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annotate man/text.texi @ 59643:d30fc301d0d8
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author | Steven Tamm <steventamm@mac.com> |
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date | Wed, 19 Jan 2005 19:09:04 +0000 |
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25829 | 1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
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2 @c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001, 2002, 2004 |
28328 | 3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
25829 | 4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top | |
6 @chapter Commands for Human Languages | |
7 @cindex text | |
8 @cindex manipulating text | |
9 | |
10 The term @dfn{text} has two widespread meanings in our area of the | |
11 computer field. One is data that is a sequence of characters. Any file | |
12 that you edit with Emacs is text, in this sense of the word. The other | |
13 meaning is more restrictive: a sequence of characters in a human language | |
14 for humans to read (possibly after processing by a text formatter), as | |
15 opposed to a program or commands for a program. | |
16 | |
17 Human languages have syntactic/stylistic conventions that can be | |
18 supported or used to advantage by editor commands: conventions involving | |
19 words, sentences, paragraphs, and capital letters. This chapter | |
20 describes Emacs commands for all of these things. There are also | |
21 commands for @dfn{filling}, which means rearranging the lines of a | |
22 paragraph to be approximately equal in length. The commands for moving | |
23 over and killing words, sentences and paragraphs, while intended | |
24 primarily for editing text, are also often useful for editing programs. | |
25 | |
26 Emacs has several major modes for editing human-language text. If the | |
27 file contains text pure and simple, use Text mode, which customizes | |
28 Emacs in small ways for the syntactic conventions of text. Outline mode | |
29 provides special commands for operating on text with an outline | |
30 structure. | |
31 @iftex | |
32 @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
33 @end iftex | |
34 | |
35 For text which contains embedded commands for text formatters, Emacs | |
36 has other major modes, each for a particular text formatter. Thus, for | |
37 input to @TeX{}, you would use @TeX{} | |
38 @iftex | |
39 mode (@pxref{TeX Mode}). | |
40 @end iftex | |
41 @ifinfo | |
42 mode. | |
43 @end ifinfo | |
44 For input to nroff, use Nroff mode. | |
45 | |
46 Instead of using a text formatter, you can edit formatted text in | |
47 WYSIWYG style (``what you see is what you get''), with Enriched mode. | |
48 Then the formatting appears on the screen in Emacs while you edit. | |
49 @iftex | |
50 @xref{Formatted Text}. | |
51 @end iftex | |
52 | |
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53 @cindex skeletons |
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54 @cindex templates |
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55 @cindex autotyping |
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56 @cindex automatic typing |
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57 The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text. |
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58 @inforef{Top,, autotype}. |
27207 | 59 |
25829 | 60 @menu |
61 * Words:: Moving over and killing words. | |
62 * Sentences:: Moving over and killing sentences. | |
63 * Paragraphs:: Moving over paragraphs. | |
64 * Pages:: Moving over pages. | |
65 * Filling:: Filling or justifying text. | |
66 * Case:: Changing the case of text. | |
67 * Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files. | |
68 * Outline Mode:: Editing outlines. | |
69 * TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
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70 * HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files. |
25829 | 71 * Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff. |
72 * Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion. | |
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73 * Text Based Tables:: Editing text-based tables in WYSIWYG fashion. |
25829 | 74 @end menu |
75 | |
76 @node Words | |
77 @section Words | |
78 @cindex words | |
79 @cindex Meta commands and words | |
80 | |
81 Emacs has commands for moving over or operating on words. By convention, | |
82 the keys for them are all Meta characters. | |
83 | |
84 @table @kbd | |
85 @item M-f | |
86 Move forward over a word (@code{forward-word}). | |
87 @item M-b | |
88 Move backward over a word (@code{backward-word}). | |
89 @item M-d | |
90 Kill up to the end of a word (@code{kill-word}). | |
91 @item M-@key{DEL} | |
92 Kill back to the beginning of a word (@code{backward-kill-word}). | |
93 @item M-@@ | |
94 Mark the end of the next word (@code{mark-word}). | |
95 @item M-t | |
96 Transpose two words or drag a word across other words | |
97 (@code{transpose-words}). | |
98 @end table | |
99 | |
100 Notice how these keys form a series that parallels the character-based | |
101 @kbd{C-f}, @kbd{C-b}, @kbd{C-d}, @key{DEL} and @kbd{C-t}. @kbd{M-@@} is | |
102 cognate to @kbd{C-@@}, which is an alias for @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. | |
103 | |
104 @kindex M-f | |
105 @kindex M-b | |
106 @findex forward-word | |
107 @findex backward-word | |
108 The commands @kbd{M-f} (@code{forward-word}) and @kbd{M-b} | |
109 (@code{backward-word}) move forward and backward over words. These | |
110 Meta characters are thus analogous to the corresponding control | |
111 characters, @kbd{C-f} and @kbd{C-b}, which move over single characters | |
112 in the text. The analogy extends to numeric arguments, which serve as | |
113 repeat counts. @kbd{M-f} with a negative argument moves backward, and | |
114 @kbd{M-b} with a negative argument moves forward. Forward motion | |
115 stops right after the last letter of the word, while backward motion | |
116 stops right before the first letter.@refill | |
117 | |
118 @kindex M-d | |
119 @findex kill-word | |
120 @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) kills the word after point. To be | |
121 precise, it kills everything from point to the place @kbd{M-f} would | |
122 move to. Thus, if point is in the middle of a word, @kbd{M-d} kills | |
123 just the part after point. If some punctuation comes between point and the | |
124 next word, it is killed along with the word. (If you wish to kill only the | |
125 next word but not the punctuation before it, simply do @kbd{M-f} to get | |
126 the end, and kill the word backwards with @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.) | |
127 @kbd{M-d} takes arguments just like @kbd{M-f}. | |
128 | |
129 @findex backward-kill-word | |
130 @kindex M-DEL | |
131 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}} (@code{backward-kill-word}) kills the word before | |
132 point. It kills everything from point back to where @kbd{M-b} would | |
133 move to. If point is after the space in @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}}, then | |
134 @w{@samp{FOO, }} is killed. (If you wish to kill just @samp{FOO}, and | |
135 not the comma and the space, use @kbd{M-b M-d} instead of | |
136 @kbd{M-@key{DEL}}.) | |
137 | |
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138 @c Don't index M-t and transpose-words here, they are indexed in |
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139 @c fixit.texi, in the node "Transpose". |
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140 @c @kindex M-t |
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141 @c @findex transpose-words |
25829 | 142 @kbd{M-t} (@code{transpose-words}) exchanges the word before or |
143 containing point with the following word. The delimiter characters between | |
144 the words do not move. For example, @w{@samp{FOO, BAR}} transposes into | |
145 @w{@samp{BAR, FOO}} rather than @samp{@w{BAR FOO,}}. @xref{Transpose}, for | |
146 more on transposition and on arguments to transposition commands. | |
147 | |
148 @kindex M-@@ | |
149 @findex mark-word | |
150 To operate on the next @var{n} words with an operation which applies | |
151 between point and mark, you can either set the mark at point and then move | |
152 over the words, or you can use the command @kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word}) | |
153 which does not move point, but sets the mark where @kbd{M-f} would move | |
154 to. @kbd{M-@@} accepts a numeric argument that says how many words to | |
155 scan for the place to put the mark. In Transient Mark mode, this command | |
156 activates the mark. | |
157 | |
158 The word commands' understanding of syntax is completely controlled by | |
159 the syntax table. Any character can, for example, be declared to be a word | |
160 delimiter. @xref{Syntax}. | |
161 | |
162 @node Sentences | |
163 @section Sentences | |
164 @cindex sentences | |
165 @cindex manipulating sentences | |
166 | |
167 The Emacs commands for manipulating sentences and paragraphs are mostly | |
168 on Meta keys, so as to be like the word-handling commands. | |
169 | |
170 @table @kbd | |
171 @item M-a | |
172 Move back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-sentence}). | |
173 @item M-e | |
174 Move forward to the end of the sentence (@code{forward-sentence}). | |
175 @item M-k | |
176 Kill forward to the end of the sentence (@code{kill-sentence}). | |
177 @item C-x @key{DEL} | |
178 Kill back to the beginning of the sentence (@code{backward-kill-sentence}). | |
179 @end table | |
180 | |
181 @kindex M-a | |
182 @kindex M-e | |
183 @findex backward-sentence | |
184 @findex forward-sentence | |
185 The commands @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} (@code{backward-sentence} and | |
186 @code{forward-sentence}) move to the beginning and end of the current | |
187 sentence, respectively. They were chosen to resemble @kbd{C-a} and | |
188 @kbd{C-e}, which move to the beginning and end of a line. Unlike them, | |
189 @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} if repeated or given numeric arguments move over | |
190 successive sentences. | |
191 | |
192 Moving backward over a sentence places point just before the first | |
193 character of the sentence; moving forward places point right after the | |
194 punctuation that ends the sentence. Neither one moves over the | |
195 whitespace at the sentence boundary. | |
196 | |
197 @kindex M-k | |
198 @kindex C-x DEL | |
199 @findex kill-sentence | |
200 @findex backward-kill-sentence | |
201 Just as @kbd{C-a} and @kbd{C-e} have a kill command, @kbd{C-k}, to go | |
202 with them, so @kbd{M-a} and @kbd{M-e} have a corresponding kill command | |
203 @kbd{M-k} (@code{kill-sentence}) which kills from point to the end of | |
204 the sentence. With minus one as an argument it kills back to the | |
205 beginning of the sentence. Larger arguments serve as a repeat count. | |
206 There is also a command, @kbd{C-x @key{DEL}} | |
207 (@code{backward-kill-sentence}), for killing back to the beginning of a | |
208 sentence. This command is useful when you change your mind in the | |
209 middle of composing text.@refill | |
210 | |
211 The sentence commands assume that you follow the American typist's | |
212 convention of putting two spaces at the end of a sentence; they consider | |
213 a sentence to end wherever there is a @samp{.}, @samp{?} or @samp{!} | |
214 followed by the end of a line or two spaces, with any number of | |
215 @samp{)}, @samp{]}, @samp{'}, or @samp{"} characters allowed in between. | |
216 A sentence also begins or ends wherever a paragraph begins or ends. | |
217 | |
218 @vindex sentence-end | |
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219 The variable @code{sentence-end} controls recognition of the end of |
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220 a sentence. If non-@code{nil}, it is a regexp that matches the last |
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221 few characters of a sentence, together with the whitespace following |
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222 the sentence. If the value is @code{nil}, the default, then Emacs |
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223 computes the regexp according to various criteria. The result is |
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224 normally similar to the following regexp: |
25829 | 225 |
226 @example | |
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227 "[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\| $\\|\t\\| \\)[ \t\n]*" |
25829 | 228 @end example |
229 | |
230 @noindent | |
231 This example is explained in the section on regexps. @xref{Regexps}. | |
232 | |
233 If you want to use just one space between sentences, you should | |
234 set @code{sentence-end} to this value: | |
235 | |
236 @example | |
237 "[.?!][]\"')]*\\($\\|\t\\| \\)[ \t\n]*" | |
238 @end example | |
239 | |
240 @noindent | |
241 You should also set the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} to | |
242 @code{nil} so that the fill commands expect and leave just one space at | |
243 the end of a sentence. Note that this makes it impossible to | |
244 distinguish between periods that end sentences and those that indicate | |
245 abbreviations. | |
246 | |
247 @node Paragraphs | |
248 @section Paragraphs | |
249 @cindex paragraphs | |
250 @cindex manipulating paragraphs | |
251 @kindex M-@{ | |
252 @kindex M-@} | |
253 @findex backward-paragraph | |
254 @findex forward-paragraph | |
255 | |
256 The Emacs commands for manipulating paragraphs are also Meta keys. | |
257 | |
258 @table @kbd | |
259 @item M-@{ | |
260 Move back to previous paragraph beginning (@code{backward-paragraph}). | |
261 @item M-@} | |
262 Move forward to next paragraph end (@code{forward-paragraph}). | |
263 @item M-h | |
264 Put point and mark around this or next paragraph (@code{mark-paragraph}). | |
265 @end table | |
266 | |
267 @kbd{M-@{} moves to the beginning of the current or previous | |
268 paragraph, while @kbd{M-@}} moves to the end of the current or next | |
269 paragraph. Blank lines and text-formatter command lines separate | |
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270 paragraphs and are not considered part of any paragraph. In Indented |
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271 Text mode, but not in Text mode, an indented line also starts a new |
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272 paragraph. (If a paragraph is preceded by a blank line, these |
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273 commands treat that blank line as the beginning of the paragraph.) |
25829 | 274 |
275 In major modes for programs, paragraphs begin and end only at blank | |
276 lines. This makes the paragraph commands continue to be useful even | |
277 though there are no paragraphs per se. | |
278 | |
279 When there is a fill prefix, then paragraphs are delimited by all lines | |
280 which don't start with the fill prefix. @xref{Filling}. | |
281 | |
282 @kindex M-h | |
283 @findex mark-paragraph | |
284 When you wish to operate on a paragraph, you can use the command | |
285 @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) to set the region around it. Thus, | |
286 for example, @kbd{M-h C-w} kills the paragraph around or after point. | |
287 The @kbd{M-h} command puts point at the beginning and mark at the end of | |
288 the paragraph point was in. In Transient Mark mode, it activates the | |
289 mark. If point is between paragraphs (in a run of blank lines, or at a | |
290 boundary), the paragraph following point is surrounded by point and | |
291 mark. If there are blank lines preceding the first line of the | |
292 paragraph, one of these blank lines is included in the region. | |
293 | |
294 @vindex paragraph-start | |
295 @vindex paragraph-separate | |
296 The precise definition of a paragraph boundary is controlled by the | |
297 variables @code{paragraph-separate} and @code{paragraph-start}. The | |
298 value of @code{paragraph-start} is a regexp that should match any line | |
299 that either starts or separates paragraphs. The value of | |
300 @code{paragraph-separate} is another regexp that should match only lines | |
301 that separate paragraphs without being part of any paragraph (for | |
302 example, blank lines). Lines that start a new paragraph and are | |
303 contained in it must match only @code{paragraph-start}, not | |
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304 @code{paragraph-separate}. Each regular expression must match at the |
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305 left margin. For example, in Fundamental mode, @code{paragraph-start} |
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306 is @w{@code{"\f\\|[ \t]*$"}}, and @code{paragraph-separate} is |
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307 @w{@code{"[ \t\f]*$"}}. |
25829 | 308 |
309 Normally it is desirable for page boundaries to separate paragraphs. | |
310 The default values of these variables recognize the usual separator for | |
311 pages. | |
312 | |
313 @node Pages | |
314 @section Pages | |
315 | |
316 @cindex pages | |
317 @cindex formfeed | |
318 Files are often thought of as divided into @dfn{pages} by the | |
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319 @dfn{formfeed} character (@acronym{ASCII} control-L, octal code 014). |
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320 When you print hardcopy for a file, this character forces a page break; |
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321 thus, each page of the file goes on a separate page on paper. Most Emacs |
25829 | 322 commands treat the page-separator character just like any other |
323 character: you can insert it with @kbd{C-q C-l}, and delete it with | |
324 @key{DEL}. Thus, you are free to paginate your file or not. However, | |
325 since pages are often meaningful divisions of the file, Emacs provides | |
326 commands to move over them and operate on them. | |
327 | |
328 @table @kbd | |
329 @item C-x [ | |
330 Move point to previous page boundary (@code{backward-page}). | |
331 @item C-x ] | |
332 Move point to next page boundary (@code{forward-page}). | |
333 @item C-x C-p | |
334 Put point and mark around this page (or another page) (@code{mark-page}). | |
335 @item C-x l | |
336 Count the lines in this page (@code{count-lines-page}). | |
337 @end table | |
338 | |
339 @kindex C-x [ | |
340 @kindex C-x ] | |
341 @findex forward-page | |
342 @findex backward-page | |
343 The @kbd{C-x [} (@code{backward-page}) command moves point to immediately | |
344 after the previous page delimiter. If point is already right after a page | |
345 delimiter, it skips that one and stops at the previous one. A numeric | |
346 argument serves as a repeat count. The @kbd{C-x ]} (@code{forward-page}) | |
347 command moves forward past the next page delimiter. | |
348 | |
349 @kindex C-x C-p | |
350 @findex mark-page | |
351 The @kbd{C-x C-p} command (@code{mark-page}) puts point at the | |
352 beginning of the current page and the mark at the end. The page | |
353 delimiter at the end is included (the mark follows it). The page | |
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354 delimiter at the front is excluded (point follows it). In Transient |
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355 Mark mode, this command activates the mark. |
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356 |
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357 @kbd{C-x C-p C-w} is a handy way to kill a page to move it |
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358 elsewhere. If you move to another page delimiter with @kbd{C-x [} and |
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359 @kbd{C-x ]}, then yank the killed page, all the pages will be properly |
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360 delimited once again. The reason @kbd{C-x C-p} includes only the |
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361 following page delimiter in the region is to ensure that. |
25829 | 362 |
363 A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x C-p} is used to specify which page to go | |
364 to, relative to the current one. Zero means the current page. One means | |
365 the next page, and @minus{}1 means the previous one. | |
366 | |
367 @kindex C-x l | |
368 @findex count-lines-page | |
369 The @kbd{C-x l} command (@code{count-lines-page}) is good for deciding | |
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370 where to break a page in two. It displays in the echo area the total number |
25829 | 371 of lines in the current page, and then divides it up into those preceding |
372 the current line and those following, as in | |
373 | |
374 @example | |
375 Page has 96 (72+25) lines | |
376 @end example | |
377 | |
378 @noindent | |
379 Notice that the sum is off by one; this is correct if point is not at the | |
380 beginning of a line. | |
381 | |
382 @vindex page-delimiter | |
383 The variable @code{page-delimiter} controls where pages begin. Its | |
384 value is a regexp that matches the beginning of a line that separates | |
