annotate etc/fr-refcard.tex @ 75618:d75435a2e621

(dired-do-relsymlink): Add an autoload cookie.
author Eli Zaretskii <eliz@gnu.org>
date Fri, 02 Feb 2007 18:27:09 +0000
parents ce8275d968c3
children 0d6100214921 95d0cdf160ea
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1 % Reference Card for GNU Emacs version 22 on Unix systems
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2 %**start of header
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3 \newcount\columnsperpage
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4 \newcount\letterpaper
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5
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6 % This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
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7 % Specify how many you want here.
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8
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9 \columnsperpage=3
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10
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11 % Set letterpaper to 0 for A4 paper, 1 for letter (US) paper. Useful
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12 % only when columnsperpage is 2 or 3.
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13
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14 \letterpaper=1
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15
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16 % Nothing else needs to be changed below this line.
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17 % Copyright (C) 1987, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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18 % 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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19
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20 % This file is part of GNU Emacs.
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21
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22 % GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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23 % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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24 % the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
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25 % any later version.
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26
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27 % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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28 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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29 % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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30 % GNU General Public License for more details.
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31
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32 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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33 % along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
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34 % the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
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35 % Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
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36
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37 % This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
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38 %
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39 % The final reference card has six columns, three on each side.
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40 % This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways:
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41 % 1 column per page
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42 % produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%.
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43 % This gives the best resolution.
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44 % 2 columns per page
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45 % produces three already-reduced pages.
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46 % You will still need to cut and paste.
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47 % 3 columns per page
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48 % produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a
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49 % ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card.
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50 % For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
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51 % Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above.
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52 %
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53 % To compile and print this document:
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54 % tex fr-refcard.tex
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55 % dvips -t landscape fr-refcard.dvi
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56 %
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57
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58 % Author:
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59 % Stephen Gildea
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60 % Internet: gildea@stop.mail-abuse.org
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61 %
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62 % Thanks to Paul Rubin, Bob Chassell, Len Tower, and Richard Mlynarik
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63 % for their many good ideas.
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64
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65 % If there were room, it would be nice to see a section on Dired.
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66
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67 \def\versionnumber{2.3}
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68 \def\versionemacs{22}
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69 \def\versionyear{2006} % latest update
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70 \def\year{2007} % latest copyright year
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71
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72 \def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
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73 \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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74 Permissions au dos. v\versionnumber}}
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75
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76 \def\copyrightnotice{
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77 \vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
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78 \centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
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79 \centerline{v\versionnumber{} pour GNU Emacs version \versionemacs,
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80 \versionyear}
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81 \centerline{conception de Stephen Gildea}
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82 \centerline{traduction fran\c{c}aise d'\'Eric Jacoboni}
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83
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84 Vous pouvez faire et distribuer des copies de cette carte, pourvu que
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85 la note de copyright et cette note de permission soient conserv\'ees sur
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86 toutes les copies.
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87
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88 Pour les copies du manuel GNU Emacs, \'ecrivez \`a la Free Software
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89 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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90
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91 \endgroup}
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92
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93 % make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
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94 % can be scanned without complaint.
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95 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
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96
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97 \newdimen\intercolumnskip %horizontal space between columns
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98 \newbox\columna %boxes to hold columns already built
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99 \newbox\columnb
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100
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101 \def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}
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102
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103 \message{[\ncolumns\space
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104 column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}
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105
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106 \def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}
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107
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108 % This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea October 1986.
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109 % Note that the 1-column format is fontfamily-independent.
