annotate lispref/windows.texi @ 8729:d9d6f7419e2e

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author David J. MacKenzie <djm@gnu.org>
date Tue, 13 Sep 1994 15:32:40 +0000
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children 2231664084c2
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1 @c -*-texinfo-*-
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2 @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
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3 @c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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4 @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
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5 @setfilename ../info/windows
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6 @node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top
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7 @chapter Windows
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8
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9 This chapter describes most of the functions and variables related to
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10 Emacs windows. See @ref{Display}, for information on how text is
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11 displayed in windows.
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12
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13 @menu
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14 * Basic Windows:: Basic information on using windows.
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15 * Splitting Windows:: Splitting one window into two windows.
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16 * Deleting Windows:: Deleting a window gives its space to other windows.
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17 * Selecting Windows:: The selected window is the one that you edit in.
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18 * Cyclic Window Ordering:: Moving around the existing windows.
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19 * Buffers and Windows:: Each window displays the contents of a buffer.
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20 * Displaying Buffers:: Higher-lever functions for displaying a buffer
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21 and choosing a window for it.
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22 * Choosing Window:: How to choose a window for displaying a buffer.
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23 * Window Point:: Each window has its own location of point.
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24 * Window Start:: The display-start position controls which text
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25 is on-screen in the window.
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26 * Vertical Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in the window.
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27 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text sideways on the window.
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28 * Size of Window:: Accessing the size of a window.
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29 * Resizing Windows:: Changing the size of a window.
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30 * Coordinates and Windows::Converting coordinates to windows.
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31 * Window Configurations:: Saving and restoring the state of the screen.
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32 @end menu
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33
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34 @node Basic Windows
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35 @section Basic Concepts of Emacs Windows
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36 @cindex window
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37 @cindex selected window
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38
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39 A @dfn{window} is the physical area of the screen in which a buffer is
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40 displayed. The term is also used to refer to a Lisp object that
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41 represents that screen area in Emacs Lisp. It should be
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42 clear from the context which is meant.
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43
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44 There is always at least one window in any frame. In each frame, at
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45 any time, one and only one window is designated as @dfn{selected within
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46 the frame}. The frame's cursor appears in that window. There is also
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47 one selected frame; and the window selected within that frame is
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48 @dfn{the selected window}. The selected window's buffer is usually the
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49 current buffer (except when @code{set-buffer} has been used).
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50 @xref{Current Buffer}.
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51
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52 For practical purposes, a window exists only while it is displayed on the
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53 terminal. Once removed from the display, the window is effectively
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54 deleted and should not be used, @emph{even though there may still be
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55 references to it} from other Lisp objects. Restoring a saved window
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56 configuration is the only way for a window no longer on the screen to
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57 come back to life. (@xref{Deleting Windows}.)
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58
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59 Each window has the following attributes:
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60
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61 @itemize @bullet
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62 @item
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63 containing frame
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64
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65 @item
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66 window height
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67
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68 @item
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69 window width
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70
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71 @item
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72 window edges with respect to the screen or frame
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73
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74 @item
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75 the buffer it displays
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76
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77 @item
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78 position within the buffer at the upper left of the window
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79
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80 @item
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81 amount of horizontal scrolling, in columns
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82
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83 @item
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84 point
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85
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86 @item
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87 the mark
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88
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89 @item
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90 how recently the window was selected
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91 @end itemize
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92
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93 @cindex multiple windows
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94 Users create multiple windows so they can look at several buffers at
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95 once. Lisp libraries use multiple windows for a variety of reasons, but
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96 most often to give different views of the same information. In Rmail,
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97 for example, you can move through a summary buffer in one window while
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98 the other window shows messages one at a time as they are reached.
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99
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100 The meaning of ``window'' in Emacs is similar to what it means in the
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101 context of general-purpose window systems such as X, but not identical.
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102 The X Window System subdivides the screen into X windows; Emacs uses one
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103 or more X windows, called @dfn{frames} in Emacs terminology, and
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104 subdivides each of them into (nonoverlapping) Emacs windows. When you
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105 use Emacs on an ordinary display terminal, Emacs subdivides the terminal
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106 screen into Emacs windows.
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107
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108 @cindex terminal screen
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109 @cindex screen of terminal
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110 @cindex tiled windows
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111 Most window systems support arbitrarily located overlapping windows.
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112 In contrast, Emacs windows are @dfn{tiled}; they never overlap, and
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113 together they fill the whole screen or frame. Because of the way
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114 in which Emacs creates new windows and resizes them, you can't create
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115 every conceivable tiling of windows on an Emacs frame. @xref{Splitting
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116 Windows}, and @ref{Size of Window}.
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117
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118 @xref{Display}, for information on how the contents of the
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119 window's buffer are displayed in the window.
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120
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121 @defun windowp object
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122 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window.
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123 @end defun
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124
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125 @node Splitting Windows
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126 @section Splitting Windows
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127 @cindex splitting windows
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128 @cindex window splitting
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129
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130 The functions described here are the primitives used to split a window
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131 into two windows. Two higher level functions sometimes split a window,
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132 but not always: @code{pop-to-buffer} and @code{display-buffer}
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133 (@pxref{Displaying Buffers}).
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134
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135 The functions described here do not accept a buffer as an argument.
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136 The two ``halves'' of the split window initially display the same buffer
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137 previously visible in the window that was split.
