Mercurial > emacs
annotate lisp/calc/calcalg2.el @ 47640:d5e4a276998c
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author | Kenichi Handa <handa@m17n.org> |
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date | Fri, 27 Sep 2002 00:47:25 +0000 |
parents | 43be8de143a2 |
children | f4d68f97221e |
rev | line source |
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41271
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1 ;;; calcalg2.el --- more algebraic functions for Calc |
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2 |
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3 ;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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4 |
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5 ;; Author: David Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com> |
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6 ;; Maintainer: Colin Walters <walters@debian.org> |
40785 | 7 |
8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
9 | |
10 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
11 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY. No author or distributor | |
12 ;; accepts responsibility to anyone for the consequences of using it | |
13 ;; or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, | |
14 ;; unless he says so in writing. Refer to the GNU Emacs General Public | |
15 ;; License for full details. | |
16 | |
17 ;; Everyone is granted permission to copy, modify and redistribute | |
18 ;; GNU Emacs, but only under the conditions described in the | |
19 ;; GNU Emacs General Public License. A copy of this license is | |
20 ;; supposed to have been given to you along with GNU Emacs so you | |
21 ;; can know your rights and responsibilities. It should be in a | |
22 ;; file named COPYING. Among other things, the copyright notice | |
23 ;; and this notice must be preserved on all copies. | |
24 | |
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25 ;;; Commentary: |
40785 | 26 |
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27 ;;; Code: |
40785 | 28 |
29 ;; This file is autoloaded from calc-ext.el. | |
30 (require 'calc-ext) | |
31 | |
32 (require 'calc-macs) | |
33 | |
34 (defun calc-Need-calc-alg-2 () nil) | |
35 | |
36 | |
37 (defun calc-derivative (var num) | |
38 (interactive "sDifferentiate with respect to: \np") | |
39 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
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40 (when (< num 0) |
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41 (error "Order of derivative must be positive")) |
40785 | 42 (let ((func (if (calc-is-hyperbolic) 'calcFunc-tderiv 'calcFunc-deriv)) |
43 n expr) | |
44 (if (or (equal var "") (equal var "$")) | |
45 (setq n 2 | |
46 expr (calc-top-n 2) | |
47 var (calc-top-n 1)) | |
48 (setq var (math-read-expr var)) | |
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49 (when (eq (car-safe var) 'error) |
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50 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 var))) |
40785 | 51 (setq n 1 |
52 expr (calc-top-n 1))) | |
53 (while (>= (setq num (1- num)) 0) | |
54 (setq expr (list func expr var))) | |
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55 (calc-enter-result n "derv" expr)))) |
40785 | 56 |
57 (defun calc-integral (var) | |
58 (interactive "sIntegration variable: ") | |
59 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
60 (if (or (equal var "") (equal var "$")) | |
61 (calc-enter-result 2 "intg" (list 'calcFunc-integ | |
62 (calc-top-n 2) | |
63 (calc-top-n 1))) | |
64 (let ((var (math-read-expr var))) | |
65 (if (eq (car-safe var) 'error) | |
66 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 var))) | |
67 (calc-enter-result 1 "intg" (list 'calcFunc-integ | |
68 (calc-top-n 1) | |
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69 var)))))) |
40785 | 70 |
71 (defun calc-num-integral (&optional varname lowname highname) | |
72 (interactive "sIntegration variable: ") | |
73 (calc-tabular-command 'calcFunc-ninteg "Integration" "nint" | |
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74 nil varname lowname highname)) |
40785 | 75 |
76 (defun calc-summation (arg &optional varname lowname highname) | |
77 (interactive "P\nsSummation variable: ") | |
78 (calc-tabular-command 'calcFunc-sum "Summation" "sum" | |
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79 arg varname lowname highname)) |
40785 | 80 |
81 (defun calc-alt-summation (arg &optional varname lowname highname) | |
82 (interactive "P\nsSummation variable: ") | |
83 (calc-tabular-command 'calcFunc-asum "Summation" "asum" | |
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84 arg varname lowname highname)) |
40785 | 85 |
86 (defun calc-product (arg &optional varname lowname highname) | |
87 (interactive "P\nsIndex variable: ") | |
88 (calc-tabular-command 'calcFunc-prod "Index" "prod" | |
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89 arg varname lowname highname)) |
40785 | 90 |
91 (defun calc-tabulate (arg &optional varname lowname highname) | |
92 (interactive "P\nsIndex variable: ") | |
93 (calc-tabular-command 'calcFunc-table "Index" "tabl" | |
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94 arg varname lowname highname)) |
40785 | 95 |
96 (defun calc-tabular-command (func prompt prefix arg varname lowname highname) | |
97 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
98 (let (var (low nil) (high nil) (step nil) stepname stepnum (num 1) expr) | |
99 (if (consp arg) | |
100 (setq stepnum 1) | |
101 (setq stepnum 0)) | |
102 (if (or (equal varname "") (equal varname "$") (null varname)) | |
103 (setq high (calc-top-n (+ stepnum 1)) | |
104 low (calc-top-n (+ stepnum 2)) | |
105 var (calc-top-n (+ stepnum 3)) | |
106 num (+ stepnum 4)) | |
107 (setq var (if (stringp varname) (math-read-expr varname) varname)) | |
108 (if (eq (car-safe var) 'error) | |
109 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 var))) | |
110 (or lowname | |
111 (setq lowname (read-string (concat prompt " variable: " varname | |
112 ", from: ")))) | |
113 (if (or (equal lowname "") (equal lowname "$")) | |
114 (setq high (calc-top-n (+ stepnum 1)) | |
115 low (calc-top-n (+ stepnum 2)) | |
116 num (+ stepnum 3)) | |
117 (setq low (if (stringp lowname) (math-read-expr lowname) lowname)) | |
118 (if (eq (car-safe low) 'error) | |
119 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 low))) | |
120 (or highname | |
121 (setq highname (read-string (concat prompt " variable: " varname | |
122 ", from: " lowname | |
123 ", to: ")))) | |
124 (if (or (equal highname "") (equal highname "$")) | |
125 (setq high (calc-top-n (+ stepnum 1)) | |
126 num (+ stepnum 2)) | |
127 (setq high (if (stringp highname) (math-read-expr highname) | |
128 highname)) | |
129 (if (eq (car-safe high) 'error) | |
130 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 high))) | |
131 (if (consp arg) | |
132 (progn | |
133 (setq stepname (read-string (concat prompt " variable: " | |
134 varname | |
135 ", from: " lowname | |
136 ", to: " highname | |
137 ", step: "))) | |
138 (if (or (equal stepname "") (equal stepname "$")) | |
139 (setq step (calc-top-n 1) | |
140 num 2) | |
141 (setq step (math-read-expr stepname)) | |
142 (if (eq (car-safe step) 'error) | |
143 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" | |
144 (nth 1 step))))))))) | |
145 (or step | |
146 (if (consp arg) | |
147 (setq step (calc-top-n 1)) | |
148 (if arg | |
149 (setq step (prefix-numeric-value arg))))) | |
150 (setq expr (calc-top-n num)) | |
151 (calc-enter-result num prefix (append (list func expr var low high) | |
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152 (and step (list step))))))) |
40785 | 153 |
154 (defun calc-solve-for (var) | |
155 (interactive "sVariable to solve for: ") | |
156 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
157 (let ((func (if (calc-is-inverse) | |
158 (if (calc-is-hyperbolic) 'calcFunc-ffinv 'calcFunc-finv) | |
159 (if (calc-is-hyperbolic) 'calcFunc-fsolve 'calcFunc-solve)))) | |
160 (if (or (equal var "") (equal var "$")) | |
161 (calc-enter-result 2 "solv" (list func | |
162 (calc-top-n 2) | |
163 (calc-top-n 1))) | |
164 (let ((var (if (and (string-match ",\\|[^ ] +[^ ]" var) | |
165 (not (string-match "\\[" var))) | |
166 (math-read-expr (concat "[" var "]")) | |
167 (math-read-expr var)))) | |
168 (if (eq (car-safe var) 'error) | |
169 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 var))) | |
170 (calc-enter-result 1 "solv" (list func | |
171 (calc-top-n 1) | |
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172 var))))))) |
40785 | 173 |
174 (defun calc-poly-roots (var) | |
175 (interactive "sVariable to solve for: ") | |
176 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
177 (if (or (equal var "") (equal var "$")) | |
178 (calc-enter-result 2 "prts" (list 'calcFunc-roots | |
179 (calc-top-n 2) | |
180 (calc-top-n 1))) | |
181 (let ((var (if (and (string-match ",\\|[^ ] +[^ ]" var) | |
182 (not (string-match "\\[" var))) | |
183 (math-read-expr (concat "[" var "]")) | |
184 (math-read-expr var)))) | |
185 (if (eq (car-safe var) 'error) | |
186 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 var))) | |
187 (calc-enter-result 1 "prts" (list 'calcFunc-roots | |
188 (calc-top-n 1) | |
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189 var)))))) |
40785 | 190 |
191 (defun calc-taylor (var nterms) | |
192 (interactive "sTaylor expansion variable: \nNNumber of terms: ") | |
193 (calc-slow-wrapper | |
194 (let ((var (math-read-expr var))) | |
195 (if (eq (car-safe var) 'error) | |
196 (error "Bad format in expression: %s" (nth 1 var))) | |
197 (calc-enter-result 1 "tylr" (list 'calcFunc-taylor | |
198 (calc-top-n 1) | |
199 var | |
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200 (prefix-numeric-value nterms)))))) |
40785 | 201 |
202 | |
203 (defun math-derivative (expr) ; uses global values: deriv-var, deriv-total. | |
204 (cond ((equal expr deriv-var) | |
205 1) | |
206 ((or (Math-scalarp expr) | |
207 (eq (car expr) 'sdev) | |
208 (and (eq (car expr) 'var) | |
209 (or (not deriv-total) | |
210 (math-const-var expr) | |
211 (progn | |
212 (math-setup-declarations) | |
213 (memq 'const (nth 1 (or (assq (nth 2 expr) | |
214 math-decls-cache) | |
215 math-decls-all))))))) | |
216 0) | |
217 ((eq (car expr) '+) | |
218 (math-add (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) | |
219 (math-derivative (nth 2 expr)))) | |
220 ((eq (car expr) '-) | |
221 (math-sub (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) | |
222 (math-derivative (nth 2 expr)))) | |
223 ((memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-eq calcFunc-neq calcFunc-lt | |
224 calcFunc-gt calcFunc-leq calcFunc-geq)) | |
225 (list (car expr) | |
226 (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) | |
227 (math-derivative (nth 2 expr)))) | |
228 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
229 (math-neg (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)))) | |
230 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
231 (math-add (math-mul (nth 2 expr) | |
232 (math-derivative (nth 1 expr))) | |
233 (math-mul (nth 1 expr) | |
234 (math-derivative (nth 2 expr))))) | |
235 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
236 (math-sub (math-div (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) | |
237 (nth 2 expr)) | |
238 (math-div (math-mul (nth 1 expr) | |
239 (math-derivative (nth 2 expr))) | |
240 (math-sqr (nth 2 expr))))) | |
241 ((eq (car expr) '^) | |
242 (let ((du (math-derivative (nth 1 expr))) | |
243 (dv (math-derivative (nth 2 expr)))) | |
244 (or (Math-zerop du) | |
245 (setq du (math-mul (nth 2 expr) | |
246 (math-mul (math-normalize | |
247 (list '^ | |
248 (nth 1 expr) | |
249 (math-add (nth 2 expr) -1))) | |
250 du)))) | |
251 (or (Math-zerop dv) | |
252 (setq dv (math-mul (math-normalize | |
253 (list 'calcFunc-ln (nth 1 expr))) | |
254 (math-mul expr dv)))) | |
255 (math-add du dv))) | |
256 ((eq (car expr) '%) | |
257 (math-derivative (nth 1 expr))) ; a reasonable definition | |
258 ((eq (car expr) 'vec) | |
259 (math-map-vec 'math-derivative expr)) | |
260 ((and (memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-conj calcFunc-re calcFunc-im)) | |
261 (= (length expr) 2)) | |
262 (list (car expr) (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)))) | |
263 ((and (memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-subscr calcFunc-mrow calcFunc-mcol)) | |
264 (= (length expr) 3)) | |
265 (let ((d (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)))) | |
266 (if (math-numberp d) | |
267 0 ; assume x and x_1 are independent vars | |
268 (list (car expr) d (nth 2 expr))))) | |
269 (t (or (and (symbolp (car expr)) | |
270 (if (= (length expr) 2) | |
271 (let ((handler (get (car expr) 'math-derivative))) | |
272 (and handler | |
273 (let ((deriv (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)))) | |
274 (if (Math-zerop deriv) | |
275 deriv | |
276 (math-mul (funcall handler (nth 1 expr)) | |
277 deriv))))) | |
278 (let ((handler (get (car expr) 'math-derivative-n))) | |
279 (and handler | |
280 (funcall handler expr))))) | |
281 (and (not (eq deriv-symb 'pre-expand)) | |
282 (let ((exp (math-expand-formula expr))) | |
283 (and exp | |
284 (or (let ((deriv-symb 'pre-expand)) | |
285 (catch 'math-deriv (math-derivative expr))) | |
286 (math-derivative exp))))) | |
287 (if (or (Math-objvecp expr) | |
288 (eq (car expr) 'var) | |
289 (not (symbolp (car expr)))) | |
290 (if deriv-symb | |
291 (throw 'math-deriv nil) | |
292 (list (if deriv-total 'calcFunc-tderiv 'calcFunc-deriv) | |
293 expr | |
294 deriv-var)) | |
295 (let ((accum 0) | |
296 (arg expr) | |
297 (n 1) | |
298 derv) | |
299 (while (setq arg (cdr arg)) | |
300 (or (Math-zerop (setq derv (math-derivative (car arg)))) | |
301 (let ((func (intern (concat (symbol-name (car expr)) | |
302 "'" | |
303 (if (> n 1) | |
304 (int-to-string n) | |
305 "")))) | |
306 (prop (cond ((= (length expr) 2) | |
307 'math-derivative-1) | |
308 ((= (length expr) 3) | |
309 'math-derivative-2) | |
310 ((= (length expr) 4) | |
311 'math-derivative-3) | |
312 ((= (length expr) 5) | |
313 'math-derivative-4) | |
314 ((= (length expr) 6) | |
315 'math-derivative-5)))) | |
316 (setq accum | |
317 (math-add | |
318 accum | |
319 (math-mul | |
320 derv | |
321 (let ((handler (get func prop))) | |
322 (or (and prop handler | |
323 (apply handler (cdr expr))) | |
324 (if (and deriv-symb | |
325 (not (get func | |
326 'calc-user-defn))) | |
327 (throw 'math-deriv nil) | |
328 (cons func (cdr expr)))))))))) | |
329 (setq n (1+ n))) | |
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330 accum)))))) |
40785 | 331 |
332 (defun calcFunc-deriv (expr deriv-var &optional deriv-value deriv-symb) | |
333 (let* ((deriv-total nil) | |
334 (res (catch 'math-deriv (math-derivative expr)))) | |
335 (or (eq (car-safe res) 'calcFunc-deriv) | |
336 (null res) | |
337 (setq res (math-normalize res))) | |
338 (and res | |
339 (if deriv-value | |
340 (math-expr-subst res deriv-var deriv-value) | |
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341 res)))) |
40785 | 342 |
343 (defun calcFunc-tderiv (expr deriv-var &optional deriv-value deriv-symb) | |
344 (math-setup-declarations) | |
345 (let* ((deriv-total t) | |
346 (res (catch 'math-deriv (math-derivative expr)))) | |
347 (or (eq (car-safe res) 'calcFunc-tderiv) | |
348 (null res) | |
349 (setq res (math-normalize res))) | |
350 (and res | |
351 (if deriv-value | |
352 (math-expr-subst res deriv-var deriv-value) | |
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353 res)))) |
40785 | 354 |
355 (put 'calcFunc-inv\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
356 (function (lambda (u) (math-neg (math-div 1 (math-sqr u)))))) | |
357 | |
358 (put 'calcFunc-sqrt\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
359 (function (lambda (u) (math-div 1 (math-mul 2 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt u)))))) | |
360 | |
361 (put 'calcFunc-deg\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
362 (function (lambda (u) (math-div-float '(float 18 1) (math-pi))))) | |
363 | |
364 (put 'calcFunc-rad\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
365 (function (lambda (u) (math-pi-over-180)))) | |
366 | |
367 (put 'calcFunc-ln\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
368 (function (lambda (u) (math-div 1 u)))) | |
369 | |
370 (put 'calcFunc-log10\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
371 (function (lambda (u) | |
372 (math-div (math-div 1 (math-normalize '(calcFunc-ln 10))) | |
373 u)))) | |
374 | |
375 (put 'calcFunc-lnp1\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
376 (function (lambda (u) (math-div 1 (math-add u 1))))) | |
377 | |
378 (put 'calcFunc-log\' 'math-derivative-2 | |
379 (function (lambda (x b) | |
380 (and (not (Math-zerop b)) | |
381 (let ((lnv (math-normalize | |
382 (list 'calcFunc-ln b)))) | |
383 (math-div 1 (math-mul lnv x))))))) | |
384 | |
385 (put 'calcFunc-log\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
386 (function (lambda (x b) | |
387 (let ((lnv (list 'calcFunc-ln b))) | |
388 (math-neg (math-div (list 'calcFunc-log x b) | |
389 (math-mul lnv b))))))) | |
390 | |
391 (put 'calcFunc-exp\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
