annotate =PROBLEMS @ 2319:d98c49df2acd

Added or corrected Commentary section
author Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>
date Mon, 22 Mar 1993 22:44:33 +0000
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1 This file describes various problems that have been encountered
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2 in compiling, installing and running GNU Emacs.
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3
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4 * `Pid xxx killed due to text modification or page I/O error'
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5
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6 On HP/UX, you can get that error when the Emacs executable is on an NFS
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7 file system. HP/UX responds this way if it tries to swap in a page and
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8 does not get a response from the server within a timeout whose default
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9 value is just ten seconds.
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11 If this happens to you, extend the timeout period.
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13 * `expand-file-name' fails to work on any but the machine you dumped Emacs on.
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15 On Ultrix, if you use any of the functions which look up information
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16 in the passwd database before dumping Emacs (say, by using
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17 expand-file-name in site-init.el), then those functions will not work
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18 in the dumped Emacs on any host but the one Emacs was dumped on.
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19
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20 The solution? Don't use expand-file-name in site-init.el, or in
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21 anything it loads. Yuck - some solution.
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22
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23 I'm not sure why this happens; if you can find out exactly what is
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24 going on, and perhaps find a fix or a workaround, please let us know.
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25 Perhaps the YP functions cache some information, the cache is included
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26 in the dumped Emacs, and is then inaccurate on any other host.
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28 * On some variants of SVR4, Emacs does not work at all with X.
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29
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30 Try defining BROKEN_FIONREAD in your config.h file. If this solves
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31 the problem, please send a bug report to tell us this is needed; be
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32 sure to say exactly what type of machine and system you are using.
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33
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34 * Linking says that the functions insque and remque are undefined.
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35
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36 Change oldXMenu/Makefile by adding insque.o to the variable OBJS.
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37
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38 * Emacs fails to understand most Internet host names, even though
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39 the names work properly with other programs on the same system.
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40
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41 This typically happens on Suns and other systems that use shared
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42 libraries. The cause is that the site has installed a version of the
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43 shared library which uses a name server--but has not installed a
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44 similiar version of the unshared library which Emacs uses.
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45
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46 The result is that most programs, using the shared library, work with
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47 the nameserver, but Emacs does not.
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48
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49 The fix is to install an unshared library that corresponds to what you
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50 installed in the shared library, and then relink Emacs.
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51
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52 * On a Sun running SunOS 4.1.1, you get this error message from GNU ld:
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53
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54 /lib/libc.a(_Q_sub.o): Undefined symbol __Q_get_rp_rd referenced from text segment
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55
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56 The problem is in the Sun shared C library, not in GNU ld.
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57
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58 The solution is to install Patch-ID# 100267-03 from Sun.
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59
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60 * Self documentation messages are garbled.
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61
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62 This means that the file `etc/DOC-...' doesn't properly correspond
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63 with the Emacs executable. Redumping Emacs and then installing the
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64 corresponding pair of files should fix the problem.
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65
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66 * M-x shell immediately responds "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1".
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67
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68 This is often due to inability to run the program `env'.
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69 This should be in the `etc' subdirectory of the directory
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70 where Emacs is installed, and it should be marked executable.
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71
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72 * Trouble using ptys on AIX.
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73
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74 People often instll the pty devices on AIX incorrectly.
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75 Use `smit pty' to reinstall them properly.
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76
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77 * Shell mode on HP/UX gives the message, "`tty`: Ambiguous".
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78
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79 christos@theory.tn.cornell.edu says:
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80
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81 The problem is that in your .cshrc you have something that tries to
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82 execute `tty`. If you are not running the shell on a real tty then
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83 tty will print "not a tty". Csh expects one word in some places,
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84 but tty is giving it back 3.
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85
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86 The solution is to add a pair of quotes around `tty` to make it a single
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87 word:
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88
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89 if (`tty` == "/dev/console")
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90
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91 should be changed to:
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92
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93 if ("`tty`" == "/dev/console")
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94
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95 Even better, move things that set up terminal sections out of .cshrc
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96 and into .login.
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97
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98 * Using X Windows, control-shift-leftbutton makes Emacs hang.
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99
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100 Use the shell command `xset bc' to make the old X Menu package work.
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101
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102 * Emacs running under X Windows does not handle mouse clicks.
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103 * `emacs -geometry 80x20' finds a file named `80x20'.
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104
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105 One cause of such problems is having (setq term-file-prefix nil) in
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106 your .emacs file. Another cause is a bad value of EMACSLOADPATH in
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107 the environment.
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108
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109 * Emacs starts in a directory other than the one that is current in the shell.
