon, 14 Feb 2005 10:13:16 +0000 |
parents | f23a14da8463 |
children | 1f085a397379 eac554634bfa |
rev | line source |
---|---|
25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
39287 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
4 @node Mark, Killing, Help, Top | |
5 @chapter The Mark and the Region | |
6 @cindex mark | |
7 @cindex setting a mark | |
8 @cindex region | |
9 | |
10 Many Emacs commands operate on an arbitrary contiguous part of the | |
11 current buffer. To specify the text for such a command to operate on, | |
12 you set @dfn{the mark} at one end of it, and move point to the other | |
13 end. The text between point and the mark is called @dfn{the region}. | |
14 Emacs highlights the region whenever there is one, if you enable | |
15 Transient Mark mode (@pxref{Transient Mark}). | |
16 | |
38411
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
17 Certain Emacs commands set the mark; other editing commands do not |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
18 affect it, so the mark remains where you set it last. Each Emacs |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
19 buffer has its own mark, and setting the mark in one buffer has no |
38786 | 20 effect on other buffers' marks. When you return to a buffer that was |
21 current earlier, its mark is at the same place as before. | |
38411
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
22 |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
23 The ends of the region are always point and the mark. It doesn't |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
24 matter which of them was put in its current place first, or which one |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
25 comes earlier in the text---the region starts from point or the mark |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
26 (whichever comes first), and ends at point or the mark (whichever |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
27 comes last). Every time you move point, or set the mark in a new |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
28 place, the region changes. |
25829 | 29 |
30 Many commands that insert text, such as @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank}) and | |
38411
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
31 @kbd{M-x insert-buffer}, position point and the mark at opposite ends |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
32 of the inserted text, so that the region consists of the text just |
2fc02d49a9a4
Clarify initial discussion.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38208
diff
changeset
|
33 inserted. |
25829 | 34 |
35 Aside from delimiting the region, the mark is also useful for | |
36 remembering a spot that you may want to go back to. To make this | |
37 feature more useful, each buffer remembers 16 previous locations of the | |
38 mark in the @dfn{mark ring}. | |
39 | |
40 @menu | |
41 * Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark. | |
42 * Transient Mark:: How to make Emacs highlight the region-- | |
43 when there is one. | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
44 * Momentary Mark:: Enabling Transient Mark mode momentarily. |
25829 | 45 * Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region. |
46 * Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units. | |
47 * Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there. | |
48 * Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers. | |
49 @end menu | |
50 | |
51 @node Setting Mark | |
52 @section Setting the Mark | |
53 | |
54 Here are some commands for setting the mark: | |
55 | |
56 @table @kbd | |
57 @item C-@key{SPC} | |
58 Set the mark where point is (@code{set-mark-command}). | |
59 @item C-@@ | |
60 The same. | |
61 @item C-x C-x | |
62 Interchange mark and point (@code{exchange-point-and-mark}). | |
63 @item Drag-Mouse-1 | |
64 Set point and the mark around the text you drag across. | |
65 @item Mouse-3 | |
66 Set the mark where point is, then move point to where you click | |
67 (@code{mouse-save-then-kill}). | |
68 @end table | |
69 | |
70 For example, suppose you wish to convert part of the buffer to | |
71 upper case, using the @kbd{C-x C-u} (@code{upcase-region}) command, | |
72 which operates on the text in the region. You can first go to the | |
73 beginning of the text to be capitalized, type @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} to put | |
74 the mark there, move to the end, and then type @kbd{C-x C-u}. Or, you | |
75 can set the mark at the end of the text, move to the beginning, and then | |
76 type @kbd{C-x C-u}. | |
77 | |
78 @kindex C-SPC | |
79 @findex set-mark-command | |
80 The most common way to set the mark is with the @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} command | |
81 (@code{set-mark-command}). This sets the mark where point is. Then you | |
82 can move point away, leaving the mark behind. | |
83 | |
84 There are two ways to set the mark with the mouse. You can drag mouse | |
85 button one across a range of text; that puts point where you release the | |
86 mouse button, and sets the mark at the other end of that range. Or you | |
87 can click mouse button three, which sets the mark at point (like | |
88 @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) and then moves point (like @kbd{Mouse-1}). Both of | |
89 these methods copy the region into the kill ring in addition to setting | |
90 the mark; that gives behavior consistent with other window-driven | |
91 applications, but if you don't want to modify the kill ring, you must | |
92 use keyboard commands to set the mark. @xref{Mouse Commands}. | |
93 | |
94 @kindex C-x C-x | |
95 @findex exchange-point-and-mark | |