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110 \if 1\ncolumns %one-column format uses normal size
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111 \hsize 4in
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112 \vsize 10in
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113 \voffset -.7in
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114 \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
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115 \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
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116 \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
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117 \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy
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118
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119 \footline{\hss\folio}
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120 \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
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121 \else %2 or 3 columns uses prereduced size
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122 \hsize 3.2in
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123 \vsize 7.95in
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124 \if 1\the\letterpaper
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125 \vsize 7.95in
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126 \else
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127 \vsize 7.65in
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128 \fi
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129 \hoffset -.75in
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130 \voffset -.745in
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131 \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
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132 \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
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133 \font\smallfont=cmr6
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134 \font\smallsy=cmsy6
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135 \font\eightrm=cmr8
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136 \font\eightbf=cmbx8
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137 \font\eightit=cmti8
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138 \font\eighttt=cmtt8
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139 \font\eightmi=cmmi8
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140 \font\eightsy=cmsy8
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141 \textfont0=\eightrm
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142 \textfont1=\eightmi
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143 \textfont2=\eightsy
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144 \def\rm{\eightrm}
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145 \def\bf{\eightbf}
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146 \def\it{\eightit}
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147 \def\tt{\eighttt}
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148 \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
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149 \if 1\the\letterpaper
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150 \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
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151 \else
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152 \normalbaselineskip=.7\normalbaselineskip
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153 \fi
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154 \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
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155 \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
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156 \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect
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157
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158 \if 2\ncolumns
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159 \let\maxcolumn=b
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160 \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
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161 \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
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162 \else \if 3\ncolumns
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163 \let\maxcolumn=c
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164 \nopagenumbers
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165 \else
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166 \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
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167 \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
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168 \fi\fi
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169
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170 \intercolumnskip=.46in
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171 \def\abc{a}
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172 \output={% %see The TeXbook page 257
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173 % This next line is useful when designing the layout.
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174 %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
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175 \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
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176 \else\if a\abc
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177 \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
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178 %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
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179 \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
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180 \else
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181 \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
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182 \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
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183 \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
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184 \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
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185 \makefootline}\advancepageno}
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186 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
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187
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188 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
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189 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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190 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
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191 \end}
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192 \fi
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193
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194 % we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
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195 % we might want to talk about
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196 \catcode`\^=12
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197 \catcode`\_=12
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198
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199 \chardef\\=`\\
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200 \chardef\{=`\{
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201 \chardef\}=`\}
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202
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203 \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
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204
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205 \parindent 0pt
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206 \parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex
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207
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208 \def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}
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209
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210 % newcolumn - force a new column. Use sparingly, probably only for
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211 % the first column of a page, which should have a title anyway.
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212 \outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}
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213
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214 % title - page title. Argument is title text.
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215 \outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
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216
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217 % section - new major section. Argument is section name.
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218 \outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
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219 \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
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220 \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
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221
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222 \newdimen\keyindent
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223
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224 % beginindentedkeys...endindentedkeys - key definitions will be
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225 % indented, but running text, typically used as headings to group
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226 % definitions, will not.
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227 \def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
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228 \def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
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229 \endindentedkeys
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230
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231 % paralign - begin paragraph containing an alignment.
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232 % If an \halign is entered while in vertical mode, a parskip is never
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233 % inserted. Using \paralign instead of \halign solves this problem.
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234 \def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}
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235
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236 % \<...> - surrounds a variable name in a code example
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237 \def\<#1>{{\it #1\/}}
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238
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239 % kbd - argument is characters typed literally. Like the Texinfo command.
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240 \def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows
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241
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242 % beginexample...endexample - surrounds literal text, such a code example.
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243 % typeset in a typewriter font with line breaks preserved
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244 \def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
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245 \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt\tolerance=10000}
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246 {\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
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247 \def\endexample{\endgroup}
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248
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249 % key - definition of a key.
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250 % \key{description of key}{key-name}
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251 % prints the description left-justified, and the key-name in a \kbd
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252 % form near the right margin.
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253 \def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vbox
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254 {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em \tolerance=20000
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255 \raggedright
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256 \hskip\keyindent\hangindent=1em\strut#1\strut}\kbd{\quad#2}\hss}}
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257
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258 \newbox\metaxbox
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259 \setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
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260 \newdimen\metaxwidth
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261 \metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox
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262
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263 % metax - definition of a M-x command.
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264 % \metax{description of command}{M-x command-name}
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265 % Tries to justify the beginning of the command name at the same place
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266 % as \key starts the key name. (The "M-x " sticks out to the left.)
