annotate man/autotype.texi @ 83864:d935eac5e18d

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author Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org>
date Mon, 03 Sep 2007 06:18:58 +0000
parents 88224dc74061
children 02b9a9aa5b0c e6fdae9180d4
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1 \input texinfo
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2 @c This is an annex of the Emacs manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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4 @c 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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5 @c Author: Daniel.Pfeiffer@Informatik.START.dbp.de, fax (+49 69) 7588-2389
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6 @setfilename ../info/autotype
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7 @c @node Autotypist, Picture, Abbrevs, Top
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8 @c @chapter Features for Automatic Typing
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9 @settitle Features for Automatic Typing
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10 @c @cindex text
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11 @c @cindex selfinserting text
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12 @c @cindex autotypist
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13
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14 @copying
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15 Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
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16 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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17
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18 @quotation
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19 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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20 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
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21 any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
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22 Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
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23 ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
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24 Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
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25 license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
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26 License'' in the Emacs manual.
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27
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28 (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
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29 this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
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30 Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
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31
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32 This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
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33 Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
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34 separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
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35 license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
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36 @end quotation
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37 @end copying
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38
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39 @dircategory Emacs
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40 @direntry
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41 * Autotype: (autotype). Convenient features for text that you enter frequently
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42 in Emacs.
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43 @end direntry
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44
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45 @titlepage
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46 @sp 10
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47
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48 @center @titlefont{Autotyping}
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49 @sp 2
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50 @center @subtitlefont{Convenient features for text that you enter
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51 frequently in Emacs}
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52 @sp 2
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53 @center Daniel Pfeiffer
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54 @center additions by Dave Love
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55
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56 @page
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57 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
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58 @insertcopying
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59 @end titlepage
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60
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61 @node Top
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62 @top Autotyping
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63
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64 Under certain circumstances you will find yourself typing similar things
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65 over and over again. This is especially true of form letters and programming
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66 language constructs. Project-specific header comments, flow-control
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67 constructs or magic numbers are essentially the same every time. Emacs has
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68 various features for doing tedious and repetitive typing chores for you
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69 in addition to the Abbrev features (@pxref{(emacs)Abbrevs}).
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70
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71 One solution is using skeletons, flexible rules that say what to
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72 insert, and how to do it. Various programming language modes offer some
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73 ready-to-use skeletons, and you can adapt them to suit your needs or
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74 taste, or define new ones.
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75
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76 Another feature is automatic insertion of what you want into empty files,
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77 depending on the file-name or the mode as appropriate. You can have a file or
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78 a skeleton inserted, or you can call a function. Then there is the
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79 possibility to have Un*x interpreter scripts automatically take on a magic
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80 number and be executable as soon as they are saved. Or you can have a
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81 copyright notice's year updated, if necessary, every time you save a
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82 file. Similarly for time stamps in the file.
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83
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84 URLs can be inserted based on a word at point. Flexible templates can
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85 be defined for inserting and navigating between text more generally. A
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86 sort of meta-expansion facility can be used to try a set of alternative
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87 completions and expansions of text at point.
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88
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89 @menu
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90 * Using Skeletons:: How to insert a skeleton into your text.
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91 * Wrapping Skeletons:: Putting existing text within a skeleton.
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92 * Skeletons as Abbrevs:: An alternative for issuing skeleton commands.
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93 * Skeleton Language:: Making skeleton commands insert what you want.
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94 * Inserting Pairs:: Typing one character and getting another
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95 after point.
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96 * Autoinserting:: Filling up empty files as soon as you visit them.
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97 * Copyrights:: Inserting and updating copyrights.
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98 * Executables:: Turning interpreter scripts into executables.
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99 * Timestamps:: Updating dates and times in modified files.
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100 * QuickURL:: Inserting URLs based on text at point.
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101 * Tempo:: Flexible template insertion.
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102 * Hippie Expand:: Expansion of text trying various methods.
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103
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104 * GNU Free Documentation License:: The license for this documentation.
