Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/emacs.1 @ 81869:d61dfaecdda7
(Handling Errors): Document `debug' in handler list.
author | Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org> |
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date | Sat, 14 Jul 2007 18:34:17 +0000 |
parents | ab07b2466b71 |
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rev | line source |
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1 '\" t |
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2 .\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, |
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3 .\" 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
36223 | 4 .\" |
5 .\" This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
6 .\" | |
7 .\" GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
8 .\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
9 .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) | |
10 .\" any later version. | |
11 .\" | |
12 .\" GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
13 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
14 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
15 .\" GNU General Public License for more details. | |
16 .\" | |
17 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
18 .\" along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the | |
64083 | 19 .\" Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, |
20 .\" Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
36223 | 21 .\" |
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22 '\" t |
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23 .TH EMACS 1 "2007 April 13" "GNU Emacs 22.1" |
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24 . |
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25 . |
25852 | 26 .SH NAME |
27 emacs \- GNU project Emacs | |
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28 . |
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29 . |
25852 | 30 .SH SYNOPSIS |
31 .B emacs | |
32 [ | |
33 .I command-line switches | |
34 ] [ | |
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35 .I files ...\& |
25852 | 36 ] |
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37 . |
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38 . |
25852 | 39 .SH DESCRIPTION |
40 .I GNU Emacs | |
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41 is a version of |
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42 .IR Emacs , |
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43 written by the author of the original (PDP-10) |
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44 .IR Emacs , |
25852 | 45 Richard Stallman. |
46 .br | |
47 The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual, | |
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48 which you can read using Info, either from Emacs or as a standalone |
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49 program. |
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50 Please look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. |
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51 This man page is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the |
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52 Emacs maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time |
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53 this man page takes away from other more useful projects. |
25852 | 54 .br |
55 The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses | |
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56 everything other |
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57 .I Emacs |
25852 | 58 editors do, and it is easily extensible since its |
59 editing commands are written in Lisp. | |
60 .PP | |
61 .I Emacs | |
62 has an extensive interactive help facility, | |
63 but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate | |
64 .I Emacs | |
65 windows and buffers. | |
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66 CTRL-h or F1 enters the Help facility. |
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67 Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) starts an interactive tutorial which can |
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68 teach beginners the fundamentals of |
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69 .I Emacs |
25852 | 70 in a few minutes. |
71 Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you | |
72 find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c) | |
73 describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f) | |
74 describes a given Lisp function specified by name. | |
75 .PP | |
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76 .IR Emacs 's |
25852 | 77 Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is |
78 easy to recover from editing mistakes. | |
79 .PP | |
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80 .IR "GNU Emacs" 's |
25852 | 81 many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail), |
82 outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells | |
83 within | |
84 .I Emacs | |
85 windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop | |
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86 (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), automated psychotherapy (Doctor), and much more. |
25852 | 87 .PP |
88 There is an extensive reference manual, but | |
89 users of other Emacses | |
90 should have little trouble adapting even | |
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91 without a copy. |
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92 Users new to |
25852 | 93 .I Emacs |
94 will be able | |
95 to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and | |
96 using the self-documentation features. | |
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97 . |
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98 .SS Emacs Options |
25852 | 99 The following options are of general interest: |
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100 .RS |
25852 | 101 .TP 8 |
102 .I file | |
103 Edit | |
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104 .IR file . |
25852 | 105 .TP |
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106 .BI \-\-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-find-file " file\fR,\fP " \-\-visit " file" |
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107 The same as specifying |
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108 .I file |
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109 directly as an argument. |
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110 .TP |
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111 .BI + number |
25852 | 112 Go to the line specified by |
113 .I number | |
114 (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and | |
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115 the number). |
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116 This applies only to the next file specified. |
25852 | 117 .TP |
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118 .BI + line:column |
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119 Go to the specified |
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120 .I line |
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121 and |
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122 .IR column . |
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123 .TP |
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124 .BR \-q ", " \-\-no\-init\-file |
25852 | 125 Do not load an init file. |
126 .TP | |
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127 .B \-\-no\-site\-file |
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128 Do not load the site-wide startup file. |
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129 .TP |
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130 .B \-\-no\-desktop |
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131 Do not load a saved desktop. |
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132 .TP |
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133 .BR \-nl ", " \-\-no\-shared\-memory |
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134 Do not use shared memory. |
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135 .TP |
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136 .BR \-Q ", " \-\-quick |
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137 Equivalent to "\-q \-\-no\-site\-file \-\-no\-splash". |
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138 .TP |
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139 .B \-\-no\-splash |
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140 Do not display a splash screen during start-up. |
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141 .TP |
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142 .B \-\-debug\-init |