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267 \def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vbox
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268 {\hsize=.74\hsize\rightskip=1em
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269 \raggedright \tolerance=20000
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270 \hskip\keyindent\hangindent=1em\strut#1\strut\par}%
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271 %\hskip-\metaxwidth minus 1fil
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272 \kbd{#2}\hss}}
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273
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274 % threecol - like "key" but with two key names.
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275 % for example, one for doing the action backward, and one for forward.
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276 \def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\hfil\quad
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277 &\kbd{#3}\hfil\quad\cr}
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278
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279 %**end of header
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280
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281
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282 \title{Carte de r\'ef\'erence de GNU Emacs}
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283
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284 \centerline{(pour la version \versionemacs)}
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285
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286 \section{Lancement d'Emacs}
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287
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288 Pour lancer GNU Emacs \versionemacs, il suffit de taper son nom : \kbd{emacs}
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289
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290 Pour charger un fichier \`a \'editer, voir Fichiers, ci-dessous.
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291
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292 \section{Quitter Emacs}
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293
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294 \key{suspend Emacs (ou l'iconifie sous X)}{C-z}
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295 \key{quitter d\'efinitivement Emacs}{C-x C-c}
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296
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297 \section{Fichiers}
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298
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299 \key{{\bf lire} un fichier dans Emacs}{C-x C-f}
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300 \key{{\bf sauvegarder} un fichier sur disque}{C-x C-s}
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301 \key{sauvegarder {\bf tous} les fichiers}{C-x s}
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302 \key{{\bf ins\'erer} le contenu d'un autre fichier dans ce tampon}{C-x i}
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303 \key{remplacer ce fichier par le fichier voulu}{C-x C-v}
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304 \key{\'ecrire le tampon dans un fichier donn\'e}{C-x C-w}
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305 \key{bascule du mode lecture-seule du tampon}{C-x C-q}
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306
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307 \section{Obtenir de l'aide}
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308
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309 Le syst\`eme d'aide est simple. Faites \kbd{C-h} (ou \kbd{F1}) et suivez
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310 les instructions. Si vous d\'ebutez, faites \kbd{C-h t} pour suivre un
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311 {\bf didacticiel}.
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312
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313 \key{supprimer la fen\^etre d'aide}{C-x 1}
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314 \key{faire d\'efiler la fen\^etre d'aide}{C-M-v}
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315
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316 \key{apropos : montrer les commandes contenant une certaine cha\^\i{}ne}{C-h a}
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317 \key{d\'ecrire la fonction lanc\'ee par une touche}{C-h k}
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318 \key{d\'ecrire une fonction}{C-h f}
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319 \key{obtenir des informations sp\'ecifiques au mode}{C-h m}
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320
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321 \section{R\'ecup\'eration des erreurs}
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322
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323 \key{{\bf avorter} une commande partiellement tap\'ee ou ex\'ecut\'ee}{C-g}
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324 \metax{{\bf r\'ecup\'erer} les fichier perdus par un crash du syst\`eme}{M-x recover-session}
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325 \metax{{\bf annuler} une modification non souhait\'ee}{C-x u, C-_ {\rm ou} C-/}
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326 \metax{restaurer un tampon avec son contenu initial}{M-x revert-buffer}
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327 \key{r\'eafficher un \'ecran perturb\'e}{C-l}
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328
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329 \section{Recherche incr\'ementale}
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330
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331 \key{rechercher vers l'avant}{C-s}
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332 \key{rechercher vers l'arri\`ere}{C-r}
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333 \key{rechercher vers l'avant par expression rationnelle}{C-M-s}
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334 \key{rechercher vers l'arri\`ere par expression rationnelle}{C-M-r}
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335
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336 \key{s\'electionner la cha\^\i{}ne de recherche pr\'ec\'edente}{M-p}
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337 \key{s\'electionner la cha\^\i{}ne de recherche suivante}{M-n}
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338 \key{sortir de la recherche incr\'ementale}{RET}
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339 \key{annuler l'effet du dernier caract\`ere}{DEL}
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340 \key{annuler la recherche en cours}{C-g}
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341
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342 Refaites \kbd{C-s} ou \kbd{C-r} pour r\'ep\'eter la recherche dans une
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343 direction quelconque.