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105 * Concept Index::
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106 * Command Index::
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107 * Variable Index::
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108 @end menu
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109
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110
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111
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112 @node Using Skeletons
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113 @chapter Using Skeletons
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114 @cindex skeletons
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115 @cindex using skeletons
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116
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117 When you want Emacs to insert a form letter or a typical construct of the
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118 programming language you are using, skeletons are a means of accomplishing
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119 this. Normally skeletons each have a command of their own, that, when called,
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120 will insert the skeleton. These commands can be issued in the usual ways
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121 (@pxref{(emacs)Commands}). Modes that offer various skeletons will often
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122 bind these to key-sequences on the @kbd{C-c} prefix, as well as having
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123 an @cite{Insert} menu and maybe even predefined abbrevs for them
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124 (@pxref{Skeletons as Abbrevs}).
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125
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126 The simplest kind of skeleton will simply insert some text indented
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127 according to the major mode and leave the cursor at a likely place in the
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128 middle. Interactive skeletons may prompt you for a string that will be part
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129 of the inserted text.
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130
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131 Skeletons may ask for input several times. They even have a looping
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132 mechanism in which you will be asked for input as long as you are willing to
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133 furnish it. An example would be multiple ``else if'' conditions. You can
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134 recognize this situation by a prompt ending in @key{RET}, @kbd{C-g}
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135 or @kbd{C-h}. This
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136 means that entering an empty string will simply assume that you are finished.
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137 Typing quit on the other hand terminates the loop but also the rest of the
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138 skeleton, e.g. an ``else'' clause is skipped. Only a syntactically necessary
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139 termination still gets inserted.
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140
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141
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142
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143 @node Wrapping Skeletons
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144 @chapter Wrapping Skeletons Around Existing Text
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145 @cindex wrapping skeletons
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146
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147 Often you will find yourself with some code that for whatever reason
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148 suddenly becomes conditional. Or you have written a bit of text and want to
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149 put it in the middle of a form letter. Skeletons provide a means for
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150 accomplishing this, and can even, in the case of programming languages,
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151 reindent the wrapped code for you.
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152
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153 Skeleton commands take an optional numeric prefix argument
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154 (@pxref{(emacs)Arguments}). This is interpreted in two different ways depending
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155 on whether the prefix is positive, i.e. forwards oriented or negative,
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156 i.e. backwards oriented.
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157
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158 A positive prefix means to wrap the skeleton around that many
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159 following words. This is accomplished by putting the words there where
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160 the point is normally left after that skeleton is inserted (@pxref{Using
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161 Skeletons}). The point (@pxref{(emacs)Point}) is left at the next
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162 interesting spot in the skeleton instead.
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163
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164 A negative prefix means to do something similar with that many precedingly
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165 marked interregions (@pxref{(emacs)Mark}). In the simplest case, if you type
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166 @kbd{M--} just before issuing the skeleton command, that will wrap the
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167 skeleton around the current region, just like a positive argument would have
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168 wrapped it around a number of words.
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169
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170 Smaller negative arguments will wrap that many interregions into successive
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171 interesting spots within the skeleton, again leaving the point at the next one.
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172 We speak about interregions rather than regions here, because we treat them in
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173 the order they appear in the buffer, which coincides with successive regions
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174 only if they were marked in order.
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175
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176 That is, if you marked in alphabetical order the points A B C [] (where []
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177 represents the point) and call a skeleton command with @kbd{M-- 3}, you will
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178 wrap the text from A to B into the first interesting spot of the skeleton, the
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179 text from B to C into the next one, the text from C to the point into the
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180 third one, and leave the point in the fourth one. If there are less marks in
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181 the buffer, or if the skeleton defines less interesting points, the surplus is
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182 ignored.
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183
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184 If, on the other hand, you marked in alphabetical order the points [] A C B,
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185 and call a skeleton command with @kbd{M-- 3}, you will wrap the text from
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186 point to A, then the text from A to C and finally the text from C to B. This
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187 is done because the regions overlap and Emacs would be helplessly lost if it
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188 tried to follow the order in which you marked these points.
