Mercurial > emacs
annotate man/xresources.texi @ 51813:d82cd7a68702
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author | Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu> |
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date | Tue, 08 Jul 2003 03:28:42 +0000 |
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1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual. |
49322 | 2 @c Copyright (C) 1987,93,94,95,1997,2001,03 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
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3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. |
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4 @node X Resources, Antinews, Command Arguments, Top |
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5 @appendix X Options and Resources |
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6 |
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7 You can customize some X-related aspects of Emacs behavior using X |
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8 resources, as is usual for programs that use X. On MS-Windows, you |
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9 can customize some of the same aspects using the system registry. |
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10 @xref{MS-Windows Registry}. X resources are the only way to customize |
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11 tooltip windows and LessTif menus, since the libraries that implement |
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12 them don't provide for customization through Emacs. This appendix |
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13 describes the X resources that Emacs recognizes and how to use them. |
40591 | 14 |
15 @menu | |
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16 * Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general). |
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17 * Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs. |
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18 * Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces. |
40591 | 19 * Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus. |
20 * LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus. | |
49322 | 21 * GTK resources:: Resources for GTK widgets. |
40591 | 22 @end menu |
23 | |
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24 @node Resources |
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25 @appendixsec X Resources |
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26 @cindex resources |
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27 @cindex X resources |
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28 @cindex @file{~/.Xdefaults} file |
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29 @cindex @file{~/.Xresources} file |
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30 |
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31 Programs running under the X Window System organize their user |
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32 options under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify |
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33 default values for these options in your X resources file, usually |
48045 | 34 named @file{~/.Xdefaults} or @file{~/.Xresources}. |
35 If changes in @file{~/.Xdefaults} do not | |
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36 take effect, it is because your X server stores its own list of |
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37 resources; to update them, use the shell command @command{xrdb}---for |
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38 instance, @samp{xrdb ~/.Xdefaults}. |
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39 |
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40 Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a |
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41 collection of related options, for one program or for several programs |
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42 (optionally even for all programs). |
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43 |
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44 @cindex Registry (MS-Windows) |
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45 MS-Windows systems don't support @file{~/.Xdefaults} files, but |
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46 Emacs compiled for Windows looks for X resources in the Windows |
44326 | 47 Registry, under the key @samp{HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs} |
48 and then under the key @samp{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\GNU\Emacs}. | |
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49 The menu and scrollbars are native widgets on MS-Windows, so they are |
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50 only customizable via the system-wide settings in the Display Control |
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51 Panel. |
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52 |
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53 Programs define named resources with particular meanings. They also |
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54 define how to group resources into named classes. For instance, in |
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55 Emacs, the @samp{internalBorder} resource controls the width of the |
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56 internal border, and the @samp{borderWidth} resource controls the width |
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57 of the external border. Both of these resources are part of the |
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58 @samp{BorderWidth} class. Case distinctions are significant in these |
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59 names. |
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60 |
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61 In @file{~/.Xdefaults}, you can specify a value for a single resource |
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62 on one line, like this: |
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63 |
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64 @example |
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65 emacs.borderWidth: 2 |
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66 @end example |
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67 |
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68 @noindent |
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69 Or you can use a class name to specify the same value for all resources |
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70 in that class. Here's an example: |
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71 |
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72 @example |
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73 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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74 @end example |
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75 |
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76 If you specify a value for a class, it becomes the default for all |
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77 resources in that class. You can specify values for individual |
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78 resources as well; these override the class value, for those particular |
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79 resources. Thus, this example specifies 2 as the default width for all |
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80 borders, but overrides this value with 4 for the external border: |
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81 |
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82 @example |
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83 emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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84 emacs.borderWidth: 4 |
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85 @end example |
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86 |
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87 The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter. |
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88 Also, command-line options always override the X resources file. |
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89 |