96 Ordinary terminals have only one cursor, so there is no way for Emacs | |
97 to show you where the mark is located. You have to remember. The usual | |
38482
c8c4805bde95
Minor changes from Richard Stallman.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38461
diff
changeset
|
98 solution to this problem is to set the mark and then use it soon, before |
25829 | 99 you forget where it is. Alternatively, you can see where the mark is |
100 with the command @kbd{C-x C-x} (@code{exchange-point-and-mark}) which | |
101 puts the mark where point was and point where the mark was. The extent | |
102 of the region is unchanged, but the cursor and point are now at the | |
103 previous position of the mark. In Transient Mark mode, this command | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
104 also reactivates the mark. |
25829 | 105 |
106 @kbd{C-x C-x} is also useful when you are satisfied with the position | |
107 of point but want to move the other end of the region (where the mark | |
108 is); do @kbd{C-x C-x} to put point at that end of the region, and then | |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
109 move it. Using @kbd{C-x C-x} a second time, if necessary, puts the mark at |
25829 | 110 the new position with point back at its original position. |
111 | |
36359
33c7ddaf02c6
(Setting Mark): Add a cross-reference to the section which describes
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36165
diff
changeset
|
112 For more facilities that allow you to go to previously set marks, see |
33c7ddaf02c6
(Setting Mark): Add a cross-reference to the section which describes
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36165
diff
changeset
|
113 @ref{Mark Ring}. |
33c7ddaf02c6
(Setting Mark): Add a cross-reference to the section which describes
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
36165
diff
changeset
|
114 |
25829 | 115 @kindex C-@@ |
52979
3649390c0f91
Replace @sc{ascii} and ASCII with @acronym{ASCII}.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52401
diff
changeset
|
116 There is no such character as @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} in @acronym{ASCII}; when you |
25829 | 117 type @key{SPC} while holding down @key{CTRL}, what you get on most |
118 ordinary terminals is the character @kbd{C-@@}. This key is actually | |
119 bound to @code{set-mark-command}. But unless you are unlucky enough to | |
120 have a terminal where typing @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} does not produce | |
121 @kbd{C-@@}, you might as well think of this character as | |
122 @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. Under X, @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} is actually a distinct | |
123 character, but its binding is still @code{set-mark-command}. | |
124 | |
125 @node Transient Mark | |
126 @section Transient Mark Mode | |
127 @cindex mode, Transient Mark | |
128 @cindex Transient Mark mode | |
129 @cindex highlighting region | |
130 @cindex region highlighting | |
131 | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
132 On a terminal that supports colors, Emacs has the ability to |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
133 highlight the current region. But normally it does not. Why not? |
25829 | 134 |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
135 Once you have set the mark in a buffer, there is @emph{always} a |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
136 region in that buffer. This is because every command that sets the |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
137 mark also activates it, and nothing ever deactivates it. Highlighting |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
138 the region all the time would be a nuisance. So normally Emacs |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
139 highlights the region only immediately after you have selected one |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
140 with the mouse. |
25829 | 141 |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
142 If you want region highlighting, you can use Transient Mark mode. |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
143 This is a more rigid mode of operation in which the region always |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
144 ``lasts'' only until you use it; you explicitly must set up a region |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
145 for each command that uses one. In Transient Mark mode, most of the |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
146 time there is no region; therefore, highlighting the region when it |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
147 exists is useful and not annoying. When Transient Mark mode is |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
148 enabled, Emacs always highlights the region whenever there is a |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
149 region. |
25829 | 150 |
151 @findex transient-mark-mode | |
152 To enable Transient Mark mode, type @kbd{M-x transient-mark-mode}. | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
153 This command toggles the mode; you can use the same command to turn |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
154 the mode off again. |
25829 | 155 |
156 Here are the details of Transient Mark mode: | |
157 | |
158 @itemize @bullet | |
159 @item | |
160 To set the mark, type @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} (@code{set-mark-command}). | |
38786 | 161 This makes the mark active and thus begins highlighting of the region. |
162 As you move point, you will see the highlighted region grow and | |
163 shrink. | |
25829 | 164 |
49600
23a1cea22d13
Trailing whitespace deleted.
