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annotate man/rmail.texi @ 60039:d1e57e5b8403
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 14 Feb 2005 10:13:16 +0000 |
parents | cc895ba38d57 |
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rev | line source |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
39287 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
4 @node Rmail, Dired, Sending Mail, Top | |
5 @chapter Reading Mail with Rmail | |
6 @cindex Rmail | |
7 @cindex reading mail | |
8 @findex rmail | |
9 @findex rmail-mode | |
10 @vindex rmail-mode-hook | |
11 | |
12 Rmail is an Emacs subsystem for reading and disposing of mail that you | |
13 receive. Rmail stores mail messages in files called Rmail files. | |
14 Reading the message in an Rmail file is done in a special major mode, | |
15 Rmail mode, which redefines most letters to run commands for managing | |
16 mail. The command @code{rmail-mode} is used to switch into Rmail mode, | |
17 and it runs the hook @code{rmail-mode-hook} as usual, but don't run this | |
18 command by hand; it can't do a reasonable job unless the buffer is | |
19 visiting a proper Rmail file. | |
20 | |
21 @menu | |
22 * Basic: Rmail Basics. Basic concepts of Rmail, and simple use. | |
23 * Scroll: Rmail Scrolling. Scrolling through a message. | |
24 * Motion: Rmail Motion. Moving to another message. | |
25 * Deletion: Rmail Deletion. Deleting and expunging messages. | |
26 * Inbox: Rmail Inbox. How mail gets into the Rmail file. | |
27 * Files: Rmail Files. Using multiple Rmail files. | |
28 * Output: Rmail Output. Copying message out to files. | |
29 * Labels: Rmail Labels. Classifying messages by labeling them. | |
30 * Attrs: Rmail Attributes. Certain standard labels, called attributes. | |
31 * Reply: Rmail Reply. Sending replies to messages you are viewing. | |
32 * Summary: Rmail Summary. Summaries show brief info on many messages. | |
33 * Sort: Rmail Sorting. Sorting messages in Rmail. | |
34 * Display: Rmail Display. How Rmail displays a message; customization. | |
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35 * Coding: Rmail Coding. How Rmail handles decoding character sets. |
25829 | 36 * Editing: Rmail Editing. Editing message text and headers in Rmail. |
37 * Digest: Rmail Digest. Extracting the messages from a digest message. | |
38 * Out of Rmail:: Converting an Rmail file to mailbox format. | |
39 * Rot13: Rmail Rot13. Reading messages encoded in the rot13 code. | |
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40 * Movemail:: More details of fetching new mail. |
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41 * Remote Mailboxes:: Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes. |
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42 * Other Mailbox Formats:: Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in |
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43 Various Formats |
25829 | 44 @end menu |
45 | |
46 @node Rmail Basics | |
47 @section Basic Concepts of Rmail | |
48 | |
49 @cindex primary Rmail file | |
50 @vindex rmail-file-name | |
51 Using Rmail in the simplest fashion, you have one Rmail file | |
52 @file{~/RMAIL} in which all of your mail is saved. It is called your | |
53 @dfn{primary Rmail file}. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} reads your primary | |
54 Rmail file, merges new mail in from your inboxes, displays the first | |
55 message you haven't read yet, and lets you begin reading. The variable | |
56 @code{rmail-file-name} specifies the name of the primary Rmail file. | |
57 | |
58 Rmail uses narrowing to hide all but one message in the Rmail file. | |
59 The message that is shown is called the @dfn{current message}. Rmail | |
60 mode's special commands can do such things as delete the current | |
61 message, copy it into another file, send a reply, or move to another | |
62 message. You can also create multiple Rmail files and use Rmail to move | |
63 messages between them. | |
64 | |
65 @cindex message number | |
66 Within the Rmail file, messages are normally arranged sequentially in | |
67 order of receipt; you can specify other ways to sort them. Messages are | |
68 assigned consecutive integers as their @dfn{message numbers}. The | |
69 number of the current message is displayed in Rmail's mode line, | |
70 followed by the total number of messages in the file. You can move to a | |
71 message by specifying its message number with the @kbd{j} key | |
72 (@pxref{Rmail Motion}). | |
73 | |
74 @kindex s @r{(Rmail)} | |
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75 @findex rmail-expunge-and-save |
25829 | 76 Following the usual conventions of Emacs, changes in an Rmail file |
77 become permanent only when the file is saved. You can save it with | |
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78 @kbd{s} (@code{rmail-expunge-and-save}), which also expunges deleted |
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79 messages from the file first (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). To save the |
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80 file without expunging, use @kbd{C-x C-s}. Rmail also saves the Rmail |
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81 file after merging new mail from an inbox file (@pxref{Rmail Inbox}). |
25829 | 82 |
83 @kindex q @r{(Rmail)} | |
84 @findex rmail-quit | |
85 @kindex b @r{(Rmail)} | |
86 @findex rmail-bury | |
87 You can exit Rmail with @kbd{q} (@code{rmail-quit}); this expunges and | |
88 saves the Rmail file and then switches to another buffer. But there is | |
36185 | 89 no need to ``exit'' formally. If you switch from Rmail to editing in |
25829 | 90 other buffers, and never happen to switch back, you have exited. (The |
91 Rmail command @kbd{b}, @code{rmail-bury}, does this for you.) Just make | |
92 sure to save the Rmail file eventually (like any other file you have | |
93 changed). @kbd{C-x s} is a good enough way to do this | |
94 (@pxref{Saving}). | |
95 | |
96 @node Rmail Scrolling | |
97 @section Scrolling Within a Message | |
98 | |
99 When Rmail displays a message that does not fit on the screen, you | |
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100 must scroll through it to read the rest. You could do this with |
25829 | 101 @kbd{C-v}, @kbd{M-v} and @kbd{M-<}, but in Rmail scrolling is so |
102 frequent that it deserves to be easier to type. | |
103 | |
104 @table @kbd | |
105 @item @key{SPC} | |
106 Scroll forward (@code{scroll-up}). | |
107 @item @key{DEL} | |
108 Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}). | |
109 @item . | |
110 Scroll to start of message (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}). | |
111 @end table | |
112 | |
113 @kindex SPC @r{(Rmail)} | |
114 @kindex DEL @r{(Rmail)} | |
115 Since the most common thing to do while reading a message is to scroll | |
116 through it by screenfuls, Rmail makes @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} synonyms of | |
117 @kbd{C-v} (@code{scroll-up}) and @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) | |
118 | |
119 @kindex . @r{(Rmail)} | |
120 @findex rmail-beginning-of-message | |
121 The command @kbd{.} (@code{rmail-beginning-of-message}) scrolls back to the | |
122 beginning of the selected message. This is not quite the same as @kbd{M-<}: | |
123 for one thing, it does not set the mark; for another, it resets the buffer | |
124 boundaries to the current message if you have changed them. | |
125 | |
126 @node Rmail Motion | |
127 @section Moving Among Messages | |
128 | |
129 The most basic thing to do with a message is to read it. The way to | |
130 do this in Rmail is to make the message current. The usual practice is | |
131 to move sequentially through the file, since this is the order of | |
132 receipt of messages. When you enter Rmail, you are positioned at the | |
133 first message that you have not yet made current (that is, the first one | |
134 that has the @samp{unseen} attribute; @pxref{Rmail Attributes}). Move | |
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135 forward to see the other new messages; move backward to re-examine old |
25829 | 136 messages. |
137 | |
138 @table @kbd | |
139 @item n | |
140 Move to the next nondeleted message, skipping any intervening deleted | |
141 messages (@code{rmail-next-undeleted-message}). | |
142 @item p | |
143 Move to the previous nondeleted message | |
144 (@code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}). | |
145 @item M-n | |
146 Move to the next message, including deleted messages | |
147 (@code{rmail-next-message}). | |
148 @item M-p | |
149 Move to the previous message, including deleted messages | |
150 (@code{rmail-previous-message}). | |
151 @item j | |
152 Move to the first message. With argument @var{n}, move to | |
153 message number @var{n} (@code{rmail-show-message}). | |
154 @item > | |
155 Move to the last message (@code{rmail-last-message}). | |
156 @item < | |
157 Move to the first message (@code{rmail-first-message}). | |
158 | |
159 @item M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
160 Move to the next message containing a match for @var{regexp} | |
161 (@code{rmail-search}). | |
162 | |
163 @item - M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET} | |
164 Move to the previous message containing a match for @var{regexp}. | |
165 @end table | |
166 | |
167 @kindex n @r{(Rmail)} | |
168 @kindex p @r{(Rmail)} | |
169 @kindex M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
170 @kindex M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
171 @findex rmail-next-undeleted-message | |
172 @findex rmail-previous-undeleted-message | |
173 @findex rmail-next-message | |
174 @findex rmail-previous-message | |
175 @kbd{n} and @kbd{p} are the usual way of moving among messages in | |
176 Rmail. They move through the messages sequentially, but skip over | |
177 deleted messages, which is usually what you want to do. Their command | |
178 definitions are named @code{rmail-next-undeleted-message} and | |
179 @code{rmail-previous-undeleted-message}. If you do not want to skip | |
180 deleted messages---for example, if you want to move to a message to | |
181 undelete it---use the variants @kbd{M-n} and @kbd{M-p} | |
182 (@code{rmail-next-message} and @code{rmail-previous-message}). A | |
183 numeric argument to any of these commands serves as a repeat | |
184 count.@refill | |
185 | |
186 In Rmail, you can specify a numeric argument by typing just the | |
187 digits. You don't need to type @kbd{C-u} first. | |
188 | |
189 @kindex M-s @r{(Rmail)} | |
190 @findex rmail-search | |
191 @cindex searching in Rmail | |
192 The @kbd{M-s} (@code{rmail-search}) command is Rmail's version of | |
193 search. The usual incremental search command @kbd{C-s} works in Rmail, | |
194 but it searches only within the current message. The purpose of | |
195 @kbd{M-s} is to search for another message. It reads a regular | |
196 expression (@pxref{Regexps}) nonincrementally, then searches starting at | |
197 the beginning of the following message for a match. It then selects | |
198 that message. If @var{regexp} is empty, @kbd{M-s} reuses the regexp | |
