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annotate lispref/frames.texi @ 22138:d4ac295a98b3
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author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Tue, 19 May 1998 03:45:57 +0000 |
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6547 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6547 | 4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
5 @setfilename ../info/frames | |
6 @node Frames, Positions, Windows, Top | |
7 @chapter Frames | |
8 @cindex frame | |
9 | |
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10 A @dfn{frame} is a rectangle on the screen that contains one or more |
6547 | 11 Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single main window (plus |
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12 perhaps a minibuffer window), which you can subdivide vertically or |
6547 | 13 horizontally into smaller windows. |
14 | |
15 @cindex terminal frame | |
12067 | 16 When Emacs runs on a text-only terminal, it starts with one |
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17 @dfn{terminal frame}. If you create additional ones, Emacs displays |
12067 | 18 one and only one at any given time---on the terminal screen, of course. |
19 | |
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20 @cindex window frame |
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21 When Emacs communicates directly with a supported window system, such |
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22 as X Windows, it does not have a terminal frame; instead, it starts with |
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23 a single @dfn{window frame}, but you can create more, and Emacs can |
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24 display several such frames at once as is usual for window systems. |
6547 | 25 |
26 @defun framep object | |
27 This predicate returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a frame, and | |
28 @code{nil} otherwise. | |
29 @end defun | |
30 | |
31 @menu | |
12067 | 32 * Creating Frames:: Creating additional frames. |
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33 * Multiple Displays:: Creating frames on other displays. |
6547 | 34 * Frame Parameters:: Controlling frame size, position, font, etc. |
12067 | 35 * Frame Titles:: Automatic updating of frame titles. |
6547 | 36 * Deleting Frames:: Frames last until explicitly deleted. |
37 * Finding All Frames:: How to examine all existing frames. | |
38 * Frames and Windows:: A frame contains windows; | |
39 display of text always works through windows. | |
40 * Minibuffers and Frames:: How a frame finds the minibuffer to use. | |
41 * Input Focus:: Specifying the selected frame. | |
42 * Visibility of Frames:: Frames may be visible or invisible, or icons. | |
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43 * Raising and Lowering:: Raising a frame makes it hide other windows; |
6547 | 44 lowering it makes the others hide them. |
45 * Frame Configurations:: Saving the state of all frames. | |
46 * Mouse Tracking:: Getting events that say when the mouse moves. | |
47 * Mouse Position:: Asking where the mouse is, or moving it. | |
48 * Pop-Up Menus:: Displaying a menu for the user to select from. | |
49 * Dialog Boxes:: Displaying a box to ask yes or no. | |
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50 * Pointer Shapes:: Specifying the shape of the mouse pointer. |
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51 * Window System Selections:: Transferring text to and from other X clients. |
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52 * Font Names:: Looking up font names. |
12098 | 53 * Color Names:: Getting the definitions of color names. |
6547 | 54 * Resources:: Getting resource values from the server. |
55 * Server Data:: Getting info about the X server. | |
56 @end menu | |
57 | |
58 @xref{Display}, for related information. | |
59 | |
60 @node Creating Frames | |
61 @section Creating Frames | |
62 | |
63 To create a new frame, call the function @code{make-frame}. | |
64 | |
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65 @defun make-frame &optional alist |
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66 This function creates a new frame. If you are using a supported window |
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67 system, it makes a window frame; otherwise, it makes a terminal frame. |
6547 | 68 |
69 The argument is an alist specifying frame parameters. Any parameters | |
70 not mentioned in @var{alist} default according to the value of the | |
12098 | 71 variable @code{default-frame-alist}; parameters not specified even there |
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72 default from the standard X resources or whatever is used instead on |
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73 your system. |
6547 | 74 |
75 The set of possible parameters depends in principle on what kind of | |
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76 window system Emacs uses to display its frames. @xref{Window Frame |
12067 | 77 Parameters}, for documentation of individual parameters you can specify. |
6547 | 78 @end defun |
79 | |
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80 @defvar before-make-frame-hook |
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81 @tindex before-make-frame-hook |
6547 | 82 A normal hook run by @code{make-frame} before it actually creates the |
83 frame. | |
84 @end defvar | |
85 | |
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86 @defvar after-make-frame-hook |
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87 @tindex after-make-frame-hook |
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88 An abnormal hook run by @code{make-frame} after it creates the frame. |
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89 Each function in @code{after-make-frame-hook} receives one argument, the |
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90 frame just created. |
6547 | 91 @end defvar |
92 | |
12067 | 93 @node Multiple Displays |
94 @section Multiple Displays | |
95 @cindex multiple displays | |
96 @cindex multiple X terminals | |
97 @cindex displays, multiple | |
98 | |
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99 A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Window display. |
12067 | 100 Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one chosen with the |
101 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option | |
102 (@pxref{Initial Options,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). To connect to | |
103 another display, use the command @code{make-frame-on-display} or specify | |
104 the @code{display} frame parameter when you create the frame. | |
105 | |
106 Emacs treats each X server as a separate terminal, giving each one its | |
107 own selected frame and its own minibuffer windows. A few Lisp variables | |
108 have values local to the current terminal (that is, the terminal | |
109 corresponding to the currently selected frame): these are | |
110 @code{default-minibuffer-frame}, @code{defining-kbd-macro}, | |
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111 @code{last-kbd-macro}, and @code{system-key-alist}. These variables are |
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112 always terminal-local and can never be buffer-local or frame-local |
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113 (@pxref{Buffer-Local Variables}). |
12067 | 114 |
115 A single X server can handle more than one screen. A display name | |
116 @samp{@var{host}.@var{server}.@var{screen}} has three parts; the last | |
117 part specifies the screen number for a given server. When you use two | |
118 screens belonging to one server, Emacs knows by the similarity in their | |
119 names that they share a single keyboard, and it treats them as a single | |
120 terminal. | |
121 | |
122 @deffn Command make-frame-on-display display &optional parameters | |
123 This creates a new frame on display @var{display}, taking the other | |
124 frame parameters from @var{parameters}. Aside from the @var{display} | |
125 argument, it is like @code{make-frame} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). | |
126 @end deffn | |
127 | |
128 @defun x-display-list | |
129 This returns a list that indicates which X displays Emacs has a | |
12098 | 130 connection to. The elements of the list are strings, and each one is |
131 a display name. | |
12067 | 132 @end defun |
133 | |
134 @defun x-open-connection display &optional xrm-string | |
135 This function opens a connection to the X display @var{display}. It | |
136 does not create a frame on that display, but it permits you to check | |
137 that communication can be established with that display. | |
138 | |
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139 The optional argument @var{xrm-string}, if not @code{nil}, is a |
12098 | 140 string of resource names and values, in the same format used in the |
141 @file{.Xresources} file. The values you specify override the resource | |
142 values recorded in the X server itself; they apply to all Emacs frames | |
143 created on this display. Here's an example of what this string might | |
144 look like: | |
145 | |
146 @example | |
147 "*BorderWidth: 3\n*InternalBorder: 2\n" | |
148 @end example | |
149 | |
150 @xref{Resources}. | |
12067 | 151 @end defun |
152 | |
153 @defun x-close-connection display | |
154 This function closes the connection to display @var{display}. Before | |
155 you can do this, you must first delete all the frames that were open on | |
156 that display (@pxref{Deleting Frames}). | |
157 @end defun | |
158 | |
6547 | 159 @node Frame Parameters |
160 @section Frame Parameters | |
161 | |
162 A frame has many parameters that control its appearance and behavior. | |
163 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
164 uses. | |
165 | |
166 Frame parameters exist for the sake of window systems. A terminal frame | |
12098 | 167 has a few parameters, mostly for compatibility's sake; only the height, |
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168 width, @code{name}, @code{title}, @code{buffer-list} and |
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169 @code{buffer-predicate} parameters do something special. |
6547 | 170 |
171 @menu | |
172 * Parameter Access:: How to change a frame's parameters. | |
173 * Initial Parameters:: Specifying frame parameters when you make a frame. | |
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174 * Window Frame Parameters:: List of frame parameters for window systems. |
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175 * Size and Position:: Changing the size and position of a frame. |
6547 | 176 @end menu |
177 | |
178 @node Parameter Access | |
179 @subsection Access to Frame Parameters | |
180 | |
181 These functions let you read and change the parameter values of a | |
182 frame. | |
183 | |
184 @defun frame-parameters frame | |
185 The function @code{frame-parameters} returns an alist listing all the | |
186 parameters of @var{frame} and their values. | |
187 @end defun | |
188 | |
189 @defun modify-frame-parameters frame alist | |
190 This function alters the parameters of frame @var{frame} based on the | |
191 elements of @var{alist}. Each element of @var{alist} has the form | |
192 @code{(@var{parm} . @var{value})}, where @var{parm} is a symbol naming a | |
193 parameter. If you don't mention a parameter in @var{alist}, its value | |
194 doesn't change. | |
195 @end defun | |
196 | |
197 @node Initial Parameters | |
198 @subsection Initial Frame Parameters | |
199 | |
200 You can specify the parameters for the initial startup frame | |
201 by setting @code{initial-frame-alist} in your @file{.emacs} file. | |
202 | |
203 @defvar initial-frame-alist | |
204 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
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205 the initial window frame. You can set this variable to specify the |
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206 appearance of the initial frame without altering subsequent frames. |
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207 Each element has the form: |
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208 |
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209 @example |
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210 (@var{parameter} . @var{value}) |