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385 pages. The normal value of this variable is @code{"^\f"}, which |
25829 | 386 matches a formfeed character at the beginning of a line. |
387 | |
388 @node Filling | |
389 @section Filling Text | |
390 @cindex filling text | |
391 | |
392 @dfn{Filling} text means breaking it up into lines that fit a | |
393 specified width. Emacs does filling in two ways. In Auto Fill mode, | |
394 inserting text with self-inserting characters also automatically fills | |
395 it. There are also explicit fill commands that you can use when editing | |
396 text leaves it unfilled. When you edit formatted text, you can specify | |
397 a style of filling for each portion of the text (@pxref{Formatted | |
398 Text}). | |
399 | |
400 @menu | |
401 * Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. | |
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402 * Refill:: Keeping paragraphs filled. |
25829 | 403 * Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. |
404 * Fill Prefix:: Filling paragraphs that are indented | |
405 or in a comment, etc. | |
406 * Adaptive Fill:: How Emacs can determine the fill prefix automatically. | |
407 @end menu | |
408 | |
409 @node Auto Fill | |
410 @subsection Auto Fill Mode | |
411 @cindex Auto Fill mode | |
412 @cindex mode, Auto Fill | |
413 @cindex word wrap | |
414 | |
415 @dfn{Auto Fill} mode is a minor mode in which lines are broken | |
416 automatically when they become too wide. Breaking happens only when | |
417 you type a @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. | |
418 | |
419 @table @kbd | |
420 @item M-x auto-fill-mode | |
421 Enable or disable Auto Fill mode. | |
422 @item @key{SPC} | |
423 @itemx @key{RET} | |
424 In Auto Fill mode, break lines when appropriate. | |
425 @end table | |
426 | |
427 @findex auto-fill-mode | |
428 @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} turns Auto Fill mode on if it was off, or off | |
429 if it was on. With a positive numeric argument it always turns Auto | |
430 Fill mode on, and with a negative argument always turns it off. You can | |
431 see when Auto Fill mode is in effect by the presence of the word | |
432 @samp{Fill} in the mode line, inside the parentheses. Auto Fill mode is | |
433 a minor mode which is enabled or disabled for each buffer individually. | |
434 @xref{Minor Modes}. | |
435 | |
436 In Auto Fill mode, lines are broken automatically at spaces when they | |
437 get longer than the desired width. Line breaking and rearrangement | |
438 takes place only when you type @key{SPC} or @key{RET}. If you wish to | |
439 insert a space or newline without permitting line-breaking, type | |
440 @kbd{C-q @key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-q C-j} (recall that a newline is really a | |
441 control-J). Also, @kbd{C-o} inserts a newline without line breaking. | |
442 | |
443 Auto Fill mode works well with programming-language modes, because it | |
444 indents new lines with @key{TAB}. If a line ending in a comment gets | |
445 too long, the text of the comment is split into two comment lines. | |
446 Optionally, new comment delimiters are inserted at the end of the first | |
447 line and the beginning of the second so that each line is a separate | |
448 comment; the variable @code{comment-multi-line} controls the choice | |
449 (@pxref{Comments}). | |
450 | |
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451 Adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}) works for Auto Filling as |
25829 | 452 well as for explicit fill commands. It takes a fill prefix |
453 automatically from the second or first line of a paragraph. | |
454 | |
455 Auto Fill mode does not refill entire paragraphs; it can break lines but | |
456 cannot merge lines. So editing in the middle of a paragraph can result in | |
457 a paragraph that is not correctly filled. The easiest way to make the | |
458 paragraph properly filled again is usually with the explicit fill commands. | |
459 @ifinfo | |
460 @xref{Fill Commands}. | |
461 @end ifinfo | |
462 | |
463 Many users like Auto Fill mode and want to use it in all text files. | |
464 The section on init files says how to arrange this permanently for yourself. | |
465 @xref{Init File}. | |
466 | |
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467 @node Refill |
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468 @subsection Refill Mode |
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469 @cindex refilling text, word processor style |
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470 @cindex modes, Refill |
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471 @cindex Refill minor mode |
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472 |
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473 Refill minor mode provides support for keeping paragraphs filled as |
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474 you type or modify them in other ways. It provides an effect similar |
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475 to typical word processor behavior. This works by running a |
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476 paragraph-filling command at suitable times. |
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477 |
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478 When you are typing text, only characters which normally trigger |
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479 auto filling, like the space character, will trigger refilling. This |
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480 is to avoid making it too slow. Apart from self-inserting characters, |
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481 other commands which modify the text cause refilling. |
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482 |
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483 The current implementation is preliminary and probably not robust. |
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484 We expect to improve on it. |
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485 |
36299 | 486 To toggle the use of Refill mode in the current buffer, type |
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487 @kbd{M-x refill-mode}. |
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488 |
25829 | 489 @node Fill Commands |
490 @subsection Explicit Fill Commands | |
491 | |
492 @table @kbd | |
493 @item M-q | |
494 Fill current paragraph (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
495 @item C-x f | |
496 Set the fill column (@code{set-fill-column}). | |
497 @item M-x fill-region | |
498 Fill each paragraph in the region (@code{fill-region}). | |
499 @item M-x fill-region-as-paragraph | |
500 Fill the region, considering it as one paragraph. | |
501 @item M-s | |
502 Center a line. | |
503 @end table | |
504 | |
505 @kindex M-q | |
506 @findex fill-paragraph | |
507 To refill a paragraph, use the command @kbd{M-q} | |
508 (@code{fill-paragraph}). This operates on the paragraph that point is | |
509 inside, or the one after point if point is between paragraphs. | |
510 Refilling works by removing all the line-breaks, then inserting new ones | |
511 where necessary. | |
512 | |
513 @findex fill-region | |
514 To refill many paragraphs, use @kbd{M-x fill-region}, which | |
515 divides the region into paragraphs and fills each of them. | |
516 | |
517 @findex fill-region-as-paragraph | |
518 @kbd{M-q} and @code{fill-region} use the same criteria as @kbd{M-h} | |
519 for finding paragraph boundaries (@pxref{Paragraphs}). For more | |
520 control, you can use @kbd{M-x fill-region-as-paragraph}, which refills | |
521 everything between point and mark. This command deletes any blank lines | |
522 within the region, so separate blocks of text end up combined into one | |
523 block.@refill | |
524 | |
525 @cindex justification | |
526 A numeric argument to @kbd{M-q} causes it to @dfn{justify} the text as | |
527 well as filling it. This means that extra spaces are inserted to make | |
528 the right margin line up exactly at the fill column. To remove the | |
529 extra spaces, use @kbd{M-q} with no argument. (Likewise for | |
530 @code{fill-region}.) Another way to control justification, and choose | |
531 other styles of filling, is with the @code{justification} text property; | |
532 see @ref{Format Justification}. | |
533 | |
534 @kindex M-s @r{(Text mode)} | |
535 @cindex centering | |
536 @findex center-line | |
537 The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line | |
538 within the current fill column. With an argument @var{n}, it centers | |
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539 @var{n} lines individually and moves past them. This binding is |
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540 made by Text mode and is available only in that and related modes |
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541 (@pxref{Text Mode}). |
25829 | 542 |
543 @vindex fill-column | |
544 @kindex C-x f | |
545 @findex set-fill-column | |
546 The maximum line width for filling is in the variable | |
547 @code{fill-column}. Altering the value of @code{fill-column} makes it | |
548 local to the current buffer; until that time, the default value is in | |
549 effect. The default is initially 70. @xref{Locals}. The easiest way | |
550 to set @code{fill-column} is to use the command @kbd{C-x f} | |
551 (@code{set-fill-column}). With a numeric argument, it uses that as the | |
552 new fill column. With just @kbd{C-u} as argument, it sets | |
553 @code{fill-column} to the current horizontal position of point. | |
554 | |
555 Emacs commands normally consider a period followed by two spaces or by | |
556 a newline as the end of a sentence; a period followed by just one space | |
557 indicates an abbreviation and not the end of a sentence. To preserve | |
558 the distinction between these two ways of using a period, the fill | |
559 commands do not break a line after a period followed by just one space. | |
560 | |
561 @vindex sentence-end-double-space | |
562 If the variable @code{sentence-end-double-space} is @code{nil}, the | |
563 fill commands expect and leave just one space at the end of a sentence. | |
564 Ordinarily this variable is @code{t}, so the fill commands insist on | |
565 two spaces for the end of a sentence, as explained above. @xref{Sentences}. | |
566 | |
567 @vindex colon-double-space | |
568 If the variable @code{colon-double-space} is non-@code{nil}, the | |
569 fill commands put two spaces after a colon. | |
570 | |
31950 | 571 @vindex sentence-end-without-period |
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572 Some languages do not use period to indicate end of sentence. For |
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573 example, a sentence in Thai text ends with double space but without a |
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574 period. Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to |
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575 @code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary. |
31950 | 576 |
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577 @vindex fill-nobreak-predicate |
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578 The variable @code{fill-nobreak-predicate} specifies additional |
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579 conditions for where line-breaking is allowed. Its value is either |
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580 @code{nil} or a Lisp function; the function is called with no |
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581 arguments, and if it returns a non-@code{nil} value, then point is not |
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582 a good place to break the line. Two standard functions you can use are |
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583 @code{fill-single-word-nobreak-p} (don't break after the first word of |
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584 a sentence or before the last) and @code{fill-french-nobreak-p} (don't |
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585 break after @samp{(} or before @samp{)}, @samp{:} or @samp{?}). |
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586 |
25829 | 587 @node Fill Prefix |
588 @subsection The Fill Prefix | |
589 | |
590 @cindex fill prefix | |
591 To fill a paragraph in which each line starts with a special marker | |
592 (which might be a few spaces, giving an indented paragraph), you can use | |
593 the @dfn{fill prefix} feature. The fill prefix is a string that Emacs | |
594 expects every line to start with, and which is not included in filling. | |
595 You can specify a fill prefix explicitly; Emacs can also deduce the | |
596 fill prefix automatically (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}). | |
597 | |
598 @table @kbd | |
599 @item C-x . | |
600 Set the fill prefix (@code{set-fill-prefix}). | |
601 @item M-q | |
602 Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix (@code{fill-paragraph}). | |
603 @item M-x fill-individual-paragraphs | |
604 Fill the region, considering each change of indentation as starting a | |
605 new paragraph. | |
606 @item M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
607 Fill the region, considering only paragraph-separator lines as starting | |
608 a new paragraph. | |
609 @end table | |
610 | |
611 @kindex C-x . | |
612 @findex set-fill-prefix | |
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613 To specify a fill prefix for the current buffer, move to a line that |
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614 starts with the desired prefix, put point at the end of the prefix, |
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615 and give the command @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: (@code{set-fill-prefix}). |
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616 That's a period after the @kbd{C-x}. To turn off the fill prefix, |
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617 specify an empty prefix: type @w{@kbd{C-x .}}@: with point at the |
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618 beginning of a line.@refill |
25829 | 619 |
620 When a fill prefix is in effect, the fill commands remove the fill | |
621 prefix from each line before filling and insert it on each line after | |
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622 filling. (The beginning of the first line is left unchanged, since |
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623 often that is intentionally different.) Auto Fill mode also inserts |
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624 the fill prefix automatically when it makes a new line. The @kbd{C-o} |
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625 command inserts the fill prefix on new lines it creates, when you use |
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626 it at the beginning of a line (@pxref{Blank Lines}). Conversely, the |
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627 command @kbd{M-^} deletes the prefix (if it occurs) after the newline |
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628 that it deletes (@pxref{Indentation}). |
25829 | 629 |
630 For example, if @code{fill-column} is 40 and you set the fill prefix | |
631 to @samp{;; }, then @kbd{M-q} in the following text | |
632 | |
633 @example | |
634 ;; This is an | |
635 ;; example of a paragraph | |
636 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
637 @end example | |
638 | |
639 @noindent | |
640 produces this: | |
641 | |
642 @example | |
643 ;; This is an example of a paragraph | |
644 ;; inside a Lisp-style comment. | |
645 @end example | |
646 | |
647 Lines that do not start with the fill prefix are considered to start | |
648 paragraphs, both in @kbd{M-q} and the paragraph commands; this gives | |
649 good results for paragraphs with hanging indentation (every line | |
650 indented except the first one). Lines which are blank or indented once | |
651 the prefix is removed also separate or start paragraphs; this is what | |
652 you want if you are writing multi-paragraph comments with a comment | |
653 delimiter on each line. | |
654 | |
655 @findex fill-individual-paragraphs | |
656 You can use @kbd{M-x fill-individual-paragraphs} to set the fill | |
657 prefix for each paragraph automatically. This command divides the | |
658 region into paragraphs, treating every change in the amount of | |
659 indentation as the start of a new paragraph, and fills each of these | |
660 paragraphs. Thus, all the lines in one ``paragraph'' have the same | |
661 amount of indentation. That indentation serves as the fill prefix for | |
662 that paragraph. | |
663 | |
664 @findex fill-nonuniform-paragraphs | |
665 @kbd{M-x fill-nonuniform-paragraphs} is a similar command that divides | |
666 the region into paragraphs in a different way. It considers only | |
667 paragraph-separating lines (as defined by @code{paragraph-separate}) as | |
668 starting a new paragraph. Since this means that the lines of one | |
669 paragraph may have different amounts of indentation, the fill prefix | |
670 used is the smallest amount of indentation of any of the lines of the | |
671 paragraph. This gives good results with styles that indent a paragraph's | |
672 first line more or less that the rest of the paragraph. | |
673 | |
674 @vindex fill-prefix | |
675 The fill prefix is stored in the variable @code{fill-prefix}. Its value | |
676 is a string, or @code{nil} when there is no fill prefix. This is a | |
677 per-buffer variable; altering the variable affects only the current buffer, | |
678 but there is a default value which you can change as well. @xref{Locals}. | |
679 | |
680 The @code{indentation} text property provides another way to control | |
681 the amount of indentation paragraphs receive. @xref{Format Indentation}. | |
682 | |
683 @node Adaptive Fill | |
684 @subsection Adaptive Filling | |
685 | |
686 @cindex adaptive filling | |
687 The fill commands can deduce the proper fill prefix for a paragraph | |
688 automatically in certain cases: either whitespace or certain punctuation | |
689 characters at the beginning of a line are propagated to all lines of the | |
690 paragraph. | |
691 | |
692 If the paragraph has two or more lines, the fill prefix is taken from | |
693 the paragraph's second line, but only if it appears on the first line as | |
694 well. | |
695 | |
696 If a paragraph has just one line, fill commands @emph{may} take a | |
697 prefix from that line. The decision is complicated because there are | |
698 three reasonable things to do in such a case: | |
699 | |
700 @itemize @bullet | |
701 @item | |
702 Use the first line's prefix on all the lines of the paragraph. | |
703 | |
704 @item | |
705 Indent subsequent lines with whitespace, so that they line up under the | |
706 text that follows the prefix on the first line, but don't actually copy | |
707 the prefix from the first line. | |
708 | |
709 @item | |
710 Don't do anything special with the second and following lines. | |
711 @end itemize | |
712 | |
713 All three of these styles of formatting are commonly used. So the | |
714 fill commands try to determine what you would like, based on the prefix | |
715 that appears and on the major mode. Here is how. | |
716 | |
717 @vindex adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp | |
718 If the prefix found on the first line matches | |
719 @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp}, or if it appears to be a | |
720 comment-starting sequence (this depends on the major mode), then the | |
721 prefix found is used for filling the paragraph, provided it would not | |
722 act as a paragraph starter on subsequent lines. | |
723 | |
724 Otherwise, the prefix found is converted to an equivalent number of | |
725 spaces, and those spaces are used as the fill prefix for the rest of the | |
726 lines, provided they would not act as a paragraph starter on subsequent | |
727 lines. | |
728 | |
729 In Text mode, and other modes where only blank lines and page | |
730 delimiters separate paragraphs, the prefix chosen by adaptive filling | |
731 never acts as a paragraph starter, so it can always be used for filling. | |
732 | |
733 @vindex adaptive-fill-mode | |
734 @vindex adaptive-fill-regexp | |
735 The variable @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} determines what kinds of line | |
736 beginnings can serve as a fill prefix: any characters at the start of | |
737 the line that match this regular expression are used. If you set the | |
738 variable @code{adaptive-fill-mode} to @code{nil}, the fill prefix is | |
739 never chosen automatically. | |
740 | |
741 @vindex adaptive-fill-function | |
742 You can specify more complex ways of choosing a fill prefix | |
743 automatically by setting the variable @code{adaptive-fill-function} to a | |
744 function. This function is called with point after the left margin of a | |
745 line, and it should return the appropriate fill prefix based on that | |
746 line. If it returns @code{nil}, that means it sees no fill prefix in | |
747 that line. | |
748 | |
749 @node Case | |
750 @section Case Conversion Commands | |
751 @cindex case conversion | |
752 | |
753 Emacs has commands for converting either a single word or any arbitrary | |