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189
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190
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191
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192 @node Skeletons as Abbrevs
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193 @chapter Skeletons as Abbrev Expansions
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194 @cindex skeletons as abbrevs
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195
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196 Rather than use a key binding for every skeleton command, you can also
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197 define an abbreviation (@pxref{(emacs)Defining Abbrevs}) that will expand
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198 (@pxref{(emacs)Expanding Abbrevs}) into the skeleton.
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199
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200 Say you want @samp{ifst} to be an abbreviation for the C language if
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201 statement. You will tell Emacs that @samp{ifst} expands to the empty string
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202 and then calls the skeleton command. In Emacs Lisp you can say something like
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203 @code{(define-abbrev c-mode-abbrev-table "ifst" "" 'c-if)}. Or you can edit
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204 the output from @kbd{M-x list-abbrevs} to make it look like this:
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205
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206 @example
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207 (c-mode-abbrev-table)
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208 "if" 0 "" c-if
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209 @end example
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210
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211 @noindent
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212 (Some blank lines of no semantic significance, and other abbrev tables,
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213 have been omitted.)
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214
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215
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216
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217 @node Skeleton Language
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218 @chapter Skeleton Language
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219 @cindex skeleton language
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220
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221 @findex skeleton-insert
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222 Skeletons are an shorthand extension to the Lisp language, where various
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223 atoms directly perform either actions on the current buffer or rudimentary
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224 flow control mechanisms. Skeletons are interpreted by the function
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225 @code{skeleton-insert}.
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226
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227 A skeleton is a list starting with an interactor, which is usually a
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228 prompt-string, or @code{nil} when not needed, but can also be a Lisp
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229 expression for complex read functions or for returning some calculated value.
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230 The rest of the list are any number of elements as described in the following
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231 table:
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232
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233 @table @asis
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234 @item @code{"@var{string}"}, @code{?@var{c}}, @code{?\@var{c}}
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235 @vindex skeleton-transformation
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236 Insert string or character. Literal strings and characters are passed through
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237 @code{skeleton-transformation} when that is non-@code{nil}.
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238 @item @code{?\n}
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239 @c ??? something seems very wrong here.
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240 Insert a newline and align under current line. Use newline character
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241 @code{?\n} to prevent alignment.
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242 @item @code{_}
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243 Interesting point. When wrapping skeletons around successive regions, they are
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244 put at these places. Point is left at first @code{_} where nothing is wrapped.
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245 @item @code{>}
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246 Indent line according to major mode. When following element is @code{_}, and
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247 there is a interregion that will be wrapped here, indent that interregion.
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248 @item @code{&}
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249 Logical and. Iff preceding element moved point, i.e. usually inserted
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250 something, do following element.
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251 @item @code{|}
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252 Logical xor. Iff preceding element didn't move point, i.e. usually inserted
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253 nothing, do following element.
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254 @item @code{-@var{number}}
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255 Delete preceding number characters. Depends on value of
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256 @code{skeleton-untabify}.
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257 @item @code{()} or @code{nil}
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258 Ignored.
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259 @item @var{lisp-expression}
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260 Evaluated, and the return value is again interpreted as a skeleton element.
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261 @item @code{str}
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262 A special variable that, when evaluated the first time, usually prompts
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263 for input according to the skeleton's interactor. It is then set to the
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264 return value resulting from the interactor. Each subskeleton has its local
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265 copy of this variable.
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266 @item @code{v1}, @code{v2}
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267 Skeleton-local user variables.
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268 @item @code{'@var{expression}}
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269 Evaluate following Lisp expression for its side-effect, but prevent it from
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270 being interpreted as a skeleton element.
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271 @item @var{skeleton}
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272 Subskeletons are inserted recursively, not once, but as often as the user
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273 enters something at the subskeletons interactor. Thus there must be a
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274 @code{str} in the subskeleton. They can also be used non-interactively, when
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275 prompt is a lisp-expression that returns successive list-elements.
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276 @item @code{resume:}
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277 Ignored. Execution resumes here if the user quits during skeleton
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278 interpretation.
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279 @item @code{quit}
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280 A constant which is non-@code{nil} when the @code{resume:} section was entered
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281 because the user quit.