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211 @end example |
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212 |
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213 Emacs creates the initial frame before it reads your @file{~/.emacs} |
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214 file. After reading that file, Emacs checks @code{initial-frame-alist}, |
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215 and applies the parameter settings in the altered value to the already |
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216 created initial frame. |
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217 |
12098 | 218 If these settings affect the frame geometry and appearance, you'll see |
219 the frame appear with the wrong ones and then change to the specified | |
220 ones. If that bothers you, you can specify the same geometry and | |
221 appearance with X resources; those do take affect before the frame is | |
222 created. @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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223 |
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224 X resource settings typically apply to all frames. If you want to |
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225 specify some X resources solely for the sake of the initial frame, and |
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226 you don't want them to apply to subsequent frames, here's how to achieve |
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227 this. Specify parameters in @code{default-frame-alist} to override the |
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228 X resources for subsequent frames; then, to prevent these from affecting |
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229 the initial frame, specify the same parameters in |
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230 @code{initial-frame-alist} with values that match the X resources. |
6547 | 231 @end defvar |
232 | |
12098 | 233 If these parameters specify a separate minibuffer-only frame with |
234 @code{(minibuffer . nil)}, and you have not created one, Emacs creates | |
235 one for you. | |
6547 | 236 |
237 @defvar minibuffer-frame-alist | |
238 This variable's value is an alist of parameter values used when creating | |
239 an initial minibuffer-only frame---if such a frame is needed, according | |
240 to the parameters for the main initial frame. | |
241 @end defvar | |
242 | |
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243 @defvar default-frame-alist |
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244 This is an alist specifying default values of frame parameters for all |
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245 Emacs frames---the first frame, and subsequent frames. When using the X |
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246 Window System, you can get the same results by means of X resources |
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247 in many cases. |
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248 @end defvar |
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249 |
12098 | 250 See also @code{special-display-frame-alist}, in @ref{Choosing Window}. |
251 | |
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252 If you use options that specify window appearance when you invoke Emacs, |
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253 they take effect by adding elements to @code{default-frame-alist}. One |
12098 | 254 exception is @samp{-geometry}, which adds the specified position to |
255 @code{initial-frame-alist} instead. @xref{Command Arguments,,, emacs, | |
256 The GNU Emacs Manual}. | |
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257 |
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258 @node Window Frame Parameters |
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259 @subsection Window Frame Parameters |
6547 | 260 |
261 Just what parameters a frame has depends on what display mechanism it | |
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262 uses. Here is a table of the parameters that have special meanings in a |
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263 window frame; of these, @code{name}, @code{title}, @code{height}, |
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264 @code{width}, @code{buffer-list} and @code{buffer-predicate} provide |
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265 meaningful information in terminal frames. |
6547 | 266 |
267 @table @code | |
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268 @item display |
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269 The display on which to open this frame. It should be a string of the |
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270 form @code{"@var{host}:@var{dpy}.@var{screen}"}, just like the |
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271 @code{DISPLAY} environment variable. |
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272 |
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273 @item title |
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274 If a frame has a non-@code{nil} title, it appears in the window system's |
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275 border for the frame, and also in the mode line of windows in that frame |
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276 if @code{mode-line-frame-identification} uses @samp{%F} |
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277 (@pxref{%-Constructs}). This is normally the case when Emacs is not |
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278 using a window system, and can only display one frame at a time. |
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279 @xref{Frame Titles}. |
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280 |
6547 | 281 @item name |
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282 The name of the frame. The frame name serves as a default for the frame |
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283 title, if the @code{title} parameter is unspecified or @code{nil}. If |
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284 you don't specify a name, Emacs sets the frame name automatically |
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285 (@pxref{Frame Titles}). |
6547 | 286 |
287 If you specify the frame name explicitly when you create the frame, the | |
288 name is also used (instead of the name of the Emacs executable) when | |
289 looking up X resources for the frame. | |
290 | |
291 @item left | |
12067 | 292 The screen position of the left edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
293 left edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
294 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
295 negative @var{pos} value. | |
296 | |
297 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
298 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the right edge of the | |
12098 | 299 window with respect to the right edge of the screen. A positive value |
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300 of @var{pos} counts toward the left. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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301 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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302 positive. |
6547 | 303 |
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304 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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305 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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306 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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307 |
6547 | 308 @item top |
12067 | 309 The screen position of the top edge, in pixels, with respect to the |
310 top edge of the screen. The value may be a positive number @var{pos}, | |
311 or a list of the form @code{(+ @var{pos})} which permits specifying a | |
312 negative @var{pos} value. | |
313 | |
314 A negative number @minus{}@var{pos}, or a list of the form @code{(- | |
315 @var{pos})}, actually specifies the position of the bottom edge of the | |
12098 | 316 window with respect to the bottom edge of the screen. A positive value |
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317 of @var{pos} counts toward the top. @strong{Reminder:} if the |
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318 parameter is a negative integer @minus{}@var{pos}, then @var{pos} is |
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319 positive. |
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320 |
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321 Some window managers ignore program-specified positions. If you want to |
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322 be sure the position you specify is not ignored, specify a |
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323 non-@code{nil} value for the @code{user-position} parameter as well. |
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324 |
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325 @item icon-left |
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326 The screen position of the left edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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327 pixels, counting from the left edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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328 and when the frame is iconified. |
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329 |
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330 @item icon-top |
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331 The screen position of the top edge @emph{of the frame's icon}, in |
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332 pixels, counting from the top edge of the screen. This takes effect if |
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333 and when the frame is iconified. |
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334 |
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335 @item user-position |
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336 When you create a frame and specify its screen position with the |
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337 @code{left} and @code{top} parameters, use this parameter to say whether |
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338 the specified position was user-specified (explicitly requested in some |
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339 way by a human user) or merely program-specified (chosen by a program). |
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340 A non-@code{nil} value says the position was user-specified. |
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341 |
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342 Window managers generally heed user-specified positions, and some heed |
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343 program-specified positions too. But many ignore program-specified |
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344 positions, placing the window in a default fashion or letting the user |
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345 place it with the mouse. Some window managers, including @code{twm}, |
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346 let the user specify whether to obey program-specified positions or |
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347 ignore them. |
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348 |
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349 When you call @code{make-frame}, you should specify a non-@code{nil} |
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350 value for this parameter if the values of the @code{left} and @code{top} |
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351 parameters represent the user's stated preference; otherwise, use |
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352 @code{nil}. |
6547 | 353 |
354 @item height | |
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355 The height of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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356 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-height}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 357 |