754 range of text to upper case or to lower case. | |
755 | |
756 @table @kbd | |
757 @item M-l | |
758 Convert following word to lower case (@code{downcase-word}). | |
759 @item M-u | |
760 Convert following word to upper case (@code{upcase-word}). | |
761 @item M-c | |
762 Capitalize the following word (@code{capitalize-word}). | |
763 @item C-x C-l | |
764 Convert region to lower case (@code{downcase-region}). | |
765 @item C-x C-u | |
766 Convert region to upper case (@code{upcase-region}). | |
767 @end table | |
768 | |
769 @kindex M-l | |
770 @kindex M-u | |
771 @kindex M-c | |
772 @cindex words, case conversion | |
773 @cindex converting text to upper or lower case | |
774 @cindex capitalizing words | |
775 @findex downcase-word | |
776 @findex upcase-word | |
777 @findex capitalize-word | |
778 The word conversion commands are the most useful. @kbd{M-l} | |
779 (@code{downcase-word}) converts the word after point to lower case, moving | |
780 past it. Thus, repeating @kbd{M-l} converts successive words. | |
781 @kbd{M-u} (@code{upcase-word}) converts to all capitals instead, while | |
782 @kbd{M-c} (@code{capitalize-word}) puts the first letter of the word | |
783 into upper case and the rest into lower case. All these commands convert | |
784 several words at once if given an argument. They are especially convenient | |
785 for converting a large amount of text from all upper case to mixed case, | |
786 because you can move through the text using @kbd{M-l}, @kbd{M-u} or | |
787 @kbd{M-c} on each word as appropriate, occasionally using @kbd{M-f} instead | |
788 to skip a word. | |
789 | |
790 When given a negative argument, the word case conversion commands apply | |
791 to the appropriate number of words before point, but do not move point. | |
792 This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong case: you | |
793 can give the case conversion command and continue typing. | |
794 | |
795 If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word, it | |
796 applies only to the part of the word which follows point. This is just | |
797 like what @kbd{M-d} (@code{kill-word}) does. With a negative argument, | |
798 case conversion applies only to the part of the word before point. | |
799 | |
800 @kindex C-x C-l | |
801 @kindex C-x C-u | |
802 @findex downcase-region | |
803 @findex upcase-region | |
804 The other case conversion commands are @kbd{C-x C-u} | |
805 (@code{upcase-region}) and @kbd{C-x C-l} (@code{downcase-region}), which | |
806 convert everything between point and mark to the specified case. Point and | |
807 mark do not move. | |
808 | |
809 The region case conversion commands @code{upcase-region} and | |
810 @code{downcase-region} are normally disabled. This means that they ask | |
811 for confirmation if you try to use them. When you confirm, you may | |
812 enable the command, which means it will not ask for confirmation again. | |
813 @xref{Disabling}. | |
814 | |
815 @node Text Mode | |
816 @section Text Mode | |
817 @cindex Text mode | |
818 @cindex mode, Text | |
819 @findex text-mode | |
820 | |
821 When you edit files of text in a human language, it's more convenient | |
822 to use Text mode rather than Fundamental mode. To enter Text mode, type | |
823 @kbd{M-x text-mode}. | |
824 | |
825 In Text mode, only blank lines and page delimiters separate | |
826 paragraphs. As a result, paragraphs can be indented, and adaptive | |
827 filling determines what indentation to use when filling a paragraph. | |
828 @xref{Adaptive Fill}. | |
829 | |
830 @kindex TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
831 Text mode defines @key{TAB} to run @code{indent-relative} | |
832 (@pxref{Indentation}), so that you can conveniently indent a line like | |
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833 the previous line. |
25829 | 834 |
835 Text mode turns off the features concerned with comments except when | |
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836 you explicitly invoke them. It changes the syntax table so that |
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837 single-quotes are considered part of words. However, if a word starts |
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838 with single-quotes, then these are treated as a prefix for purposes |
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839 such as capitalization. That is, @kbd{M-c} will convert |
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840 @samp{'hello'} into @samp{'Hello'}, as expected. |
25829 | 841 |
842 @cindex Paragraph-Indent Text mode | |
843 @cindex mode, Paragraph-Indent Text | |
844 @findex paragraph-indent-text-mode | |
27207 | 845 @findex paragraph-indent-minor-mode |
25829 | 846 If you indent the first lines of paragraphs, then you should use |
847 Paragraph-Indent Text mode rather than Text mode. In this mode, you do | |
848 not need to have blank lines between paragraphs, because the first-line | |
849 indentation is sufficient to start a paragraph; however paragraphs in | |
850 which every line is indented are not supported. Use @kbd{M-x | |
27207 | 851 paragraph-indent-text-mode} to enter this mode. Use @kbd{M-x |
852 paragraph-indent-minor-mode} to enter an equivalent minor mode, for | |
853 instance during mail composition. | |
25829 | 854 |
855 @kindex M-TAB @r{(Text mode)} | |
856 Text mode, and all the modes based on it, define @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} as | |
857 the command @code{ispell-complete-word}, which performs completion of | |
858 the partial word in the buffer before point, using the spelling | |
859 dictionary as the space of possible words. @xref{Spelling}. | |
860 | |
861 @vindex text-mode-hook | |
862 Entering Text mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}. Other major | |
863 modes related to Text mode also run this hook, followed by hooks of | |
864 their own; this includes Paragraph-Indent Text mode, Nroff mode, @TeX{} | |
865 mode, Outline mode, and Mail mode. Hook functions on | |
866 @code{text-mode-hook} can look at the value of @code{major-mode} to see | |
867 which of these modes is actually being entered. @xref{Hooks}. | |
868 | |
869 @ifinfo | |
870 Emacs provides two other modes for editing text that is to be passed | |
871 through a text formatter to produce fancy formatted printed output. | |
872 @xref{Nroff Mode}, for editing input to the formatter nroff. | |
873 @xref{TeX Mode}, for editing input to the formatter TeX. | |
874 | |
875 Another mode is used for editing outlines. It allows you to view the | |
876 text at various levels of detail. You can view either the outline | |
877 headings alone or both headings and text; you can also hide some of the | |
878 headings at lower levels from view to make the high level structure more | |
879 visible. @xref{Outline Mode}. | |
880 @end ifinfo | |
881 | |
882 @node Outline Mode | |
883 @section Outline Mode | |
884 @cindex Outline mode | |
885 @cindex mode, Outline | |
886 @cindex invisible lines | |
887 | |
888 @findex outline-mode | |
889 @findex outline-minor-mode | |
890 @vindex outline-minor-mode-prefix | |
891 Outline mode is a major mode much like Text mode but intended for | |
892 editing outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily | |
893 invisible so that you can see the outline structure. Type @kbd{M-x | |
894 outline-mode} to switch to Outline mode as the major mode of the current | |
895 buffer. | |
896 | |
897 When Outline mode makes a line invisible, the line does not appear on | |
898 the screen. The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line were | |
899 deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears at the | |
900 end of the previous visible line (only one ellipsis no matter how many | |
901 invisible lines follow). | |
902 | |
903 Editing commands that operate on lines, such as @kbd{C-n} and | |
904 @kbd{C-p}, treat the text of the invisible line as part of the previous | |
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905 visible line. Killing the ellipsis at the end of a visible line |
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906 really kills all the following invisible lines. |
25829 | 907 |
908 Outline minor mode provides the same commands as the major mode, | |
909 Outline mode, but you can use it in conjunction with other major modes. | |
910 Type @kbd{M-x outline-minor-mode} to enable the Outline minor mode in | |
911 the current buffer. You can also specify this in the text of a file, | |
912 with a file local variable of the form @samp{mode: outline-minor} | |
913 (@pxref{File Variables}). | |
914 | |
915 @kindex C-c @@ @r{(Outline minor mode)} | |
916 The major mode, Outline mode, provides special key bindings on the | |
917 @kbd{C-c} prefix. Outline minor mode provides similar bindings with | |
918 @kbd{C-c @@} as the prefix; this is to reduce the conflicts with the | |
919 major mode's special commands. (The variable | |
920 @code{outline-minor-mode-prefix} controls the prefix used.) | |
921 | |
922 @vindex outline-mode-hook | |
923 Entering Outline mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook} followed by | |
924 the hook @code{outline-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
925 | |
926 @menu | |
927 * Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like. | |
928 * Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through | |
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929 outlines. |
25829 | 930 * Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible. |
931 * Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views. | |
28328 | 932 * Foldout:: Folding editing. |
25829 | 933 @end menu |
934 | |
935 @node Outline Format | |
936 @subsection Format of Outlines | |
937 | |
938 @cindex heading lines (Outline mode) | |
939 @cindex body lines (Outline mode) | |
940 Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types: | |
941 @dfn{heading lines} and @dfn{body lines}. A heading line represents a | |
942 topic in the outline. Heading lines start with one or more stars; the | |
943 number of stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline | |
944 structure. Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the | |
945 heading lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading | |
946 are its subtopics; and so on. Any line that is not a heading line is a | |
947 body line. Body lines belong with the preceding heading line. Here is | |
948 an example: | |
949 | |
950 @example | |
951 * Food | |
952 This is the body, | |
953 which says something about the topic of food. | |
954 | |
955 ** Delicious Food | |
956 This is the body of the second-level header. | |
957 | |
958 ** Distasteful Food | |
959 This could have | |
960 a body too, with | |
961 several lines. | |
962 | |
963 *** Dormitory Food | |
964 | |
965 * Shelter | |
966 Another first-level topic with its header line. | |
967 @end example | |
968 | |
969 A heading line together with all following body lines is called | |
970 collectively an @dfn{entry}. A heading line together with all following | |
971 deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a @dfn{subtree}. | |
972 | |
973 @vindex outline-regexp | |
974 You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines | |
975 by setting the variable @code{outline-regexp}. Any line whose | |
976 beginning has a match for this regexp is considered a heading line. | |
977 Matches that start within a line (not at the left margin) do not count. | |
978 The length of the matching text determines the level of the heading; | |
979 longer matches make a more deeply nested level. Thus, for example, | |
980 if a text formatter has commands @samp{@@chapter}, @samp{@@section} | |
981 and @samp{@@subsection} to divide the document into chapters and | |
982 sections, you could make those lines count as heading lines by | |
983 setting @code{outline-regexp} to @samp{"@@chap\\|@@\\(sub\\)*section"}. | |
984 Note the trick: the two words @samp{chapter} and @samp{section} are equally | |
985 long, but by defining the regexp to match only @samp{chap} we ensure | |
986 that the length of the text matched on a chapter heading is shorter, | |
987 so that Outline mode will know that sections are contained in chapters. | |
988 This works as long as no other command starts with @samp{@@chap}. | |
989 | |
990 @vindex outline-level | |
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991 You can change the rule for calculating the level of a heading line |
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992 by setting the variable @code{outline-level}. The value of |
25829 | 993 @code{outline-level} should be a function that takes no arguments and |
994 returns the level of the current heading. Some major modes such as C, | |
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995 Nroff, and Emacs Lisp mode set this variable and @code{outline-regexp} |
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996 in order to work with Outline minor mode. |
25829 | 997 |
998 @node Outline Motion | |
999 @subsection Outline Motion Commands | |
1000 | |
1001 Outline mode provides special motion commands that move backward and | |
1002 forward to heading lines. | |
1003 | |
1004 @table @kbd | |
1005 @item C-c C-n | |
1006 Move point to the next visible heading line | |
1007 (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}). | |
1008 @item C-c C-p | |
1009 Move point to the previous visible heading line | |
1010 (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}). | |
1011 @item C-c C-f | |
1012 Move point to the next visible heading line at the same level | |
1013 as the one point is on (@code{outline-forward-same-level}). | |
1014 @item C-c C-b | |
1015 Move point to the previous visible heading line at the same level | |
1016 (@code{outline-backward-same-level}). | |
1017 @item C-c C-u | |
1018 Move point up to a lower-level (more inclusive) visible heading line | |
1019 (@code{outline-up-heading}). | |
1020 @end table | |
1021 | |
1022 @findex outline-next-visible-heading | |
1023 @findex outline-previous-visible-heading | |
1024 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1025 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1026 @kbd{C-c C-n} (@code{outline-next-visible-heading}) moves down to the next | |
1027 heading line. @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{outline-previous-visible-heading}) moves | |
1028 similarly backward. Both accept numeric arguments as repeat counts. The | |
1029 names emphasize that invisible headings are skipped, but this is not really | |
1030 a special feature. All editing commands that look for lines ignore the | |
1031 invisible lines automatically.@refill | |
1032 | |
1033 @findex outline-up-heading | |
1034 @findex outline-forward-same-level | |
1035 @findex outline-backward-same-level | |
1036 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1037 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1038 @kindex C-c C-u @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1039 More powerful motion commands understand the level structure of headings. | |
1040 @kbd{C-c C-f} (@code{outline-forward-same-level}) and | |
1041 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{outline-backward-same-level}) move from one | |
1042 heading line to another visible heading at the same depth in | |
1043 the outline. @kbd{C-c C-u} (@code{outline-up-heading}) moves | |
1044 backward to another heading that is less deeply nested. | |
1045 | |
1046 @node Outline Visibility | |
1047 @subsection Outline Visibility Commands | |
1048 | |
1049 The other special commands of outline mode are used to make lines visible | |
1050 or invisible. Their names all start with @code{hide} or @code{show}. | |
1051 Most of them fall into pairs of opposites. They are not undoable; instead, | |
1052 you can undo right past them. Making lines visible or invisible is simply | |
1053 not recorded by the undo mechanism. | |
1054 | |
1055 @table @kbd | |
1056 @item C-c C-t | |
1057 Make all body lines in the buffer invisible (@code{hide-body}). | |
1058 @item C-c C-a | |
1059 Make all lines in the buffer visible (@code{show-all}). | |
1060 @item C-c C-d | |
1061 Make everything under this heading invisible, not including this | |
1062 heading itself (@code{hide-subtree}). | |
1063 @item C-c C-s | |
1064 Make everything under this heading visible, including body, | |
1065 subheadings, and their bodies (@code{show-subtree}). | |
1066 @item C-c C-l | |
1067 Make the body of this heading line, and of all its subheadings, | |
1068 invisible (@code{hide-leaves}). | |
1069 @item C-c C-k | |
1070 Make all subheadings of this heading line, at all levels, visible | |
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1071 (@code{show-branches}). |
25829 | 1072 @item C-c C-i |
1073 Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of this heading line | |
1074 visible (@code{show-children}). | |
1075 @item C-c C-c | |
1076 Make this heading line's body invisible (@code{hide-entry}). | |
1077 @item C-c C-e | |
1078 Make this heading line's body visible (@code{show-entry}). | |
1079 @item C-c C-q | |
1080 Hide everything except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines | |
1081 (@code{hide-sublevels}). | |
1082 @item C-c C-o | |
1083 Hide everything except for the heading or body that point is in, plus | |
1084 the headings leading up from there to the top level of the outline | |
1085 (@code{hide-other}). | |
1086 @end table | |
1087 | |
1088 @findex hide-entry | |
1089 @findex show-entry | |
1090 @kindex C-c C-c @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1091 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1092 Two commands that are exact opposites are @kbd{C-c C-c} | |
1093 (@code{hide-entry}) and @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{show-entry}). They are | |
1094 used with point on a heading line, and apply only to the body lines of | |
1095 that heading. Subheadings and their bodies are not affected. | |
1096 | |
1097 @findex hide-subtree | |
1098 @findex show-subtree | |
1099 @kindex C-c C-s @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1100 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1101 @cindex subtree (Outline mode) | |
1102 Two more powerful opposites are @kbd{C-c C-d} (@code{hide-subtree}) and | |
1103 @kbd{C-c C-s} (@code{show-subtree}). Both expect to be used when point is | |
1104 on a heading line, and both apply to all the lines of that heading's | |
1105 @dfn{subtree}: its body, all its subheadings, both direct and indirect, and | |
1106 all of their bodies. In other words, the subtree contains everything | |
1107 following this heading line, up to and not including the next heading of | |
1108 the same or higher rank.@refill | |
1109 | |
1110 @findex hide-leaves | |
1111 @findex show-branches | |
1112 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1113 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1114 Intermediate between a visible subtree and an invisible one is having | |
1115 all the subheadings visible but none of the body. There are two | |
1116 commands for doing this, depending on whether you want to hide the | |
1117 bodies or make the subheadings visible. They are @kbd{C-c C-l} | |
1118 (@code{hide-leaves}) and @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{show-branches}). | |
1119 | |
1120 @kindex C-c C-i @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1121 @findex show-children | |
1122 A little weaker than @code{show-branches} is @kbd{C-c C-i} | |
1123 (@code{show-children}). It makes just the direct subheadings | |
1124 visible---those one level down. Deeper subheadings remain invisible, if | |
1125 they were invisible.@refill | |
1126 | |
1127 @findex hide-body | |
1128 @findex show-all | |
1129 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1130 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1131 Two commands have a blanket effect on the whole file. @kbd{C-c C-t} | |
1132 (@code{hide-body}) makes all body lines invisible, so that you see just | |
1133 the outline structure. @kbd{C-c C-a} (@code{show-all}) makes all lines | |
1134 visible. These commands can be thought of as a pair of opposites even | |
1135 though @kbd{C-c C-a} applies to more than just body lines. | |
1136 | |
1137 @findex hide-sublevels | |
1138 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1139 The command @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{hide-sublevels}) hides all but the | |
1140 top level headings. With a numeric argument @var{n}, it hides everything | |
1141 except the top @var{n} levels of heading lines. | |
1142 | |
1143 @findex hide-other | |
1144 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(Outline mode)} | |
1145 The command @kbd{C-c C-o} (@code{hide-other}) hides everything except | |
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1146 the heading and body text that point is in, plus its parents (the headers |
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1147 leading up from there to top level in the outline) and the top level |
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1148 headings. |
25829 | 1149 |
47795
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(Outline Visibility): Mention reveal-mode.