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138
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139 @deffn Command split-window &optional window size horizontal
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140 This function splits @var{window} into two windows. The original
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141 window @var{window} remains the selected window, but occupies only
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142 part of its former screen area. The rest is occupied by a newly created
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143 window which is returned as the value of this function.
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144
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145 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, then @var{window} splits into
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146 two side by side windows. The original window @var{window} keeps the
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147 leftmost @var{size} columns, and gives the rest of the columns to the
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148 new window. Otherwise, it splits into windows one above the other, and
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149 @var{window} keeps the upper @var{size} lines and gives the rest of the
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150 lines to the new window. The original window is therefore the
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151 left-hand or upper of the two, and the new window is the right-hand or
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152 lower.
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153
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154 If @var{window} is omitted or @code{nil}, then the selected window is
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155 split. If @var{size} is omitted or @code{nil}, then @var{window} is
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156 divided evenly into two parts. (If there is an odd line, it is
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157 allocated to the new window.) When @code{split-window} is called
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158 interactively, all its arguments are @code{nil}.
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159
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160 The following example starts with one window on a screen that is 50
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161 lines high by 80 columns wide; then the window is split.
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162
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163 @smallexample
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164 @group
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165 (setq w (selected-window))
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166 @result{} #<window 8 on windows.texi>
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167 (window-edges) ; @r{Edges in order:}
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168 @result{} (0 0 80 50) ; @r{left--top--right--bottom}
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169 @end group
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170
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171 @group
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172 ;; @r{Returns window created}
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173 (setq w2 (split-window w 15))
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174 @result{} #<window 28 on windows.texi>
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175 @end group
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176 @group
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177 (window-edges w2)
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178 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window;}
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179 ; @r{top is line 15}
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180 @end group
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181 @group
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182 (window-edges w)
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183 @result{} (0 0 80 15) ; @r{Top window}
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184 @end group
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185 @end smallexample
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186
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187 The screen looks like this:
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188
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189 @smallexample
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190 @group
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191 __________
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192 | | line 0
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193 | w |
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194 |__________|
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195 | | line 15
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196 | w2 |
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197 |__________|
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198 line 50
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199 column 0 column 80
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200 @end group
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201 @end smallexample
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202
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203 Next, the top window is split horizontally:
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204
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205 @smallexample
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206 @group
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207 (setq w3 (split-window w 35 t))
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208 @result{} #<window 32 on windows.texi>
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209 @end group
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210 @group
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211 (window-edges w3)
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212 @result{} (35 0 80 15) ; @r{Left edge at column 35}
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213 @end group
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214 @group
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215 (window-edges w)
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216 @result{} (0 0 35 15) ; @r{Right edge at column 35}
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217 @end group
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218 @group
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219 (window-edges w2)
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220 @result{} (0 15 80 50) ; @r{Bottom window unchanged}
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221 @end group
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222 @end smallexample
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223
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224 Now, the screen looks like this:
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225
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226 @smallexample
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227 @group
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228 column 35
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229 __________
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230 | | | line 0
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231 | w | w3 |
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232 |___|______|
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233 | | line 15
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234 | w2 |
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235 |__________|
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236 line 50
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237 column 0 column 80
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238 @end group
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239 @end smallexample
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240 @end deffn
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241
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242 @deffn Command split-window-vertically size
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243 This function splits the selected window into two windows, one above
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244 the other, leaving the selected window with @var{size} lines.
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245
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246 This function is simply an interface to @code{split-windows}.
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247 Here is the complete function definition for it:
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248
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249 @smallexample
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250 @group
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251 (defun split-window-vertically (&optional arg)
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252 "Split current window into two windows, one above the other."
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253 (interactive "P")
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254 (split-window nil (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg))))
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255 @end group
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256 @end smallexample
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257 @end deffn
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258
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259 @deffn Command split-window-horizontally size
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260 This function splits the selected window into two windows
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261 side-by-side, leaving the selected window with @var{size} columns.
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262
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263 This function is simply an interface to @code{split-windows}. Here is
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264 the complete definition for @code{split-window-horizontally} (except for
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265 part of the documentation string):
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266
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267 @smallexample
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268 @group
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269 (defun split-window-horizontally (&optional arg)
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270 "Split selected window into two windows, side by side..."
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271 (interactive "P")
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272 (split-window nil (and arg (prefix-numeric-value arg)) t))
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273 @end group
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274 @end smallexample
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275 @end deffn
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276
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277 @defun one-window-p &optional no-mini all-frames
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278 This function returns non-@code{nil} if there is only one window. The
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279 argument @var{no-mini}, if non-@code{nil}, means don't count the
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280 minibuffer even if it is active; otherwise, the minibuffer window is
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320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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281 included, if active, in the total number of windows, which is compared
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282 against one.
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283
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284 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here
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285 are the possible values and their meanings:
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286
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287 @table @asis
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288 @item @code{nil}
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289 Count the windows in the selected frame, plus the minibuffer used
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290 by that frame even if it lies in some other frame.
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291
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292 @item @code{t}
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293 Count all windows in all existing frames.
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294
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295 @item @code{visible}
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296 Count all windows in all visible frames.
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297
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298 @item anything else
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299 Count precisely the windows in the selected frame, and no others.