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282 @end table
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283
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284 @findex skeleton-further-elements
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285 Some modes also use other skeleton elements they themselves defined. For
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286 example in shell script mode's skeletons you will find @code{<} which does a
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287 rigid indentation backwards, or in CC mode's skeletons you find the
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288 self-inserting elements @code{@{} and @code{@}}. These are defined by the
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289 buffer-local variable @code{skeleton-further-elements} which is a list of
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290 variables bound while interpreting a skeleton.
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291
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292 @findex define-skeleton
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293 The macro @code{define-skeleton} defines a command for interpreting a
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294 skeleton. The first argument is the command name, the second is a
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295 documentation string, and the rest is an interactor and any number of skeleton
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296 elements together forming a skeleton. This skeleton is assigned to a variable
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297 of the same name as the command and can thus be overridden from your
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298 @file{~/.emacs} file (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}).
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299
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300
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301
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302 @node Inserting Pairs
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303 @chapter Inserting Matching Pairs of Characters
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304 @cindex inserting pairs
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305 @cindex pairs
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306
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307 Various characters usually appear in pairs. When, for example, you insert
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308 an open parenthesis, no matter whether you are programming or writing prose,
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309 you will surely enter a closing one later. By entering both at the same time
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310 and leaving the cursor inbetween, Emacs can guarantee you that such
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311 parentheses are always balanced. And if you have a non-qwerty keyboard, where
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312 typing some of the stranger programming language symbols makes you bend your
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313 fingers backwards, this can be quite relieving too.
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314
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315 @findex skeleton-pair-insert-maybe
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316 @vindex skeleton-pair
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317 This is done by binding the first key (@pxref{(emacs)Rebinding}) of
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318 the pair to @code{skeleton-pair-insert-maybe} instead of
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319 @code{self-insert-command}. The ``maybe'' comes from the fact that
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320 this at-first surprising behavior is initially turned off. To enable
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321 it, you must set @code{skeleton-pair} to some non-@code{nil} value.
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322 And even then, a positive argument (@pxref{(emacs)Arguments}) will
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323 make this key behave like a self-inserting key
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324 (@pxref{(emacs)Inserting Text}).
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325
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326 @vindex skeleton-pair-on-word
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327 While this breaks with the stated intention of always balancing pairs, it
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328 turns out that one often doesn't want pairing to occur, when the following
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329 character is part of a word. If you want pairing to occur even then, set
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330 @code{skeleton-pair-on-word} to some non-@code{nil} value.
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331
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332 @vindex skeleton-pair-alist
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333 Pairing is possible for all visible characters. By default the
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334 parenthesis @samp{(}, the square bracket @samp{[}, the brace
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335 @samp{@{}, the pointed bracket @samp{<} and the backquote @samp{`} all
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336 pair with the symmetrical character. All other characters pair
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337 themselves. This behavior can be modified by the variable
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338 @code{skeleton-pair-alist}. This is in fact an alist of skeletons
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339 (@pxref{Skeleton Language}), with the first part of each sublist
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340 matching the typed character. This is the position of the interactor,
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341 but since pairs don't need the @code{str} element, this is ignored.
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342
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343 Some modes have bound the command @code{skeleton-pair-insert-maybe}
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344 to relevant keys. These modes also configure the pairs as
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345 appropriate. For example, when typing english prose, you'd expect the
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346 backquote (@samp{`}) to pair with the quote (@samp{'}), while in Shell
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347 script mode it must pair to itself. They can also inhibit pairing in
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348 certain contexts. For example an escaped character stands for itself.
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349
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350
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351
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352 @node Autoinserting
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353 @chapter Autoinserting Text in Empty Files
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354 @cindex autoinserting
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355
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356 @findex auto-insert
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357 @kbd{M-x auto-insert} will put some predefined text at the beginning of
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358 the buffer. The main application for this function, as its name suggests,
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359 is to have it be called automatically every time an empty, and only an
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360 empty file is visited. This is accomplished by putting @code{(add-hook
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361 'find-file-hook 'auto-insert)} into your @file{~/.emacs} file
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362 (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}).