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90 The string @samp{emacs} in the examples above is also a resource |
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91 name. It actually represents the name of the executable file that you |
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92 invoke to run Emacs. If Emacs is installed under a different name, it |
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93 looks for resources under that name instead of @samp{emacs}. |
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94 |
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95 @table @samp |
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96 @item -name @var{name} |
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97 @opindex --name |
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98 @itemx --name=@var{name} |
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99 @cindex resource name, command-line argument |
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100 Use @var{name} as the resource name (and the title) for the initial |
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101 Emacs frame. This option does not affect subsequent frames, but Lisp |
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102 programs can specify frame names when they create frames. |
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103 |
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104 If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs |
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105 executable's name as the resource name. |
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106 |
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107 @item -xrm @var{resource-values} |
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108 @opindex --xrm |
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109 @itemx --xrm=@var{resource-values} |
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110 @cindex resource values, command-line argument |
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111 Specify X resource values for this Emacs job (see below). |
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112 @end table |
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113 |
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114 For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for |
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115 other resource values that do not belong to any particular frame. |
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116 |
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117 The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class; its |
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118 name is @samp{Emacs}. If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of |
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119 @samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs, |
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120 regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the executable |
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121 file. Here is an example: |
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122 |
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123 @example |
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124 Emacs.BorderWidth: 2 |
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125 Emacs.borderWidth: 4 |
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126 @end example |
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127 |
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128 You can specify a string of additional resource values for Emacs to |
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129 use with the command line option @samp{-xrm @var{resources}}. The text |
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130 @var{resources} should have the same format that you would use inside a file |
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131 of X resources. To include multiple resource specifications in |
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132 @var{resources}, put a newline between them, just as you would in a file. |
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133 You can also use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} to include a file full |
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134 of resource specifications. Resource values specified with @samp{-xrm} |
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135 take precedence over all other resource specifications. |
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136 |
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137 One way to experiment with the effect of different resource settings |
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138 is to use the @code{editres} program. Select @samp{Get Tree} from the |
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139 @samp{Commands} menu, then click on an Emacs frame. This will display |
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140 a tree showing the structure of X toolkit widgets used in an Emacs |
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141 frame. Select one of them, such as @samp{menubar}, then select |
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142 @samp{Show Resource Box} from the @samp{Commands} menu. This displays |
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143 a list of all the meaningful X resources and allows you to edit them. |
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144 Changes take effect immediately if you click on the @samp{Apply} button. |
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145 |
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146 @node Table of Resources |
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147 @appendixsec Table of X Resources for Emacs |
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148 |
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149 This table lists the resource names that designate options for |
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150 Emacs, not counting those for the appearance of the menu bar, each |
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151 with the class that it belongs to: |
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152 |
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153 @table @asis |
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154 @item @code{background} (class @code{Background}) |
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155 Background color name. |
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156 |
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157 @item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon}) |
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158 Use a bitmap icon (a picture of a gnu) if @samp{on}, let the window |
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159 manager choose an icon if @samp{off}. |
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160 |
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161 @item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor}) |
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162 Color name for the external border. |
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163 |
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164 @item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth}) |
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165 Width in pixels of the external border. |
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166 |
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167 @item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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168 Color name for text cursor (point). |
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169 |
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170 @item @code{font} (class @code{Font}) |
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171 Font name for text (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}). |
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172 |
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173 @item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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174 Color name for text. |
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175 |