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300 @end table
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301 @end defun
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302
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303 @node Deleting Windows
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304 @section Deleting Windows
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305 @cindex deleting windows
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306
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307 A window remains visible on its frame unless you @dfn{delete} it by
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308 calling certain functions that delete windows. A deleted window cannot
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309 appear on the screen, but continues to exist as a Lisp object until
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310 there are no references to it. There is no way to cancel the deletion
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311 of a window aside from restoring a saved window configuration
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312 (@pxref{Window Configurations}). Restoring a window configuration also
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313 deletes any windows that aren't part of that configuration.
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314
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315 When you delete a window, the space it took up is given to one
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316 adjacent sibling. (In Emacs version 18, the space was divided evenly
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317 among all the siblings.)
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318
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319 @c Emacs 19 feature
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320 @defun window-live-p window
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321 This function returns @code{nil} if @var{window} is deleted, and
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322 @code{t} otherwise.
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323
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7db892210924 *** empty log message ***
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324 @strong{Warning:} Erroneous information or fatal errors may result from
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325 using a deleted window as if it were live.
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326 @end defun
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327
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328 @deffn Command delete-window &optional window
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329 This function removes @var{window} from the display. If @var{window}
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330 is omitted, then the selected window is deleted. An error is signaled
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331 if there is only one window when @code{delete-window} is called.
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332
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333 This function returns @code{nil}.
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334
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335 When @code{delete-window} is called interactively, @var{window}
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336 defaults to the selected window.
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337 @end deffn
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338
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339 @deffn Command delete-other-windows &optional window
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340 This function makes @var{window} the only window on its frame, by
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341 deleting the other windows in that frame. If @var{window} is omitted or
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342 @code{nil}, then the selected window is used by default.
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343
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344 The result is @code{nil}.
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345 @end deffn
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346
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347 @deffn Command delete-windows-on buffer &optional frame
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348 This function deletes all windows showing @var{buffer}. If there are
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349 no windows showing @var{buffer}, it does nothing.
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350
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351 @code{delete-windows-on} operates frame by frame. If a frame has
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352 several windows showing different buffers, then those showing
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353 @var{buffer} are removed, and the others expand to fill the space. If
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354 all windows in some frame are showing @var{buffer} (including the case
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355 where there is only one window), then the frame reverts to having a
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356 single window showing another buffer chosen with @code{other-buffer}.
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357 @xref{The Buffer List}.
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358
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359 The argument @var{frame} controls which frames to operate on:
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360
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361 @itemize @bullet
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362 @item
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363 If it is @code{nil}, operate on the selected frame.
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364 @item
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365 If it is @code{t}, operate on all frames.
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366 @item
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367 If it is @code{visible}, operate on all visible frames.
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368 @item
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369 If it is a frame, operate on that frame.
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370 @end itemize
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371
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372 This function always returns @code{nil}.
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373 @end deffn
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374
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375 @node Selecting Windows
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376 @section Selecting Windows
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377 @cindex selecting windows
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378
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379 When a window is selected, the buffer in the window becomes the current
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380 buffer, and the cursor will appear in it.
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381
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382 @defun selected-window
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383 This function returns the selected window. This is the window in
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384 which the cursor appears and to which many commands apply.
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385 @end defun
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386
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387 @defun select-window window
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388 This function makes @var{window} the selected window. The cursor then
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389 appears in @var{window} (on redisplay). The buffer being displayed in
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390 @var{window} is immediately designated the current buffer.
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391
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392 The return value is @var{window}.
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393
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394 @example
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395 @group
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396 (setq w (next-window))
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397 (select-window w)
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398 @result{} #<window 65 on windows.texi>
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399 @end group
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400 @end example
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401 @end defun
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402
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403 @cindex finding windows
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404 The following functions choose one of the windows on the screen,
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405 offering various criteria for the choice.
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406
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407 @defun get-lru-window &optional frame
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408 This function returns the window least recently ``used'' (that is,
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409 selected). The selected window is always the most recently used window.
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410
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411 The selected window can be the least recently used window if it is the
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412 only window. A newly created window becomes the least recently used
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413 window until it is selected. A minibuffer window is never a candidate.
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414
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415 The argument @var{frame} controls which windows are considered.
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416
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417 @itemize @bullet
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418 @item
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419 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame.
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420 @item
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421 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames.
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422 @item
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423 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames.
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424 @item
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425 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame.
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426 @end itemize
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427 @end defun
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428
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429 @defun get-largest-window &optional frame
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430 This function returns the window with the largest area (height times
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431 width). If there are no side-by-side windows, then this is the window
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432 with the most lines. A minibuffer window is never a candidate.
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433
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434 If there are two windows of the same size, then the function returns
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435 the window that is first in the cyclic ordering of windows (see
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436 following section), starting from the selected window.
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437
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438 The argument @var{frame} controls which set of windows are
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439 considered. See @code{get-lru-window}, above.
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440 @end defun
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441
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442 @node Cyclic Window Ordering
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443 @comment node-name, next, previous, up
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444 @section Cyclic Ordering of Windows
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445 @cindex cyclic ordering of windows
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446 @cindex ordering of windows, cyclic
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447 @cindex window ordering, cyclic
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448
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449 When you use the command @kbd{C-x o} (@code{other-window}) to select
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450 the next window, it moves through all the windows on the screen in a
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451 specific cyclic order. For any given configuration of windows, this
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452 order never varies. It is called the @dfn{cyclic ordering of windows}.
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453
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454 This ordering generally goes from top to bottom, and from left to
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455 right. But it may go down first or go right first, depending on the
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456 order in which the windows were split.