392 (function (lambda (u) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-exp u))))) | |
393 | |
394 (put 'calcFunc-expm1\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
395 (function (lambda (u) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-expm1 u))))) | |
396 | |
397 (put 'calcFunc-sin\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
398 (function (lambda (u) (math-to-radians-2 (math-normalize | |
399 (list 'calcFunc-cos u)))))) | |
400 | |
401 (put 'calcFunc-cos\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
402 (function (lambda (u) (math-neg (math-to-radians-2 | |
403 (math-normalize | |
404 (list 'calcFunc-sin u))))))) | |
405 | |
406 (put 'calcFunc-tan\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
407 (function (lambda (u) (math-to-radians-2 | |
408 (math-div 1 (math-sqr | |
409 (math-normalize | |
410 (list 'calcFunc-cos u)))))))) | |
411 | |
412 (put 'calcFunc-arcsin\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
413 (function (lambda (u) | |
414 (math-from-radians-2 | |
415 (math-div 1 (math-normalize | |
416 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
417 (math-sub 1 (math-sqr u))))))))) | |
418 | |
419 (put 'calcFunc-arccos\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
420 (function (lambda (u) | |
421 (math-from-radians-2 | |
422 (math-div -1 (math-normalize | |
423 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
424 (math-sub 1 (math-sqr u))))))))) | |
425 | |
426 (put 'calcFunc-arctan\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
427 (function (lambda (u) (math-from-radians-2 | |
428 (math-div 1 (math-add 1 (math-sqr u))))))) | |
429 | |
430 (put 'calcFunc-sinh\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
431 (function (lambda (u) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-cosh u))))) | |
432 | |
433 (put 'calcFunc-cosh\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
434 (function (lambda (u) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sinh u))))) | |
435 | |
436 (put 'calcFunc-tanh\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
437 (function (lambda (u) (math-div 1 (math-sqr | |
438 (math-normalize | |
439 (list 'calcFunc-cosh u))))))) | |
440 | |
441 (put 'calcFunc-arcsinh\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
442 (function (lambda (u) | |
443 (math-div 1 (math-normalize | |
444 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
445 (math-add (math-sqr u) 1))))))) | |
446 | |
447 (put 'calcFunc-arccosh\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
448 (function (lambda (u) | |
449 (math-div 1 (math-normalize | |
450 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
451 (math-add (math-sqr u) -1))))))) | |
452 | |
453 (put 'calcFunc-arctanh\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
454 (function (lambda (u) (math-div 1 (math-sub 1 (math-sqr u)))))) | |
455 | |
456 (put 'calcFunc-bern\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
457 (function (lambda (n x) | |
458 (math-mul n (list 'calcFunc-bern (math-add n -1) x))))) | |
459 | |
460 (put 'calcFunc-euler\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
461 (function (lambda (n x) | |
462 (math-mul n (list 'calcFunc-euler (math-add n -1) x))))) | |
463 | |
464 (put 'calcFunc-gammag\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
465 (function (lambda (a x) (math-deriv-gamma a x 1)))) | |
466 | |
467 (put 'calcFunc-gammaG\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
468 (function (lambda (a x) (math-deriv-gamma a x -1)))) | |
469 | |
470 (put 'calcFunc-gammaP\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
471 (function (lambda (a x) (math-deriv-gamma a x | |
472 (math-div | |
473 1 (math-normalize | |
474 (list 'calcFunc-gamma | |
475 a))))))) | |
476 | |
477 (put 'calcFunc-gammaQ\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
478 (function (lambda (a x) (math-deriv-gamma a x | |
479 (math-div | |
480 -1 (math-normalize | |
481 (list 'calcFunc-gamma | |
482 a))))))) | |
483 | |
484 (defun math-deriv-gamma (a x scale) | |
485 (math-mul scale | |
486 (math-mul (math-pow x (math-add a -1)) | |
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487 (list 'calcFunc-exp (math-neg x))))) |
40785 | 488 |
489 (put 'calcFunc-betaB\' 'math-derivative-3 | |
490 (function (lambda (x a b) (math-deriv-beta x a b 1)))) | |
491 | |
492 (put 'calcFunc-betaI\' 'math-derivative-3 | |
493 (function (lambda (x a b) (math-deriv-beta x a b | |
494 (math-div | |
495 1 (list 'calcFunc-beta | |
496 a b)))))) | |
497 | |
498 (defun math-deriv-beta (x a b scale) | |
499 (math-mul (math-mul (math-pow x (math-add a -1)) | |
500 (math-pow (math-sub 1 x) (math-add b -1))) | |
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501 scale)) |
40785 | 502 |
503 (put 'calcFunc-erf\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
504 (function (lambda (x) (math-div 2 | |
505 (math-mul (list 'calcFunc-exp | |
506 (math-sqr x)) | |
507 (if calc-symbolic-mode | |
508 '(calcFunc-sqrt | |
509 (var pi var-pi)) | |
510 (math-sqrt-pi))))))) | |
511 | |
512 (put 'calcFunc-erfc\' 'math-derivative-1 | |
513 (function (lambda (x) (math-div -2 | |
514 (math-mul (list 'calcFunc-exp | |
515 (math-sqr x)) | |
516 (if calc-symbolic-mode | |
517 '(calcFunc-sqrt | |
518 (var pi var-pi)) | |
519 (math-sqrt-pi))))))) | |
520 | |
521 (put 'calcFunc-besJ\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
522 (function (lambda (v z) (math-div (math-sub (list 'calcFunc-besJ | |
523 (math-add v -1) | |
524 z) | |
525 (list 'calcFunc-besJ | |
526 (math-add v 1) | |
527 z)) | |
528 2)))) | |
529 | |
530 (put 'calcFunc-besY\'2 'math-derivative-2 | |
531 (function (lambda (v z) (math-div (math-sub (list 'calcFunc-besY | |
532 (math-add v -1) | |
533 z) | |
534 (list 'calcFunc-besY | |
535 (math-add v 1) | |
536 z)) | |
537 2)))) | |
538 | |
539 (put 'calcFunc-sum 'math-derivative-n | |
540 (function | |
541 (lambda (expr) | |
542 (if (math-expr-contains (cons 'vec (cdr (cdr expr))) deriv-var) | |
543 (throw 'math-deriv nil) | |
544 (cons 'calcFunc-sum | |
545 (cons (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) | |
546 (cdr (cdr expr)))))))) | |
547 | |
548 (put 'calcFunc-prod 'math-derivative-n | |
549 (function | |
550 (lambda (expr) | |
551 (if (math-expr-contains (cons 'vec (cdr (cdr expr))) deriv-var) | |
552 (throw 'math-deriv nil) | |
553 (math-mul expr | |
554 (cons 'calcFunc-sum | |
555 (cons (math-div (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) | |
556 (nth 1 expr)) | |
557 (cdr (cdr expr))))))))) | |
558 | |
559 (put 'calcFunc-integ 'math-derivative-n | |
560 (function | |
561 (lambda (expr) | |
562 (if (= (length expr) 3) | |
563 (if (equal (nth 2 expr) deriv-var) | |
564 (nth 1 expr) | |
565 (math-normalize | |
566 (list 'calcFunc-integ | |
567 (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) | |
568 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
569 (if (= (length expr) 5) | |
570 (let ((lower (math-expr-subst (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 expr) | |
571 (nth 3 expr))) | |
572 (upper (math-expr-subst (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 expr) | |
573 (nth 4 expr)))) | |
574 (math-add (math-sub (math-mul upper | |
575 (math-derivative (nth 4 expr))) | |
576 (math-mul lower | |
577 (math-derivative (nth 3 expr)))) | |
578 (if (equal (nth 2 expr) deriv-var) | |
579 0 | |
580 (math-normalize | |
581 (list 'calcFunc-integ | |
582 (math-derivative (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr) | |
583 (nth 3 expr) (nth 4 expr))))))))))) | |
584 | |
585 (put 'calcFunc-if 'math-derivative-n | |
586 (function | |
587 (lambda (expr) | |
588 (and (= (length expr) 4) | |
589 (list 'calcFunc-if (nth 1 expr) | |
590 (math-derivative (nth 2 expr)) | |
591 (math-derivative (nth 3 expr))))))) | |
592 | |
593 (put 'calcFunc-subscr 'math-derivative-n | |
594 (function | |
595 (lambda (expr) | |
596 (and (= (length expr) 3) | |
597 (list 'calcFunc-subscr (nth 1 expr) | |
598 (math-derivative (nth 2 expr))))))) | |
599 | |
600 | |
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601 (defvar math-integ-var '(var X ---)) |
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602 (defvar math-integ-var-2 '(var Y ---)) |
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603 (defvar math-integ-vars (list 'f math-integ-var math-integ-var-2)) |
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604 (defvar math-integ-var-list (list math-integ-var)) |
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605 (defvar math-integ-var-list-list (list math-integ-var-list)) |
40785 | 606 |
607 (defmacro math-tracing-integral (&rest parts) | |
608 (list 'and | |
609 'trace-buffer | |
610 (list 'save-excursion | |
611 '(set-buffer trace-buffer) | |
612 '(goto-char (point-max)) | |
613 (list 'and | |
614 '(bolp) | |
615 '(insert (make-string (- math-integral-limit | |
616 math-integ-level) 32) | |
617 (format "%2d " math-integ-depth) | |
618 (make-string math-integ-level 32))) | |
619 ;;(list 'condition-case 'err | |
620 (cons 'insert parts) | |
621 ;; '(error (insert (prin1-to-string err)))) | |
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622 '(sit-for 0)))) |
40785 | 623 |
624 ;;; The following wrapper caches results and avoids infinite recursion. | |
625 ;;; Each cache entry is: ( A B ) Integral of A is B; | |
626 ;;; ( A N ) Integral of A failed at level N; | |
627 ;;; ( A busy ) Currently working on integral of A; | |
628 ;;; ( A parts ) Currently working, integ-by-parts; | |
629 ;;; ( A parts2 ) Currently working, integ-by-parts; | |
630 ;;; ( A cancelled ) Ignore this cache entry; | |
631 ;;; ( A [B] ) Same result as for cur-record = B. | |
632 (defun math-integral (expr &optional simplify same-as-above) | |
633 (let* ((simp cur-record) | |
634 (cur-record (assoc expr math-integral-cache)) | |
635 (math-integ-depth (1+ math-integ-depth)) | |
636 (val 'cancelled)) | |
637 (math-tracing-integral "Integrating " | |
638 (math-format-value expr 1000) | |
639 "...\n") | |
640 (and cur-record | |
641 (progn | |
642 (math-tracing-integral "Found " | |
643 (math-format-value (nth 1 cur-record) 1000)) | |
644 (and (consp (nth 1 cur-record)) | |
645 (math-replace-integral-parts cur-record)) | |
646 (math-tracing-integral " => " | |
647 (math-format-value (nth 1 cur-record) 1000) | |
648 "\n"))) | |
649 (or (and cur-record | |
650 (not (eq (nth 1 cur-record) 'cancelled)) | |
651 (or (not (integerp (nth 1 cur-record))) | |
652 (>= (nth 1 cur-record) math-integ-level))) | |
653 (and (math-integral-contains-parts expr) | |
654 (progn | |
655 (setq val nil) | |
656 t)) | |
657 (unwind-protect | |
658 (progn | |
659 (let (math-integ-msg) | |
660 (if (eq calc-display-working-message 'lots) | |
661 (progn | |
662 (calc-set-command-flag 'clear-message) | |
663 (setq math-integ-msg (format | |
664 "Working... Integrating %s" | |
665 (math-format-flat-expr expr 0))) | |
666 (message math-integ-msg))) | |
667 (if cur-record | |
668 (setcar (cdr cur-record) | |
669 (if same-as-above (vector simp) 'busy)) | |
670 (setq cur-record | |
671 (list expr (if same-as-above (vector simp) 'busy)) | |
672 math-integral-cache (cons cur-record | |
673 math-integral-cache))) | |
674 (if (eq simplify 'yes) | |
675 (progn | |
676 (math-tracing-integral "Simplifying...") | |
677 (setq simp (math-simplify expr)) | |
678 (setq val (if (equal simp expr) | |
679 (progn | |
680 (math-tracing-integral " no change\n") | |
681 (math-do-integral expr)) | |
682 (math-tracing-integral " simplified\n") | |
683 (math-integral simp 'no t)))) | |
684 (or (setq val (math-do-integral expr)) | |
685 (eq simplify 'no) | |
686 (let ((simp (math-simplify expr))) | |
687 (or (equal simp expr) | |
688 (progn | |
689 (math-tracing-integral "Trying again after " | |
690 "simplification...\n") | |
691 (setq val (math-integral simp 'no t)))))))) | |
692 (if (eq calc-display-working-message 'lots) | |
693 (message math-integ-msg))) | |
694 (setcar (cdr cur-record) (or val | |
695 (if (or math-enable-subst | |
696 (not math-any-substs)) | |
697 math-integ-level | |
698 'cancelled))))) | |
699 (setq val cur-record) | |
700 (while (vectorp (nth 1 val)) | |
701 (setq val (aref (nth 1 val) 0))) | |
702 (setq val (if (memq (nth 1 val) '(parts parts2)) | |
703 (progn | |
704 (setcar (cdr val) 'parts2) | |
705 (list 'var 'PARTS val)) | |
706 (and (consp (nth 1 val)) | |
707 (nth 1 val)))) | |
708 (math-tracing-integral "Integral of " | |
709 (math-format-value expr 1000) | |
710 " is " | |
711 (math-format-value val 1000) | |
712 "\n") | |
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713 val)) |
40785 | 714 (defvar math-integral-cache nil) |
715 (defvar math-integral-cache-state nil) | |
716 | |
717 (defun math-integral-contains-parts (expr) | |
718 (if (Math-primp expr) | |
719 (and (eq (car-safe expr) 'var) | |
720 (eq (nth 1 expr) 'PARTS) | |
721 (listp (nth 2 expr))) | |
722 (while (and (setq expr (cdr expr)) | |
723 (not (math-integral-contains-parts (car expr))))) | |
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724 expr)) |
40785 | 725 |
726 (defun math-replace-integral-parts (expr) | |
727 (or (Math-primp expr) | |
728 (while (setq expr (cdr expr)) | |
729 (and (consp (car expr)) | |
730 (if (eq (car (car expr)) 'var) | |
731 (and (eq (nth 1 (car expr)) 'PARTS) | |
732 (consp (nth 2 (car expr))) | |
733 (if (listp (nth 1 (nth 2 (car expr)))) | |
734 (progn | |
735 (setcar expr (nth 1 (nth 2 (car expr)))) | |
736 (math-replace-integral-parts (cons 'foo expr))) | |
737 (setcar (cdr cur-record) 'cancelled))) | |
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738 (math-replace-integral-parts (car expr))))))) |
40785 | 739 |
740 (defun math-do-integral (expr) | |
741 (let (t1 t2) | |
742 (or (cond ((not (math-expr-contains expr math-integ-var)) | |
743 (math-mul expr math-integ-var)) | |
744 ((equal expr math-integ-var) | |
745 (math-div (math-sqr expr) 2)) | |
746 ((eq (car expr) '+) | |
747 (and (setq t1 (math-integral (nth 1 expr))) | |
748 (setq t2 (math-integral (nth 2 expr))) | |
749 (math-add t1 t2))) | |
750 ((eq (car expr) '-) | |
751 (and (setq t1 (math-integral (nth 1 expr))) | |
752 (setq t2 (math-integral (nth 2 expr))) | |
753 (math-sub t1 t2))) | |
754 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
755 (and (setq t1 (math-integral (nth 1 expr))) | |
756 (math-neg t1))) | |
757 ((eq (car expr) '*) | |
758 (cond ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) math-integ-var)) | |
759 (and (setq t1 (math-integral (nth 2 expr))) | |
760 (math-mul (nth 1 expr) t1))) | |
761 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 expr) math-integ-var)) | |
762 (and (setq t1 (math-integral (nth 1 expr))) | |
763 (math-mul t1 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
764 ((memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -)) | |
765 (math-integral (list (car (nth 1 expr)) | |
766 (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) | |
767 (nth 2 expr)) | |
768 (math-mul (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) | |
769 (nth 2 expr))) | |
770 'yes t)) | |
771 ((memq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '(+ -)) | |
772 (math-integral (list (car (nth 2 expr)) | |
773 (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)) | |
774 (nth 1 expr)) | |
775 (math-mul (nth 2 (nth 2 expr)) | |
776 (nth 1 expr))) | |
777 'yes t)))) | |
778 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
779 (cond ((and (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) | |
780 math-integ-var)) | |
781 (not (math-equal-int (nth 1 expr) 1))) | |
782 (and (setq t1 (math-integral (math-div 1 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
783 (math-mul (nth 1 expr) t1))) | |
784 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 expr) math-integ-var)) | |
785 (and (setq t1 (math-integral (nth 1 expr))) | |
786 (math-div t1 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
787 ((and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '*) | |
788 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) | |
789 math-integ-var))) | |
790 (and (setq t1 (math-integral | |
791 (math-div (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) | |
792 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
793 (math-mul t1 (nth 1 (nth 1 expr))))) | |
794 ((and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '*) | |
795 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) | |
796 math-integ-var))) | |
797 (and (setq t1 (math-integral | |
798 (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) | |
799 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
800 (math-mul t1 (nth 2 (nth 1 expr))))) | |
801 ((and (eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '*) | |
802 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)) | |
803 math-integ-var))) | |
804 (and (setq t1 (math-integral | |
805 (math-div (nth 1 expr) | |
806 (nth 2 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
807 (math-div t1 (nth 1 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
808 ((and (eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '*) | |
809 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 (nth 2 expr)) | |
810 math-integ-var))) | |
811 (and (setq t1 (math-integral | |
812 (math-div (nth 1 expr) | |
813 (nth 1 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