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110
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111 If the PWD environment variable exists, Emacs uses this variable as
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112 the initial working directory.
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113
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114 Some shells automatically update this variable, while other shells fail
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115 to do so. If you use two such shells in combination, the variable can
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116 end up wrong. This confuses Emacs.
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117
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118 The solution is to put something in the start-up file for the shell
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119 that does not update PWD, to get rid of that environment variable.
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120 For example, in csh, use `unsetenv PWD'.
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121
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122 * Emacs gets error message from linker on Sun.
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123
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124 If the error message says that a symbol such as `f68881_used' or
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125 `ffpa_used' or `start_float' is undefined, this probably indicates
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126 that you have compiled some libraries, such as the X libraries,
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127 with a floating point option other than the default.
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128
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129 It's not terribly hard to make this work with small changes in
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130 crt0.c together with linking with Fcrt1.o, Wcrt1.o or Mcrt1.o.
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131 However, the easiest approach is to build Xlib with the default
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132 floating point option: -fsoft.
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133
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134 * Emacs fails to get default settings from X Windows server.
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135
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136 The X library in X11R4 has a bug; it interchanges the 2nd and 3rd
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137 arguments to XGetDefaults. Define the macro XBACKWARDS in config.h to
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138 tell Emacs to compensate for this.
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139
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140 I don't believe there is any way Emacs can determine for itself
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141 whether this problem is present on a given system.
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142
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143 * Keyboard input gets confused after a beep when using a DECserver
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144 as a concentrator.
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145
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146 This problem seems to be a matter of configuring the DECserver to use
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147 7 bit characters rather than 8 bit characters.
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148
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149 * M-x shell persistently reports "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1".
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150
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151 This happened on Suns as a result of what is said to be a bug in Sunos
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152 version 4.0.x. The only fix was to reboot the machine.
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153
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154 * Programs running under terminal emulator do not recognize `emacs'
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155 terminal type.
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156
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157 The cause of this is a shell startup file that sets the TERMCAP
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158 environment variable. The terminal emulator uses that variable to
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159 provide the information on the special terminal type that Emacs
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160 emulates.
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161
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162 Rewrite your shell startup file so that it does not change TERMCAP
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163 in such a case. You could use the following conditional which sets
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164 it only if it is undefined.
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165
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166 if ( ! ${?TERMCAP} ) setenv TERMCAP ~/my-termcap-file
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167
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168 Or you could set TERMCAP only when you set TERM--which should not
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169 happen in a non-login shell.
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170
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171 * Error compiling sysdep.c, "sioctl.h: no such file or directory".
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172
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173 Among USG systems with TIOCGWINSZ, some require sysdep.c to include
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174 the file sioctl.h; on others, sioctl.h does not exist. We don't know
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175 how to distinguish these two kind of systems, so currently we try to
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176 include sioctl.h on all of them. If this #include gets an error, just
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177 delete it.
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178
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179 * X Windows doesn't work if DISPLAY uses a hostname.
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180
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181 People have reported kernel bugs in certain systems that cause Emacs
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182 not to work with X Windows if DISPLAY is set using a host name. But
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183 the problem does not occur if DISPLAY is set to `unix:0.0'. I think
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184 the bug has to do with SIGIO or FIONREAD.
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185
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186 You may be able to compensate for the bug by doing (set-input-mode nil nil).
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187 However, that has the disadvantage of turning off interrupts, so that
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188 you are unable to quit out of a Lisp program by typing C-g.
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189
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190 The easy way to do this is to put
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191
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192 (setq x-sigio-bug t)
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193
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194 in your site-init.el file.
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195
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196 * Problem with remote X server on Suns.
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197
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198 On a Sun, running Emacs on one machine with the X server on another
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199 may not work if you have used the unshared system libraries. This
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200 is because the unshared libraries fail to use YP for host name lookup.
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201 As a result, the host name you specify may not be recognized.
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202
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203 * Watch out for .emacs files and EMACSLOADPATH environment vars
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204
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205 These control the actions of Emacs.
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206 ~/.emacs is your Emacs init file.
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207 EMACSLOADPATH overrides which directories the function
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208 "load" will search.
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209
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210 If you observe strange problems, check for these and get rid
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211 of them, then try again.
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212
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213 * Shell mode ignores interrupts on Apollo Domain
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214
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215 You may find that M-x shell prints the following message:
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216
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217 Warning: no access to tty; thus no job control in this shell...
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218
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219 This can happen if there are not enough ptys on your system.
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220 Here is how to make more of them.