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457
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458 If the first split was vertical (into windows one above each other),
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459 and then the subwindows were split horizontally, then the ordering is
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460 left to right in the top of the frame, and then left to right in the
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461 next lower part of the frame, and so on. If the first split was
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462 horizontal, the ordering is top to bottom in the left part, and so on.
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463 In general, within each set of siblings at any level in the window tree,
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464 the order is left to right, or top to bottom.
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465
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466 @defun next-window &optional window minibuf all-frames
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467 @cindex minibuffer window
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468 This function returns the window following @var{window} in the cyclic
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469 ordering of windows. This is the window that @kbd{C-x o} would select
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470 if typed when @var{window} is selected. If @var{window} is the only
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471 window visible, then this function returns @var{window}. If omitted,
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472 @var{window} defaults to the selected window.
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473
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474 The value of the argument @var{minibuf} determines whether the
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475 minibuffer is included in the window order. Normally, when
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476 @var{minibuf} is @code{nil}, the minibuffer is included if it is
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477 currently active; this is the behavior of @kbd{C-x o}. (The minibuffer
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478 window is active while the minibuffer is in use. @xref{Minibuffers}.)
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479
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480 If @var{minibuf} is @code{t}, then the cyclic ordering includes the
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481 minibuffer window even if it is not active.
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482
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483 If @var{minibuf} is neither @code{t} nor @code{nil}, then the minibuffer
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484 window is not included even if it is active.
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485
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486 The argument @var{all-frames} specifies which frames to consider. Here
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487 are the possible values and their meanings:
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488
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489 @table @asis
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490 @item @code{nil}
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491 Consider all the windows in @var{window}'s frame, plus the minibuffer
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492 used by that frame even if it lies in some other frame.
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493
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494 @item @code{t}
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495 Consider all windows in all existing frames.
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496
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497 @item @code{visible}
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498 Consider all windows in all visible frames. (To get useful results, you
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499 must ensure @var{window} is in a visible frame.)
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500
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501 @item anything else
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502 Consider precisely the windows in @var{window}'s frame, and no others.
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503 @end table
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504
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505 This example assumes there are two windows, both displaying the
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506 buffer @samp{windows.texi}:
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507
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508 @example
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509 @group
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510 (selected-window)
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511 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi>
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512 @end group
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513 @group
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514 (next-window (selected-window))
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515 @result{} #<window 52 on windows.texi>
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516 @end group
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517 @group
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diff changeset
518 (next-window (next-window (selected-window)))
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519 @result{} #<window 56 on windows.texi>
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520 @end group
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521 @end example
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522 @end defun
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523
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524 @defun previous-window &optional window minibuf all-frames
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525 This function returns the window preceding @var{window} in the cyclic
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526 ordering of windows. The other arguments specify which windows to
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527 include in the cycle, as in @code{next-window}.
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528 @end defun
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529
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530 @deffn Command other-window count
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diff changeset
531 This function selects the @var{count}th following window in the cyclic
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532 order. If count is negative, then it selects the @minus{}@var{count}th
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533 preceding window. It returns @code{nil}.
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534
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535 In an interactive call, @var{count} is the numeric prefix argument.
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536 @end deffn
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537
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538 @c Emacs 19 feature
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539 @defun walk-windows proc &optional minibuf all-frames
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540 This function cycles through all windows, calling @code{proc}
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541 once for each window with the window as its sole argument.
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542
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543 The optional arguments @var{minibuf} and @var{all-frames} specify the
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544 set of windows to include in the scan. See @code{next-window}, above,
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parents:
diff changeset
545 for details.
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546 @end defun
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547
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548 @node Buffers and Windows
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549 @section Buffers and Windows
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550 @cindex examining windows
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551 @cindex windows, controlling precisely
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552 @cindex buffers, controlled in windows
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553
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554 This section describes low-level functions to examine windows or to
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555 display buffers in windows in a precisely controlled fashion.
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556 @iftex
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557 See the following section for
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558 @end iftex
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559 @ifinfo
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560 @xref{Displaying Buffers}, for
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561 @end ifinfo
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562 related functions that find a window to use and specify a buffer for it.
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563 The functions described there are easier to use than these, but they
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564 employ heuristics in choosing or creating a window; use these functions
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565 when you need complete control.
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566
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567 @defun set-window-buffer window buffer-or-name
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568 This function makes @var{window} display @var{buffer-or-name} as its
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569 contents. It returns @code{nil}.
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570
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571 @example
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572 @group
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573 (set-window-buffer (selected-window) "foo")
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574 @result{} nil
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575 @end group
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576 @end example
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diff changeset
577 @end defun
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diff changeset
578
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579 @defun window-buffer &optional window
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580 This function returns the buffer that @var{window} is displaying. If
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581 @var{window} is omitted, this function returns the buffer for the
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diff changeset
582 selected window.
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parents:
diff changeset
583
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diff changeset
584 @example
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585 @group
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diff changeset
586 (window-buffer)
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diff changeset
587 @result{} #<buffer windows.texi>
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588 @end group
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589 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
590 @end defun
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diff changeset
591
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diff changeset
592 @defun get-buffer-window buffer-or-name &optional all-frames
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
593 This function returns a window currently displaying
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diff changeset
594 @var{buffer-or-name}, or @code{nil} if there is none. If there are
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
595 several such windows, then the function returns the first one in the
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diff changeset
596 cyclic ordering of windows, starting from the selected window.