814 (math-div t1 (nth 2 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
815 ((eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) 'calcFunc-exp) | |
816 (math-integral | |
817 (math-mul (nth 1 expr) | |
818 (list 'calcFunc-exp | |
819 (math-neg (nth 1 (nth 2 expr))))))))) | |
820 ((eq (car expr) '^) | |
821 (cond ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) math-integ-var)) | |
822 (or (and (setq t1 (math-is-polynomial (nth 2 expr) | |
823 math-integ-var 1)) | |
824 (math-div expr | |
825 (math-mul (nth 1 t1) | |
826 (math-normalize | |
827 (list 'calcFunc-ln | |
828 (nth 1 expr)))))) | |
829 (math-integral | |
830 (list 'calcFunc-exp | |
831 (math-mul (nth 2 expr) | |
832 (math-normalize | |
833 (list 'calcFunc-ln | |
834 (nth 1 expr))))) | |
835 'yes t))) | |
836 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 expr) math-integ-var)) | |
837 (if (and (integerp (nth 2 expr)) (< (nth 2 expr) 0)) | |
838 (math-integral | |
839 (list '/ 1 (math-pow (nth 1 expr) (- (nth 2 expr)))) | |
840 nil t) | |
841 (or (and (setq t1 (math-is-polynomial (nth 1 expr) | |
842 math-integ-var | |
843 1)) | |
844 (setq t2 (math-add (nth 2 expr) 1)) | |
845 (math-div (math-pow (nth 1 expr) t2) | |
846 (math-mul t2 (nth 1 t1)))) | |
847 (and (Math-negp (nth 2 expr)) | |
848 (math-integral | |
849 (math-div 1 | |
850 (math-pow (nth 1 expr) | |
851 (math-neg | |
852 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
853 nil t)) | |
854 nil)))))) | |
855 | |
856 ;; Integral of a polynomial. | |
857 (and (setq t1 (math-is-polynomial expr math-integ-var 20)) | |
858 (let ((accum 0) | |
859 (n 1)) | |
860 (while t1 | |
861 (if (setq accum (math-add accum | |
862 (math-div (math-mul (car t1) | |
863 (math-pow | |
864 math-integ-var | |
865 n)) | |
866 n)) | |
867 t1 (cdr t1)) | |
868 (setq n (1+ n)))) | |
869 accum)) | |
870 | |
871 ;; Try looking it up! | |
872 (cond ((= (length expr) 2) | |
873 (and (symbolp (car expr)) | |
874 (setq t1 (get (car expr) 'math-integral)) | |
875 (progn | |
876 (while (and t1 | |
877 (not (setq t2 (funcall (car t1) | |
878 (nth 1 expr))))) | |
879 (setq t1 (cdr t1))) | |
880 (and t2 (math-normalize t2))))) | |
881 ((= (length expr) 3) | |
882 (and (symbolp (car expr)) | |
883 (setq t1 (get (car expr) 'math-integral-2)) | |
884 (progn | |
885 (while (and t1 | |
886 (not (setq t2 (funcall (car t1) | |
887 (nth 1 expr) | |
888 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
889 (setq t1 (cdr t1))) | |
890 (and t2 (math-normalize t2)))))) | |
891 | |
892 ;; Integral of a rational function. | |
893 (and (math-ratpoly-p expr math-integ-var) | |
894 (setq t1 (calcFunc-apart expr math-integ-var)) | |
895 (not (equal t1 expr)) | |
896 (math-integral t1)) | |
897 | |
898 ;; Try user-defined integration rules. | |
899 (and has-rules | |
900 (let ((math-old-integ (symbol-function 'calcFunc-integ)) | |
901 (input (list 'calcFunc-integtry expr math-integ-var)) | |
902 res part) | |
903 (unwind-protect | |
904 (progn | |
905 (fset 'calcFunc-integ 'math-sub-integration) | |
906 (setq res (math-rewrite input | |
907 '(var IntegRules var-IntegRules) | |
908 1)) | |
909 (fset 'calcFunc-integ math-old-integ) | |
910 (and (not (equal res input)) | |
911 (if (setq part (math-expr-calls | |
912 res '(calcFunc-integsubst))) | |
913 (and (memq (length part) '(3 4 5)) | |
914 (let ((parts (mapcar | |
915 (function | |
916 (lambda (x) | |
917 (math-expr-subst | |
918 x (nth 2 part) | |
919 math-integ-var))) | |
920 (cdr part)))) | |
921 (math-integrate-by-substitution | |
922 expr (car parts) t | |
923 (or (nth 2 parts) | |
924 (list 'calcFunc-integfailed | |
925 math-integ-var)) | |
926 (nth 3 parts)))) | |
927 (if (not (math-expr-calls res | |
928 '(calcFunc-integtry | |
929 calcFunc-integfailed))) | |
930 res)))) | |
931 (fset 'calcFunc-integ math-old-integ)))) | |
932 | |
933 ;; See if the function is a symbolic derivative. | |
934 (and (string-match "'" (symbol-name (car expr))) | |
935 (let ((name (symbol-name (car expr))) | |
936 (p expr) (n 0) (which nil) (bad nil)) | |
937 (while (setq n (1+ n) p (cdr p)) | |
938 (if (equal (car p) math-integ-var) | |
939 (if which (setq bad t) (setq which n)) | |
940 (if (math-expr-contains (car p) math-integ-var) | |
941 (setq bad t)))) | |
942 (and which (not bad) | |
943 (let ((prime (if (= which 1) "'" (format "'%d" which)))) | |
944 (and (string-match (concat prime "\\('['0-9]*\\|$\\)") | |
945 name) | |
946 (cons (intern | |
947 (concat | |
948 (substring name 0 (match-beginning 0)) | |
949 (substring name (+ (match-beginning 0) | |
950 (length prime))))) | |
951 (cdr expr))))))) | |
952 | |
953 ;; Try transformation methods (parts, substitutions). | |
954 (and (> math-integ-level 0) | |
955 (math-do-integral-methods expr)) | |
956 | |
957 ;; Try expanding the function's definition. | |
958 (let ((res (math-expand-formula expr))) | |
959 (and res | |
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960 (math-integral res)))))) |
40785 | 961 |
962 (defun math-sub-integration (expr &rest rest) | |
963 (or (if (or (not rest) | |
964 (and (< math-integ-level math-integral-limit) | |
965 (eq (car rest) math-integ-var))) | |
966 (math-integral expr) | |
967 (let ((res (apply math-old-integ expr rest))) | |
968 (and (or (= math-integ-level math-integral-limit) | |
969 (not (math-expr-calls res 'calcFunc-integ))) | |
970 res))) | |
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971 (list 'calcFunc-integfailed expr))) |
40785 | 972 |
973 (defun math-do-integral-methods (expr) | |
974 (let ((so-far math-integ-var-list-list) | |
975 rat-in) | |
976 | |
977 ;; Integration by substitution, for various likely sub-expressions. | |
978 ;; (In first pass, we look only for sub-exprs that are linear in X.) | |
979 (or (if math-enable-subst | |
980 (math-integ-try-substitutions expr) | |
981 (math-integ-try-linear-substitutions expr)) | |
982 | |
983 ;; If function has sines and cosines, try tan(x/2) substitution. | |
984 (and (let ((p (setq rat-in (math-expr-rational-in expr)))) | |
985 (while (and p | |
986 (memq (car (car p)) '(calcFunc-sin | |
987 calcFunc-cos | |
988 calcFunc-tan)) | |
989 (equal (nth 1 (car p)) math-integ-var)) | |
990 (setq p (cdr p))) | |
991 (null p)) | |
992 (or (and (math-integ-parts-easy expr) | |
993 (math-integ-try-parts expr t)) | |
994 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution | |
995 expr (list 'calcFunc-tan (math-div math-integ-var 2))))) | |
996 | |
997 ;; If function has sinh and cosh, try tanh(x/2) substitution. | |
998 (and (let ((p rat-in)) | |
999 (while (and p | |
1000 (memq (car (car p)) '(calcFunc-sinh | |
1001 calcFunc-cosh | |
1002 calcFunc-tanh | |
1003 calcFunc-exp)) | |
1004 (equal (nth 1 (car p)) math-integ-var)) | |
1005 (setq p (cdr p))) | |
1006 (null p)) | |
1007 (or (and (math-integ-parts-easy expr) | |
1008 (math-integ-try-parts expr t)) | |
1009 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution | |
1010 expr (list 'calcFunc-tanh (math-div math-integ-var 2))))) | |
1011 | |
1012 ;; If function has square roots, try sin, tan, or sec substitution. | |
1013 (and (let ((p rat-in)) | |
1014 (setq t1 nil) | |
1015 (while (and p | |
1016 (or (equal (car p) math-integ-var) | |
1017 (and (eq (car (car p)) 'calcFunc-sqrt) | |
1018 (setq t1 (math-is-polynomial | |
1019 (nth 1 (setq t2 (car p))) | |
1020 math-integ-var 2))))) | |
1021 (setq p (cdr p))) | |
1022 (and (null p) t1)) | |
1023 (if (cdr (cdr t1)) | |
1024 (if (math-guess-if-neg (nth 2 t1)) | |
1025 (let* ((c (math-sqrt (math-neg (nth 2 t1)))) | |
1026 (d (math-div (nth 1 t1) (math-mul -2 c))) | |
1027 (a (math-sqrt (math-add (car t1) (math-sqr d))))) | |
1028 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution | |
1029 expr (list 'calcFunc-arcsin | |
1030 (math-div-thru | |
1031 (math-add (math-mul c math-integ-var) d) | |
1032 a)))) | |
1033 (let* ((c (math-sqrt (nth 2 t1))) | |
1034 (d (math-div (nth 1 t1) (math-mul 2 c))) | |
1035 (aa (math-sub (car t1) (math-sqr d)))) | |
1036 (if (and nil (not (and (eq d 0) (eq c 1)))) | |
1037 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution | |
1038 expr (math-add (math-mul c math-integ-var) d)) | |
1039 (if (math-guess-if-neg aa) | |
1040 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution | |
1041 expr (list 'calcFunc-arccosh | |
1042 (math-div-thru | |
1043 (math-add (math-mul c math-integ-var) | |
1044 d) | |
1045 (math-sqrt (math-neg aa))))) | |
1046 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution | |
1047 expr (list 'calcFunc-arcsinh | |
1048 (math-div-thru | |
1049 (math-add (math-mul c math-integ-var) | |
1050 d) | |
1051 (math-sqrt aa)))))))) | |
1052 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution expr t2)) ) | |
1053 | |
1054 ;; Try integration by parts. | |
1055 (math-integ-try-parts expr) | |
1056 | |
1057 ;; Give up. | |
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1058 nil))) |
40785 | 1059 |
1060 (defun math-integ-parts-easy (expr) | |
1061 (cond ((Math-primp expr) t) | |
1062 ((memq (car expr) '(+ - *)) | |
1063 (and (math-integ-parts-easy (nth 1 expr)) | |
1064 (math-integ-parts-easy (nth 2 expr)))) | |
1065 ((eq (car expr) '/) | |
1066 (and (math-integ-parts-easy (nth 1 expr)) | |
1067 (math-atomic-factorp (nth 2 expr)))) | |
1068 ((eq (car expr) '^) | |
1069 (and (natnump (nth 2 expr)) | |
1070 (math-integ-parts-easy (nth 1 expr)))) | |
1071 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
1072 (math-integ-parts-easy (nth 1 expr))) | |
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1073 (t t))) |
40785 | 1074 |
1075 (defun math-integ-try-parts (expr &optional math-good-parts) | |
1076 ;; Integration by parts: | |
1077 ;; integ(f(x) g(x),x) = f(x) h(x) - integ(h(x) f'(x),x) | |
1078 ;; where h(x) = integ(g(x),x). | |
1079 (or (let ((exp (calcFunc-expand expr))) | |
1080 (and (not (equal exp expr)) | |
1081 (math-integral exp))) | |
1082 (and (eq (car expr) '*) | |
1083 (let ((first-bad (or (math-polynomial-p (nth 1 expr) | |
1084 math-integ-var) | |
1085 (equal (nth 2 expr) math-prev-parts-v)))) | |
1086 (or (and first-bad ; so try this one first | |
1087 (math-integrate-by-parts (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 expr))) | |
1088 (math-integrate-by-parts (nth 2 expr) (nth 1 expr)) | |
1089 (and (not first-bad) | |
1090 (math-integrate-by-parts (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 expr)))))) | |
1091 (and (eq (car expr) '/) | |
1092 (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) math-integ-var) | |
1093 (let ((recip (math-div 1 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
1094 (or (math-integrate-by-parts (nth 1 expr) recip) | |
1095 (math-integrate-by-parts recip (nth 1 expr))))) | |
1096 (and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
1097 (math-integrate-by-parts (math-pow (nth 1 expr) | |
1098 (math-sub (nth 2 expr) 1)) | |
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1099 (nth 1 expr))))) |
40785 | 1100 |
1101 (defun math-integrate-by-parts (u vprime) | |
1102 (let ((math-integ-level (if (or math-good-parts | |
1103 (math-polynomial-p u math-integ-var)) | |
1104 math-integ-level | |
1105 (1- math-integ-level))) | |
1106 (math-doing-parts t) | |
1107 v temp) | |
1108 (and (>= math-integ-level 0) | |
1109 (unwind-protect | |
1110 (progn | |
1111 (setcar (cdr cur-record) 'parts) | |
1112 (math-tracing-integral "Integrating by parts, u = " | |
1113 (math-format-value u 1000) | |
1114 ", v' = " | |
1115 (math-format-value vprime 1000) | |
1116 "\n") | |
1117 (and (setq v (math-integral vprime)) | |
1118 (setq temp (calcFunc-deriv u math-integ-var nil t)) | |
1119 (setq temp (let ((math-prev-parts-v v)) | |
1120 (math-integral (math-mul v temp) 'yes))) | |
1121 (setq temp (math-sub (math-mul u v) temp)) | |
1122 (if (eq (nth 1 cur-record) 'parts) | |
1123 (calcFunc-expand temp) | |
1124 (setq v (list 'var 'PARTS cur-record) | |
1125 var-thing (list 'vec (math-sub v temp) v) | |
1126 temp (let (calc-next-why) | |
1127 (math-solve-for (math-sub v temp) 0 v nil))) | |
1128 (and temp (not (integerp temp)) | |
1129 (math-simplify-extended temp))))) | |
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1130 (setcar (cdr cur-record) 'busy))))) |
40785 | 1131 |
1132 ;;; This tries two different formulations, hoping the algebraic simplifier | |
1133 ;;; will be strong enough to handle at least one. | |
1134 (defun math-integrate-by-substitution (expr u &optional user uinv uinvprime) | |
1135 (and (> math-integ-level 0) | |
1136 (let ((math-integ-level (max (- math-integ-level 2) 0))) | |
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1137 (math-integrate-by-good-substitution expr u user uinv uinvprime)))) |
40785 | 1138 |
1139 (defun math-integrate-by-good-substitution (expr u &optional user | |
1140 uinv uinvprime) | |
1141 (let ((math-living-dangerously t) | |
1142 deriv temp) | |
1143 (and (setq uinv (if uinv | |
1144 (math-expr-subst uinv math-integ-var | |
1145 math-integ-var-2) | |
1146 (let (calc-next-why) | |
1147 (math-solve-for u | |
1148 math-integ-var-2 | |
1149 math-integ-var nil)))) | |
1150 (progn | |
1151 (math-tracing-integral "Integrating by substitution, u = " | |
1152 (math-format-value u 1000) | |
1153 "\n") | |
1154 (or (and (setq deriv (calcFunc-deriv u | |
1155 math-integ-var nil | |
1156 (not user))) | |
1157 (setq temp (math-integral (math-expr-subst | |
1158 (math-expr-subst | |
1159 (math-expr-subst | |
1160 (math-div expr deriv) | |
1161 u | |
1162 math-integ-var-2) | |
1163 math-integ-var | |
1164 uinv) | |
1165 math-integ-var-2 | |
1166 math-integ-var) | |
1167 'yes))) | |
1168 (and (setq deriv (or uinvprime | |
1169 (calcFunc-deriv uinv | |
1170 math-integ-var-2 | |
1171 math-integ-var | |
1172 (not user)))) | |
1173 (setq temp (math-integral (math-mul | |
1174 (math-expr-subst | |
1175 (math-expr-subst | |
1176 (math-expr-subst | |
1177 expr | |
1178 u | |
1179 math-integ-var-2) | |
1180 math-integ-var | |
1181 uinv) | |
1182 math-integ-var-2 | |
1183 math-integ-var) | |
1184 deriv) | |
1185 'yes))))) | |
1186 (math-simplify-extended | |
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1187 (math-expr-subst temp math-integ-var u))))) |
40785 | 1188 |
1189 ;;; Look for substitutions of the form u = a x + b. | |
1190 (defun math-integ-try-linear-substitutions (sub-expr) | |
1191 (and (not (Math-primp sub-expr)) | |
1192 (or (and (not (memq (car sub-expr) '(+ - * / neg))) | |
1193 (not (and (eq (car sub-expr) '^) | |
1194 (integerp (nth 2 sub-expr)))) | |
1195 (math-expr-contains sub-expr math-integ-var) | |
1196 (let ((res nil)) | |
1197 (while (and (setq sub-expr (cdr sub-expr)) | |
1198 (or (not (math-linear-in (car sub-expr) | |
1199 math-integ-var)) | |
1200 (assoc (car sub-expr) so-far) | |
1201 (progn | |
1202 (setq so-far (cons (list (car sub-expr)) | |
1203 so-far)) | |
1204 (not (setq res | |
1205 (math-integrate-by-substitution | |
1206 expr (car sub-expr)))))))) | |
1207 res)) | |
1208 (let ((res nil)) | |
1209 (while (and (setq sub-expr (cdr sub-expr)) | |
1210 (not (setq res (math-integ-try-linear-substitutions | |
1211 (car sub-expr)))))) | |
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1212 res)))) |
40785 | 1213 |
1214 ;;; Recursively try different substitutions based on various sub-expressions. | |
1215 (defun math-integ-try-substitutions (sub-expr &optional allow-rat) | |
1216 (and (not (Math-primp sub-expr)) | |
1217 (not (assoc sub-expr so-far)) | |
1218 (math-expr-contains sub-expr math-integ-var) | |
1219 (or (and (if (and (not (memq (car sub-expr) '(+ - * / neg))) | |
1220 (not (and (eq (car sub-expr) '^) | |
1221 (integerp (nth 2 sub-expr))))) | |
1222 (setq allow-rat t) | |
1223 (prog1 allow-rat (setq allow-rat nil))) | |
1224 (not (eq sub-expr expr)) | |
1225 (or (math-integrate-by-substitution expr sub-expr) | |
1226 (and (eq (car sub-expr) '^) | |
1227 (integerp (nth 2 sub-expr)) | |
1228 (< (nth 2 sub-expr) 0) | |
1229 (math-integ-try-substitutions | |
1230 (math-pow (nth 1 sub-expr) (- (nth 2 sub-expr))) | |
1231 t)))) | |
1232 (let ((res nil)) | |
1233 (setq so-far (cons (list sub-expr) so-far)) | |
1234 (while (and (setq sub-expr (cdr sub-expr)) | |
1235 (not (setq res (math-integ-try-substitutions | |
1236 (car sub-expr) allow-rat))))) | |
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1237 res)))) |
40785 | 1238 |
1239 (defun math-expr-rational-in (expr) | |
1240 (let ((parts nil)) | |
1241 (math-expr-rational-in-rec expr) | |
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1242 (mapcar 'car parts))) |
40785 | 1243 |
1244 (defun math-expr-rational-in-rec (expr) | |
1245 (cond ((Math-primp expr) | |
1246 (and (equal expr math-integ-var) | |
1247 (not (assoc expr parts)) | |
1248 (setq parts (cons (list expr) parts)))) | |
1249 ((or (memq (car expr) '(+ - * / neg)) | |
1250 (and (eq (car expr) '^) (integerp (nth 2 expr)))) | |
1251 (math-expr-rational-in-rec (nth 1 expr)) | |
1252 (and (nth 2 expr) (math-expr-rational-in-rec (nth 2 expr)))) | |
1253 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
1254 (eq (math-quarter-integer (nth 2 expr)) 2)) | |
1255 (math-expr-rational-in-rec (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (nth 1 expr)))) | |
1256 (t | |
1257 (and (not (assoc expr parts)) | |
1258 (math-expr-contains expr math-integ-var) | |
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1259 (setq parts (cons (list expr) parts)))))) |