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363
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364 @vindex auto-insert-alist
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365 What gets inserted, if anything, is determined by the variable
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366 @code{auto-insert-alist}. The @sc{car}s of this list are each either
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367 a mode name, making an element applicable when a buffer is in that
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368 mode. Or they can be a string, which is a regexp matched against the
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369 buffer's file name. In that way different kinds of files that have
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370 the same mode in Emacs can be distinguished. The @sc{car}s may also
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371 be cons cells consisting of mode name or regexp as above and an
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372 additional descriptive string.
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373
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374 When a matching element is found, the @sc{cdr} says what to do. It may
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375 be a string, which is a file name, whose contents are to be inserted, if
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376 that file is found in the directory @code{auto-insert-directory} or under a
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377 absolute file name. Or it can be a skeleton (@pxref{Skeleton Language}) to
25848
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378 be inserted.
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379
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380 It can also be a function, which allows doing various things. The function
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381 can simply insert some text, indeed, it can be skeleton command (@pxref{Using
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382 Skeletons}). It can be a lambda function which will for example conditionally
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383 call another function. Or it can even reset the mode for the buffer. If you
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384 want to perform several such actions in order, you use a vector, i.e. several
36506
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385 of the above elements between square brackets (@samp{[@r{@dots{}}]}).
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386
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387 By default C and C++ headers insert a definition of a symbol derived from
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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388 the filename to prevent multiple inclusions. C and C++ sources insert an
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389 include of the header. Makefiles insert the file makefile.inc if it exists.
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390
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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391 TeX and bibTeX mode files insert the file tex-insert.tex if it exists, while
36330
a16d8ed56e9c (Autoinserting): Remove doubled `insert'.
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392 LaTeX mode files insert a typical @code{\documentclass} frame. Html
25848
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diff changeset
393 files insert a skeleton with the usual frame.
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394
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diff changeset
395 Ada mode files call the Ada header skeleton command. Emacs lisp
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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396 source files insert the usual header, with a copyright of your
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diff changeset
397 environment variable @env{$ORGANIZATION} or else the FSF, and prompt
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398 for valid keywords describing the contents. Files in a @file{bin}
46918
82d113655734 Minor spelling and grammar corrections.
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diff changeset
399 directory for which Emacs could determine no specialized mode
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400 (@pxref{(emacs)Choosing Modes}) are set to Shell script mode.
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401
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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402 @findex define-auto-insert
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403 In Lisp (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}) you can use the function
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diff changeset
404 @code{define-auto-insert} to add to or modify
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405 @code{auto-insert-alist}. See its documentation with @kbd{C-h f
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5ff790f43164 (Autoinserting): Fix small error.
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parents: 56097
diff changeset
406 define-auto-insert}.
25848
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407
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408 @vindex auto-insert
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diff changeset
409 The variable @code{auto-insert} says what to do when @code{auto-insert} is
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parents:
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410 called non-interactively, e.g. when a newly found file is empty (see above):
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diff changeset
411 @table @asis
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diff changeset
412 @item @code{nil}
25848
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413 Do nothing.
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414 @item @code{t}
25848
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diff changeset
415 Insert something if possible, i.e. there is a matching entry in
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parents:
diff changeset
416 @code{auto-insert-alist}.
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parents:
diff changeset
417 @item other
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diff changeset
418 Insert something if possible, but mark as unmodified.
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419 @end table
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420
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421 @vindex auto-insert-query
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422 The variable @code{auto-insert-query} controls whether to ask about
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423 inserting something. When this is @code{nil}, inserting is only done with
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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424 @kbd{M-x auto-insert}. When this is @code{function}, you are queried
25848
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diff changeset
425 whenever @code{auto-insert} is called as a function, such as when Emacs
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426 visits an empty file and you have set the above-mentioned hook. Otherwise
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
427 you are alway queried.