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221
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222 % cd /dev
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223 % ls pty*
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224 # shows how many pty's you have. I had 8, named pty0 to pty7)
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225 % /etc/crpty 8
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226 # creates eight new pty's
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227
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228 * Fatal signal in the command temacs -l loadup inc dump
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229
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230 This command is the final stage of building Emacs. It is run by the
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231 Makefile in the src subdirectory, or by build.com on VMS.
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232
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233 It has been known to get fatal errors due to insufficient swapping
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234 space available on the machine.
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235
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236 On 68000's, it has also happened because of bugs in the
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237 subroutine `alloca'. Verify that `alloca' works right, even
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238 for large blocks (many pages).
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239
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240 * test-distrib says that the distribution has been clobbered
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241 * or, temacs prints "Command key out of range 0-127"
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242 * or, temacs runs and dumps xemacs, but xemacs totally fails to work.
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243 * or, temacs gets errors dumping xemacs
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244
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245 This can be because the .elc files have been garbled. Do not be
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246 fooled by the fact that most of a .elc file is text: these are
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247 binary files and can contain all 256 byte values.
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248
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249 In particular `shar' cannot be used for transmitting GNU Emacs.
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250 It typically truncates "lines". What appear to be "lines" in
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251 a binary file can of course be of any length. Even once `shar'
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252 itself is made to work correctly, `sh' discards null characters
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253 when unpacking the shell archive.
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254
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255 I have also seen character \177 changed into \377. I do not know
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256 what transfer means caused this problem. Various network
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257 file transfer programs are suspected of clobbering the high bit.
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258
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259 The only verified ways to transfer GNU Emacs are `tar', kermit (in
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260 binary mode on Unix), and rcp or internet ftp between two Unix systems,
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261 or chaosnet cftp using raw mode.
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262
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263 If you have a copy of Emacs that has been damaged in its
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264 nonprinting characters, you can fix them:
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265
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266 1) Record the names of all the .elc files.
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267 2) Delete all the .elc files.
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268 3) Recompile alloc.c with a value of PURESIZE twice as large.
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269 You might as well save the old alloc.o.
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270 4) Remake xemacs. It should work now.
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271 5) Running xemacs, do Meta-x byte-compile-file repeatedly
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272 to recreate all the .elc files that used to exist.
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273 You may need to increase the value of the variable
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274 max-lisp-eval-depth to succeed in running the compiler interpreted
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275 on certain .el files. 400 was sufficient as of last report.
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276 6) Reinstall the old alloc.o (undoing changes to alloc.c if any)
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277 and remake temacs.
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278 7) Remake xemacs. It should work now, with valid .elc files.
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279
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280 * temacs prints "Pure Lisp storage exhausted"
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281
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282 This means that the Lisp code loaded from the .elc and .el
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283 files during temacs -l loadup inc dump took up more
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284 space than was allocated.
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285
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286 This could be caused by
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287 1) adding code to the preloaded Lisp files
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288 2) adding more preloaded files in loadup.el
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289 3) having a site-init.el or site-load.el which loads files.
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290 Note that ANY site-init.el or site-load.el is nonstandard;
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291 if you have received Emacs from some other site
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292 and it contains a site-init.el or site-load.el file, consider
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293 deleting that file.
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294 4) getting the wrong .el or .elc files
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295 (not from the directory you expected).
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296 5) deleting some .elc files that are supposed to exist.
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297 This would cause the source files (.el files) to be
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298 loaded instead. They take up more room, so you lose.
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299 6) a bug in the Emacs distribution which underestimates
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300 the space required.
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301
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302 If the need for more space is legitimate, change the definition
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303 of PURESIZE in puresize.h.
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304
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305 But in some of the cases listed above, this problem is a consequence
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306 of something else that is wrong. Be sure to check and fix the real
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307 problem.
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308
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309 * Changes made to .el files do not take effect.
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310
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311 You may have forgotten to recompile them into .elc files.
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312 Then the old .elc files will be loaded, and your changes
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313 will not be seen. To fix this, do M-x byte-recompile-directory
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314 and specify the directory that contains the Lisp files.
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315
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316 * The dumped Emacs (xemacs) crashes when run, trying to write pure data.
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317
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318 Two causes have been seen for such problems.
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319
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320 1) On a system where getpagesize is not a system call, it is defined
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321 as a macro. If the definition (in both unexec.c and malloc.c) is wrong,
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322 it can cause problems like this. You might be able to find the correct
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323 value in the man page for a.out (5).
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324
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325 2) Some systems allocate variables declared static among the
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326 initialized variables. Emacs makes all initialized variables in most
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327 of its files pure after dumping, but the variables declared static and
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328 not initialized are not supposed to be pure. On these systems you
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329 may need to add "#define static" to the m- or the s- file.