Juanma Barranquero <lekktu@gmail.com>
parents:
46237
diff
changeset
|
165 @item |
25829 | 166 The mouse commands for specifying the mark also make it active. So do |
167 keyboard commands whose purpose is to specify a region, including | |
168 @kbd{M-@@}, @kbd{C-M-@@}, @kbd{M-h}, @kbd{C-M-h}, @kbd{C-x C-p}, and | |
169 @kbd{C-x h}. | |
170 | |
171 @item | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
172 You can tell that the mark is active because the region is highlighted. |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
173 |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
174 @item |
25829 | 175 When the mark is active, you can execute commands that operate on the |
176 region, such as killing, indenting, or writing to a file. | |
177 | |
178 @item | |
179 Any change to the buffer, such as inserting or deleting a character, | |
180 deactivates the mark. This means any subsequent command that operates | |
181 on a region will get an error and refuse to operate. You can make the | |
182 region active again by typing @kbd{C-x C-x}. | |
183 | |
184 @item | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
185 Quitting with @kbd{C-g} deactivates the mark. |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
186 |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
187 @item |
38786 | 188 Commands like @kbd{M->} and @kbd{C-s}, that ``leave the mark behind'' in |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
189 addition to some other primary purpose, do not activate the new mark. |
25829 | 190 You can activate the new region by executing @kbd{C-x C-x} |
191 (@code{exchange-point-and-mark}). | |
192 | |
193 @item | |
58974
f23a14da8463
(Transient Mark, Mark Ring): M-< and other
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
58920
diff
changeset
|
194 Commands that normally set the mark before moving long distances (like |
f23a14da8463
(Transient Mark, Mark Ring): M-< and other
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
58920
diff
changeset
|
195 @kbd{M-<} and @kbd{C-s}) do not alter the mark in Transient Mark mode |
f23a14da8463
(Transient Mark, Mark Ring): M-< and other
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
58920
diff
changeset
|
196 when the mark is active. |
25829 | 197 |
198 @item | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
199 Some commands operate on the region if a region is active. For |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
200 instance, @kbd{C-x u} in Transient Mark mode operates on the region, |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
201 when there is a region. (Outside Transient Mark mode, you must type |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
202 @kbd{C-u C-x u} if you want it to operate on the region.) |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
203 @xref{Undo}. Other commands that act this way are identified in their |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
204 own documentation. |
25829 | 205 @end itemize |
206 | |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
207 The highlighting of the region uses the @code{region} face; you can |
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
208 customize the appearance of the highlighted region by changing this |
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
209 face. @xref{Face Customization}. |
25829 | 210 |
211 @vindex highlight-nonselected-windows | |
212 When multiple windows show the same buffer, they can have different | |
213 regions, because they can have different values of point (though they | |
214 all share one common mark position). Ordinarily, only the selected | |
215 window highlights its region (@pxref{Windows}). However, if the | |
216 variable @code{highlight-nonselected-windows} is non-@code{nil}, then | |
217 each window highlights its own region (provided that Transient Mark mode | |
38786 | 218 is enabled and the mark in the window's buffer is active). |
25829 | 219 |
220 @vindex mark-even-if-inactive | |
221 If the variable @code{mark-even-if-inactive} is non-@code{nil} in | |
222 Transient Mark mode, then commands can use the mark and the region | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
223 even when it is inactive. Region highlighting appears and disappears |
25829 | 224 just as it normally does in Transient Mark mode, but the mark doesn't |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
225 really go away when the highlighting disappears, so you can still use |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
226 region commands. |
25829 | 227 |
228 @cindex Zmacs mode | |
229 Transient Mark mode is also sometimes known as ``Zmacs mode'' | |
230 because the Zmacs editor on the MIT Lisp Machine handled the mark in a | |
231 similar way. | |
232 | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
233 @node Momentary Mark |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
234 @section Using Transient Mark Mode Momentarily |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
235 |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
236 If you don't like Transient Mark mode in general, you might still |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