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parents:
diff changeset
428
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
429 @vindex auto-insert-prompt
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parents:
diff changeset
430 When querying, the variable @code{auto-insert-prompt}'s value is used as a
36506
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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diff changeset
431 prompt for a y-or-n-type question. If this includes a @samp{%s} construct,
25848
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diff changeset
432 that is replaced by what caused the insertion rule to be chosen. This is
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diff changeset
433 either a descriptive text, the mode-name of the buffer or the regular
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
434 expression that matched the filename.
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diff changeset
435
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
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436
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diff changeset
437
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
438 @node Copyrights
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983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
439 @chapter Inserting and Updating Copyrights
25848
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diff changeset
440 @cindex copyrights
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
442 @findex copyright
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 @kbd{M-x copyright} is a skeleton inserting command, that adds a copyright
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444 notice at the point. The ``by'' part is taken from your environment variable
36506
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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445 @env{$ORGANIZATION} or if that isn't set you are prompted for it. If the
26463
2bf82b32f9f8 Fix makeinfo errors.
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diff changeset
446 buffer has a comment syntax (@pxref{(emacs)Comments}), this is inserted as a comment.
25848
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447
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
448 @findex copyright-update
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
449 @vindex copyright-limit
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450 @vindex copyright-current-year
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
451 @kbd{M-x copyright-update} looks for a copyright notice in the first
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
452 @code{copyright-limit} characters of the buffer and updates it when necessary.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
453 The current year (variable @code{copyright-current-year}) is added to the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454 existing ones, in the same format as the preceding year, i.e. 1994, '94 or 94.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455 If a dash-separated year list up to last year is found, that is extended to
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 current year, else the year is added separated by a comma. Or it replaces
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 them when this is called with a prefix argument. If a header referring to a
26463
2bf82b32f9f8 Fix makeinfo errors.
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parents: 26151
diff changeset
458 wrong version of the GNU General Public License (@pxref{(emacs)Copying}) is found,
25848
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459 that is updated too.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 An interesting application for this function is to have it be called
56097
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
462 automatically every time a file is saved. This is accomplished by
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
463 putting @code{(add-hook 'before-save-hook 'copyright-update)} into
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
464 your @file{~/.emacs} file (@pxref{(emacs)Init File}). Alternative,
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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diff changeset
465 you can do @kbd{M-x customize-variable @key{RET} before-save-hook
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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diff changeset
466 @key{RET}}. @code{copyright-update} is conveniently listed as an
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
467 option in the customization buffer.
25848
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diff changeset
468
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
469 @vindex copyright-query
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
470 The variable @code{copyright-query} controls whether to update the
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
471 copyright or whether to ask about it. When this is @code{nil} updating is
36506
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472 only done with @kbd{M-x copyright-update}. When this is @code{function}
25848
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diff changeset
473 you are queried whenever @code{copyright-update} is called as a function,
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Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
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diff changeset
474 such as in the @code{before-save-hook} feature mentioned above. Otherwise
25848
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
475 you are always queried.
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diff changeset
476
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
477
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diff changeset
478
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
479 @node Executables
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diff changeset
480 @chapter Making Interpreter Scripts Executable
25848
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diff changeset
481 @cindex executables
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
482
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
483 @vindex executable-prefix
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
484 @vindex executable-chmod
36506
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diff changeset
485 Various interpreter modes such as Shell script mode or AWK mode will
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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diff changeset
486 automatically insert or update the buffer's magic number, a special
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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parents: 36330
diff changeset
487 comment on the first line that makes the @code{exec} systemcall know
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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diff changeset
488 how to execute the script. To this end the script is automatically
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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diff changeset
489 made executable upon saving, with @code{executable-chmod} as argument
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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parents: 36330
diff changeset
490 to the system @code{chmod} command. The magic number is prefixed by
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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parents: 36330
diff changeset
491 the value of @code{executable-prefix}.