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344 Si Emacs est encore en train de chercher, \kbd{C-g} n'annule que ce
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345 qui n'a pas \'et\'e fait.
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346
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347 \shortcopyrightnotice
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348
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349 \section{D\'eplacements}
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350
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351 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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352 \threecol{{\bf entit\'e sur laquelle se d\'eplacer}}{{\bf en arri\`ere}}{{\bf en avant}}
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353 \threecol{caract\`ere}{C-b}{C-f}
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354 \threecol{mot}{M-b}{M-f}
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355 \threecol{ligne}{C-p}{C-n}
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356 \threecol{aller au d\'ebut (ou \`a la fin) de la ligne}{C-a}{C-e}
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357 \threecol{phrase}{M-a}{M-e}
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358 \threecol{paragraphe}{M-\{}{M-\}}
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359 \threecol{page}{C-x [}{C-x ]}
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360 \threecol{s-expression}{C-M-b}{C-M-f}
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361 \threecol{fonction}{C-M-a}{C-M-e}
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362 \threecol{aller au d\'ebut (ou \`a la fin) du tampon}{M-<}{M->}
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363 }
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364
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365 \key{passer \`a l'\'ecran suivant}{C-v}
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366 \key{passer \`a l'\'ecran pr\'ec\'edent}{M-v}
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367 \key{d\'efiler l'\'ecran vers la droite}{C-x <}
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368 \key{d\'efiler l'\'ecran vers la gauche}{C-x >}
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369 \key{placer la ligne courante au centre de l'\'ecran}{C-u C-l}
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370
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371 \section{D\'etruire et supprimer}
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372
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373 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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374 \threecol{{\bf entit\'e \`a supprimer}}{{\bf en arri\`ere}}{{\bf en avant}}
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375 \threecol{caract\`ere (suppression, pas destruction)}{DEL}{C-d}
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376 \threecol{mot}{M-DEL}{M-d}
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377 \threecol{ligne (jusqu'\`a la fin)}{M-0 C-k}{C-k}
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378 \threecol{phrase}{C-x DEL}{M-k}
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379 \threecol{s-expression}{M-- C-M-k}{C-M-k}
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380 }
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381
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382 \key{d\'etruire une {\bf r\'egion}}{C-w}
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383 \key{copier une r\'egion dans le kill ring}{M-w}
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384 \key{d\'etruire jusqu'\`a l'occurrence suivante de {\it car}}{M-z {\it car}}
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385
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386 \key{r\'ecup\'erer la derni\`ere chose d\'etruite}{C-y}
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387 \key{remplacer la derni\`ere r\'ecup\'eration par ce qui a \'et\'e d\'etruit avant}{M-y}
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388
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389 \section{Marquer}
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390
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391 \key{placer la marque ici}{C-@ {\rm ou} C-SPC}
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392 \key{\'echanger le point et la marque}{C-x C-x}
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393
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394 \key{placer la marque {\it arg\/} {\bf mots} plus loin}{M-@}
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395 \key{marquer le {\bf paragraphe}}{M-h}
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396 \key{marquer la {\bf page}}{C-x C-p}
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397 \key{marquer la {\bf s-expression}}{C-M-@}
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398 \key{marquer la {\bf fonction}}{C-M-h}
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399 \key{marquer tout le {\bf tampon}}{C-x h}
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400
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401 \section{Remplacement interactif}
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402
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403 \key{remplacer interactivement une cha\^\i{}ne de texte}{M-\%}
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404 % query-replace-regexp est liee a C-M-% mais on ne peut pas le
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405 % taper dans une console.