358 @item width | |
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359 The width of the frame contents, in characters. (To get the height in |
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360 pixels, call @code{frame-pixel-width}; see @ref{Size and Position}.) |
6547 | 361 |
362 @item window-id | |
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363 The number of the window-system window used by the frame. |
6547 | 364 |
365 @item minibuffer | |
366 Whether this frame has its own minibuffer. The value @code{t} means | |
367 yes, @code{nil} means no, @code{only} means this frame is just a | |
12098 | 368 minibuffer. If the value is a minibuffer window (in some other frame), |
369 the new frame uses that minibuffer. | |
6547 | 370 |
12067 | 371 @item buffer-predicate |
372 The buffer-predicate function for this frame. The function | |
373 @code{other-buffer} uses this predicate (from the selected frame) to | |
374 decide which buffers it should consider, if the predicate is not | |
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375 @code{nil}. It calls the predicate with one argument, a buffer, once for |
12067 | 376 each buffer; if the predicate returns a non-@code{nil} value, it |
377 considers that buffer. | |
378 | |
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379 @item buffer-list |
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380 A list of buffers that have been selected in this frame, |
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381 ordered most-recently-selected first. |
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382 |
6547 | 383 @item font |
384 The name of the font for displaying text in the frame. This is a | |
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385 string, either a valid font name for your system or the name of an Emacs |
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386 fontset (@pxref{Fontsets}). |
6547 | 387 |
388 @item auto-raise | |
389 Whether selecting the frame raises it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
390 | |
391 @item auto-lower | |
392 Whether deselecting the frame lowers it (non-@code{nil} means yes). | |
393 | |
394 @item vertical-scroll-bars | |
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395 Whether the frame has scroll bars for vertical scrolling, and which side |
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396 of the frame they should be on. The possible values are @code{left}, |
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397 @code{right}, and @code{nil} for no scroll bars. |
6547 | 398 |
399 @item horizontal-scroll-bars | |
400 Whether the frame has scroll bars for horizontal scrolling | |
401 (non-@code{nil} means yes). (Horizontal scroll bars are not currently | |
402 implemented.) | |
403 | |
12067 | 404 @item scroll-bar-width |
405 The width of the vertical scroll bar, in pixels. | |
406 | |
6547 | 407 @item icon-type |
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408 The type of icon to use for this frame when it is iconified. If the |
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409 value is a string, that specifies a file containing a bitmap to use. |
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410 Any other non-@code{nil} value specifies the default bitmap icon (a |
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411 picture of a gnu); @code{nil} specifies a text icon. |
6547 | 412 |
12098 | 413 @item icon-name |
414 The name to use in the icon for this frame, when and if the icon | |
415 appears. If this is @code{nil}, the frame's title is used. | |
416 | |
6547 | 417 @item foreground-color |
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418 The color to use for the image of a character. This is a string; the |
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419 window system defines the meaningful color names. |
6547 | 420 |
421 @item background-color | |
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422 The color to use for the background of characters. |
6547 | 423 |
424 @item mouse-color | |
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425 The color for the mouse pointer. |
6547 | 426 |
427 @item cursor-color | |
428 The color for the cursor that shows point. | |
429 | |
430 @item border-color | |
431 The color for the border of the frame. | |
432 | |
433 @item cursor-type | |
12067 | 434 The way to display the cursor. The legitimate values are @code{bar}, |
435 @code{box}, and @code{(bar . @var{width})}. The symbol @code{box} | |
436 specifies an ordinary black box overlaying the character after point; | |
437 that is the default. The symbol @code{bar} specifies a vertical bar | |
438 between characters as the cursor. @code{(bar . @var{width})} specifies | |
439 a bar @var{width} pixels wide. | |
6547 | 440 |
441 @item border-width | |
442 The width in pixels of the window border. | |
443 | |
444 @item internal-border-width | |
445 The distance in pixels between text and border. | |
446 | |
447 @item unsplittable | |
448 If non-@code{nil}, this frame's window is never split automatically. | |
449 | |
450 @item visibility | |
451 The state of visibility of the frame. There are three possibilities: | |
452 @code{nil} for invisible, @code{t} for visible, and @code{icon} for | |
453 iconified. @xref{Visibility of Frames}. | |
454 | |
455 @item menu-bar-lines | |
456 The number of lines to allocate at the top of the frame for a menu bar. | |
9453 | 457 The default is 1. @xref{Menu Bar}. (In Emacs versions that use the X |
458 toolkit, there is only one menu bar line; all that matters about the | |
459 number you specify is whether it is greater than zero.) | |
6547 | 460 |
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461 @ignore |
6547 | 462 @item parent-id |
463 @c ??? Not yet working. | |
464 The X window number of the window that should be the parent of this one. | |
465 Specifying this lets you create an Emacs window inside some other | |
466 application's window. (It is not certain this will be implemented; try | |
467 it and see if it works.) | |
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468 @end ignore |
6547 | 469 @end table |
470 | |
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471 @node Size and Position |
6547 | 472 @subsection Frame Size And Position |
473 | |
474 You can read or change the size and position of a frame using the | |
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475 frame parameters @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{height}, and |
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476 @code{width}. Whatever geometry parameters you don't specify are chosen |
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477 by the window manager in its usual fashion. |
6547 | 478 |
479 Here are some special features for working with sizes and positions: | |
480 | |
481 @defun set-frame-position frame left top | |
12098 | 482 This function sets the position of the top left corner of @var{frame} to |
483 @var{left} and @var{top}. These arguments are measured in pixels, and | |
484 count from the top left corner of the screen. Negative parameter values | |
485 count up or rightward from the top left corner of the screen. | |
6547 | 486 @end defun |
487 | |
488 @defun frame-height &optional frame | |
489 @defunx frame-width &optional frame | |
490 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
491 characters. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected | |
492 frame. | |
493 @end defun | |
494 | |
495 @defun frame-pixel-height &optional frame | |
496 @defunx frame-pixel-width &optional frame | |
497 These functions return the height and width of @var{frame}, measured in | |
498 pixels. If you don't supply @var{frame}, they use the selected frame. | |
499 @end defun | |
500 | |
501 @defun frame-char-height &optional frame | |
502 @defunx frame-char-width &optional frame | |
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503 These functions return the height and width of a character in |
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504 @var{frame}, measured in pixels. The values depend on the choice of |
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505 font. If you don't supply @var{frame}, these functions use the selected |
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506 frame. |
6547 | 507 @end defun |
508 | |
509 @defun set-frame-size frame cols rows | |
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510 This function sets the size of @var{frame}, measured in characters; |
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511 @var{cols} and @var{rows} specify the new width and height. |
6547 | 512 |
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513 To set the size based on values measured in pixels, use |
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514 @code{frame-char-height} and @code{frame-char-width} to convert |
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515 them to units of characters. |
6547 | 516 @end defun |
517 | |
518 The old-fashioned functions @code{set-screen-height} and | |
519 @code{set-screen-width}, which were used to specify the height and width | |
520 of the screen in Emacs versions that did not support multiple frames, | |
521 are still usable. They apply to the selected frame. @xref{Screen | |
522 Size}. | |
523 | |
524 @defun x-parse-geometry geom | |
525 @cindex geometry specification | |
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526 The function @code{x-parse-geometry} converts a standard X Windows |
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527 geometry string to an alist that you can use as part of the argument to |
6547 | 528 @code{make-frame}. |
529 | |
530 The alist describes which parameters were specified in @var{geom}, and | |
531 gives the values specified for them. Each element looks like | |
532 @code{(@var{parameter} . @var{value})}. The possible @var{parameter} | |
533 values are @code{left}, @code{top}, @code{width}, and @code{height}. | |
534 | |
12067 | 535 For the size parameters, the value must be an integer. The position |
536 parameter names @code{left} and @code{top} are not totally accurate, | |
537 because some values indicate the position of the right or bottom edges | |
538 instead. These are the @var{value} possibilities for the position | |
539 parameters: | |
540 | |
541 @table @asis | |
542 @item an integer | |
543 A positive integer relates the left edge or top edge of the window to | |
544 the left or top edge of the screen. A negative integer relates the | |
545 right or bottom edge of the window to the right or bottom edge of the | |
546 screen. | |
547 | |
12098 | 548 @item @code{(+ @var{position})} |
12067 | 549 This specifies the position of the left or top edge of the window |
550 relative to the left or top edge of the screen. The integer | |
551 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
552 position outside the screen. | |
553 | |
12098 | 554 @item @code{(- @var{position})} |
12067 | 555 This specifies the position of the right or bottom edge of the window |
556 relative to the right or bottom edge of the screen. The integer | |
557 @var{position} may be positive or negative; a negative value specifies a | |
558 position outside the screen. | |
559 @end table | |
560 | |
561 Here is an example: | |
562 | |
12098 | 563 @example |
6547 | 564 (x-parse-geometry "35x70+0-0") |
12098 | 565 @result{} ((width . 35) (height . 70) |
566 (left . 0) (top - 0)) | |
567 @end example | |
6547 | 568 @end defun |
569 | |
570 @ignore | |
571 New functions @code{set-frame-height} and @code{set-frame-width} set the | |
572 size of a specified frame. The frame is the first argument; the size is | |
573 the second. | |
574 @end ignore | |
575 | |
12067 | 576 @node Frame Titles |
577 @section Frame Titles | |
578 | |
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579 Every frame has a @code{name} parameter; this serves as the default |
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580 for the frame title which window systems typically display at the top of |
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581 the frame. You can specify a name explicitly by setting the @code{name} |
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582 frame property. |
12067 | 583 |
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584 Normally you don't specify the name explicitly, and Emacs computes the |