25848
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492
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
493 @vindex executable-magicless-file-regexp
26151
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diff changeset
494 Any file whose name matches @code{executable-magicless-file-regexp} is not
25848
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parents:
diff changeset
495 furnished with a magic number, nor is it made executable. This is mainly
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
496 intended for resource files, which are only meant to be read in.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
497
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
498 @vindex executable-insert
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499 The variable @code{executable-insert} says what to do when
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
500 @code{executable-set-magic} is called non-interactively, e.g. when file has no
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 or the wrong magic number:
36506
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diff changeset
502 @table @asis
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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diff changeset
503 @item @code{nil}
25848
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parents:
diff changeset
504 Do nothing.
36506
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
505 @item @code{t}
25848
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diff changeset
506 Insert or update magic number.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
507 @item other
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 Insert or update magic number, but mark as unmodified.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509 @end table
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
510
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 @findex executable-set-magic
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
512 @vindex executable-query
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
513 The variable @code{executable-query} controls whether to ask about
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
514 inserting or updating the magic number. When this is @code{nil} updating
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
515 is only done with @kbd{M-x executable-set-magic}. When this is
36506
a75c13e39706 Fix Texinfo usage.
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parents: 36330
diff changeset
516 @code{function} you are queried whenever @code{executable-set-magic} is
25848
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 called as a function, such as when Emacs puts a buffer in Shell script
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 mode. Otherwise you are alway queried.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
519
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
520 @findex executable-self-display
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
521 @kbd{M-x executable-self-display} adds a magic number to the buffer, which
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
522 will turn it into a self displaying text file, when called as a Un*x command.
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523 The ``interpreter'' used is @code{executable-self-display} with argument
36506
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 36330
diff changeset
524 @samp{+2}.
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
525
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
526 @node Timestamps
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
527 @chapter Maintaining Timestamps in Modified Files
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
528 @cindex timestamps
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
529
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diff changeset
530 @findex time-stamp
56097
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
531 @vindex before-save-hook
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
532 The @code{time-stamp} command can be used to update automatically a
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
533 template in a file with a new time stamp every time you save the file.
56097
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
534 Customize the hook @code{before-save-hook} to add the function
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
535 @code{time-stamp} to arrange this. It you use Custom to do this,
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
536 then @code{time-stamp} is conveniently listed as an option in the
b5382c383798 (Copyrights, Timestamps): Recommend `before-save-hook' instead of
Luc Teirlinck <teirllm@auburn.edu>
parents: 55201
diff changeset
537 customization buffer.
26151
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diff changeset
538
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
539 @vindex time-stamp-active
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
540 @vindex time-stamp-format
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
541 @vindex time-stamp-start
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
542 The time stamp is updated only if the customizable variable
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
543 @code{time-stamp-active} is on, which it is by default; the command
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Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
544 @code{time-stamp-toggle-active} can be used to toggle it. The format of
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
545 the time stamp is set by the customizable variable
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
546 @code{time-stamp-format}.
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
547
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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diff changeset
548 @vindex time-stamp-line-limit
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
549 @vindex time-stamp-end
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
550 @vindex time-stamp-count
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
551 @vindex time-stamp-inserts-lines
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
552 The variables @code{time-stamp-line-limit}, @code{time-stamp-start},
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
553 @code{time-stamp-end}, @code{time-stamp-count}, and
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
554 @code{time-stamp-inserts-lines} control finding the template. Do not
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
555 change these in your init file or you will be incompatible with other
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
Dave Love <fx@gnu.org>
parents: 25848
diff changeset
556 people's files. If you must change them, do so only in the local
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 25848
diff changeset
557 variables section of the file itself.