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176 @item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry}) |
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177 Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as |
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178 @samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well |
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179 as the Emacs frame itself. |
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180 |
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181 If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the |
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182 initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame |
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183 name, only that frame). However, the size, if specified here, applies to |
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184 all frames. |
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185 |
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186 @item @code{fullscreen} (class @code{Fullscreen}) |
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187 The desired fullscreen size. The value can be one of @code{fullboth}, |
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188 @code{fullwidth} or @code{fullheight}, which correspond to |
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189 the command-line options @samp{-fs}, @samp{-fw}, and @samp{-fh} |
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190 (@pxref{Window Size X}). |
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191 |
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192 Note that this applies to all frames created, not just the initial |
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193 one. |
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194 |
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195 @item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title}) |
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196 Name to display in the icon. |
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197 |
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198 @item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth}) |
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199 Width in pixels of the internal border. |
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200 |
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201 @item @code{lineSpacing} (class @code{LineSpacing}) |
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202 @cindex line spacing |
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203 @cindex leading |
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204 Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels. |
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205 |
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206 @item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar}) |
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208 Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if |
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209 @samp{off}. @xref{Lucid Resources}, and @ref{LessTif Resources}, for |
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210 how to control the appearance of the menu bar if you have one. |
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211 |
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212 @item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer}) |
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213 If @samp{none}, don't make a minibuffer in this frame. |
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214 It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead. |
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215 |
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216 @item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font}) |
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217 @cindex font for menus |
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218 Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. |
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219 |
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220 @item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground}) |
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221 Color of the mouse cursor. |
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222 |
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223 @item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap}) |
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224 If @samp{on}, use a private color map, in the case where the ``default |
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225 visual'' of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it. |
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226 |
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227 @item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo}) |
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228 Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as |
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229 specified if @samp{off}. |
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230 |
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231 @item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma}) |
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232 @cindex gamma correction |
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233 Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter |
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234 @code{screen-gamma}. |
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235 |
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237 Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. (For |
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238 toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{LessTif |
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239 Resources}.) |
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240 |
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242 Number of milliseconds to wait for a selection reply. | |
243 If the selection owner doesn't reply in this time, we give up. | |
244 A value of 0 means wait as long as necessary. | |
245 | |
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246 @item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous}) |
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247 @cindex debugging X problems |
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248 @cindex synchronous X mode |
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249 Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}. Synchronous mode is |
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250 useful for debugging X problems. |
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251 |
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252 @item @code{title} (class @code{Title}) |
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253 Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame. |
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254 |
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255 @item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar}) |
51131 | 256 @cindex tool bar |
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257 Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses |
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258 the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and |
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259 @code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size |
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260 will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible. |
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261 |
51131 | 262 @item @code{useXIM} (class @code{UseXIM}) |
263 @cindex XIM | |
264 @cindex X input methods | |
265 @cindex input methods, X | |
266 Turn off use of X input methods (XIM) if @samp{false} or @samp{off}. | |
267 This is only relevant if your Emacs is actually built with XIM | |
268 support. It is potentially useful to turn off XIM for efficiency, | |
269 especially slow X client/server links. | |
270 | |
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271 @item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars}) |
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272 Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if |
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273 @samp{off}. |
