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31301 | 1 @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 @node GNU Free Documentation License, Command Arguments, Copying, Top |
31301 | 3 @appendix GNU Free Documentation License |
4 @center Version 1.1, March 2000 | |
5 | |
6 @display | |
7 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
8 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
9 | |
10 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
11 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
12 @end display | |
13 @sp 1 | |
14 @enumerate 0 | |
15 @item | |
16 PREAMBLE | |
17 | |
18 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
19 written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone | |
20 the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without | |
21 modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, | |
22 this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get | |
23 credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for | |
24 modifications made by others. | |
25 | |
26 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | |
27 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
28 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
29 license designed for free software. | |
30 | |
31 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
32 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
33 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
34 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
35 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
36 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
37 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
38 | |
39 @sp 1 | |
40 @item | |
41 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
42 | |
43 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a | |
44 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed | |
45 under the terms of this License. The ``Document'', below, refers to any | |
46 such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is | |
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47 addressed as ``you.'' |
31301 | 48 |
49 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
50 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
51 modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
52 | |
53 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
54 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
55 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
56 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
57 within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a | |
58 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any | |
59 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
60 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
61 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
62 them. | |
63 | |
64 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
65 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
66 that says that the Document is released under this License. | |
67 | |
68 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
69 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
70 the Document is released under this License. | |
71 | |
72 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
73 represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
74 general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and | |
75 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
76 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
77 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
78 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
79 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
80 format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage | |
81 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is | |
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82 not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.'' |
31301 | 83 |
84 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
85 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
86 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
87 HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include | |
88 PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only | |
89 by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
90 processing tools are not generally available, and the | |
91 machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output | |
92 purposes only. | |
93 | |
94 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
95 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
96 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
97 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
98 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
99 preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
100 @sp 1 | |
101 @item | |
102 VERBATIM COPYING | |
103 | |
104 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
105 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
106 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
107 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
108 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
109 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
110 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
111 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
112 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
113 | |
114 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
115 you may publicly display copies. | |
116 @sp 1 | |
117 @item | |
118 COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
119 | |
120 If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, | |
121 and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose | |
122 the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
123 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
124 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
125 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
126 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
127 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
128 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
129 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
130 as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
131 | |
132 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
133 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
134 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
135 pages. | |
136 | |
137 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
138 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
139 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
140 a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete | |
141 Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the | |
142 general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no | |
143 charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter | |
144 option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin | |
145 distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this | |
146 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location | |
147 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque | |
148 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to | |
149 the public. | |
150 | |
151 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
152 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
153 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
154 @sp 1 | |
155 @item | |
156 MODIFICATIONS | |
157 | |
158 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
159 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
160 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
161 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
162 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
163 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
164 | |
165 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
166 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
167 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
168 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
169 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@* | |
170 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
171 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
172 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
173 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).@* | |
174 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
175 Modified Version, as the publisher.@* | |
176 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@* | |
177 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
178 adjacent to the other copyright notices.@* | |
179 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
180 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
181 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@* | |
182 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
183 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@* | |
184 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@* | |
185 I. Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to | |
186 it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
187 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
188 there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one | |
189 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
190 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
191 Version as stated in the previous sentence.@* | |
192 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
193 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
194 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
195 it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
196 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
197 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
198 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@* | |
199 K. In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', | |
200 preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the | |
201 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
202 and/or dedications given therein.@* | |
203 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
204 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
205 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@* | |
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206 M. Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements.'' Such a section |
31301 | 207 may not be included in the Modified Version.@* |
208 N. Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements'' | |
209 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@* | |
210 @sp 1 | |
211 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
212 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
213 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
214 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
215 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
216 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
217 | |
218 You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains | |
219 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
220 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
221 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
222 standard. | |
223 | |
224 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
225 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
226 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
227 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
228 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
229 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
230 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
231 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
232 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
233 | |
234 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
235 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
236 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
237 @sp 1 | |
238 @item | |
239 COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
240 | |
241 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
242 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
243 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
244 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
245 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
246 license notice. | |
247 | |
248 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
249 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
250 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
251 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
252 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
253 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
254 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
255 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
256 | |
257 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History'' | |
258 in the various original documents, forming one section entitled | |
259 ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
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260 and any sections entitled ``Dedications.'' You must delete all sections |
31301 | 261 entitled ``Endorsements.'' |
262 @sp 1 | |
263 @item | |
264 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
265 | |
266 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
267 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
268 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
269 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
270 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
271 | |
272 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
273 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
274 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
275 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
276 @sp 1 | |
277 @item | |
278 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
279 | |
280 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
281 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
282 distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version | |
283 of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the | |
284 compilation. Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this | |
285 License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled | |
286 with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they | |
287 are not themselves derivative works of the Document. | |
288 | |
289 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
290 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter | |
291 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
292 covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. | |
293 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. | |
294 @sp 1 | |
295 @item | |
296 TRANSLATION | |
297 | |
298 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
299 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
300 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
301 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
302 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
303 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
304 translation of this License provided that you also include the | |
305 original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement | |
306 between the translation and the original English version of this | |
307 License, the original English version will prevail. | |
308 @sp 1 | |
309 @item | |
310 TERMINATION | |
311 | |
312 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
313 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
314 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
315 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
316 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
317 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
318 parties remain in full compliance. | |
319 @sp 1 | |
320 @item | |
321 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
322 | |
323 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
324 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
325 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
326 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
327 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
328 | |
329 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
330 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
331 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
332 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
333 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
334 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
335 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
336 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
337 | |
338 @end enumerate | |
339 | |
340 @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
341 | |
342 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
343 the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
344 license notices just after the title page: | |
345 | |
346 @smallexample | |
347 @group | |
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348 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. |
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349 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
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350 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 |
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351 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
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352 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the |
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353 Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}. |
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354 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
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355 Free Documentation License." |
31301 | 356 @end group |
357 @end smallexample | |
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358 |
31301 | 359 If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections'' |
360 instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no | |
361 Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of | |
362 ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. | |
363 | |
364 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
365 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
366 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
367 to permit their use in free software. | |
52401 | 368 |
369 @ignore | |
370 arch-tag: c1679162-1d8a-4f02-bc52-2e71765f0165 | |
371 @end ignore |