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1150 @findex reveal-mode |
25829 | 1151 When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode, |
1152 it makes that part of the buffer visible. If you exit the search | |
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1153 at that position, the text remains visible. You can also |
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1154 automatically make text visible as you navigate in it by using |
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1155 @kbd{M-x reveal-mode}. |
25829 | 1156 |
1157 @node Outline Views | |
1158 @subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views | |
1159 | |
1160 @cindex multiple views of outline | |
1161 @cindex views of an outline | |
1162 @cindex outline with multiple views | |
1163 @cindex indirect buffers and outlines | |
1164 You can display two views of a single outline at the same time, in | |
1165 different windows. To do this, you must create an indirect buffer using | |
1166 @kbd{M-x make-indirect-buffer}. The first argument of this command is | |
1167 the existing outline buffer name, and its second argument is the name to | |
1168 use for the new indirect buffer. @xref{Indirect Buffers}. | |
1169 | |
1170 Once the indirect buffer exists, you can display it in a window in the | |
1171 normal fashion, with @kbd{C-x 4 b} or other Emacs commands. The Outline | |
1172 mode commands to show and hide parts of the text operate on each buffer | |
1173 independently; as a result, each buffer can have its own view. If you | |
1174 want more than two views on the same outline, create additional indirect | |
1175 buffers. | |
1176 | |
28328 | 1177 @node Foldout |
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1178 @subsection Folding Editing |
28328 | 1179 |
1180 @cindex folding editing | |
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1181 The Foldout package extends Outline mode and Outline minor mode with |
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1182 ``folding'' commands. The idea of folding is that you zoom in on a |
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1183 nested portion of the outline, while hiding its relatives at higher |
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1184 levels. |
30867 | 1185 |
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1186 Consider an Outline mode buffer with all the text and subheadings under |
28328 | 1187 level-1 headings hidden. To look at what is hidden under one of these |
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1188 headings, you could use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@kbd{M-x show-entry}) to expose |
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1189 the body, or @kbd{C-c C-i} to expose the child (level-2) headings. |
28328 | 1190 |
1191 @kindex C-c C-z | |
1192 @findex foldout-zoom-subtree | |
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1193 With Foldout, you use @kbd{C-c C-z} (@kbd{M-x foldout-zoom-subtree}). |
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1194 This exposes the body and child subheadings, and narrows the buffer so |
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1195 that only the @w{level-1} heading, the body and the level-2 headings are |
28328 | 1196 visible. Now to look under one of the level-2 headings, position the |
1197 cursor on it and use @kbd{C-c C-z} again. This exposes the level-2 body | |
1198 and its level-3 child subheadings and narrows the buffer again. Zooming | |
1199 in on successive subheadings can be done as much as you like. A string | |
39267 | 1200 in the mode line shows how deep you've gone. |
28328 | 1201 |
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1202 When zooming in on a heading, to see only the child subheadings specify |
28328 | 1203 a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u C-c C-z}. The number of levels of children |
1204 can be specified too (compare @kbd{M-x show-children}), e.g.@: @kbd{M-2 | |
1205 C-c C-z} exposes two levels of child subheadings. Alternatively, the | |
39267 | 1206 body can be specified with a negative argument: @kbd{M-- C-c C-z}. The |
28328 | 1207 whole subtree can be expanded, similarly to @kbd{C-c C-s} (@kbd{M-x |
1208 show-subtree}), by specifying a zero argument: @kbd{M-0 C-c C-z}. | |
1209 | |
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1210 While you're zoomed in, you can still use Outline mode's exposure and |
28328 | 1211 hiding functions without disturbing Foldout. Also, since the buffer is |
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1212 narrowed, ``global'' editing actions will only affect text under the |
28328 | 1213 zoomed-in heading. This is useful for restricting changes to a |
1214 particular chapter or section of your document. | |
1215 | |
1216 @kindex C-c C-x | |
1217 @findex foldout-exit-fold | |
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1218 To unzoom (exit) a fold, use @kbd{C-c C-x} (@kbd{M-x foldout-exit-fold}). |
28328 | 1219 This hides all the text and subheadings under the top-level heading and |
1220 returns you to the previous view of the buffer. Specifying a numeric | |
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|
1221 argument exits that many levels of folds. Specifying a zero argument |
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Various small changes in addition to the following.
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1222 exits all folds. |
28328 | 1223 |
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1224 To cancel the narrowing of a fold without hiding the text and |
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1225 subheadings, specify a negative argument. For example, @kbd{M--2 C-c |
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1226 C-x} exits two folds and leaves the text and subheadings exposed. |
28328 | 1227 |
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1228 Foldout mode also provides mouse commands for entering and exiting |
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1229 folds, and for showing and hiding text: |
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|
1230 |
28328 | 1231 @table @asis |
40651 | 1232 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-1} zooms in on the heading clicked on |
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1233 @itemize @asis |
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1234 @item |
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|
1235 single click: expose body. |
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Get rid of inexplicable @t's in values of paragraph-start and
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1236 @item |
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|
1237 double click: expose subheadings. |
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1238 @item |
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|
1239 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
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|
1240 @item |
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|
1241 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
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1242 @end itemize |
40651 | 1243 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-2} exposes text under the heading clicked on |
38951
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|
1244 @itemize @asis |
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Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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|
1245 @item |
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|
1246 single click: expose body. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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|
1247 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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|
1248 double click: expose subheadings. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1249 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1250 triple click: expose body and subheadings. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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|
1251 @item |
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changeset
|
1252 quad click: expose entire subtree. |
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|
1253 @end itemize |
40651 | 1254 @item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-3} hides text under the heading clicked on or exits fold |
38951
7495f1fcfe14
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|
1255 @itemize @asis |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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changeset
|
1256 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1257 single click: hide subtree. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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changeset
|
1258 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1259 double click: exit fold and hide text. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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changeset
|
1260 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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changeset
|
1261 triple click: exit fold without hiding text. |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
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changeset
|
1262 @item |
7495f1fcfe14
Convert subtables in Foldout mode into @itemize.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
1263 quad click: exit all folds and hide text. |
7495f1fcfe14
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changeset
|
1264 @end itemize |
28328 | 1265 @end table |
1266 | |
1267 @vindex foldout-mouse-modifiers | |
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|
1268 You can specify different modifier keys (instead of |
32fc1ec13574
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|
1269 @kbd{Control-Meta-}) by setting @code{foldout-mouse-modifiers}; but if |
32fc1ec13574
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|
1270 you have already loaded the @file{foldout.el} library, you must reload |
32fc1ec13574
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|
1271 it in order for this to take effect. |
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|
1272 |
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|
1273 To use the Foldout package, you can type @kbd{M-x load-library |
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1274 @key{RET} foldout @key{RET}}; or you can arrange for to do that |
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1275 automatically by putting this in your @file{.emacs} file: |
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|
1276 |
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|
1277 @example |
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|
1278 (eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout)) |
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|
1279 @end example |
28328 | 1280 |
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(TeX Mode): Remove explicit next/prev/up in @node line.
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1281 @node TeX Mode |
25829 | 1282 @section @TeX{} Mode |
1283 @cindex @TeX{} mode | |
1284 @cindex La@TeX{} mode | |
1285 @cindex Sli@TeX{} mode | |
1286 @cindex mode, @TeX{} | |
1287 @cindex mode, La@TeX{} | |
1288 @cindex mode, Sli@TeX{} | |
1289 @findex tex-mode | |
1290 @findex plain-tex-mode | |
1291 @findex latex-mode | |
1292 @findex slitex-mode | |
1293 | |
1294 @TeX{} is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; it is also | |
1295 free, like GNU Emacs. La@TeX{} is a simplified input format for @TeX{}, | |
1296 implemented by @TeX{} macros; it comes with @TeX{}. Sli@TeX{} is a special | |
30867 | 1297 form of La@TeX{}.@footnote{Sli@TeX{} is obsoleted by the @samp{slides} |
1298 document class in recent La@TeX{} versions.} | |
25829 | 1299 |
1300 Emacs has a special @TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{} input files. | |
1301 It provides facilities for checking the balance of delimiters and for | |
1302 invoking @TeX{} on all or part of the file. | |
1303 | |
1304 @vindex tex-default-mode | |
1305 @TeX{} mode has three variants, Plain @TeX{} mode, La@TeX{} mode, and | |
1306 Sli@TeX{} mode (these three distinct major modes differ only slightly). | |
1307 They are designed for editing the three different formats. The command | |
1308 @kbd{M-x tex-mode} looks at the contents of the buffer to determine | |
1309 whether the contents appear to be either La@TeX{} input or Sli@TeX{} | |
1310 input; if so, it selects the appropriate mode. If the file contents do | |
1311 not appear to be La@TeX{} or Sli@TeX{}, it selects Plain @TeX{} mode. | |
1312 If the contents are insufficient to determine this, the variable | |
1313 @code{tex-default-mode} controls which mode is used. | |
1314 | |
1315 When @kbd{M-x tex-mode} does not guess right, you can use the commands | |
1316 @kbd{M-x plain-tex-mode}, @kbd{M-x latex-mode}, and @kbd{M-x | |
1317 slitex-mode} to select explicitly the particular variants of @TeX{} | |
1318 mode. | |
1319 | |
1320 @menu | |
1321 * Editing: TeX Editing. Special commands for editing in TeX mode. | |
1322 * LaTeX: LaTeX Editing. Additional commands for LaTeX input files. | |
1323 * Printing: TeX Print. Commands for printing part of a file with TeX. | |
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|
1324 * Misc: TeX Misc. Customization of TeX mode, and related features. |
25829 | 1325 @end menu |
1326 | |
1327 @node TeX Editing | |
1328 @subsection @TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1329 | |
1330 Here are the special commands provided in @TeX{} mode for editing the | |
1331 text of the file. | |
1332 | |
1333 @table @kbd | |
1334 @item " | |
1335 Insert, according to context, either @samp{``} or @samp{"} or | |
1336 @samp{''} (@code{tex-insert-quote}). | |
1337 @item C-j | |
1338 Insert a paragraph break (two newlines) and check the previous | |
1339 paragraph for unbalanced braces or dollar signs | |
1340 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}). | |
1341 @item M-x tex-validate-region | |
1342 Check each paragraph in the region for unbalanced braces or dollar signs. | |
1343 @item C-c @{ | |
1344 Insert @samp{@{@}} and position point between them (@code{tex-insert-braces}). | |
1345 @item C-c @} | |
1346 Move forward past the next unmatched close brace (@code{up-list}). | |
1347 @end table | |
1348 | |
1349 @findex tex-insert-quote | |
1350 @kindex " @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1351 In @TeX{}, the character @samp{"} is not normally used; we use | |
1352 @samp{``} to start a quotation and @samp{''} to end one. To make | |
1353 editing easier under this formatting convention, @TeX{} mode overrides | |
1354 the normal meaning of the key @kbd{"} with a command that inserts a pair | |
1355 of single-quotes or backquotes (@code{tex-insert-quote}). To be | |
1356 precise, this command inserts @samp{``} after whitespace or an open | |
1357 brace, @samp{"} after a backslash, and @samp{''} after any other | |
1358 character. | |
1359 | |
1360 If you need the character @samp{"} itself in unusual contexts, use | |
1361 @kbd{C-q} to insert it. Also, @kbd{"} with a numeric argument always | |
1362 inserts that number of @samp{"} characters. You can turn off the | |
1363 feature of @kbd{"} expansion by eliminating that binding in the local | |
1364 map (@pxref{Key Bindings}). | |
1365 | |
1366 In @TeX{} mode, @samp{$} has a special syntax code which attempts to | |
1367 understand the way @TeX{} math mode delimiters match. When you insert a | |
1368 @samp{$} that is meant to exit math mode, the position of the matching | |
1369 @samp{$} that entered math mode is displayed for a second. This is the | |
1370 same feature that displays the open brace that matches a close brace that | |
1371 is inserted. However, there is no way to tell whether a @samp{$} enters | |
1372 math mode or leaves it; so when you insert a @samp{$} that enters math | |
1373 mode, the previous @samp{$} position is shown as if it were a match, even | |
1374 though they are actually unrelated. | |
1375 | |
1376 @findex tex-insert-braces | |
1377 @kindex C-c @{ @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1378 @findex up-list | |
1379 @kindex C-c @} @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1380 @TeX{} uses braces as delimiters that must match. Some users prefer | |
1381 to keep braces balanced at all times, rather than inserting them | |
1382 singly. Use @kbd{C-c @{} (@code{tex-insert-braces}) to insert a pair of | |
1383 braces. It leaves point between the two braces so you can insert the | |
1384 text that belongs inside. Afterward, use the command @kbd{C-c @}} | |
1385 (@code{up-list}) to move forward past the close brace. | |
1386 | |
1387 @findex tex-validate-region | |
1388 @findex tex-terminate-paragraph | |
1389 @kindex C-j @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1390 There are two commands for checking the matching of braces. @kbd{C-j} | |
1391 (@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}) checks the paragraph before point, and | |
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1392 inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It outputs a message in |
25829 | 1393 the echo area if any mismatch is found. @kbd{M-x tex-validate-region} |
1394 checks a region, paragraph by paragraph. The errors are listed in the | |
1395 @samp{*Occur*} buffer, and you can use @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{Mouse-2} in | |
1396 that buffer to go to a particular mismatch. | |
1397 | |
1398 Note that Emacs commands count square brackets and parentheses in | |
1399 @TeX{} mode, not just braces. This is not strictly correct for the | |
1400 purpose of checking @TeX{} syntax. However, parentheses and square | |
1401 brackets are likely to be used in text as matching delimiters and it is | |
1402 useful for the various motion commands and automatic match display to | |
1403 work with them. | |
1404 | |
1405 @node LaTeX Editing | |
1406 @subsection La@TeX{} Editing Commands | |
1407 | |
1408 La@TeX{} mode, and its variant, Sli@TeX{} mode, provide a few extra | |
1409 features not applicable to plain @TeX{}. | |
1410 | |
1411 @table @kbd | |
1412 @item C-c C-o | |
1413 Insert @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} for La@TeX{} block and position | |
1414 point on a line between them (@code{tex-latex-block}). | |
1415 @item C-c C-e | |
1416 Close the innermost La@TeX{} block not yet closed | |
1417 (@code{tex-close-latex-block}). | |
1418 @end table | |
1419 | |
1420 @findex tex-latex-block | |
1421 @kindex C-c C-o @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1422 @vindex latex-block-names | |
1423 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands are used to | |
1424 group blocks of text. To insert a @samp{\begin} and a matching | |
1425 @samp{\end} (on a new line following the @samp{\begin}), use @kbd{C-c | |
1426 C-o} (@code{tex-latex-block}). A blank line is inserted between the | |
1427 two, and point is left there. You can use completion when you enter the | |
1428 block type; to specify additional block type names beyond the standard | |
1429 list, set the variable @code{latex-block-names}. For example, here's | |
1430 how to add @samp{theorem}, @samp{corollary}, and @samp{proof}: | |
1431 | |
1432 @example | |
1433 (setq latex-block-names '("theorem" "corollary" "proof")) | |
1434 @end example | |
1435 | |
1436 @findex tex-close-latex-block | |
1437 @kindex C-c C-e @r{(La@TeX{} mode)} | |
1438 In La@TeX{} input, @samp{\begin} and @samp{\end} commands must | |
1439 balance. You can use @kbd{C-c C-e} (@code{tex-close-latex-block}) to | |
1440 insert automatically a matching @samp{\end} to match the last unmatched | |
1441 @samp{\begin}. It indents the @samp{\end} to match the corresponding | |
1442 @samp{\begin}. It inserts a newline after @samp{\end} if point is at | |
1443 the beginning of a line. | |
1444 | |
1445 @node TeX Print | |
1446 @subsection @TeX{} Printing Commands | |
1447 | |
1448 You can invoke @TeX{} as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire | |
1449 contents of the buffer or just a region at a time. Running @TeX{} in | |
1450 this way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes | |
1451 look like without taking the time to format the entire file. | |
1452 | |
1453 @table @kbd | |
1454 @item C-c C-r | |
1455 Invoke @TeX{} on the current region, together with the buffer's header | |
1456 (@code{tex-region}). | |
1457 @item C-c C-b | |
1458 Invoke @TeX{} on the entire current buffer (@code{tex-buffer}). | |
1459 @item C-c @key{TAB} | |
1460 Invoke Bib@TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-bibtex-file}). | |
1461 @item C-c C-f | |
1462 Invoke @TeX{} on the current file (@code{tex-file}). | |
1463 @item C-c C-l | |
1464 Recenter the window showing output from the inferior @TeX{} so that | |
1465 the last line can be seen (@code{tex-recenter-output-buffer}). | |
1466 @item C-c C-k | |
1467 Kill the @TeX{} subprocess (@code{tex-kill-job}). | |
1468 @item C-c C-p | |
1469 Print the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1470 C-f} command (@code{tex-print}). | |
1471 @item C-c C-v | |
1472 Preview the output from the last @kbd{C-c C-r}, @kbd{C-c C-b}, or @kbd{C-c | |
1473 C-f} command (@code{tex-view}). | |
1474 @item C-c C-q | |
1475 Show the printer queue (@code{tex-show-print-queue}). | |
1476 @end table | |
1477 | |
1478 @findex tex-buffer | |
1479 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1480 @findex tex-print | |
1481 @kindex C-c C-p @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1482 @findex tex-view | |
1483 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1484 @findex tex-show-print-queue | |
1485 @kindex C-c C-q @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1486 You can pass the current buffer through an inferior @TeX{} by means of | |
1487 @kbd{C-c C-b} (@code{tex-buffer}). The formatted output appears in a | |
1488 temporary file; to print it, type @kbd{C-c C-p} (@code{tex-print}). | |
1489 Afterward, you can use @kbd{C-c C-q} (@code{tex-show-print-queue}) to | |
1490 view the progress of your output towards being printed. If your terminal | |
1491 has the ability to display @TeX{} output files, you can preview the | |
1492 output on the terminal with @kbd{C-c C-v} (@code{tex-view}). | |
1493 | |
29107 | 1494 @cindex @env{TEXINPUTS} environment variable |
25829 | 1495 @vindex tex-directory |
1496 You can specify the directory to use for running @TeX{} by setting the | |
1497 variable @code{tex-directory}. @code{"."} is the default value. If | |
29107 | 1498 your environment variable @env{TEXINPUTS} contains relative directory |
25829 | 1499 names, or if your files contains @samp{\input} commands with relative |
1500 file names, then @code{tex-directory} @emph{must} be @code{"."} or you | |
1501 will get the wrong results. Otherwise, it is safe to specify some other | |
1502 directory, such as @code{"/tmp"}. | |
1503 | |
1504 @vindex tex-run-command | |
1505 @vindex latex-run-command | |
1506 @vindex slitex-run-command | |
1507 @vindex tex-dvi-print-command | |
1508 @vindex tex-dvi-view-command | |
1509 @vindex tex-show-queue-command | |
1510 If you want to specify which shell commands are used in the inferior @TeX{}, | |
1511 you can do so by setting the values of the variables @code{tex-run-command}, | |
1512 @code{latex-run-command}, @code{slitex-run-command}, | |
1513 @code{tex-dvi-print-command}, @code{tex-dvi-view-command}, and | |
1514 @code{tex-show-queue-command}. You @emph{must} set the value of | |
1515 @code{tex-dvi-view-command} for your particular terminal; this variable | |
1516 has no default value. The other variables have default values that may | |
1517 (or may not) be appropriate for your system. | |
1518 | |
1519 Normally, the file name given to these commands comes at the end of | |
1520 the command string; for example, @samp{latex @var{filename}}. In some | |
1521 cases, however, the file name needs to be embedded in the command; an | |
1522 example is when you need to provide the file name as an argument to one | |
1523 command whose output is piped to another. You can specify where to put | |
1524 the file name with @samp{*} in the command string. For example, | |
1525 | |
1526 @example | |
1527 (setq tex-dvi-print-command "dvips -f * | lpr") | |
1528 @end example | |
1529 | |
1530 @findex tex-kill-job | |
1531 @kindex C-c C-k @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1532 @findex tex-recenter-output-buffer | |
1533 @kindex C-c C-l @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1534 The terminal output from @TeX{}, including any error messages, appears | |
1535 in a buffer called @samp{*tex-shell*}. If @TeX{} gets an error, you can | |
1536 switch to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode; | |
1537 @pxref{Interactive Shell}). Without switching to this buffer you can | |
1538 scroll it so that its last line is visible by typing @kbd{C-c | |
1539 C-l}. | |
1540 | |
1541 Type @kbd{C-c C-k} (@code{tex-kill-job}) to kill the @TeX{} process if | |
