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annotate lispref/text.texi @ 79677:d4e0d70da96a
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author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Fri, 04 Jan 2008 03:01:59 +0000 |
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6558 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. | |
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, |
75348 | 4 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
6558 | 5 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. |
6 @setfilename ../info/text | |
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7 @node Text, Non-ASCII Characters, Markers, Top |
6558 | 8 @chapter Text |
9 @cindex text | |
10 | |
11 This chapter describes the functions that deal with the text in a | |
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12 buffer. Most examine, insert, or delete text in the current buffer, |
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13 often operating at point or on text adjacent to point. Many are |
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14 interactive. All the functions that change the text provide for undoing |
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15 the changes (@pxref{Undo}). |
6558 | 16 |
17 Many text-related functions operate on a region of text defined by two | |
18 buffer positions passed in arguments named @var{start} and @var{end}. | |
19 These arguments should be either markers (@pxref{Markers}) or numeric | |
20 character positions (@pxref{Positions}). The order of these arguments | |
21 does not matter; it is all right for @var{start} to be the end of the | |
22 region and @var{end} the beginning. For example, @code{(delete-region 1 | |
23 10)} and @code{(delete-region 10 1)} are equivalent. An | |
24 @code{args-out-of-range} error is signaled if either @var{start} or | |
25 @var{end} is outside the accessible portion of the buffer. In an | |
26 interactive call, point and the mark are used for these arguments. | |
27 | |
28 @cindex buffer contents | |
29 Throughout this chapter, ``text'' refers to the characters in the | |
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30 buffer, together with their properties (when relevant). Keep in mind |
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31 that point is always between two characters, and the cursor appears on |
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32 the character after point. |
6558 | 33 |
34 @menu | |
35 * Near Point:: Examining text in the vicinity of point. | |
36 * Buffer Contents:: Examining text in a general fashion. | |
37 * Comparing Text:: Comparing substrings of buffers. | |
38 * Insertion:: Adding new text to a buffer. | |
39 * Commands for Insertion:: User-level commands to insert text. | |
40 * Deletion:: Removing text from a buffer. | |
41 * User-Level Deletion:: User-level commands to delete text. | |
42 * The Kill Ring:: Where removed text sometimes is saved for later use. | |
43 * Undo:: Undoing changes to the text of a buffer. | |
44 * Maintaining Undo:: How to enable and disable undo information. | |
45 How to control how much information is kept. | |
46 * Filling:: Functions for explicit filling. | |
12098 | 47 * Margins:: How to specify margins for filling commands. |
23147 | 48 * Adaptive Fill:: Adaptive Fill mode chooses a fill prefix from context. |
6558 | 49 * Auto Filling:: How auto-fill mode is implemented to break lines. |
50 * Sorting:: Functions for sorting parts of the buffer. | |
51 * Columns:: Computing horizontal positions, and using them. | |
52 * Indentation:: Functions to insert or adjust indentation. | |
53 * Case Changes:: Case conversion of parts of the buffer. | |
54 * Text Properties:: Assigning Lisp property lists to text characters. | |
55 * Substitution:: Replacing a given character wherever it appears. | |
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56 * Transposition:: Swapping two portions of a buffer. |
6558 | 57 * Registers:: How registers are implemented. Accessing the text or |
58 position stored in a register. | |
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59 * Base 64:: Conversion to or from base 64 encoding. |
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60 * MD5 Checksum:: Compute the MD5 "message digest"/"checksum". |
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61 * Atomic Changes:: Installing several buffer changes "atomically". |
6558 | 62 * Change Hooks:: Supplying functions to be run when text is changed. |
63 @end menu | |
64 | |
65 @node Near Point | |
66 @section Examining Text Near Point | |
76841 | 67 @cindex text near point |
6558 | 68 |
69 Many functions are provided to look at the characters around point. | |
70 Several simple functions are described here. See also @code{looking-at} | |
71 in @ref{Regexp Search}. | |
72 | |
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73 In the following four functions, ``beginning'' or ``end'' of buffer |
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74 refers to the beginning or end of the accessible portion. |
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75 |
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76 @defun char-after &optional position |
6558 | 77 This function returns the character in the current buffer at (i.e., |
78 immediately after) position @var{position}. If @var{position} is out of | |
79 range for this purpose, either before the beginning of the buffer, or at | |
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80 or beyond the end, then the value is @code{nil}. The default for |
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81 @var{position} is point. |
6558 | 82 |
83 In the following example, assume that the first character in the | |
84 buffer is @samp{@@}: | |
85 | |
86 @example | |
87 @group | |
88 (char-to-string (char-after 1)) | |
89 @result{} "@@" | |
90 @end group | |
91 @end example | |
92 @end defun | |
93 | |
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94 @defun char-before &optional position |
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95 This function returns the character in the current buffer immediately |
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96 before position @var{position}. If @var{position} is out of range for |
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97 this purpose, either at or before the beginning of the buffer, or beyond |
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98 the end, then the value is @code{nil}. The default for |
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99 @var{position} is point. |
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100 @end defun |
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101 |
6558 | 102 @defun following-char |
103 This function returns the character following point in the current | |
104 buffer. This is similar to @code{(char-after (point))}. However, if | |
105 point is at the end of the buffer, then @code{following-char} returns 0. | |
106 | |
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107 Remember that point is always between characters, and the cursor |
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108 normally appears over the character following point. Therefore, the |
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109 character returned by @code{following-char} is the character the |
6558 | 110 cursor is over. |
111 | |
112 In this example, point is between the @samp{a} and the @samp{c}. | |
113 | |
114 @example | |
115 @group | |
116 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
117 Gentlemen may cry ``Pea@point{}ce! Peace!,'' | |
118 but there is no peace. | |
119 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
120 @end group | |
121 | |
122 @group | |
123 (char-to-string (preceding-char)) | |
124 @result{} "a" | |
125 (char-to-string (following-char)) | |
126 @result{} "c" | |
127 @end group | |
128 @end example | |
129 @end defun | |
130 | |
131 @defun preceding-char | |
132 This function returns the character preceding point in the current | |
133 buffer. See above, under @code{following-char}, for an example. If | |
134 point is at the beginning of the buffer, @code{preceding-char} returns | |
135 0. | |
136 @end defun | |
137 | |
138 @defun bobp | |
139 This function returns @code{t} if point is at the beginning of the | |
140 buffer. If narrowing is in effect, this means the beginning of the | |
141 accessible portion of the text. See also @code{point-min} in | |
142 @ref{Point}. | |
143 @end defun | |
144 | |
145 @defun eobp | |
146 This function returns @code{t} if point is at the end of the buffer. | |
147 If narrowing is in effect, this means the end of accessible portion of | |
148 the text. See also @code{point-max} in @xref{Point}. | |
149 @end defun | |
150 | |
151 @defun bolp | |
152 This function returns @code{t} if point is at the beginning of a line. | |
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153 @xref{Text Lines}. The beginning of the buffer (or of its accessible |
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154 portion) always counts as the beginning of a line. |
6558 | 155 @end defun |
156 | |
157 @defun eolp | |
158 This function returns @code{t} if point is at the end of a line. The | |
159 end of the buffer (or of its accessible portion) is always considered | |
160 the end of a line. | |
161 @end defun | |
162 | |
163 @node Buffer Contents | |
164 @section Examining Buffer Contents | |
165 | |
54041 | 166 This section describes functions that allow a Lisp program to |
6558 | 167 convert any portion of the text in the buffer into a string. |
168 | |
169 @defun buffer-substring start end | |
170 This function returns a string containing a copy of the text of the | |
171 region defined by positions @var{start} and @var{end} in the current | |
172 buffer. If the arguments are not positions in the accessible portion of | |
173 the buffer, @code{buffer-substring} signals an @code{args-out-of-range} | |
174 error. | |
175 | |
176 It is not necessary for @var{start} to be less than @var{end}; the | |
177 arguments can be given in either order. But most often the smaller | |
178 argument is written first. | |
179 | |
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180 Here's an example which assumes Font-Lock mode is not enabled: |
12067 | 181 |
6558 | 182 @example |
183 @group | |
184 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
185 This is the contents of buffer foo | |
186 | |
187 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
188 @end group | |
189 | |
190 @group | |
191 (buffer-substring 1 10) | |
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192 @result{} "This is t" |
6558 | 193 @end group |
194 @group | |
195 (buffer-substring (point-max) 10) | |
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196 @result{} "he contents of buffer foo\n" |
6558 | 197 @end group |
198 @end example | |
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199 |
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200 If the text being copied has any text properties, these are copied into |
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201 the string along with the characters they belong to. @xref{Text |
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202 Properties}. However, overlays (@pxref{Overlays}) in the buffer and |
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203 their properties are ignored, not copied. |
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204 |
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205 For example, if Font-Lock mode is enabled, you might get results like |
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206 these: |
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207 |
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208 @example |
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209 @group |
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210 (buffer-substring 1 10) |
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211 @result{} #("This is t" 0 1 (fontified t) 1 9 (fontified t)) |
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212 @end group |
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213 @end example |
6558 | 214 @end defun |
215 | |
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216 @defun buffer-substring-no-properties start end |
12067 | 217 This is like @code{buffer-substring}, except that it does not copy text |
218 properties, just the characters themselves. @xref{Text Properties}. | |
219 @end defun | |
220 | |
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221 @defun filter-buffer-substring start end &optional delete noprops |
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222 This function passes the buffer text between @var{start} and @var{end} |
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223 through the filter functions specified by the variable |
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224 @code{buffer-substring-filters}, and returns the value from the last |
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225 filter function. If @code{buffer-substring-filters} is @code{nil}, |
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226 the value is the unaltered text from the buffer, what |
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227 @code{buffer-substring} would return. |
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228 |
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229 If @var{delete} is non-@code{nil}, this function deletes the text |
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230 between @var{start} and @var{end} after copying it, like |
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231 @code{delete-and-extract-region}. |
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232 |
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233 If @var{noprops} is non-@code{nil}, the final string returned does not |
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234 include text properties, while the string passed through the filters |
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235 still includes text properties from the buffer text. |
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236 |
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237 Lisp code should use this function instead of @code{buffer-substring}, |
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238 @code{buffer-substring-no-properties}, |
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239 or @code{delete-and-extract-region} when copying into user-accessible |
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240 data structures such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, and registers. |
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241 Major and minor modes can add functions to |
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242 @code{buffer-substring-filters} to alter such text as it is copied out |
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243 of the buffer. |
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244 @end defun |
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245 |
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246 @defvar buffer-substring-filters |
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247 This variable should be a list of functions that accept a single |
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248 argument, a string, and return a string. |
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249 @code{filter-buffer-substring} passes the buffer substring to the |
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250 first function in this list, and the return value of each function is |
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251 passed to the next function. The return value of the last function is |
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252 used as the return value of @code{filter-buffer-substring}. |
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253 |
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254 As a special convention, point is set to the start of the buffer text |
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255 being operated on (i.e., the @var{start} argument for |
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256 @code{filter-buffer-substring}) before these functions are called. |
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257 |
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258 If this variable is @code{nil}, no filtering is performed. |
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259 @end defvar |
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260 |
6558 | 261 @defun buffer-string |
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262 This function returns the contents of the entire accessible portion of |
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263 the current buffer as a string. It is equivalent to |
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264 |
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265 @example |
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266 (buffer-substring (point-min) (point-max)) |
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267 @end example |
6558 | 268 |
269 @example | |
270 @group | |
271 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
272 This is the contents of buffer foo | |
273 | |
274 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
275 | |
276 (buffer-string) | |
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277 @result{} "This is the contents of buffer foo\n" |
6558 | 278 @end group |
279 @end example | |
280 @end defun | |
281 | |
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282 @defun current-word &optional strict really-word |
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283 This function returns the symbol (or word) at or near point, as a string. |
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284 The return value includes no text properties. |
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285 |
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286 If the optional argument @var{really-word} is non-@code{nil}, it finds a |
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287 word; otherwise, it finds a symbol (which includes both word |
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288 characters and symbol constituent characters). |
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289 |
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290 If the optional argument @var{strict} is non-@code{nil}, then point |
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291 must be in or next to the symbol or word---if no symbol or word is |
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292 there, the function returns @code{nil}. Otherwise, a nearby symbol or |
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293 word on the same line is acceptable. |
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294 @end defun |
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295 |
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296 @defun thing-at-point thing |
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297 Return the @var{thing} around or next to point, as a string. |
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298 |
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299 The argument @var{thing} is a symbol which specifies a kind of syntactic |
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300 entity. Possibilities include @code{symbol}, @code{list}, @code{sexp}, |
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301 @code{defun}, @code{filename}, @code{url}, @code{word}, @code{sentence}, |
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302 @code{whitespace}, @code{line}, @code{page}, and others. |
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303 |
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304 @example |
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305 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- |
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306 Gentlemen may cry ``Pea@point{}ce! Peace!,'' |
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307 but there is no peace. |
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308 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- |
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309 |
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310 (thing-at-point 'word) |
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311 @result{} "Peace" |
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312 (thing-at-point 'line) |
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313 @result{} "Gentlemen may cry ``Peace! Peace!,''\n" |
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314 (thing-at-point 'whitespace) |
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315 @result{} nil |
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316 @end example |
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317 @end defun |
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318 |
6558 | 319 @node Comparing Text |
320 @section Comparing Text | |
321 @cindex comparing buffer text | |
322 | |
323 This function lets you compare portions of the text in a buffer, without | |
324 copying them into strings first. | |
325 | |
326 @defun compare-buffer-substrings buffer1 start1 end1 buffer2 start2 end2 | |
327 This function lets you compare two substrings of the same buffer or two | |
328 different buffers. The first three arguments specify one substring, | |
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329 giving a buffer (or a buffer name) and two positions within the |
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330 buffer. The last three arguments specify the other substring in the |
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331 same way. You can use @code{nil} for @var{buffer1}, @var{buffer2}, or |
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332 both to stand for the current buffer. |
6558 | 333 |
334 The value is negative if the first substring is less, positive if the | |
335 first is greater, and zero if they are equal. The absolute value of | |
336 the result is one plus the index of the first differing characters | |
337 within the substrings. | |
338 | |
339 This function ignores case when comparing characters | |
12098 | 340 if @code{case-fold-search} is non-@code{nil}. It always ignores |
341 text properties. | |
6558 | 342 |
343 Suppose the current buffer contains the text @samp{foobarbar | |
344 haha!rara!}; then in this example the two substrings are @samp{rbar } | |
345 and @samp{rara!}. The value is 2 because the first substring is greater | |
346 at the second character. | |
347 | |
348 @example | |
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349 (compare-buffer-substrings nil 6 11 nil 16 21) |
6558 | 350 @result{} 2 |
351 @end example | |
352 @end defun | |
353 | |
354 @node Insertion | |
12098 | 355 @section Inserting Text |
6558 | 356 @cindex insertion of text |
357 @cindex text insertion | |
358 | |
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359 @cindex insertion before point |
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360 @cindex before point, insertion |
6558 | 361 @dfn{Insertion} means adding new text to a buffer. The inserted text |
362 goes at point---between the character before point and the character | |
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363 after point. Some insertion functions leave point before the inserted |
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364 text, while other functions leave it after. We call the former |
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365 insertion @dfn{after point} and the latter insertion @dfn{before point}. |
6558 | 366 |
367 Insertion relocates markers that point at positions after the | |
368 insertion point, so that they stay with the surrounding text | |
369 (@pxref{Markers}). When a marker points at the place of insertion, | |
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370 insertion may or may not relocate the marker, depending on the marker's |
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371 insertion type (@pxref{Marker Insertion Types}). Certain special |
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372 functions such as @code{insert-before-markers} relocate all such markers |
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373 to point after the inserted text, regardless of the markers' insertion |
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374 type. |
6558 | 375 |
376 Insertion functions signal an error if the current buffer is | |
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377 read-only or if they insert within read-only text. |
6558 | 378 |
12098 | 379 These functions copy text characters from strings and buffers along |
380 with their properties. The inserted characters have exactly the same | |
381 properties as the characters they were copied from. By contrast, | |
382 characters specified as separate arguments, not part of a string or | |
383 buffer, inherit their text properties from the neighboring text. | |
384 | |
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385 The insertion functions convert text from unibyte to multibyte in |
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386 order to insert in a multibyte buffer, and vice versa---if the text |
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387 comes from a string or from a buffer. However, they do not convert |
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388 unibyte character codes 128 through 255 to multibyte characters, not |
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389 even if the current buffer is a multibyte buffer. @xref{Converting |
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390 Representations}. |
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391 |
6558 | 392 @defun insert &rest args |
393 This function inserts the strings and/or characters @var{args} into the | |
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394 current buffer, at point, moving point forward. In other words, it |
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395 inserts the text before point. An error is signaled unless all |
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396 @var{args} are either strings or characters. The value is @code{nil}. |
6558 | 397 @end defun |
398 | |
399 @defun insert-before-markers &rest args | |
400 This function inserts the strings and/or characters @var{args} into the | |
401 current buffer, at point, moving point forward. An error is signaled | |
402 unless all @var{args} are either strings or characters. The value is | |
403 @code{nil}. | |
404 | |
405 This function is unlike the other insertion functions in that it | |
406 relocates markers initially pointing at the insertion point, to point | |
54041 | 407 after the inserted text. If an overlay begins at the insertion point, |
408 the inserted text falls outside the overlay; if a nonempty overlay | |
409 ends at the insertion point, the inserted text falls inside that | |
410 overlay. | |
6558 | 411 @end defun |
412 | |
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413 @defun insert-char character count &optional inherit |
6558 | 414 This function inserts @var{count} instances of @var{character} into the |
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415 current buffer before point. The argument @var{count} should be an |
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416 integer, and @var{character} must be a character. The value is @code{nil}. |
8644 | 417 |
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418 This function does not convert unibyte character codes 128 through 255 |
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419 to multibyte characters, not even if the current buffer is a multibyte |
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420 buffer. @xref{Converting Representations}. |
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421 |
8644 | 422 If @var{inherit} is non-@code{nil}, then the inserted characters inherit |
423 sticky text properties from the two characters before and after the | |
424 insertion point. @xref{Sticky Properties}. | |
6558 | 425 @end defun |
426 | |
427 @defun insert-buffer-substring from-buffer-or-name &optional start end | |
428 This function inserts a portion of buffer @var{from-buffer-or-name} | |
429 (which must already exist) into the current buffer before point. The | |
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430 text inserted is the region between @var{start} and @var{end}. (These |
6558 | 431 arguments default to the beginning and end of the accessible portion of |
432 that buffer.) This function returns @code{nil}. | |
433 | |
434 In this example, the form is executed with buffer @samp{bar} as the | |
435 current buffer. We assume that buffer @samp{bar} is initially empty. | |
436 | |
437 @example | |
438 @group | |
439 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
440 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all | |
441 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
442 @end group | |
443 | |
444 @group | |
445 (insert-buffer-substring "foo" 1 20) | |
446 @result{} nil | |
447 | |
448 ---------- Buffer: bar ---------- | |
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449 We hold these truth@point{} |
6558 | 450 ---------- Buffer: bar ---------- |
451 @end group | |
452 @end example | |
453 @end defun | |
454 | |
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455 @defun insert-buffer-substring-no-properties from-buffer-or-name &optional start end |
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456 This is like @code{insert-buffer-substring} except that it does not |
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457 copy any text properties. |
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458 @end defun |
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459 |
6558 | 460 @xref{Sticky Properties}, for other insertion functions that inherit |
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461 text properties from the nearby text in addition to inserting it. |
8644 | 462 Whitespace inserted by indentation functions also inherits text |
463 properties. | |
6558 | 464 |
465 @node Commands for Insertion | |
466 @section User-Level Insertion Commands | |
467 | |
468 This section describes higher-level commands for inserting text, | |
469 commands intended primarily for the user but useful also in Lisp | |
470 programs. | |
471 | |
472 @deffn Command insert-buffer from-buffer-or-name | |
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473 This command inserts the entire accessible contents of |
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474 @var{from-buffer-or-name} (which must exist) into the current buffer |
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475 after point. It leaves the mark after the inserted text. The value |
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476 is @code{nil}. |
6558 | 477 @end deffn |
478 | |
479 @deffn Command self-insert-command count | |
480 @cindex character insertion | |
481 @cindex self-insertion | |
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482 This command inserts the last character typed; it does so @var{count} |
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483 times, before point, and returns @code{nil}. Most printing characters |
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484 are bound to this command. In routine use, @code{self-insert-command} |
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485 is the most frequently called function in Emacs, but programs rarely use |
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486 it except to install it on a keymap. |
6558 | 487 |
488 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument. | |
489 | |
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490 Self-insertion translates the input character through |
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491 @code{translation-table-for-input}. @xref{Translation of Characters}. |
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492 |
12067 | 493 This command calls @code{auto-fill-function} whenever that is |
28843 | 494 non-@code{nil} and the character inserted is in the table |
495 @code{auto-fill-chars} (@pxref{Auto Filling}). | |
6558 | 496 |
497 @c Cross refs reworded to prevent overfull hbox. --rjc 15mar92 | |
12067 | 498 This command performs abbrev expansion if Abbrev mode is enabled and |
6558 | 499 the inserted character does not have word-constituent |
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500 syntax. (@xref{Abbrevs}, and @ref{Syntax Class Table}.) It is also |
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501 responsible for calling @code{blink-paren-function} when the inserted |
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502 character has close parenthesis syntax (@pxref{Blinking}). |
25875 | 503 |
504 Do not try substituting your own definition of | |
505 @code{self-insert-command} for the standard one. The editor command | |
506 loop handles this function specially. | |
6558 | 507 @end deffn |
508 | |
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509 @deffn Command newline &optional number-of-newlines |
6558 | 510 This command inserts newlines into the current buffer before point. |
511 If @var{number-of-newlines} is supplied, that many newline characters | |
512 are inserted. | |
513 | |
514 @cindex newline and Auto Fill mode | |
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515 This function calls @code{auto-fill-function} if the current column |
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516 number is greater than the value of @code{fill-column} and |
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517 @var{number-of-newlines} is @code{nil}. Typically what |
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518 @code{auto-fill-function} does is insert a newline; thus, the overall |
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519 result in this case is to insert two newlines at different places: one |
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520 at point, and another earlier in the line. @code{newline} does not |
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521 auto-fill if @var{number-of-newlines} is non-@code{nil}. |
6558 | 522 |
12098 | 523 This command indents to the left margin if that is not zero. |
524 @xref{Margins}. | |
525 | |
6558 | 526 The value returned is @code{nil}. In an interactive call, @var{count} |
527 is the numeric prefix argument. | |
528 @end deffn | |
529 | |
530 @defvar overwrite-mode | |
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531 This variable controls whether overwrite mode is in effect. The value |
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532 should be @code{overwrite-mode-textual}, @code{overwrite-mode-binary}, |
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533 or @code{nil}. @code{overwrite-mode-textual} specifies textual |
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534 overwrite mode (treats newlines and tabs specially), and |
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535 @code{overwrite-mode-binary} specifies binary overwrite mode (treats |
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536 newlines and tabs like any other characters). |
6558 | 537 @end defvar |
538 | |
539 @node Deletion | |
12098 | 540 @section Deleting Text |
76841 | 541 @cindex text deletion |
6558 | 542 |
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543 @cindex deleting text vs killing |
6558 | 544 Deletion means removing part of the text in a buffer, without saving |
545 it in the kill ring (@pxref{The Kill Ring}). Deleted text can't be | |
546 yanked, but can be reinserted using the undo mechanism (@pxref{Undo}). | |
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547 Some deletion functions do save text in the kill ring in some special |
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548 cases. |
6558 | 549 |
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550 All of the deletion functions operate on the current buffer. |
6558 | 551 |
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552 @deffn Command erase-buffer |
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553 This function deletes the entire text of the current buffer |
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554 (@emph{not} just the accessible portion), leaving it |
6558 | 555 empty. If the buffer is read-only, it signals a @code{buffer-read-only} |
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556 error; if some of the text in it is read-only, it signals a |
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557 @code{text-read-only} error. Otherwise, it deletes the text without |
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558 asking for any confirmation. It returns @code{nil}. |
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559 |
6558 | 560 Normally, deleting a large amount of text from a buffer inhibits further |
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561 auto-saving of that buffer ``because it has shrunk.'' However, |
6558 | 562 @code{erase-buffer} does not do this, the idea being that the future |
563 text is not really related to the former text, and its size should not | |
564 be compared with that of the former text. | |
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565 @end deffn |
6558 | 566 |
567 @deffn Command delete-region start end | |
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568 This command deletes the text between positions @var{start} and |
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569 @var{end} in the current buffer, and returns @code{nil}. If point was |
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570 inside the deleted region, its value afterward is @var{start}. |
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571 Otherwise, point relocates with the surrounding text, as markers do. |
6558 | 572 @end deffn |
573 | |
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574 @defun delete-and-extract-region start end |
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575 This function deletes the text between positions @var{start} and |
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576 @var{end} in the current buffer, and returns a string containing the |
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577 text just deleted. |
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578 |
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579 If point was inside the deleted region, its value afterward is |
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580 @var{start}. Otherwise, point relocates with the surrounding text, as |
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581 markers do. |
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582 @end defun |
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583 |
6558 | 584 @deffn Command delete-char count &optional killp |
585 This command deletes @var{count} characters directly after point, or | |
586 before point if @var{count} is negative. If @var{killp} is | |
587 non-@code{nil}, then it saves the deleted characters in the kill ring. | |
588 | |
589 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument, and | |
590 @var{killp} is the unprocessed prefix argument. Therefore, if a prefix | |
591 argument is supplied, the text is saved in the kill ring. If no prefix | |
592 argument is supplied, then one character is deleted, but not saved in | |
593 the kill ring. | |
594 | |
595 The value returned is always @code{nil}. | |
596 @end deffn | |
597 | |
598 @deffn Command delete-backward-char count &optional killp | |
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599 @cindex deleting previous char |
6558 | 600 This command deletes @var{count} characters directly before point, or |
601 after point if @var{count} is negative. If @var{killp} is | |
602 non-@code{nil}, then it saves the deleted characters in the kill ring. | |
603 | |
604 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument, and | |
605 @var{killp} is the unprocessed prefix argument. Therefore, if a prefix | |
606 argument is supplied, the text is saved in the kill ring. If no prefix | |
607 argument is supplied, then one character is deleted, but not saved in | |
608 the kill ring. | |
609 | |
610 The value returned is always @code{nil}. | |
611 @end deffn | |
612 | |
613 @deffn Command backward-delete-char-untabify count &optional killp | |
614 @cindex tab deletion | |
615 This command deletes @var{count} characters backward, changing tabs | |
616 into spaces. When the next character to be deleted is a tab, it is | |
617 first replaced with the proper number of spaces to preserve alignment | |
618 and then one of those spaces is deleted instead of the tab. If | |
619 @var{killp} is non-@code{nil}, then the command saves the deleted | |
620 characters in the kill ring. | |
621 | |
622 Conversion of tabs to spaces happens only if @var{count} is positive. | |
623 If it is negative, exactly @minus{}@var{count} characters after point | |
624 are deleted. | |
625 | |
626 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument, and | |
627 @var{killp} is the unprocessed prefix argument. Therefore, if a prefix | |
628 argument is supplied, the text is saved in the kill ring. If no prefix | |
629 argument is supplied, then one character is deleted, but not saved in | |
630 the kill ring. | |
631 | |
632 The value returned is always @code{nil}. | |
633 @end deffn | |
634 | |
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635 @defopt backward-delete-char-untabify-method |
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636 This option specifies how @code{backward-delete-char-untabify} should |