40785 | 1260 |
1261 (defun math-expr-calls (expr funcs &optional arg-contains) | |
1262 (if (consp expr) | |
1263 (if (or (memq (car expr) funcs) | |
1264 (and (eq (car expr) '^) (eq (car funcs) 'calcFunc-sqrt) | |
1265 (eq (math-quarter-integer (nth 2 expr)) 2))) | |
1266 (and (or (not arg-contains) | |
1267 (math-expr-contains expr arg-contains)) | |
1268 expr) | |
1269 (and (not (Math-primp expr)) | |
1270 (let ((res nil)) | |
1271 (while (and (setq expr (cdr expr)) | |
1272 (not (setq res (math-expr-calls | |
1273 (car expr) funcs arg-contains))))) | |
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1274 res))))) |
40785 | 1275 |
1276 (defun math-fix-const-terms (expr except-vars) | |
1277 (cond ((not (math-expr-depends expr except-vars)) 0) | |
1278 ((Math-primp expr) expr) | |
1279 ((eq (car expr) '+) | |
1280 (math-add (math-fix-const-terms (nth 1 expr) except-vars) | |
1281 (math-fix-const-terms (nth 2 expr) except-vars))) | |
1282 ((eq (car expr) '-) | |
1283 (math-sub (math-fix-const-terms (nth 1 expr) except-vars) | |
1284 (math-fix-const-terms (nth 2 expr) except-vars))) | |
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1285 (t expr))) |
40785 | 1286 |
1287 ;; Command for debugging the Calculator's symbolic integrator. | |
1288 (defun calc-dump-integral-cache (&optional arg) | |
1289 (interactive "P") | |
1290 (let ((buf (current-buffer))) | |
1291 (unwind-protect | |
1292 (let ((p math-integral-cache) | |
1293 cur-record) | |
1294 (display-buffer (get-buffer-create "*Integral Cache*")) | |
1295 (set-buffer (get-buffer "*Integral Cache*")) | |
1296 (erase-buffer) | |
1297 (while p | |
1298 (setq cur-record (car p)) | |
1299 (or arg (math-replace-integral-parts cur-record)) | |
1300 (insert (math-format-flat-expr (car cur-record) 0) | |
1301 " --> " | |
1302 (if (symbolp (nth 1 cur-record)) | |
1303 (concat "(" (symbol-name (nth 1 cur-record)) ")") | |
1304 (math-format-flat-expr (nth 1 cur-record) 0)) | |
1305 "\n") | |
1306 (setq p (cdr p))) | |
1307 (goto-char (point-min))) | |
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1308 (set-buffer buf)))) |
40785 | 1309 |
1310 (defun math-try-integral (expr) | |
1311 (let ((math-integ-level math-integral-limit) | |
1312 (math-integ-depth 0) | |
1313 (math-integ-msg "Working...done") | |
1314 (cur-record nil) ; a technicality | |
1315 (math-integrating t) | |
1316 (calc-prefer-frac t) | |
1317 (calc-symbolic-mode t) | |
1318 (has-rules (calc-has-rules 'var-IntegRules))) | |
1319 (or (math-integral expr 'yes) | |
1320 (and math-any-substs | |
1321 (setq math-enable-subst t) | |
1322 (math-integral expr 'yes)) | |
1323 (and (> math-max-integral-limit math-integral-limit) | |
1324 (setq math-integral-limit math-max-integral-limit | |
1325 math-integ-level math-integral-limit) | |
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1326 (math-integral expr 'yes))))) |
40785 | 1327 |
1328 (defun calcFunc-integ (expr var &optional low high) | |
1329 (cond | |
1330 ;; Do these even if the parts turn out not to be integrable. | |
1331 ((eq (car-safe expr) '+) | |
1332 (math-add (calcFunc-integ (nth 1 expr) var low high) | |
1333 (calcFunc-integ (nth 2 expr) var low high))) | |
1334 ((eq (car-safe expr) '-) | |
1335 (math-sub (calcFunc-integ (nth 1 expr) var low high) | |
1336 (calcFunc-integ (nth 2 expr) var low high))) | |
1337 ((eq (car-safe expr) 'neg) | |
1338 (math-neg (calcFunc-integ (nth 1 expr) var low high))) | |
1339 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
1340 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) var))) | |
1341 (math-mul (nth 1 expr) (calcFunc-integ (nth 2 expr) var low high))) | |
1342 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '*) | |
1343 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
1344 (math-mul (calcFunc-integ (nth 1 expr) var low high) (nth 2 expr))) | |
1345 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1346 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
1347 (not (math-equal-int (nth 1 expr) 1))) | |
1348 (math-mul (nth 1 expr) | |
1349 (calcFunc-integ (math-div 1 (nth 2 expr)) var low high))) | |
1350 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1351 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
1352 (math-div (calcFunc-integ (nth 1 expr) var low high) (nth 2 expr))) | |
1353 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1354 (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '*) | |
1355 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) var))) | |
1356 (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) | |
1357 (calcFunc-integ (math-div (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1358 var low high))) | |
1359 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1360 (eq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '*) | |
1361 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) var))) | |
1362 (math-mul (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) | |
1363 (calcFunc-integ (math-div (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1364 var low high))) | |
1365 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1366 (eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '*) | |
1367 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)) var))) | |
1368 (math-div (calcFunc-integ (math-div (nth 1 expr) (nth 2 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1369 var low high) | |
1370 (nth 1 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
1371 ((and (eq (car-safe expr) '/) | |
1372 (eq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '*) | |
1373 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 (nth 2 expr)) var))) | |
1374 (math-div (calcFunc-integ (math-div (nth 1 expr) (nth 1 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1375 var low high) | |
1376 (nth 2 (nth 2 expr)))) | |
1377 ((eq (car-safe expr) 'vec) | |
1378 (cons 'vec (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (calcFunc-integ x var low high))) | |
1379 (cdr expr)))) | |
1380 (t | |
1381 (let ((state (list calc-angle-mode | |
1382 ;;calc-symbolic-mode | |
1383 ;;calc-prefer-frac | |
1384 calc-internal-prec | |
1385 (calc-var-value 'var-IntegRules) | |
1386 (calc-var-value 'var-IntegSimpRules)))) | |
1387 (or (equal state math-integral-cache-state) | |
1388 (setq math-integral-cache-state state | |
1389 math-integral-cache nil))) | |
1390 (let* ((math-max-integral-limit (or (and (boundp 'var-IntegLimit) | |
1391 (natnump var-IntegLimit) | |
1392 var-IntegLimit) | |
1393 3)) | |
1394 (math-integral-limit 1) | |
1395 (sexpr (math-expr-subst expr var math-integ-var)) | |
1396 (trace-buffer (get-buffer "*Trace*")) | |
1397 (calc-language (if (eq calc-language 'big) nil calc-language)) | |
1398 (math-any-substs t) | |
1399 (math-enable-subst nil) | |
1400 (math-prev-parts-v nil) | |
1401 (math-doing-parts nil) | |
1402 (math-good-parts nil) | |
1403 (res | |
1404 (if trace-buffer | |
1405 (let ((calcbuf (current-buffer)) | |
1406 (calcwin (selected-window))) | |
1407 (unwind-protect | |
1408 (progn | |
1409 (if (get-buffer-window trace-buffer) | |
1410 (select-window (get-buffer-window trace-buffer))) | |
1411 (set-buffer trace-buffer) | |
1412 (goto-char (point-max)) | |
1413 (or (assq 'scroll-stop (buffer-local-variables)) | |
1414 (progn | |
1415 (make-local-variable 'scroll-step) | |
1416 (setq scroll-step 3))) | |
1417 (insert "\n\n\n") | |
1418 (set-buffer calcbuf) | |
1419 (math-try-integral sexpr)) | |
1420 (select-window calcwin) | |
1421 (set-buffer calcbuf))) | |
1422 (math-try-integral sexpr)))) | |
1423 (if res | |
1424 (progn | |
1425 (if (calc-has-rules 'var-IntegAfterRules) | |
1426 (setq res (math-rewrite res '(var IntegAfterRules | |
1427 var-IntegAfterRules)))) | |
1428 (math-simplify | |
1429 (if (and low high) | |
1430 (math-sub (math-expr-subst res math-integ-var high) | |
1431 (math-expr-subst res math-integ-var low)) | |
1432 (setq res (math-fix-const-terms res math-integ-vars)) | |
1433 (if low | |
1434 (math-expr-subst res math-integ-var low) | |
1435 (math-expr-subst res math-integ-var var))))) | |
1436 (append (list 'calcFunc-integ expr var) | |
1437 (and low (list low)) | |
41047
73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
40785
diff
changeset
|
1438 (and high (list high)))))))) |
40785 | 1439 |
1440 | |
1441 (math-defintegral calcFunc-inv | |
1442 (math-integral (math-div 1 u))) | |
1443 | |
1444 (math-defintegral calcFunc-conj | |
1445 (let ((int (math-integral u))) | |
1446 (and int | |
1447 (list 'calcFunc-conj int)))) | |
1448 | |
1449 (math-defintegral calcFunc-deg | |
1450 (let ((int (math-integral u))) | |
1451 (and int | |
1452 (list 'calcFunc-deg int)))) | |
1453 | |
1454 (math-defintegral calcFunc-rad | |
1455 (let ((int (math-integral u))) | |
1456 (and int | |
1457 (list 'calcFunc-rad int)))) | |
1458 | |
1459 (math-defintegral calcFunc-re | |
1460 (let ((int (math-integral u))) | |
1461 (and int | |
1462 (list 'calcFunc-re int)))) | |
1463 | |
1464 (math-defintegral calcFunc-im | |
1465 (let ((int (math-integral u))) | |
1466 (and int | |
1467 (list 'calcFunc-im int)))) | |
1468 | |
1469 (math-defintegral calcFunc-sqrt | |
1470 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1471 (math-mul '(frac 2 3) | |
1472 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-pow u 3))))) | |
1473 | |
1474 (math-defintegral calcFunc-exp | |
1475 (or (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1476 (list 'calcFunc-exp u)) | |
1477 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial u math-integ-var 2))) | |
1478 (and (nth 2 p) | |
1479 (let ((sqa (math-sqrt (math-neg (nth 2 p))))) | |
1480 (math-div | |
1481 (math-mul | |
1482 (math-mul (math-div (list 'calcFunc-sqrt '(var pi var-pi)) | |
1483 sqa) | |
1484 (math-normalize | |
1485 (list 'calcFunc-exp | |
1486 (math-div (math-sub (math-mul (car p) | |
1487 (nth 2 p)) | |
1488 (math-div | |
1489 (math-sqr (nth 1 p)) | |
1490 4)) | |
1491 (nth 2 p))))) | |
1492 (list 'calcFunc-erf | |
1493 (math-sub (math-mul sqa math-integ-var) | |
1494 (math-div (nth 1 p) (math-mul 2 sqa))))) | |
1495 2)))))) | |
1496 | |
1497 (math-defintegral calcFunc-ln | |
1498 (or (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1499 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-ln u)) u)) | |
1500 (and (eq (car u) '*) | |
1501 (math-integral (math-add (list 'calcFunc-ln (nth 1 u)) | |
1502 (list 'calcFunc-ln (nth 2 u))))) | |
1503 (and (eq (car u) '/) | |
1504 (math-integral (math-sub (list 'calcFunc-ln (nth 1 u)) | |
1505 (list 'calcFunc-ln (nth 2 u))))) | |
1506 (and (eq (car u) '^) | |
1507 (math-integral (math-mul (nth 2 u) | |
1508 (list 'calcFunc-ln (nth 1 u))))))) | |
1509 | |
1510 (math-defintegral calcFunc-log10 | |
1511 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1512 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-ln u)) | |
1513 (math-div u (list 'calcFunc-ln 10))))) | |
1514 | |
1515 (math-defintegral-2 calcFunc-log | |
1516 (math-integral (math-div (list 'calcFunc-ln u) | |
1517 (list 'calcFunc-ln v)))) | |
1518 | |
1519 (math-defintegral calcFunc-sin | |
1520 (or (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1521 (math-neg (math-from-radians-2 (list 'calcFunc-cos u)))) | |
1522 (and (nth 2 (math-is-polynomial u math-integ-var 2)) | |
1523 (math-integral (math-to-exponentials (list 'calcFunc-sin u)))))) | |
1524 | |
1525 (math-defintegral calcFunc-cos | |
1526 (or (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1527 (math-from-radians-2 (list 'calcFunc-sin u))) | |
1528 (and (nth 2 (math-is-polynomial u math-integ-var 2)) | |
1529 (math-integral (math-to-exponentials (list 'calcFunc-cos u)))))) | |
1530 | |
1531 (math-defintegral calcFunc-tan | |
1532 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1533 (math-neg (math-from-radians-2 | |
1534 (list 'calcFunc-ln (list 'calcFunc-cos u)))))) | |
1535 | |
1536 (math-defintegral calcFunc-arcsin | |
1537 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1538 (math-add (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-arcsin u)) | |
1539 (math-from-radians-2 | |
1540 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub 1 (math-sqr u))))))) | |
1541 | |
1542 (math-defintegral calcFunc-arccos | |
1543 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1544 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-arccos u)) | |
1545 (math-from-radians-2 | |
1546 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub 1 (math-sqr u))))))) | |
1547 | |
1548 (math-defintegral calcFunc-arctan | |
1549 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1550 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-arctan u)) | |
1551 (math-from-radians-2 | |
1552 (math-div (list 'calcFunc-ln (math-add 1 (math-sqr u))) | |
1553 2))))) | |
1554 | |
1555 (math-defintegral calcFunc-sinh | |
1556 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1557 (list 'calcFunc-cosh u))) | |
1558 | |
1559 (math-defintegral calcFunc-cosh | |
1560 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1561 (list 'calcFunc-sinh u))) | |
1562 | |
1563 (math-defintegral calcFunc-tanh | |
1564 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1565 (list 'calcFunc-ln (list 'calcFunc-cosh u)))) | |
1566 | |
1567 (math-defintegral calcFunc-arcsinh | |
1568 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1569 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-arcsinh u)) | |
1570 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-add (math-sqr u) 1))))) | |
1571 | |
1572 (math-defintegral calcFunc-arccosh | |
1573 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1574 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-arccosh u)) | |
1575 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-sub 1 (math-sqr u)))))) | |
1576 | |
1577 (math-defintegral calcFunc-arctanh | |
1578 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1579 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-arctan u)) | |
1580 (math-div (list 'calcFunc-ln | |
1581 (math-add 1 (math-sqr u))) | |
1582 2)))) | |
1583 | |
1584 ;;; (Ax + B) / (ax^2 + bx + c)^n forms. | |
1585 (math-defintegral-2 / | |
1586 (math-integral-rational-funcs u v)) | |
1587 | |
1588 (defun math-integral-rational-funcs (u v) | |
1589 (let ((pu (math-is-polynomial u math-integ-var 1)) | |
1590 (vpow 1) pv) | |
1591 (and pu | |
1592 (catch 'int-rat | |
1593 (if (and (eq (car-safe v) '^) (natnump (nth 2 v))) | |
1594 (setq vpow (nth 2 v) | |
1595 v (nth 1 v))) | |
1596 (and (setq pv (math-is-polynomial v math-integ-var 2)) | |
1597 (let ((int (math-mul-thru | |
1598 (car pu) | |
1599 (math-integral-q02 (car pv) (nth 1 pv) | |
1600 (nth 2 pv) v vpow)))) | |
1601 (if (cdr pu) | |
1602 (setq int (math-add int | |
1603 (math-mul-thru | |
1604 (nth 1 pu) | |
1605 (math-integral-q12 | |
1606 (car pv) (nth 1 pv) | |
1607 (nth 2 pv) v vpow))))) | |
1608 int)))))) | |
1609 | |
1610 (defun math-integral-q12 (a b c v vpow) | |
1611 (let (q) | |
1612 (cond ((not c) | |
1613 (cond ((= vpow 1) | |
1614 (math-sub (math-div math-integ-var b) | |
1615 (math-mul (math-div a (math-sqr b)) | |
1616 (list 'calcFunc-ln v)))) | |
1617 ((= vpow 2) | |
1618 (math-div (math-add (list 'calcFunc-ln v) | |
1619 (math-div a v)) | |
1620 (math-sqr b))) | |
1621 (t | |
1622 (let ((nm1 (math-sub vpow 1)) | |
1623 (nm2 (math-sub vpow 2))) | |
1624 (math-div (math-sub | |
1625 (math-div a (math-mul nm1 (math-pow v nm1))) | |
1626 (math-div 1 (math-mul nm2 (math-pow v nm2)))) | |
1627 (math-sqr b)))))) | |
1628 ((math-zerop | |
1629 (setq q (math-sub (math-mul 4 (math-mul a c)) (math-sqr b)))) | |
1630 (let ((part (math-div b (math-mul 2 c)))) | |
1631 (math-mul-thru (math-pow c vpow) | |
1632 (math-integral-q12 part 1 nil | |
1633 (math-add math-integ-var part) | |
1634 (* vpow 2))))) | |
1635 ((= vpow 1) | |
1636 (and (math-ratp q) (math-negp q) | |
1637 (let ((calc-symbolic-mode t)) | |
1638 (math-ratp (math-sqrt (math-neg q)))) | |
1639 (throw 'int-rat nil)) ; should have used calcFunc-apart first | |
1640 (math-sub (math-div (list 'calcFunc-ln v) (math-mul 2 c)) | |
1641 (math-mul-thru (math-div b (math-mul 2 c)) | |
1642 (math-integral-q02 a b c v 1)))) | |
1643 (t | |
1644 (let ((n (1- vpow))) | |
1645 (math-sub (math-neg (math-div | |
1646 (math-add (math-mul b math-integ-var) | |
1647 (math-mul 2 a)) | |
1648 (math-mul n (math-mul q (math-pow v n))))) | |
1649 (math-mul-thru (math-div (math-mul b (1- (* 2 n))) | |
1650 (math-mul n q)) | |
41047
73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
40785
diff
changeset
|
1651 (math-integral-q02 a b c v n)))))))) |
40785 | 1652 |
1653 (defun math-integral-q02 (a b c v vpow) | |
1654 (let (q rq part) | |
1655 (cond ((not c) | |
1656 (cond ((= vpow 1) | |
1657 (math-div (list 'calcFunc-ln v) b)) | |
1658 (t | |
1659 (math-div (math-pow v (- 1 vpow)) | |
1660 (math-mul (- 1 vpow) b))))) | |
1661 ((math-zerop | |
1662 (setq q (math-sub (math-mul 4 (math-mul a c)) (math-sqr b)))) | |
1663 (let ((part (math-div b (math-mul 2 c)))) | |
1664 (math-mul-thru (math-pow c vpow) | |
1665 (math-integral-q02 part 1 nil | |
1666 (math-add math-integ-var part) | |
1667 (* vpow 2))))) | |
1668 ((progn | |
1669 (setq part (math-add (math-mul 2 (math-mul c math-integ-var)) b)) | |
1670 (> vpow 1)) | |
1671 (let ((n (1- vpow))) | |
1672 (math-add (math-div part (math-mul n (math-mul q (math-pow v n)))) | |