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330
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331 * Compilation errors on VMS.
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332
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333 You will get warnings when compiling on VMS because there are
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334 variable names longer than 32 (or whatever it is) characters.
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335 This is not an error. Ignore it.
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336
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337 VAX C does not support #if defined(foo). Uses of this construct
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338 were removed, but some may have crept back in. They must be rewritten.
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339
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340 There is a bug in the C compiler which fails to sign extend characters
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341 in conditional expressions. The bug is:
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342 char c = -1, d = 1;
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343 int i;
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344
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345 i = d ? c : d;
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346 The result is i == 255; the fix is to typecast the char in the
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347 conditional expression as an (int). Known occurrences of such
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348 constructs in Emacs have been fixed.
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349
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350 * rmail gets error getting new mail
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351
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352 rmail gets new mail from /usr/spool/mail/$USER using a program
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353 called `movemail'. This program interlocks with /bin/mail using
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354 the protocol defined by /bin/mail.
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355
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356 There are two different protocols in general use. One of them uses
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357 the `flock' system call. The other involves creating a lock file;
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358 `movemail' must be able to write in /usr/spool/mail in order to do
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359 this. You control which one is used by defining, or not defining,
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360 the macro MAIL_USE_FLOCK in config.h or the m- or s- file it includes.
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361 IF YOU DON'T USE THE FORM OF INTERLOCKING THAT IS NORMAL ON YOUR
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362 SYSTEM, YOU CAN LOSE MAIL!
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363
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364 If your system uses the lock file protocol, and fascist restrictions
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365 prevent ordinary users from writing the lock files in /usr/spool/mail,
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366 you may need to make `movemail' setgid to a suitable group such as
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367 `mail'. You can use these commands (as root):
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368
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369 chgrp mail movemail
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370 chmod 2755 movemail
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371
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372 * Emacs won't work with X-windows if the value of DISPLAY is HOSTNAME:0.
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373 * GNUs can't make contact with the specified host for nntp.
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374
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375 Some people have found that Emacs was unable to connect to the local
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376 host by name, as in DISPLAY=prep:0 if you are running on prep, but
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377 could handle DISPLAY=unix:0. Here is what tale@rpi.edu said:
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378
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379 Seems as
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380 though gethostbyname was bombing somewhere along the way. Well, we
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381 had just upgrade from SunOS 3.5 (which X11 was built under) to SunOS
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382 4.0.1. Any new X applications which tried to be built with the pre
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383 OS-upgrade libraries had the same problems which Emacs was having.
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384 Missing /etc/resolv.conf for a little while (when one of the libraries
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385 was built?) also might have had a hand in it.
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386
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387 The result of all of this (with some speculation) was that we rebuilt
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388 X and then rebuilt Emacs with the new libraries. Works as it should
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389 now. Hoorah.
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390
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391 If you have already installed the name resolver in the file libresolv.a,
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392 then you need to compile Emacs to use that library. The easiest way to
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393 do this is to add to config.h a definition of LIBS_SYSTEM, LIBS_MACHINE
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394 or LIB_STANDARD which uses -lresolv. Watch out! If you redefine a macro
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395 that is already in use in your configuration to supply some other libraries,
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396 be careful not to lose the others.
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397
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398 Thus, you could start by adding this to config.h:
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399
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400 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv
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401
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402 Then if this gives you an error for redefining a macro, and you see that
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403 the s- file defines LIBS_SYSTEM as -lfoo -lbar, you could change config.h
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404 again to say this:
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405
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406 #define LIBS_SYSTEM -lresolv -lfoo -lbar
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407
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408 * Emacs spontaneously displays "I-search: " at the bottom of the screen.
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409
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410 This means that Control-S/Control-Q "flow control" is being used.
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411 C-s/C-q flow control is bad for Emacs editors because it takes away
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412 C-s and C-q as user commands. Since editors do not output long streams
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413 of text without user commands, there is no need for a user-issuable
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414 "stop output" command in an editor; therefore, a properly designed
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415 flow control mechanism would transmit all possible input characters
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416 without interference. Designing such a mechanism is easy, for a person
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417 with at least half a brain.
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418
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419 There are three possible reasons why flow control could be taking place:
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420
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421 1) Terminal has not been told to disable flow control
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422 2) Insufficient padding for the terminal in use
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423 3) Some sort of terminal concentrator or line switch is responsible
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424
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425 First of all, many terminals have a set-up mode which controls
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426 whether they generate flow control characters. This must be
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427 set to "no flow control" in order for Emacs to work. Sometimes
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428 there is an escape sequence that the computer can send to turn
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429 flow control off and on. If so, perhaps the termcap `ti' string
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430 should turn flow control off, and the `te' string should turn it on.