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637 deal with whitespace. Possible values include @code{untabify}, the |
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638 default, meaning convert a tab to many spaces and delete one; |
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639 @code{hungry}, meaning delete all tabs and spaces before point with |
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640 one command; @code{all} meaning delete all tabs, spaces and newlines |
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641 before point, and @code{nil}, meaning do nothing special for |
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642 whitespace characters. |
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643 @end defopt |
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644 |
6558 | 645 @node User-Level Deletion |
646 @section User-Level Deletion Commands | |
647 | |
648 This section describes higher-level commands for deleting text, | |
649 commands intended primarily for the user but useful also in Lisp | |
650 programs. | |
651 | |
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652 @deffn Command delete-horizontal-space &optional backward-only |
6558 | 653 @cindex deleting whitespace |
654 This function deletes all spaces and tabs around point. It returns | |
655 @code{nil}. | |
656 | |
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657 If @var{backward-only} is non-@code{nil}, the function deletes |
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658 spaces and tabs before point, but not after point. |
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659 |
6558 | 660 In the following examples, we call @code{delete-horizontal-space} four |
661 times, once on each line, with point between the second and third | |
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662 characters on the line each time. |
6558 | 663 |
664 @example | |
665 @group | |
666 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
667 I @point{}thought | |
668 I @point{} thought | |
669 We@point{} thought | |
670 Yo@point{}u thought | |
671 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
672 @end group | |
673 | |
674 @group | |
675 (delete-horizontal-space) ; @r{Four times.} | |
676 @result{} nil | |
677 | |
678 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
679 Ithought | |
680 Ithought | |
681 Wethought | |
682 You thought | |
683 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
684 @end group | |
685 @end example | |
686 @end deffn | |
687 | |
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688 @deffn Command delete-indentation &optional join-following-p |
6558 | 689 This function joins the line point is on to the previous line, deleting |
690 any whitespace at the join and in some cases replacing it with one | |
691 space. If @var{join-following-p} is non-@code{nil}, | |
692 @code{delete-indentation} joins this line to the following line | |
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693 instead. The function returns @code{nil}. |
6558 | 694 |
695 If there is a fill prefix, and the second of the lines being joined | |
696 starts with the prefix, then @code{delete-indentation} deletes the | |
12098 | 697 fill prefix before joining the lines. @xref{Margins}. |
6558 | 698 |
699 In the example below, point is located on the line starting | |
700 @samp{events}, and it makes no difference if there are trailing spaces | |
701 in the preceding line. | |
702 | |
703 @smallexample | |
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704 @group |
6558 | 705 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- |
706 When in the course of human | |
707 @point{} events, it becomes necessary | |
708 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
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709 @end group |
6558 | 710 |
711 (delete-indentation) | |
712 @result{} nil | |
713 | |
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714 @group |
6558 | 715 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- |
716 When in the course of human@point{} events, it becomes necessary | |
717 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
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718 @end group |
6558 | 719 @end smallexample |
720 | |
721 After the lines are joined, the function @code{fixup-whitespace} is | |
722 responsible for deciding whether to leave a space at the junction. | |
723 @end deffn | |
724 | |
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725 @deffn Command fixup-whitespace |
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726 This function replaces all the horizontal whitespace surrounding point |
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727 with either one space or no space, according to the context. It |
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728 returns @code{nil}. |
6558 | 729 |
730 At the beginning or end of a line, the appropriate amount of space is | |
731 none. Before a character with close parenthesis syntax, or after a | |
732 character with open parenthesis or expression-prefix syntax, no space is | |
733 also appropriate. Otherwise, one space is appropriate. @xref{Syntax | |
734 Class Table}. | |
735 | |
736 In the example below, @code{fixup-whitespace} is called the first time | |
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737 with point before the word @samp{spaces} in the first line. For the |
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738 second invocation, point is directly after the @samp{(}. |
6558 | 739 |
740 @smallexample | |
741 @group | |
742 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
743 This has too many @point{}spaces | |
744 This has too many spaces at the start of (@point{} this list) | |
745 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
746 @end group | |
747 | |
748 @group | |
749 (fixup-whitespace) | |
750 @result{} nil | |
751 (fixup-whitespace) | |
752 @result{} nil | |
753 @end group | |
754 | |
755 @group | |
756 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
757 This has too many spaces | |
758 This has too many spaces at the start of (this list) | |
759 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
760 @end group | |
761 @end smallexample | |
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762 @end deffn |
6558 | 763 |
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764 @deffn Command just-one-space &optional n |
6558 | 765 @comment !!SourceFile simple.el |
766 This command replaces any spaces and tabs around point with a single | |
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767 space, or @var{n} spaces if @var{n} is specified. It returns |
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768 @code{nil}. |
6558 | 769 @end deffn |
770 | |
771 @deffn Command delete-blank-lines | |
772 This function deletes blank lines surrounding point. If point is on a | |
773 blank line with one or more blank lines before or after it, then all but | |
774 one of them are deleted. If point is on an isolated blank line, then it | |
775 is deleted. If point is on a nonblank line, the command deletes all | |
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776 blank lines immediately following it. |
6558 | 777 |
778 A blank line is defined as a line containing only tabs and spaces. | |
779 | |
780 @code{delete-blank-lines} returns @code{nil}. | |
781 @end deffn | |
782 | |
783 @node The Kill Ring | |
784 @section The Kill Ring | |
785 @cindex kill ring | |
786 | |
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787 @dfn{Kill functions} delete text like the deletion functions, but save |
6558 | 788 it so that the user can reinsert it by @dfn{yanking}. Most of these |
789 functions have @samp{kill-} in their name. By contrast, the functions | |
790 whose names start with @samp{delete-} normally do not save text for | |
791 yanking (though they can still be undone); these are ``deletion'' | |
792 functions. | |
793 | |
794 Most of the kill commands are primarily for interactive use, and are | |
795 not described here. What we do describe are the functions provided for | |
796 use in writing such commands. You can use these functions to write | |
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797 commands for killing text. When you need to delete text for internal |
6558 | 798 purposes within a Lisp function, you should normally use deletion |
799 functions, so as not to disturb the kill ring contents. | |
800 @xref{Deletion}. | |
801 | |
802 Killed text is saved for later yanking in the @dfn{kill ring}. This | |
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803 is a list that holds a number of recent kills, not just the last text |
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804 kill. We call this a ``ring'' because yanking treats it as having |
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805 elements in a cyclic order. The list is kept in the variable |
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806 @code{kill-ring}, and can be operated on with the usual functions for |
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807 lists; there are also specialized functions, described in this section, |
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808 that treat it as a ring. |
6558 | 809 |
810 Some people think this use of the word ``kill'' is unfortunate, since | |
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811 it refers to operations that specifically @emph{do not} destroy the |
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812 entities ``killed.'' This is in sharp contrast to ordinary life, in |
6558 | 813 which death is permanent and ``killed'' entities do not come back to |
814 life. Therefore, other metaphors have been proposed. For example, the | |
815 term ``cut ring'' makes sense to people who, in pre-computer days, used | |
816 scissors and paste to cut up and rearrange manuscripts. However, it | |
817 would be difficult to change the terminology now. | |
818 | |
819 @menu | |
820 * Kill Ring Concepts:: What text looks like in the kill ring. | |
821 * Kill Functions:: Functions that kill text. | |
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822 * Yanking:: How yanking is done. |
6558 | 823 * Yank Commands:: Commands that access the kill ring. |
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824 * Low-Level Kill Ring:: Functions and variables for kill ring access. |
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825 * Internals of Kill Ring:: Variables that hold kill ring data. |
6558 | 826 @end menu |
827 | |
828 @node Kill Ring Concepts | |
829 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
830 @subsection Kill Ring Concepts | |
831 | |
832 The kill ring records killed text as strings in a list, most recent | |
833 first. A short kill ring, for example, might look like this: | |
834 | |
835 @example | |
836 ("some text" "a different piece of text" "even older text") | |
837 @end example | |
838 | |
839 @noindent | |
840 When the list reaches @code{kill-ring-max} entries in length, adding a | |
841 new entry automatically deletes the last entry. | |
842 | |
843 When kill commands are interwoven with other commands, each kill | |
844 command makes a new entry in the kill ring. Multiple kill commands in | |
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845 succession build up a single kill ring entry, which would be yanked as a |
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846 unit; the second and subsequent consecutive kill commands add text to |
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847 the entry made by the first one. |
6558 | 848 |
849 For yanking, one entry in the kill ring is designated the ``front'' of | |
850 the ring. Some yank commands ``rotate'' the ring by designating a | |
851 different element as the ``front.'' But this virtual rotation doesn't | |
852 change the list itself---the most recent entry always comes first in the | |
853 list. | |
854 | |
855 @node Kill Functions | |
856 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
857 @subsection Functions for Killing | |
858 | |
859 @code{kill-region} is the usual subroutine for killing text. Any | |
860 command that calls this function is a ``kill command'' (and should | |
861 probably have @samp{kill} in its name). @code{kill-region} puts the | |
862 newly killed text in a new element at the beginning of the kill ring or | |
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863 adds it to the most recent element. It determines automatically (using |
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864 @code{last-command}) whether the previous command was a kill command, |
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865 and if so appends the killed text to the most recent entry. |
6558 | 866 |
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867 @deffn Command kill-region start end &optional yank-handler |
6558 | 868 This function kills the text in the region defined by @var{start} and |
12098 | 869 @var{end}. The text is deleted but saved in the kill ring, along with |
870 its text properties. The value is always @code{nil}. | |
6558 | 871 |
872 In an interactive call, @var{start} and @var{end} are point and | |
873 the mark. | |
874 | |
875 @c Emacs 19 feature | |
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876 If the buffer or text is read-only, @code{kill-region} modifies the kill |
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877 ring just the same, then signals an error without modifying the buffer. |
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878 This is convenient because it lets the user use a series of kill |
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879 commands to copy text from a read-only buffer into the kill ring. |
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880 |
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881 If @var{yank-handler} is non-@code{nil}, this puts that value onto |
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882 the string of killed text, as a @code{yank-handler} text property. |
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883 @xref{Yanking}. Note that if @var{yank-handler} is @code{nil}, any |
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884 @code{yank-handler} properties present on the killed text are copied |
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885 onto the kill ring, like other text properties. |
6558 | 886 @end deffn |
887 | |
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888 @defopt kill-read-only-ok |
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889 If this option is non-@code{nil}, @code{kill-region} does not signal an |
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890 error if the buffer or text is read-only. Instead, it simply returns, |
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891 updating the kill ring but not changing the buffer. |
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892 @end defopt |
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893 |
6558 | 894 @deffn Command copy-region-as-kill start end |
895 This command saves the region defined by @var{start} and @var{end} on | |
12098 | 896 the kill ring (including text properties), but does not delete the text |
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897 from the buffer. It returns @code{nil}. |
6558 | 898 |
12067 | 899 The command does not set @code{this-command} to @code{kill-region}, so a |
900 subsequent kill command does not append to the same kill ring entry. | |
901 | |
6558 | 902 Don't call @code{copy-region-as-kill} in Lisp programs unless you aim to |
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903 support Emacs 18. For newer Emacs versions, it is better to use |
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904 @code{kill-new} or @code{kill-append} instead. @xref{Low-Level Kill |
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905 Ring}. |
6558 | 906 @end deffn |
907 | |
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908 @node Yanking |
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909 @subsection Yanking |
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910 |
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911 Yanking means inserting text from the kill ring, but it does |
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912 not insert the text blindly. Yank commands and some other commands |
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913 use @code{insert-for-yank} to perform special processing on the |
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914 text that they copy into the buffer. |
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915 |
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916 @defun insert-for-yank string |
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917 This function normally works like @code{insert} except that it doesn't |
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918 insert the text properties in the @code{yank-excluded-properties} |
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919 list. However, if any part of @var{string} has a non-@code{nil} |
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920 @code{yank-handler} text property, that property can do various |
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921 special processing on that part of the text being inserted. |
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922 @end defun |
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923 |
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924 @defun insert-buffer-substring-as-yank buf &optional start end |
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925 This function resembles @code{insert-buffer-substring} except that it |
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926 doesn't insert the text properties in the |
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927 @code{yank-excluded-properties} list. |
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928 @end defun |
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929 |
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930 You can put a @code{yank-handler} text property on all or part of |
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931 the text to control how it will be inserted if it is yanked. The |
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932 @code{insert-for-yank} function looks for that property. The property |
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933 value must be a list of one to four elements, with the following |
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934 format (where elements after the first may be omitted): |
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935 |
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936 @example |
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937 (@var{function} @var{param} @var{noexclude} @var{undo}) |
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938 @end example |
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939 |
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940 Here is what the elements do: |
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941 |
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|
942 @table @var |
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|
943 @item function |
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944 When @var{function} is present and non-@code{nil}, it is called instead of |
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945 @code{insert} to insert the string. @var{function} takes one |
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|
946 argument---the string to insert. |
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|
947 |
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|
948 @item param |
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|
949 If @var{param} is present and non-@code{nil}, it replaces @var{string} |
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950 (or the part of @var{string} being processed) as the object passed to |
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951 @var{function} (or @code{insert}); for example, if @var{function} is |
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952 @code{yank-rectangle}, @var{param} should be a list of strings to |
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953 insert as a rectangle. |
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954 |
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955 @item noexclude |
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956 If @var{noexclude} is present and non-@code{nil}, the normal removal of the |
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957 yank-excluded-properties is not performed; instead @var{function} is |
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958 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary |
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959 if @var{function} adjusts point before or after inserting the object. |
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960 |
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|
961 @item undo |
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962 If @var{undo} is present and non-@code{nil}, it is a function that will be |
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963 called by @code{yank-pop} to undo the insertion of the current object. |
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964 It is called with two arguments, the start and end of the current |
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965 region. @var{function} can set @code{yank-undo-function} to override |
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966 the @var{undo} value. |
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967 @end table |
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968 |
6558 | 969 @node Yank Commands |
970 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
971 @subsection Functions for Yanking | |
972 | |
72381
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* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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|
973 This section describes higher-level commands for yanking, which are |
4300054c252b
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974 intended primarily for the user but useful also in Lisp programs. |
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* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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|
975 Both @code{yank} and @code{yank-pop} honor the |
4300054c252b
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|
976 @code{yank-excluded-properties} variable and @code{yank-handler} text |
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|
977 property (@pxref{Yanking}). |
6558 | 978 |
979 @deffn Command yank &optional arg | |
980 @cindex inserting killed text | |
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981 This command inserts before point the text at the front of the |
6558 | 982 kill ring. It positions the mark at the beginning of that text, and |
983 point at the end. | |
984 | |
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985 If @var{arg} is a non-@code{nil} list (which occurs interactively when |
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|
986 the user types @kbd{C-u} with no digits), then @code{yank} inserts the |
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|
987 text as described above, but puts point before the yanked text and |
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|
988 puts the mark after it. |
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|
989 |
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|
990 If @var{arg} is a number, then @code{yank} inserts the @var{arg}th |
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|
991 most recently killed text---the @var{arg}th element of the kill ring |
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992 list, counted cyclically from the front, which is considered the |
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|
993 first element for this purpose. |
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|
994 |
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995 @code{yank} does not alter the contents of the kill ring, unless it |
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996 used text provided by another program, in which case it pushes that text |
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|
997 onto the kill ring. However if @var{arg} is an integer different from |
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|
998 one, it rotates the kill ring to place the yanked string at the front. |
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|
999 |
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1000 @code{yank} returns @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1001 @end deffn |
1002 | |
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|
1003 @deffn Command yank-pop &optional arg |
6558 | 1004 This command replaces the just-yanked entry from the kill ring with a |
1005 different entry from the kill ring. | |
1006 | |
1007 This is allowed only immediately after a @code{yank} or another | |
1008 @code{yank-pop}. At such a time, the region contains text that was just | |
1009 inserted by yanking. @code{yank-pop} deletes that text and inserts in | |
1010 its place a different piece of killed text. It does not add the deleted | |
1011 text to the kill ring, since it is already in the kill ring somewhere. | |
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|
1012 It does however rotate the kill ring to place the newly yanked string at |
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|
1013 the front. |
6558 | 1014 |
1015 If @var{arg} is @code{nil}, then the replacement text is the previous | |
1016 element of the kill ring. If @var{arg} is numeric, the replacement is | |
1017 the @var{arg}th previous kill. If @var{arg} is negative, a more recent | |
1018 kill is the replacement. | |
1019 | |
1020 The sequence of kills in the kill ring wraps around, so that after the | |
1021 oldest one comes the newest one, and before the newest one goes the | |
1022 oldest. | |
1023 | |
22138
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*** empty log message ***
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1024 The return value is always @code{nil}. |
6558 | 1025 @end deffn |
1026 | |
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1027 @defvar yank-undo-function |
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|
1028 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the function @code{yank-pop} uses |
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|
1029 its value instead of @code{delete-region} to delete the text |
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|
1030 inserted by the previous @code{yank} or |
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|
1031 @code{yank-pop} command. The value must be a function of two |
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|
1032 arguments, the start and end of the current region. |
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|
1033 |
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|
1034 The function @code{insert-for-yank} automatically sets this variable |
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|
1035 according to the @var{undo} element of the @code{yank-handler} |
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|
1036 text property, if there is one. |
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|
1037 @end defvar |
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|
1038 |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
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|
1039 @node Low-Level Kill Ring |
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|
1040 @subsection Low-Level Kill Ring |
6558 | 1041 |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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|
1042 These functions and variables provide access to the kill ring at a |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1043 lower level, but still convenient for use in Lisp programs, because they |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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|
1044 take care of interaction with window system selections |
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*** empty log message ***
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|
1045 (@pxref{Window System Selections}). |
6558 | 1046 |
1047 @defun current-kill n &optional do-not-move | |
22138
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*** empty log message ***
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1048 The function @code{current-kill} rotates the yanking pointer, which |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
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|
1049 designates the ``front'' of the kill ring, by @var{n} places (from newer |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
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1050 kills to older ones), and returns the text at that place in the ring. |
6558 | 1051 |
1052 If the optional second argument @var{do-not-move} is non-@code{nil}, | |
1053 then @code{current-kill} doesn't alter the yanking pointer; it just | |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
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|
1054 returns the @var{n}th kill, counting from the current yanking pointer. |
6558 | 1055 |
1056 If @var{n} is zero, indicating a request for the latest kill, | |
1057 @code{current-kill} calls the value of | |
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|
1058 @code{interprogram-paste-function} (documented below) before |
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|
1059 consulting the kill ring. If that value is a function and calling it |
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|
1060 returns a string, @code{current-kill} pushes that string onto the kill |
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|
1061 ring and returns it. It also sets the yanking pointer to point to |
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|
1062 that new entry, regardless of the value of @var{do-not-move}. |
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|
1063 Otherwise, @code{current-kill} does not treat a zero value for @var{n} |
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1064 specially: it returns the entry pointed at by the yanking pointer and |
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|
1065 does not move the yanking pointer. |
6558 | 1066 @end defun |
1067 | |
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1068 @defun kill-new string &optional replace yank-handler |
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1069 This function pushes the text @var{string} onto the kill ring and |
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1070 makes the yanking pointer point to it. It discards the oldest entry |
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1071 if appropriate. It also invokes the value of |
6558 | 1072 @code{interprogram-cut-function} (see below). |
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1073 |
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1074 If @var{replace} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{kill-new} replaces the |
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|
1075 first element of the kill ring with @var{string}, rather than pushing |
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1076 @var{string} onto the kill ring. |
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1077 |
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1078 If @var{yank-handler} is non-@code{nil}, this puts that value onto |
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|
1079 the string of killed text, as a @code{yank-handler} property. |
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|
1080 @xref{Yanking}. Note that if @var{yank-handler} is @code{nil}, then |
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1081 @code{kill-new} copies any @code{yank-handler} properties present on |
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1082 @var{string} onto the kill ring, as it does with other text properties. |
6558 | 1083 @end defun |
1084 | |
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1085 @defun kill-append string before-p &optional yank-handler |
6558 | 1086 This function appends the text @var{string} to the first entry in the |
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1087 kill ring and makes the yanking pointer point to the combined entry. |
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1088 Normally @var{string} goes at the end of the entry, but if |
6558 | 1089 @var{before-p} is non-@code{nil}, it goes at the beginning. This |
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1090 function also invokes the value of @code{interprogram-cut-function} |
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1091 (see below). This handles @var{yank-handler} just like |
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1092 @code{kill-new}, except that if @var{yank-handler} is different from |
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1093 the @code{yank-handler} property of the first entry of the kill ring, |
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1094 @code{kill-append} pushes the concatenated string onto the kill ring, |
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1095 instead of replacing the original first entry with it. |
6558 | 1096 @end defun |
1097 | |
1098 @defvar interprogram-paste-function | |
1099 This variable provides a way of transferring killed text from other | |
1100 programs, when you are using a window system. Its value should be | |
1101 @code{nil} or a function of no arguments. | |
1102 | |
1103 If the value is a function, @code{current-kill} calls it to get the | |
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1104 ``most recent kill.'' If the function returns a non-@code{nil} value, |
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1105 then that value is used as the ``most recent kill.'' If it returns |
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1106 @code{nil}, then the front of the kill ring is used. |
6558 | 1107 |
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1108 The normal use of this hook is to get the window system's primary |
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1109 selection as the most recent kill, even if the selection belongs to |
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1110 another application. @xref{Window System Selections}. |
6558 | 1111 @end defvar |
1112 | |
1113 @defvar interprogram-cut-function | |
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1114 This variable provides a way of communicating killed text to other |
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1115 programs, when you are using a window system. Its value should be |
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1116 @code{nil} or a function of one required and one optional argument. |
6558 | 1117 |
1118 If the value is a function, @code{kill-new} and @code{kill-append} call | |
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1119 it with the new first element of the kill ring as the first argument. |
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1120 The second, optional, argument has the same meaning as the @var{push} |
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1121 argument to @code{x-set-cut-buffer} (@pxref{Definition of |
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1122 x-set-cut-buffer}) and only affects the second and later cut buffers. |
6558 | 1123 |
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1124 The normal use of this hook is to set the window system's primary |
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1125 selection (and first cut buffer) from the newly killed text. |
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1126 @xref{Window System Selections}. |
6558 | 1127 @end defvar |
1128 | |
1129 @node Internals of Kill Ring | |
1130 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
1131 @subsection Internals of the Kill Ring | |
1132 | |
1133 The variable @code{kill-ring} holds the kill ring contents, in the | |
1134 form of a list of strings. The most recent kill is always at the front | |
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1135 of the list. |
6558 | 1136 |
1137 The @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} variable points to a link in the | |
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1138 kill ring list, whose @sc{car} is the text to yank next. We say it |
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1139 identifies the ``front'' of the ring. Moving |
6558 | 1140 @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} to a different link is called |
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1141 @dfn{rotating the kill ring}. We call the kill ring a ``ring'' because |
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1142 the functions that move the yank pointer wrap around from the end of the |
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1143 list to the beginning, or vice-versa. Rotation of the kill ring is |
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1144 virtual; it does not change the value of @code{kill-ring}. |
6558 | 1145 |
1146 Both @code{kill-ring} and @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} are Lisp | |
1147 variables whose values are normally lists. The word ``pointer'' in the | |
1148 name of the @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} indicates that the variable's | |
1149 purpose is to identify one element of the list for use by the next yank | |
1150 command. | |
1151 | |
1152 The value of @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} is always @code{eq} to one | |
1153 of the links in the kill ring list. The element it identifies is the | |
1154 @sc{car} of that link. Kill commands, which change the kill ring, also | |
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1155 set this variable to the value of @code{kill-ring}. The effect is to |
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1156 rotate the ring so that the newly killed text is at the front. |
6558 | 1157 |
1158 Here is a diagram that shows the variable @code{kill-ring-yank-pointer} | |
1159 pointing to the second entry in the kill ring @code{("some text" "a | |
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1160 different piece of text" "yet older text")}. |
6558 | 1161 |
1162 @example | |
1163 @group | |
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1164 kill-ring ---- kill-ring-yank-pointer |
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1165 | | |
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1166 | v |
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1167 | --- --- --- --- --- --- |
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1168 --> | | |------> | | |--> | | |--> nil |
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1169 --- --- --- --- --- --- |
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1170 | | | |
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1171 | | | |
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1172 | | -->"yet older text" |
6558 | 1173 | | |
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1174 | --> "a different piece of text" |
6558 | 1175 | |
1176 --> "some text" | |
1177 @end group | |
1178 @end example | |
1179 | |
1180 @noindent | |
1181 This state of affairs might occur after @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank}) | |
1182 immediately followed by @kbd{M-y} (@code{yank-pop}). | |
1183 | |
1184 @defvar kill-ring | |
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1185 This variable holds the list of killed text sequences, most recently |
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1186 killed first. |
6558 | 1187 @end defvar |
1188 | |
1189 @defvar kill-ring-yank-pointer | |
1190 This variable's value indicates which element of the kill ring is at the | |
1191 ``front'' of the ring for yanking. More precisely, the value is a tail | |
1192 of the value of @code{kill-ring}, and its @sc{car} is the kill string | |
1193 that @kbd{C-y} should yank. | |
1194 @end defvar | |
1195 | |
1196 @defopt kill-ring-max | |
1197 The value of this variable is the maximum length to which the kill | |
1198 ring can grow, before elements are thrown away at the end. The default | |
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1199 value for @code{kill-ring-max} is 60. |
6558 | 1200 @end defopt |
1201 | |
1202 @node Undo | |
1203 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
1204 @section Undo | |
1205 @cindex redo | |
1206 | |
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1207 Most buffers have an @dfn{undo list}, which records all changes made |
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1208 to the buffer's text so that they can be undone. (The buffers that |
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1209 don't have one are usually special-purpose buffers for which Emacs |
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1210 assumes that undoing is not useful. In particular, any buffer whose |
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* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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1211 name begins with a space has its undo recording off by default; |
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1212 see @ref{Buffer Names}.) All the primitives that modify the |