1673 (math-mul-thru (math-div (math-mul (- (* 4 n) 2) c) | |
1674 (math-mul n q)) | |
1675 (math-integral-q02 a b c v n))))) | |
1676 ((math-guess-if-neg q) | |
1677 (setq rq (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-neg q))) | |
1678 ;;(math-div-thru (list 'calcFunc-ln | |
1679 ;; (math-div (math-sub part rq) | |
1680 ;; (math-add part rq))) | |
1681 ;; rq) | |
1682 (math-div (math-mul -2 (list 'calcFunc-arctanh | |
1683 (math-div part rq))) | |
1684 rq)) | |
1685 (t | |
1686 (setq rq (list 'calcFunc-sqrt q)) | |
1687 (math-div (math-mul 2 (math-to-radians-2 | |
1688 (list 'calcFunc-arctan | |
1689 (math-div part rq)))) | |
41047
73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
40785
diff
changeset
|
1690 rq))))) |
40785 | 1691 |
1692 | |
1693 (math-defintegral calcFunc-erf | |
1694 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1695 (math-add (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-erf u)) | |
1696 (math-div 1 (math-mul (list 'calcFunc-exp (math-sqr u)) | |
1697 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
1698 '(var pi var-pi))))))) | |
1699 | |
1700 (math-defintegral calcFunc-erfc | |
1701 (and (equal u math-integ-var) | |
1702 (math-sub (math-mul u (list 'calcFunc-erfc u)) | |
1703 (math-div 1 (math-mul (list 'calcFunc-exp (math-sqr u)) | |
1704 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
1705 '(var pi var-pi))))))) | |
1706 | |
1707 | |
1708 | |
1709 | |
41271
fcd507927105
Change all toplevel `setq' forms to `defvar' forms, and move them
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
41047
diff
changeset
|
1710 (defvar math-tabulate-initial nil) |
fcd507927105
Change all toplevel `setq' forms to `defvar' forms, and move them
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
41047
diff
changeset
|
1711 (defvar math-tabulate-function nil) |
40785 | 1712 (defun calcFunc-table (expr var &optional low high step) |
1713 (or low (setq low '(neg (var inf var-inf)) high '(var inf var-inf))) | |
1714 (or high (setq high low low 1)) | |
1715 (and (or (math-infinitep low) (math-infinitep high)) | |
1716 (not step) | |
1717 (math-scan-for-limits expr)) | |
1718 (and step (math-zerop step) (math-reject-arg step 'nonzerop)) | |
1719 (let ((known (+ (if (Math-objectp low) 1 0) | |
1720 (if (Math-objectp high) 1 0) | |
1721 (if (or (null step) (Math-objectp step)) 1 0))) | |
1722 (count '(var inf var-inf)) | |
1723 vec) | |
1724 (or (= known 2) ; handy optimization | |
1725 (equal high '(var inf var-inf)) | |
1726 (progn | |
1727 (setq count (math-div (math-sub high low) (or step 1))) | |
1728 (or (Math-objectp count) | |
1729 (setq count (math-simplify count))) | |
1730 (if (Math-messy-integerp count) | |
1731 (setq count (math-trunc count))))) | |
1732 (if (Math-negp count) | |
1733 (setq count -1)) | |
1734 (if (integerp count) | |
1735 (let ((var-DUMMY nil) | |
1736 (vec math-tabulate-initial) | |
1737 (math-working-step-2 (1+ count)) | |
1738 (math-working-step 0)) | |
1739 (setq expr (math-evaluate-expr | |
1740 (math-expr-subst expr var '(var DUMMY var-DUMMY)))) | |
1741 (while (>= count 0) | |
1742 (setq math-working-step (1+ math-working-step) | |
1743 var-DUMMY low | |
1744 vec (cond ((eq math-tabulate-function 'calcFunc-sum) | |
1745 (math-add vec (math-evaluate-expr expr))) | |
1746 ((eq math-tabulate-function 'calcFunc-prod) | |
1747 (math-mul vec (math-evaluate-expr expr))) | |
1748 (t | |
1749 (cons (math-evaluate-expr expr) vec))) | |
1750 low (math-add low (or step 1)) | |
1751 count (1- count))) | |
1752 (if math-tabulate-function | |
1753 vec | |
1754 (cons 'vec (nreverse vec)))) | |
1755 (if (Math-integerp count) | |
1756 (calc-record-why 'fixnump high) | |
1757 (if (Math-num-integerp low) | |
1758 (if (Math-num-integerp high) | |
1759 (calc-record-why 'integerp step) | |
1760 (calc-record-why 'integerp high)) | |
1761 (calc-record-why 'integerp low))) | |
1762 (append (list (or math-tabulate-function 'calcFunc-table) | |
1763 expr var) | |
1764 (and (not (and (equal low '(neg (var inf var-inf))) | |
1765 (equal high '(var inf var-inf)))) | |
1766 (list low high)) | |
41047
73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
40785
diff
changeset
|
1767 (and step (list step)))))) |
40785 | 1768 |
1769 (defun math-scan-for-limits (x) | |
1770 (cond ((Math-primp x)) | |
1771 ((and (eq (car x) 'calcFunc-subscr) | |
1772 (Math-vectorp (nth 1 x)) | |
1773 (math-expr-contains (nth 2 x) var)) | |
1774 (let* ((calc-next-why nil) | |
1775 (low-val (math-solve-for (nth 2 x) 1 var nil)) | |
1776 (high-val (math-solve-for (nth 2 x) (1- (length (nth 1 x))) | |
1777 var nil)) | |
1778 temp) | |
1779 (and low-val (math-realp low-val) | |
1780 high-val (math-realp high-val)) | |
1781 (and (Math-lessp high-val low-val) | |
1782 (setq temp low-val low-val high-val high-val temp)) | |
1783 (setq low (math-max low (math-ceiling low-val)) | |
1784 high (math-min high (math-floor high-val))))) | |
1785 (t | |
1786 (while (setq x (cdr x)) | |
41047
73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
40785
diff
changeset
|
1787 (math-scan-for-limits (car x)))))) |
40785 | 1788 |
1789 | |
41271
fcd507927105
Change all toplevel `setq' forms to `defvar' forms, and move them
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
41047
diff
changeset
|
1790 (defvar math-disable-sums nil) |
40785 | 1791 (defun calcFunc-sum (expr var &optional low high step) |
1792 (if math-disable-sums (math-reject-arg)) | |
1793 (let* ((res (let* ((calc-internal-prec (+ calc-internal-prec 2))) | |
1794 (math-sum-rec expr var low high step))) | |
1795 (math-disable-sums t)) | |
41047
73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
40785
diff
changeset
|
1796 (math-normalize res))) |
40785 | 1797 |
1798 (defun math-sum-rec (expr var &optional low high step) | |
1799 (or low (setq low '(neg (var inf var-inf)) high '(var inf var-inf))) | |
1800 (and low (not high) (setq high low low 1)) | |
1801 (let (t1 t2 val) | |
1802 (setq val | |
1803 (cond | |
1804 ((not (math-expr-contains expr var)) | |
1805 (math-mul expr (math-add (math-div (math-sub high low) (or step 1)) | |
1806 1))) | |
1807 ((and step (not (math-equal-int step 1))) | |
1808 (if (math-negp step) | |
1809 (math-sum-rec expr var high low (math-neg step)) | |
1810 (let ((lo (math-simplify (math-div low step)))) | |
1811 (if (math-known-num-integerp lo) | |
1812 (math-sum-rec (math-normalize | |
1813 (math-expr-subst expr var | |
1814 (math-mul step var))) | |
1815 var lo (math-simplify (math-div high step))) | |
1816 (math-sum-rec (math-normalize | |
1817 (math-expr-subst expr var | |
1818 (math-add (math-mul step var) | |
1819 low))) | |
1820 var 0 | |
1821 (math-simplify (math-div (math-sub high low) | |
1822 step))))))) | |
1823 ((memq (setq t1 (math-compare low high)) '(0 1)) | |
1824 (if (eq t1 0) | |
1825 (math-expr-subst expr var low) | |
1826 0)) | |
1827 ((setq t1 (math-is-polynomial expr var 20)) | |
1828 (let ((poly nil) | |
1829 (n 0)) | |
1830 (while t1 | |
1831 (setq poly (math-poly-mix poly 1 | |
1832 (math-sum-integer-power n) (car t1)) | |
1833 n (1+ n) | |
1834 t1 (cdr t1))) | |
1835 (setq n (math-build-polynomial-expr poly high)) | |
1836 (if (memq low '(0 1)) | |
1837 n | |
1838 (math-sub n (math-build-polynomial-expr poly | |
1839 (math-sub low 1)))))) | |
1840 ((and (memq (car expr) '(+ -)) | |
1841 (setq t1 (math-sum-rec (nth 1 expr) var low high) | |
1842 t2 (math-sum-rec (nth 2 expr) var low high)) | |
1843 (not (and (math-expr-calls t1 '(calcFunc-sum)) | |
1844 (math-expr-calls t2 '(calcFunc-sum))))) | |
1845 (list (car expr) t1 t2)) | |
1846 ((and (eq (car expr) '*) | |
1847 (setq t1 (math-sum-const-factors expr var))) | |
1848 (math-mul (car t1) (math-sum-rec (cdr t1) var low high))) | |
1849 ((and (eq (car expr) '*) (memq (car-safe (nth 1 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1850 (math-sum-rec (math-add-or-sub (math-mul (nth 1 (nth 1 expr)) | |
1851 (nth 2 expr)) | |
1852 (math-mul (nth 2 (nth 1 expr)) | |
1853 (nth 2 expr)) | |
1854 nil (eq (car (nth 1 expr)) '-)) | |
1855 var low high)) | |
1856 ((and (eq (car expr) '*) (memq (car-safe (nth 2 expr)) '(+ -))) | |
1857 (math-sum-rec (math-add-or-sub (math-mul (nth 1 expr) | |
1858 (nth 1 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1859 (math-mul (nth 1 expr) | |
1860 (nth 2 (nth 2 expr))) | |
1861 nil (eq (car (nth 2 expr)) '-)) | |
1862 var low high)) | |
1863 ((and (eq (car expr) '/) | |
1864 (not (math-primp (nth 1 expr))) | |
1865 (setq t1 (math-sum-const-factors (nth 1 expr) var))) | |
1866 (math-mul (car t1) | |
1867 (math-sum-rec (math-div (cdr t1) (nth 2 expr)) | |
1868 var low high))) | |
1869 ((and (eq (car expr) '/) | |
1870 (setq t1 (math-sum-const-factors (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
1871 (math-div (math-sum-rec (math-div (nth 1 expr) (cdr t1)) | |
1872 var low high) | |
1873 (car t1))) | |
1874 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
1875 (math-neg (math-sum-rec (nth 1 expr) var low high))) | |
1876 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
1877 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) var)) | |
1878 (setq t1 (math-is-polynomial (nth 2 expr) var 1))) | |
1879 (let ((x (math-pow (nth 1 expr) (nth 1 t1)))) | |
1880 (math-div (math-mul (math-sub (math-pow x (math-add 1 high)) | |
1881 (math-pow x low)) | |
1882 (math-pow (nth 1 expr) (car t1))) | |
1883 (math-sub x 1)))) | |
1884 ((and (setq t1 (math-to-exponentials expr)) | |
1885 (setq t1 (math-sum-rec t1 var low high)) | |
1886 (not (math-expr-calls t1 '(calcFunc-sum)))) | |
1887 (math-to-exps t1)) | |
1888 ((memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-ln calcFunc-log10)) | |
1889 (list (car expr) (calcFunc-prod (nth 1 expr) var low high))) | |
1890 ((and (eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-log) | |
1891 (= (length expr) 3) | |
1892 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
1893 (list 'calcFunc-log | |
1894 (calcFunc-prod (nth 1 expr) var low high) | |
1895 (nth 2 expr))))) | |
1896 (if (equal val '(var nan var-nan)) (setq val nil)) | |
1897 (or val | |
1898 (let* ((math-tabulate-initial 0) | |
1899 (math-tabulate-function 'calcFunc-sum)) | |
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1900 (calcFunc-table expr var low high))))) |
40785 | 1901 |
1902 (defun calcFunc-asum (expr var low &optional high step no-mul-flag) | |
1903 (or high (setq high low low 1)) | |
1904 (if (and step (not (math-equal-int step 1))) | |
1905 (if (math-negp step) | |
1906 (math-mul (math-pow -1 low) | |
1907 (calcFunc-asum expr var high low (math-neg step) t)) | |
1908 (let ((lo (math-simplify (math-div low step)))) | |
1909 (if (math-num-integerp lo) | |
1910 (calcFunc-asum (math-normalize | |
1911 (math-expr-subst expr var | |
1912 (math-mul step var))) | |
1913 var lo (math-simplify (math-div high step))) | |
1914 (calcFunc-asum (math-normalize | |
1915 (math-expr-subst expr var | |
1916 (math-add (math-mul step var) | |
1917 low))) | |
1918 var 0 | |
1919 (math-simplify (math-div (math-sub high low) | |
1920 step)))))) | |
1921 (math-mul (if no-mul-flag 1 (math-pow -1 low)) | |
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1922 (calcFunc-sum (math-mul (math-pow -1 var) expr) var low high)))) |
40785 | 1923 |
1924 (defun math-sum-const-factors (expr var) | |
1925 (let ((const nil) | |
1926 (not-const nil) | |
1927 (p expr)) | |
1928 (while (eq (car-safe p) '*) | |
1929 (if (math-expr-contains (nth 1 p) var) | |
1930 (setq not-const (cons (nth 1 p) not-const)) | |
1931 (setq const (cons (nth 1 p) const))) | |
1932 (setq p (nth 2 p))) | |
1933 (if (math-expr-contains p var) | |
1934 (setq not-const (cons p not-const)) | |
1935 (setq const (cons p const))) | |
1936 (and const | |
1937 (cons (let ((temp (car const))) | |
1938 (while (setq const (cdr const)) | |
1939 (setq temp (list '* (car const) temp))) | |
1940 temp) | |
1941 (let ((temp (or (car not-const) 1))) | |
1942 (while (setq not-const (cdr not-const)) | |
1943 (setq temp (list '* (car not-const) temp))) | |
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1944 temp))))) |
40785 | 1945 |
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1946 (defvar math-sum-int-pow-cache (list '(0 1))) |
40785 | 1947 ;; Following is from CRC Math Tables, 27th ed, pp. 52-53. |
1948 (defun math-sum-integer-power (pow) | |
1949 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
1950 (n (length math-sum-int-pow-cache))) | |
1951 (while (<= n pow) | |
1952 (let* ((new (list 0 0)) | |
1953 (lin new) | |
1954 (pp (cdr (nth (1- n) math-sum-int-pow-cache))) | |
1955 (p 2) | |
1956 (sum 0) | |
1957 q) | |
1958 (while pp | |
1959 (setq q (math-div (car pp) p) | |
1960 new (cons (math-mul q n) new) | |
1961 sum (math-add sum q) | |
1962 p (1+ p) | |
1963 pp (cdr pp))) | |
1964 (setcar lin (math-sub 1 (math-mul n sum))) | |
1965 (setq math-sum-int-pow-cache | |
1966 (nconc math-sum-int-pow-cache (list (nreverse new))) | |
1967 n (1+ n)))) | |
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1968 (nth pow math-sum-int-pow-cache))) |
40785 | 1969 |
1970 (defun math-to-exponentials (expr) | |
1971 (and (consp expr) | |
1972 (= (length expr) 2) | |
1973 (let ((x (nth 1 expr)) | |
1974 (pi (if calc-symbolic-mode '(var pi var-pi) (math-pi))) | |
1975 (i (if calc-symbolic-mode '(var i var-i) '(cplx 0 1)))) | |
1976 (cond ((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-exp) | |
1977 (list '^ '(var e var-e) x)) | |
1978 ((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-sin) | |
1979 (or (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad) | |
1980 (setq x (list '/ (list '* x pi) 180))) | |
1981 (list '/ (list '- | |
1982 (list '^ '(var e var-e) (list '* x i)) | |
1983 (list '^ '(var e var-e) | |
1984 (list 'neg (list '* x i)))) | |
1985 (list '* 2 i))) | |
1986 ((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-cos) | |
1987 (or (eq calc-angle-mode 'rad) | |
1988 (setq x (list '/ (list '* x pi) 180))) | |
1989 (list '/ (list '+ | |
1990 (list '^ '(var e var-e) | |
1991 (list '* x i)) | |
1992 (list '^ '(var e var-e) | |
1993 (list 'neg (list '* x i)))) | |
1994 2)) | |
1995 ((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-sinh) | |
1996 (list '/ (list '- | |
1997 (list '^ '(var e var-e) x) | |
1998 (list '^ '(var e var-e) (list 'neg x))) | |
1999 2)) | |
2000 ((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-cosh) | |
2001 (list '/ (list '+ | |
2002 (list '^ '(var e var-e) x) | |
2003 (list '^ '(var e var-e) (list 'neg x))) | |
2004 2)) | |
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2005 (t nil))))) |
40785 | 2006 |
2007 (defun math-to-exps (expr) | |
2008 (cond (calc-symbolic-mode expr) | |
2009 ((Math-primp expr) | |
2010 (if (equal expr '(var e var-e)) (math-e) expr)) | |
2011 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
2012 (equal (nth 1 expr) '(var e var-e))) | |
2013 (list 'calcFunc-exp (nth 2 expr))) | |
2014 (t | |
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2015 (cons (car expr) (mapcar 'math-to-exps (cdr expr)))))) |
40785 | 2016 |
2017 | |
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2018 (defvar math-disable-prods nil) |
40785 | 2019 (defun calcFunc-prod (expr var &optional low high step) |
2020 (if math-disable-prods (math-reject-arg)) | |
2021 (let* ((res (let* ((calc-internal-prec (+ calc-internal-prec 2))) | |
2022 (math-prod-rec expr var low high step))) | |
2023 (math-disable-prods t)) | |
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2024 (math-normalize res))) |
40785 | 2025 |
2026 (defun math-prod-rec (expr var &optional low high step) | |
2027 (or low (setq low '(neg (var inf var-inf)) high '(var inf var-inf))) | |
2028 (and low (not high) (setq high '(var inf var-inf))) | |
2029 (let (t1 t2 t3 val) | |
2030 (setq val | |
2031 (cond | |
2032 ((not (math-expr-contains expr var)) | |
2033 (math-pow expr (math-add (math-div (math-sub high low) (or step 1)) | |
2034 1))) | |
2035 ((and step (not (math-equal-int step 1))) | |
2036 (if (math-negp step) | |
2037 (math-prod-rec expr var high low (math-neg step)) | |
2038 (let ((lo (math-simplify (math-div low step)))) | |
2039 (if (math-known-num-integerp lo) | |
2040 (math-prod-rec (math-normalize | |
2041 (math-expr-subst expr var | |
2042 (math-mul step var))) | |
2043 var lo (math-simplify (math-div high step))) | |
2044 (math-prod-rec (math-normalize | |
2045 (math-expr-subst expr var | |
2046 (math-add (math-mul step | |
2047 var) | |
2048 low))) | |
2049 var 0 | |
2050 (math-simplify (math-div (math-sub high low) | |
2051 step))))))) | |
2052 ((and (memq (car expr) '(* /)) | |
2053 (setq t1 (math-prod-rec (nth 1 expr) var low high) | |
2054 t2 (math-prod-rec (nth 2 expr) var low high)) | |
2055 (not (and (math-expr-calls t1 '(calcFunc-prod)) | |
2056 (math-expr-calls t2 '(calcFunc-prod))))) | |
2057 (list (car expr) t1 t2)) | |
2058 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
2059 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 expr) var))) | |
2060 (math-pow (math-prod-rec (nth 1 expr) var low high) | |
2061 (nth 2 expr))) | |
2062 ((and (eq (car expr) '^) | |
2063 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 expr) var))) | |
2064 (math-pow (nth 1 expr) | |
2065 (calcFunc-sum (nth 2 expr) var low high))) | |
2066 ((eq (car expr) 'sqrt) | |
2067 (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