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585 frame name automatically based on a template stored in the variable |
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586 @code{frame-title-format}. Emacs recomputes the name each time the |
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587 frame is redisplayed. |
12067 | 588 |
589 @defvar frame-title-format | |
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590 This variable specifies how to compute a name for a frame when you have |
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591 not explicitly specified one. The variable's value is actually a mode |
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592 line construct, just like @code{mode-line-format}. @xref{Mode Line |
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593 Data}. |
12067 | 594 @end defvar |
595 | |
596 @defvar icon-title-format | |
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597 This variable specifies how to compute the name for an iconified frame, |
12067 | 598 when you have not explicitly specified the frame title. This title |
599 appears in the icon itself. | |
600 @end defvar | |
601 | |
602 @defvar multiple-frames | |
603 This variable is set automatically by Emacs. Its value is @code{t} when | |
604 there are two or more frames (not counting minibuffer-only frames or | |
605 invisible frames). The default value of @code{frame-title-format} uses | |
606 @code{multiple-frames} so as to put the buffer name in the frame title | |
607 only when there is more than one frame. | |
608 @end defvar | |
609 | |
6547 | 610 @node Deleting Frames |
611 @section Deleting Frames | |
612 @cindex deletion of frames | |
613 | |
614 Frames remain potentially visible until you explicitly @dfn{delete} | |
615 them. A deleted frame cannot appear on the screen, but continues to | |
616 exist as a Lisp object until there are no references to it. There is no | |
617 way to cancel the deletion of a frame aside from restoring a saved frame | |
618 configuration (@pxref{Frame Configurations}); this is similar to the | |
619 way windows behave. | |
620 | |
621 @deffn Command delete-frame &optional frame | |
622 This function deletes the frame @var{frame}. By default, @var{frame} is | |
623 the selected frame. | |
624 @end deffn | |
625 | |
626 @defun frame-live-p frame | |
627 The function @code{frame-live-p} returns non-@code{nil} if the frame | |
628 @var{frame} has not been deleted. | |
629 @end defun | |
630 | |
12067 | 631 Some window managers provide a command to delete a window. These work |
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632 by sending a special message to the program that operates the window. |
12067 | 633 When Emacs gets one of these commands, it generates a |
634 @code{delete-frame} event, whose normal definition is a command that | |
635 calls the function @code{delete-frame}. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
636 | |
6547 | 637 @node Finding All Frames |
638 @section Finding All Frames | |
639 | |
640 @defun frame-list | |
641 The function @code{frame-list} returns a list of all the frames that | |
642 have not been deleted. It is analogous to @code{buffer-list} for | |
643 buffers. The list that you get is newly created, so modifying the list | |
644 doesn't have any effect on the internals of Emacs. | |
645 @end defun | |
646 | |
647 @defun visible-frame-list | |
648 This function returns a list of just the currently visible frames. | |
12067 | 649 @xref{Visibility of Frames}. (Terminal frames always count as |
650 ``visible'', even though only the selected one is actually displayed.) | |
6547 | 651 @end defun |
652 | |
653 @defun next-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
654 The function @code{next-frame} lets you cycle conveniently through all | |
655 the frames from an arbitrary starting point. It returns the ``next'' | |
656 frame after @var{frame} in the cycle. If @var{frame} is omitted or | |
657 @code{nil}, it defaults to the selected frame. | |
658 | |
659 The second argument, @var{minibuf}, says which frames to consider: | |
660 | |
661 @table @asis | |
662 @item @code{nil} | |
663 Exclude minibuffer-only frames. | |
664 @item @code{visible} | |
665 Consider all visible frames. | |
12098 | 666 @item 0 |
667 Consider all visible or iconified frames. | |
6547 | 668 @item a window |
669 Consider only the frames using that particular window as their | |
670 minibuffer. | |
671 @item anything else | |
672 Consider all frames. | |
673 @end table | |
674 @end defun | |
675 | |
676 @defun previous-frame &optional frame minibuf | |
677 Like @code{next-frame}, but cycles through all frames in the opposite | |
678 direction. | |
679 @end defun | |
680 | |
12098 | 681 See also @code{next-window} and @code{previous-window}, in @ref{Cyclic |
682 Window Ordering}. | |
683 | |
6547 | 684 @node Frames and Windows |
685 @section Frames and Windows | |
686 | |
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687 Each window is part of one and only one frame; you can get the frame |
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688 with @code{window-frame}. |
6547 | 689 |
690 @defun window-frame window | |
691 This function returns the frame that @var{window} is on. | |
692 @end defun | |
693 | |
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694 All the non-minibuffer windows in a frame are arranged in a cyclic |
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695 order. The order runs from the frame's top window, which is at the |
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696 upper left corner, down and to the right, until it reaches the window at |
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697 the lower right corner (always the minibuffer window, if the frame has |
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698 one), and then it moves back to the top. @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}. |
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699 |
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700 @defun frame-top-window frame |
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701 This returns the topmost, leftmost window of frame @var{frame}. |
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702 @end defun |
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703 |
6547 | 704 At any time, exactly one window on any frame is @dfn{selected within the |
705 frame}. The significance of this designation is that selecting the | |
706 frame also selects this window. You can get the frame's current | |
707 selected window with @code{frame-selected-window}. | |
708 | |
709 @defun frame-selected-window frame | |
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710 This function returns the window on @var{frame} that is selected within |
6547 | 711 @var{frame}. |
712 @end defun | |
713 | |
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714 Conversely, selecting a window for Emacs with @code{select-window} also |
6547 | 715 makes that window selected within its frame. @xref{Selecting Windows}. |
716 | |
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717 Another function that (usually) returns one of the windows in a given |
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718 frame is @code{minibuffer-window}. @xref{Minibuffer Misc}. |
12098 | 719 |
6547 | 720 @node Minibuffers and Frames |
721 @section Minibuffers and Frames | |
722 | |
723 Normally, each frame has its own minibuffer window at the bottom, which | |
724 is used whenever that frame is selected. If the frame has a minibuffer, | |
725 you can get it with @code{minibuffer-window} (@pxref{Minibuffer Misc}). | |
726 | |
727 However, you can also create a frame with no minibuffer. Such a frame | |
728 must use the minibuffer window of some other frame. When you create the | |
12098 | 729 frame, you can specify explicitly the minibuffer window to use (in some |
730 other frame). If you don't, then the minibuffer is found in the frame | |
731 which is the value of the variable @code{default-minibuffer-frame}. Its | |
732 value should be a frame that does have a minibuffer. | |
6547 | 733 |
734 If you use a minibuffer-only frame, you might want that frame to raise | |
735 when you enter the minibuffer. If so, set the variable | |
736 @code{minibuffer-auto-raise} to @code{t}. @xref{Raising and Lowering}. | |
737 | |
12067 | 738 @defvar default-minibuffer-frame |
739 This variable specifies the frame to use for the minibuffer window, by | |
12098 | 740 default. It is always local to the current terminal and cannot be |
12067 | 741 buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. |
742 @end defvar | |
743 | |
6547 | 744 @node Input Focus |
745 @section Input Focus | |
746 @cindex input focus | |
747 @cindex selected frame | |
748 | |
749 At any time, one frame in Emacs is the @dfn{selected frame}. The selected | |
750 window always resides on the selected frame. | |
751 | |
752 @defun selected-frame | |
753 This function returns the selected frame. | |
754 @end defun | |
755 | |
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756 Some window systems and window managers direct keyboard input to the |
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757 window object that the mouse is in; others require explicit clicks or |
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758 commands to @dfn{shift the focus} to various window objects. Either |
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759 way, Emacs automatically keeps track of which frame has the focus. |
6547 | 760 |
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761 Lisp programs can also switch frames ``temporarily'' by calling the |
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762 function @code{select-frame}. This does not alter the window system's |
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763 concept of focus; rather, it escapes from the window manager's control |
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764 until that control is somehow reasserted. |
6547 | 765 |
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766 When using a text-only terminal, only the selected terminal frame is |
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767 actually displayed on the terminal. @code{switch-frame} is the only way |
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768 to switch frames, and the change lasts until overridden by a subsequent |
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769 call to @code{switch-frame}. Each terminal screen except for the |
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770 initial one has a number, and the number of the selected frame appears |
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771 in the mode line after the word @samp{Emacs} (@pxref{Mode Line |
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772 Variables}). |
12067 | 773 |
6547 | 774 @c ??? This is not yet implemented properly. |
775 @defun select-frame frame | |
776 This function selects frame @var{frame}, temporarily disregarding the | |
12067 | 777 focus of the X server if any. The selection of @var{frame} lasts until |
778 the next time the user does something to select a different frame, or | |
779 until the next time this function is called. | |
6547 | 780 @end defun |
781 | |
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782 Emacs cooperates with the window system by arranging to select frames as |
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783 the server and window manager request. It does so by generating a |
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784 special kind of input event, called a @dfn{focus} event, when |
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785 appropriate. The command loop handles a focus event by calling |
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786 @code{handle-switch-frame}. @xref{Focus Events}. |
6547 | 787 |
788 @deffn Command handle-switch-frame frame | |
789 This function handles a focus event by selecting frame @var{frame}. | |
790 | |
791 Focus events normally do their job by invoking this command. | |
792 Don't call it for any other reason. | |
793 @end deffn | |
794 | |
795 @defun redirect-frame-focus frame focus-frame | |
796 This function redirects focus from @var{frame} to @var{focus-frame}. | |