199 used the previous time. | |
200 | |
201 To search backward in the file for another message, give @kbd{M-s} a | |
202 negative argument. In Rmail you can do this with @kbd{- M-s}. | |
203 | |
204 It is also possible to search for a message based on labels. | |
205 @xref{Rmail Labels}. | |
206 | |
207 @kindex j @r{(Rmail)} | |
208 @kindex > @r{(Rmail)} | |
209 @kindex < @r{(Rmail)} | |
210 @findex rmail-show-message | |
211 @findex rmail-last-message | |
212 @findex rmail-first-message | |
213 To move to a message specified by absolute message number, use @kbd{j} | |
214 (@code{rmail-show-message}) with the message number as argument. With | |
215 no argument, @kbd{j} selects the first message. @kbd{<} | |
216 (@code{rmail-first-message}) also selects the first message. @kbd{>} | |
217 (@code{rmail-last-message}) selects the last message. | |
218 | |
219 @node Rmail Deletion | |
220 @section Deleting Messages | |
221 | |
222 @cindex deletion (Rmail) | |
223 When you no longer need to keep a message, you can @dfn{delete} it. This | |
224 flags it as ignorable, and some Rmail commands pretend it is no longer | |
225 present; but it still has its place in the Rmail file, and still has its | |
226 message number. | |
227 | |
228 @cindex expunging (Rmail) | |
229 @dfn{Expunging} the Rmail file actually removes the deleted messages. | |
230 The remaining messages are renumbered consecutively. Expunging is the only | |
231 action that changes the message number of any message, except for | |
232 undigestifying (@pxref{Rmail Digest}). | |
233 | |
234 @table @kbd | |
235 @item d | |
236 Delete the current message, and move to the next nondeleted message | |
237 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}). | |
238 @item C-d | |
239 Delete the current message, and move to the previous nondeleted | |
240 message (@code{rmail-delete-backward}). | |
241 @item u | |
242 Undelete the current message, or move back to a deleted message and | |
243 undelete it (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}). | |
244 @item x | |
245 Expunge the Rmail file (@code{rmail-expunge}). | |
246 @end table | |
247 | |
248 @kindex d @r{(Rmail)} | |
249 @kindex C-d @r{(Rmail)} | |
250 @findex rmail-delete-forward | |
251 @findex rmail-delete-backward | |
252 There are two Rmail commands for deleting messages. Both delete the | |
253 current message and select another message. @kbd{d} | |
254 (@code{rmail-delete-forward}) moves to the following message, skipping | |
255 messages already deleted, while @kbd{C-d} (@code{rmail-delete-backward}) | |
256 moves to the previous nondeleted message. If there is no nondeleted | |
257 message to move to in the specified direction, the message that was just | |
258 deleted remains current. A numeric argument to either command reverses | |
259 the direction of motion after deletion. | |
260 | |
261 @vindex rmail-delete-message-hook | |
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262 Whenever Rmail deletes a message, it runs the hook |
25829 | 263 @code{rmail-delete-message-hook}. When the hook functions are invoked, |
264 the message has been marked deleted, but it is still the current message | |
265 in the Rmail buffer. | |
266 | |
267 @cindex undeletion (Rmail) | |
268 @kindex x @r{(Rmail)} | |
269 @findex rmail-expunge | |
270 @kindex u @r{(Rmail)} | |
271 @findex rmail-undelete-previous-message | |
272 To make all the deleted messages finally vanish from the Rmail file, | |
273 type @kbd{x} (@code{rmail-expunge}). Until you do this, you can still | |
274 @dfn{undelete} the deleted messages. The undeletion command, @kbd{u} | |
275 (@code{rmail-undelete-previous-message}), is designed to cancel the | |
276 effect of a @kbd{d} command in most cases. It undeletes the current | |
277 message if the current message is deleted. Otherwise it moves backward | |
278 to previous messages until a deleted message is found, and undeletes | |
279 that message. | |
280 | |
281 You can usually undo a @kbd{d} with a @kbd{u} because the @kbd{u} | |
282 moves back to and undeletes the message that the @kbd{d} deleted. But | |
283 this does not work when the @kbd{d} skips a few already-deleted messages | |
284 that follow the message being deleted; then the @kbd{u} command | |
285 undeletes the last of the messages that were skipped. There is no clean | |
286 way to avoid this problem. However, by repeating the @kbd{u} command, | |
287 you can eventually get back to the message that you intend to | |
288 undelete. You can also select a particular deleted message with | |
289 the @kbd{M-p} command, then type @kbd{u} to undelete it. | |
290 | |
291 A deleted message has the @samp{deleted} attribute, and as a result | |
292 @samp{deleted} appears in the mode line when the current message is | |
293 deleted. In fact, deleting or undeleting a message is nothing more than | |
294 adding or removing this attribute. @xref{Rmail Attributes}. | |
295 | |
296 @node Rmail Inbox | |
297 @section Rmail Files and Inboxes | |
298 @cindex inbox file | |
299 | |
300 The operating system places incoming mail for you in a file that we | |
301 call your @dfn{inbox}. When you start up Rmail, it runs a C program | |
302 called @code{movemail} to copy the new messages from your inbox into | |
303 your primary Rmail file, which also contains other messages saved from | |
304 previous Rmail sessions. It is in this file that you actually read the | |
305 mail with Rmail. This operation is called @dfn{getting new mail}. You | |
306 can get new mail at any time in Rmail by typing @kbd{g}. | |
307 | |
308 @vindex rmail-primary-inbox-list | |
29107 | 309 @cindex @env{MAIL} environment variable |
25829 | 310 The variable @code{rmail-primary-inbox-list} contains a list of the |
311 files which are inboxes for your primary Rmail file. If you don't set | |
29107 | 312 this variable explicitly, it is initialized from the @env{MAIL} |
25829 | 313 environment variable, or, as a last resort, set to @code{nil}, which |
314 means to use the default inbox. The default inbox is | |
315 @file{/var/mail/@var{username}}, @file{/usr/spool/mail/@var{username}}, | |
316 or @file{/usr/mail/@var{username}}, depending on your operating system. | |
317 | |
318 To see what the default is on your system, use @kbd{C-h v | |
319 rmail-primary-inbox @key{RET}}. You can specify the inbox file(s) for | |
320 any Rmail file with the command @code{set-rmail-inbox-list}; see | |
321 @ref{Rmail Files}. | |
322 | |
323 There are two reasons for having separate Rmail files and inboxes. | |
324 | |
325 @enumerate | |
326 @item | |
327 The inbox file format varies between operating systems and according to | |
328 the other mail software in use. Only one part of Rmail needs to know | |
329 about the alternatives, and it need only understand how to convert all | |
330 of them to Rmail's own format. | |
331 | |
332 @item | |
333 It is very cumbersome to access an inbox file without danger of losing | |
334 mail, because it is necessary to interlock with mail delivery. | |
335 Moreover, different operating systems use different interlocking | |
336 techniques. The strategy of moving mail out of the inbox once and for | |
337 all into a separate Rmail file avoids the need for interlocking in all | |
338 the rest of Rmail, since only Rmail operates on the Rmail file. | |
339 @end enumerate | |
340 | |
341 Rmail was written to use Babyl format as its internal format. Since | |
342 then, we have recognized that the usual inbox format on Unix and GNU | |
343 systems is adequate for the job, and we plan to change Rmail to use that | |
344 as its internal format. However, the Rmail file will still be separate | |
345 from the inbox file, even on systems where their format is the same. | |
346 | |
347 @node Rmail Files | |
348 @section Multiple Rmail Files | |
349 | |
350 Rmail operates by default on your @dfn{primary Rmail file}, which is named | |
351 @file{~/RMAIL} and receives your incoming mail from your system inbox file. | |
352 But you can also have other Rmail files and edit them with Rmail. These | |
353 files can receive mail through their own inboxes, or you can move messages | |
354 into them with explicit Rmail commands (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
355 | |
356 @table @kbd | |
357 @item i @var{file} @key{RET} | |
358 Read @var{file} into Emacs and run Rmail on it (@code{rmail-input}). | |
359 | |
360 @item M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} @key{RET} | |
361 Specify inbox file names for current Rmail file to get mail from. | |
362 | |
363 @item g | |
364 Merge new mail from current Rmail file's inboxes | |
365 (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}). | |
366 | |
367 @item C-u g @var{file} @key{RET} | |
368 Merge new mail from inbox file @var{file}. | |
369 @end table | |
370 | |
371 @kindex i @r{(Rmail)} | |
372 @findex rmail-input | |
373 To run Rmail on a file other than your primary Rmail file, you may use | |
374 the @kbd{i} (@code{rmail-input}) command in Rmail. This visits the file | |
375 in Rmail mode. You can use @kbd{M-x rmail-input} even when not in | |
376 Rmail. | |
377 | |
378 The file you read with @kbd{i} should normally be a valid Rmail file. | |
379 If it is not, Rmail tries to decompose it into a stream of messages in | |
380 various known formats. If it succeeds, it converts the whole file to an | |
381 Rmail file. If you specify a file name that doesn't exist, @kbd{i} | |
382 initializes a new buffer for creating a new Rmail file. | |
383 | |
384 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-directory | |
385 @vindex rmail-secondary-file-regexp | |
386 You can also select an Rmail file from a menu. Choose first the menu | |
387 bar Classify item, then from the Classify menu choose the Input Rmail | |
388 File item; then choose the Rmail file you want. The variables | |
389 @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
390 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the | |
391 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
392 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that match | |
393 the regular expression). These variables also apply to choosing a file | |
394 for output (@pxref{Rmail Output}). | |
395 | |
396 @findex set-rmail-inbox-list | |
397 Each Rmail file can contain a list of inbox file names; you can specify | |
398 this list with @kbd{M-x set-rmail-inbox-list @key{RET} @var{files} | |
399 @key{RET}}. The argument can contain any number of file names, separated | |
400 by commas. It can also be empty, which specifies that this file should | |
401 have no inboxes. Once a list of inboxes is specified, the Rmail file | |
402 remembers it permanently until you specify a different list. | |
403 | |
404 As a special exception, if your primary Rmail file does not specify any | |
405 inbox files, it uses your standard system inbox. | |
406 | |
407 @kindex g @r{(Rmail)} | |
408 @findex rmail-get-new-mail | |
409 The @kbd{g} command (@code{rmail-get-new-mail}) merges mail into the | |
410 current Rmail file from its specified inboxes. If the Rmail file | |
411 has no inboxes, @kbd{g} does nothing. The command @kbd{M-x rmail} | |