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274 @end table |
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275 |
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276 @node Face Resources |
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277 @appendixsec X Resources for Faces |
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278 |
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279 You can also use resources to customize the appearance of particular |
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280 faces (@pxref{Faces}): |
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281 |
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282 @table @code |
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283 @item @var{face}.attributeFont |
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284 Font for face @var{face}. |
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285 @item @var{face}.attributeForeground |
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286 Foreground color for face @var{face}. |
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287 @item @var{face}.attributeBackground |
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288 Background color for face @var{face}. |
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289 @item @var{face}.attributeUnderline |
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290 Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for |
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291 yes. |
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292 @item @var{face}.attributeFamily |
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293 Font family for face @var{face}. |
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294 @item @var{face}.attributeWidth |
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295 Relative proportional width of the font to use for face @var{face}. |
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296 It should be one of @code{ultra-condensed}, @code{extra-condensed}, |
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297 @code{condensed}, @code{semi-condensed}, @code{normal}, |
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298 @code{semi-expanded}, @code{expanded}, @code{extra-expanded}, or |
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299 @code{ultra-expanded}. |
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300 @item @var{face}.attributeHeight |
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301 Height of the font to use for face @var{face}: either an integer |
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302 specifying the height in units of 1/10@dmn{pt}, or a floating point |
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303 number that specifies a scale factor to scale the underlying face's |
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304 default font, or a function to be called with the default height which |
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305 will return a new height. |
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306 @item @var{face}.attributeWeight |
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307 A weight to use for the face @var{face}. It must be one of |
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308 @code{ultra-bold}, @code{extra-bold}, @code{bold}, |
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309 @code{semi-bold}, @code{normal}, @code{semi-light}, @code{light}, |
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310 @code{extra-light}, @code{ultra-light}. |
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311 @item @var{face}.attributeSlant |
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312 The slant to use for the font of face @var{face}. It must be one of |
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313 @code{italic}, @code{oblique}, @code{normal}, |
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314 @code{reverse-italic}, or @code{reverse-oblique}. |
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315 @item @var{face}.attributeStrikeThrough |
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316 Whether the face @var{face} should be drawn with a line striking |
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317 through the characters. |
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318 @item @var{face}.attributeOverline |
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319 Whether the characters in the face @var{face} should be overlined. |
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320 @item @var{face}.attributeBox |
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321 Whether to draw a box around the characters in face @var{face}. |
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322 @item @var{face}.attributeInverse |
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323 Whether to display the characters in face @var{face} in inverse |
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324 video. |
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325 @item @var{face}.attributeStipple |
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326 The name of a pixmap data file to use for the stipple pattern, or |
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327 @code{false} to not use stipple for the face @var{face}. |
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328 @item @var{face}.attributeBackgroundPixmap |
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329 The background pixmap for the face @var{face}. Should be a name of a |
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330 pixmap file or @code{false}. |
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331 @item @var{face}.attributeBold |
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332 Whether to draw the characters in the face @var{face} as bold. |
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333 @item @var{face}.attributeItalic |
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334 Whether to draw the characters in the face @var{face} as italic. |
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335 @end table |
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336 |
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337 @node Lucid Resources |
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338 @appendixsec Lucid Menu X Resources |
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339 @cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) |
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340 @cindex Lucid Widget X Resources |
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341 |
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342 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit |
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343 with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget and |
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344 has its own resources. The resource names contain @samp{pane.menubar} |
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345 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation, or @samp{Emacs}, |
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346 which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them like this: |
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347 |
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348 @example |
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349 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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350 @end example |
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351 |
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352 @noindent |
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353 For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, |
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354 write this: |
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355 |
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356 @example |
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357 Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16 |
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358 @end example |
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359 |
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360 @noindent |
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361 Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have |