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diff changeset
597 @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}.
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parents:
diff changeset
598
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diff changeset
599 The argument @var{all-frames} controls which windows to consider.
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diff changeset
600
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parents:
diff changeset
601 @itemize @bullet
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parents:
diff changeset
602 @item
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603 If it is @code{nil}, consider windows on the selected frame.
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diff changeset
604 @item
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diff changeset
605 If it is @code{t}, consider windows on all frames.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
606 @item
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diff changeset
607 If it is @code{visible}, consider windows on all visible frames.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
608 @item
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diff changeset
609 If it is a frame, consider windows on that frame.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
610 @end itemize
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
611 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
612
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
613 @deffn Command replace-buffer-in-windows buffer
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
614 This function replaces @var{buffer} with some other buffer in all
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
615 windows displaying it. The other buffer used is chosen with
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
616 @code{other-buffer}. In the usual applications of this function, you
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
617 don't care which other buffer is used; you just want to make sure that
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
618 @var{buffer} is no longer displayed.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
619
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
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diff changeset
620 This function returns @code{nil}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
621 @end deffn
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parents:
diff changeset
622
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
623 @node Displaying Buffers
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
624 @section Displaying Buffers in Windows
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
625 @cindex switching to a buffer
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
626 @cindex displaying a buffer
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
628 In this section we describe convenient functions that choose a window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
629 automatically and use it to display a specified buffer. These functions
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
630 can also split an existing window in certain circumstances. We also
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
631 describe variables that parameterize the heuristics used for choosing a
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
632 window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
633 @iftex
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
634 See the preceding section for
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
635 @end iftex
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
636 @ifinfo
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637 @xref{Buffers and Windows}, for
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
638 @end ifinfo
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 low-level functions that give you more precise control.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
640
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
641 Do not use the functions in this section in order to make a buffer
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642 current so that a Lisp program can access or modify it; they are too
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
643 drastic for that purpose, since they change the display of buffers in
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
644 windows, which is gratuitous and will surprise the user. Instead, use
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
645 @code{set-buffer} (@pxref{Current Buffer}) and @code{save-excursion}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646 (@pxref{Excursions}), which designate buffers as current for programmed
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
647 access without affecting the display of buffers in windows.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
648
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional norecord
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
650 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer, and also
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
651 displays the buffer in the selected window. This means that a human can
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652 see the buffer and subsequent keyboard commands will apply to it.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653 Contrast this with @code{set-buffer}, which makes @var{buffer-or-name}
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
654 the current buffer but does not display it in the selected window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
655 @xref{Current Buffer}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
656
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657 If @var{buffer-or-name} does not identify an existing buffer, then
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
658 a new buffer by that name is created.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
659
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
660 Normally the specified buffer is put at the front of the buffer list.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 This affects the operation of @code{other-buffer}. However, if
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
662 @var{norecord} is non-@code{nil}, this is not done. @xref{The Buffer
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
663 List}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
664
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665 The @code{switch-to-buffer} function is often used interactively, as
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
666 the binding of @kbd{C-x b}. It is also used frequently in programs. It
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
667 always returns @code{nil}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
668 @end deffn
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
669
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
670 @deffn Command switch-to-buffer-other-window buffer-or-name
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
671 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672 displays it in a window not currently selected. It then selects that
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
673 window. The handling of the buffer is the same as in
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674 @code{switch-to-buffer}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
675
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
676 The currently selected window is absolutely never used to do the job.
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
677 If it is the only window, then it is split to make a distinct window for
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
678 this purpose. If the selected window is already displaying the buffer,
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
679 then it continues to do so, but another window is nonetheless found to
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
680 display it in as well.
6564
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 @end deffn
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 @defun pop-to-buffer buffer-or-name &optional other-window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 This function makes @var{buffer-or-name} the current buffer and
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 switches to it in some window, preferably not the window previously
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diff changeset
686 selected. The ``popped-to'' window becomes the selected window within
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diff changeset
687 its frame.
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parents:
diff changeset
688
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diff changeset
689 If the variable @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil},
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parents:
diff changeset
690 @code{pop-to-buffer} looks for a window in any visible frame already
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parents:
diff changeset
691 displaying the buffer; if there is one, it returns that window and makes
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parents:
diff changeset
692 it be selected within its frame. If there is none, it creates a new
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parents:
diff changeset
693 frame and displays the buffer in it.
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parents:
diff changeset
694
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diff changeset
695 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{pop-to-buffer}
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parents:
diff changeset
696 operates entirely within the selected frame. (If the selected frame has
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parents:
diff changeset
697 just a minibuffer, @code{pop-to-buffer} operates within the most
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diff changeset
698 recently selected frame that was not just a minibuffer.)
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parents:
diff changeset
699
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diff changeset
700 If the variable @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}, windows may
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parents:
diff changeset
701 be split to create a new window that is different from the original
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parents:
diff changeset
702 window. For details, see @ref{Choosing Window}.