1542 you see that its output is no longer useful. Using @kbd{C-c C-b} or | |
1543 @kbd{C-c C-r} also kills any @TeX{} process still running.@refill | |
1544 | |
1545 @findex tex-region | |
1546 @kindex C-c C-r @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1547 You can also pass an arbitrary region through an inferior @TeX{} by typing | |
1548 @kbd{C-c C-r} (@code{tex-region}). This is tricky, however, because most files | |
1549 of @TeX{} input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and | |
1550 define macros, without which no later part of the file will format | |
1551 correctly. To solve this problem, @kbd{C-c C-r} allows you to designate a | |
1552 part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included before | |
1553 the specified region as part of the input to @TeX{}. The designated part | |
1554 of the file is called the @dfn{header}. | |
1555 | |
1556 @cindex header (@TeX{} mode) | |
1557 To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain @TeX{} mode, you insert two | |
1558 special strings in the file. Insert @samp{%**start of header} before the | |
1559 header, and @samp{%**end of header} after it. Each string must appear | |
1560 entirely on one line, but there may be other text on the line before or | |
1561 after. The lines containing the two strings are included in the header. | |
1562 If @samp{%**start of header} does not appear within the first 100 lines of | |
1563 the buffer, @kbd{C-c C-r} assumes that there is no header. | |
1564 | |
1565 In La@TeX{} mode, the header begins with @samp{\documentclass} or | |
1566 @samp{\documentstyle} and ends with @samp{\begin@{document@}}. These | |
1567 are commands that La@TeX{} requires you to use in any case, so nothing | |
1568 special needs to be done to identify the header. | |
1569 | |
1570 @findex tex-file | |
1571 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1572 The commands (@code{tex-buffer}) and (@code{tex-region}) do all of their | |
1573 work in a temporary directory, and do not have available any of the auxiliary | |
1574 files needed by @TeX{} for cross-references; these commands are generally | |
1575 not suitable for running the final copy in which all of the cross-references | |
1576 need to be correct. | |
1577 | |
1578 When you want the auxiliary files for cross references, use @kbd{C-c | |
1579 C-f} (@code{tex-file}) which runs @TeX{} on the current buffer's file, | |
1580 in that file's directory. Before running @TeX{}, it offers to save any | |
1581 modified buffers. Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to | |
1582 get the cross-references right. | |
1583 | |
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1584 @vindex tex-start-options |
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1585 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options} specifies |
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1586 options for the @TeX{} run. |
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1587 |
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1588 @vindex tex-start-commands |
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1589 The value of the variable @code{tex-start-commands} specifies @TeX{} |
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1590 commands for starting @TeX{}. The default value causes @TeX{} to run |
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1591 in nonstop mode. To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to |
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1592 @code{""}. |
25829 | 1593 |
1594 @vindex tex-main-file | |
1595 Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main | |
1596 file, plus subfiles. Running @TeX{} on a subfile typically does not | |
1597 work; you have to run it on the main file. In order to make | |
1598 @code{tex-file} useful when you are editing a subfile, you can set the | |
1599 variable @code{tex-main-file} to the name of the main file. Then | |
1600 @code{tex-file} runs @TeX{} on that file. | |
1601 | |
1602 The most convenient way to use @code{tex-main-file} is to specify it | |
1603 in a local variable list in each of the subfiles. @xref{File | |
1604 Variables}. | |
1605 | |
1606 @findex tex-bibtex-file | |
1607 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(@TeX{} mode)} | |
1608 @vindex tex-bibtex-command | |
1609 For La@TeX{} files, you can use Bib@TeX{} to process the auxiliary | |
1610 file for the current buffer's file. Bib@TeX{} looks up bibliographic | |
1611 citations in a data base and prepares the cited references for the | |
1612 bibliography section. The command @kbd{C-c TAB} | |
1613 (@code{tex-bibtex-file}) runs the shell command | |
1614 (@code{tex-bibtex-command}) to produce a @samp{.bbl} file for the | |
1615 current buffer's file. Generally, you need to do @kbd{C-c C-f} | |
1616 (@code{tex-file}) once to generate the @samp{.aux} file, then do | |
1617 @kbd{C-c TAB} (@code{tex-bibtex-file}), and then repeat @kbd{C-c C-f} | |
1618 (@code{tex-file}) twice more to get the cross-references correct. | |
1619 | |
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1620 @node TeX Misc |
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1621 @subsection @TeX{} Mode Miscellany |
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1622 |
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1623 @vindex tex-shell-hook |
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1624 @vindex tex-mode-hook |
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1625 @vindex latex-mode-hook |
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1626 @vindex slitex-mode-hook |
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1627 @vindex plain-tex-mode-hook |
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1628 Entering any variant of @TeX{} mode runs the hooks |
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1629 @code{text-mode-hook} and @code{tex-mode-hook}. Then it runs either |
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1630 @code{plain-tex-mode-hook}, @code{latex-mode-hook}, or |
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1631 @code{slitex-mode-hook}, whichever is appropriate. Starting the |
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1632 @TeX{} shell runs the hook @code{tex-shell-hook}. @xref{Hooks}. |
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1633 |
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1634 @findex iso-iso2tex |
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1635 @findex iso-tex2iso |
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1636 @findex iso-iso2gtex |
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1637 @findex iso-gtex2iso |
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1638 @cindex Latin-1 @TeX{} encoding |
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1639 @cindex @TeX{} encoding |
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1640 The commands @kbd{M-x iso-iso2tex}, @kbd{M-x iso-tex2iso}, @kbd{M-x |
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1641 iso-iso2gtex} and @kbd{M-x iso-gtex2iso} can be used to convert |
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1642 between Latin-1 encoded files and @TeX{}-encoded equivalents. |
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1643 @ignore |
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1644 @c Too cryptic to be useful, too cryptic for me to make it better -- rms. |
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1645 They |
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1646 are included by default in the @code{format-alist} variable, so they |
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1647 can be used with @kbd{M-x format-find-file}, for instance. |
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1648 @end ignore |
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1649 |
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1650 @ignore @c Not worth documenting if it is only for Czech -- rms. |
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1651 @findex tildify-buffer |
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1652 @findex tildify-region |
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1653 @cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting |
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1654 @cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting |
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1655 The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region} |
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1656 insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally |
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1657 required. This is set up for Czech---customize the group |
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1658 @samp{tildify} for other languages or for other sorts of markup. |
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1659 @end ignore |
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1660 |
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1661 @cindex Ref@TeX{} package |
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1662 @cindex references, La@TeX{} |
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1663 @cindex La@TeX{} references |
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1664 For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use |
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1665 Ref@TeX{}. @inforef{Top,, reftex}. |
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diff
changeset
|
1666 |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1667 @node HTML Mode |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1668 @section SGML, XML, and HTML Modes |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1669 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1670 The major modes for SGML and HTML include indentation support and |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1671 commands to operate on tags. This section describes the special |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1672 commands of these modes. (HTML mode is a slightly customized variant |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1673 of SGML mode.) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1674 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1675 @table @kbd |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1676 @item C-c C-n |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1677 @kindex C-c C-n @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1678 @findex sgml-name-char |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1679 Interactively specify a special character and insert the SGML |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1680 @samp{&}-command for that character. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1681 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1682 @item C-c C-t |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1683 @kindex C-c C-t @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1684 @findex sgml-tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1685 Interactively specify a tag and its attributes (@code{sgml-tag}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1686 This command asks you for a tag name and for the attribute values, |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1687 then inserts both the opening tag and the closing tag, leaving point |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1688 between them. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1689 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1690 With a prefix argument @var{n}, the command puts the tag around the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1691 @var{n} words already present in the buffer after point. With |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1692 @minus{}1 as argument, it puts the tag around the region. (In |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1693 Transient Mark mode, it does this whenever a region is active.) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1694 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1695 @item C-c C-a |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1696 @kindex C-c C-a @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1697 @findex sgml-attributes |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1698 Interactively insert attribute values for the current tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1699 (@code{sgml-attributes}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1700 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1701 @item C-c C-f |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1702 @kindex C-c C-f @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1703 @findex sgml-skip-tag-forward |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1704 Skip across a balanced tag group (which extends from an opening tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1705 through its corresponding closing tag) (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1706 A numeric argument acts as a repeat count. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1707 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1708 @item C-c C-b |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1709 @kindex C-c C-b @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1710 @findex sgml-skip-tag-backward |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1711 Skip backward across a balanced tag group (which extends from an |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1712 opening tag through its corresponding closing tag) |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1713 (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). A numeric argument acts as a repeat |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1714 count. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1715 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1716 @item C-c C-d |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1717 @kindex C-c C-d @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1718 @findex sgml-delete-tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1719 Delete the tag at or after point, and delete the matching tag too |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1720 (@code{sgml-delete-tag}). If the tag at or after point is an opening |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1721 tag, delete the closing tag too; if it is a closing tag, delete the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1722 opening tag too. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1723 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1724 @item C-c ? @var{tag} @key{RET} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1725 @kindex C-c ? @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1726 @findex sgml-tag-help |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1727 Display a description of the meaning of tag @var{tag} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1728 (@code{sgml-tag-help}). If the argument @var{tag} is empty, describe |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1729 the tag at point. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1730 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1731 @item C-c / |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1732 @kindex C-c / @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1733 @findex sgml-close-tag |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1734 Insert a close tag for the innermost unterminated tag |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1735 (@code{sgml-close-tag}). If called from within a tag or a comment, |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1736 close this element instead of inserting a close tag. |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1737 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1738 @item C-c 8 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1739 @kindex C-c 8 @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1740 @findex sgml-name-8bit-mode |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1741 Toggle a minor mode in which Latin-1 characters insert the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1742 corresponding SGML commands that stand for them, instead of the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1743 characters themselves (@code{sgml-name-8bit-mode}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1744 |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1745 @item C-c C-v |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1746 @kindex C-c C-v @r{(SGML mode)} |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1747 @findex sgml-validate |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1748 Run a shell command (which you must specify) to validate the current |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1749 buffer as SGML (@code{sgml-validate}). |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1750 |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1751 @item C-x TAB |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1752 @kindex C-c TAB @r{(SGML mode)} |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1753 @findex sgml-tags-invisible |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1754 Toggle the visibility of existing tags in the buffer. This can be |
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1755 used as a cheap preview. |
46398
77eee86ab97d
(HTML Mode): Put `@end table' at end of table.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
46397
diff
changeset
|
1756 @end table |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1757 |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1758 @vindex sgml-xml-mode |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1759 SGML mode and HTML mode support XML also. In XML, every opening tag |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1760 must have an explicit closing tag. When @code{sgml-xml-mode} is |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1761 non-@code{nil}, SGML mode (and HTML mode) always insert explicit |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1762 closing tags. When you visit a file, these modes determine from the |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1763 file contents whether it is XML or not, and set @code{sgml-xml-mode} |
46397
2f9698c0ca31
*** empty log message ***
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
46247
diff
changeset
|
1764 accordingly, so that they do the right thing for the file in either |
46234
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1765 case. |
58b8a59669f4
New node for SGML mode, etc.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
46209
diff
changeset
|
1766 |
25829 | 1767 @node Nroff Mode |
1768 @section Nroff Mode | |
1769 | |
1770 @cindex nroff | |
1771 @findex nroff-mode | |
1772 Nroff mode is a mode like Text mode but modified to handle nroff commands | |
1773 present in the text. Invoke @kbd{M-x nroff-mode} to enter this mode. It | |
1774 differs from Text mode in only a few ways. All nroff command lines are | |
1775 considered paragraph separators, so that filling will never garble the | |
1776 nroff commands. Pages are separated by @samp{.bp} commands. Comments | |
1777 start with backslash-doublequote. Also, three special commands are | |
1778 provided that are not in Text mode: | |
1779 | |
1780 @findex forward-text-line | |
1781 @findex backward-text-line | |
1782 @findex count-text-lines | |
1783 @kindex M-n @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1784 @kindex M-p @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1785 @kindex M-? @r{(Nroff mode)} | |
1786 @table @kbd | |
1787 @item M-n | |
1788 Move to the beginning of the next line that isn't an nroff command | |
1789 (@code{forward-text-line}). An argument is a repeat count. | |
1790 @item M-p | |
1791 Like @kbd{M-n} but move up (@code{backward-text-line}). | |
1792 @item M-? | |
38870
d44abb4e68b2
Don't use "print" for displaying a message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
38478
diff
changeset
|
1793 Displays in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not |
25829 | 1794 nroff commands) in the region (@code{count-text-lines}). |
1795 @end table | |
1796 | |
1797 @findex electric-nroff-mode | |
1798 The other feature of Nroff mode is that you can turn on Electric Nroff | |
1799 mode. This is a minor mode that you can turn on or off with @kbd{M-x | |
1800 electric-nroff-mode} (@pxref{Minor Modes}). When the mode is on, each | |
1801 time you use @key{RET} to end a line that contains an nroff command that | |
1802 opens a kind of grouping, the matching nroff command to close that | |
1803 grouping is automatically inserted on the following line. For example, | |
1804 if you are at the beginning of a line and type @kbd{.@: ( b @key{RET}}, | |
1805 this inserts the matching command @samp{.)b} on a new line following | |
1806 point. | |
1807 | |
1808 If you use Outline minor mode with Nroff mode (@pxref{Outline Mode}), | |
1809 heading lines are lines of the form @samp{.H} followed by a number (the | |
1810 header level). | |
1811 | |
1812 @vindex nroff-mode-hook | |
1813 Entering Nroff mode runs the hook @code{text-mode-hook}, followed by | |
1814 the hook @code{nroff-mode-hook} (@pxref{Hooks}). | |
1815 | |
1816 @node Formatted Text | |
1817 @section Editing Formatted Text | |
1818 | |
1819 @cindex Enriched mode | |
1820 @cindex mode, Enriched | |
1821 @cindex formatted text | |
1822 @cindex WYSIWYG | |
1823 @cindex word processing | |
1824 @dfn{Enriched mode} is a minor mode for editing files that contain | |
1825 formatted text in WYSIWYG fashion, as in a word processor. Currently, | |
1826 formatted text in Enriched mode can specify fonts, colors, underlining, | |
1827 margins, and types of filling and justification. In the future, we plan | |
1828 to implement other formatting features as well. | |
1829 | |
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1830 Enriched mode is a minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}). It is |
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1831 typically used in conjunction with Text mode (@pxref{Text Mode}), but |
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1832 you can also use it with other major modes such as Outline mode and |
25829 | 1833 Paragraph-Indent Text mode. |
1834 | |
30867 | 1835 @cindex text/enriched MIME format |
25829 | 1836 Potentially, Emacs can store formatted text files in various file |
1837 formats. Currently, only one format is implemented: @dfn{text/enriched} | |
1838 format, which is defined by the MIME protocol. @xref{Format | |
1839 Conversion,, Format Conversion, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, | |
1840 for details of how Emacs recognizes and converts file formats. | |
1841 | |
1842 The Emacs distribution contains a formatted text file that can serve as | |
1843 an example. Its name is @file{etc/enriched.doc}. It contains samples | |
1844 illustrating all the features described in this section. It also | |
1845 contains a list of ideas for future enhancements. | |
1846 | |
1847 @menu | |
1848 * Requesting Formatted Text:: Entering and exiting Enriched mode. | |
1849 * Hard and Soft Newlines:: There are two different kinds of newlines. | |
1850 * Editing Format Info:: How to edit text properties. | |
1851 * Faces: Format Faces. Bold, italic, underline, etc. | |
1852 * Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text. | |
1853 * Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins. | |
1854 * Justification: Format Justification. | |
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1855 Centering, setting text flush with the |
25829 | 1856 left or right margin, etc. |
1857 * Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu. | |
1858 * Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode. | |
1859 @end menu | |
1860 | |
1861 @node Requesting Formatted Text | |
1862 @subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text | |
1863 | |
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1864 Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched |
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1865 format, Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the |
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1866 file into Emacs's own internal format (known as @dfn{text |
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1867 properties}), and turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 1868 |
1869 @findex enriched-mode | |
1870 To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent | |
1871 file, then type @kbd{M-x enriched-mode} before you start inserting text. | |
1872 This command turns on Enriched mode. Do this before you begin inserting | |
1873 text, to ensure that the text you insert is handled properly. | |
1874 | |
1875 More generally, the command @code{enriched-mode} turns Enriched mode | |
1876 on if it was off, and off if it was on. With a prefix argument, this | |
1877 command turns Enriched mode on if the argument is positive, and turns | |
1878 the mode off otherwise. | |
1879 | |