412 also merges new mail into your primary Rmail file. | |
413 | |
414 To merge mail from a file that is not the usual inbox, give the | |
415 @kbd{g} key a numeric argument, as in @kbd{C-u g}. Then it reads a file | |
416 name and merges mail from that file. The inbox file is not deleted or | |
417 changed in any way when @kbd{g} with an argument is used. This is, | |
418 therefore, a general way of merging one file of messages into another. | |
419 | |
420 @node Rmail Output | |
421 @section Copying Messages Out to Files | |
422 | |
423 These commands copy messages from an Rmail file into another file. | |
424 | |
425 @table @kbd | |
426 @item o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
427 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using Rmail | |
428 file format by default (@code{rmail-output-to-rmail-file}). | |
429 | |
430 @item C-o @var{file} @key{RET} | |
431 Append a copy of the current message to the file @var{file}, using | |
432 system inbox file format by default (@code{rmail-output}). | |
433 | |
434 @item w @var{file} @key{RET} | |
435 Output just the message body to the file @var{file}, taking the default | |
436 file name from the message @samp{Subject} header. | |
437 @end table | |
438 | |
439 @kindex o @r{(Rmail)} | |
440 @findex rmail-output-to-rmail-file | |
441 @kindex C-o @r{(Rmail)} | |
442 @findex rmail-output | |
443 The commands @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} copy the current message into a | |
444 specified file. This file may be an Rmail file or it may be in system | |
445 inbox format; the output commands ascertain the file's format and write | |
446 the copied message in that format. | |
447 | |
448 The @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands differ in two ways: each has its | |
449 own separate default file name, and each specifies a choice of format to | |
450 use when the file does not already exist. The @kbd{o} command uses | |
451 Rmail format when it creates a new file, while @kbd{C-o} uses system | |
452 inbox format for a new file. The default file name for @kbd{o} is the | |
453 file name used last with @kbd{o}, and the default file name for | |
454 @kbd{C-o} is the file name used last with @kbd{C-o}. | |
455 | |
456 If the output file is an Rmail file currently visited in an Emacs buffer, | |
457 the output commands copy the message into that buffer. It is up to you | |
458 to save the buffer eventually in its file. | |
459 | |
460 @kindex w @r{(Rmail)} | |
461 @findex rmail-output-body-to-file | |
462 Sometimes you may receive a message whose body holds the contents of a | |
463 file. You can save the body to a file (excluding the message header) | |
464 with the @kbd{w} command (@code{rmail-output-body-to-file}). Often | |
465 these messages contain the intended file name in the @samp{Subject} | |
466 field, so the @kbd{w} command uses the @samp{Subject} field as the | |
467 default for the output file name. However, the file name is read using | |
468 the minibuffer, so you can specify a different name if you wish. | |
469 | |
470 You can also output a message to an Rmail file chosen with a menu. | |
471 Choose first the menu bar Classify item, then from the Classify menu | |
472 choose the Output Rmail File menu item; then choose the Rmail file you want. | |
473 This outputs the current message to that file, like the @kbd{o} command. | |
474 The variables @code{rmail-secondary-file-directory} and | |
475 @code{rmail-secondary-file-regexp} specify which files to offer in the | |
476 menu: the first variable says which directory to find them in; the | |
477 second says which files in that directory to offer (all those that match | |
478 the regular expression). | |
479 | |
480 @vindex rmail-delete-after-output | |
481 Copying a message gives the original copy of the message the | |
482 @samp{filed} attribute, so that @samp{filed} appears in the mode line | |
483 when such a message is current. If you like to keep just a single copy | |
484 of every mail message, set the variable @code{rmail-delete-after-output} | |
485 to @code{t}; then the @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} commands delete the original | |
486 message after copying it. (You can undelete the original afterward if | |
487 you wish.) | |
488 | |
489 Copying messages into files in system inbox format uses the header | |
490 fields that are displayed in Rmail at the time. Thus, if you use the | |
491 @kbd{t} command to view the entire header and then copy the message, the | |
492 entire header is copied. @xref{Rmail Display}. | |
493 | |
494 @vindex rmail-output-file-alist | |
495 The variable @code{rmail-output-file-alist} lets you specify | |
496 intelligent defaults for the output file, based on the contents of the | |
497 current message. The value should be a list whose elements have this | |
498 form: | |
499 | |
500 @example | |
501 (@var{regexp} . @var{name-exp}) | |
502 @end example | |
503 | |
504 @noindent | |
505 If there's a match for @var{regexp} in the current message, then the | |
506 default file name for output is @var{name-exp}. If multiple elements | |
507 match the message, the first matching element decides the default file | |
508 name. The subexpression @var{name-exp} may be a string constant giving | |
509 the file name to use, or more generally it may be any Lisp expression | |
510 that returns a file name as a string. @code{rmail-output-file-alist} | |
511 applies to both @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o}. | |
512 | |
513 @node Rmail Labels | |
514 @section Labels | |
515 @cindex label (Rmail) | |
516 @cindex attribute (Rmail) | |
517 | |
518 Each message can have various @dfn{labels} assigned to it as a means | |
519 of classification. Each label has a name; different names are different | |
520 labels. Any given label is either present or absent on a particular | |
521 message. A few label names have standard meanings and are given to | |
522 messages automatically by Rmail when appropriate; these special labels | |
523 are called @dfn{attributes}. | |
524 @ifinfo | |
525 (@xref{Rmail Attributes}.) | |
526 @end ifinfo | |
527 All other labels are assigned only by users. | |
528 | |
529 @table @kbd | |
530 @item a @var{label} @key{RET} | |
531 Assign the label @var{label} to the current message (@code{rmail-add-label}). | |
532 @item k @var{label} @key{RET} | |
533 Remove the label @var{label} from the current message (@code{rmail-kill-label}). | |
534 @item C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
535 Move to the next message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
536 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}). | |
537 @item C-M-p @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
538 Move to the previous message that has one of the labels @var{labels} | |
539 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}). | |
540 @item C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
541 Make a summary of all messages containing any of the labels @var{labels} | |
542 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
543 @end table | |
544 | |
545 @kindex a @r{(Rmail)} | |
546 @kindex k @r{(Rmail)} | |
547 @findex rmail-add-label | |
548 @findex rmail-kill-label | |
549 The @kbd{a} (@code{rmail-add-label}) and @kbd{k} | |
550 (@code{rmail-kill-label}) commands allow you to assign or remove any | |
551 label on the current message. If the @var{label} argument is empty, it | |
552 means to assign or remove the same label most recently assigned or | |
553 removed. | |
554 | |
555 Once you have given messages labels to classify them as you wish, there | |
556 are two ways to use the labels: in moving and in summaries. | |
557 | |
558 @kindex C-M-n @r{(Rmail)} | |
559 @kindex C-M-p @r{(Rmail)} | |
560 @findex rmail-next-labeled-message | |
561 @findex rmail-previous-labeled-message | |
562 The command @kbd{C-M-n @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
563 (@code{rmail-next-labeled-message}) moves to the next message that has | |
564 one of the labels @var{labels}. The argument @var{labels} specifies one | |
565 or more label names, separated by commas. @kbd{C-M-p} | |
566 (@code{rmail-previous-labeled-message}) is similar, but moves backwards | |
567 to previous messages. A numeric argument to either command serves as a | |
568 repeat count. | |
569 | |
570 The command @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} | |
571 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) displays a summary containing only the | |
572 messages that have at least one of a specified set of labels. The | |
573 argument @var{labels} is one or more label names, separated by commas. | |
574 @xref{Rmail Summary}, for information on summaries.@refill | |
575 | |
576 If the @var{labels} argument to @kbd{C-M-n}, @kbd{C-M-p} or | |
577 @kbd{C-M-l} is empty, it means to use the last set of labels specified | |
578 for any of these commands. | |
579 | |
580 @node Rmail Attributes | |
581 @section Rmail Attributes | |
582 | |
583 Some labels such as @samp{deleted} and @samp{filed} have built-in | |
584 meanings and are assigned to or removed from messages automatically at | |
585 appropriate times; these labels are called @dfn{attributes}. Here is a | |
586 list of Rmail attributes: | |
587 | |
588 @table @samp | |
589 @item unseen | |
590 Means the message has never been current. Assigned to messages when | |
591 they come from an inbox file, and removed when a message is made | |
592 current. When you start Rmail, it initially shows the first message | |
593 that has this attribute. | |
594 @item deleted | |
595 Means the message is deleted. Assigned by deletion commands and | |
596 removed by undeletion commands (@pxref{Rmail Deletion}). | |
597 @item filed | |
598 Means the message has been copied to some other file. Assigned by the | |
599 file output commands (@pxref{Rmail Files}). | |
600 @item answered | |
601 Means you have mailed an answer to the message. Assigned by the @kbd{r} | |
602 command (@code{rmail-reply}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
603 @item forwarded | |
604 Means you have forwarded the message. Assigned by the @kbd{f} command | |
605 (@code{rmail-forward}). @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
606 @item edited | |
607 Means you have edited the text of the message within Rmail. | |
608 @xref{Rmail Editing}. | |
609 @item resent | |
610 Means you have resent the message. Assigned by the command @kbd{M-x | |
611 rmail-resend}. @xref{Rmail Reply}. | |
612 @end table | |
613 | |
614 All other labels are assigned or removed only by the user, and have no | |
615 standard meaning. | |
616 | |
617 @node Rmail Reply | |
618 @section Sending Replies | |
619 | |
620 Rmail has several commands that use Mail mode to send outgoing mail. | |
621 @xref{Sending Mail}, for information on using Mail mode, including | |
622 certain features meant to work with Rmail. What this section documents | |
623 are the special commands of Rmail for entering Mail mode. Note that the | |
624 usual keys for sending mail---@kbd{C-x m}, @kbd{C-x 4 m}, and @kbd{C-x 5 | |