237 want to use it once in a while. To do this, type @kbd{C-@key{SPC} |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
238 C-@key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-u C-x C-x}. These commands set or activate the |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
239 mark, and enable Transient Mark mode only until the mark is |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
240 deactivated. |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
241 |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
242 @table @kbd |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
243 @item C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC} |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
244 @kindex C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC} |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
245 Set the mark at point (like plain @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}), and enable |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
246 Transient Mark mode just once until the mark is deactivated. (This is |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
247 not really a separate command; you are using the @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
248 command twice.) |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
249 |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
250 @item C-u C-x C-x |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
251 @kindex C-u C-x C-x |
56691
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
252 Activate the mark without changing it; enable Transient Mark mode just |
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
253 once, until the mark is deactivated. (This is the @kbd{C-x C-x} |
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
254 command, @code{exchange-point-and-mark}, with a prefix argument.) |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
255 @end table |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
256 |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
257 One of the secondary features of Transient Mark mode is that certain |
56691
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
258 commands operate only on the region, when there is an active region. |
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
259 If you don't use Transient Mark mode, the region once set never |
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
260 becomes inactive, so there is no way for these commands to make such a |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
261 distinction. Enabling Transient Mark mode momentarily gives you a way |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
262 to use these commands on the region. |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
263 |
56691
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
264 Momentary use of Transient Mark mode is also a way to highlight the |
378fee0ad45e
(Momentary Mark): Minor cleanups.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
265 region for the time being. |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
266 |
25829 | 267 @node Using Region |
268 @section Operating on the Region | |
269 | |
270 @cindex operations on a marked region | |
271 Once you have a region and the mark is active, here are some of the | |
272 ways you can operate on the region: | |
273 | |
274 @itemize @bullet | |
275 @item | |
276 Kill it with @kbd{C-w} (@pxref{Killing}). | |
277 @item | |
278 Save it in a register with @kbd{C-x r s} (@pxref{Registers}). | |
279 @item | |
280 Save it in a buffer or a file (@pxref{Accumulating Text}). | |
281 @item | |
282 Convert case with @kbd{C-x C-l} or @kbd{C-x C-u} (@pxref{Case}). | |
283 @item | |
284 Indent it with @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}} or @kbd{C-M-\} (@pxref{Indentation}). | |
285 @item | |
286 Fill it as text with @kbd{M-x fill-region} (@pxref{Filling}). | |
287 @item | |
288 Print hardcopy with @kbd{M-x print-region} (@pxref{Hardcopy}). | |
289 @item | |
290 Evaluate it as Lisp code with @kbd{M-x eval-region} (@pxref{Lisp Eval}). | |
291 @end itemize | |
292 | |
38482
c8c4805bde95
Minor changes from Richard Stallman.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38461
diff
changeset
|
293 Most commands that operate on the text in the region have the word |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
294 @code{region} in their names. |
25829 | 295 |
296 @node Marking Objects | |
297 @section Commands to Mark Textual Objects | |
298 | |
299 @cindex marking sections of text | |
300 Here are the commands for placing point and the mark around a textual | |
301 object such as a word, list, paragraph or page. | |
302 | |
303 @table @kbd | |
304 @item M-@@ | |
38786 | 305 Set mark after end of next word (@code{mark-word}). This command and |
25829 | 306 the following one do not move point. |
307 @item C-M-@@ | |
38786 | 308 Set mark after end of following balanced expression (@code{mark-sexp}). |
25829 | 309 @item M-h |
38786 | 310 Put region around current paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}). |