1880 When you save a buffer while Enriched mode is enabled in it, Emacs | |
1881 automatically converts the text to text/enriched format while writing it | |
1882 into the file. When you visit the file again, Emacs will automatically | |
1883 recognize the format, reconvert the text, and turn on Enriched mode | |
1884 again. | |
1885 | |
1886 @vindex enriched-translations | |
1887 You can add annotations for saving additional text properties, which | |
1888 Emacs normally does not save, by adding to @code{enriched-translations}. | |
1889 Note that the text/enriched standard requires any non-standard | |
1890 annotations to have names starting with @samp{x-}, as in | |
1891 @samp{x-read-only}. This ensures that they will not conflict with | |
1892 standard annotations that may be added later. | |
1893 | |
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1894 @xref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, |
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1895 for more information about text properties. |
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1896 |
25829 | 1897 @node Hard and Soft Newlines |
1898 @subsection Hard and Soft Newlines | |
1899 @cindex hard newline | |
1900 @cindex soft newline | |
1901 @cindex newlines, hard and soft | |
1902 | |
1903 In formatted text, Emacs distinguishes between two different kinds of | |
1904 newlines, @dfn{hard} newlines and @dfn{soft} newlines. | |
1905 | |
1906 Hard newlines are used to separate paragraphs, or items in a list, or | |
1907 anywhere that there should always be a line break regardless of the | |
1908 margins. The @key{RET} command (@code{newline}) and @kbd{C-o} | |
1909 (@code{open-line}) insert hard newlines. | |
1910 | |
1911 Soft newlines are used to make text fit between the margins. All the | |
1912 fill commands, including Auto Fill, insert soft newlines---and they | |
1913 delete only soft newlines. | |
1914 | |
1915 Although hard and soft newlines look the same, it is important to bear | |
1916 the difference in mind. Do not use @key{RET} to break lines in the | |
1917 middle of filled paragraphs, or else you will get hard newlines that are | |
1918 barriers to further filling. Instead, let Auto Fill mode break lines, | |
1919 so that if the text or the margins change, Emacs can refill the lines | |
1920 properly. @xref{Auto Fill}. | |
1921 | |
1922 On the other hand, in tables and lists, where the lines should always | |
1923 remain as you type them, you can use @key{RET} to end lines. For these | |
1924 lines, you may also want to set the justification style to | |
1925 @code{unfilled}. @xref{Format Justification}. | |
1926 | |
1927 @node Editing Format Info | |
1928 @subsection Editing Format Information | |
1929 | |
1930 There are two ways to alter the formatting information for a formatted | |
1931 text file: with keyboard commands, and with the mouse. | |
1932 | |
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1933 The easiest way to add properties to your document is with the Text |
25829 | 1934 Properties menu. You can get to this menu in two ways: from the Edit |
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1935 menu in the menu bar (use @kbd{@key{F10} e t} if you have no mouse), |
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1936 or with @kbd{C-Mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key and press the middle |
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1937 mouse button). There are also keyboard commands described in the |
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1938 following section. |
25829 | 1939 |
1940 Most of the items in the Text Properties menu lead to other submenus. | |
1941 These are described in the sections that follow. Some items run | |
1942 commands directly: | |
1943 | |
1944 @table @code | |
40778 | 1945 @findex facemenu-remove-face-props |
1946 @item Remove Face Properties | |
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1947 Delete from the region all face and color text properties |
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1948 (@code{facemenu-remove-face-props}). |
25829 | 1949 |
1950 @findex facemenu-remove-all | |
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1951 @item Remove Text Properties |
25829 | 1952 Delete @emph{all} text properties from the region |
1953 (@code{facemenu-remove-all}). | |
1954 | |
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1955 @findex describe-text-properties |
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1956 @cindex text properties of characters |
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1957 @cindex overlays at character position |
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1958 @cindex widgets at buffer position |
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1959 @cindex buttons at buffer position |
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1960 @item Describe Properties |
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1961 List all the text properties, widgets, buttons, and overlays of the |
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1962 character following point (@code{describe-text-properties}). |
25829 | 1963 |
1964 @item Display Faces | |
40778 | 1965 Display a list of all the defined faces (@code{list-faces-display}). |
25829 | 1966 |
1967 @item Display Colors | |
40778 | 1968 Display a list of all the defined colors (@code{list-colors-display}). |
25829 | 1969 @end table |
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1970 |
25829 | 1971 @node Format Faces |
1972 @subsection Faces in Formatted Text | |
1973 | |
1974 The Faces submenu lists various Emacs faces including @code{bold}, | |
1975 @code{italic}, and @code{underline}. Selecting one of these adds the | |
1976 chosen face to the region. @xref{Faces}. You can also specify a face | |
1977 with these keyboard commands: | |
1978 | |
1979 @table @kbd | |
1980 @kindex M-g d @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
1981 @findex facemenu-set-default | |
1982 @item M-g d | |
1983 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{default} face | |
1984 (@code{facemenu-set-default}). | |
1985 @kindex M-g b @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
1986 @findex facemenu-set-bold | |
1987 @item M-g b | |
1988 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold} face | |
1989 (@code{facemenu-set-bold}). | |
1990 @kindex M-g i @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
1991 @findex facemenu-set-italic | |
1992 @item M-g i | |
1993 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{italic} face | |
1994 (@code{facemenu-set-italic}). | |
1995 @kindex M-g l @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
1996 @findex facemenu-set-bold-italic | |
1997 @item M-g l | |
1998 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{bold-italic} face | |
1999 (@code{facemenu-set-bold-italic}). | |
2000 @kindex M-g u @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2001 @findex facemenu-set-underline | |
2002 @item M-g u | |
2003 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the @code{underline} face | |
2004 (@code{facemenu-set-underline}). | |
2005 @kindex M-g o @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2006 @findex facemenu-set-face | |
2007 @item M-g o @var{face} @key{RET} | |
2008 Set the region, or the next inserted character, to the face @var{face} | |
2009 (@code{facemenu-set-face}). | |
2010 @end table | |
2011 | |
2012 If you use these commands with a prefix argument---or, in Transient Mark | |
2013 mode, if the region is not active---then these commands specify a face | |
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2014 to use for any immediately following self-inserting input. |
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2015 @xref{Transient Mark}. This applies to both the keyboard commands and |
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2016 the menu commands. |
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2017 |
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2018 Specifying the @code{default} face also resets foreground and |
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2019 background color to their defaults.(@pxref{Format Colors}). |
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2020 |
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2021 Any self-inserting character you type inherits, by default, the face |
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2022 properties (as well as most other text properties) of the preceding |
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2023 character. Specifying any face property, including foreground or |
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2024 background color, for your next self-inserting character will prevent |
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2025 it from inheriting any face properties from the preceding character, |
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2026 although it will still inherit other text properties. Characters |
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2027 inserted by yanking do not inherit text properties. |
25829 | 2028 |
2029 Enriched mode defines two additional faces: @code{excerpt} and | |
2030 @code{fixed}. These correspond to codes used in the text/enriched file | |
2031 format. | |
2032 | |
2033 The @code{excerpt} face is intended for quotations. This face is the | |
2034 same as @code{italic} unless you customize it (@pxref{Face Customization}). | |
2035 | |
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2036 The @code{fixed} face means, ``Use a fixed-width font for this part |
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2037 of the text.'' Applying the @code{fixed} face to a part of the text |
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2038 will cause that part of the text to appear in a fixed-width font, even |
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2039 if the default font is variable-width. This applies to Emacs and to |
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2040 other systems that display text/enriched format. So if you |
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2041 specifically want a certain part of the text to use a fixed-width |
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2042 font, you should specify the @code{fixed} face for that part. |
25829 | 2043 |
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2044 By default, the @code{fixed} face looks the same as @code{bold}. |
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2045 This is an attempt to distinguish it from @code{default}. You may |
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2046 wish to customize @code{fixed} to some other fixed-width medium font. |
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2047 @xref{Face Customization}. |
25829 | 2048 |
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2049 If your terminal cannot display different faces, you will not be |
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2050 able to see them, but you can still edit documents containing faces, |
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2051 and even add faces and colors to documents. The faces you specify |
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2052 will be visible when the file is viewed on a terminal that can display |
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2053 them. |
25829 | 2054 |
2055 @node Format Colors | |
2056 @subsection Colors in Formatted Text | |
2057 | |
2058 You can specify foreground and background colors for portions of the | |
2059 text. There is a menu for specifying the foreground color and a menu | |
2060 for specifying the background color. Each color menu lists all the | |
2061 colors that you have used in Enriched mode in the current Emacs session. | |
2062 | |
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2063 If you specify a color with a prefix argument---or, in Transient |
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2064 Mark mode, if the region is not active---then it applies to any |
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2065 immediately following self-inserting input. @xref{Transient Mark}. |
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2066 Otherwise, the command applies to the region. |
25829 | 2067 |
2068 Each color menu contains one additional item: @samp{Other}. You can use | |
2069 this item to specify a color that is not listed in the menu; it reads | |
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2070 the color name with the minibuffer. To display a list of available colors |
25829 | 2071 and their names, use the @samp{Display Colors} menu item in the Text |
2072 Properties menu (@pxref{Editing Format Info}). | |
2073 | |
2074 Any color that you specify in this way, or that is mentioned in a | |
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2075 formatted text file that you read in, is added to the corresponding |
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2076 color menu for the duration of the Emacs session. |
25829 | 2077 |
2078 @findex facemenu-set-foreground | |
2079 @findex facemenu-set-background | |
2080 There are no key bindings for specifying colors, but you can do so | |
2081 with the extended commands @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-foreground} and | |
2082 @kbd{M-x facemenu-set-background}. Both of these commands read the name | |
2083 of the color with the minibuffer. | |
2084 | |
2085 @node Format Indentation | |
2086 @subsection Indentation in Formatted Text | |
2087 | |
2088 When editing formatted text, you can specify different amounts of | |
2089 indentation for the right or left margin of an entire paragraph or a | |
2090 part of a paragraph. The margins you specify automatically affect the | |
2091 Emacs fill commands (@pxref{Filling}) and line-breaking commands. | |
2092 | |
2093 The Indentation submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2094 these properties. The submenu contains four items: | |
2095 | |
2096 @table @code | |
2097 @kindex C-x TAB @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2098 @findex increase-left-margin | |
2099 @item Indent More | |
2100 Indent the region by 4 columns (@code{increase-left-margin}). In | |
2101 Enriched mode, this command is also available on @kbd{C-x @key{TAB}}; if | |
2102 you supply a numeric argument, that says how many columns to add to the | |
2103 margin (a negative argument reduces the number of columns). | |
2104 | |
2105 @item Indent Less | |
2106 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the region. | |
2107 | |
2108 @item Indent Right More | |
2109 Make the text narrower by indenting 4 columns at the right margin. | |
2110 | |
2111 @item Indent Right Less | |
2112 Remove 4 columns of indentation from the right margin. | |
2113 @end table | |
2114 | |
2115 You can use these commands repeatedly to increase or decrease the | |
2116 indentation. | |
2117 | |
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2118 The most common way to use them is to change the indentation of an |
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2119 entire paragraph. For other uses, the effects of refilling can be |
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2120 hard to predict, except in some special cases like the one described |
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2121 next. |
25829 | 2122 |
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2123 The most common other use is to format paragraphs with @dfn{hanging |
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2124 indents}, which means that the first line is indented less than |
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2125 subsequent lines. To set up a hanging indent, increase the |
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2126 indentation of the region starting after the first word of the |
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2127 paragraph and running until the end of the paragraph. |
25829 | 2128 |
2129 Indenting the first line of a paragraph is easier. Set the margin for | |
2130 the whole paragraph where you want it to be for the body of the | |
2131 paragraph, then indent the first line by inserting extra spaces or tabs. | |
2132 | |
2133 @vindex standard-indent | |
2134 The variable @code{standard-indent} specifies how many columns these | |
2135 commands should add to or subtract from the indentation. The default | |
2136 value is 4. The overall default right margin for Enriched mode is | |
2137 controlled by the variable @code{fill-column}, as usual. | |
2138 | |
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2139 @kindex C-c [ @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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2140 @kindex C-c ] @r{(Enriched mode)} |
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2141 @findex set-left-margin |
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2142 @findex set-right-margin |
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2143 There are also two commands for setting the left or right margin of |
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2144 the region absolutely: @code{set-left-margin} and |
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2145 @code{set-right-margin}. Enriched mode binds these commands to |
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2146 @kbd{C-c [} and @kbd{C-c ]}, respectively. You can specify the |
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2147 margin width either with a numeric argument or in the minibuffer. |
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2148 |
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2149 Sometimes, as a result of editing, the filling of a paragraph becomes |
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2150 messed up---parts of the paragraph may extend past the left or right |
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2151 margins. When this happens, use @kbd{M-q} (@code{fill-paragraph}) to |
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2152 refill the paragraph. |
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2153 |
25829 | 2154 The fill prefix, if any, works in addition to the specified paragraph |
2155 indentation: @kbd{C-x .} does not include the specified indentation's | |
2156 whitespace in the new value for the fill prefix, and the fill commands | |
2157 look for the fill prefix after the indentation on each line. @xref{Fill | |
2158 Prefix}. | |
2159 | |
2160 @node Format Justification | |
2161 @subsection Justification in Formatted Text | |
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2162 |
25829 | 2163 When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of |
2164 justification for a paragraph. The style you specify automatically | |
2165 affects the Emacs fill commands. | |
2166 | |
2167 The Justification submenu provides a convenient interface for specifying | |
2168 the style. The submenu contains five items: | |
2169 | |
2170 @table @code | |
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2171 @item Left |
25829 | 2172 This is the most common style of justification (at least for English). |
2173 Lines are aligned at the left margin but left uneven at the right. | |
2174 | |
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2175 @item Right |
25829 | 2176 This aligns each line with the right margin. Spaces and tabs are added |
2177 on the left, if necessary, to make lines line up on the right. | |
2178 | |
2179 @item Full | |
2180 This justifies the text, aligning both edges of each line. Justified | |
2181 text looks very nice in a printed book, where the spaces can all be | |
2182 adjusted equally, but it does not look as nice with a fixed-width font | |
2183 on the screen. Perhaps a future version of Emacs will be able to adjust | |
2184 the width of spaces in a line to achieve elegant justification. | |
2185 | |
2186 @item Center | |
2187 This centers every line between the current margins. | |
2188 | |
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2189 @item Unfilled |
25829 | 2190 This turns off filling entirely. Each line will remain as you wrote it; |
2191 the fill and auto-fill functions will have no effect on text which has | |
2192 this setting. You can, however, still indent the left margin. In | |
2193 unfilled regions, all newlines are treated as hard newlines (@pxref{Hard | |
2194 and Soft Newlines}) . | |
2195 @end table | |
2196 | |
2197 In Enriched mode, you can also specify justification from the keyboard | |
2198 using the @kbd{M-j} prefix character: | |
2199 | |
2200 @table @kbd | |
2201 @kindex M-j l @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2202 @findex set-justification-left | |
2203 @item M-j l | |
2204 Make the region left-filled (@code{set-justification-left}). | |
2205 @kindex M-j r @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2206 @findex set-justification-right | |
2207 @item M-j r | |
2208 Make the region right-filled (@code{set-justification-right}). | |
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2209 @kindex M-j b @r{(Enriched mode)} |
25829 | 2210 @findex set-justification-full |
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2211 @item M-j b |
54477 | 2212 Make the region fully justified (@code{set-justification-full}). |
25829 | 2213 @kindex M-j c @r{(Enriched mode)} |
2214 @kindex M-S @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2215 @findex set-justification-center | |
2216 @item M-j c | |
2217 @itemx M-S | |
2218 Make the region centered (@code{set-justification-center}). | |
2219 @kindex M-j u @r{(Enriched mode)} | |
2220 @findex set-justification-none | |
2221 @item M-j u | |
2222 Make the region unfilled (@code{set-justification-none}). | |
2223 @end table | |
2224 | |
2225 Justification styles apply to entire paragraphs. All the | |
2226 justification-changing commands operate on the paragraph containing | |
2227 point, or, if the region is active, on all paragraphs which overlap the | |
2228 region. | |
2229 | |
2230 @vindex default-justification | |
2231 The default justification style is specified by the variable | |
2232 @code{default-justification}. Its value should be one of the symbols | |
2233 @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}. | |
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2234 This is a per-buffer variable. Setting the variable directly affects |
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2235 only the current buffer. However, customizing it in a Custom buffer |
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2236 sets (as always) the default value for buffers that do not override it. |
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2237 @xref{Locals}, and @ref{Easy Customization}. |
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2238 |
25829 | 2239 @node Format Properties |
2240 @subsection Setting Other Text Properties | |
2241 | |
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2242 The Special Properties menu lets you add or remove three other useful text |
25829 | 2243 properties: @code{read-only}, @code{invisible} and @code{intangible}. |
2244 The @code{intangible} property disallows moving point within the text, | |
2245 the @code{invisible} text property hides text from display, and the | |
2246 @code{read-only} property disallows alteration of the text. | |
2247 | |
2248 Each of these special properties has a menu item to add it to the | |
2249 region. The last menu item, @samp{Remove Special}, removes all of these | |
2250 special properties from the text in the region. | |
2251 | |
2252 Currently, the @code{invisible} and @code{intangible} properties are | |
2253 @emph{not} saved in the text/enriched format. The @code{read-only} | |
2254 property is saved, but it is not a standard part of the text/enriched | |
2255 format, so other editors may not respect it. | |
2256 | |
2257 @node Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2258 @subsection Forcing Enriched Mode | |
2259 | |
2260 Normally, Emacs knows when you are editing formatted text because it | |
2261 recognizes the special annotations used in the file that you visited. | |
2262 However, there are situations in which you must take special actions | |
2263 to convert file contents or turn on Enriched mode: | |
2264 | |
2265 @itemize @bullet | |
2266 @item | |
2267 When you visit a file that was created with some other editor, Emacs may | |
2268 not recognize the file as being in the text/enriched format. In this | |
2269 case, when you visit the file you will see the formatting commands | |
2270 rather than the formatted text. Type @kbd{M-x format-decode-buffer} to | |
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2271 translate it. This also automatically turns on Enriched mode. |
25829 | 2272 |
2273 @item | |
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2274 When you @emph{insert} a file into a buffer, rather than visiting it, |
25829 | 2275 Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but |
2276 it does not enable Enriched mode. If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x | |
2277 enriched-mode}. | |