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1213 text in the buffer automatically add elements to the front of the undo |
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1214 list, which is in the variable @code{buffer-undo-list}. |
6558 | 1215 |
1216 @defvar buffer-undo-list | |
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1217 This buffer-local variable's value is the undo list of the current |
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1218 buffer. A value of @code{t} disables the recording of undo information. |
6558 | 1219 @end defvar |
1220 | |
1221 Here are the kinds of elements an undo list can have: | |
1222 | |
1223 @table @code | |
22252
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1224 @item @var{position} |
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1225 This kind of element records a previous value of point; undoing this |
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1226 element moves point to @var{position}. Ordinary cursor motion does not |
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1227 make any sort of undo record, but deletion operations use these entries |
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1228 to record where point was before the command. |
6558 | 1229 |
1230 @item (@var{beg} . @var{end}) | |
1231 This kind of element indicates how to delete text that was inserted. | |
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1232 Upon insertion, the text occupied the range @var{beg}--@var{end} in the |
6558 | 1233 buffer. |
1234 | |
10364 | 1235 @item (@var{text} . @var{position}) |
6558 | 1236 This kind of element indicates how to reinsert text that was deleted. |
10364 | 1237 The deleted text itself is the string @var{text}. The place to |
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1238 reinsert it is @code{(abs @var{position})}. If @var{position} is |
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1239 positive, point was at the beginning of the deleted text, otherwise it |
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1240 was at the end. |
6558 | 1241 |
1242 @item (t @var{high} . @var{low}) | |
1243 This kind of element indicates that an unmodified buffer became | |
1244 modified. The elements @var{high} and @var{low} are two integers, each | |
1245 recording 16 bits of the visited file's modification time as of when it | |
1246 was previously visited or saved. @code{primitive-undo} uses those | |
1247 values to determine whether to mark the buffer as unmodified once again; | |
1248 it does so only if the file's modification time matches those numbers. | |
1249 | |
1250 @item (nil @var{property} @var{value} @var{beg} . @var{end}) | |
1251 This kind of element records a change in a text property. | |
1252 Here's how you might undo the change: | |
1253 | |
1254 @example | |
1255 (put-text-property @var{beg} @var{end} @var{property} @var{value}) | |
1256 @end example | |
1257 | |
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1258 @item (@var{marker} . @var{adjustment}) |
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1259 This kind of element records the fact that the marker @var{marker} was |
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1260 relocated due to deletion of surrounding text, and that it moved |
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1261 @var{adjustment} character positions. Undoing this element moves |
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1262 @var{marker} @minus{} @var{adjustment} characters. |
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1263 |
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1264 @item (apply @var{funname} . @var{args}) |
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1265 This is an extensible undo item, which is undone by calling |
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1266 @var{funname} with arguments @var{args}. |
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1267 |
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1268 @item (apply @var{delta} @var{beg} @var{end} @var{funname} . @var{args}) |
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1269 This is an extensible undo item, which records a change limited to the |
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1270 range @var{beg} to @var{end}, which increased the size of the buffer |
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1271 by @var{delta}. It is undone by calling @var{funname} with arguments |
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1272 @var{args}. |
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1273 |
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1274 This kind of element enables undo limited to a region to determine |
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1275 whether the element pertains to that region. |
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1276 |
6558 | 1277 @item nil |
1278 This element is a boundary. The elements between two boundaries are | |
1279 called a @dfn{change group}; normally, each change group corresponds to | |
1280 one keyboard command, and undo commands normally undo an entire group as | |
1281 a unit. | |
1282 @end table | |
1283 | |
1284 @defun undo-boundary | |
1285 This function places a boundary element in the undo list. The undo | |
1286 command stops at such a boundary, and successive undo commands undo | |
1287 to earlier and earlier boundaries. This function returns @code{nil}. | |
1288 | |
11555
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Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1289 The editor command loop automatically creates an undo boundary before |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1290 each key sequence is executed. Thus, each undo normally undoes the |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1291 effects of one command. Self-inserting input characters are an |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1292 exception. The command loop makes a boundary for the first such |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1293 character; the next 19 consecutive self-inserting input characters do |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1294 not make boundaries, and then the 20th does, and so on as long as |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1295 self-inserting characters continue. |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1296 |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1297 All buffer modifications add a boundary whenever the previous undoable |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1298 change was made in some other buffer. This is to ensure that |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
1299 each command makes a boundary in each buffer where it makes changes. |
11555
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1300 |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1301 Calling this function explicitly is useful for splitting the effects of |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1302 a command into more than one unit. For example, @code{query-replace} |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1303 calls @code{undo-boundary} after each replacement, so that the user can |
4cc0a5e1bdac
Explan when boundaries are made automatically.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
10364
diff
changeset
|
1304 undo individual replacements one by one. |
6558 | 1305 @end defun |
1306 | |
58748
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1307 @defvar undo-in-progress |
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1308 This variable is normally @code{nil}, but the undo commands bind it to |
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57646
diff
changeset
|
1309 @code{t}. This is so that various kinds of change hooks can tell when |
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57646
diff
changeset
|
1310 they're being called for the sake of undoing. |
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57646
diff
changeset
|
1311 @end defvar |
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57646
diff
changeset
|
1312 |
6558 | 1313 @defun primitive-undo count list |
1314 This is the basic function for undoing elements of an undo list. | |
1315 It undoes the first @var{count} elements of @var{list}, returning | |
72381
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* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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|
1316 the rest of @var{list}. |
6558 | 1317 |
1318 @code{primitive-undo} adds elements to the buffer's undo list when it | |
1319 changes the buffer. Undo commands avoid confusion by saving the undo | |
1320 list value at the beginning of a sequence of undo operations. Then the | |
1321 undo operations use and update the saved value. The new elements added | |
12098 | 1322 by undoing are not part of this saved value, so they don't interfere with |
6558 | 1323 continuing to undo. |
58748
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1324 |
e347a194391a
(Undo): Document undo-in-progress.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57646
diff
changeset
|
1325 This function does not bind @code{undo-in-progress}. |
6558 | 1326 @end defun |
1327 | |
1328 @node Maintaining Undo | |
1329 @section Maintaining Undo Lists | |
1330 | |
1331 This section describes how to enable and disable undo information for | |
1332 a given buffer. It also explains how the undo list is truncated | |
1333 automatically so it doesn't get too big. | |
1334 | |
1335 Recording of undo information in a newly created buffer is normally | |
1336 enabled to start with; but if the buffer name starts with a space, the | |
1337 undo recording is initially disabled. You can explicitly enable or | |
1338 disable undo recording with the following two functions, or by setting | |
1339 @code{buffer-undo-list} yourself. | |
1340 | |
1341 @deffn Command buffer-enable-undo &optional buffer-or-name | |
1342 This command enables recording undo information for buffer | |
1343 @var{buffer-or-name}, so that subsequent changes can be undone. If no | |
1344 argument is supplied, then the current buffer is used. This function | |
1345 does nothing if undo recording is already enabled in the buffer. It | |
1346 returns @code{nil}. | |
1347 | |
1348 In an interactive call, @var{buffer-or-name} is the current buffer. | |
1349 You cannot specify any other buffer. | |
1350 @end deffn | |
1351 | |
54120
836a9ea3b5a4
Various small changes in addition to the following:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
54041
diff
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|
1352 @deffn Command buffer-disable-undo &optional buffer-or-name |
76999
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Improve index entries. Remove redundant/useless ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1353 @cindex disabling undo |
54120
836a9ea3b5a4
Various small changes in addition to the following:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
54041
diff
changeset
|
1354 This function discards the undo list of @var{buffer-or-name}, and disables |
6558 | 1355 further recording of undo information. As a result, it is no longer |
1356 possible to undo either previous changes or any subsequent changes. If | |
54120
836a9ea3b5a4
Various small changes in addition to the following:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
54041
diff
changeset
|
1357 the undo list of @var{buffer-or-name} is already disabled, this function |
6558 | 1358 has no effect. |
1359 | |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
1360 This function returns @code{nil}. |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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21682
diff
changeset
|
1361 @end deffn |
6558 | 1362 |
1363 As editing continues, undo lists get longer and longer. To prevent | |
1364 them from using up all available memory space, garbage collection trims | |
1365 them back to size limits you can set. (For this purpose, the ``size'' | |
1366 of an undo list measures the cons cells that make up the list, plus the | |
59838
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1367 strings of deleted text.) Three variables control the range of acceptable |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1368 sizes: @code{undo-limit}, @code{undo-strong-limit} and |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1369 @code{undo-outer-limit}. In these variables, size is counted as the |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1370 number of bytes occupied, which includes both saved text and other |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1371 data. |
59838
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1372 |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1373 @defopt undo-limit |
6558 | 1374 This is the soft limit for the acceptable size of an undo list. The |
1375 change group at which this size is exceeded is the last one kept. | |
59838
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1376 @end defopt |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1377 |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1378 @defopt undo-strong-limit |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
1379 This is the upper limit for the acceptable size of an undo list. The |
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
1380 change group at which this size is exceeded is discarded itself (along |
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
1381 with all older change groups). There is one exception: the very latest |
59838
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1382 change group is only discarded if it exceeds @code{undo-outer-limit}. |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1383 @end defopt |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1384 |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1385 @defopt undo-outer-limit |
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1386 If at garbage collection time the undo info for the current command |
59880
8e65810e7f24
(User-Level Deletion): just-one-space takes numeric arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59838
diff
changeset
|
1387 exceeds this limit, Emacs discards the info and displays a warning. |
8e65810e7f24
(User-Level Deletion): just-one-space takes numeric arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59838
diff
changeset
|
1388 This is a last ditch limit to prevent memory overflow. |
59838
5e3ad3077141
(Maintaining Undo): Add `undo-outer-limit'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
59837
diff
changeset
|
1389 @end defopt |
6558 | 1390 |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1391 @defopt undo-ask-before-discard |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1392 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, when the undo info exceeds |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1393 @code{undo-outer-limit}, Emacs asks in the echo area whether to |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1394 discard the info. The default value is @code{nil}, which means to |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1395 discard it automatically. |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1396 |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1397 This option is mainly intended for debugging. Garbage collection is |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1398 inhibited while the question is asked, which means that Emacs might |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1399 leak memory if the user waits too long before answering the question. |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1400 @end defopt |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1401 |
6558 | 1402 @node Filling |
1403 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
1404 @section Filling | |
76999
207f5fae3c52
Improve index entries. Remove redundant/useless ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
76841
diff
changeset
|
1405 @cindex filling text |
6558 | 1406 |
1407 @dfn{Filling} means adjusting the lengths of lines (by moving the line | |
1408 breaks) so that they are nearly (but no greater than) a specified | |
1409 maximum width. Additionally, lines can be @dfn{justified}, which means | |
12098 | 1410 inserting spaces to make the left and/or right margins line up |
1411 precisely. The width is controlled by the variable @code{fill-column}. | |
1412 For ease of reading, lines should be no longer than 70 or so columns. | |
6558 | 1413 |
1414 You can use Auto Fill mode (@pxref{Auto Filling}) to fill text | |
1415 automatically as you insert it, but changes to existing text may leave | |
1416 it improperly filled. Then you must fill the text explicitly. | |
1417 | |
12067 | 1418 Most of the commands in this section return values that are not |
1419 meaningful. All the functions that do filling take note of the current | |
12098 | 1420 left margin, current right margin, and current justification style |
1421 (@pxref{Margins}). If the current justification style is | |
1422 @code{none}, the filling functions don't actually do anything. | |
1423 | |
1424 Several of the filling functions have an argument @var{justify}. | |
1425 If it is non-@code{nil}, that requests some kind of justification. It | |
1426 can be @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, or @code{center}, to | |
1427 request a specific style of justification. If it is @code{t}, that | |
1428 means to use the current justification style for this part of the text | |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1429 (see @code{current-justification}, below). Any other value is treated |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1430 as @code{full}. |
12098 | 1431 |
1432 When you call the filling functions interactively, using a prefix | |
1433 argument implies the value @code{full} for @var{justify}. | |
1434 | |
1435 @deffn Command fill-paragraph justify | |
6558 | 1436 This command fills the paragraph at or after point. If |
12098 | 1437 @var{justify} is non-@code{nil}, each line is justified as well. |
6558 | 1438 It uses the ordinary paragraph motion commands to find paragraph |
38581 | 1439 boundaries. @xref{Paragraphs,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6558 | 1440 @end deffn |
1441 | |
25454 | 1442 @deffn Command fill-region start end &optional justify nosqueeze to-eop |
6558 | 1443 This command fills each of the paragraphs in the region from @var{start} |
12098 | 1444 to @var{end}. It justifies as well if @var{justify} is |
6558 | 1445 non-@code{nil}. |
1446 | |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1447 If @var{nosqueeze} is non-@code{nil}, that means to leave whitespace |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1448 other than line breaks untouched. If @var{to-eop} is non-@code{nil}, |
22267
dfac7398266b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22252
diff
changeset
|
1449 that means to keep filling to the end of the paragraph---or the next hard |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1450 newline, if @code{use-hard-newlines} is enabled (see below). |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1451 |
6558 | 1452 The variable @code{paragraph-separate} controls how to distinguish |
1453 paragraphs. @xref{Standard Regexps}. | |
1454 @end deffn | |
1455 | |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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25875
diff
changeset
|
1456 @deffn Command fill-individual-paragraphs start end &optional justify citation-regexp |
6558 | 1457 This command fills each paragraph in the region according to its |
1458 individual fill prefix. Thus, if the lines of a paragraph were indented | |
1459 with spaces, the filled paragraph will remain indented in the same | |
1460 fashion. | |
1461 | |
1462 The first two arguments, @var{start} and @var{end}, are the beginning | |
1463 and end of the region to be filled. The third and fourth arguments, | |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1464 @var{justify} and @var{citation-regexp}, are optional. If |
12098 | 1465 @var{justify} is non-@code{nil}, the paragraphs are justified as |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1466 well as filled. If @var{citation-regexp} is non-@code{nil}, it means the |
6558 | 1467 function is operating on a mail message and therefore should not fill |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1468 the header lines. If @var{citation-regexp} is a string, it is used as |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1469 a regular expression; if it matches the beginning of a line, that line |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1470 is treated as a citation marker. |
6558 | 1471 |
1472 Ordinarily, @code{fill-individual-paragraphs} regards each change in | |
1473 indentation as starting a new paragraph. If | |
1474 @code{fill-individual-varying-indent} is non-@code{nil}, then only | |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
1475 separator lines separate paragraphs. That mode can handle indented |
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
1476 paragraphs with additional indentation on the first line. |
6558 | 1477 @end deffn |
1478 | |
1479 @defopt fill-individual-varying-indent | |
1480 This variable alters the action of @code{fill-individual-paragraphs} as | |
1481 described above. | |
1482 @end defopt | |
1483 | |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1484 @deffn Command fill-region-as-paragraph start end &optional justify nosqueeze squeeze-after |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
1485 This command considers a region of text as a single paragraph and fills |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
1486 it. If the region was made up of many paragraphs, the blank lines |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
1487 between paragraphs are removed. This function justifies as well as |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
1488 filling when @var{justify} is non-@code{nil}. |
12067 | 1489 |
22252
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1490 If @var{nosqueeze} is non-@code{nil}, that means to leave whitespace |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1491 other than line breaks untouched. If @var{squeeze-after} is |
22267
dfac7398266b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22252
diff
changeset
|
1492 non-@code{nil}, it specifies a position in the region, and means don't |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1493 canonicalize spaces before that position. |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1494 |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1495 In Adaptive Fill mode, this command calls @code{fill-context-prefix} to |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1496 choose a fill prefix by default. @xref{Adaptive Fill}. |
6558 | 1497 @end deffn |
1498 | |
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ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1499 @deffn Command justify-current-line &optional how eop nosqueeze |
6558 | 1500 This command inserts spaces between the words of the current line so |
1501 that the line ends exactly at @code{fill-column}. It returns | |
1502 @code{nil}. | |
12067 | 1503 |
1504 The argument @var{how}, if non-@code{nil} specifies explicitly the style | |
1505 of justification. It can be @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, | |
1506 @code{center}, or @code{none}. If it is @code{t}, that means to do | |
1507 follow specified justification style (see @code{current-justification}, | |
1508 below). @code{nil} means to do full justification. | |
1509 | |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
1510 If @var{eop} is non-@code{nil}, that means do only left-justification |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
1511 if @code{current-justification} specifies full justification. This is |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
1512 used for the last line of a paragraph; even if the paragraph as a |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
1513 whole is fully justified, the last line should not be. |
12067 | 1514 |
1515 If @var{nosqueeze} is non-@code{nil}, that means do not change interior | |
1516 whitespace. | |
6558 | 1517 @end deffn |
1518 | |
12067 | 1519 @defopt default-justification |
1520 This variable's value specifies the style of justification to use for | |
1521 text that doesn't specify a style with a text property. The possible | |
1522 values are @code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or | |
12098 | 1523 @code{none}. The default value is @code{left}. |
12067 | 1524 @end defopt |
1525 | |
1526 @defun current-justification | |
1527 This function returns the proper justification style to use for filling | |
1528 the text around point. | |
72381
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* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1529 |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1530 This returns the value of the @code{justification} text property at |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1531 point, or the variable @var{default-justification} if there is no such |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1532 text property. However, it returns @code{nil} rather than @code{none} |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1533 to mean ``don't justify''. |
12067 | 1534 @end defun |
1535 | |
22252
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1536 @defopt sentence-end-double-space |
57402
c50e857202e2
(Filling): Add anchor for definition of `sentence-end-double-space'.
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
57253
diff
changeset
|
1537 @anchor{Definition of sentence-end-double-space} |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1538 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, a period followed by just one space |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1539 does not count as the end of a sentence, and the filling functions |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1540 avoid breaking the line at such a place. |
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1541 @end defopt |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1542 |
60679
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1543 @defopt sentence-end-without-period |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1544 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, a sentence can end without a |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1545 period. This is used for languages like Thai, where sentences end |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1546 with a double space but without a period. |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1547 @end defopt |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1548 |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1549 @defopt sentence-end-without-space |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1550 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it should be a string of |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1551 characters that can end a sentence without following spaces. |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1552 @end defopt |
48eb1c71ba69
(Filling): Add sentence-end-without-period and sentence-end-without-space.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
60456
diff
changeset
|
1553 |
12098 | 1554 @defvar fill-paragraph-function |
1555 This variable provides a way for major modes to override the filling of | |
1556 paragraphs. If the value is non-@code{nil}, @code{fill-paragraph} calls | |
1557 this function to do the work. If the function returns a non-@code{nil} | |
1558 value, @code{fill-paragraph} assumes the job is done, and immediately | |
1559 returns that value. | |
1560 | |
1561 The usual use of this feature is to fill comments in programming | |
1562 language modes. If the function needs to fill a paragraph in the usual | |
1563 way, it can do so as follows: | |
1564 | |
1565 @example | |
1566 (let ((fill-paragraph-function nil)) | |
1567 (fill-paragraph arg)) | |
1568 @end example | |
1569 @end defvar | |
1570 | |
1571 @defvar use-hard-newlines | |
1572 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, the filling functions do not delete | |
1573 newlines that have the @code{hard} text property. These ``hard | |
1574 newlines'' act as paragraph separators. | |
1575 @end defvar | |
1576 | |
1577 @node Margins | |
1578 @section Margins for Filling | |
1579 | |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
1580 @defopt fill-prefix |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1581 This buffer-local variable, if non-@code{nil}, specifies a string of |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1582 text that appears at the beginning of normal text lines and should be |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1583 disregarded when filling them. Any line that fails to start with the |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1584 fill prefix is considered the start of a paragraph; so is any line |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1585 that starts with the fill prefix followed by additional whitespace. |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1586 Lines that start with the fill prefix but no additional whitespace are |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1587 ordinary text lines that can be filled together. The resulting filled |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1588 lines also start with the fill prefix. |
12098 | 1589 |
1590 The fill prefix follows the left margin whitespace, if any. | |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
1591 @end defopt |
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1592 |
22252
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changeset
|
1593 @defopt fill-column |
21007
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*** empty log message ***
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parents:
19467
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changeset
|
1594 This buffer-local variable specifies the maximum width of filled lines. |
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
1595 Its value should be an integer, which is a number of columns. All the |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
1596 filling, justification, and centering commands are affected by this |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
1597 variable, including Auto Fill mode (@pxref{Auto Filling}). |
6558 | 1598 |
1599 As a practical matter, if you are writing text for other people to | |
1600 read, you should set @code{fill-column} to no more than 70. Otherwise | |
1601 the line will be too long for people to read comfortably, and this can | |
1602 make the text seem clumsy. | |
22252
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*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
1603 @end defopt |
6558 | 1604 |
1605 @defvar default-fill-column | |
1606 The value of this variable is the default value for @code{fill-column} in | |
1607 buffers that do not override it. This is the same as | |
1608 @code{(default-value 'fill-column)}. | |
1609 | |
1610 The default value for @code{default-fill-column} is 70. | |
1611 @end defvar | |
1612 | |
12067 | 1613 @deffn Command set-left-margin from to margin |
1614 This sets the @code{left-margin} property on the text from @var{from} to | |
1615 @var{to} to the value @var{margin}. If Auto Fill mode is enabled, this | |
1616 command also refills the region to fit the new margin. | |
1617 @end deffn | |
1618 | |
1619 @deffn Command set-right-margin from to margin | |
12098 | 1620 This sets the @code{right-margin} property on the text from @var{from} |
1621 to @var{to} to the value @var{margin}. If Auto Fill mode is enabled, | |
1622 this command also refills the region to fit the new margin. | |
12067 | 1623 @end deffn |
1624 | |
1625 @defun current-left-margin | |
1626 This function returns the proper left margin value to use for filling | |
1627 the text around point. The value is the sum of the @code{left-margin} | |
1628 property of the character at the start of the current line (or zero if | |
12098 | 1629 none), and the value of the variable @code{left-margin}. |
12067 | 1630 @end defun |
1631 | |
1632 @defun current-fill-column | |
1633 This function returns the proper fill column value to use for filling | |
1634 the text around point. The value is the value of the @code{fill-column} | |
1635 variable, minus the value of the @code{right-margin} property of the | |
1636 character after point. | |
1637 @end defun | |
1638 | |
1639 @deffn Command move-to-left-margin &optional n force | |
1640 This function moves point to the left margin of the current line. The | |
1641 column moved to is determined by calling the function | |
12098 | 1642 @code{current-left-margin}. If the argument @var{n} is non-@code{nil}, |
12067 | 1643 @code{move-to-left-margin} moves forward @var{n}@minus{}1 lines first. |
1644 | |
1645 If @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, that says to fix the line's | |
1646 indentation if that doesn't match the left margin value. | |
1647 @end deffn | |
1648 | |
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ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1649 @defun delete-to-left-margin &optional from to |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1650 This function removes left margin indentation from the text between |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1651 @var{from} and @var{to}. The amount of indentation to delete is |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1652 determined by calling @code{current-left-margin}. In no case does this |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1653 function delete non-whitespace. If @var{from} and @var{to} are omitted, |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
1654 they default to the whole buffer. |
12067 | 1655 @end defun |
1656 | |
12098 | 1657 @defun indent-to-left-margin |
77687
d20350ec6697
(Margins): indent-to-left-margin is not the default.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1658 This function adjusts the indentation at the beginning of the current |
d20350ec6697
(Margins): indent-to-left-margin is not the default.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77543
diff
changeset
|
1659 line to the value specified by the variable @code{left-margin}. (That |
d20350ec6697
(Margins): indent-to-left-margin is not the default.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77543
diff
changeset
|
1660 may involve either inserting or deleting whitespace.) This function |
d20350ec6697
(Margins): indent-to-left-margin is not the default.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77543
diff
changeset
|
1661 is value of @code{indent-line-function} in Paragraph-Indent Text mode. |
12098 | 1662 @end defun |
1663 | |
1664 @defvar left-margin | |
1665 This variable specifies the base left margin column. In Fundamental | |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
1666 mode, @kbd{C-j} indents to this column. This variable automatically |
12098 | 1667 becomes buffer-local when set in any fashion. |
1668 @end defvar | |
1669 | |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1670 @defvar fill-nobreak-predicate |
59945
e568af229081
(Margins): fill-nobreak-predicate can be one function.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59933
diff
changeset
|
1671 This variable gives major modes a way to specify not to break a line |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1672 at certain places. Its value should be a list of functions. Whenever |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1673 filling considers breaking the line at a certain place in the buffer, |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1674 it calls each of these functions with no arguments and with point |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1675 located at that place. If any of the functions returns |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
1676 non-@code{nil}, then the line won't be broken there. |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1677 @end defvar |
90da2489c498
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diff
changeset
|
1678 |
22252
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changeset
|
1679 @node Adaptive Fill |
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*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
1680 @section Adaptive Fill Mode |
76999
207f5fae3c52
Improve index entries. Remove redundant/useless ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
76841
diff
changeset
|
1681 @c @cindex Adaptive Fill mode "adaptive-fill-mode" is adjacent. |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
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parents:
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|
1682 |
63316
4697645d9edc
(Adaptive Fill): Amplify the description of fill-context-prefix.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
61116
diff
changeset
|
1683 When @dfn{Adaptive Fill Mode} is enabled, Emacs determines the fill |
4697645d9edc
(Adaptive Fill): Amplify the description of fill-context-prefix.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
61116
diff
changeset
|
1684 prefix automatically from the text in each paragraph being filled |
4697645d9edc
(Adaptive Fill): Amplify the description of fill-context-prefix.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
61116
diff
changeset
|
1685 rather than using a predetermined value. During filling, this fill |
4697645d9edc
(Adaptive Fill): Amplify the description of fill-context-prefix.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
61116
diff
changeset
|
1686 prefix gets inserted at the start of the second and subsequent lines |
4697645d9edc
(Adaptive Fill): Amplify the description of fill-context-prefix.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
61116
diff
changeset
|
1687 of the paragraph as described in @ref{Filling}, and in @ref{Auto |
4697645d9edc
(Adaptive Fill): Amplify the description of fill-context-prefix.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
61116
diff
changeset
|
1688 Filling}. |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
1689 |
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1690 @defopt adaptive-fill-mode |
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1691 Adaptive Fill mode is enabled when this variable is non-@code{nil}. |
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1692 It is @code{t} by default. |
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1693 @end defopt |
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1694 |
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1695 @defun fill-context-prefix from to |
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1696 This function implements the heart of Adaptive Fill mode; it chooses a |
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1697 fill prefix based on the text between @var{from} and @var{to}, |
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1698 typically the start and end of a paragraph. It does this by looking |
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1699 at the first two lines of the paragraph, based on the variables |
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1700 described below. |
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1701 @c The optional argument first-line-regexp is not documented |
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1702 @c because it exists for internal purposes and might be eliminated |
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1703 @c in the future. |
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1704 |
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1705 Usually, this function returns the fill prefix, a string. However, |
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1706 before doing this, the function makes a final check (not specially |
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1707 mentioned in the following) that a line starting with this prefix |
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1708 wouldn't look like the start of a paragraph. Should this happen, the |
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1709 function signals the anomaly by returning @code{nil} instead. |
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1710 |
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1711 In detail, @code{fill-context-prefix} does this: |
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1712 |
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1713 @enumerate |
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1714 @item |
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1715 It takes a candidate for the fill prefix from the first line---it |
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1716 tries first the function in @code{adaptive-fill-function} (if any), |
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1717 then the regular expression @code{adaptive-fill-regexp} (see below). |
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1718 The first non-@code{nil} result of these, or the empty string if |
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1719 they're both @code{nil}, becomes the first line's candidate. |
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1720 @item |
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1721 If the paragraph has as yet only one line, the function tests the |
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1722 validity of the prefix candidate just found. The function then |
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1723 returns the candidate if it's valid, or a string of spaces otherwise. |