625 m}---are available in Rmail mode and work just as they usually do. | |
626 | |
627 @table @kbd | |
628 @item m | |
629 Send a message (@code{rmail-mail}). | |
630 @item c | |
631 Continue editing the already started outgoing message (@code{rmail-continue}). | |
632 @item r | |
633 Send a reply to the current Rmail message (@code{rmail-reply}). | |
634 @item f | |
635 Forward the current message to other users (@code{rmail-forward}). | |
636 @item C-u f | |
637 Resend the current message to other users (@code{rmail-resend}). | |
638 @item M-m | |
639 Try sending a bounced message a second time (@code{rmail-retry-failure}). | |
640 @end table | |
641 | |
642 @kindex r @r{(Rmail)} | |
643 @findex rmail-reply | |
644 @cindex reply to a message | |
645 The most common reason to send a message while in Rmail is to reply to | |
646 the message you are reading. To do this, type @kbd{r} | |
647 (@code{rmail-reply}). This displays the @samp{*mail*} buffer in another | |
648 window, much like @kbd{C-x 4 m}, but preinitializes the @samp{Subject}, | |
649 @samp{To}, @samp{CC} and @samp{In-reply-to} header fields based on the | |
650 message you are replying to. The @samp{To} field starts out as the | |
651 address of the person who sent the message you received, and the | |
652 @samp{CC} field starts out with all the other recipients of that | |
653 message. | |
654 | |
655 @vindex rmail-dont-reply-to-names | |
656 You can exclude certain recipients from being placed automatically in | |
657 the @samp{CC}, using the variable @code{rmail-dont-reply-to-names}. Its | |
658 value should be a regular expression (as a string); any recipient that | |
659 the regular expression matches, is excluded from the @samp{CC} field. | |
660 The default value matches your own name, and any name starting with | |
661 @samp{info-}. (Those names are excluded because there is a convention | |
662 of using them for large mailing lists to broadcast announcements.) | |
663 | |
664 To omit the @samp{CC} field completely for a particular reply, enter | |
665 the reply command with a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u r} or @kbd{1 r}. | |
666 | |
667 Once the @samp{*mail*} buffer has been initialized, editing and | |
668 sending the mail goes as usual (@pxref{Sending Mail}). You can edit the | |
669 presupplied header fields if they are not right for you. You can also | |
670 use the commands of Mail mode (@pxref{Mail Mode}), including @kbd{C-c | |
671 C-y} which yanks in the message that you are replying to. You can | |
672 switch to the Rmail buffer, select a different message there, switch | |
673 back, and yank the new current message. | |
674 | |
675 @kindex M-m @r{(Rmail)} | |
676 @findex rmail-retry-failure | |
677 @cindex retrying a failed message | |
678 @vindex rmail-retry-ignored-headers | |
679 Sometimes a message does not reach its destination. Mailers usually | |
680 send the failed message back to you, enclosed in a @dfn{failure | |
681 message}. The Rmail command @kbd{M-m} (@code{rmail-retry-failure}) | |
682 prepares to send the same message a second time: it sets up a | |
683 @samp{*mail*} buffer with the same text and header fields as before. If | |
684 you type @kbd{C-c C-c} right away, you send the message again exactly | |
685 the same as the first time. Alternatively, you can edit the text or | |
686 headers and then send it. The variable | |
687 @code{rmail-retry-ignored-headers}, in the same format as | |
688 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} (@pxref{Rmail Display}), controls which | |
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689 headers are stripped from the failed message when retrying it. |
25829 | 690 |
691 @kindex f @r{(Rmail)} | |
692 @findex rmail-forward | |
693 @cindex forwarding a message | |
694 Another frequent reason to send mail in Rmail is to @dfn{forward} the | |
695 current message to other users. @kbd{f} (@code{rmail-forward}) makes | |
696 this easy by preinitializing the @samp{*mail*} buffer with the current | |
697 message as the text, and a subject designating a forwarded message. All | |
698 you have to do is fill in the recipients and send. When you forward a | |
699 message, recipients get a message which is ``from'' you, and which has | |
700 the original message in its contents. | |
701 | |
702 @findex unforward-rmail-message | |
703 Forwarding a message encloses it between two delimiter lines. It also | |
704 modifies every line that starts with a dash, by inserting @w{@samp{- }} | |
705 at the start of the line. When you receive a forwarded message, if it | |
706 contains something besides ordinary text---for example, program source | |
707 code---you might find it useful to undo that transformation. You can do | |
708 this by selecting the forwarded message and typing @kbd{M-x | |
709 unforward-rmail-message}. This command extracts the original forwarded | |
710 message, deleting the inserted @w{@samp{- }} strings, and inserts it | |
711 into the Rmail file as a separate message immediately following the | |
712 current one. | |
713 | |
714 @findex rmail-resend | |
715 @dfn{Resending} is an alternative similar to forwarding; the | |
716 difference is that resending sends a message that is ``from'' the | |
717 original sender, just as it reached you---with a few added header fields | |
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718 @samp{Resent-From} and @samp{Resent-To} to indicate that it came via |
25829 | 719 you. To resend a message in Rmail, use @kbd{C-u f}. (@kbd{f} runs |
720 @code{rmail-forward}, which is programmed to invoke @code{rmail-resend} | |
721 if you provide a numeric argument.) | |
722 | |
723 @kindex m @r{(Rmail)} | |
724 @findex rmail-mail | |
725 The @kbd{m} (@code{rmail-mail}) command is used to start editing an | |
726 outgoing message that is not a reply. It leaves the header fields empty. | |
727 Its only difference from @kbd{C-x 4 m} is that it makes the Rmail buffer | |
728 accessible for @kbd{C-c C-y}, just as @kbd{r} does. Thus, @kbd{m} can be | |
729 used to reply to or forward a message; it can do anything @kbd{r} or @kbd{f} | |
730 can do.@refill | |
731 | |
732 @kindex c @r{(Rmail)} | |
733 @findex rmail-continue | |
734 The @kbd{c} (@code{rmail-continue}) command resumes editing the | |
735 @samp{*mail*} buffer, to finish editing an outgoing message you were | |
736 already composing, or to alter a message you have sent.@refill | |
737 | |
738 @vindex rmail-mail-new-frame | |
739 If you set the variable @code{rmail-mail-new-frame} to a | |
740 non-@code{nil} value, then all the Rmail commands to start sending a | |
741 message create a new frame to edit it in. This frame is deleted when | |
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742 you send the message, or when you use the @samp{Cancel} item in the |
25829 | 743 @samp{Mail} menu. |
744 | |
745 All the Rmail commands to send a message use the mail-composition | |
746 method that you have chosen (@pxref{Mail Methods}). | |
747 | |
748 @node Rmail Summary | |
749 @section Summaries | |
750 @cindex summary (Rmail) | |
751 | |
752 A @dfn{summary} is a buffer containing one line per message to give | |
753 you an overview of the mail in an Rmail file. Each line shows the | |
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754 message number and date, the sender, the line count, the labels, and |
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755 the subject. Moving point in the summary buffer selects messages as |
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756 you move to their summary lines. Almost all Rmail commands are valid |
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757 in the summary buffer also; when used there, they apply to the message |
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758 described by the current line of the summary. |
25829 | 759 |
760 A summary buffer applies to a single Rmail file only; if you are | |
761 editing multiple Rmail files, each one can have its own summary buffer. | |
762 The summary buffer name is made by appending @samp{-summary} to the | |
763 Rmail buffer's name. Normally only one summary buffer is displayed at a | |
764 time. | |
765 | |
766 @menu | |
767 * Rmail Make Summary:: Making various sorts of summaries. | |
768 * Rmail Summary Edit:: Manipulating messages from the summary. | |
769 @end menu | |
770 | |
771 @node Rmail Make Summary | |
772 @subsection Making Summaries | |
773 | |
774 Here are the commands to create a summary for the current Rmail file. | |
775 Once the Rmail file has a summary buffer, changes in the Rmail file | |
776 (such as deleting or expunging messages, and getting new mail) | |
777 automatically update the summary. | |
778 | |
779 @table @kbd | |
780 @item h | |
781 @itemx C-M-h | |
782 Summarize all messages (@code{rmail-summary}). | |
783 @item l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
784 @itemx C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
785 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified labels | |
786 (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}). | |
787 @item C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET} | |
788 Summarize messages that have one or more of the specified recipients | |
789 (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}). | |
790 @item C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET} | |
791 Summarize messages that have a match for the specified regexp | |
792 @var{topic} in their subjects (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}). | |
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793 @item C-M-s @var{regexp} |
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794 Summarize messages whose headers and the subject line match the |
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795 specified regular expression @var{regexp} |
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796 (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}). |
25829 | 797 @end table |
798 | |
799 @kindex h @r{(Rmail)} | |
800 @findex rmail-summary | |
801 The @kbd{h} or @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{rmail-summary}) command fills the summary buffer | |
802 for the current Rmail file with a summary of all the messages in the file. | |
803 It then displays and selects the summary buffer in another window. | |
804 | |
805 @kindex l @r{(Rmail)} | |
806 @kindex C-M-l @r{(Rmail)} | |
807 @findex rmail-summary-by-labels | |
808 @kbd{C-M-l @var{labels} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-labels}) makes | |
809 a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more of the | |
810 labels @var{labels}. @var{labels} should contain label names separated by | |
811 commas.@refill | |
812 | |
813 @kindex C-M-r @r{(Rmail)} | |
814 @findex rmail-summary-by-recipients | |
815 @kbd{C-M-r @var{rcpts} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-recipients}) | |
816 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages that have one or more | |
817 of the recipients @var{rcpts}. @var{rcpts} should contain mailing | |
818 addresses separated by commas.@refill | |
819 | |
820 @kindex C-M-t @r{(Rmail)} | |