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362 @samp{menu*}, in like fashion. For example, to specify the font |
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363 @samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this: |
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364 |
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365 @example |
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366 Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16 |
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367 @end example |
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368 |
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369 @noindent |
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370 For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: |
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371 |
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372 @example |
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373 Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16 |
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374 @end example |
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375 |
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376 @noindent |
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377 Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add |
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378 @samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On |
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379 some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}. |
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380 |
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381 Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus: |
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382 |
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383 @table @code |
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384 @item font |
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385 Font for menu item text. |
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386 @item foreground |
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387 Color of the foreground. |
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388 @item background |
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389 Color of the background. |
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390 @item buttonForeground |
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391 In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item. |
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392 @item horizontalSpacing |
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393 Horizontal spacing in pixels between items. Default is 3. |
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394 @item verticalSpacing |
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395 Vertical spacing in pixels between items. Default is 1. |
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396 @item arrowSpacing |
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397 Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and |
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398 the associated text. Default is 10. |
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399 @item shadowThickness |
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400 Thickness of shadow line around the widget. |
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401 @item margin |
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402 The margin of the menu bar, in characters. The default of 4 makes the |
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403 menu bar appear like the LessTif/Motif one. |
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404 @end table |
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405 |
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406 @node LessTif Resources |
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407 @appendixsec LessTif Menu X Resources |
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408 @cindex Menu X Resources (LessTif widgets) |
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409 @cindex LessTif Widget X Resources |
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410 |
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411 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit |
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412 with the LessTif or Motif widgets, then the menu bar, the dialog |
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413 boxes, the pop-up menus, and the file-selection box are separate |
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414 widgets and have their own resources. |
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415 |
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416 The resource names for the menu bar contain @samp{pane.menubar} |
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417 (following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation, or |
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418 @samp{Emacs}, which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them |
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419 like this: |
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420 |
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421 @smallexample |
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422 Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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423 @end smallexample |
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424 |
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425 Each individual string in the menu bar is a subwidget; the subwidget's |
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426 name is the same as the menu item string. For example, the word |
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427 @samp{File} in the menu bar is part of a subwidget named |
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428 @samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}. Most likely, you want to specify the |
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429 same resources for the whole menu bar. To do this, use @samp{*} instead |
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430 of a specific subwidget name. For example, to specify the font |
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431 @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this: |
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432 |
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433 @smallexample |
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434 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 |
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435 @end smallexample |
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436 |
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437 @noindent |
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438 This also specifies the resource value for submenus. |
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439 |
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440 Each item in a submenu in the menu bar also has its own name for X |
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441 resources; for example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named |
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442 @samp{Save (current buffer)}. A resource specification for a submenu |
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443 item looks like this: |
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444 |
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445 @smallexample |
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446 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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447 @end smallexample |
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448 |
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449 @noindent |
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450 For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current |
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451 buffer)} item: |
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452 |
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453 @smallexample |
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454 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16 |