2068 (list 'calcFunc-prod (nth 1 expr) | |
2069 var low high)))) | |
2070 ((eq (car expr) 'neg) | |
2071 (math-mul (math-pow -1 (math-add (math-sub high low) 1)) | |
2072 (math-prod-rec (nth 1 expr) var low high))) | |
2073 ((eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-exp) | |
2074 (list 'calcFunc-exp (calcFunc-sum (nth 1 expr) var low high))) | |
2075 ((and (setq t1 (math-is-polynomial expr var 1)) | |
2076 (setq t2 | |
2077 (cond | |
2078 ((or (and (math-equal-int (nth 1 t1) 1) | |
2079 (setq low (math-simplify | |
2080 (math-add low (car t1))) | |
2081 high (math-simplify | |
2082 (math-add high (car t1))))) | |
2083 (and (math-equal-int (nth 1 t1) -1) | |
2084 (setq t2 low | |
2085 low (math-simplify | |
2086 (math-sub (car t1) high)) | |
2087 high (math-simplify | |
2088 (math-sub (car t1) t2))))) | |
2089 (if (or (math-zerop low) (math-zerop high)) | |
2090 0 | |
2091 (if (and (or (math-negp low) (math-negp high)) | |
2092 (or (math-num-integerp low) | |
2093 (math-num-integerp high))) | |
2094 (if (math-posp high) | |
2095 0 | |
2096 (math-mul (math-pow -1 | |
2097 (math-add | |
2098 (math-add low high) 1)) | |
2099 (list '/ | |
2100 (list 'calcFunc-fact | |
2101 (math-neg low)) | |
2102 (list 'calcFunc-fact | |
2103 (math-sub -1 high))))) | |
2104 (list '/ | |
2105 (list 'calcFunc-fact high) | |
2106 (list 'calcFunc-fact (math-sub low 1)))))) | |
2107 ((and (or (and (math-equal-int (nth 1 t1) 2) | |
2108 (setq t2 (math-simplify | |
2109 (math-add (math-mul low 2) | |
2110 (car t1))) | |
2111 t3 (math-simplify | |
2112 (math-add (math-mul high 2) | |
2113 (car t1))))) | |
2114 (and (math-equal-int (nth 1 t1) -2) | |
2115 (setq t2 (math-simplify | |
2116 (math-sub (car t1) | |
2117 (math-mul high 2))) | |
2118 t3 (math-simplify | |
2119 (math-sub (car t1) | |
2120 (math-mul low | |
2121 2)))))) | |
2122 (or (math-integerp t2) | |
2123 (and (math-messy-integerp t2) | |
2124 (setq t2 (math-trunc t2))) | |
2125 (math-integerp t3) | |
2126 (and (math-messy-integerp t3) | |
2127 (setq t3 (math-trunc t3))))) | |
2128 (if (or (math-zerop t2) (math-zerop t3)) | |
2129 0 | |
2130 (if (or (math-evenp t2) (math-evenp t3)) | |
2131 (if (or (math-negp t2) (math-negp t3)) | |
2132 (if (math-posp high) | |
2133 0 | |
2134 (list '/ | |
2135 (list 'calcFunc-dfact | |
2136 (math-neg t2)) | |
2137 (list 'calcFunc-dfact | |
2138 (math-sub -2 t3)))) | |
2139 (list '/ | |
2140 (list 'calcFunc-dfact t3) | |
2141 (list 'calcFunc-dfact | |
2142 (math-sub t2 2)))) | |
2143 (if (math-negp t3) | |
2144 (list '* | |
2145 (list '^ -1 | |
2146 (list '/ (list '- (list '- t2 t3) | |
2147 2) | |
2148 2)) | |
2149 (list '/ | |
2150 (list 'calcFunc-dfact | |
2151 (math-neg t2)) | |
2152 (list 'calcFunc-dfact | |
2153 (math-sub -2 t3)))) | |
2154 (if (math-posp t2) | |
2155 (list '/ | |
2156 (list 'calcFunc-dfact t3) | |
2157 (list 'calcFunc-dfact | |
2158 (math-sub t2 2))) | |
2159 nil)))))))) | |
2160 t2))) | |
2161 (if (equal val '(var nan var-nan)) (setq val nil)) | |
2162 (or val | |
2163 (let* ((math-tabulate-initial 1) | |
2164 (math-tabulate-function 'calcFunc-prod)) | |
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2165 (calcFunc-table expr var low high))))) |
40785 | 2166 |
2167 | |
2168 | |
2169 | |
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2170 (defvar math-solve-ranges nil) |
40785 | 2171 ;;; Attempt to reduce lhs = rhs to solve-var = rhs', where solve-var appears |
2172 ;;; in lhs but not in rhs or rhs'; return rhs'. | |
2173 ;;; Uses global values: solve-*. | |
2174 (defun math-try-solve-for (lhs rhs &optional sign no-poly) | |
2175 (let (t1 t2 t3) | |
2176 (cond ((equal lhs solve-var) | |
2177 (setq math-solve-sign sign) | |
2178 (if (eq solve-full 'all) | |
2179 (let ((vec (list 'vec (math-evaluate-expr rhs))) | |
2180 newvec var p) | |
2181 (while math-solve-ranges | |
2182 (setq p (car math-solve-ranges) | |
2183 var (car p) | |
2184 newvec (list 'vec)) | |
2185 (while (setq p (cdr p)) | |
2186 (setq newvec (nconc newvec | |
2187 (cdr (math-expr-subst | |
2188 vec var (car p)))))) | |
2189 (setq vec newvec | |
2190 math-solve-ranges (cdr math-solve-ranges))) | |
2191 (math-normalize vec)) | |
2192 rhs)) | |
2193 ((Math-primp lhs) | |
2194 nil) | |
2195 ((and (eq (car lhs) '-) | |
2196 (eq (car-safe (nth 1 lhs)) (car-safe (nth 2 lhs))) | |
2197 (Math-zerop rhs) | |
2198 (= (length (nth 1 lhs)) 2) | |
2199 (= (length (nth 2 lhs)) 2) | |
2200 (setq t1 (get (car (nth 1 lhs)) 'math-inverse)) | |
2201 (setq t2 (funcall t1 '(var SOLVEDUM SOLVEDUM))) | |
2202 (eq (math-expr-contains-count t2 '(var SOLVEDUM SOLVEDUM)) 1) | |
2203 (setq t3 (math-solve-above-dummy t2)) | |
2204 (setq t1 (math-try-solve-for (math-sub (nth 1 (nth 1 lhs)) | |
2205 (math-expr-subst | |
2206 t2 t3 | |
2207 (nth 1 (nth 2 lhs)))) | |
2208 0))) | |
2209 t1) | |
2210 ((eq (car lhs) 'neg) | |
2211 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) (math-neg rhs) | |
2212 (and sign (- sign)))) | |
2213 ((and (not (eq solve-full 't)) (math-try-solve-prod))) | |
2214 ((and (not no-poly) | |
2215 (setq t2 (math-decompose-poly lhs solve-var 15 rhs))) | |
2216 (setq t1 (cdr (nth 1 t2)) | |
2217 t1 (let ((math-solve-ranges math-solve-ranges)) | |
2218 (cond ((= (length t1) 5) | |
2219 (apply 'math-solve-quartic (car t2) t1)) | |
2220 ((= (length t1) 4) | |
2221 (apply 'math-solve-cubic (car t2) t1)) | |
2222 ((= (length t1) 3) | |
2223 (apply 'math-solve-quadratic (car t2) t1)) | |
2224 ((= (length t1) 2) | |
2225 (apply 'math-solve-linear (car t2) sign t1)) | |
2226 (solve-full | |
2227 (math-poly-all-roots (car t2) t1)) | |
2228 (calc-symbolic-mode nil) | |
2229 (t | |
2230 (math-try-solve-for | |
2231 (car t2) | |
2232 (math-poly-any-root (reverse t1) 0 t) | |
2233 nil t))))) | |
2234 (if t1 | |
2235 (if (eq (nth 2 t2) 1) | |
2236 t1 | |
2237 (math-solve-prod t1 (math-try-solve-for (nth 2 t2) 0 nil t))) | |
2238 (calc-record-why "*Unable to find a symbolic solution") | |
2239 nil)) | |
2240 ((and (math-solve-find-root-term lhs nil) | |
2241 (eq (math-expr-contains-count lhs t1) 1)) ; just in case | |
2242 (math-try-solve-for (math-simplify | |
2243 (math-sub (if (or t3 (math-evenp t2)) | |
2244 (math-pow t1 t2) | |
2245 (math-neg (math-pow t1 t2))) | |
2246 (math-expand-power | |
2247 (math-sub (math-normalize | |
2248 (math-expr-subst | |
2249 lhs t1 0)) | |
2250 rhs) | |
2251 t2 solve-var))) | |
2252 0)) | |
2253 ((eq (car lhs) '+) | |
2254 (cond ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2255 (math-try-solve-for (nth 2 lhs) | |
2256 (math-sub rhs (nth 1 lhs)) | |
2257 sign)) | |
2258 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2259 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) | |
2260 (math-sub rhs (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2261 sign)))) | |
2262 ((eq (car lhs) 'calcFunc-eq) | |
2263 (math-try-solve-for (math-sub (nth 1 lhs) (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2264 rhs sign no-poly)) | |
2265 ((eq (car lhs) '-) | |
2266 (cond ((or (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 lhs)) 'calcFunc-sin) | |
2267 (eq (car-safe (nth 2 lhs)) 'calcFunc-cos)) | |
2268 (and (eq (car-safe (nth 1 lhs)) 'calcFunc-cos) | |
2269 (eq (car-safe (nth 2 lhs)) 'calcFunc-sin))) | |
2270 (math-try-solve-for (math-sub (nth 1 lhs) | |
2271 (list (car (nth 1 lhs)) | |
2272 (math-sub | |
2273 (math-quarter-circle t) | |
2274 (nth 1 (nth 2 lhs))))) | |
2275 rhs)) | |
2276 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2277 (math-try-solve-for (nth 2 lhs) | |
2278 (math-sub (nth 1 lhs) rhs) | |
2279 (and sign (- sign)))) | |
2280 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2281 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) | |
2282 (math-add rhs (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2283 sign)))) | |
2284 ((and (eq solve-full 't) (math-try-solve-prod))) | |
2285 ((and (eq (car lhs) '%) | |
2286 (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 lhs) solve-var))) | |
2287 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) (math-add rhs | |
2288 (math-solve-get-int | |
2289 (nth 2 lhs))))) | |
2290 ((eq (car lhs) 'calcFunc-log) | |
2291 (cond ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2292 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) (math-pow (nth 2 lhs) rhs))) | |
2293 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2294 (math-try-solve-for (nth 2 lhs) (math-pow | |
2295 (nth 1 lhs) | |
2296 (math-div 1 rhs)))))) | |
2297 ((and (= (length lhs) 2) | |
2298 (symbolp (car lhs)) | |
2299 (setq t1 (get (car lhs) 'math-inverse)) | |
2300 (setq t2 (funcall t1 rhs))) | |
2301 (setq t1 (get (car lhs) 'math-inverse-sign)) | |
2302 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) (math-normalize t2) | |
2303 (and sign t1 | |
2304 (if (integerp t1) | |
2305 (* t1 sign) | |
2306 (funcall t1 lhs sign))))) | |
2307 ((and (symbolp (car lhs)) | |
2308 (setq t1 (get (car lhs) 'math-inverse-n)) | |
2309 (setq t2 (funcall t1 lhs rhs))) | |
2310 t2) | |
2311 ((setq t1 (math-expand-formula lhs)) | |
2312 (math-try-solve-for t1 rhs sign)) | |
2313 (t | |
2314 (calc-record-why "*No inverse known" lhs) | |
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diff
changeset
|
2315 nil)))) |
40785 | 2316 |
2317 | |
2318 (defun math-try-solve-prod () | |
2319 (cond ((eq (car lhs) '*) | |
2320 (cond ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2321 (math-try-solve-for (nth 2 lhs) | |
2322 (math-div rhs (nth 1 lhs)) | |
2323 (math-solve-sign sign (nth 1 lhs)))) | |
2324 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2325 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) | |
2326 (math-div rhs (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2327 (math-solve-sign sign (nth 2 lhs)))) | |
2328 ((Math-zerop rhs) | |
2329 (math-solve-prod (let ((math-solve-ranges math-solve-ranges)) | |
2330 (math-try-solve-for (nth 2 lhs) 0)) | |
2331 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) 0))))) | |
2332 ((eq (car lhs) '/) | |
2333 (cond ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2334 (math-try-solve-for (nth 2 lhs) | |
2335 (math-div (nth 1 lhs) rhs) | |
2336 (math-solve-sign sign (nth 1 lhs)))) | |
2337 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2338 (math-try-solve-for (nth 1 lhs) | |
2339 (math-mul rhs (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2340 (math-solve-sign sign (nth 2 lhs)))) | |
2341 ((setq t1 (math-try-solve-for (math-sub (nth 1 lhs) | |
2342 (math-mul (nth 2 lhs) | |
2343 rhs)) | |
2344 0)) | |
2345 t1))) | |
2346 ((eq (car lhs) '^) | |
2347 (cond ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2348 (math-try-solve-for | |
2349 (nth 2 lhs) | |
2350 (math-add (math-normalize | |
2351 (list 'calcFunc-log rhs (nth 1 lhs))) | |
2352 (math-div | |
2353 (math-mul 2 | |
2354 (math-mul '(var pi var-pi) | |
2355 (math-solve-get-int | |
2356 '(var i var-i)))) | |
2357 (math-normalize | |
2358 (list 'calcFunc-ln (nth 1 lhs))))))) | |
2359 ((not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 lhs) solve-var)) | |
2360 (cond ((and (integerp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2361 (>= (nth 2 lhs) 2) | |
2362 (setq t1 (math-integer-log2 (nth 2 lhs)))) | |
2363 (setq t2 rhs) | |
2364 (if (and (eq solve-full t) | |
2365 (math-known-realp (nth 1 lhs))) | |
2366 (progn | |
2367 (while (>= (setq t1 (1- t1)) 0) | |
2368 (setq t2 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt t2))) | |
2369 (setq t2 (math-solve-get-sign t2))) | |
2370 (while (>= (setq t1 (1- t1)) 0) | |
2371 (setq t2 (math-solve-get-sign | |
2372 (math-normalize | |
2373 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt t2)))))) | |
2374 (math-try-solve-for | |
2375 (nth 1 lhs) | |
2376 (math-normalize t2))) | |
2377 ((math-looks-negp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2378 (math-try-solve-for | |
2379 (list '^ (nth 1 lhs) (math-neg (nth 2 lhs))) | |
2380 (math-div 1 rhs))) | |
2381 ((and (eq solve-full t) | |
2382 (Math-integerp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2383 (math-known-realp (nth 1 lhs))) | |
2384 (setq t1 (math-normalize | |
2385 (list 'calcFunc-nroot rhs (nth 2 lhs)))) | |
2386 (if (math-evenp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2387 (setq t1 (math-solve-get-sign t1))) | |
2388 (math-try-solve-for | |
2389 (nth 1 lhs) t1 | |
2390 (and sign | |
2391 (math-oddp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2392 (math-solve-sign sign (nth 2 lhs))))) | |
2393 (t (math-try-solve-for | |
2394 (nth 1 lhs) | |
2395 (math-mul | |
2396 (math-normalize | |
2397 (list 'calcFunc-exp | |
2398 (if (Math-realp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2399 (math-div (math-mul | |
2400 '(var pi var-pi) | |
2401 (math-solve-get-int | |
2402 '(var i var-i) | |
2403 (and (integerp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2404 (math-abs | |
2405 (nth 2 lhs))))) | |
2406 (math-div (nth 2 lhs) 2)) | |
2407 (math-div (math-mul | |
2408 2 | |
2409 (math-mul | |
2410 '(var pi var-pi) | |
2411 (math-solve-get-int | |
2412 '(var i var-i) | |
2413 (and (integerp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2414 (math-abs | |
2415 (nth 2 lhs)))))) | |
2416 (nth 2 lhs))))) | |
2417 (math-normalize | |
2418 (list 'calcFunc-nroot | |
2419 rhs | |
2420 (nth 2 lhs)))) | |
2421 (and sign | |
2422 (math-oddp (nth 2 lhs)) | |
2423 (math-solve-sign sign (nth 2 lhs))))))))) | |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2424 (t nil))) |
40785 | 2425 |
2426 (defun math-solve-prod (lsoln rsoln) | |
2427 (cond ((null lsoln) | |
2428 rsoln) | |
2429 ((null rsoln) | |
2430 lsoln) | |
2431 ((eq solve-full 'all) | |
2432 (cons 'vec (append (cdr lsoln) (cdr rsoln)))) | |
2433 (solve-full | |
2434 (list 'calcFunc-if | |
2435 (list 'calcFunc-gt (math-solve-get-sign 1) 0) | |
2436 lsoln | |
2437 rsoln)) | |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2438 (t lsoln))) |
40785 | 2439 |
2440 ;;; This deals with negative, fractional, and symbolic powers of "x". | |
2441 (defun math-solve-poly-funny-powers (sub-rhs) ; uses "t1", "t2" | |
2442 (setq t1 lhs) | |
2443 (let ((pp math-poly-neg-powers) | |
2444 fac) | |
2445 (while pp | |
2446 (setq fac (math-pow (car pp) (or math-poly-mult-powers 1)) | |
2447 t1 (math-mul t1 fac) | |
2448 rhs (math-mul rhs fac) | |
2449 pp (cdr pp)))) | |
2450 (if sub-rhs (setq t1 (math-sub t1 rhs))) | |
2451 (let ((math-poly-neg-powers nil)) | |
2452 (setq t2 (math-mul (or math-poly-mult-powers 1) | |
2453 (let ((calc-prefer-frac t)) | |
2454 (math-div 1 math-poly-frac-powers))) | |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2455 t1 (math-is-polynomial (math-simplify (calcFunc-expand t1)) b 50)))) |
40785 | 2456 |
2457 ;;; This converts "a x^8 + b x^5 + c x^2" to "(a (x^3)^2 + b (x^3) + c) * x^2". | |
2458 (defun math-solve-crunch-poly (max-degree) ; uses "t1", "t3" | |
2459 (let ((count 0)) | |
2460 (while (and t1 (Math-zerop (car t1))) | |
2461 (setq t1 (cdr t1) | |
2462 count (1+ count))) | |
2463 (and t1 | |
2464 (let* ((degree (1- (length t1))) | |
2465 (scale degree)) | |
2466 (while (and (> scale 1) (= (car t3) 1)) | |
2467 (and (= (% degree scale) 0) | |
2468 (let ((p t1) | |
2469 (n 0) | |
2470 (new-t1 nil) | |
2471 (okay t)) | |
2472 (while (and p okay) | |
2473 (if (= (% n scale) 0) | |
2474 (setq new-t1 (nconc new-t1 (list (car p)))) | |
2475 (or (Math-zerop (car p)) | |
2476 (setq okay nil))) | |
2477 (setq p (cdr p) | |
2478 n (1+ n))) | |
2479 (if okay | |
2480 (setq t3 (cons scale (cdr t3)) | |
2481 t1 new-t1)))) | |
2482 (setq scale (1- scale))) | |
2483 (setq t3 (list (math-mul (car t3) t2) (math-mul count t2))) | |
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Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2484 (<= (1- (length t1)) max-degree))))) |
40785 | 2485 |
2486 (defun calcFunc-poly (expr var &optional degree) | |
2487 (if degree | |
2488 (or (natnump degree) (math-reject-arg degree 'fixnatnump)) | |
2489 (setq degree 50)) | |
2490 (let ((p (math-is-polynomial expr var degree 'gen))) | |
2491 (if p | |
2492 (if (equal p '(0)) | |
2493 (list 'vec) | |
2494 (cons 'vec p)) | |
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Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2495 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a polynomial")))) |
40785 | 2496 |
2497 (defun calcFunc-gpoly (expr var &optional degree) | |
2498 (if degree | |
2499 (or (natnump degree) (math-reject-arg degree 'fixnatnump)) | |
2500 (setq degree 50)) | |
2501 (let* ((math-poly-base-variable var) | |
2502 (d (math-decompose-poly expr var degree nil))) | |
2503 (if d | |
2504 (cons 'vec d) | |
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Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2505 (math-reject-arg expr "Expected a polynomial")))) |
40785 | 2506 |
2507 (defun math-decompose-poly (lhs solve-var degree sub-rhs) | |
2508 (let ((rhs (or sub-rhs 1)) | |
2509 t1 t2 t3) | |
2510 (setq t2 (math-polynomial-base | |
2511 lhs | |
2512 (function | |
2513 (lambda (b) | |
2514 (let ((math-poly-neg-powers '(1)) | |
2515 (math-poly-mult-powers nil) | |
2516 (math-poly-frac-powers 1) | |
2517 (math-poly-exp-base t)) | |
2518 (and (not (equal b lhs)) | |
2519 (or (not (memq (car-safe b) '(+ -))) sub-rhs) | |
2520 (setq t3 '(1 0) t2 1 | |
2521 t1 (math-is-polynomial lhs b 50)) | |
2522 (if (and (equal math-poly-neg-powers '(1)) | |