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431
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432 Once the terminal has been told "no flow control", you may find it
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433 needs more padding. The amount of padding Emacs sends is controlled
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434 by the termcap entry for the terminal in use, and by the output baud
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435 rate as known by the kernel. The shell command `stty' will print
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436 your output baud rate; `stty' with suitable arguments will set it if
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437 it is wrong. Setting to a higher speed causes increased padding. If
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438 the results are wrong for the correct speed, there is probably a
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439 problem in the termcap entry. You must speak to a local Unix wizard
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440 to fix this. Perhaps you are just using the wrong terminal type.
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441
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442 For terminals that lack a "no flow control" mode, sometimes just
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443 giving lots of padding will prevent actual generation of flow control
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444 codes. You might as well try it.
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445
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446 If you are really unlucky, your terminal is connected to the computer
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447 through a concentrator which sends flow control to the computer, or it
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448 insists on sending flow control itself no matter how much padding you
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449 give it. You are screwed! You should replace the terminal or
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450 concentrator with a properly designed one. In the mean time,
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451 some drastic measures can make Emacs semi-work.
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452
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453 One drastic measure to ignore C-s and C-q, while sending enough
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454 padding that the terminal will not really lose any output.
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455 Ignoring C-s and C-q can be done by using keyboard-translate-table
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456 to map them into an undefined character such as C-^ or C-\. Sending
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457 lots of padding is done by changing the termcap entry. Here is how
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458 to make such a keyboard-translate-table:
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459
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460 (let ((the-table (make-string 128 0)))
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461 ;; Default is to translate each character into itself.
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462 (let ((i 0))
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463 (while (< i 128)
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464 (aset the-table i i)
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465 (setq i (1+ i))))
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466 ;; Swap C-s with C-\
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467 (aset the-table ?\C-\\ ?\C-s)
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468 (aset the-table ?\C-s ?\C-\\)
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469 ;; Swap C-q with C-^
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470 (aset the-table ?\C-^ ?\C-q)
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471 (aset the-table ?\C-q ?\C-^)
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472 (setq keyboard-translate-table the-table))
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473
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474 An even more drastic measure is to make Emacs use flow control.
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475 To do this, evaluate the Lisp expression (set-input-mode nil t).
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476 Emacs will then interpret C-s and C-q as flow control commands. (More
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477 precisely, it will allow the kernel to do so as it usually does.) You
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478 will lose the ability to use them for Emacs commands. Also, as a
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479 consequence of using CBREAK mode, the terminal's Meta-key, if any,
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480 will not work, and C-g will be liable to cause a loss of output which
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481 will produce garbage on the screen. (These problems apply to 4.2BSD;
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482 they may not happen in 4.3 or VMS, and I don't know what would happen
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483 in sysV.) You can use keyboard-translate-table, as shown above,
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484 to map two other input characters (such as C-^ and C-\) into C-s and
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485 C-q, so that you can still search and quote.
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486
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487 I have no intention of ever redisigning the Emacs command set for
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488 the assumption that terminals use C-s/C-q flow control. This
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489 flow control technique is a bad design, and terminals that need
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490 it are bad merchandise and should not be purchased. If you can
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491 get some use out of GNU Emacs on inferior terminals, I am glad,
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492 but I will not make Emacs worse for properly designed systems
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493 for the sake of inferior systems.
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494
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495 * Control-S and Control-Q commands are ignored completely.
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496
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497 For some reason, your system is using brain-damaged C-s/C-q flow
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498 control despite Emacs's attempts to turn it off. Perhaps your
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499 terminal is connected to the computer through a concentrator
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500 that wants to use flow control.
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501
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502 You should first try to tell the concentrator not to use flow control.
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503 If you succeed in this, try making the terminal work without
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504 flow control, as described in the preceding section.
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505
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506 If that line of approach is not successful, map some other characters
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507 into C-s and C-q using keyboard-translate-table. The example above
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508 shows how to do this with C-^ and C-\.
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509
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510 * Control-S and Control-Q commands are ignored completely on a net connection.
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511
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512 Some versions of rlogin (and possibly telnet) do not pass flow
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513 control characters to the remote system to which they connect.
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514 On such systems, emacs on the remote system cannot disable flow
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515 control on the local system.
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516
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517 One way to cure this is to disable flow control on the local host
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518 (the one running rlogin, not the one running rlogind) using the
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diff changeset
519 stty command, before starting the rlogin process. On many systems,
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diff changeset
520 "stty start u stop u" will do this.