821 @findex rmail-summary-by-topic | |
822 @kbd{C-M-t @var{topic} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-topic}) | |
823 makes a partial summary mentioning only the messages whose subjects have | |
824 a match for the regular expression @var{topic}. | |
825 | |
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826 @kindex C-M-s @r{(Rmail)} |
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827 @findex rmail-summary-by-regexp |
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828 @kbd{C-M-s @var{regexp} @key{RET}} (@code{rmail-summary-by-regexp}) |
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829 makes a partial summary which mentions only the messages whose headers |
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830 (including the date and the subject lines) match the regular |
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831 expression @var{regexp}. |
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832 |
25829 | 833 Note that there is only one summary buffer for any Rmail file; making one |
834 kind of summary discards any previously made summary. | |
835 | |
836 @vindex rmail-summary-window-size | |
837 @vindex rmail-summary-line-count-flag | |
838 The variable @code{rmail-summary-window-size} says how many lines to | |
839 use for the summary window. The variable | |
840 @code{rmail-summary-line-count-flag} controls whether the summary line | |
841 for a message should include the line count of the message. | |
842 | |
843 @node Rmail Summary Edit | |
844 @subsection Editing in Summaries | |
845 | |
846 You can use the Rmail summary buffer to do almost anything you can do | |
847 in the Rmail buffer itself. In fact, once you have a summary buffer, | |
848 there's no need to switch back to the Rmail buffer. | |
849 | |
850 You can select and display various messages in the Rmail buffer, from | |
851 the summary buffer, just by moving point in the summary buffer to | |
852 different lines. It doesn't matter what Emacs command you use to move | |
853 point; whichever line point is on at the end of the command, that | |
854 message is selected in the Rmail buffer. | |
855 | |
856 Almost all Rmail commands work in the summary buffer as well as in the | |
857 Rmail buffer. Thus, @kbd{d} in the summary buffer deletes the current | |
858 message, @kbd{u} undeletes, and @kbd{x} expunges. @kbd{o} and @kbd{C-o} | |
859 output the current message to a file; @kbd{r} starts a reply to it. You | |
860 can scroll the current message while remaining in the summary buffer | |
861 using @key{SPC} and @key{DEL}. | |
862 | |
863 The Rmail commands to move between messages also work in the summary | |
864 buffer, but with a twist: they move through the set of messages included | |
865 in the summary. They also ensure the Rmail buffer appears on the screen | |
866 (unlike cursor motion commands, which update the contents of the Rmail | |
867 buffer but don't display it in a window unless it already appears). | |
868 Here is a list of these commands: | |
869 | |
870 @table @kbd | |
871 @item n | |
872 Move to next line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select its | |
873 message. | |
874 @item p | |
875 Move to previous line, skipping lines saying `deleted', and select | |
876 its message. | |
877 @item M-n | |
878 Move to next line and select its message. | |
879 @item M-p | |
880 Move to previous line and select its message. | |
881 @item > | |
882 Move to the last line, and select its message. | |
883 @item < | |
884 Move to the first line, and select its message. | |
885 @item M-s @var{pattern} @key{RET} | |
886 Search through messages for @var{pattern} starting with the current | |
887 message; select the message found, and move point in the summary buffer | |
888 to that message's line. | |
889 @end table | |
890 | |
891 @vindex rmail-redisplay-summary | |
892 Deletion, undeletion, and getting new mail, and even selection of a | |
893 different message all update the summary buffer when you do them in the | |
894 Rmail buffer. If the variable @code{rmail-redisplay-summary} is | |
895 non-@code{nil}, these actions also bring the summary buffer back onto | |
896 the screen. | |
897 | |
898 @kindex Q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
899 @findex rmail-summary-wipe | |
900 @kindex q @r{(Rmail summary)} | |
901 @findex rmail-summary-quit | |
902 When you are finished using the summary, type @kbd{Q} | |
903 (@code{rmail-summary-wipe}) to delete the summary buffer's window. You | |
904 can also exit Rmail while in the summary: @kbd{q} | |
905 (@code{rmail-summary-quit}) deletes the summary window, then exits from | |
906 Rmail by saving the Rmail file and switching to another buffer. | |
907 | |
908 @node Rmail Sorting | |
909 @section Sorting the Rmail File | |
910 | |
911 @table @kbd | |
912 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-date | |
913 Sort messages of current Rmail file by date. | |
914 | |
915 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-subject | |
916 Sort messages of current Rmail file by subject. | |
917 | |
918 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-author | |
919 Sort messages of current Rmail file by author's name. | |
920 | |
921 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-recipient | |
922 Sort messages of current Rmail file by recipient's names. | |
923 | |
924 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-correspondent | |
925 Sort messages of current Rmail file by the name of the other | |
926 correspondent. | |
927 | |
928 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-lines | |
929 Sort messages of current Rmail file by size (number of lines). | |
930 | |
931 @item M-x rmail-sort-by-keywords @key{RET} @var{labels} @key{RET} | |
932 Sort messages of current Rmail file by labels. The argument | |
933 @var{labels} should be a comma-separated list of labels. The order of | |
934 these labels specifies the order of messages; messages with the first | |
935 label come first, messages with the second label come second, and so on. | |
936 Messages which have none of these labels come last. | |
937 @end table | |
938 | |
939 The Rmail sort commands perform a @emph{stable sort}: if there is no | |
940 reason to prefer either one of two messages, their order remains | |
941 unchanged. You can use this to sort by more than one criterion. For | |
942 example, if you use @code{rmail-sort-by-date} and then | |
943 @code{rmail-sort-by-author}, messages from the same author appear in | |
944 order by date. | |
945 | |
946 With a numeric argument, all these commands reverse the order of | |
947 comparison. This means they sort messages from newest to oldest, from | |
948 biggest to smallest, or in reverse alphabetical order. | |
949 | |
950 @node Rmail Display | |
951 @section Display of Messages | |
952 | |
953 Rmail reformats the header of each message before displaying it for | |
954 the first time. Reformatting hides uninteresting header fields to | |
955 reduce clutter. You can use the @kbd{t} command to show the entire | |
956 header or to repeat the header reformatting operation. | |
957 | |
958 @table @kbd | |
959 @item t | |
960 Toggle display of complete header (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). | |
961 @end table | |
962 | |
963 @vindex rmail-ignored-headers | |
964 Reformatting the header involves deleting most header fields, on the | |
965 grounds that they are not interesting. The variable | |
966 @code{rmail-ignored-headers} holds a regular expression that specifies | |
967 which header fields to hide in this way---if it matches the beginning of | |
968 a header field, that whole field is hidden. | |
969 | |
970 @kindex t @r{(Rmail)} | |
971 @findex rmail-toggle-header | |
972 Rmail saves the complete original header before reformatting; to see | |
973 it, use the @kbd{t} command (@code{rmail-toggle-header}). This | |
974 discards the reformatted headers of the current message and displays it | |
975 with the original header. Repeating @kbd{t} reformats the message | |
976 again. Selecting the message again also reformats. | |
977 | |
978 One consequence of this is that if you edit the reformatted header | |
979 (using @kbd{e}; @pxref{Rmail Editing}), subsequent use of @kbd{t} will | |
980 discard your edits. On the other hand, if you use @kbd{e} after | |
981 @kbd{t}, to edit the original (unreformatted) header, those changes are | |
982 permanent. | |
983 | |
984 When the @kbd{t} command has a prefix argument, a positive argument | |
985 means to show the reformatted header, and a zero or negative argument | |
986 means to show the full header. | |
987 | |
988 @vindex rmail-highlighted-headers | |
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989 When the terminal supports multiple fonts or colors, Rmail |
25829 | 990 highlights certain header fields that are especially interesting---by |
991 default, the @samp{From} and @samp{Subject} fields. The variable | |
992 @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} holds a regular expression that | |
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993 specifies the header fields to highlight; if it matches the beginning |
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994 of a header field, that whole field is highlighted. |
25829 | 995 |
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996 If you specify unusual colors for your text foreground and |
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997 background, the colors used for highlighting may not go well with |
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998 them. If so, specify different colors for the face |
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999 @code{rmail-highlight-face}. @xref{Faces}, for how to do this. To |
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1000 turn off highlighting entirely in Rmail, set |
25829 | 1001 @code{rmail-highlighted-headers} to @code{nil}. |
1002 | |
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1003 You can highlight and activate URLs in incoming messages by adding |
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1004 the function @code{goto-address} to the hook |
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1005 @code{rmail-show-message-hook}. Then you can browse these URLs by |
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1006 clicking on them with @kbd{Mouse-2} or by moving to one and typing |
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1007 @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}. @xref{Goto-address, Activating URLs, Activating URLs}. |
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1008 |
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1009 @node Rmail Coding |
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1010 @section Rmail and Coding Systems |
28339 | 1011 |
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1012 @cindex decoding mail messages (Rmail) |
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1013 Rmail automatically decodes messages which contain non-@acronym{ASCII} |
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1014 characters, just as Emacs does with files you visit and with subprocess |