2523 (memq math-poly-mult-powers '(nil 1)) | |
2524 (eq math-poly-frac-powers 1) | |
2525 sub-rhs) | |
2526 (setq t1 (cons (math-sub (car t1) rhs) | |
2527 (cdr t1))) | |
2528 (math-solve-poly-funny-powers sub-rhs)) | |
2529 (math-solve-crunch-poly degree) | |
2530 (or (math-expr-contains b solve-var) | |
2531 (math-expr-contains (car t3) solve-var)))))))) | |
2532 (if t2 | |
2533 (list (math-pow t2 (car t3)) | |
2534 (cons 'vec t1) | |
2535 (if sub-rhs | |
2536 (math-pow t2 (nth 1 t3)) | |
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Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2537 (math-div (math-pow t2 (nth 1 t3)) rhs)))))) |
40785 | 2538 |
2539 (defun math-solve-linear (var sign b a) | |
2540 (math-try-solve-for var | |
2541 (math-div (math-neg b) a) | |
2542 (math-solve-sign sign a) | |
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73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2543 t)) |
40785 | 2544 |
2545 (defun math-solve-quadratic (var c b a) | |
2546 (math-try-solve-for | |
2547 var | |
2548 (if (math-looks-evenp b) | |
2549 (let ((halfb (math-div b 2))) | |
2550 (math-div | |
2551 (math-add | |
2552 (math-neg halfb) | |
2553 (math-solve-get-sign | |
2554 (math-normalize | |
2555 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
2556 (math-add (math-sqr halfb) | |
2557 (math-mul (math-neg c) a)))))) | |
2558 a)) | |
2559 (math-div | |
2560 (math-add | |
2561 (math-neg b) | |
2562 (math-solve-get-sign | |
2563 (math-normalize | |
2564 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
2565 (math-add (math-sqr b) | |
2566 (math-mul 4 (math-mul (math-neg c) a))))))) | |
2567 (math-mul 2 a))) | |
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73f364fd8aaa
Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2568 nil t)) |
40785 | 2569 |
2570 (defun math-solve-cubic (var d c b a) | |
2571 (let* ((p (math-div b a)) | |
2572 (q (math-div c a)) | |
2573 (r (math-div d a)) | |
2574 (psqr (math-sqr p)) | |
2575 (aa (math-sub q (math-div psqr 3))) | |
2576 (bb (math-add r | |
2577 (math-div (math-sub (math-mul 2 (math-mul psqr p)) | |
2578 (math-mul 9 (math-mul p q))) | |
2579 27))) | |
2580 m) | |
2581 (if (Math-zerop aa) | |
2582 (math-try-solve-for (math-pow (math-add var (math-div p 3)) 3) | |
2583 (math-neg bb) nil t) | |
2584 (if (Math-zerop bb) | |
2585 (math-try-solve-for | |
2586 (math-mul (math-add var (math-div p 3)) | |
2587 (math-add (math-sqr (math-add var (math-div p 3))) | |
2588 aa)) | |
2589 0 nil t) | |
2590 (setq m (math-mul 2 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt (math-div aa -3)))) | |
2591 (math-try-solve-for | |
2592 var | |
2593 (math-sub | |
2594 (math-normalize | |
2595 (math-mul | |
2596 m | |
2597 (list 'calcFunc-cos | |
2598 (math-div | |
2599 (math-sub (list 'calcFunc-arccos | |
2600 (math-div (math-mul 3 bb) | |
2601 (math-mul aa m))) | |
2602 (math-mul 2 | |
2603 (math-mul | |
2604 (math-add 1 (math-solve-get-int | |
2605 1 3)) | |
2606 (math-half-circle | |
2607 calc-symbolic-mode)))) | |
2608 3)))) | |
2609 (math-div p 3)) | |
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Style cleanup; don't put closing parens on their
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diff
changeset
|
2610 nil t))))) |
40785 | 2611 |
2612 (defun math-solve-quartic (var d c b a aa) | |
2613 (setq a (math-div a aa)) | |
2614 (setq b (math-div b aa)) | |
2615 (setq c (math-div c aa)) | |
2616 (setq d (math-div d aa)) | |
2617 (math-try-solve-for | |
2618 var | |
2619 (let* ((asqr (math-sqr a)) | |
2620 (asqr4 (math-div asqr 4)) | |
2621 (y (let ((solve-full nil) | |
2622 calc-next-why) | |
2623 (math-solve-cubic solve-var | |
2624 (math-sub (math-sub | |
2625 (math-mul 4 (math-mul b d)) | |
2626 (math-mul asqr d)) | |
2627 (math-sqr c)) | |
2628 (math-sub (math-mul a c) | |
2629 (math-mul 4 d)) | |
2630 (math-neg b) | |
2631 1))) | |
2632 (rsqr (math-add (math-sub asqr4 b) y)) | |
2633 (r (list 'calcFunc-sqrt rsqr)) | |
2634 (sign1 (math-solve-get-sign 1)) | |
2635 (de (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
2636 (math-add | |
2637 (math-sub (math-mul 3 asqr4) | |
2638 (math-mul 2 b)) | |
2639 (if (Math-zerop rsqr) | |
2640 (math-mul | |
2641 2 | |
2642 (math-mul sign1 | |
2643 (list 'calcFunc-sqrt | |
2644 (math-sub (math-sqr y) | |
2645 (math-mul 4 d))))) | |
2646 (math-sub | |
2647 (math-mul sign1 | |
2648 (math-div | |
2649 (math-sub (math-sub | |
2650 (math-mul 4 (math-mul a b)) | |
2651 (math-mul 8 c)) | |
2652 (math-mul asqr a)) | |
2653 (math-mul 4 r))) | |
2654 rsqr)))))) | |
2655 (math-normalize | |
2656 (math-sub (math-add (math-mul sign1 (math-div r 2)) | |
2657 (math-solve-get-sign (math-div de 2))) | |
2658 (math-div a 4)))) | |
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2659 nil t)) |
40785 | 2660 |
41271
fcd507927105
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diff
changeset
|
2661 (defvar math-symbolic-solve nil) |
fcd507927105
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Colin Walters <walters@gnu.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2662 (defvar math-int-coefs nil) |
40785 | 2663 (defun math-poly-all-roots (var p &optional math-factoring) |
2664 (catch 'ouch | |
2665 (let* ((math-symbolic-solve calc-symbolic-mode) | |
2666 (roots nil) | |
2667 (deg (1- (length p))) | |
2668 (orig-p (reverse p)) | |
2669 (math-int-coefs nil) | |
2670 (math-int-scale nil) | |
2671 (math-double-roots nil) | |
2672 (math-int-factors nil) | |
2673 (math-int-threshold nil) | |
2674 (pp p)) | |
2675 ;; If rational coefficients, look for exact rational factors. | |
2676 (while (and pp (Math-ratp (car pp))) | |
2677 (setq pp (cdr pp))) | |
2678 (if pp | |
2679 (if (or math-factoring math-symbolic-solve) | |
2680 (throw 'ouch nil)) | |
2681 (let ((lead (car orig-p)) | |
2682 (calc-prefer-frac t) | |
2683 (scale (apply 'math-lcm-denoms p))) | |
2684 (setq math-int-scale (math-abs (math-mul scale lead)) | |
2685 math-int-threshold (math-div '(float 5 -2) math-int-scale) | |
2686 math-int-coefs (cdr (math-div (cons 'vec orig-p) lead))))) | |
2687 (if (> deg 4) | |
2688 (let ((calc-prefer-frac nil) | |
2689 (calc-symbolic-mode nil) | |
2690 (pp p) | |
2691 (def-p (copy-sequence orig-p))) | |
2692 (while pp | |
2693 (if (Math-numberp (car pp)) | |
2694 (setq pp (cdr pp)) | |
2695 (throw 'ouch nil))) | |
2696 (while (> deg (if math-symbolic-solve 2 4)) | |
2697 (let* ((x (math-poly-any-root def-p '(float 0 0) nil)) | |
2698 b c pp) | |
2699 (if (and (eq (car-safe x) 'cplx) | |
2700 (math-nearly-zerop (nth 2 x) (nth 1 x))) | |
2701 (setq x (calcFunc-re x))) | |
2702 (or math-factoring | |
2703 (setq roots (cons x roots))) | |
2704 (or (math-numberp x) | |
2705 (setq x (math-evaluate-expr x))) | |
2706 (setq pp def-p | |
2707 b (car def-p)) | |
2708 (while (setq pp (cdr pp)) | |
2709 (setq c (car pp)) | |
2710 (setcar pp b) | |
2711 (setq b (math-add (math-mul x b) c))) | |
2712 (setq def-p (cdr def-p) | |
2713 deg (1- deg)))) | |
2714 (setq p (reverse def-p)))) | |
2715 (if (> deg 1) | |
2716 (let ((solve-var '(var DUMMY var-DUMMY)) | |
2717 (math-solve-sign nil) | |
2718 (math-solve-ranges nil) | |
2719 (solve-full 'all)) | |
2720 (if (= (length p) (length math-int-coefs)) | |
2721 (setq p (reverse math-int-coefs))) | |
2722 (setq roots (append (cdr (apply (cond ((= deg 2) | |
2723 'math-solve-quadratic) | |
2724 ((= deg 3) | |
2725 'math-solve-cubic) | |
2726 (t | |
2727 'math-solve-quartic)) | |
2728 solve-var p)) | |
2729 roots))) | |
2730 (if (> deg 0) | |
2731 (setq roots (cons (math-div (math-neg (car p)) (nth 1 p)) | |
2732 roots)))) | |
2733 (if math-factoring | |
2734 (progn | |
2735 (while roots | |
2736 (math-poly-integer-root (car roots)) | |
2737 (setq roots (cdr roots))) | |
2738 (list math-int-factors (nreverse math-int-coefs) math-int-scale)) | |
2739 (let ((vec nil) res) | |
2740 (while roots | |
2741 (let ((root (car roots)) | |
2742 (solve-full (and solve-full 'all))) | |
2743 (if (math-floatp root) | |
2744 (setq root (math-poly-any-root orig-p root t))) | |
2745 (setq vec (append vec | |
2746 (cdr (or (math-try-solve-for var root nil t) | |
2747 (throw 'ouch nil)))))) | |
2748 (setq roots (cdr roots))) | |
2749 (setq vec (cons 'vec (nreverse vec))) | |
2750 (if math-symbolic-solve | |
2751 (setq vec (math-normalize vec))) | |
2752 (if (eq solve-full t) | |
2753 (list 'calcFunc-subscr | |
2754 vec | |
2755 (math-solve-get-int 1 (1- (length orig-p)) 1)) | |
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2756 vec)))))) |
40785 | 2757 |
2758 (defun math-lcm-denoms (&rest fracs) | |
2759 (let ((den 1)) | |
2760 (while fracs | |
2761 (if (eq (car-safe (car fracs)) 'frac) | |
2762 (setq den (calcFunc-lcm den (nth 2 (car fracs))))) | |
2763 (setq fracs (cdr fracs))) | |
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2764 den)) |
40785 | 2765 |
2766 (defun math-poly-any-root (p x polish) ; p is a reverse poly coeff list | |
2767 (let* ((newt (if (math-zerop x) | |
2768 (math-poly-newton-root | |
2769 p '(cplx (float 123 -6) (float 1 -4)) 4) | |
2770 (math-poly-newton-root p x 4))) | |
2771 (res (if (math-zerop (cdr newt)) | |
2772 (car newt) | |
2773 (if (and (math-lessp (cdr newt) '(float 1 -3)) (not polish)) | |
2774 (setq newt (math-poly-newton-root p (car newt) 30))) | |
2775 (if (math-zerop (cdr newt)) | |
2776 (car newt) | |
2777 (math-poly-laguerre-root p x polish))))) | |
2778 (and math-symbolic-solve (math-floatp res) | |
2779 (throw 'ouch nil)) | |
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2780 res)) |
40785 | 2781 |
2782 (defun math-poly-newton-root (p x iters) | |
2783 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac nil) | |
2784 (calc-symbolic-mode nil) | |
2785 (try-integer math-int-coefs) | |
2786 (dx x) b d) | |
2787 (while (and (> (setq iters (1- iters)) 0) | |
2788 (let ((pp p)) | |
2789 (math-working "newton" x) | |
2790 (setq b (car p) | |
2791 d 0) | |
2792 (while (setq pp (cdr pp)) | |
2793 (setq d (math-add (math-mul x d) b) | |
2794 b (math-add (math-mul x b) (car pp)))) | |
2795 (not (math-zerop d))) | |
2796 (progn | |
2797 (setq dx (math-div b d) | |
2798 x (math-sub x dx)) | |
2799 (if try-integer | |
2800 (let ((adx (math-abs-approx dx))) | |
2801 (and (math-lessp adx math-int-threshold) | |
2802 (let ((iroot (math-poly-integer-root x))) | |
2803 (if iroot | |
2804 (setq x iroot dx 0) | |
2805 (setq try-integer nil)))))) | |
2806 (or (not (or (eq dx 0) | |
2807 (math-nearly-zerop dx (math-abs-approx x)))) | |
2808 (progn (setq dx 0) nil))))) | |
2809 (cons x (if (math-zerop x) | |
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2810 1 (math-div (math-abs-approx dx) (math-abs-approx x)))))) |
40785 | 2811 |
2812 (defun math-poly-integer-root (x) | |
2813 (and (math-lessp (calcFunc-xpon (math-abs-approx x)) calc-internal-prec) | |
2814 math-int-coefs | |
2815 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac t) | |
2816 (xre (calcFunc-re x)) | |
2817 (xim (calcFunc-im x)) | |
2818 (xresq (math-sqr xre)) | |
2819 (ximsq (math-sqr xim))) | |
2820 (if (math-lessp ximsq (calcFunc-scf xresq -1)) | |
2821 ;; Look for linear factor | |
2822 (let* ((rnd (math-div (math-round (math-mul xre math-int-scale)) | |
2823 math-int-scale)) | |
2824 (icp math-int-coefs) | |
2825 (rem (car icp)) | |
2826 (newcoef nil)) | |
2827 (while (setq icp (cdr icp)) | |
2828 (setq newcoef (cons rem newcoef) | |
2829 rem (math-add (car icp) | |
2830 (math-mul rem rnd)))) | |
2831 (and (math-zerop rem) | |
2832 (progn | |
2833 (setq math-int-coefs (nreverse newcoef) | |
2834 math-int-factors (cons (list (math-neg rnd)) | |
2835 math-int-factors)) | |
2836 rnd))) | |
2837 ;; Look for irreducible quadratic factor | |
2838 (let* ((rnd1 (math-div (math-round | |
2839 (math-mul xre (math-mul -2 math-int-scale))) | |
2840 math-int-scale)) | |
2841 (sqscale (math-sqr math-int-scale)) | |
2842 (rnd0 (math-div (math-round (math-mul (math-add xresq ximsq) | |
2843 sqscale)) | |
2844 sqscale)) | |
2845 (rem1 (car math-int-coefs)) | |
2846 (icp (cdr math-int-coefs)) | |
2847 (rem0 (car icp)) | |
2848 (newcoef nil) | |
2849 (found (assoc (list rnd0 rnd1 (math-posp xim)) | |
2850 math-double-roots)) | |
2851 this) | |
2852 (if found | |
2853 (setq math-double-roots (delq found math-double-roots) | |
2854 rem0 0 rem1 0) | |
2855 (while (setq icp (cdr icp)) | |
2856 (setq this rem1 | |
2857 newcoef (cons rem1 newcoef) | |
2858 rem1 (math-sub rem0 (math-mul this rnd1)) | |
2859 rem0 (math-sub (car icp) (math-mul this rnd0))))) | |
2860 (and (math-zerop rem0) | |
2861 (math-zerop rem1) | |
2862 (let ((aa (math-div rnd1 -2))) | |
2863 (or found (setq math-int-coefs (reverse newcoef) | |
2864 math-double-roots (cons (list | |
2865 (list | |
2866 rnd0 rnd1 | |
2867 (math-negp xim))) | |
2868 math-double-roots) | |
2869 math-int-factors (cons (cons rnd0 rnd1) | |
2870 math-int-factors))) | |
2871 (math-add aa | |
2872 (let ((calc-symbolic-mode math-symbolic-solve)) | |
2873 (math-mul (math-sqrt (math-sub (math-sqr aa) | |
2874 rnd0)) | |
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2875 (if (math-negp xim) -1 1))))))))))) |
40785 | 2876 |
2877 ;;; The following routine is from Numerical Recipes, section 9.5. | |
2878 (defun math-poly-laguerre-root (p x polish) | |
2879 (let* ((calc-prefer-frac nil) | |
2880 (calc-symbolic-mode nil) | |
2881 (iters 0) | |
2882 (m (1- (length p))) | |
2883 (try-newt (not polish)) | |
2884 (tried-newt nil) | |
2885 b d f x1 dx dxold) | |
2886 (while | |
2887 (and (or (< (setq iters (1+ iters)) 50) | |
2888 (math-reject-arg x "*Laguerre's method failed to converge")) | |
2889 (let ((err (math-abs-approx (car p))) | |
2890 (abx (math-abs-approx x)) | |
2891 (pp p)) | |
2892 (setq b (car p) | |
2893 d 0 f 0) | |
2894 (while (setq pp (cdr pp)) | |
2895 (setq f (math-add (math-mul x f) d) | |
2896 d (math-add (math-mul x d) b) | |
2897 b (math-add (math-mul x b) (car pp)) | |
2898 err (math-add (math-abs-approx b) (math-mul abx err)))) | |
2899 (math-lessp (calcFunc-scf err (- -2 calc-internal-prec)) | |
2900 (math-abs-approx b))) | |
2901 (or (not (math-zerop d)) | |
2902 (not (math-zerop f)) | |
2903 (progn | |
2904 (setq x (math-pow (math-neg b) (list 'frac 1 m))) | |
2905 nil)) | |
2906 (let* ((g (math-div d b)) | |
2907 (g2 (math-sqr g)) | |
2908 (h (math-sub g2 (math-mul 2 (math-div f b)))) | |
2909 (sq (math-sqrt | |
2910 (math-mul (1- m) (math-sub (math-mul m h) g2)))) | |
2911 (gp (math-add g sq)) | |
2912 (gm (math-sub g sq))) | |
2913 (if (math-lessp (calcFunc-abssqr gp) (calcFunc-abssqr gm)) | |
2914 (setq gp gm)) | |
2915 (setq dx (math-div m gp) | |
2916 x1 (math-sub x dx)) | |
2917 (if (and try-newt | |
2918 (math-lessp (math-abs-approx dx) | |
2919 (calcFunc-scf (math-abs-approx x) -3))) | |
2920 (let ((newt (math-poly-newton-root p x1 7))) | |
2921 (setq tried-newt t | |
2922 try-newt nil) | |
2923 (if (math-zerop (cdr newt)) | |
2924 (setq x (car newt) x1 x) | |
2925 (if (math-lessp (cdr newt) '(float 1 -6)) | |
2926 (let ((newt2 (math-poly-newton-root | |
2927 p (car newt) 20))) | |
2928 (if (math-zerop (cdr newt2)) | |
2929 (setq x (car newt2) x1 x) | |
2930 (setq x (car newt)))))))) | |
2931 (not (or (eq x x1) | |
2932 (math-nearly-equal x x1)))) | |
2933 (let ((cdx (math-abs-approx dx))) | |
2934 (setq x x1 | |
2935 tried-newt nil) | |
2936 (prog1 | |
2937 (or (<= iters 6) | |
2938 (math-lessp cdx dxold) | |
2939 (progn | |
2940 (if polish | |
2941 (let ((digs (calcFunc-xpon | |
2942 (math-div (math-abs-approx x) cdx)))) | |
2943 (calc-record-why | |
2944 "*Could not attain full precision") | |
2945 (if (natnump digs) | |
2946 (let ((calc-internal-prec (max 3 digs))) | |
2947 (setq x (math-normalize x)))))) | |
2948 nil)) | |
2949 (setq dxold cdx))) | |
2950 (or polish | |
2951 (math-lessp (calcFunc-scf (math-abs-approx x) | |
2952 (- calc-internal-prec)) | |
2953 dxold)))) | |
2954 (or (and (math-floatp x) | |
2955 (math-poly-integer-root x)) | |
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2956 x))) |
40785 | 2957 |
2958 (defun math-solve-above-dummy (x) | |
2959 (and (not (Math-primp x)) | |
2960 (if (and (equal (nth 1 x) '(var SOLVEDUM SOLVEDUM)) | |
2961 (= (length x) 2)) | |
2962 x | |
2963 (let ((res nil)) | |
2964 (while (and (setq x (cdr x)) | |
2965 (not (setq res (math-solve-above-dummy (car x)))))) | |
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2966 res)))) |
40785 | 2967 |
2968 (defun math-solve-find-root-term (x neg) ; sets "t2", "t3" | |
2969 (if (math-solve-find-root-in-prod x) | |
2970 (setq t3 neg | |
2971 t1 x) | |
2972 (and (memq (car-safe x) '(+ -)) | |
2973 (or (math-solve-find-root-term (nth 1 x) neg) | |
2974 (math-solve-find-root-term (nth 2 x) | |
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2975 (if (eq (car x) '-) (not neg) neg)))))) |
40785 | 2976 |
2977 (defun math-solve-find-root-in-prod (x) | |
2978 (and (consp x) | |
2979 (math-expr-contains x solve-var) | |
2980 (or (and (eq (car x) 'calcFunc-sqrt) | |
2981 (setq t2 2)) | |
2982 (and (eq (car x) '^) | |
2983 (or (and (memq (math-quarter-integer (nth 2 x)) '(1 2 3)) | |
2984 (setq t2 2)) | |
2985 (and (eq (car-safe (nth 2 x)) 'frac) | |
2986 (eq (nth 2 (nth 2 x)) 3) | |
2987 (setq t2 3)))) | |
2988 (and (memq (car x) '(* /)) | |
2989 (or (and (not (math-expr-contains (nth 1 x) solve-var)) | |
2990 (math-solve-find-root-in-prod (nth 2 x))) | |