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parents:
diff changeset
703
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704 If @var{other-window} is non-@code{nil}, @code{pop-to-buffer} finds or
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parents:
diff changeset
705 creates another window even if @var{buffer-or-name} is already visible
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parents:
diff changeset
706 in the selected window. Thus @var{buffer-or-name} could end up
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parents:
diff changeset
707 displayed in two windows. On the other hand, if @var{buffer-or-name} is
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parents:
diff changeset
708 already displayed in the selected window and @var{other-window} is
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parents:
diff changeset
709 @code{nil}, then the selected window is considered sufficient display
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parents:
diff changeset
710 for @var{buffer-or-name}, so that nothing needs to be done.
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parents:
diff changeset
711
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diff changeset
712 If @var{buffer-or-name} is a string that does not name an existing
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parents:
diff changeset
713 buffer, a buffer by that name is created.
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714 @end defun
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diff changeset
715
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716 @node Choosing Window
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diff changeset
717 @section Choosing a Window for Display
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718
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diff changeset
719 This section describes the basic facility that chooses a window to
6564
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diff changeset
720 display a buffer in---@code{display-buffer}. All the higher-level
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diff changeset
721 functions and commands use this subroutine. Here we describe how to use
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parents:
diff changeset
722 @code{display-buffer} and how to customize it.
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parents:
diff changeset
723
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diff changeset
724 @deffn Command display-buffer buffer-or-name &optional not-this-window
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diff changeset
725 This command makes @var{buffer-or-name} appear in some window, like
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diff changeset
726 @code{pop-to-buffer}, but it does not select that window and does not
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parents:
diff changeset
727 make the buffer current. The identity of the selected window is
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parents:
diff changeset
728 unaltered by this function.
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diff changeset
729
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diff changeset
730 If @var{not-this-window} is non-@code{nil}, it means to display the
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parents:
diff changeset
731 specified buffer in a window other than the selected one, even if it is
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parents:
diff changeset
732 already on display in the selected window. This can cause the buffer to
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parents:
diff changeset
733 appear in two windows at once. Otherwise, if @var{buffer-or-name} is
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parents:
diff changeset
734 already being displayed in any window, that is good enough, so this
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diff changeset
735 function does nothing.
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parents:
diff changeset
736
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diff changeset
737 @code{display-buffer} returns the window chosen to display
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parents:
diff changeset
738 @var{buffer-or-name}.
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parents:
diff changeset
739
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diff changeset
740 Precisely how @code{display-buffer} finds or creates a window depends on
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parents:
diff changeset
741 the variables described below.
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parents:
diff changeset
742 @end deffn
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parents:
diff changeset
743
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parents:
diff changeset
744 @defopt pop-up-windows
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parents:
diff changeset
745 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new windows.
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parents:
diff changeset
746 If it is non-@code{nil} and there is only one window, then that window
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parents:
diff changeset
747 is split. If it is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} does not
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parents:
diff changeset
748 split the single window, but uses it whole.
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parents:
diff changeset
749 @end defopt
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parents:
diff changeset
750
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parents:
diff changeset
751 @defopt split-height-threshold
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parents:
diff changeset
752 This variable determines when @code{display-buffer} may split a window,
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parents:
diff changeset
753 if there are multiple windows. @code{display-buffer} always splits the
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parents:
diff changeset
754 largest window if it has at least this many lines. If the largest
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parents:
diff changeset
755 window is not this tall, it is split only if it is the sole window and
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parents:
diff changeset
756 @code{pop-up-windows} is non-@code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
757 @end defopt
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parents:
diff changeset
758
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parents:
diff changeset
759 @c Emacs 19 feature
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parents:
diff changeset
760 @defopt pop-up-frames
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parents:
diff changeset
761 This variable controls whether @code{display-buffer} makes new frames.
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parents:
diff changeset
762 If it is non-@code{nil}, @code{display-buffer} looks for an existing
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parents:
diff changeset
763 window already displaying the desired buffer, on any visible frame. If
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parents:
diff changeset
764 it finds one, it returns that window. Otherwise it makes a new frame.
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parents:
diff changeset
765 The variables @code{pop-up-windows} and @code{split-height-threshold} do
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
766 not matter if @code{pop-up-frames} is non-@code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
767
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parents:
diff changeset
768 If @code{pop-up-frames} is @code{nil}, then @code{display-buffer} either
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
769 splits a window or reuses one.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
770
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parents:
diff changeset
771 @xref{Frames}, for more information.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
772 @end defopt
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parents:
diff changeset
773
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parents:
diff changeset
774 @c Emacs 19 feature
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parents:
diff changeset
775 @defvar pop-up-frame-function
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parents:
diff changeset
776 This variable specifies how to make a new frame if @code{pop-up-frames}
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parents:
diff changeset
777 is non-@code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
778
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parents:
diff changeset
779 Its value should be a function of no arguments. When
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
780 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame, it does so by calling that
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
781 function, which should return a frame. The default value of the
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
782 variable is a function that creates a frame using parameters from
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
783 @code{pop-up-frame-alist}.
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parents:
diff changeset
784 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
785
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parents:
diff changeset
786 @defvar pop-up-frame-alist
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parents:
diff changeset
787 This variable holds an alist specifying frame parameters used when
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
788 @code{display-buffer} makes a new frame. @xref{Frame Parameters}, for
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parents:
diff changeset
789 more information about frame parameters.
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parents:
diff changeset
790 @end defvar
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parents:
diff changeset
791
7082
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
792 @defvar special-display-buffer-names
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
793 A list of buffer names for buffers that should be displayed specially.
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
794 If the buffer's name is in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
795 buffer specially.
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
796
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
797 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame.