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143 Enable |
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144 .I Emacs |
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145 Lisp debugger during the processing of the user init file |
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146 .BR ~/.emacs . |
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147 This is useful for debugging problems in the init file. |
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148 .TP |
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149 .BI \-u " user\fR,\fP " \-\-user " user" |
25852 | 150 Load |
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151 .IR user 's |
25852 | 152 init file. |
153 .TP | |
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154 .BI \-t " file\fR,\fP " \-\-terminal " file" |
25852 | 155 Use specified |
156 .I file | |
157 as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout. | |
158 This must be the first argument specified in the command line. | |
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159 .TP |
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160 .BR \-\-multibyte ", " \-\-no-unibyte |
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161 Enable multibyte mode (enabled by default). |
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162 .TP |
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163 .BR \-\-unibyte ", " \-\-no-multibyte |
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164 Enable unibyte mode. |
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165 .TP |
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166 .B \-\-version |
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167 Display |
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168 .I Emacs |
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169 version information and exit. |
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170 .TP |
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171 .B \-\-help |
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172 Display this help and exit. |
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173 .RE |
25852 | 174 .PP |
175 The following options are lisp-oriented | |
176 (these options are processed in the order encountered): | |
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177 .RS |
25852 | 178 .TP 8 |
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179 .BI \-f " function\fR,\fP " \-\-funcall " function" |
25852 | 180 Execute the lisp function |
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181 .IR function . |
25852 | 182 .TP |
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183 .BI \-l " file\fR,\fP " \-\-load " file" |
25852 | 184 Load the lisp code in the file |
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185 .IR file . |
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186 .TP |
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187 .BI \-\-eval " expr\fR,\fP " \-\-execute " expr" |
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188 Evaluate the Lisp expression |
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189 .IR expr . |
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190 .RE |
25852 | 191 .PP |
192 The following options are useful when running | |
193 .I Emacs | |
194 as a batch editor: | |
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195 .RS |
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197 .B \-\-batch |
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198 Edit in batch mode. |
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199 The editor will send messages to stderr. |
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200 This option must be the first in the argument list. |
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201 You must use \-l and \-f options to specify files to execute |
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202 and functions to call. |
25852 | 203 .TP |
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204 .BI \-\-script " file" |
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205 Run |
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206 .I file |
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207 as an Emacs Lisp script. |
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208 .TP |
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209 .BI \-\-insert " file" |
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210 Insert contents of |
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211 .I file |
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212 into the current buffer. |
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213 .TP |
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214 .B \-\-kill |
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215 Exit |
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216 .I Emacs |
25852 | 217 while in batch mode. |
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218 .TP |
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219 .BI \-L " dir\fR,\fP " \-\-directory " dir" |
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220 Add |
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221 .I dir |
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222 to the list of directories |
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223 .I Emacs |
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224 searches for Lisp files. |
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225 .RE |
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226 . |
25852 | 227 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
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228 .SS Using Emacs with X |
25852 | 229 .I Emacs |
230 has been tailored to work well with the X window system. | |
231 If you run | |
232 .I Emacs | |
233 from under X windows, it will create its own X window to | |
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234 display in. |
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235 You will probably want to start the editor as a background |
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236 process so that you can continue using your original window. |
25852 | 237 .PP |
238 .I Emacs | |
239 can be started with the following X switches: | |
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240 .RS |
25852 | 241 .TP 8 |
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242 .BI \-\-name " name" |
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243 Specify the name which should be assigned to the initial |
25852 | 244 .I Emacs |
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245 window. |
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246 This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title. |
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247 .TP |
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248 .BI \-T " name\fR,\fP " \-\-title " name" |
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249 Specify the title for the initial X window. |
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250 .TP |
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251 .BR \-r ", " \-rv ", " \-\-reverse\-video |
25852 | 252 Display the |
253 .I Emacs | |
254 window in reverse video. | |
255 .TP | |
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256 .BI \-fn " font\fR,\fP " \-\-font " font" |
25852 | 257 Set the |
258 .I Emacs | |
259 window's font to that specified by | |
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260 .IR font . |
25852 | 261 You will find the various |
262 .I X | |
263 fonts in the | |
264 .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts | |
265 directory. | |
266 Note that | |
267 .I Emacs | |
268 will only accept fixed width fonts. | |
269 Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the | |
270 value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed | |
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271 width font. |
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272 Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form |
25852 | 273 .IR width x height |
274 are generally fixed width, as is the font | |
275 .IR fixed . | |
276 See | |
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277 .BR xlsfonts (1) |
25852 | 278 for more information. |
279 | |
280 When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the | |
281 switch and the font name. | |
282 .TP | |
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283 .BI \-\-xrm " resources" |
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284 Set additional X resources. |
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285 .TP |
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286 .BI "\-\-color\fR,\fP \-\-color=" mode |
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287 Override color mode for character terminals; |