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1724 (see the description of @code{adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp} below). |
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1725 @item |
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1726 When the paragraph already has two lines, the function next looks for |
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1727 a prefix candidate on the second line, in just the same way it did for |
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1728 the first line. If it doesn't find one, it returns @code{nil}. |
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1729 @item |
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1730 The function now compares the two candidate prefixes heuristically: if |
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1731 the non-whitespace characters in the line 2 candidate occur in the |
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1732 same order in the line 1 candidate, the function returns the line 2 |
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1733 candidate. Otherwise, it returns the largest initial substring which |
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1734 is common to both candidates (which might be the empty string). |
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1735 @end enumerate |
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1736 @end defun |
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1737 |
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1738 @defopt adaptive-fill-regexp |
22267
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1739 Adaptive Fill mode matches this regular expression against the text |
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1740 starting after the left margin whitespace (if any) on a line; the |
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1741 characters it matches are that line's candidate for the fill prefix. |
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1742 |
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1743 The default value matches whitespace with certain punctuation |
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1744 characters intermingled. |
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1745 @end defopt |
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1746 |
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1747 @defopt adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp |
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1748 Used only in one-line paragraphs, this regular expression acts as an |
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1749 additional check of the validity of the one available candidate fill |
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1750 prefix: the candidate must match this regular expression, or match |
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1751 @code{comment-start-skip}. If it doesn't, @code{fill-context-prefix} |
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1752 replaces the candidate with a string of spaces ``of the same width'' |
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|
1753 as it. |
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|
1754 |
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|
1755 The default value of this variable is @w{@code{"\\`[ \t]*\\'"}}, which |
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1756 matches only a string of whitespace. The effect of this default is to |
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1757 force the fill prefixes found in one-line paragraphs always to be pure |
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|
1758 whitespace. |
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1759 @end defopt |
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1760 |
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1761 @defopt adaptive-fill-function |
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1762 You can specify more complex ways of choosing a fill prefix |
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1763 automatically by setting this variable to a function. The function is |
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1764 called with point after the left margin (if any) of a line, and it |
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1765 must preserve point. It should return either ``that line's'' fill |
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1766 prefix or @code{nil}, meaning it has failed to determine a prefix. |
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1767 @end defopt |
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1768 |
6558 | 1769 @node Auto Filling |
1770 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
1771 @section Auto Filling | |
1772 @cindex filling, automatic | |
1773 @cindex Auto Fill mode | |
1774 | |
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1775 Auto Fill mode is a minor mode that fills lines automatically as text |
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1776 is inserted. This section describes the hook used by Auto Fill mode. |
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1777 For a description of functions that you can call explicitly to fill and |
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1778 justify existing text, see @ref{Filling}. |
6558 | 1779 |
12098 | 1780 Auto Fill mode also enables the functions that change the margins and |
1781 justification style to refill portions of the text. @xref{Margins}. | |
1782 | |
6558 | 1783 @defvar auto-fill-function |
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|
1784 The value of this buffer-local variable should be a function (of no |
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1785 arguments) to be called after self-inserting a character from the table |
28843 | 1786 @code{auto-fill-chars}. It may be @code{nil}, in which case nothing |
1787 special is done in that case. | |
6558 | 1788 |
1789 The value of @code{auto-fill-function} is @code{do-auto-fill} when | |
1790 Auto-Fill mode is enabled. That is a function whose sole purpose is to | |
1791 implement the usual strategy for breaking a line. | |
1792 | |
1793 @quotation | |
1794 In older Emacs versions, this variable was named @code{auto-fill-hook}, | |
1795 but since it is not called with the standard convention for hooks, it | |
1796 was renamed to @code{auto-fill-function} in version 19. | |
1797 @end quotation | |
1798 @end defvar | |
1799 | |
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1800 @defvar normal-auto-fill-function |
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1801 This variable specifies the function to use for |
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1802 @code{auto-fill-function}, if and when Auto Fill is turned on. Major |
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1803 modes can set buffer-local values for this variable to alter how Auto |
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1804 Fill works. |
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1805 @end defvar |
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1806 |
28843 | 1807 @defvar auto-fill-chars |
1808 A char table of characters which invoke @code{auto-fill-function} when | |
1809 self-inserted---space and newline in most language environments. They | |
1810 have an entry @code{t} in the table. | |
1811 @end defvar | |
1812 | |
6558 | 1813 @node Sorting |
1814 @section Sorting Text | |
1815 @cindex sorting text | |
1816 | |
1817 The sorting functions described in this section all rearrange text in | |
1818 a buffer. This is in contrast to the function @code{sort}, which | |
1819 rearranges the order of the elements of a list (@pxref{Rearrangement}). | |
1820 The values returned by these functions are not meaningful. | |
1821 | |
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1822 @defun sort-subr reverse nextrecfun endrecfun &optional startkeyfun endkeyfun predicate |
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1823 This function is the general text-sorting routine that subdivides a |
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1824 buffer into records and then sorts them. Most of the commands in this |
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1825 section use this function. |
6558 | 1826 |
1827 To understand how @code{sort-subr} works, consider the whole accessible | |
1828 portion of the buffer as being divided into disjoint pieces called | |
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1829 @dfn{sort records}. The records may or may not be contiguous, but they |
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1830 must not overlap. A portion of each sort record (perhaps all of it) is |
6558 | 1831 designated as the sort key. Sorting rearranges the records in order by |
1832 their sort keys. | |
1833 | |
1834 Usually, the records are rearranged in order of ascending sort key. | |
1835 If the first argument to the @code{sort-subr} function, @var{reverse}, | |
1836 is non-@code{nil}, the sort records are rearranged in order of | |
1837 descending sort key. | |
1838 | |
1839 The next four arguments to @code{sort-subr} are functions that are | |
1840 called to move point across a sort record. They are called many times | |
1841 from within @code{sort-subr}. | |
1842 | |
1843 @enumerate | |
1844 @item | |
1845 @var{nextrecfun} is called with point at the end of a record. This | |
1846 function moves point to the start of the next record. The first record | |
1847 is assumed to start at the position of point when @code{sort-subr} is | |
1848 called. Therefore, you should usually move point to the beginning of | |
1849 the buffer before calling @code{sort-subr}. | |
1850 | |
1851 This function can indicate there are no more sort records by leaving | |
1852 point at the end of the buffer. | |
1853 | |
1854 @item | |
1855 @var{endrecfun} is called with point within a record. It moves point to | |
1856 the end of the record. | |
1857 | |
1858 @item | |
1859 @var{startkeyfun} is called to move point from the start of a record to | |
1860 the start of the sort key. This argument is optional; if it is omitted, | |
1861 the whole record is the sort key. If supplied, the function should | |
1862 either return a non-@code{nil} value to be used as the sort key, or | |
1863 return @code{nil} to indicate that the sort key is in the buffer | |
1864 starting at point. In the latter case, @var{endkeyfun} is called to | |
1865 find the end of the sort key. | |
1866 | |
1867 @item | |
1868 @var{endkeyfun} is called to move point from the start of the sort key | |
1869 to the end of the sort key. This argument is optional. If | |
1870 @var{startkeyfun} returns @code{nil} and this argument is omitted (or | |
1871 @code{nil}), then the sort key extends to the end of the record. There | |
1872 is no need for @var{endkeyfun} if @var{startkeyfun} returns a | |
1873 non-@code{nil} value. | |
1874 @end enumerate | |
1875 | |
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1876 The argument @var{predicate} is the function to use to compare keys. |
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1877 If keys are numbers, it defaults to @code{<}; otherwise it defaults to |
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1878 @code{string<}. |
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1879 |
6558 | 1880 As an example of @code{sort-subr}, here is the complete function |
1881 definition for @code{sort-lines}: | |
1882 | |
1883 @example | |
1884 @group | |
1885 ;; @r{Note that the first two lines of doc string} | |
1886 ;; @r{are effectively one line when viewed by a user.} | |
1887 (defun sort-lines (reverse beg end) | |
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1888 "Sort lines in region alphabetically;\ |
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1889 argument means descending order. |
6558 | 1890 Called from a program, there are three arguments: |
1891 @end group | |
1892 @group | |
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1893 REVERSE (non-nil means reverse order),\ |
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1894 BEG and END (region to sort). |
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1895 The variable `sort-fold-case' determines\ |
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1896 whether alphabetic case affects |
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1897 the sort order." |
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1898 @end group |
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1899 @group |
6558 | 1900 (interactive "P\nr") |
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1901 (save-excursion |
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1902 (save-restriction |
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1903 (narrow-to-region beg end) |
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1904 (goto-char (point-min)) |
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1905 (let ((inhibit-field-text-motion t)) |
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1906 (sort-subr reverse 'forward-line 'end-of-line))))) |
6558 | 1907 @end group |
1908 @end example | |
1909 | |
1910 Here @code{forward-line} moves point to the start of the next record, | |
1911 and @code{end-of-line} moves point to the end of record. We do not pass | |
1912 the arguments @var{startkeyfun} and @var{endkeyfun}, because the entire | |
1913 record is used as the sort key. | |
1914 | |
1915 The @code{sort-paragraphs} function is very much the same, except that | |
1916 its @code{sort-subr} call looks like this: | |
1917 | |
1918 @example | |
1919 @group | |
1920 (sort-subr reverse | |
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1921 (function |
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1922 (lambda () |
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1923 (while (and (not (eobp)) |
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1924 (looking-at paragraph-separate)) |
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1925 (forward-line 1)))) |
6558 | 1926 'forward-paragraph) |
1927 @end group | |
1928 @end example | |
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1929 |
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1930 Markers pointing into any sort records are left with no useful |
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1931 position after @code{sort-subr} returns. |
6558 | 1932 @end defun |
1933 | |
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1934 @defopt sort-fold-case |
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1935 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{sort-subr} and the other |
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1936 buffer sorting functions ignore case when comparing strings. |
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1937 @end defopt |
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1938 |
6558 | 1939 @deffn Command sort-regexp-fields reverse record-regexp key-regexp start end |
1940 This command sorts the region between @var{start} and @var{end} | |
1941 alphabetically as specified by @var{record-regexp} and @var{key-regexp}. | |
1942 If @var{reverse} is a negative integer, then sorting is in reverse | |
1943 order. | |
1944 | |
1945 Alphabetical sorting means that two sort keys are compared by | |
1946 comparing the first characters of each, the second characters of each, | |
1947 and so on. If a mismatch is found, it means that the sort keys are | |
1948 unequal; the sort key whose character is less at the point of first | |
1949 mismatch is the lesser sort key. The individual characters are compared | |
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1950 according to their numerical character codes in the Emacs character set. |
6558 | 1951 |
1952 The value of the @var{record-regexp} argument specifies how to divide | |
1953 the buffer into sort records. At the end of each record, a search is | |
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1954 done for this regular expression, and the text that matches it is taken |
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1955 as the next record. For example, the regular expression @samp{^.+$}, |
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1956 which matches lines with at least one character besides a newline, would |
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1957 make each such line into a sort record. @xref{Regular Expressions}, for |
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1958 a description of the syntax and meaning of regular expressions. |
6558 | 1959 |
1960 The value of the @var{key-regexp} argument specifies what part of each | |
1961 record is the sort key. The @var{key-regexp} could match the whole | |
1962 record, or only a part. In the latter case, the rest of the record has | |
1963 no effect on the sorted order of records, but it is carried along when | |
1964 the record moves to its new position. | |
1965 | |
1966 The @var{key-regexp} argument can refer to the text matched by a | |
1967 subexpression of @var{record-regexp}, or it can be a regular expression | |
1968 on its own. | |
1969 | |
1970 If @var{key-regexp} is: | |
1971 | |
1972 @table @asis | |
1973 @item @samp{\@var{digit}} | |
1974 then the text matched by the @var{digit}th @samp{\(...\)} parenthesis | |
1975 grouping in @var{record-regexp} is the sort key. | |
1976 | |
1977 @item @samp{\&} | |
1978 then the whole record is the sort key. | |
1979 | |
1980 @item a regular expression | |
1981 then @code{sort-regexp-fields} searches for a match for the regular | |
1982 expression within the record. If such a match is found, it is the sort | |
1983 key. If there is no match for @var{key-regexp} within a record then | |
1984 that record is ignored, which means its position in the buffer is not | |
1985 changed. (The other records may move around it.) | |
1986 @end table | |
1987 | |
1988 For example, if you plan to sort all the lines in the region by the | |
1989 first word on each line starting with the letter @samp{f}, you should | |
1990 set @var{record-regexp} to @samp{^.*$} and set @var{key-regexp} to | |
1991 @samp{\<f\w*\>}. The resulting expression looks like this: | |
1992 | |
1993 @example | |
1994 @group | |
1995 (sort-regexp-fields nil "^.*$" "\\<f\\w*\\>" | |
1996 (region-beginning) | |
1997 (region-end)) | |
1998 @end group | |
1999 @end example | |
2000 | |
2001 If you call @code{sort-regexp-fields} interactively, it prompts for | |
2002 @var{record-regexp} and @var{key-regexp} in the minibuffer. | |
2003 @end deffn | |
2004 | |
2005 @deffn Command sort-lines reverse start end | |
2006 This command alphabetically sorts lines in the region between | |
2007 @var{start} and @var{end}. If @var{reverse} is non-@code{nil}, the sort | |
2008 is in reverse order. | |
2009 @end deffn | |
2010 | |
2011 @deffn Command sort-paragraphs reverse start end | |
2012 This command alphabetically sorts paragraphs in the region between | |
2013 @var{start} and @var{end}. If @var{reverse} is non-@code{nil}, the sort | |
2014 is in reverse order. | |
2015 @end deffn | |
2016 | |
2017 @deffn Command sort-pages reverse start end | |
2018 This command alphabetically sorts pages in the region between | |
2019 @var{start} and @var{end}. If @var{reverse} is non-@code{nil}, the sort | |
2020 is in reverse order. | |
2021 @end deffn | |
2022 | |
2023 @deffn Command sort-fields field start end | |
2024 This command sorts lines in the region between @var{start} and | |
2025 @var{end}, comparing them alphabetically by the @var{field}th field | |
2026 of each line. Fields are separated by whitespace and numbered starting | |
2027 from 1. If @var{field} is negative, sorting is by the | |
2028 @w{@minus{}@var{field}th} field from the end of the line. This command | |
2029 is useful for sorting tables. | |
2030 @end deffn | |
2031 | |
2032 @deffn Command sort-numeric-fields field start end | |
2033 This command sorts lines in the region between @var{start} and | |
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2034 @var{end}, comparing them numerically by the @var{field}th field of |
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2035 each line. Fields are separated by whitespace and numbered starting |
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2036 from 1. The specified field must contain a number in each line of the |
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2037 region. Numbers starting with 0 are treated as octal, and numbers |
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2038 starting with @samp{0x} are treated as hexadecimal. |
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2039 |
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2040 If @var{field} is negative, sorting is by the |
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2041 @w{@minus{}@var{field}th} field from the end of the line. This |
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2042 command is useful for sorting tables. |
6558 | 2043 @end deffn |
2044 | |
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2045 @defopt sort-numeric-base |
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2046 This variable specifies the default radix for |
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2047 @code{sort-numeric-fields} to parse numbers. |
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2048 @end defopt |
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2049 |
6558 | 2050 @deffn Command sort-columns reverse &optional beg end |
2051 This command sorts the lines in the region between @var{beg} and | |
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2052 @var{end}, comparing them alphabetically by a certain range of |
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2053 columns. The column positions of @var{beg} and @var{end} bound the |
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2054 range of columns to sort on. |
6558 | 2055 |
2056 If @var{reverse} is non-@code{nil}, the sort is in reverse order. | |
2057 | |
2058 One unusual thing about this command is that the entire line | |
2059 containing position @var{beg}, and the entire line containing position | |
2060 @var{end}, are included in the region sorted. | |
2061 | |
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2062 Note that @code{sort-columns} rejects text that contains tabs, because |
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2063 tabs could be split across the specified columns. Use @kbd{M-x |
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2064 untabify} to convert tabs to spaces before sorting. |
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2065 |
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2066 When possible, this command actually works by calling the @code{sort} |
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2067 utility program. |
6558 | 2068 @end deffn |
2069 | |
2070 @node Columns | |
2071 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
2072 @section Counting Columns | |
2073 @cindex columns | |
2074 @cindex counting columns | |
2075 @cindex horizontal position | |
2076 | |
2077 The column functions convert between a character position (counting | |
2078 characters from the beginning of the buffer) and a column position | |
2079 (counting screen characters from the beginning of a line). | |
2080 | |
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2081 These functions count each character according to the number of |
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2082 columns it occupies on the screen. This means control characters count |
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2083 as occupying 2 or 4 columns, depending upon the value of |
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2084 @code{ctl-arrow}, and tabs count as occupying a number of columns that |
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2085 depends on the value of @code{tab-width} and on the column where the tab |
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2086 begins. @xref{Usual Display}. |
6558 | 2087 |
2088 Column number computations ignore the width of the window and the | |
2089 amount of horizontal scrolling. Consequently, a column value can be | |
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2090 arbitrarily high. The first (or leftmost) column is numbered 0. They |
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2091 also ignore overlays and text properties, aside from invisibility. |
6558 | 2092 |
2093 @defun current-column | |
2094 This function returns the horizontal position of point, measured in | |
2095 columns, counting from 0 at the left margin. The column position is the | |
2096 sum of the widths of all the displayed representations of the characters | |
2097 between the start of the current line and point. | |
2098 | |
2099 For an example of using @code{current-column}, see the description of | |
2100 @code{count-lines} in @ref{Text Lines}. | |
2101 @end defun | |
2102 | |
2103 @defun move-to-column column &optional force | |
2104 This function moves point to @var{column} in the current line. The | |
2105 calculation of @var{column} takes into account the widths of the | |
2106 displayed representations of the characters between the start of the | |
2107 line and point. | |
2108 | |
2109 If column @var{column} is beyond the end of the line, point moves to the | |
2110 end of the line. If @var{column} is negative, point moves to the | |
2111 beginning of the line. | |
2112 | |
2113 If it is impossible to move to column @var{column} because that is in | |
2114 the middle of a multicolumn character such as a tab, point moves to the | |
2115 end of that character. However, if @var{force} is non-@code{nil}, and | |
2116 @var{column} is in the middle of a tab, then @code{move-to-column} | |
2117 converts the tab into spaces so that it can move precisely to column | |
2118 @var{column}. Other multicolumn characters can cause anomalies despite | |
2119 @var{force}, since there is no way to split them. | |
2120 | |
2121 The argument @var{force} also has an effect if the line isn't long | |
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2122 enough to reach column @var{column}; if it is @code{t}, that means to |
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2123 add whitespace at the end of the line to reach that column. |
6558 | 2124 |
2125 If @var{column} is not an integer, an error is signaled. | |
2126 | |
2127 The return value is the column number actually moved to. | |
2128 @end defun | |
2129 | |
2130 @node Indentation | |
2131 @section Indentation | |
2132 @cindex indentation | |
2133 | |
2134 The indentation functions are used to examine, move to, and change | |
2135 whitespace that is at the beginning of a line. Some of the functions | |
2136 can also change whitespace elsewhere on a line. Columns and indentation | |
2137 count from zero at the left margin. | |
2138 | |
2139 @menu | |
2140 * Primitive Indent:: Functions used to count and insert indentation. | |
2141 * Mode-Specific Indent:: Customize indentation for different modes. | |
2142 * Region Indent:: Indent all the lines in a region. | |
2143 * Relative Indent:: Indent the current line based on previous lines. | |
2144 * Indent Tabs:: Adjustable, typewriter-like tab stops. | |
2145 * Motion by Indent:: Move to first non-blank character. | |
2146 @end menu | |
2147 | |
2148 @node Primitive Indent | |
2149 @subsection Indentation Primitives | |
2150 | |
2151 This section describes the primitive functions used to count and | |
2152 insert indentation. The functions in the following sections use these | |
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2153 primitives. @xref{Width}, for related functions. |
6558 | 2154 |
2155 @defun current-indentation | |
2156 @comment !!Type Primitive Function | |
2157 @comment !!SourceFile indent.c | |
2158 This function returns the indentation of the current line, which is | |
2159 the horizontal position of the first nonblank character. If the | |
2160 contents are entirely blank, then this is the horizontal position of the | |
2161 end of the line. | |
2162 @end defun | |
2163 | |
2164 @deffn Command indent-to column &optional minimum | |
2165 @comment !!Type Primitive Function | |
2166 @comment !!SourceFile indent.c | |
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2167 This function indents from point with tabs and spaces until @var{column} |
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2168 is reached. If @var{minimum} is specified and non-@code{nil}, then at |
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2169 least that many spaces are inserted even if this requires going beyond |
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2170 @var{column}. Otherwise the function does nothing if point is already |
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2171 beyond @var{column}. The value is the column at which the inserted |
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2172 indentation ends. |
8644 | 2173 |
2174 The inserted whitespace characters inherit text properties from the | |
2175 surrounding text (usually, from the preceding text only). @xref{Sticky | |
2176 Properties}. | |
6558 | 2177 @end deffn |
2178 | |
2179 @defopt indent-tabs-mode | |
2180 @comment !!SourceFile indent.c | |
2181 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, indentation functions can insert | |
2182 tabs as well as spaces. Otherwise, they insert only spaces. Setting | |
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2183 this variable automatically makes it buffer-local in the current buffer. |
6558 | 2184 @end defopt |
2185 | |
2186 @node Mode-Specific Indent | |
2187 @subsection Indentation Controlled by Major Mode | |
2188 | |
2189 An important function of each major mode is to customize the @key{TAB} | |
2190 key to indent properly for the language being edited. This section | |
2191 describes the mechanism of the @key{TAB} key and how to control it. | |
2192 The functions in this section return unpredictable values. | |
2193 | |
2194 @defvar indent-line-function | |
2195 This variable's value is the function to be used by @key{TAB} (and | |
2196 various commands) to indent the current line. The command | |
2197 @code{indent-according-to-mode} does no more than call this function. | |
2198 | |
2199 In Lisp mode, the value is the symbol @code{lisp-indent-line}; in C | |
2200 mode, @code{c-indent-line}; in Fortran mode, @code{fortran-indent-line}. | |
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2201 The default value is @code{indent-relative}. |
6558 | 2202 @end defvar |
2203 | |
2204 @deffn Command indent-according-to-mode | |
2205 This command calls the function in @code{indent-line-function} to | |
2206 indent the current line in a way appropriate for the current major mode. | |
2207 @end deffn | |
2208 | |
2209 @deffn Command indent-for-tab-command | |
2210 This command calls the function in @code{indent-line-function} to indent | |
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2211 the current line; however, if that function is |
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2212 @code{indent-to-left-margin}, @code{insert-tab} is called instead. (That |
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2213 is a trivial command that inserts a tab character.) |
6558 | 2214 @end deffn |
2215 | |
2216 @deffn Command newline-and-indent | |
2217 @comment !!SourceFile simple.el | |
2218 This function inserts a newline, then indents the new line (the one | |
2219 following the newline just inserted) according to the major mode. | |
2220 | |
2221 It does indentation by calling the current @code{indent-line-function}. | |
2222 In programming language modes, this is the same thing @key{TAB} does, | |
2223 but in some text modes, where @key{TAB} inserts a tab, | |
2224 @code{newline-and-indent} indents to the column specified by | |
2225 @code{left-margin}. | |
2226 @end deffn | |
2227 | |
2228 @deffn Command reindent-then-newline-and-indent | |
2229 @comment !!SourceFile simple.el | |
2230 This command reindents the current line, inserts a newline at point, | |
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2231 and then indents the new line (the one following the newline just |
6558 | 2232 inserted). |
2233 | |
2234 This command does indentation on both lines according to the current | |
2235 major mode, by calling the current value of @code{indent-line-function}. | |
2236 In programming language modes, this is the same thing @key{TAB} does, | |
2237 but in some text modes, where @key{TAB} inserts a tab, | |
2238 @code{reindent-then-newline-and-indent} indents to the column specified | |
2239 by @code{left-margin}. | |
2240 @end deffn | |
2241 | |
2242 @node Region Indent | |
2243 @subsection Indenting an Entire Region | |
2244 | |
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2245 This section describes commands that indent all the lines in the |
6558 | 2246 region. They return unpredictable values. |
2247 | |
2248 @deffn Command indent-region start end to-column | |
2249 This command indents each nonblank line starting between @var{start} | |
2250 (inclusive) and @var{end} (exclusive). If @var{to-column} is | |
2251 @code{nil}, @code{indent-region} indents each nonblank line by calling | |
2252 the current mode's indentation function, the value of | |
2253 @code{indent-line-function}. | |
2254 | |
2255 If @var{to-column} is non-@code{nil}, it should be an integer | |
2256 specifying the number of columns of indentation; then this function | |
2257 gives each line exactly that much indentation, by either adding or | |
2258 deleting whitespace. | |
2259 | |
2260 If there is a fill prefix, @code{indent-region} indents each line | |
2261 by making it start with the fill prefix. | |
2262 @end deffn | |
2263 | |
2264 @defvar indent-region-function | |
2265 The value of this variable is a function that can be used by | |
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2266 @code{indent-region} as a short cut. It should take two arguments, the |
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2267 start and end of the region. You should design the function so |
6558 | 2268 that it will produce the same results as indenting the lines of the |
2269 region one by one, but presumably faster. | |
2270 | |
2271 If the value is @code{nil}, there is no short cut, and | |
2272 @code{indent-region} actually works line by line. | |
2273 | |
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2274 A short-cut function is useful in modes such as C mode and Lisp mode, |
6558 | 2275 where the @code{indent-line-function} must scan from the beginning of |
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2276 the function definition: applying it to each line would be quadratic in |
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2277 time. The short cut can update the scan information as it moves through |
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2278 the lines indenting them; this takes linear time. In a mode where |
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2279 indenting a line individually is fast, there is no need for a short cut. |
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2280 |
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2281 @code{indent-region} with a non-@code{nil} argument @var{to-column} has |
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2282 a different meaning and does not use this variable. |
6558 | 2283 @end defvar |
2284 | |
2285 @deffn Command indent-rigidly start end count | |
2286 @comment !!SourceFile indent.el | |
2287 This command indents all lines starting between @var{start} | |
2288 (inclusive) and @var{end} (exclusive) sideways by @var{count} columns. | |
2289 This ``preserves the shape'' of the affected region, moving it as a | |
2290 rigid unit. Consequently, this command is useful not only for indenting | |
2291 regions of unindented text, but also for indenting regions of formatted | |
2292 code. | |
2293 | |
2294 For example, if @var{count} is 3, this command adds 3 columns of | |
2295 indentation to each of the lines beginning in the region specified. | |
2296 | |
2297 In Mail mode, @kbd{C-c C-y} (@code{mail-yank-original}) uses | |
2298 @code{indent-rigidly} to indent the text copied from the message being | |
2299 replied to. | |
2300 @end deffn | |
2301 | |
2302 @defun indent-code-rigidly start end columns &optional nochange-regexp | |
2303 This is like @code{indent-rigidly}, except that it doesn't alter lines | |
2304 that start within strings or comments. | |
2305 | |
2306 In addition, it doesn't alter a line if @var{nochange-regexp} matches at | |
2307 the beginning of the line (if @var{nochange-regexp} is non-@code{nil}). | |
2308 @end defun | |
2309 | |
2310 @node Relative Indent | |
2311 @subsection Indentation Relative to Previous Lines | |
2312 | |
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2313 This section describes two commands that indent the current line |
6558 | 2314 based on the contents of previous lines. |
2315 | |
2316 @deffn Command indent-relative &optional unindented-ok | |
2317 This command inserts whitespace at point, extending to the same | |
2318 column as the next @dfn{indent point} of the previous nonblank line. An | |
2319 indent point is a non-whitespace character following whitespace. The | |
2320 next indent point is the first one at a column greater than the current | |
2321 column of point. For example, if point is underneath and to the left of | |
2322 the first non-blank character of a line of text, it moves to that column | |
2323 by inserting whitespace. | |
2324 | |
2325 If the previous nonblank line has no next indent point (i.e., none at a | |
2326 great enough column position), @code{indent-relative} either does | |
2327 nothing (if @var{unindented-ok} is non-@code{nil}) or calls | |
2328 @code{tab-to-tab-stop}. Thus, if point is underneath and to the right | |
2329 of the last column of a short line of text, this command ordinarily | |
2330 moves point to the next tab stop by inserting whitespace. | |
2331 | |
2332 The return value of @code{indent-relative} is unpredictable. | |
2333 | |
2334 In the following example, point is at the beginning of the second | |
2335 line: | |
2336 | |
2337 @example | |
2338 @group | |
2339 This line is indented twelve spaces. | |
2340 @point{}The quick brown fox jumped. | |
2341 @end group | |
2342 @end example | |
2343 | |
2344 @noindent | |
2345 Evaluation of the expression @code{(indent-relative nil)} produces the | |
2346 following: | |
2347 | |
2348 @example | |
2349 @group | |
2350 This line is indented twelve spaces. | |
2351 @point{}The quick brown fox jumped. | |
2352 @end group | |
2353 @end example | |
2354 | |
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2355 In this next example, point is between the @samp{m} and @samp{p} of |
6558 | 2356 @samp{jumped}: |
2357 | |
2358 @example | |
2359 @group | |
2360 This line is indented twelve spaces. | |
2361 The quick brown fox jum@point{}ped. | |
2362 @end group | |
2363 @end example | |
2364 | |
2365 @noindent | |
2366 Evaluation of the expression @code{(indent-relative nil)} produces the | |
2367 following: | |
2368 | |
2369 @example | |
2370 @group | |
2371 This line is indented twelve spaces. | |
2372 The quick brown fox jum @point{}ped. | |
2373 @end group | |
2374 @end example | |
2375 @end deffn | |
2376 | |
2377 @deffn Command indent-relative-maybe | |
2378 @comment !!SourceFile indent.el | |
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2379 This command indents the current line like the previous nonblank line, |
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2380 by calling @code{indent-relative} with @code{t} as the |
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2381 @var{unindented-ok} argument. The return value is unpredictable. |
6558 | 2382 |
2383 If the previous nonblank line has no indent points beyond the current | |
2384 column, this command does nothing. | |
2385 @end deffn | |
2386 | |
2387 @node Indent Tabs | |
2388 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
2389 @subsection Adjustable ``Tab Stops'' | |
2390 @cindex tabs stops for indentation | |
2391 | |
2392 This section explains the mechanism for user-specified ``tab stops'' | |
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2393 and the mechanisms that use and set them. The name ``tab stops'' is |
6558 | 2394 used because the feature is similar to that of the tab stops on a |
2395 typewriter. The feature works by inserting an appropriate number of | |
2396 spaces and tab characters to reach the next tab stop column; it does not | |
2397 affect the display of tab characters in the buffer (@pxref{Usual | |
2398 Display}). Note that the @key{TAB} character as input uses this tab | |
2399 stop feature only in a few major modes, such as Text mode. | |
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2400 @xref{Tab Stops,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
6558 | 2401 |
2402 @deffn Command tab-to-tab-stop | |
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2403 This command inserts spaces or tabs before point, up to the next tab |
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2404 stop column defined by @code{tab-stop-list}. It searches the list for |
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2405 an element greater than the current column number, and uses that element |
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2406 as the column to indent to. It does nothing if no such element is |
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2407 found. |
6558 | 2408 @end deffn |
2409 | |
2410 @defopt tab-stop-list | |
2411 This variable is the list of tab stop columns used by | |
2412 @code{tab-to-tab-stops}. The elements should be integers in increasing | |
2413 order. The tab stop columns need not be evenly spaced. | |
2414 | |
2415 Use @kbd{M-x edit-tab-stops} to edit the location of tab stops | |
2416 interactively. | |
2417 @end defopt | |
2418 | |