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1015 output. Rmail uses the standard @samp{charset=@var{charset}} header in |
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1016 the message, if any, to determine how the message was encoded by the |
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1017 sender. It maps @var{charset} into the corresponding Emacs coding |
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1018 system (@pxref{Coding Systems}), and uses that coding system to decode |
38868 | 1019 message text. If the message header doesn't have the @samp{charset} |
1020 specification, or if @var{charset} is not recognized, | |
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1021 Rmail chooses the coding system with the usual Emacs heuristics and |
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1022 defaults (@pxref{Recognize Coding}). |
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1023 |
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1024 @cindex fixing incorrectly decoded mail messages |
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1025 Occasionally, a message is decoded incorrectly, either because Emacs |
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1026 guessed the wrong coding system in the absence of the @samp{charset} |
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1027 specification, or because the specification was inaccurate. For |
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1028 example, a misconfigured mailer could send a message with a |
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1029 @samp{charset=iso-8859-1} header when the message is actually encoded |
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1030 in @code{koi8-r}. When you see the message text garbled, or some of |
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1031 its characters displayed as empty boxes, this may have happened. |
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1032 |
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1033 @findex rmail-redecode-body |
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1034 You can correct the problem by decoding the message again using the |
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1035 right coding system, if you can figure out or guess which one is |
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1036 right. To do this, invoke the @kbd{M-x rmail-redecode-body} command. |
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1037 It reads the name of a coding system, encodes the message body using |
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1038 whichever coding system was used to decode it before, then redecodes |
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1039 it using the coding system you specified. If you specified the right |
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1040 coding system, the result should be readable. |
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1041 |
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1042 Decoding and encoding using the wrong coding system is lossless for |
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1043 most encodings, in particular with 8-bit encodings such as iso-8859 or |
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1044 koi8. So, if the initial attempt to redecode the message didn't |
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1045 result in a legible text, you can try other coding systems until you |
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1046 succeed. |
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1047 |
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1048 With some coding systems, notably those from the iso-2022 family, |
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1049 information can be lost in decoding, so that encoding the message |
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1050 again won't bring back the original incoming text. In such a case, |
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1051 @code{rmail-redecode-body} cannot work. However, the problems that |
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1052 call for use of @code{rmail-redecode-body} rarely occur with those |
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1053 coding systems. So in practice the command works when you need it. |
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1054 |
25829 | 1055 @node Rmail Editing |
1056 @section Editing Within a Message | |
1057 | |
1058 Most of the usual Emacs commands are available in Rmail mode, though a | |
1059 few, such as @kbd{C-M-n} and @kbd{C-M-h}, are redefined by Rmail for | |
1060 other purposes. However, the Rmail buffer is normally read only, and | |
1061 most of the letters are redefined as Rmail commands. If you want to | |
1062 edit the text of a message, you must use the Rmail command @kbd{e}. | |
1063 | |
1064 @table @kbd | |
1065 @item e | |
1066 Edit the current message as ordinary text. | |
1067 @end table | |
1068 | |
1069 @kindex e @r{(Rmail)} | |
1070 @findex rmail-edit-current-message | |
1071 The @kbd{e} command (@code{rmail-edit-current-message}) switches from | |
1072 Rmail mode into Rmail Edit mode, another major mode which is nearly the | |
1073 same as Text mode. The mode line indicates this change. | |
1074 | |
1075 In Rmail Edit mode, letters insert themselves as usual and the Rmail | |
1076 commands are not available. When you are finished editing the message and | |
1077 are ready to go back to Rmail, type @kbd{C-c C-c}, which switches back to | |
1078 Rmail mode. Alternatively, you can return to Rmail mode but cancel all the | |
1079 editing that you have done, by typing @kbd{C-c C-]}. | |
1080 | |
1081 @vindex rmail-edit-mode-hook | |
1082 Entering Rmail Edit mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}; then it | |
1083 runs the hook @code{rmail-edit-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). It adds the | |
1084 attribute @samp{edited} to the message. It also displays the full | |
1085 headers of the message, so that you can edit the headers as well as the | |
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1086 body of the message, and your changes in the headers will be |
25829 | 1087 permanent. |
1088 | |
1089 @node Rmail Digest | |
1090 @section Digest Messages | |
1091 @cindex digest message | |
1092 @cindex undigestify | |
1093 | |
1094 A @dfn{digest message} is a message which exists to contain and carry | |
1095 several other messages. Digests are used on some moderated mailing | |
1096 lists; all the messages that arrive for the list during a period of time | |
1097 such as one day are put inside a single digest which is then sent to the | |
1098 subscribers. Transmitting the single digest uses much less computer | |
1099 time than transmitting the individual messages even though the total | |
1100 size is the same, because the per-message overhead in network mail | |
1101 transmission is considerable. | |
1102 | |
1103 @findex undigestify-rmail-message | |
1104 When you receive a digest message, the most convenient way to read it is | |
1105 to @dfn{undigestify} it: to turn it back into many individual messages. | |
1106 Then you can read and delete the individual messages as it suits you. | |
44326 | 1107 To do this, select the digest message and type the command @kbd{M-x |
25829 | 1108 undigestify-rmail-message}. This extracts the submessages as separate |
1109 Rmail messages, and inserts them following the digest. The digest | |
1110 message itself is flagged as deleted. | |
1111 | |
1112 @node Out of Rmail | |
1113 @section Converting an Rmail File to Inbox Format | |
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1114 @cindex Babyl format to Inbox format |
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1115 @cindex converting Rmail file to mailbox format |
25829 | 1116 |
1117 @findex unrmail | |
1118 The command @kbd{M-x unrmail} converts a file in Rmail format to inbox | |
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1119 format (also known as the system mailbox, or mbox, format), so that |
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1120 you can use it with other mail-editing tools. You must specify two |
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1121 arguments, the name of the Rmail file and the name to use for the |
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1122 converted file. @kbd{M-x unrmail} does not alter the Rmail file itself. |
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1123 |
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1124 @pindex b2m |
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1125 @kbd{M-x unrmail} is useful if you can run Emacs on the machine |
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1126 where the Rmail file resides, or can access the Rmail file remotely |
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1127 (@pxref{Remote Files}) from a machine where Emacs is installed. If |
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1128 accessing Rmail files from Emacs is impossible, you can use the |
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1129 @command{b2m} program instead. @command{b2m} is part of the Emacs |
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1130 distribution, it is installed into the same directory where all the |
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1131 other auxiliary programs (@command{etags} etc.) are installed, and its |
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1132 source is available in the Emacs source distribution, so that you |
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1133 could copy the source to the target machine and compile it there. |
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1134 |
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1135 To convert a file @file{@var{babyl-file}} into @file{@var{mbox-file}}, |
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1136 invoke @command{b2m} like this: |
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1137 |
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1138 @example |
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1139 b2m < @var{babyl-file} > @var{mbox-file} |
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1140 @end example |
25829 | 1141 |
1142 @node Rmail Rot13 | |
1143 @section Reading Rot13 Messages | |
1144 @cindex rot13 code | |
1145 | |
1146 Mailing list messages that might offend some readers are sometimes | |
1147 encoded in a simple code called @dfn{rot13}---so named because it | |
1148 rotates the alphabet by 13 letters. This code is not for secrecy, as it | |
1149 provides none; rather, it enables those who might be offended to avoid | |
1150 ever seeing the real text of the message. | |
1151 | |
1152 @findex rot13-other-window | |
1153 To view a buffer using the rot13 code, use the command @kbd{M-x | |
1154 rot13-other-window}. This displays the current buffer in another window | |
1155 which applies the code when displaying the text. | |