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
798 @end defvar
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
799
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
800 @defvar special-display-regexps
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6564
diff changeset
801 A list of regular expressions that specify buffers that should be
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6564
diff changeset
802 displayed specially. If the buffer's name matches any of the regular
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6564
diff changeset
803 expressions in this list, @code{display-buffer} handles the buffer
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
804 specially.
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
805
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
806 By default, special display means to give the buffer a dedicated frame.
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
807 @end defvar
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
808
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
809 @defvar special-display-function
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
810 This variable holds the function to call to display a buffer specially.
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 6564
diff changeset
811 It receives the buffer as an argument, and should return the window in
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
812 which it is displayed.
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
813
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
814 The default value of this variable is
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
815 @code{special-display-popup-frame}.
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
816 @end defvar
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
817
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
818 @defun special-display-popup-frame buffer
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
819 This function makes @var{buffer} visible in a frame of its own. If
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
820 @var{buffer} is already displayed in a window in some frame, it makes
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
821 the frame visible and raises it, to use that window. Otherwise, it
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
822 creates a frame that will be dedicated to @var{buffer}.
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
823
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
824 This function uses an existing window displaying @var{buffer} whether or
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
825 not it is in a frame of its own; but if you set up the above variables
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
826 in your init file, before @var{buffer} was created, then presumably the
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
827 window was previously made by this function.
7082
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
828 @end defun
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
829
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
830 @defopt special-display-frame-alist
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
831 This variable holds frame parameters for
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
832 @code{special-display-popup-frame} to use when it creates a frame.
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
833 @end defopt
70b62e9d773b *** empty log message ***
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parents: 6564
diff changeset
834
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
835 @c Emacs 19 feature
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
836 @defvar display-buffer-function
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
837 This variable is the most flexible way to customize the behavior of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
838 @code{display-buffer}. If it is non-@code{nil}, it should be a function
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
839 that @code{display-buffer} calls to do the work. The function should
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
840 accept two arguments, the same two arguments that @code{display-buffer}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
841 received. It should choose or create a window, display the specified
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
842 buffer, and then return the window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
843
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
844 This hook takes precedence over all the other options and hooks
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
845 described above.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
846 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
847
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
848 @c Emacs 19 feature
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
849 @cindex dedicated window
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
850 A window can be marked as ``dedicated'' to its buffer. Then
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
851 @code{display-buffer} does not try to use that window.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
852
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
853 @defun window-dedicated-p window
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
854 This function returns @code{t} if @var{window} is marked as dedicated;
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
855 otherwise @code{nil}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
856 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
857
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
858 @defun set-window-dedicated-p window flag
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
859 This function marks @var{window} as dedicated if @var{flag} is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
860 non-@code{nil}, and nondedicated otherwise.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
861 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
862
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
863 @node Window Point
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
864 @section Windows and Point
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
865 @cindex window position
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
866 @cindex window point
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
867 @cindex position in window
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
868 @cindex point in window
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
869
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
870 Each window has its own value of point, independent of the value of
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
871 point in other windows displaying the same buffer. This makes it useful
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
872 to have multiple windows showing one buffer.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
873
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
874 @itemize @bullet
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
875 @item
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
876 The window point is established when a window is first created; it is
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
877 initialized from the buffer's point, or from the window point of another
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
878 window opened on the buffer if such a window exists.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
879
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
880 @item
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
881 Selecting a window sets the value of point in its buffer to the window's
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
882 value of point. Conversely, deselecting a window sets the window's
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
883 value of point from that of the buffer. Thus, when you switch between
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
884 windows that display a given buffer, the point value for the selected
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
885 window is in effect in the buffer, while the point values for the other
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
886 windows are stored in those windows.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
887
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
888 @item
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parents:
diff changeset
889 As long as the selected window displays the current buffer, the window's
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
890 point and the buffer's point always move together; they remain equal.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
891
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
892 @item
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
893 @xref{Positions}, for more details on buffer positions.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
894 @end itemize
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
895
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
896 As far as the user is concerned, point is where the cursor is, and
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
897 when the user switches to another buffer, the cursor jumps to the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
898 position of point in that buffer.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
899
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
900 @defun window-point window
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
901 This function returns the current position of point in @var{window}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
902 For a nonselected window, this is the value point would have (in that
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
903 window's buffer) if that window were selected.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
904
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
905 When @var{window} is the selected window and its buffer is also the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
906 current buffer, the value returned is the same as point in that buffer.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
907
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
908 Strictly speaking, it would be more correct to return the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
909 ``top-level'' value of point, outside of any @code{save-excursion}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
910 forms. But that value is hard to find.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
911 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
912
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
913 @defun set-window-point window position
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
914 This function positions point in @var{window} at position
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
915 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
916 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
917
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
918 @node Window Start
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
919 @section The Window Start Position
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
920
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
921 Each window contains a marker used to keep track of a buffer position
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
922 that specifies where in the buffer display should start. This position
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
923 is called the @dfn{display-start} position of the window (or just the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
924 @dfn{start}). The character after this position is the one that appears
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
925 at the upper left corner of the window. It is usually, but not
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
926 inevitably, at the beginning of a text line.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
927
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
928 @defun window-start &optional window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
929 @cindex window top line
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
930 This function returns the display-start position of window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
931 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
932 used. For example,
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
933
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
934 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
935 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
936 (window-start)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
937 @result{} 7058
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
938 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
939 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
940
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
941 When you create a window, or display a different buffer in it, the
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
942 display-start position is set to a display-start position recently used
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
943 for the same buffer, or 1 if the buffer doesn't have any.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
944
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
945 For a realistic example, see the description of @code{count-lines} in
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
946 @ref{Text Lines}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
947 @end defun
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
948
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
949 @defun window-end &optional window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
950 This function returns the position of the end of the display in window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
951 @var{window}. If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
952 used.