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2278 @end itemize |
25829 | 2279 |
2280 The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various | |
2281 formats into Emacs's internal format. It asks you to specify the format | |
2282 to translate from; however, normally you can type just @key{RET}, which | |
2283 tells Emacs to guess the format. | |
2284 | |
2285 @findex format-find-file | |
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2286 If you wish to look at a text/enriched file in its raw form, as a |
25829 | 2287 sequence of characters rather than as formatted text, use the @kbd{M-x |
2288 find-file-literally} command. This visits a file, like | |
2289 @code{find-file}, but does not do format conversion. It also inhibits | |
2290 character code conversion (@pxref{Coding Systems}) and automatic | |
2291 uncompression (@pxref{Compressed Files}). To disable format conversion | |
2292 but allow character code conversion and/or automatic uncompression if | |
2293 appropriate, use @code{format-find-file} with suitable arguments. | |
2294 | |
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2295 @node Text Based Tables |
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2296 @section Editing Text-based Tables |
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2297 @cindex table mode |
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2298 @cindex text-based tables |
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2299 |
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2300 Table Mode provides an easy and intuitive way to create and edit WYSIWYG |
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2301 text-based tables. Here is an example of such a table: |
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2302 |
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2303 @smallexample |
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2304 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2305 | Command | Description | Key Binding | |
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2306 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2307 | forward-char |Move point right N characters | C-f | |
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2308 | |(left if N is negative). | | |
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2309 | | | | |
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2310 | |On reaching end of buffer, stop | | |
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2311 | |and signal error. | | |
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2312 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2313 | backward-char |Move point left N characters | C-b | |
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2314 | |(right if N is negative). | | |
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2315 | | | | |
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2316 | |On attempt to pass beginning or | | |
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2317 | |end of buffer, stop and signal | | |
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2318 | |error. | | |
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2319 +-----------------+--------------------------------+-----------------+ |
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2320 @end smallexample |
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2321 |
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2322 Table Mode allows the contents of the table such as this one to be |
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2323 easily manipulated by inserting or deleting characters inside a cell. |
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2324 A cell is effectively a localized rectangular edit region and edits to |
57659 | 2325 a cell do not affect the contents of the surrounding cells. If the |
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2326 contents do not fit into a cell, then the cell is automatically |
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2327 expanded in the vertical and/or horizontal directions and the rest of |
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2328 the table is restructured and reformatted in accordance with the |
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2329 growth of the cell. |
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2330 |
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2331 @menu |
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2332 * Table Definition:: What is a text based table. |
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2333 * Table Creation:: How to create a table. |
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2334 * Table Recognition:: How to activate and deactivate tables. |
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2335 * Cell Commands:: Cell-oriented commands in a table. |
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2336 * Cell Justification:: Justifying cell contents. |
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2337 * Row Commands:: Manipulating rows of table cell. |
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2338 * Column Commands:: Manipulating columns of table cell. |
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|
2339 * Fixed Width Mode:: Fixing cell width. |
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2340 * Table Conversion:: Converting between plain text and tables. |
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|
2341 * Measuring Tables:: Analyzing table dimension. |
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2342 * Table Misc:: Table miscellany. |
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2343 @end menu |
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|
2344 |
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|
2345 @node Table Definition |
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|
2346 @subsection What is a Text-based Table? |
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2347 |
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2348 Look at the following examples of valid tables as a reference while |
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|
2349 you read this section: |
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|
2350 |
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|
2351 @example |
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2352 +--+----+---+ +-+ +--+-----+ |
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2353 | | | | | | | | | |
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|
2354 +--+----+---+ +-+ | +--+--+ |
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|
2355 | | | | | | | | |
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2356 +--+----+---+ +--+--+ | |
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2357 | | | |
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2358 +-----+--+ |
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2359 @end example |
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|
2360 |
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2361 A table consists of a rectangular frame and the contents inside the |
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2362 frame. A table's cells must be at least one character wide and one |
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2363 character high with two adjacent cells sharing a boarder line. A cell |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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2364 can be subdivided into multiple rectangular cells but cannot nest or |
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2365 overlap. |
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|
2366 |
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2367 Both the table frame and cell border lines must consist of one of |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2368 three special characters. The variables that hold these characters |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2369 are described below: |
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|
2370 |
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|
2371 @table @code |
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|
2372 @vindex table-cell-vertical-char |
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|
2373 @item table-cell-vertical-char |
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parents:
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|
2374 Holds the character used for vertical lines. The default value is |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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2375 @samp{|}. |
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|
2376 |
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|
2377 @vindex table-cell-horizontal-char |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2378 @item table-cell-horizontal-char |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2379 Holds the character used for horizontal lines. The default value is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2380 @samp{-}. |
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|
2381 |
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|
2382 @vindex table-cell-intersection-char |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2383 @item table-cell-intersection-char |
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parents:
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|
2384 Holds the character used at where horizontal line and vertical line |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2385 meet. The default value is @samp{+}. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2386 @end table |
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|
2387 |
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|
2388 @noindent |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2389 Based on this definition, the following five tables are examples of invalid |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2390 tables: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2391 |
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|
2392 @example |
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|
2393 +-----+ +-----+ +--+ +-++--+ ++ |
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|
2394 | | | | | | | || | ++ |
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|
2395 | +-+ | | | | | | || | |
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|
2396 | | | | +--+ | +--+--+ +-++--+ |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2397 | +-+ | | | | | | | +-++--+ |
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parents:
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|
2398 | | | | | | | | | || | |
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|
2399 +-----+ +--+--+ +--+--+ +-++--+ |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2400 a b c d e |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2401 @end example |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2402 |
9085c341d39f
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|
2403 From left to right: |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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|
2404 |
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|
2405 @enumerate a |
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|
2406 @item |
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|
2407 Nested cells are not allowed. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2408 @item |
57659 | 2409 Overlapped cells or non-rectangular cells are not allowed. |
57657
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|
2410 @item |
57659 | 2411 The border must be rectangular. |
57657
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|
2412 @item |
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|
2413 Cells must have a minimum width/height of one character. |
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|
2414 @item |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2415 Same as d. |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2416 @end enumerate |
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|
2417 |
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|
2418 @node Table Creation |
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|
2419 @subsection How to Create a Table? |
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|
2420 @cindex create a text-based table |
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|
2421 @cindex table creation |
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|
2422 |
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|
2423 @findex table-insert |
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parents:
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|
2424 The command to create a table is @code{table-insert}. When called |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2425 interactively, it asks for the number of columns, number of rows, cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
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|
2426 width and cell height. The number of columns is a number of cells |
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parents:
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|
2427 within the table's width. The number of rows is the number of cells |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
2428 within the table's height. The cell width is a number of characters |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2429 that fit within a cell width. The cell height is a number of lines |
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parents:
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diff
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|
2430 within cell height. While the number of columns and number of rows |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2431 must be an integer number, the cell width and the cell height can be |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2432 either an integer number (when the value is constant across the table) |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2433 or a series of integer numbers, separated by spaces or commas, where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2434 each number corresponds to each cell width within a row from left to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2435 right or each cell height within a column from top to bottom. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2436 |
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|
2437 @node Table Recognition |
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Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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|
2438 @subsection Table Recognition |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
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changeset
|
2439 @cindex table recognition |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2440 |
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|
2441 @findex table-recognize |
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|
2442 @findex table-unrecognize |
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parents:
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|
2443 Table Mode maintains special text properties in the buffer to allow |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2444 editing in a convenient fashion. When a buffer with tables is saved |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2445 to its file, these text properties are lost, so when you visit this |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2446 file again later, Emacs does not see a table, but just formatted text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2447 To resurrect the table text properties, issue the @kbd{M-x |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2448 table-recognize} command. It scans the current buffer, recognizes |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2449 valid table cells, and attaches appropriate text properties to allow |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2450 for table editing. The converse command, @code{table-unrecognize}, is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2451 used to remove the special text properties and revert the buffer back |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2452 to plain text. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2453 |
57659 | 2454 An optional numeric prefix argument can precede the |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2455 @code{table-recognize} command. If the argument is negative, tables |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2456 in the buffer become inactive. This is equivalent to invoking |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2457 @code{table-unrecognize}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2458 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2459 Similar functions exist to enable or disable tables within a region, |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2460 enable or disable individual tables, and enable/disable individual |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2461 cells. These commands are: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2462 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2463 @table @kbd |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2464 @findex table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2465 @item M-x table-recognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2466 Recognize tables within the current region and activate them. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2467 @findex table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2468 @item M-x table-unrecognize-region |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2469 Deactivate tables within the current region. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2470 @findex table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2471 @item M-x table-recognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2472 Recognize the table under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2473 @findex table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2474 @item M-x table-unrecognize-table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2475 Deactivate the table under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2476 @findex table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2477 @item M-x table-recognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2478 Recognize the cell under point and activate it. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2479 @findex table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2480 @item M-x table-unrecognize-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2481 Deactivate the cell under point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2482 @end table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2483 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2484 For another way of converting text into tables, see @ref{Table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2485 Conversion}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2486 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2487 @node Cell Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2488 @subsection Commands for Table Cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2489 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2490 @findex table-forward-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2491 @findex table-backward-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2492 The commands @code{table-forward-cell} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2493 @code{table-backward-cell} move point from the current cell to an |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2494 adjacent cell forward and backward respectively. The order of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2495 cell is wrapped. When point is positioned in the last cell of a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2496 table, typing @kbd{M-x table-forward-cell} moves point to the first |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2497 cell in the table. Likewise @kbd{M-x table-backward-cell} from the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2498 first cell in a table moves point to the last cell in the table. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2499 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2500 @findex table-span-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2501 The command @code{table-span-cell} spans the current cell into one |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2502 of the four directions---right, left, above or below---and merges the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2503 current cell with the adjacent cell. It does not allow directions to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2504 which spanning does not produce a legitimate cell. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2505 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2506 @findex table-split-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2507 @cindex text-based tables, split a cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2508 @cindex split table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2509 The command @code{table-split-cell} splits the current cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2510 vertically or horizontally. This command is a wrapper to the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2511 direction specific commands @code{table-split-cell-vertically} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2512 @code{table-split-cell-horizontally}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2513 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2514 @findex table-split-cell-vertically |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2515 The command @code{table-split-cell-vertically} splits the current |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2516 cell vertically and creates a pair of cells above and below where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2517 point is located. The content in the original cell is split as well. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2518 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2519 @findex table-split-cell-horizontally |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2520 The command @code{table-split-cell-horizontally} splits the current |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2521 cell horizontally and creates a pair of cells right and left of where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2522 point is located. If the subject cell to split is not empty the user |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2523 is asked how to handle the cell contents. The three options are: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2524 @code{split}, @code{left}, or @code{right}. @code{split} splits the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2525 contents at point literally while the @code{left} and @code{right} |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2526 options move the entire contents into the left or right cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2527 respectively. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2528 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2529 @cindex enlarge a table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2530 @cindex shrink a table cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2531 The next four commands enlarge or shrink a cell. These commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2532 accept numeric arguments (@pxref{Arguments}) to specify how many |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2533 columns or rows to enlarge or shrink a particular table. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2534 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2535 @table @kbd |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2536 @findex table-heighten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2537 @item M-x table-heighten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2538 Enlarge the current cell vertically. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2539 @findex table-shorten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2540 @item M-x table-shorten-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2541 Shrink the current cell vertically. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2542 @findex table-widen-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2543 @item M-x table-widen-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2544 Enlarge the current cell horizontally. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2545 @findex table-narrow-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2546 @item M-x table-narrow-cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2547 Shrink the current cell horizontally. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2548 @end table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2549 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2550 @node Cell Justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2551 @subsection Cell Justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2552 @cindex cell text justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2553 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2554 You can specify text justification for each cell. The justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2555 is remembered independently for each cell and the subsequent editing |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2556 of cell contents is subject to the specified justification. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2557 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2558 @findex table-justify |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2559 The command @code{table-justify} requests the user to specify what |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2560 to justify: a cell,a column, or a row. If you select cell |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2561 justification, this command sets the justification only to the current |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2562 cell. Selecting column or row justification set the justification to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2563 all the cells within a column or row respectively. The command then |