25829 | 311 @item C-M-h |
38786 | 312 Put region around current defun (@code{mark-defun}). |
25829 | 313 @item C-x h |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
314 Put region around the entire buffer (@code{mark-whole-buffer}). |
25829 | 315 @item C-x C-p |
38786 | 316 Put region around current page (@code{mark-page}). |
25829 | 317 @end table |
318 | |
38207
e24d77a5adf1
Say "expression" instead of "sexp". Update xref, Sexps -> Expressions.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
37316
diff
changeset
|
319 @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word}) puts the mark at the end of the next |
e24d77a5adf1
Say "expression" instead of "sexp". Update xref, Sexps -> Expressions.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
37316
diff
changeset
|
320 word, while @kbd{C-M-@@} (@code{mark-sexp}) puts it at the end of the |
e24d77a5adf1
Say "expression" instead of "sexp". Update xref, Sexps -> Expressions.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
37316
diff
changeset
|
321 next balanced expression (@pxref{Expressions}). These commands handle |
43301
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
322 arguments just like @kbd{M-f} and @kbd{C-M-f}. If you repeat these |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
323 commands, the region is extended. For example, you can type either |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
324 @kbd{C-u 2 M-@@} or @kbd{M-@@ M-@@} to mark the next two words. |
58920
83b92481d956
(Marking Objects): Marking commands also extend the
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
56691
diff
changeset
|
325 The region is also extended when the mark is active in Transient Mark |
83b92481d956
(Marking Objects): Marking commands also extend the
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
56691
diff
changeset
|
326 mode, regardless of the last command. |
25829 | 327 |
328 @kindex C-x h | |
329 @findex mark-whole-buffer | |
330 Other commands set both point and mark, to delimit an object in the | |
331 buffer. For example, @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) moves point to | |
41748
0302528bddbc
Fix wording of the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
41743
diff
changeset
|
332 the beginning of the paragraph that surrounds or follows point, and |
0302528bddbc
Fix wording of the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
41743
diff
changeset
|
333 puts the mark at the end of that paragraph (@pxref{Paragraphs}). It |
0302528bddbc
Fix wording of the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
41743
diff
changeset
|
334 prepares the region so you can indent, case-convert, or kill a whole |
0302528bddbc
Fix wording of the last change.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
41743
diff
changeset
|
335 paragraph. With prefix argument, if the argument's value is positive, |
41795
48c74a2caa77
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
41748
diff
changeset
|
336 @kbd{M-h} marks that many paragraphs starting with the one surrounding |
48c74a2caa77
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
41748
diff
changeset
|
337 point. If the prefix argument is @minus{}@var{n}, @kbd{M-h} also |
48c74a2caa77
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
41748
diff
changeset
|
338 marks @var{n} paragraphs, running back form the one surrounding point. |
48c74a2caa77
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
41748
diff
changeset
|
339 In that last case, point moves forward to the end of that paragraph, |
43301
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
340 and the mark goes at the start of the region. The @kbd{M-h} command |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
341 also supports the extension of the region, similar to @kbd{M-@@} and |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
342 @kbd{C-M-@@}. |
25829 | 343 |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
344 @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{mark-defun}) similarly puts point before, and the |
38786 | 345 mark after, the current (or following) major top-level definition, or |
43301
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
346 defun (@pxref{Moving by Defuns}). (Currently it only marks one defun, |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
347 but repeating it marks more defuns, like for @kbd{M-@@}.) @kbd{C-x |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
348 C-p} (@code{mark-page}) puts point before the current page, and mark |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
349 at the end (@pxref{Pages}). The mark goes after the terminating page |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
350 delimiter (to include it in the region), while point goes after the |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
351 preceding page delimiter (to exclude it). A numeric argument |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
352 specifies a later page (if positive) or an earlier page (if negative) |
898b4b31410f
* lisp/simple.el (mark-word): Mark more if repeated.