2419 @node Motion by Indent | |
2420 @subsection Indentation-Based Motion Commands | |
2421 | |
2422 These commands, primarily for interactive use, act based on the | |
2423 indentation in the text. | |
2424 | |
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2425 @deffn Command back-to-indentation |
6558 | 2426 @comment !!SourceFile simple.el |
2427 This command moves point to the first non-whitespace character in the | |
2428 current line (which is the line in which point is located). It returns | |
2429 @code{nil}. | |
2430 @end deffn | |
2431 | |
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2432 @deffn Command backward-to-indentation &optional arg |
6558 | 2433 @comment !!SourceFile simple.el |
2434 This command moves point backward @var{arg} lines and then to the | |
2435 first nonblank character on that line. It returns @code{nil}. | |
52544
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2436 If @var{arg} is omitted or @code{nil}, it defaults to 1. |
6558 | 2437 @end deffn |
2438 | |
52544
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2439 @deffn Command forward-to-indentation &optional arg |
6558 | 2440 @comment !!SourceFile simple.el |
2441 This command moves point forward @var{arg} lines and then to the first | |
2442 nonblank character on that line. It returns @code{nil}. | |
52544
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2443 If @var{arg} is omitted or @code{nil}, it defaults to 1. |
6558 | 2444 @end deffn |
2445 | |
2446 @node Case Changes | |
2447 @comment node-name, next, previous, up | |
2448 @section Case Changes | |
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2449 @cindex case conversion in buffers |
6558 | 2450 |
2451 The case change commands described here work on text in the current | |
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2452 buffer. @xref{Case Conversion}, for case conversion functions that work |
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2453 on strings and characters. @xref{Case Tables}, for how to customize |
6558 | 2454 which characters are upper or lower case and how to convert them. |
2455 | |
2456 @deffn Command capitalize-region start end | |
2457 This function capitalizes all words in the region defined by | |
2458 @var{start} and @var{end}. To capitalize means to convert each word's | |
2459 first character to upper case and convert the rest of each word to lower | |
2460 case. The function returns @code{nil}. | |
2461 | |
2462 If one end of the region is in the middle of a word, the part of the | |
2463 word within the region is treated as an entire word. | |
2464 | |
2465 When @code{capitalize-region} is called interactively, @var{start} and | |
2466 @var{end} are point and the mark, with the smallest first. | |
2467 | |
2468 @example | |
2469 @group | |
2470 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
2471 This is the contents of the 5th foo. | |
2472 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
2473 @end group | |
2474 | |
2475 @group | |
2476 (capitalize-region 1 44) | |
2477 @result{} nil | |
2478 | |
2479 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
2480 This Is The Contents Of The 5th Foo. | |
2481 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
2482 @end group | |
2483 @end example | |
2484 @end deffn | |
2485 | |
2486 @deffn Command downcase-region start end | |
2487 This function converts all of the letters in the region defined by | |
2488 @var{start} and @var{end} to lower case. The function returns | |
2489 @code{nil}. | |
2490 | |
2491 When @code{downcase-region} is called interactively, @var{start} and | |
2492 @var{end} are point and the mark, with the smallest first. | |
2493 @end deffn | |
2494 | |
2495 @deffn Command upcase-region start end | |
2496 This function converts all of the letters in the region defined by | |
2497 @var{start} and @var{end} to upper case. The function returns | |
2498 @code{nil}. | |
2499 | |
2500 When @code{upcase-region} is called interactively, @var{start} and | |
2501 @var{end} are point and the mark, with the smallest first. | |
2502 @end deffn | |
2503 | |
2504 @deffn Command capitalize-word count | |
2505 This function capitalizes @var{count} words after point, moving point | |
2506 over as it does. To capitalize means to convert each word's first | |
2507 character to upper case and convert the rest of each word to lower case. | |
2508 If @var{count} is negative, the function capitalizes the | |
2509 @minus{}@var{count} previous words but does not move point. The value | |
2510 is @code{nil}. | |
2511 | |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2512 If point is in the middle of a word, the part of the word before point |
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
2513 is ignored when moving forward. The rest is treated as an entire word. |
6558 | 2514 |
2515 When @code{capitalize-word} is called interactively, @var{count} is | |
2516 set to the numeric prefix argument. | |
2517 @end deffn | |
2518 | |
2519 @deffn Command downcase-word count | |
2520 This function converts the @var{count} words after point to all lower | |
2521 case, moving point over as it does. If @var{count} is negative, it | |
2522 converts the @minus{}@var{count} previous words but does not move point. | |
2523 The value is @code{nil}. | |
2524 | |
2525 When @code{downcase-word} is called interactively, @var{count} is set | |
2526 to the numeric prefix argument. | |
2527 @end deffn | |
2528 | |
2529 @deffn Command upcase-word count | |
2530 This function converts the @var{count} words after point to all upper | |
2531 case, moving point over as it does. If @var{count} is negative, it | |
2532 converts the @minus{}@var{count} previous words but does not move point. | |
2533 The value is @code{nil}. | |
2534 | |
2535 When @code{upcase-word} is called interactively, @var{count} is set to | |
2536 the numeric prefix argument. | |
2537 @end deffn | |
2538 | |
2539 @node Text Properties | |
2540 @section Text Properties | |
2541 @cindex text properties | |
2542 @cindex attributes of text | |
2543 @cindex properties of text | |
2544 | |
2545 Each character position in a buffer or a string can have a @dfn{text | |
2546 property list}, much like the property list of a symbol (@pxref{Property | |
2547 Lists}). The properties belong to a particular character at a | |
2548 particular place, such as, the letter @samp{T} at the beginning of this | |
2549 sentence or the first @samp{o} in @samp{foo}---if the same character | |
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|
2550 occurs in two different places, the two occurrences in general have |
6558 | 2551 different properties. |
2552 | |
2553 Each property has a name and a value. Both of these can be any Lisp | |
71645
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|
2554 object, but the name is normally a symbol. Typically each property |
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|
2555 name symbol is used for a particular purpose; for instance, the text |
0fc55b1cc3c9
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changeset
|
2556 property @code{face} specifies the faces for displaying the character |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2557 (@pxref{Special Properties}). The usual way to access the property |
0fc55b1cc3c9
(Buffer Contents): Add example of text props in result of buffer-substring.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2558 list is to specify a name and ask what value corresponds to it. |
6558 | 2559 |
2560 If a character has a @code{category} property, we call it the | |
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|
2561 @dfn{property category} of the character. It should be a symbol. The |
207f5fae3c52
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|
2562 properties of the symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the |
207f5fae3c52
Improve index entries. Remove redundant/useless ones.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
2563 character. |
6558 | 2564 |
2565 Copying text between strings and buffers preserves the properties | |
2566 along with the characters; this includes such diverse functions as | |
2567 @code{substring}, @code{insert}, and @code{buffer-substring}. | |
2568 | |
2569 @menu | |
40588
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2570 * Examining Properties:: Looking at the properties of one character. |
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2571 * Changing Properties:: Setting the properties of a range of text. |
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2572 * Property Search:: Searching for where a property changes value. |
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2573 * Special Properties:: Particular properties with special meanings. |
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|
2574 * Format Properties:: Properties for representing formatting of text. |
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2575 * Sticky Properties:: How inserted text gets properties from |
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2576 neighboring text. |
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|
2577 * Saving Properties:: Saving text properties in files, and reading |
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2578 them back. |
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2579 * Lazy Properties:: Computing text properties in a lazy fashion |
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2580 only when text is examined. |
86c8a6492402
Minor menu indentation cleanup.
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|
2581 * Clickable Text:: Using text properties to make regions of text |
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|
2582 do something when you click on them. |
59504
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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2583 * Links and Mouse-1:: How to make @key{Mouse-1} follow a link. |
40588
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2584 * Fields:: The @code{field} property defines |
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|
2585 fields within the buffer. |
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|
2586 * Not Intervals:: Why text properties do not use |
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|
2587 Lisp-visible text intervals. |
6558 | 2588 @end menu |
2589 | |
2590 @node Examining Properties | |
2591 @subsection Examining Text Properties | |
2592 | |
2593 The simplest way to examine text properties is to ask for the value of | |
2594 a particular property of a particular character. For that, use | |
2595 @code{get-text-property}. Use @code{text-properties-at} to get the | |
2596 entire property list of a character. @xref{Property Search}, for | |
2597 functions to examine the properties of a number of characters at once. | |
2598 | |
2599 These functions handle both strings and buffers. Keep in mind that | |
2600 positions in a string start from 0, whereas positions in a buffer start | |
2601 from 1. | |
2602 | |
2603 @defun get-text-property pos prop &optional object | |
2604 This function returns the value of the @var{prop} property of the | |
2605 character after position @var{pos} in @var{object} (a buffer or | |
2606 string). The argument @var{object} is optional and defaults to the | |
2607 current buffer. | |
2608 | |
2609 If there is no @var{prop} property strictly speaking, but the character | |
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2610 has a property category that is a symbol, then @code{get-text-property} returns |
6558 | 2611 the @var{prop} property of that symbol. |
2612 @end defun | |
2613 | |
53435
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2614 @defun get-char-property position prop &optional object |
6558 | 2615 This function is like @code{get-text-property}, except that it checks |
2616 overlays first and then text properties. @xref{Overlays}. | |
2617 | |
79011
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2618 The argument @var{object} may be a string, a buffer, or a window. If |
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2619 it is a window, then the buffer displayed in that window is used for |
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(Examining Properties): Mention overlay priority.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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2620 text properties and overlays, but only the overlays active for that |
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(Examining Properties): Mention overlay priority.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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2621 window are considered. If @var{object} is a buffer, then overlays in |
e8263132a24d
(Examining Properties): Mention overlay priority.
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2622 that buffer are considered first, in order of decreasing priority, |
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(Examining Properties): Mention overlay priority.
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|
2623 followed by the text properties. If @var{object} is a string, only |
e8263132a24d
(Examining Properties): Mention overlay priority.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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2624 text properties are considered, since strings never have overlays. |
6558 | 2625 @end defun |
2626 | |
53435
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2627 @defun get-char-property-and-overlay position prop &optional object |
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2628 This is like @code{get-char-property}, but gives extra information |
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|
2629 about the overlay that the property value comes from. |
0f3abb6bbf27
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|
2630 |
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(Examining Properties): Add get-char-property-and-overlay.
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2631 Its value is a cons cell whose @sc{car} is the property value, the |
0f3abb6bbf27
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2632 same value @code{get-char-property} would return with the same |
0f3abb6bbf27
(Examining Properties): Add get-char-property-and-overlay.
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|
2633 arguments. Its @sc{cdr} is the overlay in which the property was |
0f3abb6bbf27
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|
2634 found, or @code{nil}, if it was found as a text property or not found |
0f3abb6bbf27
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2635 at all. |
0f3abb6bbf27
(Examining Properties): Add get-char-property-and-overlay.
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|
2636 |
0f3abb6bbf27
(Examining Properties): Add get-char-property-and-overlay.
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2637 If @var{position} is at the end of @var{object}, both the @sc{car} and |
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|
2638 the @sc{cdr} of the value are @code{nil}. |
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2639 @end defun |
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2640 |
45685
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(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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|
2641 @defvar char-property-alias-alist |
4ff98d5e3cf5
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2642 This variable holds an alist which maps property names to a list of |
4ff98d5e3cf5
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|
2643 alternative property names. If a character does not specify a direct |
4ff98d5e3cf5
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changeset
|
2644 value for a property, the alternative property names are consulted in |
51702
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(Buffer Contents): Document current-word.
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2645 order; the first non-@code{nil} value is used. This variable takes |
45685
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(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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changeset
|
2646 precedence over @code{default-text-properties}, and @code{category} |
4ff98d5e3cf5
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|
2647 properties take precedence over this variable. |
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|
2648 @end defvar |
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|
2649 |
6558 | 2650 @defun text-properties-at position &optional object |
2651 This function returns the entire property list of the character at | |
2652 @var{position} in the string or buffer @var{object}. If @var{object} is | |
2653 @code{nil}, it defaults to the current buffer. | |
2654 @end defun | |
2655 | |
12067 | 2656 @defvar default-text-properties |
2657 This variable holds a property list giving default values for text | |
2658 properties. Whenever a character does not specify a value for a | |
45685
4ff98d5e3cf5
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changeset
|
2659 property, neither directly, through a category symbol, or through |
4ff98d5e3cf5
(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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changeset
|
2660 @code{char-property-alias-alist}, the value stored in this list is |
4ff98d5e3cf5
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diff
changeset
|
2661 used instead. Here is an example: |
12067 | 2662 |
2663 @example | |
45685
4ff98d5e3cf5
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changeset
|
2664 (setq default-text-properties '(foo 69) |
4ff98d5e3cf5
(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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diff
changeset
|
2665 char-property-alias-alist nil) |
12067 | 2666 ;; @r{Make sure character 1 has no properties of its own.} |
2667 (set-text-properties 1 2 nil) | |
2668 ;; @r{What we get, when we ask, is the default value.} | |
2669 (get-text-property 1 'foo) | |
2670 @result{} 69 | |
2671 @end example | |
2672 @end defvar | |
2673 | |
6558 | 2674 @node Changing Properties |
2675 @subsection Changing Text Properties | |
2676 | |
2677 The primitives for changing properties apply to a specified range of | |
18339
7def48db254a
Clarify about text props in strings and how to remove all of them.
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|
2678 text in a buffer or string. The function @code{set-text-properties} |
7def48db254a
Clarify about text props in strings and how to remove all of them.
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diff
changeset
|
2679 (see end of section) sets the entire property list of the text in that |
7def48db254a
Clarify about text props in strings and how to remove all of them.
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|
2680 range; more often, it is useful to add, change, or delete just certain |
7def48db254a
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|
2681 properties specified by name. |
7def48db254a
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|
2682 |
7def48db254a
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changeset
|
2683 Since text properties are considered part of the contents of the |
49184
55666b1c590b
(Changing Properties): Say string indices are origin-0.
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changeset
|
2684 buffer (or string), and can affect how a buffer looks on the screen, |
55666b1c590b
(Changing Properties): Say string indices are origin-0.
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changeset
|
2685 any change in buffer text properties marks the buffer as modified. |
55666b1c590b
(Changing Properties): Say string indices are origin-0.
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changeset
|
2686 Buffer text property changes are undoable also (@pxref{Undo}). |
55666b1c590b
(Changing Properties): Say string indices are origin-0.
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changeset
|
2687 Positions in a string start from 0, whereas positions in a buffer |
55666b1c590b
(Changing Properties): Say string indices are origin-0.
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changeset
|
2688 start from 1. |
6558 | 2689 |
12098 | 2690 @defun put-text-property start end prop value &optional object |
2691 This function sets the @var{prop} property to @var{value} for the text | |
2692 between @var{start} and @var{end} in the string or buffer @var{object}. | |
2693 If @var{object} is @code{nil}, it defaults to the current buffer. | |
2694 @end defun | |
2695 | |
6558 | 2696 @defun add-text-properties start end props &optional object |
21007
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*** empty log message ***
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diff
changeset
|
2697 This function adds or overrides text properties for the text between |
6558 | 2698 @var{start} and @var{end} in the string or buffer @var{object}. If |
2699 @var{object} is @code{nil}, it defaults to the current buffer. | |
2700 | |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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changeset
|
2701 The argument @var{props} specifies which properties to add. It should |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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19467
diff
changeset
|
2702 have the form of a property list (@pxref{Property Lists}): a list whose |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
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19467
diff
changeset
|
2703 elements include the property names followed alternately by the |
6558 | 2704 corresponding values. |
2705 | |
2706 The return value is @code{t} if the function actually changed some | |
2707 property's value; @code{nil} otherwise (if @var{props} is @code{nil} or | |
2708 its values agree with those in the text). | |
2709 | |
2710 For example, here is how to set the @code{comment} and @code{face} | |
2711 properties of a range of text: | |
2712 | |
2713 @example | |
2714 (add-text-properties @var{start} @var{end} | |
2715 '(comment t face highlight)) | |
2716 @end example | |
2717 @end defun | |
2718 | |
2719 @defun remove-text-properties start end props &optional object | |
2720 This function deletes specified text properties from the text between | |
2721 @var{start} and @var{end} in the string or buffer @var{object}. If | |
2722 @var{object} is @code{nil}, it defaults to the current buffer. | |
2723 | |
2724 The argument @var{props} specifies which properties to delete. It | |
2725 should have the form of a property list (@pxref{Property Lists}): a list | |
2726 whose elements are property names alternating with corresponding values. | |
2727 But only the names matter---the values that accompany them are ignored. | |
2728 For example, here's how to remove the @code{face} property. | |
2729 | |
2730 @example | |
2731 (remove-text-properties @var{start} @var{end} '(face nil)) | |
2732 @end example | |
2733 | |
2734 The return value is @code{t} if the function actually changed some | |
2735 property's value; @code{nil} otherwise (if @var{props} is @code{nil} or | |
2736 if no character in the specified text had any of those properties). | |
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2737 |
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2738 To remove all text properties from certain text, use |
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2739 @code{set-text-properties} and specify @code{nil} for the new property |
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2740 list. |
6558 | 2741 @end defun |
2742 | |
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2743 @defun remove-list-of-text-properties start end list-of-properties &optional object |
60679
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2744 Like @code{remove-text-properties} except that |
68084 | 2745 @var{list-of-properties} is a list of property names only, not an |
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2746 alternating list of property names and values. |
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2747 @end defun |
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2748 |
6558 | 2749 @defun set-text-properties start end props &optional object |
2750 This function completely replaces the text property list for the text | |
2751 between @var{start} and @var{end} in the string or buffer @var{object}. | |
2752 If @var{object} is @code{nil}, it defaults to the current buffer. | |
2753 | |
2754 The argument @var{props} is the new property list. It should be a list | |
2755 whose elements are property names alternating with corresponding values. | |
2756 | |
2757 After @code{set-text-properties} returns, all the characters in the | |
2758 specified range have identical properties. | |
2759 | |
2760 If @var{props} is @code{nil}, the effect is to get rid of all properties | |
2761 from the specified range of text. Here's an example: | |
2762 | |
2763 @example | |
2764 (set-text-properties @var{start} @var{end} nil) | |
2765 @end example | |
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2766 |
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2767 Do not rely on the return value of this function. |
6558 | 2768 @end defun |
2769 | |
25875 | 2770 The easiest way to make a string with text properties |
2771 is with @code{propertize}: | |
2772 | |
2773 @defun propertize string &rest properties | |
2774 This function returns a copy of @var{string} which has the text | |
2775 properties @var{properties}. These properties apply to all the | |
2776 characters in the string that is returned. Here is an example that | |
2777 constructs a string with a @code{face} property and a @code{mouse-face} | |
2778 property: | |
2779 | |
2780 @smallexample | |
2781 (propertize "foo" 'face 'italic | |
2782 'mouse-face 'bold-italic) | |
2783 @result{} #("foo" 0 3 (mouse-face bold-italic face italic)) | |
2784 @end smallexample | |
2785 | |
2786 To put different properties on various parts of a string, you can | |
2787 construct each part with @code{propertize} and then combine them with | |
2788 @code{concat}: | |
2789 | |
2790 @smallexample | |
2791 (concat | |
2792 (propertize "foo" 'face 'italic | |
2793 'mouse-face 'bold-italic) | |
2794 " and " | |
2795 (propertize "bar" 'face 'italic | |
2796 'mouse-face 'bold-italic)) | |
2797 @result{} #("foo and bar" | |
2798 0 3 (face italic mouse-face bold-italic) | |
2799 3 8 nil | |
2800 8 11 (face italic mouse-face bold-italic)) | |
2801 @end smallexample | |
2802 @end defun | |
2803 | |
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2804 See also the function @code{buffer-substring-no-properties} |
12067 | 2805 (@pxref{Buffer Contents}) which copies text from the buffer |
2806 but does not copy its properties. | |
2807 | |
6558 | 2808 @node Property Search |
21007
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2809 @subsection Text Property Search Functions |
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2810 |
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2811 In typical use of text properties, most of the time several or many |
6558 | 2812 consecutive characters have the same value for a property. Rather than |
2813 writing your programs to examine characters one by one, it is much | |
2814 faster to process chunks of text that have the same property value. | |
2815 | |
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2816 Here are functions you can use to do this. They use @code{eq} for |
12098 | 2817 comparing property values. In all cases, @var{object} defaults to the |
2818 current buffer. | |
6558 | 2819 |
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2820 For high performance, it's very important to use the @var{limit} |
6558 | 2821 argument to these functions, especially the ones that search for a |
12098 | 2822 single property---otherwise, they may spend a long time scanning to the |
2823 end of the buffer, if the property you are interested in does not change. | |
6558 | 2824 |
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2825 These functions do not move point; instead, they return a position (or |
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2826 @code{nil}). Remember that a position is always between two characters; |
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2827 the position returned by these functions is between two characters with |
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2828 different properties. |
8427
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2829 |
6558 | 2830 @defun next-property-change pos &optional object limit |
2831 The function scans the text forward from position @var{pos} in the | |
2832 string or buffer @var{object} till it finds a change in some text | |
2833 property, then returns the position of the change. In other words, it | |
2834 returns the position of the first character beyond @var{pos} whose | |
2835 properties are not identical to those of the character just after | |
2836 @var{pos}. | |
2837 | |
2838 If @var{limit} is non-@code{nil}, then the scan ends at position | |
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2839 @var{limit}. If there is no property change before that point, |
6558 | 2840 @code{next-property-change} returns @var{limit}. |
2841 | |
2842 The value is @code{nil} if the properties remain unchanged all the way | |
8427
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2843 to the end of @var{object} and @var{limit} is @code{nil}. If the value |
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2844 is non-@code{nil}, it is a position greater than or equal to @var{pos}. |
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2845 The value equals @var{pos} only when @var{limit} equals @var{pos}. |
6558 | 2846 |
2847 Here is an example of how to scan the buffer by chunks of text within | |
2848 which all properties are constant: | |
2849 | |
2850 @smallexample | |
2851 (while (not (eobp)) | |
2852 (let ((plist (text-properties-at (point))) | |
2853 (next-change | |
2854 (or (next-property-change (point) (current-buffer)) | |
2855 (point-max)))) | |
2856 @r{Process text from point to @var{next-change}@dots{}} | |
2857 (goto-char next-change))) | |
2858 @end smallexample | |
2859 @end defun | |
2860 | |
71645
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2861 @defun previous-property-change pos &optional object limit |
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2862 This is like @code{next-property-change}, but scans back from @var{pos} |
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2863 instead of forward. If the value is non-@code{nil}, it is a position |
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2864 less than or equal to @var{pos}; it equals @var{pos} only if @var{limit} |
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2865 equals @var{pos}. |
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2866 @end defun |
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2867 |
6558 | 2868 @defun next-single-property-change pos prop &optional object limit |
71645
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2869 The function scans text for a change in the @var{prop} property, then |
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2870 returns the position of the change. The scan goes forward from |
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2871 position @var{pos} in the string or buffer @var{object}. In other |
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2872 words, this function returns the position of the first character |
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2873 beyond @var{pos} whose @var{prop} property differs from that of the |
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2874 character just after @var{pos}. |
6558 | 2875 |
2876 If @var{limit} is non-@code{nil}, then the scan ends at position | |
49600
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2877 @var{limit}. If there is no property change before that point, |
6558 | 2878 @code{next-single-property-change} returns @var{limit}. |
2879 | |
2880 The value is @code{nil} if the property remains unchanged all the way to | |
2881 the end of @var{object} and @var{limit} is @code{nil}. If the value is | |
2882 non-@code{nil}, it is a position greater than or equal to @var{pos}; it | |
2883 equals @var{pos} only if @var{limit} equals @var{pos}. | |
2884 @end defun | |
2885 | |
2886 @defun previous-single-property-change pos prop &optional object limit | |
8427
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2887 This is like @code{next-single-property-change}, but scans back from |
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2888 @var{pos} instead of forward. If the value is non-@code{nil}, it is a |
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2889 position less than or equal to @var{pos}; it equals @var{pos} only if |
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2890 @var{limit} equals @var{pos}. |
6558 | 2891 @end defun |
2892 | |
39528
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2893 @defun next-char-property-change pos &optional limit |
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2894 This is like @code{next-property-change} except that it considers |
39528
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2895 overlay properties as well as text properties, and if no change is |
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2896 found before the end of the buffer, it returns the maximum buffer |
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2897 position rather than @code{nil} (in this sense, it resembles the |
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2898 corresponding overlay function @code{next-overlay-change}, rather than |
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2899 @code{next-property-change}). There is no @var{object} operand |
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2900 because this function operates only on the current buffer. It returns |
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2901 the next address at which either kind of property changes. |
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2902 @end defun |
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2903 |
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2904 @defun previous-char-property-change pos &optional limit |
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2905 This is like @code{next-char-property-change}, but scans back from |
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2906 @var{pos} instead of forward, and returns the minimum buffer |
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2907 position if no change is found. |
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2908 @end defun |
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2909 |
39528
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2910 @defun next-single-char-property-change pos prop &optional object limit |
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2911 This is like @code{next-single-property-change} except that it |
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2912 considers overlay properties as well as text properties, and if no |
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2913 change is found before the end of the @var{object}, it returns the |
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2914 maximum valid position in @var{object} rather than @code{nil}. Unlike |
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2915 @code{next-char-property-change}, this function @emph{does} have an |
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2916 @var{object} operand; if @var{object} is not a buffer, only |
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2917 text-properties are considered. |
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2918 @end defun |
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2919 |
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2920 @defun previous-single-char-property-change pos prop &optional object limit |
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2921 This is like @code{next-single-char-property-change}, but scans back |
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2922 from @var{pos} instead of forward, and returns the minimum valid |
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2923 position in @var{object} if no change is found. |
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2924 @end defun |
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2925 |
6558 | 2926 @defun text-property-any start end prop value &optional object |
2927 This function returns non-@code{nil} if at least one character between | |
2928 @var{start} and @var{end} has a property @var{prop} whose value is | |
2929 @var{value}. More precisely, it returns the position of the first such | |
2930 character. Otherwise, it returns @code{nil}. | |
2931 | |
2932 The optional fifth argument, @var{object}, specifies the string or | |
2933 buffer to scan. Positions are relative to @var{object}. The default | |
2934 for @var{object} is the current buffer. | |
2935 @end defun | |
2936 | |
2937 @defun text-property-not-all start end prop value &optional object | |
2938 This function returns non-@code{nil} if at least one character between | |
21007
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2939 @var{start} and @var{end} does not have a property @var{prop} with value |
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2940 @var{value}. More precisely, it returns the position of the first such |
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2941 character. Otherwise, it returns @code{nil}. |
6558 | 2942 |
2943 The optional fifth argument, @var{object}, specifies the string or | |
2944 buffer to scan. Positions are relative to @var{object}. The default | |
2945 for @var{object} is the current buffer. | |
2946 @end defun | |
2947 | |
2948 @node Special Properties | |
2949 @subsection Properties with Special Meanings | |
2950 | |
12098 | 2951 Here is a table of text property names that have special built-in |
21682
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2952 meanings. The following sections list a few additional special property |
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2953 names that control filling and property inheritance. All other names |
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2954 have no standard meaning, and you can use them as you like. |
12098 | 2955 |
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2956 Note: the properties @code{composition}, @code{display}, |
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2957 @code{invisible} and @code{intangible} can also cause point to move to |
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|
2958 an acceptable place, after each Emacs command. @xref{Adjusting |
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|
2959 Point}. |
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|
2960 |
6558 | 2961 @table @code |
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|
2962 @cindex property category of text character |
6558 | 2963 @kindex category @r{(text property)} |
2964 @item category | |
2965 If a character has a @code{category} property, we call it the | |
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|
2966 @dfn{property category} of the character. It should be a symbol. The |
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parents:
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|
2967 properties of this symbol serve as defaults for the properties of the |
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parents:
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|
2968 character. |
6558 | 2969 |
2970 @item face | |
2971 @cindex face codes of text | |
2972 @kindex face @r{(text property)} | |
2973 You can use the property @code{face} to control the font and color of | |
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2974 text. @xref{Faces}, for more information. |
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2975 |
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2976 In the simplest case, the value is a face name. It can also be a list; |
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2977 then each element can be any of these possibilities; |
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2978 |
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2979 @itemize @bullet |
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2980 @item |
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2981 A face name (a symbol or string). |
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2982 |
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2983 @item |
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2984 A property list of face attributes. This has the |
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2985 form (@var{keyword} @var{value} @dots{}), where each @var{keyword} is a |
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2986 face attribute name and @var{value} is a meaningful value for that |
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2987 attribute. With this feature, you do not need to create a face each |
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2988 time you want to specify a particular attribute for certain text. |
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2989 @xref{Face Attributes}. |
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2990 |
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2991 @item |
77123 | 2992 A cons cell with the form @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} or |
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2993 @code{(background-color . @var{color-name})}. These elements specify |
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(Special Properties): Add an xref to "Color Names".