1156 | |
1157 @node Movemail | |
59562
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1158 @section @code{movemail} program |
25829 | 1159 @cindex @code{movemail} program |
1160 | |
59562
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1161 When invoked for the first time, Rmail attempts to locate |
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1162 @code{movemail} program and determine its version. There are |
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1163 two versions of @code{movemail} program: the native one, shipped with |
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1164 GNU Emacs (we will refer to it as @samp{emacs version}) and the one |
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1165 coming from GNU mailutils (@xref{movemail,,,mailutils,GNU mailutils}, |
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1166 we will refer to it as @samp{mailutils version}). Both versions are |
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1167 compatible with each other in the sense that they support the same |
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1168 command line syntax and the same basic subset of options. However, |
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1169 the @samp{mailutils} version offers a much richer set of |
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1170 features. |
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1171 |
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1172 The @samp{Emacs version} of @code{movemail} is able to retrieve mail from usual |
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1173 UNIX mailbox formats and from remote mailboxes using the POP3 protocol. |
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1174 |
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1175 The @samp{Mailutils version} is able to handle a wide set of mailbox |
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1176 formats, such as plain UNIX mailboxes, @code{maildir} and @code{MH} |
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1177 mailboxes, etc. It is able to retrieve remote mail using POP3 or IMAP4 |
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1178 protocol. In the latter case, @code{mailutils movemail} can be |
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1179 instructed to retrieve mail using a TLS encrypted channel. |
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1180 |
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1181 The @samp{Mailutils movemail} accepts mailbox argument in the @acronym{URL} |
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1182 form. The detailed description of mailbox @acronym{URL}s can be found |
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1183 in @ref{URL,,,mailutils,Mailbox URL Formats}. In short, a |
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1184 @acronym{URL} is: |
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1185 |
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1186 @smallexample |
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1187 @var{proto}://[@var{user}[:@var{password}]@@]@var{host-or-file-name} |
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1188 @end smallexample |
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1189 |
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1190 @noindent |
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1191 where square brackets denote optional elements. |
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1192 |
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1193 @table @var |
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1194 @item proto |
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1195 Specifies the @dfn{mailbox protocol}, or @dfn{format} to |
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1196 use. The exact semantics of the rest of @acronym{URL} elements depends |
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1197 on the actual value of @var{proto}. |
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1198 |
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1199 @item user |
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1200 User name to access the remote mailbox. |
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1201 |
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1202 @item password |
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1203 User password to access the remote mailbox. |
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1204 |
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1205 @item host-or-file-name |
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1206 Hostname of the remote server for remote mailboxes or file name of a |
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1207 local mailbox. |
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1208 @end table |
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1209 |
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1210 @var{Proto} can be one of: |
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1211 |
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1212 @table @asis |
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1213 @item mbox |
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1214 Usual UNIX mailbox format. In this case, neither @var{user} nor |
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1215 @var{pass} are used, and @var{host-or-file-name} denotes the file name of |
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1216 the mailbox file, e.g., @code{mbox://var/spool/mail/smith}. |
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1217 |
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1218 @item mh |
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1219 A local mailbox in the @acronym{MH} format. @var{User} and |
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1220 @var{pass} are not used. @var{Host-or-file-name} denotes the name of |
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1221 @acronym{MH} folder, e.g., @code{mh://Mail/inbox}. |
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1222 |
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1223 @item maildir |
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1224 A local mailbox in the @acronym{maildir} format. @var{User} and |
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1225 @var{pass} are not used, and @var{host-or-file-name} denotes the name of |
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1226 @code{maildir} mailbox, e.g., @code{maildir://mail/inbox}. |
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1227 |
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1228 @item file |
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1229 Any local mailbox format. Its actual format is detected automatically |
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1230 by @code{movemail}. |
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1231 |
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1232 @item pop |
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1233 A remote mailbox to be accessed via POP3 protocol. @var{User} |
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1234 specifies the remote user name to use, @var{pass} may be used to |
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1235 specify the user password, @var{host-or-file-name} is the name or IP |
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1236 address of the remote mail server to connect to; e.g., |
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1237 @code{pop://smith:guessme@@remote.server.net}. |
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1238 |
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1239 @item imap |
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1240 A remote mailbox to be accessed via IMAP4 protocol. @var{User} |
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1241 specifies the remote user name to use, @var{pass} may be used to |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1242 specify the user password, @var{host-or-file-name} is the name or IP |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1243 address of the remote mail server to connect to; |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1244 e.g., @code{imap://smith:guessme@@remote.server.net}. |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1245 @end table |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1246 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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diff
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|
1247 Alternatively, the mailbox may be specified as a file name of the |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1248 mailbox to use. This is equivalent to specifying the @samp{file} protocol: |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1249 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1250 @smallexample |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1251 /var/spool/mail/user @equiv{} file://var/spool/mail/user |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1252 @end smallexample |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1253 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1254 @vindex rmail-movemail-program |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1255 @vindex rmail-movemail-search-path |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1256 To determine which version of @code{movemail} is being used, Rmail |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1257 examines the value of @code{rmail-movemail-program} variable. If it |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1258 is set, its value is used as a full path to the @code{movemail} binary. |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1259 Otherwise, Rmail searches for @code{movemail} in the list of directories |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
1260 constructed by appending the values of @code{rmail-movemail-search-path} and |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1261 @code{exec-path} to @code{exec-directory}. |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1262 |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1263 @node Remote Mailboxes |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
1264 @section Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1265 @pindex movemail |
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diff
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|
1266 |
25829 | 1267 @vindex rmail-preserve-inbox |
1268 When getting new mail, Rmail first copies the new mail from the inbox | |
1269 file to the Rmail file; then it saves the Rmail file; then it truncates | |
1270 the inbox file. This way, a system crash may cause duplication of mail | |
1271 between the inbox and the Rmail file, but cannot lose mail. If | |
1272 @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} is non-@code{nil}, then Rmail will copy new | |
1273 mail from the inbox file to the Rmail file without truncating the inbox | |