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diff changeset
521
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522 Some versions of tcsh will prevent even this from working. One way
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523 around this is to start another shell before starting rlogin, and
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diff changeset
524 issue the stty command to disable flow control from that shell.
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diff changeset
525
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526 * Screen is updated wrong, but only on one kind of terminal.
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527
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528 This could mean that the termcap entry you are using for that
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diff changeset
529 terminal is wrong, or it could mean that Emacs has a bug handing
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diff changeset
530 the combination of features specified for that terminal.
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diff changeset
531
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532 The first step in tracking this down is to record what characters
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diff changeset
533 Emacs is sending to the terminal. Execute the Lisp expression
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diff changeset
534 (open-termscript "./emacs-script") to make Emacs write all
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diff changeset
535 terminal output into the file ~/emacs-script as well; then do
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diff changeset
536 what makes the screen update wrong, and look at the file
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diff changeset
537 and decode the characters using the manual for the terminal.
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diff changeset
538 There are several possibilities:
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539
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540 1) The characters sent are correct, according to the terminal manual.
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diff changeset
541
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diff changeset
542 In this case, there is no obvious bug in Emacs, and most likely you
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diff changeset
543 need more padding, or possibly the terminal manual is wrong.
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544
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545 2) The characters sent are incorrect, due to an obscure aspect
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546 of the terminal behavior not described in an obvious way
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547 by termcap.
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548
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549 This case is hard. It will be necessary to think of a way for
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diff changeset
550 Emacs to distinguish between terminals with this kind of behavior
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551 and other terminals that behave subtly differently but are
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552 classified the same by termcap; or else find an algorithm for
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553 Emacs to use that avoids the difference. Such changes must be
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554 tested on many kinds of terminals.
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555
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556 3) The termcap entry is wrong.
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557
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558 See the file etc/TERMS for information on changes
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559 that are known to be needed in commonly used termcap entries
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560 for certain terminals.
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561
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562 4) The characters sent are incorrect, and clearly cannot be
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563 right for any terminal with the termcap entry you were using.
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564
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565 This is unambiguously an Emacs bug, and can probably be fixed
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566 in termcap.c, tparam.c, term.c, scroll.c, cm.c or dispnew.c.
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567
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568 * Output from Control-V is slow.
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569
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570 On many bit-map terminals, scrolling operations are fairly slow.
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diff changeset
571 Often the termcap entry for the type of terminal in use fails
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572 to inform Emacs of this. The two lines at the bottom of the screen
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diff changeset
573 before a Control-V command are supposed to appear at the top after
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diff changeset
574 the Control-V command. If Emacs thinks scrolling the lines is fast,
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diff changeset
575 it will scroll them to the top of the screen.
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diff changeset
576
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diff changeset
577 If scrolling is slow but Emacs thinks it is fast, the usual reason is
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diff changeset
578 that the termcap entry for the terminal you are using does not
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parents:
diff changeset
579 specify any padding time for the `al' and `dl' strings. Emacs
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diff changeset
580 concludes that these operations take only as much time as it takes to
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parents:
diff changeset
581 send the commands at whatever line speed you are using. You must
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parents:
diff changeset
582 fix the termcap entry to specify, for the `al' and `dl', as much
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parents:
diff changeset
583 time as the operations really take.
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parents:
diff changeset
584
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diff changeset
585 Currently Emacs thinks in terms of serial lines which send characters
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parents:
diff changeset
586 at a fixed rate, so that any operation which takes time for the
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diff changeset
587 terminal to execute must also be padded. With bit-map terminals
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parents:
diff changeset
588 operated across networks, often the network provides some sort of
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parents:
diff changeset
589 flow control so that padding is never needed no matter how slow
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parents:
diff changeset
590 an operation is. You must still specify a padding time if you want
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diff changeset
591 Emacs to realize that the operation takes a long time. This will
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parents:
diff changeset
592 cause padding characters to be sent unnecessarily, but they do
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diff changeset
593 not really cost much. They will be transmitted while the scrolling
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parents:
diff changeset
594 is happening and then discarded quickly by the terminal.
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parents:
diff changeset
595
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parents:
diff changeset
596 Most bit-map terminals provide commands for inserting or deleting
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parents:
diff changeset
597 multiple lines at once. Define the `AL' and `DL' strings in the
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parents:
diff changeset
598 termcap entry to say how to do these things, and you will have
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parents:
diff changeset
599 fast output without wasted padding characters. These strings should
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parents:
diff changeset
600 each contain a single %-spec saying how to send the number of lines
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parents:
diff changeset
601 to be scrolled. These %-specs are like those in the termcap
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parents:
diff changeset
602 `cm' string.