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|
2994 just the foreground color or just the background color. @xref{Color |
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(Special Properties): Add an xref to "Color Names".
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2995 Names}, for the supported forms of @var{color-name}. |
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2996 |
77123 | 2997 A cons cell of @code{(foreground-color . @var{color-name})} is equivalent to |
2998 specifying @code{(:foreground @var{color-name})}; likewise for the | |
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Fix formatting ugliness.
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2999 background. |
25751
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3000 @end itemize |
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3001 |
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(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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parents:
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|
3002 You can use Font Lock Mode (@pxref{Font Lock Mode}), to dynamically |
4ff98d5e3cf5
(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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parents:
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changeset
|
3003 update @code{face} properties based on the contents of the text. |
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parents:
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|
3004 |
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|
3005 @item font-lock-face |
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(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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|
3006 @kindex font-lock-face @r{(text property)} |
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parents:
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changeset
|
3007 The @code{font-lock-face} property is the same in all respects as the |
4ff98d5e3cf5
(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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parents:
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changeset
|
3008 @code{face} property, but its state of activation is controlled by |
4ff98d5e3cf5
(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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parents:
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changeset
|
3009 @code{font-lock-mode}. This can be advantageous for special buffers |
4ff98d5e3cf5
(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
3010 which are not intended to be user-editable, or for static areas of |
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(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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parents:
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changeset
|
3011 text which are always fontified in the same way. |
4ff98d5e3cf5
(char-property-alias-alist): New variable; describe its relation to
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parents:
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|
3012 @xref{Precalculated Fontification}. |
4ff98d5e3cf5
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parents:
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|
3013 |
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|
3014 Strictly speaking, @code{font-lock-face} is not a built-in text |
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parents:
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|
3015 property; rather, it is implemented in Font Lock mode using |
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parents:
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|
3016 @code{char-property-alias-alist}. @xref{Examining Properties}. |
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|
3017 |
59996
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Change release version from 21.4 to 22.1 throughout.
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3018 This property is new in Emacs 22.1. |
6558 | 3019 |
3020 @item mouse-face | |
3021 @kindex mouse-face @r{(text property)} | |
3022 The property @code{mouse-face} is used instead of @code{face} when the | |
3023 mouse is on or near the character. For this purpose, ``near'' means | |
3024 that all text between the character and where the mouse is have the same | |
3025 @code{mouse-face} property value. | |
3026 | |
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3027 @item fontified |
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3028 @kindex fontified @r{(text property)} |
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3029 This property says whether the text is ready for display. If |
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(Special Properties): Correct meaning of fontified face. Text
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3030 @code{nil}, Emacs's redisplay routine calls the functions in |
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3031 @code{fontification-functions} (@pxref{Auto Faces}) to prepare this |
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|
3032 part of the buffer before it is displayed. It is used internally by |
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|
3033 the ``just in time'' font locking code. |
25751
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3034 |
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3035 @item display |
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3036 This property activates various features that change the |
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3037 way text is displayed. For example, it can make text appear taller |
27374
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3038 or shorter, higher or lower, wider or narrow, or replaced with an image. |
25751
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3039 @xref{Display Property}. |
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3040 |
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3041 @item help-echo |
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3042 @kindex help-echo @r{(text property)} |
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3043 @cindex tooltip |
31079 | 3044 @anchor{Text help-echo} |
25751
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3045 If text has a string as its @code{help-echo} property, then when you |
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3046 move the mouse onto that text, Emacs displays that string in the echo |
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3047 area, or in the tooltip window (@pxref{Tooltips,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
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|
3048 Manual}). |
31079 | 3049 |
31372 | 3050 If the value of the @code{help-echo} property is a function, that |
31079 | 3051 function is called with three arguments, @var{window}, @var{object} and |
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|
3052 @var{pos} and should return a help string or @code{nil} for |
31079 | 3053 none. The first argument, @var{window} is the window in which |
3054 the help was found. The second, @var{object}, is the buffer, overlay or | |
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|
3055 string which had the @code{help-echo} property. The @var{pos} |
31079 | 3056 argument is as follows: |
3057 | |
3058 @itemize @bullet{} | |
3059 @item | |
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3060 If @var{object} is a buffer, @var{pos} is the position in the buffer. |
31079 | 3061 @item |
3062 If @var{object} is an overlay, that overlay has a @code{help-echo} | |
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3063 property, and @var{pos} is the position in the overlay's buffer. |
31079 | 3064 @item |
3065 If @var{object} is a string (an overlay string or a string displayed | |
31372 | 3066 with the @code{display} property), @var{pos} is the position in that |
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|
3067 string. |
31079 | 3068 @end itemize |
3069 | |
3070 If the value of the @code{help-echo} property is neither a function nor | |
3071 a string, it is evaluated to obtain a help string. | |
3072 | |
31372 | 3073 You can alter the way help text is displayed by setting the variable |
3074 @code{show-help-function} (@pxref{Help display}). | |
31079 | 3075 |
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Delete "new in Emacs 21" note.
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|
3076 This feature is used in the mode line and for other active text. |
25751
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3077 |
43907
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Update doc of local-map and keymap text properties.
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|
3078 @item keymap |
bfe50f90f666
Update doc of local-map and keymap text properties.
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|
3079 @cindex keymap of character |
bfe50f90f666
Update doc of local-map and keymap text properties.
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|
3080 @kindex keymap @r{(text property)} |
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|
3081 The @code{keymap} property specifies an additional keymap for |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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|
3082 commands. When this keymap applies, it is used for key lookup before |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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diff
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|
3083 the minor mode keymaps and before the buffer's local map. |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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|
3084 @xref{Active Keymaps}. If the property value is a symbol, the |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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|
3085 symbol's function definition is used as the keymap. |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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|
3086 |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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diff
changeset
|
3087 The property's value for the character before point applies if it is |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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diff
changeset
|
3088 non-@code{nil} and rear-sticky, and the property's value for the |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3089 character after point applies if it is non-@code{nil} and |
53435
0f3abb6bbf27
(Examining Properties): Add get-char-property-and-overlay.
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parents:
52978
diff
changeset
|
3090 front-sticky. (For mouse clicks, the position of the click is used |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
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|
3091 instead of the position of point.) |
43907
bfe50f90f666
Update doc of local-map and keymap text properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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41490
diff
changeset
|
3092 |
29102 | 3093 @item local-map |
3094 @kindex local-map @r{(text property)} | |
51911
9c44faf04f59
(Special Properties): local-map and keymap properties
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51702
diff
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|
3095 This property works like @code{keymap} except that it specifies a |
9c44faf04f59
(Special Properties): local-map and keymap properties
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51702
diff
changeset
|
3096 keymap to use @emph{instead of} the buffer's local map. For most |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3097 purposes (perhaps all purposes), it is better to use the @code{keymap} |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
72216
diff
changeset
|
3098 property. |
34000 | 3099 |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
3100 @item syntax-table |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
3101 The @code{syntax-table} property overrides what the syntax table says |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
3102 about this particular character. @xref{Syntax Properties}. |
6558 | 3103 |
3104 @item read-only | |
3105 @cindex read-only character | |
3106 @kindex read-only @r{(text property)} | |
3107 If a character has the property @code{read-only}, then modifying that | |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3108 character is not allowed. Any command that would do so gets an error, |
71374
a358bd87a242
(Special Properties): String value of `read-only' serves as the error message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71117
diff
changeset
|
3109 @code{text-read-only}. If the property value is a string, that string |
a358bd87a242
(Special Properties): String value of `read-only' serves as the error message.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
71117
diff
changeset
|
3110 is used as the error message. |
6558 | 3111 |
3112 Insertion next to a read-only character is an error if inserting | |
3113 ordinary text there would inherit the @code{read-only} property due to | |
3114 stickiness. Thus, you can control permission to insert next to | |
3115 read-only text by controlling the stickiness. @xref{Sticky Properties}. | |
3116 | |
3117 Since changing properties counts as modifying the buffer, it is not | |
3118 possible to remove a @code{read-only} property unless you know the | |
3119 special trick: bind @code{inhibit-read-only} to a non-@code{nil} value | |
3120 and then remove the property. @xref{Read Only Buffers}. | |
3121 | |
3122 @item invisible | |
3123 @kindex invisible @r{(text property)} | |
12067 | 3124 A non-@code{nil} @code{invisible} property can make a character invisible |
3125 on the screen. @xref{Invisible Text}, for details. | |
6558 | 3126 |
6782
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
3127 @item intangible |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
3128 @kindex intangible @r{(text property)} |
12067 | 3129 If a group of consecutive characters have equal and non-@code{nil} |
3130 @code{intangible} properties, then you cannot place point between them. | |
12098 | 3131 If you try to move point forward into the group, point actually moves to |
3132 the end of the group. If you try to move point backward into the group, | |
12067 | 3133 point actually moves to the start of the group. |
3134 | |
77839
3ca4fe7ebcb6
(Special Properties): Add link to Adjusting Point.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77687
diff
changeset
|
3135 If consecutive characters have unequal non-@code{nil} |
3ca4fe7ebcb6
(Special Properties): Add link to Adjusting Point.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77687
diff
changeset
|
3136 @code{intangible} properties, they belong to separate groups; each |
3ca4fe7ebcb6
(Special Properties): Add link to Adjusting Point.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77687
diff
changeset
|
3137 group is separately treated as described above. |
3ca4fe7ebcb6
(Special Properties): Add link to Adjusting Point.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77687
diff
changeset
|
3138 |
12067 | 3139 When the variable @code{inhibit-point-motion-hooks} is non-@code{nil}, |
3140 the @code{intangible} property is ignored. | |
6782
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
3141 |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3142 @item field |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3143 @kindex field @r{(text property)} |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3144 Consecutive characters with the same @code{field} property constitute a |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3145 @dfn{field}. Some motion functions including @code{forward-word} and |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3146 @code{beginning-of-line} stop moving at a field boundary. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3147 @xref{Fields}. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3148 |
57192
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3149 @item cursor |
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3150 @kindex cursor @r{(text property)} |
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3151 Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and text |
57222
f0af4b0029b5
(Special Properties): Cleanups in `cursor'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57192
diff
changeset
|
3152 property strings present at the current window position. You can |
f0af4b0029b5
(Special Properties): Cleanups in `cursor'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57192
diff
changeset
|
3153 place the cursor on any desired character of these strings by giving |
57192
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3154 that character a non-@code{nil} @var{cursor} text property. |
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3155 |
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3156 @item pointer |
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3157 @kindex pointer @r{(text property)} |
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3158 This specifies a specific pointer shape when the mouse pointer is over |
63353
138377d5ea9f
(Special Properties): Fix cross reference.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
63316
diff
changeset
|
3159 this text or image. @xref{Pointer Shape}, for possible pointer |
138377d5ea9f
(Special Properties): Fix cross reference.
Lute Kamstra <lute@gnu.org>
parents:
63316
diff
changeset
|
3160 shapes. |
57192
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3161 |
57222
f0af4b0029b5
(Special Properties): Cleanups in `cursor'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57192
diff
changeset
|
3162 @item line-spacing |
f0af4b0029b5
(Special Properties): Cleanups in `cursor'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57192
diff
changeset
|
3163 @kindex line-spacing @r{(text property)} |
57253
1aa63962c3cf
(Special Properties): Clarify line-spacing and line-height.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57222
diff
changeset
|
3164 A newline can have a @code{line-spacing} text or overlay property that |
1aa63962c3cf
(Special Properties): Clarify line-spacing and line-height.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57222
diff
changeset
|
3165 controls the height of the display line ending with that newline. The |
1aa63962c3cf
(Special Properties): Clarify line-spacing and line-height.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57222
diff
changeset
|
3166 property value overrides the default frame line spacing and the buffer |
58886
bf57a566c090
* text.texi (Special Properties): Just mention line-spacing and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58748
diff
changeset
|
3167 local @code{line-spacing} variable. @xref{Line Height}. |
57222
f0af4b0029b5
(Special Properties): Cleanups in `cursor'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57192
diff
changeset
|
3168 |
57192
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3169 @item line-height |
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3170 @kindex line-height @r{(text property)} |
57222
f0af4b0029b5
(Special Properties): Cleanups in `cursor'.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57192
diff
changeset
|
3171 A newline can have a @code{line-height} text or overlay property that |
57253
1aa63962c3cf
(Special Properties): Clarify line-spacing and line-height.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
57222
diff
changeset
|
3172 controls the total height of the display line ending in that newline. |
58886
bf57a566c090
* text.texi (Special Properties): Just mention line-spacing and
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
58748
diff
changeset
|
3173 @xref{Line Height}. |
57192
ba03d6f29083
(Special Properties): Add `cursor', `pointer',
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
54916
diff
changeset
|
3174 |
6558 | 3175 @item modification-hooks |
3176 @cindex change hooks for a character | |
3177 @cindex hooks for changing a character | |
3178 @kindex modification-hooks @r{(text property)} | |
3179 If a character has the property @code{modification-hooks}, then its | |
3180 value should be a list of functions; modifying that character calls all | |
3181 of those functions. Each function receives two arguments: the beginning | |
3182 and end of the part of the buffer being modified. Note that if a | |
3183 particular modification hook function appears on several characters | |
3184 being modified by a single primitive, you can't predict how many times | |
3185 the function will be called. | |
3186 | |
63950
a56fccc4986b
(Special Properties): Change hook functions should bind
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63609
diff
changeset
|
3187 If these functions modify the buffer, they should bind |
a56fccc4986b
(Special Properties): Change hook functions should bind
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63609
diff
changeset
|
3188 @code{inhibit-modification-hooks} to @code{t} around doing so, to |
a56fccc4986b
(Special Properties): Change hook functions should bind
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63609
diff
changeset
|
3189 avoid confusing the internal mechanism that calls these hooks. |
a56fccc4986b
(Special Properties): Change hook functions should bind
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63609
diff
changeset
|
3190 |
77543
3c9f4556ffca
(Special Properties): Add xref to Overlay Properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77362
diff
changeset
|
3191 Overlays also support the @code{modification-hooks} property, but the |
3c9f4556ffca
(Special Properties): Add xref to Overlay Properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77362
diff
changeset
|
3192 details are somewhat different (@pxref{Overlay Properties}). |
3c9f4556ffca
(Special Properties): Add xref to Overlay Properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77362
diff
changeset
|
3193 |
6558 | 3194 @item insert-in-front-hooks |
3195 @itemx insert-behind-hooks | |
3196 @kindex insert-in-front-hooks @r{(text property)} | |
3197 @kindex insert-behind-hooks @r{(text property)} | |
16398
71e49abd5906
Clarify how insert-in-front-hooks and insert-behind-hooks are used.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
15760
diff
changeset
|
3198 The operation of inserting text in a buffer also calls the functions |
71e49abd5906
Clarify how insert-in-front-hooks and insert-behind-hooks are used.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
15760
diff
changeset
|
3199 listed in the @code{insert-in-front-hooks} property of the following |
71e49abd5906
Clarify how insert-in-front-hooks and insert-behind-hooks are used.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
15760
diff
changeset
|
3200 character and in the @code{insert-behind-hooks} property of the |
71e49abd5906
Clarify how insert-in-front-hooks and insert-behind-hooks are used.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
15760
diff
changeset
|
3201 preceding character. These functions receive two arguments, the |
71e49abd5906
Clarify how insert-in-front-hooks and insert-behind-hooks are used.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
15760
diff
changeset
|
3202 beginning and end of the inserted text. The functions are called |
71e49abd5906
Clarify how insert-in-front-hooks and insert-behind-hooks are used.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
15760
diff
changeset
|
3203 @emph{after} the actual insertion takes place. |
6558 | 3204 |
3205 See also @ref{Change Hooks}, for other hooks that are called | |
3206 when you change text in a buffer. | |
3207 | |
3208 @item point-entered | |
3209 @itemx point-left | |
3210 @cindex hooks for motion of point | |
3211 @kindex point-entered @r{(text property)} | |
3212 @kindex point-left @r{(text property)} | |
3213 The special properties @code{point-entered} and @code{point-left} | |
3214 record hook functions that report motion of point. Each time point | |
3215 moves, Emacs compares these two property values: | |
3216 | |
3217 @itemize @bullet | |
3218 @item | |
3219 the @code{point-left} property of the character after the old location, | |
3220 and | |
3221 @item | |
3222 the @code{point-entered} property of the character after the new | |
3223 location. | |
3224 @end itemize | |
3225 | |
3226 @noindent | |
3227 If these two values differ, each of them is called (if not @code{nil}) | |
3228 with two arguments: the old value of point, and the new one. | |
3229 | |
3230 The same comparison is made for the characters before the old and new | |
3231 locations. The result may be to execute two @code{point-left} functions | |
3232 (which may be the same function) and/or two @code{point-entered} | |
8427
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
3233 functions (which may be the same function). In any case, all the |
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
3234 @code{point-left} functions are called first, followed by all the |
bc548090f760
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
7735
diff
changeset
|
3235 @code{point-entered} functions. |
6558 | 3236 |
54041 | 3237 It is possible with @code{char-after} to examine characters at various |
3238 buffer positions without moving point to those positions. Only an | |
3239 actual change in the value of point runs these hook functions. | |
6558 | 3240 |
3241 @defvar inhibit-point-motion-hooks | |
3242 When this variable is non-@code{nil}, @code{point-left} and | |
12067 | 3243 @code{point-entered} hooks are not run, and the @code{intangible} |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
3244 property has no effect. Do not set this variable globally; bind it with |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
3245 @code{let}. |
6558 | 3246 @end defvar |
3247 | |
31079 | 3248 @defvar show-help-function |
31372 | 3249 @anchor{Help display} If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it specifies a |
3250 function called to display help strings. These may be @code{help-echo} | |
3251 properties, menu help strings (@pxref{Simple Menu Items}, | |
3252 @pxref{Extended Menu Items}), or tool bar help strings (@pxref{Tool | |
3253 Bar}). The specified function is called with one argument, the help | |
38581 | 3254 string to display. Tooltip mode (@pxref{Tooltips,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs |
3255 Manual}) provides an example. | |
31079 | 3256 @end defvar |
3257 | |
77303
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3258 @item composition |
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3259 @kindex composition @r{(text property)} |
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3260 This text property is used to display a sequence of characters as a |
77362
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3261 single glyph composed from components. For instance, in Thai a base |
77303
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3262 consonant is composed with the following combining vowel as a single |
77362
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3263 glyph. The value should be a character or a sequence (vector, list, |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3264 or string) of integers. |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3265 |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3266 @itemize @bullet |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3267 @item |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3268 If it is a character, it means to display that character instead of |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3269 the text in the region. |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3270 |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3271 @item |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3272 If it is a string, it means to display that string's contents instead |
77303
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3273 of the text in the region. |
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3274 |
77362
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3275 @item |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3276 If it is a vector or list, the elements are characters interleaved |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3277 with internal codes specifying how to compose the following character |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3278 with the previous one. |
bcccf7e23d1c
(Special Properties): Clarify previous change.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
77303
diff
changeset
|
3279 @end itemize |
77303
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3280 @end table |
f988436b1743
(Special Properties): Document composition property.
Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org>
parents:
77123
diff
changeset
|
3281 |
12067 | 3282 @node Format Properties |
12098 | 3283 @subsection Formatted Text Properties |
12067 | 3284 |
3285 These text properties affect the behavior of the fill commands. They | |
12098 | 3286 are used for representing formatted text. @xref{Filling}, and |
3287 @ref{Margins}. | |
3288 | |
3289 @table @code | |
12067 | 3290 @item hard |
3291 If a newline character has this property, it is a ``hard'' newline. | |
3292 The fill commands do not alter hard newlines and do not move words | |
59880
8e65810e7f24
(User-Level Deletion): just-one-space takes numeric arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59838
diff
changeset
|
3293 across them. However, this property takes effect only if the |
8e65810e7f24
(User-Level Deletion): just-one-space takes numeric arg.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
3294 @code{use-hard-newlines} minor mode is enabled. @xref{Hard and Soft |
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|
3295 Newlines,, Hard and Soft Newlines, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. |
12067 | 3296 |
3297 @item right-margin | |
12098 | 3298 This property specifies an extra right margin for filling this part of the |
12067 | 3299 text. |
3300 | |
3301 @item left-margin | |
12098 | 3302 This property specifies an extra left margin for filling this part of the |
12067 | 3303 text. |
3304 | |
3305 @item justification | |
3306 This property specifies the style of justification for filling this part | |
3307 of the text. | |
3308 @end table | |
3309 | |
6558 | 3310 @node Sticky Properties |
3311 @subsection Stickiness of Text Properties | |
3312 @cindex sticky text properties | |
3313 @cindex inheritance of text properties | |
3314 | |
3315 Self-inserting characters normally take on the same properties as the | |
3316 preceding character. This is called @dfn{inheritance} of properties. | |
3317 | |
3318 In a Lisp program, you can do insertion with inheritance or without, | |
3319 depending on your choice of insertion primitive. The ordinary text | |
3320 insertion functions such as @code{insert} do not inherit any properties. | |
3321 They insert text with precisely the properties of the string being | |
3322 inserted, and no others. This is correct for programs that copy text | |
8427
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3323 from one context to another---for example, into or out of the kill ring. |
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3324 To insert with inheritance, use the special primitives described in this |
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3325 section. Self-inserting characters inherit properties because they work |
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3326 using these primitives. |
6558 | 3327 |
3328 When you do insertion with inheritance, @emph{which} properties are | |
26696
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3329 inherited, and from where, depends on which properties are @dfn{sticky}. |
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3330 Insertion after a character inherits those of its properties that are |
6558 | 3331 @dfn{rear-sticky}. Insertion before a character inherits those of its |
26696
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3332 properties that are @dfn{front-sticky}. When both sides offer different |
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3333 sticky values for the same property, the previous character's value |
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3334 takes precedence. |
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3335 |
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3336 By default, a text property is rear-sticky but not front-sticky; thus, |
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3337 the default is to inherit all the properties of the preceding character, |
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3338 and nothing from the following character. |
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3339 |
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3340 You can control the stickiness of various text properties with two |
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3341 specific text properties, @code{front-sticky} and @code{rear-nonsticky}, |
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3342 and with the variable @code{text-property-default-nonsticky}. You can |
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3343 use the variable to specify a different default for a given property. |
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3344 You can use those two text properties to make any specific properties |
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3345 sticky or nonsticky in any particular part of the text. |
6558 | 3346 |
3347 If a character's @code{front-sticky} property is @code{t}, then all | |
3348 its properties are front-sticky. If the @code{front-sticky} property is | |
3349 a list, then the sticky properties of the character are those whose | |
3350 names are in the list. For example, if a character has a | |
3351 @code{front-sticky} property whose value is @code{(face read-only)}, | |
3352 then insertion before the character can inherit its @code{face} property | |
3353 and its @code{read-only} property, but no others. | |
3354 | |
27374
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3355 The @code{rear-nonsticky} property works the opposite way. Most |
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3356 properties are rear-sticky by default, so the @code{rear-nonsticky} |
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3357 property says which properties are @emph{not} rear-sticky. If a |
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3358 character's @code{rear-nonsticky} property is @code{t}, then none of its |
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3359 properties are rear-sticky. If the @code{rear-nonsticky} property is a |
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3360 list, properties are rear-sticky @emph{unless} their names are in the |
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3361 list. |
6558 | 3362 |
26696
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3363 @defvar text-property-default-nonsticky |
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3364 This variable holds an alist which defines the default rear-stickiness |
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3365 of various text properties. Each element has the form |
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3366 @code{(@var{property} . @var{nonstickiness})}, and it defines the |
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3367 stickiness of a particular text property, @var{property}. |
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3368 |
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3369 If @var{nonstickiness} is non-@code{nil}, this means that the property |
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3370 @var{property} is rear-nonsticky by default. Since all properties are |
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3371 front-nonsticky by default, this makes @var{property} nonsticky in both |
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3372 directions by default. |
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|
3373 |
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3374 The text properties @code{front-sticky} and @code{rear-nonsticky}, when |
47475 | 3375 used, take precedence over the default @var{nonstickiness} specified in |
26696
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3376 @code{text-property-default-nonsticky}. |
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3377 @end defvar |
6558 | 3378 |
3379 Here are the functions that insert text with inheritance of properties: | |
3380 | |
3381 @defun insert-and-inherit &rest strings | |
3382 Insert the strings @var{strings}, just like the function @code{insert}, | |
3383 but inherit any sticky properties from the adjoining text. | |
3384 @end defun | |
3385 | |
3386 @defun insert-before-markers-and-inherit &rest strings | |
3387 Insert the strings @var{strings}, just like the function | |
3388 @code{insert-before-markers}, but inherit any sticky properties from the | |
3389 adjoining text. | |
3390 @end defun | |
3391 | |
21007
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3392 @xref{Insertion}, for the ordinary insertion functions which do not |
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3393 inherit. |
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3394 |
6558 | 3395 @node Saving Properties |
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3396 @subsection Saving Text Properties in Files |
6558 | 3397 @cindex text properties in files |
3398 @cindex saving text properties | |
3399 | |
21007
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3400 You can save text properties in files (along with the text itself), |
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3401 and restore the same text properties when visiting or inserting the |
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3402 files, using these two hooks: |
6558 | 3403 |
12098 | 3404 @defvar write-region-annotate-functions |
6558 | 3405 This variable's value is a list of functions for @code{write-region} to |
3406 run to encode text properties in some fashion as annotations to the text | |
3407 being written in the file. @xref{Writing to Files}. | |
3408 | |
3409 Each function in the list is called with two arguments: the start and | |
3410 end of the region to be written. These functions should not alter the | |
3411 contents of the buffer. Instead, they should return lists indicating | |
3412 annotations to write in the file in addition to the text in the | |
3413 buffer. | |
3414 | |
3415 Each function should return a list of elements of the form | |
3416 @code{(@var{position} . @var{string})}, where @var{position} is an | |
21007
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3417 integer specifying the relative position within the text to be written, |
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3418 and @var{string} is the annotation to add there. |
6558 | 3419 |
3420 Each list returned by one of these functions must be already sorted in | |
3421 increasing order by @var{position}. If there is more than one function, | |
3422 @code{write-region} merges the lists destructively into one sorted list. | |
3423 | |
3424 When @code{write-region} actually writes the text from the buffer to the | |
3425 file, it intermixes the specified annotations at the corresponding | |
3426 positions. All this takes place without modifying the buffer. | |
3427 @end defvar | |
3428 | |
3429 @defvar after-insert-file-functions | |
3430 This variable holds a list of functions for @code{insert-file-contents} | |
3431 to call after inserting a file's contents. These functions should scan | |
3432 the inserted text for annotations, and convert them to the text | |
3433 properties they stand for. | |
3434 | |
3435 Each function receives one argument, the length of the inserted text; | |
3436 point indicates the start of that text. The function should scan that | |
3437 text for annotations, delete them, and create the text properties that | |
3438 the annotations specify. The function should return the updated length | |
3439 of the inserted text, as it stands after those changes. The value | |
3440 returned by one function becomes the argument to the next function. | |
3441 | |
3442 These functions should always return with point at the beginning of | |
3443 the inserted text. | |
3444 | |
3445 The intended use of @code{after-insert-file-functions} is for converting | |
3446 some sort of textual annotations into actual text properties. But other | |
3447 uses may be possible. | |
3448 @end defvar | |
3449 | |
3450 We invite users to write Lisp programs to store and retrieve text | |
3451 properties in files, using these hooks, and thus to experiment with | |
49600
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3452 various data formats and find good ones. Eventually we hope users |
6558 | 3453 will produce good, general extensions we can install in Emacs. |
3454 | |
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3455 We suggest not trying to handle arbitrary Lisp objects as text property |
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3456 names or values---because a program that general is probably difficult |
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3457 to write, and slow. Instead, choose a set of possible data types that |
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3458 are reasonably flexible, and not too hard to encode. |
6558 | 3459 |
12098 | 3460 @xref{Format Conversion}, for a related feature. |
3461 | |
3462 @c ??? In next edition, merge this info Format Conversion. | |
3463 | |
15760
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3464 @node Lazy Properties |
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3465 @subsection Lazy Computation of Text Properties |
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3466 |
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3467 Instead of computing text properties for all the text in the buffer, |
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3468 you can arrange to compute the text properties for parts of the text |
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3469 when and if something depends on them. |
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3470 |
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3471 The primitive that extracts text from the buffer along with its |
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3472 properties is @code{buffer-substring}. Before examining the properties, |
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3473 this function runs the abnormal hook @code{buffer-access-fontify-functions}. |
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3474 |
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3475 @defvar buffer-access-fontify-functions |
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3476 This variable holds a list of functions for computing text properties. |
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3477 Before @code{buffer-substring} copies the text and text properties for a |
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3478 portion of the buffer, it calls all the functions in this list. Each of |
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3479 the functions receives two arguments that specify the range of the |
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3480 buffer being accessed. (The buffer itself is always the current |
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3481 buffer.) |
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3482 @end defvar |
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3483 |
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3484 The function @code{buffer-substring-no-properties} does not call these |
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3485 functions, since it ignores text properties anyway. |
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3486 |
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3487 In order to prevent the hook functions from being called more than |
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3488 once for the same part of the buffer, you can use the variable |
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3489 @code{buffer-access-fontified-property}. |
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3490 |
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3491 @defvar buffer-access-fontified-property |
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3492 If this variable's value is non-@code{nil}, it is a symbol which is used |
15760
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3493 as a text property name. A non-@code{nil} value for that text property |
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3494 means, ``the other text properties for this character have already been |
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|
3495 computed.'' |
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|
3496 |
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|
3497 If all the characters in the range specified for @code{buffer-substring} |
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|
3498 have a non-@code{nil} value for this property, @code{buffer-substring} |
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|
3499 does not call the @code{buffer-access-fontify-functions} functions. It |
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|
3500 assumes these characters already have the right text properties, and |
0489cb739a5f
(Lazy Properties): New node.
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parents:
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changeset
|
3501 just copies the properties they already have. |
0489cb739a5f
(Lazy Properties): New node.
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|
3502 |
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(Lazy Properties): New node.
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|
3503 The normal way to use this feature is that the |
0489cb739a5f
(Lazy Properties): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3504 @code{buffer-access-fontify-functions} functions add this property, as |
0489cb739a5f
(Lazy Properties): New node.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3505 well as others, to the characters they operate on. That way, they avoid |
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(Lazy Properties): New node.
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parents:
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diff
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|
3506 being called over and over for the same text. |
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(Lazy Properties): New node.
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parents:
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diff
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|
3507 @end defvar |
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|
3508 |
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3509 @node Clickable Text |
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3510 @subsection Defining Clickable Text |
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|
3511 @cindex clickable text |
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3512 |
72381
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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diff
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|
3513 @dfn{Clickable text} is text that can be clicked, with either the |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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diff
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|
3514 the mouse or via keyboard commands, to produce some result. Many |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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parents:
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diff
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|
3515 major modes use clickable text to implement features such as |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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parents:
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changeset
|
3516 hyper-links. The @code{button} package provides an easy way to insert |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3517 and manipulate clickable text. @xref{Buttons}. |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
Chong Yidong <cyd@stupidchicken.com>
parents:
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|
3518 |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3519 In this section, we will explain how to manually set up clickable |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3520 text in a buffer using text properties. This involves two things: (1) |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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parents:
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diff
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|
3521 indicating clickability when the mouse moves over the text, and (2) |
4300054c252b
* text.texi (Near Point): Say "cursor" not "terminal cursor".
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parents:
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|
3522 making @kbd{RET} or a mouse click on that text do something. |
72110
d64250333611
(Clickable Text): Clarify.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3523 |
72216
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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|
3524 Indicating clickability usually involves highlighting the text, and |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3525 often involves displaying helpful information about the action, such |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3526 as which mouse button to press, or a short summary of the action. |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3527 This can be done with the @code{mouse-face} and @code{help-echo} |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3528 text properties. @xref{Special Properties}. |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3529 Here is an example of how Dired does it: |
21007
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|
3530 |
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|
3531 @smallexample |
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|
3532 (condition-case nil |
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|
3533 (if (dired-move-to-filename) |
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(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
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parents:
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|
3534 (add-text-properties |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3535 (point) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3536 (save-excursion |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3537 (dired-move-to-end-of-filename) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3538 (point)) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3539 '(mouse-face highlight |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3540 help-echo "mouse-2: visit this file in other window"))) |
21007
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|
3541 (error nil)) |
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|
3542 @end smallexample |
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|
3543 |
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|
3544 @noindent |
72216
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(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3545 The first two arguments to @code{add-text-properties} specify the |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
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|
3546 beginning and end of the text. |
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changeset
|
3547 |
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changeset
|
3548 The usual way to make the mouse do something when you click it |
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parents:
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changeset
|
3549 on this text is to define @code{mouse-2} in the major mode's |
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parents:
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|
3550 keymap. The job of checking whether the click was on clickable text |
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parents:
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|
3551 is done by the command definition. Here is how Dired does it: |
66d807bdc5b4
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|
3552 |
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|
3553 @smallexample |
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changeset
|
3554 (defun dired-mouse-find-file-other-window (event) |
72216
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3555 "In Dired, visit the file or directory name you click on." |
21007
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|
3556 (interactive "e") |
72216
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3557 (let (window pos file) |
21007
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|
3558 (save-excursion |
72216
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(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3559 (setq window (posn-window (event-end event)) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3560 pos (posn-point (event-end event))) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3561 (if (not (windowp window)) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3562 (error "No file chosen")) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3563 (set-buffer (window-buffer window)) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3564 (goto-char pos) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
72193
diff
changeset
|
3565 (setq file (dired-get-file-for-visit))) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3566 (if (file-directory-p file) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3567 (or (and (cdr dired-subdir-alist) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3568 (dired-goto-subdir file)) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3569 (progn |
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(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3570 (select-window window) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3571 (dired-other-window file))) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3572 (select-window window) |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3573 (find-file-other-window (file-name-sans-versions file t))))) |
21007
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|
3574 @end smallexample |
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|
3575 |
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|
3576 @noindent |
72216
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(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3577 The reason for the @code{save-excursion} construct is to avoid |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3578 changing the current buffer. In this case, |
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(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3579 Dired uses the functions @code{posn-window} and @code{posn-point} |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3580 to determine which buffer the click happened in and where, and |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3581 in that buffer, @code{dired-get-file-for-visit} to determine which |
6b63f7efd5b6
(Clickable Text): Mention `help-echo' text property.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3582 file to visit. |
21007
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|
3583 |
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changeset
|
3584 Instead of defining a mouse command for the major mode, you can define |
31586 | 3585 a key binding for the clickable text itself, using the @code{keymap} |
29102 | 3586 text property: |
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|
3587 |
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|
3588 @example |
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|
3589 (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap))) |
31586 | 3590 (define-key map [mouse-2] 'operate-this-button) |
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|
3591 (put-text-property (point) |
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|
3592 (save-excursion |
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|
3593 (dired-move-to-end-of-filename) |
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|
3594 (point)) |
31586 | 3595 'keymap map)) |
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|
3596 @end example |
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|
3597 |
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|
3598 @noindent |
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|
3599 This method makes it possible to define different commands for various |
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|
3600 clickable pieces of text. Also, the major mode definition (or the |
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|
3601 global definition) remains available for the rest of the text in the |
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|
3602 buffer. |
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|
3603 |
59504
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3604 @node Links and Mouse-1 |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3605 @subsection Links and Mouse-1 |
59464
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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changeset
|
3606 @cindex follow links |
59504
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3607 @cindex mouse-1 |
59464
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
3608 |
59494
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3609 The normal Emacs command for activating text in read-only buffers is |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3610 @key{Mouse-2}, which includes following textual links. However, most |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3611 graphical applications use @key{Mouse-1} for following links. For |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3612 compatibility, @key{Mouse-1} follows links in Emacs too, when you |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3613 click on a link quickly without moving the mouse. The user can |
63609 | 3614 customize this behavior through the variable |
59494
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3615 @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link}. |
d8cf3d034936
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|
3616 |
59504
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(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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diff
changeset
|
3617 To define text as a link at the Lisp level, you should bind the |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
3618 @code{mouse-2} event to a command to follow the link. Then, to indicate that |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
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|
3619 @key{Mouse-1} should also follow the link, you should specify a |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3620 @code{follow-link} condition either as a text property or as a key |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3621 binding: |
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|
3622 |
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|
3623 @table @asis |
59494
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|
3624 @item @code{follow-link} property |
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|
3625 If the clickable text has a non-@code{nil} @code{follow-link} text or overlay |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
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|
3626 property, that specifies the condition. |
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(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
3627 |
59494
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
3628 @item @code{follow-link} event |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3629 If there is a binding for the @code{follow-link} event, either on the |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3630 clickable text or in the local keymap, the binding is the condition. |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
3631 @end table |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3632 |
59524
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3633 Regardless of how you set the @code{follow-link} condition, its |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3634 value is used as follows to determine whether the given position is |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3635 inside a link, and (if so) to compute an @dfn{action code} saying how |
8f17a7431c8a
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3636 @key{Mouse-1} should handle the link. |
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07659a11876d
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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|
3637 |
07659a11876d
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|
3638 @table @asis |
59494
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|
3639 @item @code{mouse-face} |
59524
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3640 If the condition is @code{mouse-face}, a position is inside a link if |
59494
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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|
3641 there is a non-@code{nil} @code{mouse-face} property at that position. |
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parents:
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|
3642 The action code is always @code{t}. |
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(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
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parents:
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|
3643 |
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|
3644 For example, here is how Info mode handles @key{Mouse-1}: |
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3645 |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
3646 @smallexample |
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Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
3647 (define-key Info-mode-map [follow-link] 'mouse-face) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
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|
3648 @end smallexample |
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|
3649 |
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
3650 @item a function |
59524
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3651 If the condition is a valid function, @var{func}, then a position |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3652 @var{pos} is inside a link if @code{(@var{func} @var{pos})} evaluates |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3653 to non-@code{nil}. The value returned by @var{func} serves as the |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3654 action code. |
59494
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3655 |
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parents:
59464
diff
changeset
|
3656 For example, here is how pcvs enables @key{Mouse-1} to follow links on |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3657 file names only: |
59464
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3658 |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
3659 @smallexample |
59464
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(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3660 (define-key map [follow-link] |
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3661 (lambda (pos) |
63583
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
3662 (eq (get-char-property pos 'face) 'cvs-filename-face))) |
99e9892a51d9
Fix formatting ugliness.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
63353
diff
changeset
|
3663 @end smallexample |
59464
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3664 |
59494
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3665 @item anything else |
59524
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3666 If the condition value is anything else, then the position is inside a |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3667 link and the condition itself is the action code. Clearly you should |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3668 only specify this kind of condition on the text that constitutes a |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3669 link. |
59464
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3670 @end table |
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
3671 |
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3672 @noindent |
59524
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3673 The action code tells @key{Mouse-1} how to follow the link: |
59464
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3674 |
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59391
diff
changeset
|
3675 @table @asis |
59533
2a346f1b2a9f
(Links and Mouse-1): Fix string and vector item.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59524
diff
changeset
|
3676 @item a string or vector |
59524
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3677 If the action code is a string or vector, the @key{Mouse-1} event is |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3678 translated into the first element of the string or vector; i.e., the |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3679 action of the @key{Mouse-1} click is the local or global binding of |
59533
2a346f1b2a9f
(Links and Mouse-1): Fix string and vector item.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59524
diff
changeset
|
3680 that character or symbol. Thus, if the action code is @code{"foo"}, |
59524
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3681 @key{Mouse-1} translates into @kbd{f}. If it is @code{[foo]}, |
8f17a7431c8a
(Links and Mouse-1): Clarify text.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59504
diff
changeset
|
3682 @key{Mouse-1} translates into @key{foo}. |
59494
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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|
3683 |
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59464
diff
changeset
|
3684 @item anything else |
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(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3685 For any other non-@code{nil} action code, the @code{mouse-1} event is |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
3686 translated into a @code{mouse-2} event at the same position. |
59464
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(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
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|
3687 @end table |
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
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|
3688 |
59494
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(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3689 To define @key{Mouse-1} to activate a button defined with |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59464
diff
changeset
|
3690 @code{define-button-type}, give the button a @code{follow-link} |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
59464
diff
changeset
|
3691 property with a value as specified above to determine how to follow |
59504
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59494
diff
changeset
|
3692 the link. For example, here is how Help mode handles @key{Mouse-1}: |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59494
diff
changeset
|
3693 |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59494
diff
changeset
|
3694 @smallexample |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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parents:
59494
diff
changeset
|
3695 (define-button-type 'help-xref |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59494
diff
changeset
|
3696 'follow-link t |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
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diff
changeset
|
3697 'action #'help-button-action) |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3698 @end smallexample |
59494
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|
3699 |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3700 To define @key{Mouse-1} on a widget defined with |
d8cf3d034936
(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3701 @code{define-widget}, give the widget a @code{:follow-link} property |
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(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
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|
3702 with a value as specified above to determine how to follow the link. |
59504
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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diff
changeset
|
3703 |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59494
diff
changeset
|
3704 For example, here is how the @code{link} widget specifies that |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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59494
diff
changeset
|
3705 a @key{Mouse-1} click shall be translated to @key{RET}: |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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diff
changeset
|
3706 |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
Kim F. Storm <storm@cua.dk>
parents:
59494
diff
changeset
|
3707 @smallexample |
66f927c186ac
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diff
changeset
|
3708 (define-widget 'link 'item |
66f927c186ac
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diff
changeset
|
3709 "An embedded link." |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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diff
changeset
|
3710 :button-prefix 'widget-link-prefix |
66f927c186ac
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diff
changeset
|
3711 :button-suffix 'widget-link-suffix |
66f927c186ac
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diff
changeset
|
3712 :follow-link "\C-m" |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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diff
changeset
|
3713 :help-echo "Follow the link." |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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diff
changeset
|
3714 :format "%[%t%]") |
66f927c186ac
(Links and Mouse-1): Rename section from Enabling
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diff
changeset
|
3715 @end smallexample |
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|
3716 |
07659a11876d
(Text Properties): Add "Enable Mouse-1" to submenu.
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diff
changeset
|
3717 @defun mouse-on-link-p pos |
59494
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(Enabling Mouse-1 to Follow Links): Rewrite.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3718 This function returns non-@code{nil} if position @var{pos} in the |
72078
5d973bcbba35
(Links and Mouse-1): For mouse-on-link-p, expand on arg POS.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
71956
diff
changeset
|
3719 current buffer is on a link. @var{pos} can also be a mouse event |
5d973bcbba35
(Links and Mouse-1): For mouse-on-link-p, expand on arg POS.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
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71956
diff
changeset
|
3720 location, as returned by @code{event-start} (@pxref{Accessing Events}). |
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|
3721 @end defun |
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|
3722 |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3723 @node Fields |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3724 @subsection Defining and Using Fields |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3725 @cindex fields |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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25875
diff
changeset
|
3726 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3727 A field is a range of consecutive characters in the buffer that are |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3728 identified by having the same value (comparing with @code{eq}) of the |
32091 | 3729 @code{field} property (either a text-property or an overlay property). |
3730 This section describes special functions that are available for | |
3731 operating on fields. | |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3732 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3733 You specify a field with a buffer position, @var{pos}. We think of |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3734 each field as containing a range of buffer positions, so the position |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3735 you specify stands for the field containing that position. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3736 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3737 When the characters before and after @var{pos} are part of the same |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3738 field, there is no doubt which field contains @var{pos}: the one those |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3739 characters both belong to. When @var{pos} is at a boundary between |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3740 fields, which field it belongs to depends on the stickiness of the |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3741 @code{field} properties of the two surrounding characters (@pxref{Sticky |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3742 Properties}). The field whose property would be inherited by text |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3743 inserted at @var{pos} is the field that contains @var{pos}. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3744 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3745 There is an anomalous case where newly inserted text at @var{pos} |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3746 would not inherit the @code{field} property from either side. This |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3747 happens if the previous character's @code{field} property is not |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3748 rear-sticky, and the following character's @code{field} property is not |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3749 front-sticky. In this case, @var{pos} belongs to neither the preceding |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3750 field nor the following field; the field functions treat it as belonging |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3751 to an empty field whose beginning and end are both at @var{pos}. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3752 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3753 In all of these functions, if @var{pos} is omitted or @code{nil}, the |
72193
bbb689ae03ca
(Fields): Mention POS requirement when narrowing is in effect.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
72110
diff
changeset
|
3754 value of point is used by default. If narrowing is in effect, then |
bbb689ae03ca
(Fields): Mention POS requirement when narrowing is in effect.
Thien-Thi Nguyen <ttn@gnuvola.org>
parents:
72110
diff
changeset
|
3755 @var{pos} should fall within the accessible portion. @xref{Narrowing}. |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
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|
3756 |
41490
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3757 @defun field-beginning &optional pos escape-from-edge limit |
26696
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Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3758 This function returns the beginning of the field specified by @var{pos}. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3759 |
32091 | 3760 If @var{pos} is at the beginning of its field, and |
3761 @var{escape-from-edge} is non-@code{nil}, then the return value is | |
3762 always the beginning of the preceding field that @emph{ends} at @var{pos}, | |
3763 regardless of the stickiness of the @code{field} properties around | |
3764 @var{pos}. | |
41490
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3765 |
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3766 If @var{limit} is non-@code{nil}, it is a buffer position; if the |
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3767 beginning of the field is before @var{limit}, then @var{limit} will be |
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3768 returned instead. |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3769 @end defun |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3770 |
41490
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3771 @defun field-end &optional pos escape-from-edge limit |
26696
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Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3772 This function returns the end of the field specified by @var{pos}. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3773 |
32091 | 3774 If @var{pos} is at the end of its field, and @var{escape-from-edge} is |
3775 non-@code{nil}, then the return value is always the end of the following | |
3776 field that @emph{begins} at @var{pos}, regardless of the stickiness of | |
3777 the @code{field} properties around @var{pos}. | |
41490
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3778 |
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3779 If @var{limit} is non-@code{nil}, it is a buffer position; if the end |
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3780 of the field is after @var{limit}, then @var{limit} will be returned |
794e4afabce0
(Fields): Describe new `limit' arg in field-beginning/field-end.