1274 file. You may wish to set this, for example, on a portable computer you | |
1275 use to check your mail via POP while traveling, so that your mail will | |
1276 remain on the server and you can save it later on your workstation. | |
1277 | |
1278 In some cases, Rmail copies the new mail from the inbox file | |
1279 indirectly. First it runs the @code{movemail} program to move the mail | |
1280 from the inbox to an intermediate file called | |
1281 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}}. Then Rmail merges the new mail from | |
1282 that file, saves the Rmail file, and only then deletes the intermediate | |
1283 file. If there is a crash at the wrong time, this file continues to | |
1284 exist, and Rmail will use it again the next time it gets new mail from | |
1285 that inbox. | |
1286 | |
1287 If Rmail is unable to convert the data in | |
1288 @file{~/.newmail-@var{inboxname}} into Babyl format, it renames the file | |
1289 to @file{~/RMAILOSE.@var{n}} (@var{n} is an integer chosen to make the | |
1290 name unique) so that Rmail will not have trouble with the data again. | |
1291 You should look at the file, find whatever message confuses Rmail | |
1292 (probably one that includes the control-underscore character, octal code | |
1293 037), and delete it. Then you can use @kbd{1 g} to get new mail from | |
1294 the corrected file. | |
1295 | |
1296 Some sites use a method called POP for accessing users' inbox data | |
59562
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|
1297 instead of storing the data in inbox files. The @code{Emacs |
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parents:
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1298 movemail} can work with POP if you compile it with the macro |
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parents:
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|
1299 @code{MAIL_USE_POP} defined. (You can achieve that by specifying |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1300 @samp{--with-pop} when you run @code{configure} during the |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1301 installation of Emacs.) |
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parents:
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|
1302 |
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|
1303 The @code{Mailutils movemail} by default supports POP, unless configured |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1304 with @samp{--disable-pop} option. |
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1305 |
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|
1306 Both versions of @code{movemail} only work with POP3, not with older |
25829 | 1307 versions of POP. |
1308 | |
29107 | 1309 @cindex @env{MAILHOST} environment variable |
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1310 @cindex POP mailboxes |
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1311 No matter which flavor of @code{movemail} you use, you can specify |
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|
1312 POP inbox by using POP @dfn{URL} (@pxref{Movemail}). A POP |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1313 @acronym{URL} is a ``file name'' of the form |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1314 @samp{pop://@var{username}@@@var{hostname}}, where |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1315 @var{hostname} is the host name or IP address of the remote mail |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1316 server and @var{username} is the user name on that server. |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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parents:
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|
1317 Additionally, you may specify the password in the mailbox @acronym{URL}: |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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|
1318 @samp{pop://@var{username}:@var{password}@@@var{hostname}}. In this |
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parents:
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|
1319 case, @var{password} takes preference over the one set by |
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1320 @code{rmail-remote-password}. This is especially useful if you have |
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|
1321 several remote mailboxes with different passwords. |
25829 | 1322 |
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1323 For backward compatibility Rmail also supports two alternative ways |
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1324 of specifying remote POP mailboxes. Specifying inbox name in the form |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1325 @samp{po:@var{username}:@var{hostname}} is equivalent to |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1326 @samp{pop://@var{username}@@@var{hostname}}. Alternatively, you may set |
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1327 a ``file name'' of @samp{po:@var{username}} in the inbox list of an |
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|
1328 Rmail file. @code{Movemail} will handle such a name by opening a |
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|
1329 connection to the POP server. The @env{MAILHOST} environment variable |
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1330 will in this case specify the machine to look for the server on. |
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1331 |
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1332 @cindex IMAP mailboxes |
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1333 Another method for accessing remote mailboxes is IMAP. This method is |
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|
1334 supported only by the @code{mailutils movemail}. To specify an IMAP |
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1335 mailbox in the inbox list, use the following mailbox @acronym{URL}: |
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1336 @samp{imap://@var{username}[:@var{password}]@@@var{hostname}}. The |
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|
1337 @var{password} part is optional, as descrbed above. |
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1338 |
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1339 @vindex rmail-remote-password |
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1340 @vindex rmail-remote-password-required |
25829 | 1341 @vindex rmail-pop-password |
1342 @vindex rmail-pop-password-required | |
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1343 Accessing a remote mailbox may require a password. Rmail uses the |
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Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
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1344 following algorithm to retrieve it: |
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1345 |
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|
1346 @enumerate |
59564 | 1347 @item |
1348 If the @var{password} is present in mailbox URL (see above), it is | |
1349 used. | |
1350 @item | |
1351 If the variable @code{rmail-remote-password} is non-@code{nil}, its | |
1352 value is used. | |
1353 @item | |
1354 Otherwise, if @code{rmail-remote-password-required} is non-@code{nil}, | |
1355 then Rmail will ask you for the password to use. | |
1356 @item | |
1357 Otherwise, Rmail assumes no password is required. | |
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1358 @end enumerate |
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1359 |
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1360 For compatibility with previous versions, @code{rmail-pop-password} |
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1361 and @code{rmail-pop-password-required} may be used instead of |
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1362 @code{rmail-remote-password} and @code{rmail-remote-password-required}. |
25829 | 1363 |
1364 @vindex rmail-movemail-flags | |
1365 If you need to pass additional command-line flags to @code{movemail}, | |
1366 set the variable @code{rmail-movemail-flags} a list of the flags you | |
1367 wish to use. Do not use this variable to pass the @samp{-p} flag to | |
1368 preserve your inbox contents; use @code{rmail-preserve-inbox} instead. | |
1369 | |
1370 @cindex Kerberos POP authentication | |
1371 The @code{movemail} program installed at your site may support | |
1372 Kerberos authentication. If it is | |
1373 supported, it is used by default whenever you attempt to retrieve | |
1374 POP mail when @code{rmail-pop-password} and | |
1375 @code{rmail-pop-password-required} are unset. | |
1376 | |
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1377 @cindex reverse order in POP inboxes |
25829 | 1378 Some POP servers store messages in reverse order. If your server does |
1379 this, and you would rather read your mail in the order in which it was | |
1380 received, you can tell @code{movemail} to reverse the order of | |
1381 downloaded messages by adding the @samp{-r} flag to | |
1382 @code{rmail-movemail-flags}. | |
52401 | 1383 |
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1384 @cindex TLS encryption (Rmail) |
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1385 @code{Mailutils movemail} supports TLS encryption. If you wish to |
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1386 use it, add the @samp{--tls} flag to @code{rmail-movemail-flags}. |
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1387 |
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|
1388 @node Other Mailbox Formats |
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1389 @section Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in Various Formats |
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1390 |
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1391 If your incoming mail is stored on a local machine in a format other |
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1392 than UNIX mailbox, you will need the @code{mailutils movemail} to retrieve |
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1393 it. @xref{Movemail}, for the detailed description of @code{movemail} |
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1394 versions. |
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1395 |
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1396 For example, to retrieve mail from a @code{maildir} inbox located in |
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1397 @file{/var/spool/mail/in}, you would set the following in Rmail inbox list: |
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1398 |
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1399 @smallexample |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1400 maildir://var/spool/mail/in |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1401 @end smallexample |
17c9e16e0207
Document support for GNU mailutils in rmail.el.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
52979
diff
changeset
|
1402 |
52401 | 1403 @ignore |
1404 arch-tag: 034965f6-38df-47a2-a9f1-b8bc8ab37e23 | |
1405 @end ignore |