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406 \metax{en utilisant les expressions rationnelles}{M-x query-replace-regexp}
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407
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408 Les r\'eponses admises dans le mode de remplacement interactif sont :
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409
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410 \key{{\bf remplacer} celle-l\`a, passer \`a la suivante}{SPC}
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411 \key{remplacer celle-l\`a, rester l\`a}{,}
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412 \key{{\bf passer} \`a la suivante sans remplacer}{DEL}
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413 \key{remplacer toutes les correspondances suivantes}{!}
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414 \key{{\bf revenir} \`a la correspondance pr\'ec\'edente}{^}
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415 \key{{\bf sortir} du remplacement interactif}{RET}
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416 \key{entrer dans l'\'edition r\'ecursive (\kbd{C-M-c} pour sortir)}{C-r}
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417
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418 \section{Fen\^etres multiples}
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419
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420 Lorsqu'il y a deux commandes, la seconde est une commande identique \`a
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421 la premi\`ere pour un cadre au lieu d'une fen\^etre.
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422
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423 {\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 0\wd0
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424 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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425 \threecol{supprimer toutes les autres fen\^etres}{C-x 1\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 1}
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426 \threecol{diviser la fen\^etre horizontalement}{C-x 2\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 2}
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427 \threecol{supprimer cette fen\^etre}{C-x 0\ \ \ \ }{C-x 5 0}
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428 }}
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429 \key{diviser la fen\^etre verticalement}{C-x 3}
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430
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431 \key{faire d\'efiler l'autre fen\^etre}{C-M-v}
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diff changeset
432
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433 {\setbox0=\hbox{\kbd{0}}\advance\hsize by 2\wd0
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parents:
diff changeset
434 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
58866
3a53f4303a90 Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
435 \threecol{placer le curseur dans une autre fen\^etre}{C-x o}{C-x 5 o}
34923
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
436
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parents:
diff changeset
437 \threecol{s\'electionner le tampon dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 b}{C-x 5 b}
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parents:
diff changeset
438 \threecol{afficher le tampon dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 C-o}{C-x 5 C-o}
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parents:
diff changeset
439 \threecol{charger un fichier dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 f}{C-x 5 f}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
440 \threecol{charger un fichier en lecture seule dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 r}{C-x 5 r}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441 \threecol{lancer Dired dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 d}{C-x 5 d}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 \threecol{trouver un tag dans l'autre fen\^etre}{C-x 4 .}{C-x 5 .}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 }}
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parents:
diff changeset
444
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
445 \key{agrandir la fen\^etre}{C-x ^}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446 \key{rapetisser la fen\^etre}{C-x \{}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
447 \key{\'elargir la fen\^etre}{C-x \}}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
448
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parents:
diff changeset
449 \section{Formater}
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parents:
diff changeset
450
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
451 \key{indenter la {\bf ligne} courante (d\'epend du mode)}{TAB}
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parents:
diff changeset
452 \key{indenter la {\bf r\'egion} courante (d\'epend du mode)}{C-M-\\}
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parents:
diff changeset
453 \key{indenter la {\bf s-expression} courante (d\'epend du mode)}{C-M-q}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454 \key{indenter la r\'egion sur {\it arg\/} colonnes}{C-x TAB}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455
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parents:
diff changeset
456 \key{ins\'erer un newline apr\`es le point}{C-o}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 \key{d\'eplacer le reste de la ligne vers le bas}{C-M-o}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458 \key{supprimer les lignes blanches autour du point}{C-x C-o}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
459 \key{joindre la ligne \`a la pr\'ec\'edente (\`a la suivante avec arg)}{M-^}
34923
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parents:
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460 \key{supprimer tous les espaces autour du point}{M-\\}
58866
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
461 \key{mettre exactement un espace \`a l'emplacement du point}{M-SPC}
34923
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parents:
diff changeset
462
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
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parents:
diff changeset
463 \key{remplir le paragraphe}{M-q}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
464 \key{placer la marge droite}{C-x f}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
465 \key{d\'efinir le pr\'efixe par lequel commencera chaque ligne}{C-x .}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
466
71278
2e98e55d861e 2006-06-08 ?ic Jacoboni <jaco@jacoboni.fr>
Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
parents: 70860
diff changeset
467 \key{d\'efinir la fonte}{M-o}
34923
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parents:
diff changeset
468
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parents:
diff changeset
469 \section{Modifier la casse}
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parents:
diff changeset
470
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471 \key{mettre le mot en majuscules}{M-u}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472 \key{mettre le mot en minuscules}{M-l}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
473 \key{mettre le mot en capitales}{M-c}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474
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parents:
diff changeset
475 \key{mettre la r\'egion en majuscules}{C-x C-u}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 \key{mettre la r\'egion en minuscules}{C-x C-l}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
477
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parents:
diff changeset
478 \section{Le mini-tampon}
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parents:
diff changeset
479
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parents:
diff changeset
480 Les touches suivantes sont utilisables dans le mini-tampon :
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
481
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482 \key{compl\'eter autant que possible}{TAB}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
483 \key{compl\'eter un mot}{SPC}
58866
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
484 \key{compl\'eter et ex\'ecuter}{RET}
34923
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parents:
diff changeset
485 \key{montrer les compl\'etions possibles}{?}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
486 \key{rechercher l'entr\'ee pr\'ec\'edente du mini-tampon}{M-p}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487 \key{rechercher l'entr\'ee suivante du mini-tampon ou le d\'efaut}{M-n}
58866
3a53f4303a90 Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
488 \key{rechercher \`a rebours par expr. rationnelle dans l'historique}{M-r}
34923
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parents:
diff changeset
489 \key{rechercher vers l'avant par expr. rationnelle dans l'historique}{M-s}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
490 \key{annuler la commande}{C-g}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
491
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492 Faites \kbd{C-x ESC ESC} pour \'editer et r\'ep\'eter la derni\`ere commande
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parents:
diff changeset
493 ayant utilis\'e le minitampon. Faites \kbd{F10} pour activer la barre de
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 menu utilisant le minitampon.
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parents:
diff changeset
495
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 \newcolumn
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497 \title{Carte de r\'ef\'erence de GNU Emacs}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 \section{Tampons}
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parents:
diff changeset
500
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 \key{s\'electionner un autre tampon}{C-x b}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 \key{\'enum\'erer tous les tampons}{C-x C-b}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
503 \key{supprimer un tampon}{C-x k}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
504
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
505 \section{Transposer}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 \key{transposer des {\bf caract\`eres}}{C-t}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 \key{transposer des {\bf mots}}{M-t}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 \key{transposer des {\bf lignes}}{C-x C-t}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510 \key{transposer des {\bf s-expressions}}{C-M-t}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 \section{V\'erifier l'orthographe}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 \key{v\'erifier l'orthographe du mot courant}{M-\$}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 \metax{v\'erifier l'orthographe de tous les mots d'une r\'egion}{M-x ispell-region}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 \metax{v\'erifier l'orthographe de tout le tampon}{M-x ispell-buffer}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 \section{Tags}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 \key{trouver un tag (une d\'efinition)}{M-.}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 \key{trouver l'occurrence suivante du tag}{C-u M-.}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 \metax{sp\'ecifier un nouveau fichier de tags}{M-x visit-tags-table}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 \metax{rechercher par expr. rationnelles dans tous les fichiers du
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 tableau de tags}{M-x tags-search}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
526 \metax{lancer un remplacement interactif sur tous les fichiers}{M-x tags-query-replace}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
527 \key{continuer la derni\`ere recherche de tags ou le remplacement interactif}{M-,}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
528
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parents:
diff changeset
529 \section{Shells}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
530
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
531 \key{ex\'ecuter une commande shell}{M-!}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
532 \key{lancer une commande shell sur la r\'egion}{M-|}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
533 \key{filtrer la r\'egion avec une commande shell}{C-u M-|}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 \key{lancer un shell dans la fen\^etre \kbd{*shell*}}{M-x shell}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
536 \section{Rectangles}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
538 \key{copier le rectangle dans le registre}{C-x r r}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 \key{d\'etruire le rectangle}{C-x r k}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 \key{r\'ecup\'erer le rectangle}{C-x r y}
58866
3a53f4303a90 Fix typos.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 52401
diff changeset
541 \key{ouvrir le rectangle, en d\'ecalant le texte \`a droite}{C-x r o}
34923
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
542 \key{vider le rectangle}{C-x r c}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