983ad33e1d97 *** empty log message ***
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558
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559 Normally the template must appear in the first 8 lines of a file and
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560 look like one of the following:
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561
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562 @example
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563 Time-stamp: <>
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564 Time-stamp: " "
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565 @end example
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566
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567 The time stamp is written between the brackets or quotes:
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568
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569 @example
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570 Time-stamp: <1998-02-18 10:20:51 gildea>
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571 @end example
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572
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573 @node QuickURL
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574 @chapter QuickURL: Inserting URLs Based on Text at Point
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575
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576 @vindex quickurl-url-file
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577 @findex quickurl
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578 @cindex URLs
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579 @kbd{M-x quickurl} can be used to insert a URL into a buffer based on
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580 the text at point. The URLs are stored in an external file defined by
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581 the variable @code{quickurl-url-file} as a list of either cons cells of
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582 the form @code{(@var{key} . @var{URL})} or
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583 lists of the form @code{(@var{key} @var{URL} @var{comment})}. These
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584 specify that @kbd{M-x quickurl} should insert @var{URL} if the word
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585 @var{key} is at point, for example:
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586
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587 @example
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588 (("FSF" "http://www.fsf.org/" "The Free Software Foundation")
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589 ("emacs" . "http://www.emacs.org/")
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590 ("hagbard" "http://www.hagbard.demon.co.uk" "Hagbard's World"))
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591 @end example
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592
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593 @findex quickurl-add-url
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594 @findex quickurl-list
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595 @kbd{M-x quickurl-add-url} can be used to add a new @var{key}/@var{URL}
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596 pair. @kbd{M-x quickurl-list} provides interactive editing of the URL
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597 list.
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598
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599 @node Tempo
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600 @chapter Tempo: Flexible Template Insertion
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601
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602 @cindex templates
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603 The Tempo package provides a simple way to define powerful templates, or
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604 macros, if you wish. It is mainly intended for, but not limited to,
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605 programmers to be used for creating shortcuts for editing
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606 certain kinds of documents.
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607
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608 @findex tempo-backward-mark
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609 @findex tempo-forward-mark
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610 A template is defined as a list of items to be inserted in the current
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611 buffer at point. Some can be simple strings, while others can control
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612 formatting or define special points of interest in the inserted text.
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613 @kbd{M-x tempo-backward-mark} and @kbd{M-x tempo-forward-mark} can be
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614 used to jump between such points.
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615
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616 More flexible templates can be created by including Lisp symbols, which
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a16d8ed56e9c (Autoinserting): Remove doubled `insert'.
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617 will be evaluated as variables, or lists, which will be evaluated
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618 as Lisp expressions. Automatic completion of specified tags to expanded
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619 templates can be provided.
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620
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621 @findex tempo-define-template
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622 See the documentation for @code{tempo-define-template} for the different
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623 items that can be used to define a tempo template with a command for
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624 inserting it.
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625
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626 See the commentary in @file{tempo.el} for more information on using the
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627 Tempo package.
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628
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629 @node Hippie Expand
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630 @chapter `Hippie' Expansion
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631
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632 @findex hippie-expand
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633 @kindex M-/
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634 @vindex hippie-expand-try-functions-list
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635 @kbd{M-x hippie-expand} is a single command providing a variety of
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636 completions and expansions. Called repeatedly, it tries all possible
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637 completions in succession.
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638
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639 Which ones to try, and in which order, is determined by the contents of
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640 the customizable option @code{hippie-expand-try-functions-list}. Much
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641 customization of the expansion behavior can be made by changing the
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642 order of, removing, or inserting new functions in this list. Given a
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643 positive numeric argument, @kbd{M-x hippie-expand} jumps directly that
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644 number of functions forward in this list. Given some other argument (a
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645 negative argument or just @kbd{C-u}) it undoes the tried completion.
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646
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647 See the commentary in @file{hippie-exp.el} for more information on the
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648 possibilities.
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649
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650 Typically you would bind @code{hippie-expand} to @kbd{M-/} with
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651 @code{dabbrev-expand}, the standard binding of @kbd{M-/}, providing one
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652 of the expansion possibilities.
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653
77235
88224dc74061 Include GFDL.
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654 @node GNU Free Documentation License
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655 @appendix GNU Free Documentation License
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656 @include doclicense.texi
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657
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658 @node Concept Index
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659 @unnumbered Concept Index
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660 @printindex cp
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661
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662 @node Command Index
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663 @unnumbered Command Index
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664 @printindex fn
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665
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666 @node Variable Index
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667 @unnumbered Variable Index
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668 @printindex vr
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669
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670 @setchapternewpage odd
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671 @contents
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672 @bye
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673
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674 @ignore
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675 arch-tag: 54001b27-5ef8-4a9d-a199-905d650fafba
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676 @end ignore