57659 | 2564 requests the user to enter which justification to apply: @code{left}, |
57657
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2565 @code{center}, @code{right}, @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2566 or @code{none}. The options @code{left}, @code{center}, and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2567 @code{right} specify horizontal justification while the options |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2568 @code{top}, @code{middle}, @code{bottom}, and @code{none} specify |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2569 vertical justification. The vertical justification @code{none} |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2570 effectively removes vertical justification while horizontal |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2571 justification must be one of @code{left}, @code{center}, or |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2572 @code{right}. Horizontal justification and vertical justification are |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2573 specified independently. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2574 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2575 @vindex table-detect-cell-alignment |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2576 Justification information is stored in the buffer as a part of text |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2577 property. Therefore, this information is ephemeral and does not |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2578 survive through the loss of the buffer (closing the buffer and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2579 revisiting the buffer erase any previous text properties). To |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2580 countermand for this, the command @code{table-recognize} and other |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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|
2581 recognition commands (@pxref{Table Recognition}) are equipped with a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2582 convenience feature (turned on by default). During table recognition, |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2583 the contents of a cell are examined to determine which justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2584 was originally applied to the cell and then applies this justification |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2585 to the the cell. This is a speculative algorithm and is therefore not |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2586 perfect, however, the justification is deduced correctly most of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2587 time. If you desire to disable this feature, customize the variable |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2588 @code{table-detect-cell-alignment} to set it to @code{nil}. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2589 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2590 @node Row Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2591 @subsection Commands for Table Rows |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2592 @cindex table row commands |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2593 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2594 @cindex insert row in table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2595 @findex table-insert-row |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2596 The command @code{table-insert-row} inserts a row of cells before |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2597 the current row in a table. The current row where point is located is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2598 pushed down after the newly inserted row. A numeric prefix argument |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2599 specifies the number of rows to insert. Note that in order to insert |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2600 rows @emph{after} the last row at the bottom of a table, you must |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2601 place point below the table, i.e.@: outside the table, prior to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2602 invoking this command. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2603 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2604 @cindex delete row in table |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2605 @findex table-delete-row |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2606 The command @code{table-delete-row} deletes a row of cells at point. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2607 A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of rows to delete. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2608 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2609 @node Column Commands |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2610 @subsection Commands for Table Columns |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2611 @cindex table column commands |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2612 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2613 @cindex insert column in table |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2614 @findex table-insert-column |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2615 The command @code{table-insert-column} inserts a column of cells to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2616 the left of the current row in a table. The current column where |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2617 point is located at is pushed right of the newly inserted column. To |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2618 insert a column to the right side of the right most column, place |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2619 point to the right of the rightmost column, which is outside of the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2620 table, prior to invoking this command. A numeric prefix argument |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2621 specifies the number of columns to insert. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2622 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2623 @cindex delete column in table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2624 A command @code{table-delete-column} deletes a column of cells at |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2625 point. A numeric prefix argument specifies the number of columns to |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2626 delete. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2627 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2628 @node Fixed Width Mode |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2629 @subsection Fix Width of Cells |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2630 @cindex fix width of table cells |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2631 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2632 @findex table-fixed-width-mode |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2633 The command @code{table-fixed-width-mode} toggles fixed width mode |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2634 on and off. When the fixed width mode is turned on, editing inside a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2635 cell never changes the cell width; when it is off, the cell width |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2636 expands automatically in order to prevent a word from being folded |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2637 into multiple lines. By default, the fixed width mode is turned off. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2638 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2639 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2640 @node Table Conversion |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2641 @subsection Conversion Between Plain Text and Tables |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2642 @cindex text to table |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2643 @cindex table to text |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2644 |
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parents:
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changeset
|
2645 @findex table-capture |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2646 The command @code{table-capture} captures plain text in a region and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2647 turns it into a table. Unlike @code{table-recognize} (@pxref{Table |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2648 Recognition}), the original text does not have a table appearance but |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2649 may hold a logical table structure. For example, some elements |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2650 separated by known patterns form a two dimensional structure which can |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2651 be turned into a table. Look at the numbers below. The numbers are |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2652 horizontally separated by a comma and vertically separated by a |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2653 newline character. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2654 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2655 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2656 1, 2, 3, 4 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2657 5, 6, 7, 8 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2658 , 9, 10 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2659 @end example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2660 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2661 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2662 When you invoke @kbd{M-x table-capture} on the above three-line |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2663 region, the region can be turned into the next table: |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2664 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2665 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2666 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2667 |1 |2 |3 |4 | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
2668 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2669 |5 |6 |7 |8 | |
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(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2670 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2671 | |9 |10 | | |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2672 +-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2673 @end example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2674 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2675 @noindent |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2676 where @samp{,} is used for a column delimiter regexp, a newline is |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2677 used for a row delimiter regexp, cells are left justified, and minimum |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2678 cell width is 5. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2679 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2680 @findex table-release |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2681 The command @code{table-release} does the opposite of |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2682 @code{table-capture}. It releases a table by removing the table frame |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2683 and cell borders. This leaves the table contents as plain text. One |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2684 of the useful applications of @code{table-capture} and |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2685 @code{table-release} is to edit a text in layout. Look at the |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2686 following three paragraphs (the latter two are indented with header |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2687 lines): |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2688 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2689 @example |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2690 @samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its power |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2691 requires some practice. Here is a list of items what it can do. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2692 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2693 Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2694 expression and raw delimiter regular |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2695 expression, it parses the specified text |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2696 area and extracts cell items from |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2697 non-table text and then forms a table out |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2698 of them. |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2699 |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2700 Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it |
9085c341d39f
(Text Based Tables, Table Definition)
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
57340
diff
changeset
|
2701 creates a single cell table. The text in |
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2702 the specified region is placed in that |
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2703 cell. |
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2704 @end example |
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2705 |
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2706 @noindent |
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|
2707 Applying @code{table-capture} to a region containing the above three |
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|
2708 paragraphs, with empty strings for column delimiter regexp and row |
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2709 delimiter regexp, creates a table with a single cell like the |
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2710 following one. |
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2711 |
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2712 @c The first line's right-hand frame in the following two examples |
57659 | 2713 @c sticks out to accommodate for the removal of @samp in the |
57657
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2714 @c produced output!! |
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|
2715 @example |
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|
2716 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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|
2717 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its | |
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|
2718 |power requires some practice. Here is a list of items what it | |
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2719 |can do. | |
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2720 | | |
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2721 |Parse Cell Items By using column delimiter regular | |
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|
2722 | expression and raw delimiter regular | |
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2723 | expression, it parses the specified text | |
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2724 | area and extracts cell items from | |
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2725 | non-table text and then forms a table out | |
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2726 | of them. | |
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2727 | | |
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|
2728 |Capture Text Area When no delimiters are specified it | |
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2729 | creates a single cell table. The text in | |
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|
2730 | the specified region is placed in that | |
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|
2731 | cell. | |
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|
2732 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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2733 @end example |
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2734 |
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2735 @noindent |
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2736 By splitting the cell appropriately we now have a table consisting of |
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2737 paragraphs occupying its own cell. Each cell can now be edited |
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|
2738 independently without affecting the layout of other cells. |
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2739 |
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|
2740 @example |
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|
2741 +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ |
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2742 |@samp{table-capture} is a powerful command however mastering its | |
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parents:
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|
2743 |power requires some practice. Here is a list of items what it | |
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|
2744 |can do. | |
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|
2745 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
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|
2746 |Parse Cell Items |By using column delimiter regular | |
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|
2747 | |expression and raw delimiter regular | |
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|
2748 | |expression, it parses the specified text | |
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|
2749 | |area and extracts cell items from | |
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|
2750 | |non-table text and then forms a table out | |
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|
2751 | |of them. | |
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|
2752 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
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|
2753 |Capture Text Area |When no delimiters are specified it | |
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|
2754 | |creates a single cell table. The text in | |
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|
2755 | |the specified region is placed in that | |
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|
2756 | |cell. | |
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|
2757 +---------------------+-------------------------------------------+ |
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|
2758 @end example |
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|
2759 |
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|
2760 @noindent |
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|
2761 By applying @code{table-release}, which does the opposite process, the |
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diff
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|
2762 contents become once again plain text. @code{table-release} works as |
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parents:
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|
2763 a companion command to @code{table-capture}. |
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|
2764 |
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|
2765 @node Measuring Tables |
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|
2766 @subsection Analyzing Table Dimensions |
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|
2767 @cindex table dimensions |
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|
2768 |
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|
2769 @findex table-query-dimension |
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|
2770 The command @code{table-query-dimension} analyzes a table structure |
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|
2771 and reports information regarding its dimensions. In case of the |
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|
2772 above example table, the @code{table-query-dimension} command displays |
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|
2773 in echo area: |
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|
2774 |
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|
2775 @smallexample |
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2776 Cell: (21w, 6h), Table: (67w, 16h), Dim: (2c, 3r), Total Cells: 5 |
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2777 @end smallexample |
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2778 |
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|
2779 @noindent |
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|
2780 This indicates that the current cell is 21 character wide and 6 lines |
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|
2781 high, the entire table is 67 characters wide and 16 lines high. The |
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|
2782 table has 2 columns and 3 rows. It has a total of 5 cells, since the |
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|
2783 first row has a spanned cell. |
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|
2784 |
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|
2785 @node Table Misc |
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|
2786 @subsection Table Miscellany |
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|
2787 |
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|
2788 @cindex insert string into table cells |
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|
2789 @findex table-insert-sequence |
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|
2790 The command @code{table-insert-sequence} inserts a string into each |
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|
2791 cell. Each string is a part of a sequence i.e.@: a series of |
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|
2792 increasing integer numbers. |
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|
2793 |
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|
2794 @cindex table in language format |
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|
2795 @cindex table for HTML and LaTeX |
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|
2796 @findex table-generate-source |
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|
2797 The command @code{table-generate-source} generates a table formatted |
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|
2798 for a specific markup language. It asks for a language (which must be |
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|
2799 one of @code{html}, @code{latex}, or @code{cals}), a destination |
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|
2800 buffer where to put the result, and the table caption (a string), and |
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|
2801 then inserts the generated table in the proper syntax into the |
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|
2802 destination buffer. The default destination buffer is |
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|
2803 @code{table.@var{lang}}, where @var{lang} is the language you |
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|
2804 specified. |
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|
2805 |
52401 | 2806 @ignore |
2807 arch-tag: 8db54ed8-2036-49ca-b0df-23811d03dc70 | |
2808 @end ignore |