543 \key{pr\'efixer chaque ligne avec une cha\^\i{}ne}{C-x r t}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
544
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545 \section{Abr\'eviations}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 \key{ajouter une abr\'eviation globale}{C-x a g}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 \key{ajouter une abr\'eviation locale au mode}{C-x a l}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 \key{ajouter une expansion globale pour cette abr\'eviation}{C-x a i g}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
550 \key{ajouter une expansion locale au mode pour cette abr\'eviation}{C-x a i l}
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parents:
diff changeset
551 \key{faire une expansion explicite de cette abr\'eviation}{C-x a e}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
553 \key{faire une expansion dynamique du mot pr\'ec\'edent}{M-/}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555 \section{Expressions rationnelles}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 \key{un unique caract\`ere quelconque, sauf une fin de ligne}{. {\rm(point)}}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 \key{z\'ero r\'ep\'etition ou plus}{*}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 \key{une r\'ep\'etition ou plus}{+}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 \key{z\'ero ou une r\'ep\'etition}{?}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561 \key{caract\`ere sp\'ecial pour quoter l'expression rationnelle {\it c\/}}{\\{\it c}}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
562 \key{alternative (``ou'')}{\\|}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 \key{regroupement}{\\( {\rm$\ldots$} \\)}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 \key{le m\^eme texte que dans le {\it n\/}i\`eme groupe}{\\{\it n}}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565 \key{limite de mot}{\\b}
c96c07c36f33 *** empty log message ***
Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 \key{non limite de mot}{\\B}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt&#\cr
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
569 \threecol{{\bf entit\'e}}{{\bf d\'ebut}}{{\bf fin}}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
570 \threecol{ligne}{^}{\$}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
571 \threecol{mot}{\\<}{\\>}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
572 \threecol{tampon}{\\`}{\\'}
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573
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Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
574 \threecol{{\bf classe de caract\`ere}}{{\bf correspond}}{{\bf correspond
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575 \`a d'autres}}
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576 \threecol{ensemble explicite}{[ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}{[^ {\rm$\ldots$} ]}
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577 \threecol{caract\`ere de mot}{\\w}{\\W}
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578 \threecol{caract\`ere avec la syntaxe {\it c}}{\\s{\it c}}{\\S{\it c}}
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579 }
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580
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581 \section{Jeux de caract\`eres internationaux}
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582
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parents: 70860
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583 \key{indiquer la langue principale}{C-x RET l}
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584 \metax{montrer toutes les m\'ethodes de saisie}{M-x list-input-methods}
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585 \key{activer ou d\'esactiver la m\'ethode de saisie}{C-\\}
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586 \key{choisir le syst\`eme de codage pour la commande suivante}{C-x RET c}
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587 \metax{montrer tous les syst\`emes de codage}{M-x list-coding-systems}
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588 \metax{choisir le syst\`eme de codage pr\'ef\'er\'e}{M-x prefer-coding-system}
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589
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590 \section{Info}
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591
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592 \key{entrer dans le visualisateur de la documentation Info}{C-h i}
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593 \key{chercher une fonction ou une variable pr\'ecise dans Info}{C-h S}
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594 \beginindentedkeys
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595
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596 Se d\'eplacer dans un n\oe{}ud :
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597
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598 \key{une page plus bas}{SPC}
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599 \key{une page plus haut}{DEL}
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600 \key{d\'ebut du n\oe{}ud}{. {\rm (point)}}
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601
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602 Passer de n\oe{}ud en n\oe{}ud :
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603
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604 \key{n\oe{}ud {\bf suivant}}{n}
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605 \key{n\oe{}ud {\bf pr\'ec\'edent}}{p}
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606 \key{aller {\bf plus haut}}{u}
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607 \key{choisir un sujet de menu par son nom}{m}
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608 \key{choisir le {\it n\/}i\`eme sujet de menu par son num\'ero (1--9)}{{\it n}}
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609 \key{suivre une r\'ef\'erence crois\'ee (on revient avec \kbd{l})}{f}
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610 \key{revenir au dernier n\oe{}ud visit\'e}{l}
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611 \key{revenir au n\oe{}ud du r\'epertoire}{d}
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612 \key{aller au n\oe{}ud de plus haut niveau du fichier Info}{t}
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613 \key{aller sur n'importe quel n\oe{}ud par son nom}{g}
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614
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615 Autres :
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616
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617 \key{lancer le {\bf didacticiel} Info}{h}