Kai Großjohann <kgrossjo@eu.uu.net>
parents:
41795
diff
changeset
|
353 instead of the current page. |
25829 | 354 |
355 Finally, @kbd{C-x h} (@code{mark-whole-buffer}) sets up the entire | |
356 buffer as the region, by putting point at the beginning and the mark at | |
357 the end. | |
358 | |
359 In Transient Mark mode, all of these commands activate the mark. | |
360 | |
361 @node Mark Ring | |
362 @section The Mark Ring | |
363 | |
364 @kindex C-u C-SPC | |
365 @cindex mark ring | |
366 @kindex C-u C-@@ | |
367 Aside from delimiting the region, the mark is also useful for | |
368 remembering a spot that you may want to go back to. To make this | |
369 feature more useful, each buffer remembers 16 previous locations of the | |
370 mark, in the @dfn{mark ring}. Commands that set the mark also push the | |
371 old mark onto this ring. To return to a marked location, use @kbd{C-u | |
38490 | 372 C-@key{SPC}} (or @kbd{C-u C-@@}); this is the command |
25829 | 373 @code{set-mark-command} given a numeric argument. It moves point to |
374 where the mark was, and restores the mark from the ring of former | |
46237
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
375 marks. |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
376 |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
377 If you repeat the character @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}, after typing @kbd{C-u |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
378 C-@key{SPC}}, each repetition moves point to a previous mark position |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
379 from the ring. The mark positions you move through in this way are |
46b0c6f318b5
New node Momentary Mark.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
43301
diff
changeset
|
380 not lost; they go to the end of the ring. |
25829 | 381 |
382 Each buffer has its own mark ring. All editing commands use the current | |
383 buffer's mark ring. In particular, @kbd{C-u C-@key{SPC}} always stays in | |
384 the same buffer. | |
385 | |
386 Many commands that can move long distances, such as @kbd{M-<} | |
387 (@code{beginning-of-buffer}), start by setting the mark and saving the | |
388 old mark on the mark ring. This is to make it easier for you to move | |
58974
f23a14da8463
(Transient Mark, Mark Ring): M-< and other
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
58920
diff
changeset
|
389 back later. Searches set the mark if they move point. However, in |
f23a14da8463
(Transient Mark, Mark Ring): M-< and other
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
58920
diff
changeset
|
390 Transient Mark mode, these commands do not set the mark when the mark |
f23a14da8463
(Transient Mark, Mark Ring): M-< and other
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
58920
diff
changeset
|
391 is already active. You can tell when a command sets the mark because |
f23a14da8463
(Transient Mark, Mark Ring): M-< and other
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
58920
diff
changeset
|
392 it displays @samp{Mark set} in the echo area. |
25829 | 393 |
394 If you want to move back to the same place over and over, the mark | |
395 ring may not be convenient enough. If so, you can record the position | |
37316
171ad460e884
Correct case of "Mark set" message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36359
diff
changeset
|
396 in a register for later retrieval (@pxref{RegPos,, Saving Positions in |
171ad460e884
Correct case of "Mark set" message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
36359
diff
changeset
|
397 Registers}). |
25829 | 398 |
399 @vindex mark-ring-max | |
400 The variable @code{mark-ring-max} specifies the maximum number of | |
401 entries to keep in the mark ring. If that many entries exist and | |
38461
23f63206a867
Proofreading fixes from Chris Green <chris_e_green@yahoo.com>.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
38411
diff
changeset
|
402 another one is pushed, the earliest one in the list is discarded. Repeating |
25829 | 403 @kbd{C-u C-@key{SPC}} cycles through the positions currently in the |
404 ring. | |
405 | |
406 @vindex mark-ring | |
407 The variable @code{mark-ring} holds the mark ring itself, as a list of | |
408 marker objects, with the most recent first. This variable is local in | |
409 every buffer. | |
410 | |
411 @node Global Mark Ring | |
412 @section The Global Mark Ring | |
413 @cindex global mark ring | |
414 | |
415 In addition to the ordinary mark ring that belongs to each buffer, | |
416 Emacs has a single @dfn{global mark ring}. It records a sequence of | |
417 buffers in which you have recently set the mark, so you can go back | |
418 to those buffers. | |
419 | |
420 Setting the mark always makes an entry on the current buffer's mark | |
421 ring. If you have switched buffers since the previous mark setting, the | |
422 new mark position makes an entry on the global mark ring also. The | |
423 result is that the global mark ring records a sequence of buffers that | |
424 you have been in, and, for each buffer, a place where you set the mark. | |
425 | |
426 @kindex C-x C-@key{SPC} | |
427 @findex pop-global-mark | |
428 The command @kbd{C-x C-@key{SPC}} (@code{pop-global-mark}) jumps to | |
429 the buffer and position of the latest entry in the global ring. It also | |
430 rotates the ring, so that successive uses of @kbd{C-x C-@key{SPC}} take | |
431 you to earlier and earlier buffers. | |
432 | |
52401 | 433 @ignore |
434 arch-tag: f35e4d82-911b-4cfc-a3d7-3c87b2abba20 | |
435 @end ignore |