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288 .I mode |
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289 defaults to `auto', and can also be `never', `auto', `always', |
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290 or a mode name like `ansi8'. |
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291 .TP |
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292 .BI \-bw " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-width " pixels" |
25852 | 293 Set the |
294 .I Emacs | |
295 window's border width to the number of pixels specified by | |
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296 .IR pixels . |
25852 | 297 Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window. |
298 .TP | |
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299 .BI \-ib " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-internal\-border " pixels" |
25852 | 300 Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified |
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301 by |
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302 .IR pixels . |
25852 | 303 Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window. |
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304 .TP |
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305 .BI \-g " geometry\fR,\fP " \-\-geometry " geometry" |
25852 | 306 Set the |
307 .I Emacs | |
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308 window's width, height, and position as specified. |
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309 The geometry specification is in the standard X format; see |
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310 .BR X (7) |
25852 | 311 for more information. |
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312 The width and height are specified in characters; the default is |
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313 80 by 24. |
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314 See the Emacs manual, section "Options for Window Size and Position", |
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315 for information on how window sizes interact |
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316 with selecting or deselecting the tool bar and menu bar. |
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317 .TP |
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318 .BI \-lsp " pixels\fR,\fP " \-\-line\-spacing " pixels" |
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319 Additional space to put between lines. |
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320 .TP |
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321 .BR \-vb ", " \-\-vertical\-scroll\-bars |
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322 Enable vertical scrollbars. |
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323 .TP |
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324 .BR \-fh ", " \-\-fullheight |
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325 Make the first frame as high as the screen. |
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326 .TP |
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327 .BR \-fs ", " \-\-fullscreen |
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328 Make the first frame fullscreen. |
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329 .TP |
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330 .BR \-fw ", " \-\-fullwidth |
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331 Make the first frame as wide as the screen. |
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332 .TP |
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333 .BI \-fg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-foreground\-color " color" |
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334 On color displays, set the color of the text. |
25852 | 335 |
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336 Use the command |
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337 .I M\-x list\-colors\-display |
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338 for a list of valid color names. |
25852 | 339 .TP |
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340 .BI \-bg " color\fR,\fP " \-\-background\-color " color" |
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341 On color displays, set the color of the window's background. |
25852 | 342 .TP |
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343 .BI \-bd " color\fR,\fP " \-\-border\-color " color" |
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344 On color displays, set the color of the window's border. |
25852 | 345 .TP |
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346 .BI \-cr " color\fR,\fP " \-\-cursor\-color " color" |
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347 On color displays, set the color of the window's text cursor. |
25852 | 348 .TP |
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349 .BI \-ms " color\fR,\fP " \-\-mouse\-color " color" |
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350 On color displays, set the color of the window's mouse cursor. |
25852 | 351 .TP |
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352 .BI \-d " displayname\fR,\fP " \-\-display " displayname" |
25852 | 353 Create the |
354 .I Emacs | |
355 window on the display specified by | |
356 .IR displayname . | |
357 Must be the first option specified in the command line. | |
358 .TP | |
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359 .BR \-nbi ", " \-\-no\-bitmap\-icon |
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360 Do not use picture of gnu for Emacs icon. |
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361 .TP |
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362 .B \-\-iconic |
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363 Start |
25852 | 364 .I Emacs |
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365 in iconified state. |
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366 .TP |
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367 .BR \-nbc ", " \-\-no\-blinking\-cursor |
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368 Disable blinking cursor. |
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369 .TP |
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370 .BR \-nw ", " \-\-no\-window\-system |
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371 Tell |
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372 .I Emacs |
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373 not to use its special interface to X. |
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374 If you use this switch when invoking |
25852 | 375 .I Emacs |
376 from an | |
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377 .BR xterm (1) |
25852 | 378 window, display is done in that window. |
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379 .TP |
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380 .BR \-D ", " \-\-basic\-display |
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381 This option disables many display features; use it for |
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382 debugging Emacs. |
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383 .RE |
25852 | 384 .PP |
385 You can set | |
386 .I X | |
387 default values for your | |
388 .I Emacs | |
389 windows in your | |
390 .I \.Xresources | |
391 file (see | |
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392 .BR xrdb (1)). |
25852 | 393 Use the following format: |
394 .IP | |
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395 .RI emacs. keyword : value |
25852 | 396 .PP |
397 where | |
398 .I value | |
399 specifies the default value of | |
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400 .IR keyword . |
25852 | 401 .I Emacs |
402 lets you set default values for the following keywords: | |
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403 .RS |
25852 | 404 .TP 8 |
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405 .BR background " (class " Background ) |
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406 For color displays, |
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407 sets the window's background color. |
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408 .TP |
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409 .BR bitmapIcon " (class " BitmapIcon ) |
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410 If |
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411 .BR bitmapIcon 's |
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412 value is set to |
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413 .IR on , |
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414 the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink." |
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415 .TP |