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797 This means that @var{focus-frame} will receive subsequent keystrokes and |
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798 events intended for @var{frame}. After such an event, the value of |
6547 | 799 @code{last-event-frame} will be @var{focus-frame}. Also, switch-frame |
800 events specifying @var{frame} will instead select @var{focus-frame}. | |
801 | |
802 If @var{focus-frame} is @code{nil}, that cancels any existing | |
803 redirection for @var{frame}, which therefore once again receives its own | |
804 events. | |
805 | |
806 One use of focus redirection is for frames that don't have minibuffers. | |
807 These frames use minibuffers on other frames. Activating a minibuffer | |
808 on another frame redirects focus to that frame. This puts the focus on | |
809 the minibuffer's frame, where it belongs, even though the mouse remains | |
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810 in the frame that activated the minibuffer. |
6547 | 811 |
812 Selecting a frame can also change focus redirections. Selecting frame | |
813 @code{bar}, when @code{foo} had been selected, changes any redirections | |
814 pointing to @code{foo} so that they point to @code{bar} instead. This | |
815 allows focus redirection to work properly when the user switches from | |
816 one frame to another using @code{select-window}. | |
817 | |
818 This means that a frame whose focus is redirected to itself is treated | |
819 differently from a frame whose focus is not redirected. | |
820 @code{select-frame} affects the former but not the latter. | |
821 | |
822 The redirection lasts until @code{redirect-frame-focus} is called to | |
823 change it. | |
824 @end defun | |
825 | |
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826 @defopt focus-follows-mouse |
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827 @tindex focus-follows-mouse |
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828 This option is how you inform Emacs whether the window manager transfers |
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829 focus when the user moves the mouse. Non-@code{nil} says that it does. |
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830 When this is so, the command @code{other-frame} moves the mouse to a |
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831 position consistent with the new selected frame. |
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832 @end defopt |
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833 |
6547 | 834 @node Visibility of Frames |
835 @section Visibility of Frames | |
836 @cindex visible frame | |
837 @cindex invisible frame | |
838 @cindex iconified frame | |
839 @cindex frame visibility | |
840 | |
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841 A window frame may be @dfn{visible}, @dfn{invisible}, or |
12067 | 842 @dfn{iconified}. If it is visible, you can see its contents. If it is |
843 iconified, the frame's contents do not appear on the screen, but an icon | |
844 does. If the frame is invisible, it doesn't show on the screen, not | |
845 even as an icon. | |
846 | |
847 Visibility is meaningless for terminal frames, since only the selected | |
848 one is actually displayed in any case. | |
6547 | 849 |
850 @deffn Command make-frame-visible &optional frame | |
851 This function makes frame @var{frame} visible. If you omit @var{frame}, | |
852 it makes the selected frame visible. | |
853 @end deffn | |
854 | |
855 @deffn Command make-frame-invisible &optional frame | |
856 This function makes frame @var{frame} invisible. If you omit | |
857 @var{frame}, it makes the selected frame invisible. | |
858 @end deffn | |
859 | |
860 @deffn Command iconify-frame &optional frame | |
861 This function iconifies frame @var{frame}. If you omit @var{frame}, it | |
862 iconifies the selected frame. | |
863 @end deffn | |
864 | |
865 @defun frame-visible-p frame | |
866 This returns the visibility status of frame @var{frame}. The value is | |
867 @code{t} if @var{frame} is visible, @code{nil} if it is invisible, and | |
868 @code{icon} if it is iconified. | |
869 @end defun | |
870 | |
871 The visibility status of a frame is also available as a frame | |
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872 parameter. You can read or change it as such. @xref{Window Frame |
6547 | 873 Parameters}. |
874 | |
12067 | 875 The user can iconify and deiconify frames with the window manager. |
876 This happens below the level at which Emacs can exert any control, but | |
877 Emacs does provide events that you can use to keep track of such | |
878 changes. @xref{Misc Events}. | |
879 | |
6547 | 880 @node Raising and Lowering |
881 @section Raising and Lowering Frames | |
882 | |
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883 Most window systems use a desktop metaphor. Part of this metaphor is |
6547 | 884 the idea that windows are stacked in a notional third dimension |
885 perpendicular to the screen surface, and thus ordered from ``highest'' | |
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886 to ``lowest''. Where two windows overlap, the one higher up covers |
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887 the one underneath. Even a window at the bottom of the stack can be |
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888 seen if no other window overlaps it. |
6547 | 889 |
890 @cindex raising a frame | |
891 @cindex lowering a frame | |
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892 A window's place in this ordering is not fixed; in fact, users tend |
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893 to change the order frequently. @dfn{Raising} a window means moving |
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894 it ``up'', to the top of the stack. @dfn{Lowering} a window means |
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895 moving it to the bottom of the stack. This motion is in the notional |
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896 third dimension only, and does not change the position of the window |
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897 on the screen. |
6547 | 898 |
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899 You can raise and lower Emacs frame Windows with these functions: |
6547 | 900 |
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901 @deffn Command raise-frame &optional frame |
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902 This function raises frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
12067 | 903 @end deffn |
6547 | 904 |
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905 @deffn Command lower-frame &optional frame |
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906 This function lowers frame @var{frame} (default, the selected frame). |
12067 | 907 @end deffn |
6547 | 908 |
909 @defopt minibuffer-auto-raise | |
910 If this is non-@code{nil}, activation of the minibuffer raises the frame | |
911 that the minibuffer window is in. | |
912 @end defopt | |
913 | |
914 You can also enable auto-raise (raising automatically when a frame is | |
915 selected) or auto-lower (lowering automatically when it is deselected) | |
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916 for any frame using frame parameters. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
6547 | 917 |
918 @node Frame Configurations | |
919 @section Frame Configurations | |
920 @cindex frame configuration | |
921 | |
922 A @dfn{frame configuration} records the current arrangement of frames, | |
923 all their properties, and the window configuration of each one. | |
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924 (@xref{Window Configurations}.) |
6547 | 925 |
926 @defun current-frame-configuration | |
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927 This function returns a frame configuration list that describes |
6547 | 928 the current arrangement of frames and their contents. |
929 @end defun | |
930 | |
931 @defun set-frame-configuration configuration | |
932 This function restores the state of frames described in | |
933 @var{configuration}. | |
934 @end defun | |
935 | |
936 @node Mouse Tracking | |
937 @section Mouse Tracking | |
938 @cindex mouse tracking | |
939 @cindex tracking the mouse | |
940 | |
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941 Sometimes it is useful to @dfn{track} the mouse, which means to display |
6547 | 942 something to indicate where the mouse is and move the indicator as the |
943 mouse moves. For efficient mouse tracking, you need a way to wait until | |
944 the mouse actually moves. | |
945 | |
946 The convenient way to track the mouse is to ask for events to represent | |
947 mouse motion. Then you can wait for motion by waiting for an event. In | |
948 addition, you can easily handle any other sorts of events that may | |
949 occur. That is useful, because normally you don't want to track the | |
950 mouse forever---only until some other event, such as the release of a | |
951 button. | |
952 | |
953 @defspec track-mouse body@dots{} | |
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954 This special form executes @var{body}, with generation of mouse motion |
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955 events enabled. Typically @var{body} would use @code{read-event} to |
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956 read the motion events and modify the display accordingly. @xref{Motion |
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957 Events}, for the format of mouse motion events. |
6547 | 958 |
959 The value of @code{track-mouse} is that of the last form in @var{body}. | |
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960 You should design @var{body} to return when it sees the up-event that |
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961 indicates the release of the button, or whatever kind of event means |
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962 it is time to stop tracking. |
6547 | 963 @end defspec |
964 | |
965 The usual purpose of tracking mouse motion is to indicate on the screen | |
966 the consequences of pushing or releasing a button at the current | |
967 position. | |
968 | |
12098 | 969 In many cases, you can avoid the need to track the mouse by using |
970 the @code{mouse-face} text property (@pxref{Special Properties}). | |
971 That works at a much lower level and runs more smoothly than | |
972 Lisp-level mouse tracking. | |
973 | |
6547 | 974 @ignore |
975 @c These are not implemented yet. | |
976 | |
977 These functions change the screen appearance instantaneously. The | |
978 effect is transient, only until the next ordinary Emacs redisplay. That | |
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979 is OK for mouse tracking, since it doesn't make sense for mouse tracking |
6547 | 980 to change the text, and the body of @code{track-mouse} normally reads |
981 the events itself and does not do redisplay. | |
982 | |
983 @defun x-contour-region window beg end | |
984 This function draws lines to make a box around the text from @var{beg} | |
985 to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. | |
986 @end defun | |
987 | |
988 @defun x-uncontour-region window beg end | |
989 This function erases the lines that would make a box around the text | |
990 from @var{beg} to @var{end}, in window @var{window}. Use it to remove | |
991 a contour that you previously made by calling @code{x-contour-region}. | |
992 @end defun | |
993 | |
994 @defun x-draw-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
995 This function draws a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
996 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
997 left corner. It uses the cursor color, the one used for indicating the | |
998 location of point. | |
999 @end defun | |
1000 | |
1001 @defun x-erase-rectangle frame left top right bottom | |
1002 This function erases a hollow rectangle on frame @var{frame} with the | |
1003 specified edge coordinates, all measured in pixels from the inside top | |
1004 left corner. Erasure means redrawing the text and background that | |
1005 normally belong in the specified rectangle. | |
1006 @end defun | |
1007 @end ignore | |
1008 | |
1009 @node Mouse Position | |
1010 @section Mouse Position | |
1011 @cindex mouse position | |
1012 @cindex position of mouse | |
1013 | |
1014 The functions @code{mouse-position} and @code{set-mouse-position} | |