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parents:
diff changeset
603
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parents:
diff changeset
604 You should also define the `IC' and `DC' strings if your terminal
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
605 has a command to insert or delete multiple characters. These
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
606 take the number of positions to insert or delete as an argument.
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parents:
diff changeset
607
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diff changeset
608 A `cs' string to set the scrolling region will reduce the amount
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parents:
diff changeset
609 of motion you see on the screen when part of the screen is scrolled.
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parents:
diff changeset
610
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diff changeset
611 * Your Delete key sends a Backspace to the terminal, using an AIXterm.
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parents:
diff changeset
612
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diff changeset
613 The solution is to include in your .Xdefaults the lines:
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parents:
diff changeset
614
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parents:
diff changeset
615 *aixterm.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7f)
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parents:
diff changeset
616 aixterm*ttyModes: erase ^?
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parents:
diff changeset
617
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diff changeset
618 This makes your Backspace key send DEL (ASCII 127).
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parents:
diff changeset
619
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diff changeset
620 * You type Control-H (Backspace) expecting to delete characters.
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
621
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parents:
diff changeset
622 Put `stty dec' in your .login file and your problems will disappear
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
623 after a day or two.
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parents:
diff changeset
624
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parents:
diff changeset
625 The choice of Backspace for erasure was based on confusion, caused by
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
626 the fact that backspacing causes erasure (later, when you type another
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parents:
diff changeset
627 character) on most display terminals. But it is a mistake. Deletion
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parents:
diff changeset
628 of text is not the same thing as backspacing followed by failure to
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parents:
diff changeset
629 overprint. I do not wish to propagate this confusion by conforming
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
630 to it.
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parents:
diff changeset
631
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parents:
diff changeset
632 For this reason, I believe `stty dec' is the right mode to use,
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
633 and I have designed Emacs to go with that. If there were a thousand
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parents:
diff changeset
634 other control characters, I would define Control-h to delete as well;
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
635 but there are not very many other control characters, and I think
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
636 that providing the most mnemonic possible Help character is more
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
637 important than adapting to people who don't use `stty dec'.
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
638
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parents:
diff changeset
639 If you are obstinate about confusing buggy overprinting with deletion,
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
640 you can redefine Backspace in your .emacs file:
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
641 (global-set-key "\b" 'delete-backward-char)
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parents:
diff changeset
642 You may then wish to put the function help-command on some
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parents:
diff changeset
643 other key. I leave to you the task of deciding which key.
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parents:
diff changeset
644
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parents:
diff changeset
645 * Editing files through RFS gives spurious "file has changed" warnings.
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
646 It is possible that a change in Emacs 18.37 gets around this problem,
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
647 but in case not, here is a description of how to fix the RFS bug that
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
648 causes it.
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
649
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parents:
diff changeset
650 There was a serious pair of bugs in the handling of the fsync() system
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
651 call in the RFS server.
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
652
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parents:
diff changeset
653 The first is that the fsync() call is handled as another name for the
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Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
654 close() system call (!!). It appears that fsync() is not used by very
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parents:
diff changeset
655 many programs; Emacs version 18 does an fsync() before closing files
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
656 to make sure that the bits are on the disk.
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
657
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parents:
diff changeset
658 This is fixed by the enclosed patch to the RFS server.
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parents:
diff changeset
659
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parents:
diff changeset
660 The second, more serious problem, is that fsync() is treated as a
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
661 non-blocking system call (i.e., it's implemented as a message that
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
662 gets sent to the remote system without waiting for a reply). Fsync is
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
663 a useful tool for building atomic file transactions. Implementing it
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
664 as a non-blocking RPC call (when the local call blocks until the sync
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
665 is done) is a bad idea; unfortunately, changing it will break the RFS
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parents:
diff changeset
666 protocol. No fix was supplied for this problem.
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
667
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
668 (as always, your line numbers may vary)
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
parents:
diff changeset
669
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parents:
diff changeset
670 % rcsdiff -c -r1.2 serversyscall.c
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parents:
diff changeset
671 RCS file: RCS/serversyscall.c,v
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parents:
diff changeset
672 retrieving revision 1.2
794bd24d1415 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
673 diff -c -r1.2 serversyscall.c
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parents:
diff changeset
674 *** /tmp/,RCSt1003677 Wed Jan 28 15:15:02 1987
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parents:
diff changeset
675 --- serversyscall.c Wed Jan 28 15:14:48 1987
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parents:
diff changeset
676 ***************
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parents:
diff changeset
677 *** 163,169 ****
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parents:
diff changeset
678 /*
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parents:
diff changeset
679 * No return sent for close or fsync!