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parents: 70860
diff changeset
618 \key{chercher un sujet dans l'index}{i}
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619 \key{rechercher les n\oe{}uds avec une expression rationnelle}{s}
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620 \key{{\bf quitter} Info}{q}
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621
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622 \endindentedkeys
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623
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624 \section{Registres}
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625
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626 \key{sauver la r\'egion dans un registre}{C-x r s}
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627 \key{ins\'erer le contenu du registre dans le tampon}{C-x r i}
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628
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629 \key{sauver la valeur du point dans un registre}{C-x r SPC}
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630 \key{sauter au point sauv\'e dans le registre}{C-x r j}
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631
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632 \section{Macros clavier}
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633
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634 \key{{\bf lancer} la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier}{C-x (}
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635 \key{{\bf terminer} la d\'efinition d'une macro clavier}{C-x )}
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636 \key{{\bf ex\'ecuter} la derni\`ere macro clavier d\'efinie}{C-x e}
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637 \key{ajouter \`a la derni\`ere macro clavier}{C-u C-x (}
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638 \metax{donner un nom \`a la derni\`ere macro clavier}{M-x name-last-kbd-macro}
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639 \metax{ins\'erer une d\'efinition Lisp dans le tampon}{M-x insert-kbd-macro}
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640
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641 \section{Commandes de gestion d'Emacs Lisp}
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642
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643 \key{\'evaluer la {\bf s-expression} situ\'ee avant le point}{C-x C-e}
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644 \key{\'evaluer la {\bf defun} courante}{C-M-x}
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645 \metax{\'evaluer la {\bf r\'egion}}{M-x eval-region}
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646 \key{lire et \'evaluer le mini-tampon}{M-:}
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647 \metax{charger \`a partir du r\'epertoire syst\`eme standard}{M-x load-library}
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648
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649 \section{Personnalisation simple}
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650
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651 \metax{personnaliser les variables et les fontes}{M-x customize}
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652
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653 % The intended audience here is the person who wants to make simple
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654 % customizations and knows Lisp syntax.
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655
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656 Cr\'eation de liaisons de touches globales en Emacs Lisp (exemples):
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657
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658 \beginexample%
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659 (global-set-key "\\C-cg" 'goto-line)
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660 (global-set-key "\\M-\#" 'query-replace-regexp)
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661 \endexample
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662
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663 \section{\'Ecriture de commandes}
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664
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665 \beginexample%
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666 (defun \<nom-commande> (\<args>)
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667 "\<documentation>" (interactive "\<template>")
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668 \<body>)
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669 \endexample
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670
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671 Exemple :
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672
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673 \beginexample%
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674 (defun cette-ligne-en-haut-de-la-fenetre (line)
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675 "Repositionne la ligne du point en haut de la fenetre.
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676 Avec ARG, place le point sur la ligne ARG."
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677 (interactive "P")
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678 (recenter (if (null line)
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679 0
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680 (prefix-numeric-value line))))
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681 \endexample
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682
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683 La sp\'ecification \kbd{interactive} indique comment lire
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684 interactivement les param\`etres. Faites \kbd{C-h f interactive} pour
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685 plus de pr\'ecisions.
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686
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687 \copyrightnotice
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688
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689 \bye
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690
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691 % Local variables:
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692 % compile-command: "tex fr-refcard"
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693 % End:
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694
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diff changeset
695 % arch-tag: 39d6dc6e-1a4a-4071-84db-4719d4e9e40d