1015 give access to the current position of the mouse. | |
1016 | |
1017 @defun mouse-position | |
1018 This function returns a description of the position of the mouse. The | |
1019 value looks like @code{(@var{frame} @var{x} . @var{y})}, where @var{x} | |
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1020 and @var{y} are integers giving the position in characters relative to |
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1021 the top left corner of the inside of @var{frame}. |
6547 | 1022 @end defun |
1023 | |
1024 @defun set-mouse-position frame x y | |
1025 This function @dfn{warps the mouse} to position @var{x}, @var{y} in | |
1026 frame @var{frame}. The arguments @var{x} and @var{y} are integers, | |
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1027 giving the position in characters relative to the top left corner of the |
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1028 inside of @var{frame}. If @var{frame} is not visible, this function |
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1029 does nothing. The return value is not significant. |
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1030 @end defun |
6547 | 1031 |
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1032 @defun mouse-pixel-position |
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1033 This function is like @code{mouse-position} except that it returns |
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1034 coordinates in units of pixels rather than units of characters. |
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1035 @end defun |
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1036 |
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1037 @defun set-mouse-pixel-position frame x y |
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1038 This function warps the mouse like @code{set-mouse-position} except that |
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1039 @var{x} and @var{y} are in units of pixels rather than units of |
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1040 characters. These coordinates are not required to be within the frame. |
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1041 |
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1042 If @var{frame} is not visible, this function does nothing. The return |
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1043 value is not significant. |
6547 | 1044 @end defun |
1045 | |
1046 @need 3000 | |
1047 | |
1048 @node Pop-Up Menus | |
1049 @section Pop-Up Menus | |
1050 | |
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1051 When using a window system, a Lisp program can pop up a menu so that |
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1052 the user can choose an alternative with the mouse. |
12067 | 1053 |
6547 | 1054 @defun x-popup-menu position menu |
1055 This function displays a pop-up menu and returns an indication of | |
1056 what selection the user makes. | |
1057 | |
1058 The argument @var{position} specifies where on the screen to put the | |
1059 menu. It can be either a mouse button event (which says to put the menu | |
1060 where the user actuated the button) or a list of this form: | |
1061 | |
1062 @example | |
1063 ((@var{xoffset} @var{yoffset}) @var{window}) | |
1064 @end example | |
1065 | |
1066 @noindent | |
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1067 where @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are coordinates, measured in |
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1068 pixels, counting from the top left corner of @var{window}'s frame. |
6547 | 1069 |
1070 If @var{position} is @code{t}, it means to use the current mouse | |
1071 position. If @var{position} is @code{nil}, it means to precompute the | |
1072 key binding equivalents for the keymaps specified in @var{menu}, | |
1073 without actually displaying or popping up the menu. | |
1074 | |
1075 The argument @var{menu} says what to display in the menu. It can be a | |
1076 keymap or a list of keymaps (@pxref{Menu Keymaps}). Alternatively, it | |
1077 can have the following form: | |
1078 | |
1079 @example | |
1080 (@var{title} @var{pane1} @var{pane2}...) | |
1081 @end example | |
1082 | |
1083 @noindent | |
1084 where each pane is a list of form | |
1085 | |
1086 @example | |
12098 | 1087 (@var{title} (@var{line} . @var{item})...) |
6547 | 1088 @end example |
1089 | |
1090 Each @var{line} should be a string, and each @var{item} should be the | |
1091 value to return if that @var{line} is chosen. | |
1092 @end defun | |
1093 | |
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1094 @strong{Usage note:} Don't use @code{x-popup-menu} to display a menu |
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1095 if you could do the job with a prefix key defined with a menu keymap. |
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1096 If you use a menu keymap to implement a menu, @kbd{C-h c} and @kbd{C-h |
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1097 a} can see the individual items in that menu and provide help for them. |
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1098 If instead you implement the menu by defining a command that calls |
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1099 @code{x-popup-menu}, the help facilities cannot know what happens inside |
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1100 that command, so they cannot give any help for the menu's items. |
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1101 |
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1102 The menu bar mechanism, which lets you switch between submenus by |
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1103 moving the mouse, cannot look within the definition of a command to see |
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1104 that it calls @code{x-popup-menu}. Therefore, if you try to implement a |
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1105 submenu using @code{x-popup-menu}, it cannot work with the menu bar in |
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1106 an integrated fashion. This is why all menu bar submenus are |
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1107 implemented with menu keymaps within the parent menu, and never with |
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1108 @code{x-popup-menu}. @xref{Menu Bar}, |
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1109 |
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1110 If you want a menu bar submenu to have contents that vary, you should |
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1111 still use a menu keymap to implement it. To make the contents vary, add |
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1112 a hook function to @code{menu-bar-update-hook} to update the contents of |
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1113 the menu keymap as necessary. |
6547 | 1114 |
1115 @node Dialog Boxes | |
1116 @section Dialog Boxes | |
1117 @cindex dialog boxes | |
1118 | |
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1119 A dialog box is a variant of a pop-up menu---it looks a little |
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1120 different, it always appears in the center of a frame, and it has just |
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1121 one level and one pane. The main use of dialog boxes is for asking |
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1122 questions that the user can answer with ``yes'', ``no'', and a few other |
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1123 alternatives. The functions @code{y-or-n-p} and @code{yes-or-no-p} use |
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1124 dialog boxes instead of the keyboard, when called from commands invoked |
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1125 by mouse clicks. |
6547 | 1126 |
1127 @defun x-popup-dialog position contents | |
1128 This function displays a pop-up dialog box and returns an indication of | |
1129 what selection the user makes. The argument @var{contents} specifies | |
1130 the alternatives to offer; it has this format: | |
1131 | |
1132 @example | |
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1133 (@var{title} (@var{string} . @var{value})@dots{}) |
6547 | 1134 @end example |
1135 | |
1136 @noindent | |
1137 which looks like the list that specifies a single pane for | |
1138 @code{x-popup-menu}. | |
1139 | |
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1140 The return value is @var{value} from the chosen alternative. |
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1141 |
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1142 An element of the list may be just a string instead of a cons cell |
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1143 @code{(@var{string} . @var{value})}. That makes a box that cannot |
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1144 be selected. |
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1145 |
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1146 If @code{nil} appears in the list, it separates the left-hand items from |
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1147 the right-hand items; items that precede the @code{nil} appear on the |
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1148 left, and items that follow the @code{nil} appear on the right. If you |
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1149 don't include a @code{nil} in the list, then approximately half the |
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1150 items appear on each side. |
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1151 |
6547 | 1152 Dialog boxes always appear in the center of a frame; the argument |
1153 @var{position} specifies which frame. The possible values are as in | |
1154 @code{x-popup-menu}, but the precise coordinates don't matter; only the | |
1155 frame matters. | |
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1156 |
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1157 In some configurations, Emacs cannot display a real dialog box; so |
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1158 instead it displays the same items in a pop-up menu in the center of the |
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1159 frame. |
6547 | 1160 @end defun |
1161 | |
7684
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1162 @node Pointer Shapes |
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1163 @section Pointer Shapes |
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1164 @cindex pointer shape |
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1165 @cindex mouse pointer shape |
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1166 |
12067 | 1167 These variables specify which shape to use for the mouse pointer in |
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1168 various situations, when using the X Window System: |
7684
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1169 |
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1170 @table @code |
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1171 @item x-pointer-shape |
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1172 @vindex x-pointer-shape |
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1173 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use ordinarily in the Emacs |
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1174 frame. |
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1175 |
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1176 @item x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1177 @vindex x-sensitive-text-pointer-shape |
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1178 This variable specifies the pointer shape to use when the mouse |
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1179 is over mouse-sensitive text. |
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1180 @end table |
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1181 |
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1182 These variables affect newly created frames. They do not normally |
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1183 affect existing frames; however, if you set the mouse color of a frame, |
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1184 that also updates its pointer shapes based on the current values of |
21682