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455 @end smallexample |
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456 |
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457 @noindent |
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458 For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Complete Word} |
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459 under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this |
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460 template: |
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461 |
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462 @smallexample |
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463 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value} |
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464 @end smallexample |
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465 |
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466 @noindent |
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467 For example, |
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468 |
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469 @smallexample |
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470 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Complete Word: @var{value} |
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471 @end smallexample |
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472 |
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473 @noindent |
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474 (This should be one long line.) |
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475 |
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476 It's impossible to specify a resource for all the menu-bar items |
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477 without also specifying it for the submenus as well. So if you want the |
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478 submenu items to look different from the menu bar itself, you must ask |
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479 for that in two steps. First, specify the resource for all of them; |
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480 then, override the value for submenus alone. Here is an example: |
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481 |
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482 @smallexample |
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483 Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16 |
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484 Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16 |
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485 @end smallexample |
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486 |
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487 @noindent |
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488 For LessTif pop-up menus, use @samp{menu*} instead of |
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489 @samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for |
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490 the pop-up menu items, write this: |
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491 |
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492 @smallexample |
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493 Emacs.menu*.fontList: 8x16 |
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494 @end smallexample |
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495 |
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496 @noindent |
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497 For LessTif dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}: |
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498 |
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499 @example |
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500 Emacs.dialog*.fontList: 8x16 |
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501 Emacs.dialog*.foreground: hotpink |
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502 @end example |
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503 |
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504 To specify resources for the LessTif file-selection box, use |
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505 @samp{fsb*}, like this: |
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506 |
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507 @example |
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508 Emacs.fsb*.fontList: 8x16 |
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509 @end example |
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510 |
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511 @iftex |
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512 @medbreak |
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513 @end iftex |
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514 Here is a list of the specific resources for LessTif menu bars and |
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515 pop-up menus: |
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516 |
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517 @table @code |
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518 @item armColor |
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519 The color to show in an armed button. |
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520 @item fontList |
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521 The font to use. |
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522 @item marginBottom |
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523 @itemx marginHeight |
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524 @itemx marginLeft |
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525 @itemx marginRight |
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526 @itemx marginTop |
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527 @itemx marginWidth |
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528 Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border. |
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529 @item borderWidth |
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530 The width of the border around the menu item, on all sides. |
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531 @item shadowThickness |
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532 The width of the border shadow. |
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533 @item bottomShadowColor |
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534 The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right. |
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535 @item topShadowColor |
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536 The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left. |
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537 @end table |
49322 | 538 |
539 | |
540 @node GTK resources | |
541 @appendixsec GTK resources | |
542 @cindex GTK resources and customization | |
543 @cindex resource files for GTK | |
544 @cindex @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file | |
545 @cindex @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} file | |
546 | |
547 If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the GTK widget set, | |
548 then the menu bar, scroll bar and the dialogs can be customized with | |
549 the standard GTK @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file or with the Emacs specific | |
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550 @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} file; note that these files are only for |
49322 | 551 customizing specific GTK widget features. To customize Emacs font, |
552 background, faces etc., use the normal X resources, see @ref{Resources}. | |
553 | |
554 In these files you first defines a style and then how to apply that style | |
555 to widgets (@pxref{GTK widget names}). Here is an example of how to | |
556 change the font for Emacs menus: | |
557 | |
558 @smallexample | |
559 # This is a comment. | |
560 style "menufont" | |
561 @{ | |
562 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" # This is a Pango font name | |
563 @} | |
564 | |
565 widget "*emacs-menuitem*" style "menufont" | |
566 | |
567 @end smallexample | |
568 | |
569 There are some things you can set without using any style or widget name, | |
570 which affect GTK as a whole. Most of these are poorly documented, but can | |