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416 .BR borderColor " (class " BorderColor ) |
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417 For color displays, |
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418 sets the color of the window's border. |
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419 .TP |
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420 .BR borderWidth " (class " BorderWidth ) |
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421 Sets the window's border width in pixels. |
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422 .TP |
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423 .BR cursorColor " (class " Foreground ) |
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424 For color displays, |
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425 sets the color of the window's text cursor. |
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426 .TP |
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427 .BR cursorBlink " (class " CursorBlink ) |
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428 Specifies whether to make the cursor blink. |
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429 The default is |
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430 .IR on . |
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|
431 Use |
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432 .I off |
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433 or |
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434 .I false |
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435 to turn cursor blinking off. |
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436 .TP |
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437 .BR font " (class " Font ) |
25852 | 438 Sets the window's text font. |
439 .TP | |
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440 .BR foreground " (class " Foreground ) |
25852 | 441 For color displays, |
442 sets the window's text color. | |
443 .TP | |
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444 .BR fullscreen " (class " Fullscreen ) |
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445 The desired fullscreen size. |
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446 The value can be one of |
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447 .IR fullboth , |
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448 .IR fullwidth , |
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449 or |
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450 .IR fullheight , |
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451 which correspond to the command-line options `\-fs', `\-fw', and |
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452 `\-fh', respectively. |
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453 Note that this applies to the initial frame only. |
25852 | 454 .TP |
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455 .BR geometry " (class " Geometry ) |
25852 | 456 Sets the geometry of the |
457 .I Emacs | |
458 window (as described above). | |
459 .TP | |
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460 .BR iconName " (class " Title ) |
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461 Sets the icon name for the |
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462 .I Emacs |
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463 window icon. |
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464 .TP |
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465 .BR internalBorder " (class " BorderWidth ) |
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466 Sets the window's internal border width in pixels. |
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467 .TP |
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468 .BR lineSpacing " (class " LineSpacing ) |
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469 Additional space ("leading") between lines, in pixels. |
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470 .TP |
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471 .BR menuBar " (class " MenuBar ) |
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472 Gives frames menu bars if |
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473 .IR on ; |
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474 don't have menu bars if |
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475 .IR off . |
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476 See the Emacs manual, sections "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif |
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477 Resources", for how to control the appearance of the menu bar |
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478 if you have one. |
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479 .TP |
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480 .BR minibuffer " (class " Minibuffer ) |
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481 If |
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482 .IR none , |
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483 don't make a minibuffer in this frame. |
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484 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. |
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485 .TP |
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486 .BR paneFont " (class " Font ) |
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487 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of |
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488 .IR Emacs . |
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489 .TP |
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490 .BR pointerColor " (class " Foreground ) |
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491 For color displays, |
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492 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor. |
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493 .TP |
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494 .BR privateColormap " (class " PrivateColormap ) |
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495 If |
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496 .IR on , |
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497 use a private color map, in the case where the "default |
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498 visual" of class |
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499 .B PseudoColor |
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500 and |
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501 .B Emacs |
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502 is using it. |
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503 .TP |
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504 .BR reverseVideo " (class " ReverseVideo ) |
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505 If |
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506 .BR reverseVideo 's |
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507 value is set to |
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508 .IR on , |
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509 the window will be displayed in reverse video. |
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510 .TP |
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511 .BR screenGamma " (class "ScreenGamma ) |
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512 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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513 `screen\-gamma'. |
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514 .TP |
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515 .BR scrollBarWidth " (class "ScrollBarWidth ) |
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516 The scroll bar width in pixels, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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517 `scroll\-bar\-width'. |
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518 .TP |
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519 .BR selectionFont " (class " SelectionFont ) |
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520 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of |
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521 .IR Emacs . |
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522 (For toolkit versions, see the Emacs manual, sections |
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523 "Lucid Resources" and "LessTif Resources".) |
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524 .TP |
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525 .BR selectionTimeout " (class " SelectionTimeout ) |
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526 Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. |