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1185 these variables. @xref{Window Frame Parameters}. |
7684
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1186 |
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1187 The values you can use, to specify either of these pointer shapes, are |
15061 | 1188 defined in the file @file{lisp/term/x-win.el}. Use @kbd{M-x apropos |
7684
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1189 @key{RET} x-pointer @key{RET}} to see a list of them. |
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1190 |
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1191 @node Window System Selections |
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1192 @section Window System Selections |
6547 | 1193 @cindex selection (for X windows) |
1194 | |
1195 The X server records a set of @dfn{selections} which permit transfer of | |
1196 data between application programs. The various selections are | |
1197 distinguished by @dfn{selection types}, represented in Emacs by | |
1198 symbols. X clients including Emacs can read or set the selection for | |
1199 any given type. | |
1200 | |
1201 @defun x-set-selection type data | |
1202 This function sets a ``selection'' in the X server. It takes two | |
1203 arguments: a selection type @var{type}, and the value to assign to it, | |
1204 @var{data}. If @var{data} is @code{nil}, it means to clear out the | |
1205 selection. Otherwise, @var{data} may be a string, a symbol, an integer | |
1206 (or a cons of two integers or list of two integers), an overlay, or a | |
1207 cons of two markers pointing to the same buffer. An overlay or a pair | |
1208 of markers stands for text in the overlay or between the markers. | |
1209 | |
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1210 The argument @var{data} may also be a vector of valid non-vector |
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1211 selection values. |
6547 | 1212 |
1213 Each possible @var{type} has its own selection value, which changes | |
1214 independently. The usual values of @var{type} are @code{PRIMARY} and | |
1215 @code{SECONDARY}; these are symbols with upper-case names, in accord | |
1216 with X Window System conventions. The default is @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1217 @end defun | |
1218 | |
8427
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1219 @defun x-get-selection &optional type data-type |
6547 | 1220 This function accesses selections set up by Emacs or by other X |
1221 clients. It takes two optional arguments, @var{type} and | |
1222 @var{data-type}. The default for @var{type}, the selection type, is | |
1223 @code{PRIMARY}. | |
1224 | |
1225 The @var{data-type} argument specifies the form of data conversion to | |
1226 use, to convert the raw data obtained from another X client into Lisp | |
1227 data. Meaningful values include @code{TEXT}, @code{STRING}, | |
1228 @code{TARGETS}, @code{LENGTH}, @code{DELETE}, @code{FILE_NAME}, | |
1229 @code{CHARACTER_POSITION}, @code{LINE_NUMBER}, @code{COLUMN_NUMBER}, | |
1230 @code{OWNER_OS}, @code{HOST_NAME}, @code{USER}, @code{CLASS}, | |
1231 @code{NAME}, @code{ATOM}, and @code{INTEGER}. (These are symbols with | |
1232 upper-case names in accord with X conventions.) The default for | |
1233 @var{data-type} is @code{STRING}. | |
1234 @end defun | |
1235 | |
1236 @cindex cut buffer | |
1237 The X server also has a set of numbered @dfn{cut buffers} which can | |
1238 store text or other data being moved between applications. Cut buffers | |
1239 are considered obsolete, but Emacs supports them for the sake of X | |
1240 clients that still use them. | |
1241 | |
1242 @defun x-get-cut-buffer n | |
1243 This function returns the contents of cut buffer number @var{n}. | |
1244 @end defun | |
1245 | |
1246 @defun x-set-cut-buffer string | |
1247 This function stores @var{string} into the first cut buffer (cut buffer | |
1248 0), moving the other values down through the series of cut buffers, much | |
1249 like the way successive kills in Emacs move down the kill ring. | |
1250 @end defun | |
1251 | |
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1252 @node Font Names |
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1253 @section Looking up Font Names |
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1254 |
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1255 @defun x-list-font pattern &optional face frame maximum |
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1256 This function returns a list of available font names that match |
21682
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1257 @var{pattern}. If the optional arguments @var{face} and @var{frame} are |
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1258 specified, then the list is limited to fonts that are the same size as |
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1259 @var{face} currently is on @var{frame}. |
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1260 |
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1261 The argument @var{pattern} should be a string, perhaps with wildcard |
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1262 characters: the @samp{*} character matches any substring, and the |
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1263 @samp{?} character matches any single character. Pattern matching |
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1264 of font names ignores case. |
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1265 |
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1266 If you specify @var{face} and @var{frame}, @var{face} should be a face name |
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1267 (a symbol) and @var{frame} should be a frame. |
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1268 |
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1269 The optional argument @var{maximum} sets a limit on how many fonts to |
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1270 return. If this is non-@code{nil}, then the return value is truncated |
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1271 after the first @var{maximum} matching fonts. Specifying a small value |
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1272 for @var{maximum} can make this function much faster, in cases where |
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1273 many fonts match the pattern. |
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1274 @end defun |
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1275 |
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1276 @node Fontsets |
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1277 @section Fontsets |
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1278 |
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1279 A @dfn{fontset} is a list of fonts, each assigned to a range of |
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1280 character codes. An individual font cannot display the whole range of |
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1281 characters that Emacs supports, but a fontset can. Fontsets have names, |
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1282 just as fonts do, and you can use a fontset name in place of a font name |
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1283 when you specify the ``font'' for a frame or a face. Here is |
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1284 information about defining a fontset under Lisp program control. |
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1285 |
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1286 @defun create-fontset-from-fontset-spec fontset-spec &optional style noerror |
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1287 This function defines a new fontset according to the specification |
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1288 string @var{fontset-spec}. The string should have this format: |
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1289 |
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1290 @smallexample |
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1291 @var{fontpattern}, @r{[}@var{charsetname}:@var{fontname}@r{]@dots{}} |
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1292 @end smallexample |
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1293 |
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1294 @noindent |
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1295 Whitespace characters before and after the commas are ignored. |
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1296 |
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1297 The first part of the string, @var{fontpattern}, should have the form of |
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1298 a standard X font name, except that the last two fields should be |
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1299 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}. |
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1300 |
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1301 Each fontset has two names, one long and one short. The long name is |
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1302 @var{fontpattern} in its entirety. The short name is |
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1303 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}}. You can refer to the fontset by either |
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1304 name. If a fontset with the same name already exists, an error is |
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1305 signaled, unless @var{noerror} is non-@code{nil}, in which case this |
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1306 function does nothing. |
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1307 |
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1308 The specification string also says which fonts to use in the fontset. |
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1309 See below for the details. |
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1310 @end defun |
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1311 |
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1312 If optional argument @var{style} is specified, it specifies a way to |
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1313 modify the fontset. It should be one of @code{bold}, @code{italic}, and |
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1314 @code{bold-italic}, and it says to find the bold, italic or bold-italic |
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1315 version of each font if possible. |
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1316 |
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1317 The construct @samp{@var{charset}:@var{font}} specifies which font to |
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1318 use (in this fontset) for one particular character set. Here, |
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1319 @var{charset} is the name of a character set, and @var{font} is the font |
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1320 to use for that character set. You can use this construct any number of |
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1321 times in the specification string. |
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1322 |
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1323 For the remaining character sets, those that you don't specify |
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1324 explicitly, Emacs chooses a font based on @var{fontpattern}: it replaces |
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1325 @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} with a value that names one character set. |
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1326 For the @sc{ASCII} character set, @samp{fontset-@var{alias}} is replaced |
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1327 with @samp{ISO8859-1}. |
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1328 |
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1329 In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs |
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1330 collapses them into a single wildcard. This is to prevent use of |
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1331 auto-scaled fonts. Fonts made by scaling larger fonts are not usable |