571 be found in the `Properties' section of the documentation page for | |
572 @code{GtkSetting}, in the GTK document references below. | |
573 | |
574 One property of interest is @code{gtk-font-name} which sets the default | |
575 font for GTK; you must use Pango font names (@pxref{GTK styles}). A | |
576 @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file that just sets a default font looks like this: | |
577 | |
578 @smallexample | |
579 gtk-font-name = "courier 12" | |
580 @end smallexample | |
581 | |
582 | |
583 If GTK at your site is installed under @var{prefix}, | |
584 the resource file syntax is fully described in the GTK API | |
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585 document |
49322 | 586 @file{@var{prefix}/share/gtk-doc/html/gtk/gtk-resource-files.html}. |
587 @var{prefix} is usually @file{/usr} or @file{/usr/local}. | |
588 You can find the same document online at | |
589 @uref{http://developer.gnome.org/doc/API/2.0/gtk/gtk-Resource-Files.html}. | |
590 | |
591 | |
592 @menu | |
593 * GTK widget names:: How widgets in GTK are named in general. | |
594 * GTK names in Emacs:: GTK widget names in Emacs. | |
595 * GTK styles:: What can be customized in a GTK widget. | |
596 @end menu | |
597 | |
598 | |
599 @node GTK widget names | |
600 @appendixsubsec GTK widget names | |
601 @cindex GTK widget names | |
602 | |
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603 Widgets are specified by widget class or by widget name. |
49322 | 604 The widget class is the type of the widget, for example @code{GtkMenuBar}. |
605 The widget name is the name given to a specific widget within a program. | |
606 A widget always have a class but it is not mandatory to give a name to | |
607 a widget. Absolute names are sequences of widget names or | |
608 widget classes, corresponding to hierarchies of widgets embedded within | |
609 other widgets. For example, if a @code{GtkWindow} contains a @code{GtkVBox} | |
610 which in turn contains a @code{GtkMenuBar}, the absolute class name | |
611 is @code{GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar}. | |
612 | |
613 @noindent | |
614 If the widgets are named ``top'', ``box'' and ``menubar'', the absolute | |
615 widget name is @code{top.box.menubar}, | |
616 | |
617 When assigning a style to a widget, you can use the absolute class | |
618 name or the absolute widget name. | |
619 There are two commands: @code{widget_class} will assign a style to | |
620 widgets, matching only against the absolute class name. | |
621 The command @code{widget} will match the absolute widget name, | |
622 but if there is no name for a widget in the hierarchy, the class is matched. | |
623 These commands require the absolute name and the style name to be | |
624 within double quotes. These commands are written at the top level in a | |
625 @file{~/.gtkrc-2.0} file, like this: | |
626 | |
627 @smallexample | |
628 style "menufont" | |
629 @{ | |
630 font_name = "helvetica bold 14" | |
631 @} | |
632 | |
633 widget "top.box.menubar" style "menufont" | |
634 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "menufont" | |
635 @end smallexample | |
636 | |
637 | |
638 Matching of absolute names is done with shell ``glob'' syntax, that is | |
639 @samp{*} matches zero or more characters and @samp{?} matches one character. | |
640 So the following would assign @code{base_style} to all widgets: | |
641 | |
642 @smallexample | |
643 widget "*" style "base_style" | |
644 @end smallexample | |
645 | |
646 Given the absolute class name @code{GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar} | |
647 and the corresponding absolute widget name @code{top.box.menubar}, | |
648 the following all assign @code{my_style} to the menu bar: | |
649 | |
650 @smallexample | |
651 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
652 widget_class "GtkWindow.*.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
653 widget_class "*GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
654 widget "top.box.menubar" style "my_style" | |
655 widget "*box*menubar" style "my_style" | |
656 widget "*menubar" style "my_style" | |
657 widget "*menu*" style "my_style" | |
658 @end smallexample | |
659 | |
660 @node GTK names in Emacs | |
661 @appendixsubsec GTK names in Emacs | |
662 @cindex GTK widget names | |
663 @cindex GTK widget classes | |
664 | |
665 In Emacs the top level widget for a frame is a @code{GtkWindow} that | |
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666 contains a @code{GtkVBox}. The @code{GtkVBox} contains the |
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667 @code{GtkMenuBar} and a @code{GtkFixed} widget. |
49322 | 668 The vertical scroll bars, @code{GtkVScrollbar}, |
669 are contained in the @code{GtkFixed} widget. | |
670 The text you write in Emacs is drawn in the @code{GtkFixed} widget. | |
671 | |
672 Dialogs in Emacs are @code{GtkDialog} widgets. The file dialog is a | |
673 @code{GtkFileSelection} widget. | |
674 | |
675 @noindent | |
676 To set a style for the menu bar using the absolute class name, use: | |
677 | |
678 @smallexample | |
679 widget_class "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkMenuBar" style "my_style" | |
680 @end smallexample | |
681 | |
682 @noindent | |
683 For the scroll bar, the absolute class name is: | |
684 | |
685 @smallexample | |
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686 widget_class |
49322 | 687 "GtkWindow.GtkVBox.GtkFixed.GtkVScrollbar" |
688 style "my_style" | |
689 @end smallexample | |
690 | |
691 @noindent | |
692 The names for the emacs widgets, and their classes, are: | |
693 | |
694 @multitable {@code{verticalScrollbar plus}} {@code{GtkFileSelection} and some} | |
695 @item @code{emacs-filedialog} | |
696 @tab @code{GtkFileSelection} | |
697 @item @code{emacs-dialog} | |
698 @tab @code{GtkDialog} | |
699 @item @code{Emacs} | |
700 @tab @code{GtkWindow} | |
701 @item @code{pane} | |
702 @tab @code{GtkVHbox} | |
703 @item @code{emacs} | |
704 @tab @code{GtkFixed} | |
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705 @item @code{verticalScrollbar} |
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706 @tab @code{GtkVScrollbar} |
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707 @item @code{emacs-toolbar} |
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708 @tab @code{GtkToolbar} |
49322 | 709 @item @code{menubar} |
710 @tab @code{GtkMenuBar} | |
711 @item @code{emacs-menuitem} | |
712 @tab anything in menus | |
713 @end multitable | |
714 | |
715 @noindent | |
716 Thus, for Emacs you can write the two examples above as: | |
717 | |
718 @smallexample | |
719 widget "Emacs.pane.menubar" style "my_style" | |
720 widget "Emacs.pane.emacs.verticalScrollbar" style "my_style" | |
721 @end smallexample | |
722 | |
723 GTK absolute names are quite strange when it comes to menus | |
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724 and dialogs. The names do not start with @samp{Emacs}, as they are |
49322 | 725 free-standing windows and not contained (in the GTK sense) by the |
726 Emacs GtkWindow. To customize the dialogs and menus, use wildcards like this: | |
727 | |
728 @smallexample | |
729 widget "*emacs-dialog*" style "my_dialog_style" | |
730 widget "*emacs-filedialog* style "my_file_style" | |
731 widget "*emacs-menuitem* style "my_menu_style" | |
732 @end smallexample | |
733 | |
734 An alternative is to put customization into @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}. | |
735 This file is only read by Emacs, so anything in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc} | |
736 affects Emacs but leaves other applications unaffected. | |
737 For example, the drop down menu in the file dialog can not | |
738 be customized by any absolute widget name, only by an absolute | |
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739 class name. This is so because the widgets in the drop down menu does not |
49322 | 740 have names and the menu is not contained in the Emacs GtkWindow. |
741 To have all menus in Emacs look the same, use this in @file{~/.emacs.d/gtkrc}: | |
742 | |
743 @smallexample | |
744 widget_class "*Menu*" style "my_menu_style" | |
745 @end smallexample | |
746 | |
747 @node GTK styles | |
748 @appendixsubsec GTK styles | |
749 @cindex GTK styles | |
750 | |
751 In a GTK style you specify the appearance widgets shall have. You | |
752 can specify foreground and background color, background pixmap and font. | |
753 The edit widget (where you edit the text) in Emacs is a GTK widget, | |