2991 (and (not (math-expr-contains (nth 2 x) solve-var)) | |
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2992 (math-solve-find-root-in-prod (nth 1 x)))))))) |
40785 | 2993 |
2994 | |
2995 (defun math-solve-system (exprs solve-vars solve-full) | |
2996 (setq exprs (mapcar 'list (if (Math-vectorp exprs) | |
2997 (cdr exprs) | |
2998 (list exprs))) | |
2999 solve-vars (if (Math-vectorp solve-vars) | |
3000 (cdr solve-vars) | |
3001 (list solve-vars))) | |
3002 (or (let ((math-solve-simplifying nil)) | |
3003 (math-solve-system-rec exprs solve-vars nil)) | |
3004 (let ((math-solve-simplifying t)) | |
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3005 (math-solve-system-rec exprs solve-vars nil)))) |
40785 | 3006 |
3007 ;;; The following backtracking solver works by choosing a variable | |
3008 ;;; and equation, and trying to solve the equation for the variable. | |
3009 ;;; If it succeeds it calls itself recursively with that variable and | |
3010 ;;; equation removed from their respective lists, and with the solution | |
3011 ;;; added to solns as well as being substituted into all existing | |
3012 ;;; equations. The algorithm terminates when any solution path | |
3013 ;;; manages to remove all the variables from var-list. | |
3014 | |
3015 ;;; To support calcFunc-roots, entries in eqn-list and solns are | |
3016 ;;; actually lists of equations. | |
3017 | |
3018 (defun math-solve-system-rec (eqn-list var-list solns) | |
3019 (if var-list | |
3020 (let ((v var-list) | |
3021 (res nil)) | |
3022 | |
3023 ;; Try each variable in turn. | |
3024 (while | |
3025 (and | |
3026 v | |
3027 (let* ((vv (car v)) | |
3028 (e eqn-list) | |
3029 (elim (eq (car-safe vv) 'calcFunc-elim))) | |
3030 (if elim | |
3031 (setq vv (nth 1 vv))) | |
3032 | |
3033 ;; Try each equation in turn. | |
3034 (while | |
3035 (and | |
3036 e | |
3037 (let ((e2 (car e)) | |
3038 (eprev nil) | |
3039 res2) | |
3040 (setq res nil) | |
3041 | |
3042 ;; Try to solve for vv the list of equations e2. | |
3043 (while (and e2 | |
3044 (setq res2 (or (and (eq (car e2) eprev) | |
3045 res2) | |
3046 (math-solve-for (car e2) 0 vv | |
3047 solve-full)))) | |
3048 (setq eprev (car e2) | |
3049 res (cons (if (eq solve-full 'all) | |
3050 (cdr res2) | |
3051 (list res2)) | |
3052 res) | |
3053 e2 (cdr e2))) | |
3054 (if e2 | |
3055 (setq res nil) | |
3056 | |
3057 ;; Found a solution. Now try other variables. | |
3058 (setq res (nreverse res) | |
3059 res (math-solve-system-rec | |
3060 (mapcar | |
3061 'math-solve-system-subst | |
3062 (delq (car e) | |
3063 (copy-sequence eqn-list))) | |
3064 (delq (car v) (copy-sequence var-list)) | |
3065 (let ((math-solve-simplifying nil) | |
3066 (s (mapcar | |
3067 (function | |
3068 (lambda (x) | |
3069 (cons | |
3070 (car x) | |
3071 (math-solve-system-subst | |
3072 (cdr x))))) | |
3073 solns))) | |
3074 (if elim | |
3075 s | |
3076 (cons (cons vv (apply 'append res)) | |
3077 s))))) | |
3078 (not res)))) | |
3079 (setq e (cdr e))) | |
3080 (not res))) | |
3081 (setq v (cdr v))) | |
3082 res) | |
3083 | |
3084 ;; Eliminated all variables, so now put solution into the proper format. | |
3085 (setq solns (sort solns | |
3086 (function | |
3087 (lambda (x y) | |
3088 (not (memq (car x) (memq (car y) solve-vars))))))) | |
3089 (if (eq solve-full 'all) | |
3090 (math-transpose | |
3091 (math-normalize | |
3092 (cons 'vec | |
3093 (if solns | |
3094 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (cons 'vec (cdr x)))) solns) | |
3095 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (cons 'vec x))) eqn-list))))) | |
3096 (math-normalize | |
3097 (cons 'vec | |
3098 (if solns | |
3099 (mapcar (function (lambda (x) (cons 'calcFunc-eq x))) solns) | |
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|
3100 (mapcar 'car eqn-list))))))) |
40785 | 3101 |
3102 (defun math-solve-system-subst (x) ; uses "res" and "v" | |
3103 (let ((accum nil) | |
3104 (res2 res)) | |
3105 (while x | |
3106 (setq accum (nconc accum | |
3107 (mapcar (function | |
3108 (lambda (r) | |
3109 (if math-solve-simplifying | |
3110 (math-simplify | |
3111 (math-expr-subst (car x) vv r)) | |
3112 (math-expr-subst (car x) vv r)))) | |
3113 (car res2))) | |
3114 x (cdr x) | |
3115 res2 (cdr res2))) | |
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|
3116 accum)) |
40785 | 3117 |
3118 | |
3119 (defun math-get-from-counter (name) | |
3120 (let ((ctr (assq name calc-command-flags))) | |
3121 (if ctr | |
3122 (setcdr ctr (1+ (cdr ctr))) | |
3123 (setq ctr (cons name 1) | |
3124 calc-command-flags (cons ctr calc-command-flags))) | |
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|
3125 (cdr ctr))) |
40785 | 3126 |
3127 (defun math-solve-get-sign (val) | |
3128 (setq val (math-simplify val)) | |
3129 (if (and (eq (car-safe val) '*) | |
3130 (Math-numberp (nth 1 val))) | |
3131 (list '* (nth 1 val) (math-solve-get-sign (nth 2 val))) | |
3132 (and (eq (car-safe val) 'calcFunc-sqrt) | |
3133 (eq (car-safe (nth 1 val)) '^) | |
3134 (setq val (math-normalize (list '^ | |
3135 (nth 1 (nth 1 val)) | |
3136 (math-div (nth 2 (nth 1 val)) 2))))) | |
3137 (if solve-full | |
3138 (if (and (calc-var-value 'var-GenCount) | |
3139 (Math-natnump var-GenCount) | |
3140 (not (eq solve-full 'all))) | |
3141 (prog1 | |
3142 (math-mul (list 'calcFunc-as var-GenCount) val) | |
3143 (setq var-GenCount (math-add var-GenCount 1)) | |
3144 (calc-refresh-evaltos 'var-GenCount)) | |
43506
43be8de143a2
(math-solve-get-sign): Convert integer to string.
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changeset
|
3145 (let* ((var (concat "s" (int-to-string (math-get-from-counter 'solve-sign)))) |
40785 | 3146 (var2 (list 'var (intern var) (intern (concat "var-" var))))) |
3147 (if (eq solve-full 'all) | |
3148 (setq math-solve-ranges (cons (list var2 1 -1) | |
3149 math-solve-ranges))) | |
3150 (math-mul var2 val))) | |
3151 (calc-record-why "*Choosing positive solution") | |
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3152 val))) |
40785 | 3153 |
3154 (defun math-solve-get-int (val &optional range first) | |
3155 (if solve-full | |
3156 (if (and (calc-var-value 'var-GenCount) | |
3157 (Math-natnump var-GenCount) | |
3158 (not (eq solve-full 'all))) | |
3159 (prog1 | |
3160 (math-mul val (list 'calcFunc-an var-GenCount)) | |
3161 (setq var-GenCount (math-add var-GenCount 1)) | |
3162 (calc-refresh-evaltos 'var-GenCount)) | |
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3163 (let* ((var (concat "n" (int-to-string |
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3164 (math-get-from-counter 'solve-int)))) |
40785 | 3165 (var2 (list 'var (intern var) (intern (concat "var-" var))))) |
3166 (if (and range (eq solve-full 'all)) | |
3167 (setq math-solve-ranges (cons (cons var2 | |
3168 (cdr (calcFunc-index | |
3169 range (or first 0)))) | |
3170 math-solve-ranges))) | |
3171 (math-mul val var2))) | |
3172 (calc-record-why "*Choosing 0 for arbitrary integer in solution") | |
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3173 0)) |
40785 | 3174 |
3175 (defun math-solve-sign (sign expr) | |
3176 (and sign | |
3177 (let ((s1 (math-possible-signs expr))) | |
3178 (cond ((memq s1 '(4 6)) | |
3179 sign) | |
3180 ((memq s1 '(1 3)) | |
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3181 (- sign)))))) |
40785 | 3182 |
3183 (defun math-looks-evenp (expr) | |
3184 (if (Math-integerp expr) | |
3185 (math-evenp expr) | |
3186 (if (memq (car expr) '(* /)) | |
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3187 (math-looks-evenp (nth 1 expr))))) |
40785 | 3188 |
3189 (defun math-solve-for (lhs rhs solve-var solve-full &optional sign) | |
3190 (if (math-expr-contains rhs solve-var) | |
3191 (math-solve-for (math-sub lhs rhs) 0 solve-var solve-full) | |
3192 (and (math-expr-contains lhs solve-var) | |
3193 (math-with-extra-prec 1 | |
3194 (let* ((math-poly-base-variable solve-var) | |
3195 (res (math-try-solve-for lhs rhs sign))) | |
3196 (if (and (eq solve-full 'all) | |
3197 (math-known-realp solve-var)) | |
3198 (let ((old-len (length res)) | |
3199 new-len) | |
3200 (setq res (delq nil | |
3201 (mapcar (function | |
3202 (lambda (x) | |
3203 (and (not (memq (car-safe x) | |
3204 '(cplx polar))) | |
3205 x))) | |
3206 res)) | |
3207 new-len (length res)) | |
3208 (if (< new-len old-len) | |
3209 (calc-record-why (if (= new-len 1) | |
3210 "*All solutions were complex" | |
3211 (format | |
3212 "*Omitted %d complex solutions" | |
3213 (- old-len new-len))))))) | |
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3214 res))))) |
40785 | 3215 |
3216 (defun math-solve-eqn (expr var full) | |
3217 (if (memq (car-safe expr) '(calcFunc-neq calcFunc-lt calcFunc-gt | |
3218 calcFunc-leq calcFunc-geq)) | |
3219 (let ((res (math-solve-for (cons '- (cdr expr)) | |
3220 0 var full | |
3221 (if (eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-neq) nil 1)))) | |
3222 (and res | |
3223 (if (eq math-solve-sign 1) | |
3224 (list (car expr) var res) | |
3225 (if (eq math-solve-sign -1) | |
3226 (list (car expr) res var) | |
3227 (or (eq (car expr) 'calcFunc-neq) | |
3228 (calc-record-why | |
3229 "*Can't determine direction of inequality")) | |
3230 (and (memq (car expr) '(calcFunc-neq calcFunc-lt calcFunc-gt)) | |
3231 (list 'calcFunc-neq var res)))))) | |
3232 (let ((res (math-solve-for expr 0 var full))) | |
3233 (and res | |
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3234 (list 'calcFunc-eq var res))))) |
40785 | 3235 |
3236 (defun math-reject-solution (expr var func) | |
3237 (if (math-expr-contains expr var) | |
3238 (or (equal (car calc-next-why) '(* "Unable to find a symbolic solution")) | |
3239 (calc-record-why "*Unable to find a solution"))) | |
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3240 (list func expr var)) |
40785 | 3241 |
3242 (defun calcFunc-solve (expr var) | |
3243 (or (if (or (Math-vectorp expr) (Math-vectorp var)) | |
3244 (math-solve-system expr var nil) | |
3245 (math-solve-eqn expr var nil)) | |
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3246 (math-reject-solution expr var 'calcFunc-solve))) |
40785 | 3247 |
3248 (defun calcFunc-fsolve (expr var) | |
3249 (or (if (or (Math-vectorp expr) (Math-vectorp var)) | |
3250 (math-solve-system expr var t) | |
3251 (math-solve-eqn expr var t)) | |
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3252 (math-reject-solution expr var 'calcFunc-fsolve))) |
40785 | 3253 |
3254 (defun calcFunc-roots (expr var) | |
3255 (let ((math-solve-ranges nil)) | |
3256 (or (if (or (Math-vectorp expr) (Math-vectorp var)) | |
3257 (math-solve-system expr var 'all) | |
3258 (math-solve-for expr 0 var 'all)) | |
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3259 (math-reject-solution expr var 'calcFunc-roots)))) |
40785 | 3260 |
3261 (defun calcFunc-finv (expr var) | |
3262 (let ((res (math-solve-for expr math-integ-var var nil))) | |
3263 (if res | |
3264 (math-normalize (math-expr-subst res math-integ-var var)) | |
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3265 (math-reject-solution expr var 'calcFunc-finv)))) |
40785 | 3266 |
3267 (defun calcFunc-ffinv (expr var) | |
3268 (let ((res (math-solve-for expr math-integ-var var t))) | |
3269 (if res | |
3270 (math-normalize (math-expr-subst res math-integ-var var)) | |
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3271 (math-reject-solution expr var 'calcFunc-finv)))) |
40785 | 3272 |
3273 | |
3274 (put 'calcFunc-inv 'math-inverse | |
3275 (function (lambda (x) (math-div 1 x)))) | |
3276 (put 'calcFunc-inv 'math-inverse-sign -1) | |
3277 | |
3278 (put 'calcFunc-sqrt 'math-inverse | |
3279 (function (lambda (x) (math-sqr x)))) | |
3280 | |
3281 (put 'calcFunc-conj 'math-inverse | |
3282 (function (lambda (x) (list 'calcFunc-conj x)))) | |
3283 | |
3284 (put 'calcFunc-abs 'math-inverse | |
3285 (function (lambda (x) (math-solve-get-sign x)))) | |
3286 | |
3287 (put 'calcFunc-deg 'math-inverse | |
3288 (function (lambda (x) (list 'calcFunc-rad x)))) | |
3289 (put 'calcFunc-deg 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3290 | |
3291 (put 'calcFunc-rad 'math-inverse | |
3292 (function (lambda (x) (list 'calcFunc-deg x)))) | |
3293 (put 'calcFunc-rad 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3294 | |
3295 (put 'calcFunc-ln 'math-inverse | |
3296 (function (lambda (x) (list 'calcFunc-exp x)))) | |
3297 (put 'calcFunc-ln 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3298 | |
3299 (put 'calcFunc-log10 'math-inverse | |
3300 (function (lambda (x) (list 'calcFunc-exp10 x)))) | |
3301 (put 'calcFunc-log10 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3302 | |
3303 (put 'calcFunc-lnp1 'math-inverse | |
3304 (function (lambda (x) (list 'calcFunc-expm1 x)))) | |
3305 (put 'calcFunc-lnp1 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3306 | |
3307 (put 'calcFunc-exp 'math-inverse | |
3308 (function (lambda (x) (math-add (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-ln x)) | |
3309 (math-mul 2 | |
3310 (math-mul '(var pi var-pi) | |
3311 (math-solve-get-int | |
3312 '(var i var-i)))))))) | |
3313 (put 'calcFunc-exp 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3314 | |
3315 (put 'calcFunc-expm1 'math-inverse | |
3316 (function (lambda (x) (math-add (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-lnp1 x)) | |
3317 (math-mul 2 | |
3318 (math-mul '(var pi var-pi) | |
3319 (math-solve-get-int | |
3320 '(var i var-i)))))))) | |
3321 (put 'calcFunc-expm1 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3322 | |
3323 (put 'calcFunc-sin 'math-inverse | |
3324 (function (lambda (x) (let ((n (math-solve-get-int 1))) | |
3325 (math-add (math-mul (math-normalize | |
3326 (list 'calcFunc-arcsin x)) | |
3327 (math-pow -1 n)) | |
3328 (math-mul (math-half-circle t) | |
3329 n)))))) | |
3330 | |
3331 (put 'calcFunc-cos 'math-inverse | |
3332 (function (lambda (x) (math-add (math-solve-get-sign | |
3333 (math-normalize | |
3334 (list 'calcFunc-arccos x))) | |
3335 (math-solve-get-int | |
3336 (math-full-circle t)))))) | |
3337 | |
3338 (put 'calcFunc-tan 'math-inverse | |
3339 (function (lambda (x) (math-add (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-arctan x)) | |
3340 (math-solve-get-int | |
3341 (math-half-circle t)))))) | |
3342 | |
3343 (put 'calcFunc-arcsin 'math-inverse | |
3344 (function (lambda (x) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sin x))))) | |
3345 | |
3346 (put 'calcFunc-arccos 'math-inverse | |
3347 (function (lambda (x) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-cos x))))) | |
3348 | |
3349 (put 'calcFunc-arctan 'math-inverse | |
3350 (function (lambda (x) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-tan x))))) | |
3351 | |
3352 (put 'calcFunc-sinh 'math-inverse | |
3353 (function (lambda (x) (let ((n (math-solve-get-int 1))) | |
3354 (math-add (math-mul (math-normalize | |
3355 (list 'calcFunc-arcsinh x)) | |
3356 (math-pow -1 n)) | |
3357 (math-mul (math-half-circle t) | |
3358 (math-mul | |
3359 '(var i var-i) | |
3360 n))))))) | |
3361 (put 'calcFunc-sinh 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3362 | |
3363 (put 'calcFunc-cosh 'math-inverse | |
3364 (function (lambda (x) (math-add (math-solve-get-sign | |
3365 (math-normalize | |
3366 (list 'calcFunc-arccosh x))) | |
3367 (math-mul (math-full-circle t) | |
3368 (math-solve-get-int | |
3369 '(var i var-i))))))) | |
3370 | |
3371 (put 'calcFunc-tanh 'math-inverse | |
3372 (function (lambda (x) (math-add (math-normalize | |
3373 (list 'calcFunc-arctanh x)) | |
3374 (math-mul (math-half-circle t) | |
3375 (math-solve-get-int | |
3376 '(var i var-i))))))) | |
3377 (put 'calcFunc-tanh 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3378 | |
3379 (put 'calcFunc-arcsinh 'math-inverse | |
3380 (function (lambda (x) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-sinh x))))) | |
3381 (put 'calcFunc-arcsinh 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3382 | |
3383 (put 'calcFunc-arccosh 'math-inverse | |
3384 (function (lambda (x) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-cosh x))))) | |
3385 | |
3386 (put 'calcFunc-arctanh 'math-inverse | |
3387 (function (lambda (x) (math-normalize (list 'calcFunc-tanh x))))) | |
3388 (put 'calcFunc-arctanh 'math-inverse-sign 1) | |
3389 | |
3390 | |
3391 | |
3392 (defun calcFunc-taylor (expr var num) | |
3393 (let ((x0 0) (v var)) | |
3394 (if (memq (car-safe var) '(+ - calcFunc-eq)) | |
3395 (setq x0 (if (eq (car var) '+) (math-neg (nth 2 var)) (nth 2 var)) | |
3396 v (nth 1 var))) | |
3397 (or (and (eq (car-safe v) 'var) | |
3398 (math-expr-contains expr v) | |
3399 (natnump num) | |
3400 (let ((accum (math-expr-subst expr v x0)) | |
3401 (var2 (if (eq (car var) 'calcFunc-eq) | |
3402 (cons '- (cdr var)) | |
3403 var)) | |
3404 (n 0) | |
3405 (nfac 1) | |
3406 (fprime expr)) | |
3407 (while (and (<= (setq n (1+ n)) num) | |
3408 (setq fprime (calcFunc-deriv fprime v nil t))) | |
3409 (setq fprime (math-simplify fprime) | |
3410 nfac (math-mul nfac n) | |
3411 accum (math-add accum | |
3412 (math-div (math-mul (math-pow var2 n) | |
3413 (math-expr-subst | |
3414 fprime v x0)) | |
3415 nfac)))) | |
3416 (and fprime | |
3417 (math-normalize accum)))) | |
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3418 (list 'calcFunc-taylor expr var num)))) |
40785 | 3419 |
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|
3420 ;;; calcalg2.el ends here |