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1332 for editing, and scaling a smaller font is not useful because it is |
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1333 better to use the smaller font in its own size, which Emacs does. |
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1334 |
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1335 Thus if @var{fontpattern} is this, |
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1336 |
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1337 @example |
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1338 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24 |
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1339 @end example |
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1340 |
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1341 @noindent |
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1342 the font specification for ASCII characters would be this: |
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1343 |
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1344 @example |
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1345 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1 |
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1346 @end example |
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1347 |
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1348 @noindent |
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1349 and the font specification for Chinese GB2312 characters would be this: |
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1350 |
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1351 @example |
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1352 -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-* |
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1353 @end example |
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1354 |
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1355 You may not have any Chinese font matching the above font |
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1356 specification. Most X distributions include only Chinese fonts that |
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1357 have @samp{song ti} or @samp{fangsong ti} in @var{family} field. In |
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1358 such a case, @samp{Fontset-@var{n}} can be specified as below: |
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1359 |
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1360 @smallexample |
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1361 Emacs.Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24,\ |
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1362 chinese-gb2312:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-* |
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1363 @end smallexample |
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1364 |
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1365 @noindent |
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1366 Then, the font specifications for all but Chinese GB2312 characters have |
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1367 @samp{fixed} in the @var{family} field, and the font specification for |
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1368 Chinese GB2312 characters has a wild card @samp{*} in the @var{family} |
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1369 field. |
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1370 |
12098 | 1371 @node Color Names |
1372 @section Color Names | |
6547 | 1373 |
12676
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1374 @defun x-color-defined-p color &optional frame |
8712 | 1375 This function reports whether a color name is meaningful. It returns |
12676
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1376 @code{t} if so; otherwise, @code{nil}. The argument @var{frame} says |
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1377 which frame's display to ask about; if @var{frame} is omitted or |
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1378 @code{nil}, the selected frame is used. |
8712 | 1379 |
1380 Note that this does not tell you whether the display you are using | |
1381 really supports that color. You can ask for any defined color on any | |
1382 kind of display, and you will get some result---that is how the X server | |
1383 works. Here's an approximate way to test whether your display supports | |
1384 the color @var{color}: | |
1385 | |
1386 @example | |
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1387 (defun x-color-supported-p (color &optional frame) |
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1388 (and (x-color-defined-p color frame) |
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1389 (or (x-display-color-p frame) |
8712 | 1390 (member color '("black" "white")) |
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1391 (and (> (x-display-planes frame) 1) |
8712 | 1392 (equal color "gray"))))) |
1393 @end example | |
1394 @end defun | |
6547 | 1395 |
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1396 @defun x-color-values color &optional frame |
8712 | 1397 This function returns a value that describes what @var{color} should |
1398 ideally look like. If @var{color} is defined, the value is a list of | |
1399 three integers, which give the amount of red, the amount of green, and | |
1400 the amount of blue. Each integer ranges in principle from 0 to 65535, | |
1401 but in practice no value seems to be above 65280. If @var{color} is not | |
1402 defined, the value is @code{nil}. | |
1403 | |
1404 @example | |
1405 (x-color-values "black") | |
1406 @result{} (0 0 0) | |
1407 (x-color-values "white") | |
1408 @result{} (65280 65280 65280) | |
1409 (x-color-values "red") | |
1410 @result{} (65280 0 0) | |
1411 (x-color-values "pink") | |
1412 @result{} (65280 49152 51968) | |
1413 (x-color-values "hungry") | |
1414 @result{} nil | |
1415 @end example | |
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1416 |
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1417 The color values are returned for @var{frame}'s display. If @var{frame} |
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1418 is omitted or @code{nil}, the information is return for the selected |
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1419 frame's display. |
6547 | 1420 @end defun |
1421 | |
1422 @node Resources | |
1423 @section X Resources | |
1424 | |
12098 | 1425 @defun x-get-resource attribute class &optional component subclass |
6547 | 1426 The function @code{x-get-resource} retrieves a resource value from the X |
1427 Windows defaults database. | |
1428 | |
1429 Resources are indexed by a combination of a @dfn{key} and a @dfn{class}. | |
1430 This function searches using a key of the form | |
8427
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1431 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{attribute}} (where @var{instance} is the name |
12098 | 1432 under which Emacs was invoked), and using @samp{Emacs.@var{class}} as |
1433 the class. | |
6547 | 1434 |
1435 The optional arguments @var{component} and @var{subclass} add to the key | |
1436 and the class, respectively. You must specify both of them or neither. | |
1437 If you specify them, the key is | |
1438 @samp{@var{instance}.@var{component}.@var{attribute}}, and the class is | |
12098 | 1439 @samp{Emacs.@var{class}.@var{subclass}}. |
6547 | 1440 @end defun |
1441 | |
21007
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1442 @defvar x-resource-class |
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1443 This variable specifies the application name that @code{x-get-resource} |
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1444 should look up. The default value is @code{"Emacs"}. You can examine X |
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1445 resources for application names other than ``Emacs'' by binding this |
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1446 variable to some other string, around a call to @code{x-get-resource}. |
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1447 @end defvar |
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1448 |
12098 | 1449 @xref{Resources X,, X Resources, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6547 | 1450 |
1451 @node Server Data | |
1452 @section Data about the X Server | |
1453 | |
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1454 This section describes functions you can use to get information about |
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1455 the capabilities and origin of an X display that Emacs is using. Each |
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1456 of these functions lets you specify the display you are interested in: |
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1457 the @var{display} argument can be either a display name, or a frame |
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1458 (meaning use the display that frame is on). If you omit the |
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1459 @var{display} argument, or specify @code{nil}, that means to use the |
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1460 selected frame's display. |
6547 | 1461 |
12067 | 1462 @defun x-display-screens &optional display |
1463 This function returns the number of screens associated with the display. | |
6547 | 1464 @end defun |
1465 | |
12067 | 1466 @defun x-server-version &optional display |
1467 This function returns the list of version numbers of the X server | |
1468 running the display. | |
6547 | 1469 @end defun |
1470 | |
12067 | 1471 @defun x-server-vendor &optional display |
1472 This function returns the vendor that provided the X server software. | |
6547 | 1473 @end defun |
1474 | |
12067 | 1475 @defun x-display-pixel-height &optional display |
1476 This function returns the height of the screen in pixels. | |
6547 | 1477 @end defun |
1478 | |
12067 | 1479 @defun x-display-mm-height &optional display |
1480 This function returns the height of the screen in millimeters. | |
6547 | 1481 @end defun |
1482 | |
12067 | 1483 @defun x-display-pixel-width &optional display |
1484 This function returns the width of the screen in pixels. | |
6547 | 1485 @end defun |
1486 | |
12067 | 1487 @defun x-display-mm-width &optional display |
1488 This function returns the width of the screen in millimeters. | |
1489 @end defun | |
1490 | |
1491 @defun x-display-backing-store &optional display | |
1492 This function returns the backing store capability of the screen. | |
6547 | 1493 Values can be the symbols @code{always}, @code{when-mapped}, or |
1494 @code{not-useful}. | |
1495 @end defun | |
1496 | |
12067 | 1497 @defun x-display-save-under &optional display |
1498 This function returns non-@code{nil} if the display supports the | |
6547 | 1499 SaveUnder feature. |
1500 @end defun | |
1501 | |
12067 | 1502 @defun x-display-planes &optional display |
1503 This function returns the number of planes the display supports. | |
6547 | 1504 @end defun |
1505 | |
12067 | 1506 @defun x-display-visual-class &optional display |
1507 This function returns the visual class for the screen. The value is one | |
1508 of the symbols @code{static-gray}, @code{gray-scale}, | |
6547 | 1509 @code{static-color}, @code{pseudo-color}, @code{true-color}, and |
1510 @code{direct-color}. | |
1511 @end defun | |
1512 | |
12067 | 1513 @defun x-display-grayscale-p &optional display |
1514 This function returns @code{t} if the screen can display shades of gray. | |
6547 | 1515 @end defun |
1516 | |
12067 | 1517 @defun x-display-color-p &optional display |
1518 This function returns @code{t} if the screen is a color screen. | |
1519 @end defun | |
1520 | |
1521 @defun x-display-color-cells &optional display | |
1522 This function returns the number of color cells the screen supports. | |
6547 | 1523 @end defun |
1524 | |
1525 @ignore | |
1526 @defvar x-no-window-manager | |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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1527 This variable's value is @code{t} if no X window manager is in use. |
6547 | 1528 @end defvar |
1529 @end ignore | |
1530 | |
1531 @ignore | |
1532 @item | |
1533 The functions @code{x-pixel-width} and @code{x-pixel-height} return the | |
1534 width and height of an X Window frame, measured in pixels. | |
1535 @end ignore |