Miles Bader <miles@gnu.org>
parents:
40588
diff
changeset
|
3781 instead. |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3782 @end defun |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3783 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3784 @defun field-string &optional pos |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3785 This function returns the contents of the field specified by @var{pos}, |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3786 as a string. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3787 @end defun |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3788 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3789 @defun field-string-no-properties &optional pos |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3790 This function returns the contents of the field specified by @var{pos}, |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3791 as a string, discarding text properties. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3792 @end defun |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3793 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3794 @defun delete-field &optional pos |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3795 This function deletes the text of the field specified by @var{pos}. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3796 @end defun |
ef5e7bbe6f19
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3797 |
32091 | 3798 @defun constrain-to-field new-pos old-pos &optional escape-from-edge only-in-line inhibit-capture-property |
26696
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Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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diff
changeset
|
3799 This function ``constrains'' @var{new-pos} to the field that |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3800 @var{old-pos} belongs to---in other words, it returns the position |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3801 closest to @var{new-pos} that is in the same field as @var{old-pos}. |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3802 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3803 If @var{new-pos} is @code{nil}, then @code{constrain-to-field} uses |
72975
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3804 the value of point instead, and moves point to the resulting position |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3805 as well as returning it. |
26696
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Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
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diff
changeset
|
3806 |
27374
0f5edee5242b
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
27189
diff
changeset
|
3807 If @var{old-pos} is at the boundary of two fields, then the acceptable |
72975
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3808 final positions depend on the argument @var{escape-from-edge}. If |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3809 @var{escape-from-edge} is @code{nil}, then @var{new-pos} must be in |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3810 the field whose @code{field} property equals what new characters |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3811 inserted at @var{old-pos} would inherit. (This depends on the |
32091 | 3812 stickiness of the @code{field} property for the characters before and |
3813 after @var{old-pos}.) If @var{escape-from-edge} is non-@code{nil}, | |
72975
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3814 @var{new-pos} can be anywhere in the two adjacent fields. |
32091 | 3815 Additionally, if two fields are separated by another field with the |
72975
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3816 special value @code{boundary}, then any point within this special |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3817 field is also considered to be ``on the boundary.'' |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3818 |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3819 Commands like @kbd{C-a} with no argumemt, that normally move backward |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3820 to a specific kind of location and stay there once there, probably |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3821 should specify @code{nil} for @var{escape-from-edge}. Other motion |
77837c7f1fa0
(Fields): Clarify explanation of constrain-to-field.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
72381
diff
changeset
|
3822 commands that check fields should probably pass @code{t}. |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3823 |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3824 If the optional argument @var{only-in-line} is non-@code{nil}, and |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3825 constraining @var{new-pos} in the usual way would move it to a different |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3826 line, @var{new-pos} is returned unconstrained. This used in commands |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3827 that move by line, such as @code{next-line} and |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3828 @code{beginning-of-line}, so that they respect field boundaries only in |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3829 the case where they can still move to the right line. |
32091 | 3830 |
3831 If the optional argument @var{inhibit-capture-property} is | |
3832 non-@code{nil}, and @var{old-pos} has a non-@code{nil} property of that | |
3833 name, then any field boundaries are ignored. | |
3834 | |
3835 You can cause @code{constrain-to-field} to ignore all field boundaries | |
3836 (and so never constrain anything) by binding the variable | |
51702
82502bf293e0
(Buffer Contents): Document current-word.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51446
diff
changeset
|
3837 @code{inhibit-field-text-motion} to a non-@code{nil} value. |
26696
ef5e7bbe6f19
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3838 @end defun |
ef5e7bbe6f19
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diff
changeset
|
3839 |
6558 | 3840 @node Not Intervals |
3841 @subsection Why Text Properties are not Intervals | |
3842 @cindex intervals | |
3843 | |
3844 Some editors that support adding attributes to text in the buffer do | |
3845 so by letting the user specify ``intervals'' within the text, and adding | |
3846 the properties to the intervals. Those editors permit the user or the | |
3847 programmer to determine where individual intervals start and end. We | |
3848 deliberately provided a different sort of interface in Emacs Lisp to | |
3849 avoid certain paradoxical behavior associated with text modification. | |
3850 | |
3851 If the actual subdivision into intervals is meaningful, that means you | |
3852 can distinguish between a buffer that is just one interval with a | |
3853 certain property, and a buffer containing the same text subdivided into | |
3854 two intervals, both of which have that property. | |
3855 | |
3856 Suppose you take the buffer with just one interval and kill part of | |
3857 the text. The text remaining in the buffer is one interval, and the | |
3858 copy in the kill ring (and the undo list) becomes a separate interval. | |
3859 Then if you yank back the killed text, you get two intervals with the | |
3860 same properties. Thus, editing does not preserve the distinction | |
3861 between one interval and two. | |
3862 | |
3863 Suppose we ``fix'' this problem by coalescing the two intervals when | |
3864 the text is inserted. That works fine if the buffer originally was a | |
3865 single interval. But suppose instead that we have two adjacent | |
3866 intervals with the same properties, and we kill the text of one interval | |
3867 and yank it back. The same interval-coalescence feature that rescues | |
3868 the other case causes trouble in this one: after yanking, we have just | |
3869 one interval. One again, editing does not preserve the distinction | |
3870 between one interval and two. | |
3871 | |
3872 Insertion of text at the border between intervals also raises | |
3873 questions that have no satisfactory answer. | |
3874 | |
3875 However, it is easy to arrange for editing to behave consistently for | |
3876 questions of the form, ``What are the properties of this character?'' | |
3877 So we have decided these are the only questions that make sense; we have | |
3878 not implemented asking questions about where intervals start or end. | |
3879 | |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
3880 In practice, you can usually use the text property search functions in |
6558 | 3881 place of explicit interval boundaries. You can think of them as finding |
3882 the boundaries of intervals, assuming that intervals are always | |
3883 coalesced whenever possible. @xref{Property Search}. | |
3884 | |
3885 Emacs also provides explicit intervals as a presentation feature; see | |
3886 @ref{Overlays}. | |
3887 | |
3888 @node Substitution | |
3889 @section Substituting for a Character Code | |
3890 | |
3891 The following functions replace characters within a specified region | |
3892 based on their character codes. | |
3893 | |
3894 @defun subst-char-in-region start end old-char new-char &optional noundo | |
3895 @cindex replace characters | |
3896 This function replaces all occurrences of the character @var{old-char} | |
3897 with the character @var{new-char} in the region of the current buffer | |
3898 defined by @var{start} and @var{end}. | |
3899 | |
3900 @cindex undo avoidance | |
12098 | 3901 If @var{noundo} is non-@code{nil}, then @code{subst-char-in-region} does |
3902 not record the change for undo and does not mark the buffer as modified. | |
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diff
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|
3903 This was useful for controlling the old selective display feature |
ef5e7bbe6f19
Current version from /gd/gnu/elisp.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
25875
diff
changeset
|
3904 (@pxref{Selective Display}). |
6558 | 3905 |
3906 @code{subst-char-in-region} does not move point and returns | |
3907 @code{nil}. | |
3908 | |
3909 @example | |
3910 @group | |
3911 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
3912 This is the contents of the buffer before. | |
3913 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
3914 @end group | |
3915 | |
3916 @group | |
3917 (subst-char-in-region 1 20 ?i ?X) | |
3918 @result{} nil | |
3919 | |
3920 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
3921 ThXs Xs the contents of the buffer before. | |
3922 ---------- Buffer: foo ---------- | |
3923 @end group | |
3924 @end example | |
3925 @end defun | |
3926 | |
3927 @defun translate-region start end table | |
3928 This function applies a translation table to the characters in the | |
3929 buffer between positions @var{start} and @var{end}. | |
3930 | |
57646
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3931 The translation table @var{table} is a string or a char-table; |
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3932 @code{(aref @var{table} @var{ochar})} gives the translated character |
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3933 corresponding to @var{ochar}. If @var{table} is a string, any |
6558 | 3934 characters with codes larger than the length of @var{table} are not |
3935 altered by the translation. | |
3936 | |
3937 The return value of @code{translate-region} is the number of | |
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3938 characters that were actually changed by the translation. This does |
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3939 not count characters that were mapped into themselves in the |
6558 | 3940 translation table. |
3941 @end defun | |
3942 | |
3943 @node Registers | |
3944 @section Registers | |
3945 @cindex registers | |
3946 | |
3947 A register is a sort of variable used in Emacs editing that can hold a | |
21682
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3948 variety of different kinds of values. Each register is named by a |
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3949 single character. All @acronym{ASCII} characters and their meta variants |
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3950 (but with the exception of @kbd{C-g}) can be used to name registers. |
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3951 Thus, there are 255 possible registers. A register is designated in |
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3952 Emacs Lisp by the character that is its name. |
6558 | 3953 |
3954 @defvar register-alist | |
3955 This variable is an alist of elements of the form @code{(@var{name} . | |
3956 @var{contents})}. Normally, there is one element for each Emacs | |
3957 register that has been used. | |
3958 | |
3959 The object @var{name} is a character (an integer) identifying the | |
21682
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3960 register. |
6558 | 3961 @end defvar |
3962 | |
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3963 The @var{contents} of a register can have several possible types: |
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3964 |
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3965 @table @asis |
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3966 @item a number |
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3967 A number stands for itself. If @code{insert-register} finds a number |
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3968 in the register, it converts the number to decimal. |
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3969 |
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3970 @item a marker |
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3971 A marker represents a buffer position to jump to. |
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3972 |
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3973 @item a string |
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3974 A string is text saved in the register. |
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3975 |
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3976 @item a rectangle |
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3977 A rectangle is represented by a list of strings. |
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3978 |
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3979 @item @code{(@var{window-configuration} @var{position})} |
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3980 This represents a window configuration to restore in one frame, and a |
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3981 position to jump to in the current buffer. |
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3982 |
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3983 @item @code{(@var{frame-configuration} @var{position})} |
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3984 This represents a frame configuration to restore, and a position |
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3985 to jump to in the current buffer. |
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3986 |
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3987 @item (file @var{filename}) |
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3988 This represents a file to visit; jumping to this value visits file |
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3989 @var{filename}. |
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3990 |
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3991 @item (file-query @var{filename} @var{position}) |
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3992 This represents a file to visit and a position in it; jumping to this |
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3993 value visits file @var{filename} and goes to buffer position |
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3994 @var{position}. Restoring this type of position asks the user for |
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3995 confirmation first. |
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3996 @end table |
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3997 |
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3998 The functions in this section return unpredictable values unless |
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3999 otherwise stated. |
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4000 |
6558 | 4001 @defun get-register reg |
4002 This function returns the contents of the register | |
4003 @var{reg}, or @code{nil} if it has no contents. | |
4004 @end defun | |
4005 | |
4006 @defun set-register reg value | |
4007 This function sets the contents of register @var{reg} to @var{value}. | |
4008 A register can be set to any value, but the other register functions | |
4009 expect only certain data types. The return value is @var{value}. | |
4010 @end defun | |
4011 | |
4012 @deffn Command view-register reg | |
4013 This command displays what is contained in register @var{reg}. | |
4014 @end deffn | |
4015 | |
4016 @ignore | |
4017 @deffn Command point-to-register reg | |
4018 This command stores both the current location of point and the current | |
4019 buffer in register @var{reg} as a marker. | |
4020 @end deffn | |
4021 | |
4022 @deffn Command jump-to-register reg | |
4023 @deffnx Command register-to-point reg | |
4024 @comment !!SourceFile register.el | |
4025 This command restores the status recorded in register @var{reg}. | |
4026 | |
4027 If @var{reg} contains a marker, it moves point to the position stored in | |
4028 the marker. Since both the buffer and the location within the buffer | |
4029 are stored by the @code{point-to-register} function, this command can | |
4030 switch you to another buffer. | |
4031 | |
4032 If @var{reg} contains a window configuration or a frame configuration. | |
4033 @code{jump-to-register} restores that configuration. | |
4034 @end deffn | |
4035 @end ignore | |
4036 | |
4037 @deffn Command insert-register reg &optional beforep | |
4038 This command inserts contents of register @var{reg} into the current | |
4039 buffer. | |
4040 | |
4041 Normally, this command puts point before the inserted text, and the | |
4042 mark after it. However, if the optional second argument @var{beforep} | |
4043 is non-@code{nil}, it puts the mark before and point after. | |
4044 You can pass a non-@code{nil} second argument @var{beforep} to this | |
4045 function interactively by supplying any prefix argument. | |
4046 | |
4047 If the register contains a rectangle, then the rectangle is inserted | |
4048 with its upper left corner at point. This means that text is inserted | |
4049 in the current line and underneath it on successive lines. | |
4050 | |
4051 If the register contains something other than saved text (a string) or | |
4052 a rectangle (a list), currently useless things happen. This may be | |
4053 changed in the future. | |
4054 @end deffn | |
4055 | |
4056 @ignore | |
4057 @deffn Command copy-to-register reg start end &optional delete-flag | |
4058 This command copies the region from @var{start} to @var{end} into | |
4059 register @var{reg}. If @var{delete-flag} is non-@code{nil}, it deletes | |
4060 the region from the buffer after copying it into the register. | |
4061 @end deffn | |
4062 | |
4063 @deffn Command prepend-to-register reg start end &optional delete-flag | |
4064 This command prepends the region from @var{start} to @var{end} into | |
4065 register @var{reg}. If @var{delete-flag} is non-@code{nil}, it deletes | |
4066 the region from the buffer after copying it to the register. | |
4067 @end deffn | |
4068 | |
4069 @deffn Command append-to-register reg start end &optional delete-flag | |
4070 This command appends the region from @var{start} to @var{end} to the | |
4071 text already in register @var{reg}. If @var{delete-flag} is | |
4072 non-@code{nil}, it deletes the region from the buffer after copying it | |
4073 to the register. | |
4074 @end deffn | |
4075 | |
4076 @deffn Command copy-rectangle-to-register reg start end &optional delete-flag | |
4077 This command copies a rectangular region from @var{start} to @var{end} | |
4078 into register @var{reg}. If @var{delete-flag} is non-@code{nil}, it | |
4079 deletes the region from the buffer after copying it to the register. | |
4080 @end deffn | |
4081 | |
4082 @deffn Command window-configuration-to-register reg | |
4083 This function stores the window configuration of the selected frame in | |
4084 register @var{reg}. | |
4085 @end deffn | |
4086 | |
4087 @deffn Command frame-configuration-to-register reg | |
4088 This function stores the current frame configuration in register | |
4089 @var{reg}. | |
4090 @end deffn | |
4091 @end ignore | |
4092 | |
7735
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4093 @node Transposition |
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4094 @section Transposition of Text |
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4095 |
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4096 This subroutine is used by the transposition commands. |
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4097 |
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4098 @defun transpose-regions start1 end1 start2 end2 &optional leave-markers |
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4099 This function exchanges two nonoverlapping portions of the buffer. |
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4100 Arguments @var{start1} and @var{end1} specify the bounds of one portion |
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4101 and arguments @var{start2} and @var{end2} specify the bounds of the |
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4102 other portion. |
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4103 |
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4104 Normally, @code{transpose-regions} relocates markers with the transposed |
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4105 text; a marker previously positioned within one of the two transposed |
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4106 portions moves along with that portion, thus remaining between the same |
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4107 two characters in their new position. However, if @var{leave-markers} |
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4108 is non-@code{nil}, @code{transpose-regions} does not do this---it leaves |
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4109 all markers unrelocated. |
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4110 @end defun |
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4111 |
24951
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4112 @node Base 64 |
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4113 @section Base 64 Encoding |
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4114 @cindex base 64 encoding |
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4115 |
39168 | 4116 Base 64 code is used in email to encode a sequence of 8-bit bytes as |
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4117 a longer sequence of @acronym{ASCII} graphic characters. It is defined in |
39208
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4118 Internet RFC@footnote{ |
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4119 An RFC, an acronym for @dfn{Request for Comments}, is a numbered |
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4120 Internet informational document describing a standard. RFCs are |
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4121 usually written by technical experts acting on their own initiative, |
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4122 and are traditionally written in a pragmatic, experience-driven |
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4123 manner. |
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4124 }2045. This section describes the functions for |
39168 | 4125 converting to and from this code. |
24951
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4126 |
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4127 @defun base64-encode-region beg end &optional no-line-break |
33911 | 4128 This function converts the region from @var{beg} to @var{end} into base |
4129 64 code. It returns the length of the encoded text. An error is | |
4130 signaled if a character in the region is multibyte, i.e.@: in a | |
4131 multibyte buffer the region must contain only characters from the | |
4132 charsets @code{ascii}, @code{eight-bit-control} and | |
4133 @code{eight-bit-graphic}. | |
24951
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4134 |
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4135 Normally, this function inserts newline characters into the encoded |
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4136 text, to avoid overlong lines. However, if the optional argument |
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4137 @var{no-line-break} is non-@code{nil}, these newlines are not added, so |
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4138 the output is just one long line. |
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4139 @end defun |
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4140 |
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4141 @defun base64-encode-string string &optional no-line-break |
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4142 This function converts the string @var{string} into base 64 code. It |
33911 | 4143 returns a string containing the encoded text. As for |
4144 @code{base64-encode-region}, an error is signaled if a character in the | |
4145 string is multibyte. | |
24951
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4146 |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4147 Normally, this function inserts newline characters into the encoded |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4148 text, to avoid overlong lines. However, if the optional argument |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4149 @var{no-line-break} is non-@code{nil}, these newlines are not added, so |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4150 the result string is just one long line. |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4151 @end defun |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4152 |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4153 @defun base64-decode-region beg end |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4154 This function converts the region from @var{beg} to @var{end} from base |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4155 64 code into the corresponding decoded text. It returns the length of |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4156 the decoded text. |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4157 |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4158 The decoding functions ignore newline characters in the encoded text. |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4159 @end defun |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4160 |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4161 @defun base64-decode-string string |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4162 This function converts the string @var{string} from base 64 code into |
51446
a3a94326d597
base64-decode-string returns unibyte string.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
50467
diff
changeset
|
4163 the corresponding decoded text. It returns a unibyte string containing the |
24951
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4164 decoded text. |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4165 |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4166 The decoding functions ignore newline characters in the encoded text. |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4167 @end defun |
7451b1458af1
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
23147
diff
changeset
|
4168 |
39208
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4169 @node MD5 Checksum |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4170 @section MD5 Checksum |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4171 @cindex MD5 checksum |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4172 @cindex message digest computation |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4173 |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4174 MD5 cryptographic checksums, or @dfn{message digests}, are 128-bit |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4175 ``fingerprints'' of a document or program. They are used to verify |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4176 that you have an exact and unaltered copy of the data. The algorithm |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4177 to calculate the MD5 message digest is defined in Internet |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4178 RFC@footnote{ |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4179 For an explanation of what is an RFC, see the footnote in @ref{Base |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4180 64}. |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4181 }1321. This section describes the Emacs facilities for computing |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4182 message digests. |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4183 |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4184 @defun md5 object &optional start end coding-system noerror |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4185 This function returns the MD5 message digest of @var{object}, which |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4186 should be a buffer or a string. |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4187 |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4188 The two optional arguments @var{start} and @var{end} are character |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4189 positions specifying the portion of @var{object} to compute the |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4190 message digest for. If they are @code{nil} or omitted, the digest is |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4191 computed for the whole of @var{object}. |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4192 |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4193 The function @code{md5} does not compute the message digest directly |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4194 from the internal Emacs representation of the text (@pxref{Text |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4195 Representations}). Instead, it encodes the text using a coding |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4196 system, and computes the message digest from the encoded text. The |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4197 optional fourth argument @var{coding-system} specifies which coding |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4198 system to use for encoding the text. It should be the same coding |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4199 system that you used to read the text, or that you used or will use |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4200 when saving or sending the text. @xref{Coding Systems}, for more |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4201 information about coding systems. |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4202 |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4203 If @var{coding-system} is @code{nil} or omitted, the default depends |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4204 on @var{object}. If @var{object} is a buffer, the default for |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4205 @var{coding-system} is whatever coding system would be chosen by |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4206 default for writing this text into a file. If @var{object} is a |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4207 string, the user's most preferred coding system (@pxref{Recognize |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4208 Coding, prefer-coding-system, the description of |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4209 @code{prefer-coding-system}, emacs, GNU Emacs Manual}) is used. |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4210 |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4211 Normally, @code{md5} signals an error if the text can't be encoded |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4212 using the specified or chosen coding system. However, if |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4213 @var{noerror} is non-@code{nil}, it silently uses @code{raw-text} |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4214 coding instead. |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4215 @end defun |
ad4839873265
(MD5 Checksum): New node, documents the md5 primitive.
Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
parents:
39168
diff
changeset
|
4216 |
52192
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4217 @node Atomic Changes |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4218 @section Atomic Change Groups |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4219 @cindex atomic changes |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4220 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4221 In data base terminology, an @dfn{atomic} change is an indivisible |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4222 change---it can succeed entirely or it can fail entirely, but it |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4223 cannot partly succeed. A Lisp program can make a series of changes to |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4224 one or several buffers as an @dfn{atomic change group}, meaning that |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4225 either the entire series of changes will be installed in their buffers |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4226 or, in case of an error, none of them will be. |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4227 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4228 To do this for one buffer, the one already current, simply write a |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4229 call to @code{atomic-change-group} around the code that makes the |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4230 changes, like this: |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4231 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4232 @example |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4233 (atomic-change-group |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4234 (insert foo) |
aeb0d981dc7e
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4235 (delete-region x y)) |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4236 @end example |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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51911
diff
changeset
|
4237 |
aeb0d981dc7e
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parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4238 @noindent |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4239 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4240 @code{atomic-change-group}, it unmakes all the changes in that buffer |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4241 that were during the execution of the body. This kind of change group |
54916 | 4242 has no effect on any other buffers---any such changes remain. |
52192
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
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parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4243 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
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parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4244 If you need something more sophisticated, such as to make changes in |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4245 various buffers constitute one atomic group, you must directly call |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4246 lower-level functions that @code{atomic-change-group} uses. |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4247 |
aeb0d981dc7e
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parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4248 @defun prepare-change-group &optional buffer |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4249 This function sets up a change group for buffer @var{buffer}, which |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
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parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4250 defaults to the current buffer. It returns a ``handle'' that |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4251 represents the change group. You must use this handle to activate the |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4252 change group and subsequently to finish it. |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4253 @end defun |
aeb0d981dc7e
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parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4254 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4255 To use the change group, you must @dfn{activate} it. You must do |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4256 this before making any changes in the text of @var{buffer}. |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4257 |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4258 @defun activate-change-group handle |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4259 This function activates the change group that @var{handle} designates. |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4260 @end defun |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
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parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4261 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4262 After you activate the change group, any changes you make in that |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4263 buffer become part of it. Once you have made all the desired changes |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4264 in the buffer, you must @dfn{finish} the change group. There are two |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4265 ways to do this: you can either accept (and finalize) all the changes, |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4266 or cancel them all. |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4267 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4268 @defun accept-change-group handle |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4269 This function accepts all the changes in the change group specified by |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4270 @var{handle}, making them final. |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4271 @end defun |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4272 |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4273 @defun cancel-change-group handle |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4274 This function cancels and undoes all the changes in the change group |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4275 specified by @var{handle}. |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4276 @end defun |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4277 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4278 Your code should use @code{unwind-protect} to make sure the group is |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4279 always finished. The call to @code{activate-change-group} should be |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4280 inside the @code{unwind-protect}, in case the user types @kbd{C-g} |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4281 just after it runs. (This is one reason why |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4282 @code{prepare-change-group} and @code{activate-change-group} are |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4283 separate functions, because normally you would call |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4284 @code{prepare-change-group} before the start of that |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4285 @code{unwind-protect}.) Once you finish the group, don't use the |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4286 handle again---in particular, don't try to finish the same group |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4287 twice. |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4288 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4289 To make a multibuffer change group, call @code{prepare-change-group} |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4290 once for each buffer you want to cover, then use @code{nconc} to |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4291 combine the returned values, like this: |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4292 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4293 @example |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4294 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1) |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4295 (prepare-change-group buffer-2)) |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4296 @end example |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4297 |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4298 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4299 to @code{activate-change-group}, and finish it with a single call to |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4300 @code{accept-change-group} or @code{cancel-change-group}. |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4301 |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4302 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4303 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer |
aeb0d981dc7e
(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4304 will get Emacs confused, so don't let it happen; the first change |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51911
diff
changeset
|
4305 group you start for any given buffer should be the last one finished. |
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(Insertion): Add insert-buffer-substring-no-properties.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4306 |
6558 | 4307 @node Change Hooks |
4308 @section Change Hooks | |
4309 @cindex change hooks | |
4310 @cindex hooks for text changes | |
4311 | |
4312 These hook variables let you arrange to take notice of all changes in | |
4313 all buffers (or in a particular buffer, if you make them buffer-local). | |
4314 See also @ref{Special Properties}, for how to detect changes to specific | |
4315 parts of the text. | |
4316 | |
4317 The functions you use in these hooks should save and restore the match | |
4318 data if they do anything that uses regular expressions; otherwise, they | |
4319 will interfere in bizarre ways with the editing operations that call | |
4320 them. | |
4321 | |
6782
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4322 @defvar before-change-functions |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4323 This variable holds a list of functions to call before any buffer |
6782
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4324 modification. Each function gets two arguments, the beginning and end |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4325 of the region that is about to change, represented as integers. The |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4326 buffer that is about to change is always the current buffer. |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4327 @end defvar |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4328 |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4329 @defvar after-change-functions |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4330 This variable holds a list of functions to call after any buffer |
6782
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4331 modification. Each function receives three arguments: the beginning and |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4332 end of the region just changed, and the length of the text that existed |
19467
d76f57ca7aba
Explain after-change-functions and chars vs bytes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18339
diff
changeset
|
4333 before the change. All three arguments are integers. The buffer that's |
d76f57ca7aba
Explain after-change-functions and chars vs bytes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18339
diff
changeset
|
4334 about to change is always the current buffer. |
d76f57ca7aba
Explain after-change-functions and chars vs bytes.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
18339
diff
changeset
|
4335 |
22252
40089afa2b1d
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
22138
diff
changeset
|
4336 The length of the old text is the difference between the buffer positions |
22138
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
4337 before and after that text as it was before the change. As for the |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
4338 changed text, its length is simply the difference between the first two |
d4ac295a98b3
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21682
diff
changeset
|
4339 arguments. |
6782
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4340 @end defvar |
5b07647ec8f7
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
6558
diff
changeset
|
4341 |
54120
836a9ea3b5a4
Various small changes in addition to the following:
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents:
54041
diff
changeset
|
4342 Output of messages into the @samp{*Messages*} buffer does not |
51702
82502bf293e0
(Buffer Contents): Document current-word.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51446
diff
changeset
|
4343 call these functions. |
82502bf293e0
(Buffer Contents): Document current-word.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
51446
diff
changeset
|
4344 |
66149
de93c7939d28
(Change Hooks): Replace `...' with `@dots{}' in `@defmac' and `@defspec'.
Juri Linkov <juri@jurta.org>
parents:
65369
diff
changeset
|
4345 @defmac combine-after-change-calls body@dots{} |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4346 The macro executes @var{body} normally, but arranges to call the |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4347 after-change functions just once for a series of several changes---if |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4348 that seems safe. |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4349 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4350 If a program makes several text changes in the same area of the buffer, |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4351 using the macro @code{combine-after-change-calls} around that part of |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4352 the program can make it run considerably faster when after-change hooks |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
4353 are in use. When the after-change hooks are ultimately called, the |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
4354 arguments specify a portion of the buffer including all of the changes |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
4355 made within the @code{combine-after-change-calls} body. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4356 |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4357 @strong{Warning:} You must not alter the values of |
31079 | 4358 @code{after-change-functions} within |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4359 the body of a @code{combine-after-change-calls} form. |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
4360 |
52626 | 4361 @strong{Warning:} if the changes you combine occur in widely scattered |
21682
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
4362 parts of the buffer, this will still work, but it is not advisable, |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
4363 because it may lead to inefficient behavior for some change hook |
90da2489c498
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
21007
diff
changeset
|
4364 functions. |
21007
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4365 @end defmac |
66d807bdc5b4
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
19467
diff
changeset
|
4366 |
6558 | 4367 @defvar first-change-hook |
4368 This variable is a normal hook that is run whenever a buffer is changed | |
4369 that was previously in the unmodified state. | |
4370 @end defvar | |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4371 |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4372 @defvar inhibit-modification-hooks |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4373 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, all of the change hooks are |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4374 disabled; none of them run. This affects all the hook variables |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4375 described above in this section, as well as the hooks attached to |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4376 certain special text properties (@pxref{Special Properties}) and overlay |
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4377 properties (@pxref{Overlay Properties}). |
78602
b86e73d7c635
(reset_var_on_error): New fun.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
77846
diff
changeset
|
4378 |
b86e73d7c635
(reset_var_on_error): New fun.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
77846
diff
changeset
|
4379 Also, this variable is bound to non-@code{nil} while running those |
b86e73d7c635
(reset_var_on_error): New fun.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
77846
diff
changeset
|
4380 same hook variables, so that by default modifying the buffer from |
b86e73d7c635
(reset_var_on_error): New fun.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
77846
diff
changeset
|
4381 a modification hook does not cause other modification hooks to be run. |
b86e73d7c635
(reset_var_on_error): New fun.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
77846
diff
changeset
|
4382 If you do want modification hooks to be run in a particular piece of |
b86e73d7c635
(reset_var_on_error): New fun.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
77846
diff
changeset
|
4383 code that is itself run from a modification hook, then rebind locally |
b86e73d7c635
(reset_var_on_error): New fun.
Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca>
parents:
77846
diff
changeset
|
4384 @code{inhibit-modification-hooks} to @code{nil}. |
25751
467b88fab665
*** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
25454
diff
changeset
|
4385 @end defvar |
52401 | 4386 |
4387 @ignore | |
4388 arch-tag: 3721e738-a1cb-4085-bc1a-6cb8d8e1d32b | |
4389 @end ignore |