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parents:
diff changeset
680 */
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parents:
diff changeset
681 ! if (syscall == RSYS_close || syscall == RSYS_fsync)
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parents:
diff changeset
682 proc->p_returnval = deallocate_fd(proc, msg->m_args[0]);
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parents:
diff changeset
683 else
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parents:
diff changeset
684 {
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parents:
diff changeset
685 --- 166,172 ----
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parents:
diff changeset
686 /*
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687 * No return sent for close or fsync!
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688 */
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689 ! if (syscall == RSYS_close)
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690 proc->p_returnval = deallocate_fd(proc, msg->m_args[0]);
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691 else
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692 {
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693
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694 * ld complains because `alloca' is not defined on your system.
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695
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696 Alloca is a library function in 4.2bsd, which is used very heavily by
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697 GNU Emacs. Use of malloc instead is very difficult, as you would have
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698 to arrange for the storage to be freed, and do so even in the case of
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699 a longjmp happening inside a subroutine. Many subroutines in Emacs
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700 can do longjmp.
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701
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702 If your system does not support alloca, try defining the symbol
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703 C_ALLOCA in the m-...h file for that machine. This will enable the use
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704 in Emacs of a portable simulation for alloca. But you will find that
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705 Emacs's performance and memory use improve if you write a true
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706 alloca in assembler language.
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707
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708 alloca (N) should return the address of an N-byte block of memory
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709 added dynamically to the current stack frame.
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710
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711 * Vax C compiler bugs affecting Emacs.
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712
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713 You may get one of these problems compiling Emacs:
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714
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715 foo.c line nnn: compiler error: no table entry for op STASG
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716 foo.c: fatal error in /lib/ccom
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717
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718 These are due to bugs in the C compiler; the code is valid C.
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719 Unfortunately, the bugs are unpredictable: the same construct
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720 may compile properly or trigger one of these bugs, depending
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721 on what else is in the source file being compiled. Even changes
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722 in header files that should not affect the file being compiled
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723 can affect whether the bug happens. In addition, sometimes files
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724 that compile correctly on one machine get this bug on another machine.
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725
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726 As a result, it is hard for me to make sure this bug will not affect
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727 you. I have attempted to find and alter these constructs, but more
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728 can always appear. However, I can tell you how to deal with it if it
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729 should happen. The bug comes from having an indexed reference to an
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730 array of Lisp_Objects, as an argument in a function call:
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731 Lisp_Object *args;
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732 ...
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733 ... foo (5, args[i], ...)...
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734 putting the argument into a temporary variable first, as in
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735 Lisp_Object *args;
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736 Lisp_Object tem;
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737 ...
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738 tem = args[i];
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739 ... foo (r, tem, ...)...
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740 causes the problem to go away.
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741 The `contents' field of a Lisp vector is an array of Lisp_Objects,
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742 so you may see the problem happening with indexed references to that.
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743
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744 * 68000 C compiler problems
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745
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746 Various 68000 compilers have different problems.
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747 These are some that have been observed.
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748
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749 ** Using value of assignment expression on union type loses.
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750 This means that x = y = z; or foo (x = z); does not work
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751 if x is of type Lisp_Object.
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752
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753 ** "cannot reclaim" error.
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754
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755 This means that an expression is too complicated. You get the correct
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756 line number in the error message. The code must be rewritten with
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757 simpler expressions.
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758
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759 ** XCONS, XSTRING, etc macros produce incorrect code.
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760
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761 If temacs fails to run at all, this may be the cause.
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762 Compile this test program and look at the assembler code:
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763
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764 struct foo { char x; unsigned int y : 24; };
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765
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766 lose (arg)
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767 struct foo arg;
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768 {
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769 test ((int *) arg.y);
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770 }
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771
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772 If the code is incorrect, your compiler has this problem.
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773 In the XCONS, etc., macros in lisp.h you must replace (a).u.val with
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774 ((a).u.val + coercedummy) where coercedummy is declared as int.
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775
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776 This problem will not happen if the m-...h file for your type
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777 of machine defines NO_UNION_TYPE. That is the recommended setting now.
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778
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779 * C compilers lose on returning unions
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780
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781 I hear that some C compilers cannot handle returning
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782 a union type. Most of the functions in GNU Emacs return
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783 type Lisp_Object, which is currently defined as a union.
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784
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785 This problem will not happen if the m-...h file for your type
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diff changeset
786 of machine defines NO_UNION_TYPE. That is the recommended setting now.
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787