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527 A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. |
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528 .TP |
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529 .BR synchronous " (class " Synchronous ) |
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530 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if |
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531 .IR on . |
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532 Synchronous mode is useful for debugging X problems. |
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533 .TP |
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534 .BR title " (class " Title ) |
25852 | 535 Sets the title of the |
536 .I Emacs | |
537 window. | |
538 .TP | |
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539 .BR toolBar " (class " ToolBar ) |
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540 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. |
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541 .TP |
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542 .BR useXIM " (class " UseXIM ) |
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543 Turns off use of X input methods (XIM) if |
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544 .I false |
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|
545 or |
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|
546 .IR off . |
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|
547 .TP |
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|
548 .BR verticalScrollBars " (class " ScrollBars ) |
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549 Gives frames scroll bars if |
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* emacs.1: Completely revised.
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|
550 .IR on ; |
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|
551 suppresses scroll bars if |
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|
552 .IR off . |
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|
553 .TP |
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|
554 .BR visualClass " (class " VisualClass ) |
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|
555 Specify the "visual" that X should use. |
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|
556 This tells X how to handle colors. |
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|
557 The value should start with one of |
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|
558 .IR TrueColor , |
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|
559 .IR PseudoColor , |
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|
560 .IR DirectColor , |
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|
561 .IR StaticColor , |
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|
562 .IR GrayScale , |
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|
563 and |
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|
564 .IR StaticGray , |
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|
565 followed by |
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|
566 .BI \- depth\fR,\fP |
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|
567 where |
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|
568 .I depth |
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|
569 is the number of color planes. |
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570 .RE |
25852 | 571 .PP |
572 If you try to set color values while using a black and white display, | |
573 the window's characteristics will default as follows: | |
574 the foreground color will be set to black, | |
575 the background color will be set to white, | |
576 the border color will be set to grey, | |
577 and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black. | |
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|
578 . |
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579 .SS Using the Mouse |
25852 | 580 .PP |
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581 The following lists some of the mouse button bindings for the |
25852 | 582 .I Emacs |
583 window under X11. | |
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|
584 . |
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|
585 .RS |
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586 .TS |
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|
587 l l |
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588 - - |
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589 l l. |
25852 | 590 MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION |
591 left Set point. | |
592 middle Paste text. | |
593 right Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
594 SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer. | |
595 SHIFT-right Paste text. | |
596 CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it. | |
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597 CTRL-right T{ |
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598 Select this window, then split it into two windows. |
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599 Same as typing CTRL\-x 2. |
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600 T} |
25852 | 601 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
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602 CTRL-SHIFT-left T{ |
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603 X buffer menu \(em hold the buttons and keys |
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|
604 down, wait for menu to appear, select buffer, and release. |
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605 Move mouse out of menu and release to cancel. |
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|
606 T} |
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607 CTRL-SHIFT-middle T{ |
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|
608 X help menu \(em pop up index card menu for Emacs help. |
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609 T} |
25852 | 610 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS |
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|
611 CTRL-SHIFT-right T{ |
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612 Select window with mouse, and delete all other windows. |
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613 Same as typing CTRL\-x 1. |
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614 T} |
25852 | 615 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X |
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616 .TE |
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617 .RE |
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|
618 . |
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619 . |
25852 | 620 .SH MANUALS |
621 You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free | |
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622 Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. |
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623 See the file ORDERS for ordering information. |
25852 | 624 .br |
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625 Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. |
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626 As with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted |
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627 to make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. |
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628 The TeX source to the manual is also included in the Emacs source |
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629 distribution. |
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|
630 . |
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631 . |
25852 | 632 .SH FILES |
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633 /usr/local/share/info \(em files for the Info documentation browser. |
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634 The complete text of the Emacs reference manual is included in a |
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|
635 convenient tree structured form. |
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636 Also includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual, useful to anyone |
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637 wishing to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language. |
25852 | 638 |
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639 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp \(em Lisp source files and |
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640 compiled files that define most editing commands. |
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641 Some are preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when |
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642 used. |
49600
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Trailing whitespace deleted.