754 but trying to specify a style for the edit widget will have no effect. | |
755 This is so that Emacs compiled for GTK is compatible with Emacs compiled | |
756 for other X toolkits. The settings for foreground, background and font | |
757 for the edit widget is taken from the X resources; @pxref{Resources}. | |
758 Here is an example of two style declarations, ``default'' and ``ruler'': | |
759 | |
760 @smallexample | |
761 | |
762 pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps" | |
763 | |
764 style "default" | |
765 @{ | |
766 font_name = "helvetica 12" | |
767 | |
768 bg[NORMAL] = @{ 0.83, 0.80, 0.73 @} | |
769 bg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
770 bg[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.77, 0.77, 0.66 @} | |
771 bg[ACTIVE] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
772 bg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.0, 0.55, 0.55 @} | |
773 | |
774 fg[NORMAL] = "black" | |
775 fg[SELECTED] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @} | |
776 fg[ACTIVE] = "black" | |
777 fg[PRELIGHT] = @{ 0.9, 0.9, 0.9 @} | |
778 | |
779 base[INSENSITIVE] = "#777766" | |
780 text[INSENSITIVE] = @{ 0.60, 0.65, 0.57 @} | |
781 | |
782 bg_pixmap[NORMAL] = "background.xpm" | |
783 bg_pixmap[INSENSITIVE] = "background.xpm" | |
784 bg_pixmap[ACTIVE] = "background.xpm" | |
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785 bg_pixmap[PRELIGHT] = "<none>" |
49322 | 786 |
787 @} | |
788 | |
789 style "ruler" = "default" | |
790 @{ | |
791 font_name = "helvetica 8" | |
792 @} | |
793 | |
794 @end smallexample | |
795 | |
796 The style ``ruler'' inherits from ``default''. This way you can build | |
797 on existing styles. The syntax for fonts and colors is described below. | |
798 | |
799 As this example shows, it is possible to specify several values | |
800 for foreground and background depending on which state the widget has. | |
801 The possible states are | |
802 @table @code | |
803 @item NORMAL | |
804 This is the default state for widgets. | |
805 @item ACTIVE | |
806 This is the state for a widget that is ready to do something. It is | |
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807 also for the trough of a scroll bar, i.e. @code{bg[ACTIVE] = "red"} |
49322 | 808 sets the scroll bar trough to red. Buttons that have been pressed but |
809 not released yet (``armed'') are in this state. | |
810 @item PRELIGHT | |
811 This is the state when widgets that can be manipulated have the mouse | |
812 pointer over them. For example when the mouse is over the thumb in the | |
813 scroll bar or over a menu item. When the mouse is over a button that | |
814 is not pressed, the button is in this state. | |
815 @item SELECTED | |
816 This is the state when some data has been selected by the user. It can | |
817 be selected text or items selected in a list. | |
818 There is no place in Emacs where this setting has any effect. | |
819 @item INSENSITIVE | |
820 This is the state for widgets that are visible, but they can not be | |
821 manipulated like they normally can. For example, buttons that can't be | |
822 pressed and menu items that can't be selected. | |
823 Text for menu items that are not available can be set to yellow with | |
824 @code{fg[INSENSITIVE] = "yellow"}. | |
825 @end table | |
826 | |
827 Here are the things that can go in a style declaration: | |
828 | |
829 @table @code | |
830 @item bg[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
831 This is the background color widgets use. This background is not used for | |
832 editable text, use @code{base} for that. | |
833 | |
834 @item base[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
835 This is the background color for editable text. | |
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836 In Emacs, this color is used for the background of the text fields in the |
49322 | 837 file dialog. |
838 | |
839 @item bg_pixmap[@var{state}] = "@var{pixmap}" | |
840 You can specify a pixmap to be used instead of the background color. | |
841 @var{pixmap} is a file name. GTK can use a number of file formats, | |
842 including XPM, XBM, GIF, JPEG and PNG. If you want a widget to use the same | |
843 pixmap as its parent, use @samp{<parent>}. If you don't want any | |
844 pixmap use @samp{<none>}. Using @samp{<none>} can be useful | |
845 if your style inherits a style that does specify a pixmap. | |
846 | |
847 GTK looks for the pixmap in directories specified in @code{pixmap_path}. | |
848 It is not possible to refer to a file by its absolute path name. | |
849 @code{pixmap_path} is a colon-separated list of directories within double | |
850 quotes, specified at the top level in a @file{gtkrc} file (i.e. not inside | |
851 a style definition; see example above): | |
852 | |
853 @smallexample | |
854 pixmap_path "/usr/share/pixmaps:/usr/include/X11/pixmaps" | |
855 @end smallexample | |
856 | |
857 @item fg[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
858 This is the foreground color widgets use. This is the color | |
859 of text in menus and buttons. It is also the color for the arrows in the | |
860 scroll bar. For editable text, use @code{text}. | |
861 | |
862 @item text[@var{state}] = @var{color} | |
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863 This is the color for editable text. In Emacs, this color is used for the |
49322 | 864 text fields in the file dialog. |
865 | |
866 @item font_name = "@var{font}" | |
867 This is the font a widget shall use. @var{font} is a Pango font name, | |
868 for example ``Sans Italic 10'', ``Helvetica Bold 12'', ``Courier 14'', | |
869 ``Times 18''. See below for exact syntax. The names are case insensitive. | |
870 @end table | |
871 | |
872 Colors are specified in three ways, a name, a hexadecimal form or | |
873 an RGB triplet. | |
874 | |
875 @noindent | |
876 A color name is written within double quotes, for example @code{"red"}. | |
877 | |
878 @noindent | |
879 A hexadecimal form is written within double quotes. There are four forms, | |
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880 @code{#rrrrggggbbbb}, @code{#rrrgggbbb}, |
49322 | 881 @code{#rrggbb}, or @code{#rgb}. In each of these r, g and b are hex digits. |
882 | |
883 @noindent | |
884 An RGB triplet looks like @code{@{ r, g, b @}}, where r, g and b are either | |
885 integers in the range 0-65535 or floats in the range 0.0-1.0. | |
886 | |
887 Pango font names have the form ``@var{family-list} @var{style-options} | |
888 @var{size}''. | |
889 @cindex Pango font name | |
890 @noindent | |
891 @var{family-list} is a comma separated list of font families optionally | |
892 terminated by a comma. This way you can specify several families and the | |
893 first one found will be used. @var{family} corresponds to the second part in | |
894 an X font name, for example in | |
895 | |
896 @smallexample | |
897 -adobe-times-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-64-iso10646-1 | |
898 @end smallexample | |
899 | |
900 @noindent | |
901 the family name is ``times''. | |
902 | |
903 @noindent | |
904 @var{style-options} is a whitespace separated list of words where each word | |
905 is a style, variant, weight, or stretch. The default value for all of | |
906 these is @code{normal}. | |
907 | |
908 @noindent | |
909 A `style' corresponds to the fourth part of an X font name. In X font | |
910 names it is the character ``r'', ``i'' or ``o''; in Pango font names the | |
911 corresponding values are @code{normal}, @code{italic}, or @code{oblique}. | |
912 | |
913 @noindent | |
914 A `variant' is either @code{normal} or @code{small-caps}. | |
915 Small caps is a font with the lower case characters replaced by | |
916 smaller variants of the capital characters. | |
917 | |
918 @noindent | |
919 Weight describes the ``boldness'' of a font. It corresponds to the third | |
920 part of an X font name. It is one of @code{ultra-light}, @code{light}, | |
921 @code{normal}, @code{bold}, @code{ultra-bold}, or @code{heavy}. | |
922 | |
923 @noindent | |
924 Stretch gives the width of the font relative to other designs within a | |
925 family. It corresponds to the fifth part of an X font name. It is one of | |
926 @code{ultra-condensed}, @code{extra-condensed}, @code{condensed}, | |
927 @code{semi-condensed}, @code{normal}, @code{semi-expanded}, | |
928 @code{expanded}, @code{extra-expanded}, or @code{ultra-expanded}. | |
929 | |
930 @noindent | |
931 @var{size} is a decimal number that describes the font size in points. |