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643 |
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|
644 /usr/local/libexec/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCH \(em various programs that are |
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645 used with GNU Emacs. |
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646 |
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647 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc \(em various files of information. |
25852 | 648 |
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649 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* \(em contains the documentation |
25852 | 650 strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions |
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651 of GNU Emacs. |
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652 They are stored here to reduce the size of Emacs proper. |
25852 | 653 |
654 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering | |
655 various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education, | |
656 troubleshooting, porting and customization. | |
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657 . |
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658 . |
25852 | 659 .SH BUGS |
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660 There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, for reporting Emacs |
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661 bugs and fixes. |
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662 But before reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that |
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663 it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate feature. |
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664 We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs Bugs'' near the |
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665 end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints on how and |
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666 when to report bugs. |
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667 Also, include the version number of the Emacs you are running in |
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668 \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in. |
25852 | 669 |
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670 Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. |
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671 The purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone |
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672 in the next release, if possible. |
25852 | 673 For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for |
674 a list of people who offer it. | |
675 | |
676 Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list. | |
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677 For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the |
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678 file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. |
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679 Bugs tend actually to be fixed if they can be isolated, so it is |
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680 in your interest to report them in such a way that they can be |
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681 easily reproduced. |
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682 . |
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683 . |
25852 | 684 .SH UNRESTRICTIONS |
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685 .I Emacs |
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686 is free; anyone may redistribute copies of |
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687 .I Emacs |
25852 | 688 to |
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689 anyone under the terms stated in the |
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690 .I Emacs |
25852 | 691 General Public License, |
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692 a copy of which accompanies each copy of |
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693 .I Emacs |
25852 | 694 and which also |
695 appears in the reference manual. | |
696 .PP | |
697 Copies of | |
698 .I Emacs | |
699 may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems, | |
700 but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those | |
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701 systems. |
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702 Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is permitted. |
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703 In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public License is to |
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704 prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions to |
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705 redistribution of |
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706 .IR Emacs . |
25852 | 707 .PP |
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708 Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend |
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709 .IR Emacs , |
25852 | 710 and urges that |
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711 you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. |
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712 Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement |
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713 for Unix. |
25852 | 714 Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system. |
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715 . |
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716 . |
25852 | 717 .SH SEE ALSO |
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718 .BR emacsclient (1), |
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719 .BR etags (1), |
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720 .BR X (7), |
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721 .BR xlsfonts (1), |
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722 .BR xterm (1), |
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723 .BR xrdb (1) |
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724 . |
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725 . |
25852 | 726 .SH AUTHORS |
727 .I Emacs | |
728 was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation. | |
729 Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features. | |
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730 . |
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731 . |
37455 | 732 .SH COPYING |
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733 Copyright |
37455 | 734 .if t \(co |
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735 .if n (C) |
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736 1995, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, |
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737 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
37455 | 738 .PP |
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739 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this |
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740 document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are |
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741 preserved on all copies. |
37455 | 742 .PP |
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743 Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of |
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744 this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that |
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745 the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of |
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746 a permission notice identical to this one. |
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747 .PP |
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748 Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this |
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749 document into another language, under the above conditions for |
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750 modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated |
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751 in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. |
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752 . |
52401 | 753 .\" arch-tag: 04dfd376-b46e-4924-919a-cecc3b257eaa |