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
953
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
954 If the last redisplay of @var{window} was preempted, and did not finish,
8516
5d76d6decb35 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8491
diff changeset
955 Emacs does not know the position of the end of display in that window.
5d76d6decb35 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8491
diff changeset
956 In that case, this function returns a value that is not correct. In a
5d76d6decb35 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8491
diff changeset
957 future version, @code{window-end} will return @code{nil} in that case.
5d76d6decb35 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8491
diff changeset
958 @ignore
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
959 in that case, this function returns @code{nil}. You can compute where
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
960 the end of the window @emph{would} have been, if redisplay had finished,
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
961 like this:
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
962
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
963 @example
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
964 (save-excursion
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
965 (goto-char (window-start window))
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
966 (vertical-motion (1- (window-height window))
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
967 window)
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
968 (point))
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
969 @end example
8516
5d76d6decb35 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 8491
diff changeset
970 @end ignore
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
971 @end defun
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
972
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
973 @defun set-window-start window position &optional noforce
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
974 This function sets the display-start position of @var{window} to
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
975 @var{position} in @var{window}'s buffer. It returns @var{position}.
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
976
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
977 The display routines insist that the position of point be visible when a
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
978 buffer is displayed. Normally, they change the display-start position
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
979 (that is, scroll the window) whenever necessary to make point visible.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
980 However, if you specify the start position with this function using
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
981 @code{nil} for @var{noforce}, it means you want display to start at
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
982 @var{position} even if that would put the location of point off the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
983 screen. If this does place point off screen, the display routines move
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
984 point to the left margin on the middle line in the window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
985
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
986 For example, if point @w{is 1} and you set the start of the window @w{to
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
987 2}, then point would be ``above'' the top of the window. The display
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
988 routines will automatically move point if it is still 1 when redisplay
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
989 occurs. Here is an example:
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
990
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
991 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
992 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
993 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like before executing}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
994 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
995 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
996
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
997 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
998 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
999 @point{}This is the contents of buffer foo.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1000 2
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1001 3
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1002 4
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1003 5
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1004 6
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1005 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1006 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1007
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1008 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1009 (set-window-start
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1010 (selected-window)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1011 (1+ (window-start)))
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1012 @result{} 2
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1013 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
1014
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parents:
diff changeset
1015 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1016 ;; @r{Here is what @samp{foo} looks like after executing}
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parents:
diff changeset
1017 ;; @r{the @code{set-window-start} expression.}
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parents:
diff changeset
1018 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1019 his is the contents of buffer foo.
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parents:
diff changeset
1020 2
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parents:
diff changeset
1021 3
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parents:
diff changeset
1022 @point{}4
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parents:
diff changeset
1023 5
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diff changeset
1024 6
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1025 ---------- Buffer: foo ----------
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1026 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
1027 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1028
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diff changeset
1029 If @var{noforce} is non-@code{nil}, and @var{position} would place point
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parents:
diff changeset
1030 off screen at the next redisplay, then redisplay computes a new window-start
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parents:
diff changeset
1031 position that works well with point, and thus @var{position} is not used.
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parents:
diff changeset
1032 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1033
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parents:
diff changeset
1034 @defun pos-visible-in-window-p &optional position window
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parents:
diff changeset
1035 This function returns @code{t} if @var{position} is within the range
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1036 of text currently visible on the screen in @var{window}. It returns
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1037 @code{nil} if @var{position} is scrolled vertically out of view. The
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1038 argument @var{position} defaults to the current position of point;
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1039 @var{window}, to the selected window. Here is an example:
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1040
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parents:
diff changeset
1041 @example
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parents:
diff changeset
1042 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1043 (or (pos-visible-in-window-p
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1044 (point) (selected-window))
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parents:
diff changeset
1045 (recenter 0))
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parents:
diff changeset
1046 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
1047 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1048
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diff changeset
1049 The @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} function considers only vertical
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parents:
diff changeset
1050 scrolling. If @var{position} is out of view only because @var{window}
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parents:
diff changeset
1051 has been scrolled horizontally, @code{pos-visible-in-window-p} returns
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parents:
diff changeset
1052 @code{t}. @xref{Horizontal Scrolling}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1053 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1054
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diff changeset
1055 @node Vertical Scrolling
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parents:
diff changeset
1056 @section Vertical Scrolling
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parents:
diff changeset
1057 @cindex vertical scrolling
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parents:
diff changeset
1058 @cindex scrolling vertically
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parents:
diff changeset
1059
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diff changeset
1060 Vertical scrolling means moving the text up or down in a window. It
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parents:
diff changeset
1061 works by changing the value of the window's display-start location. It
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parents:
diff changeset
1062 may also change the value of @code{window-point} to keep it on the
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parents:
diff changeset
1063 screen.
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parents:
diff changeset
1064
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parents:
diff changeset
1065 In the commands @code{scroll-up} and @code{scroll-down}, the directions
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parents:
diff changeset
1066 ``up'' and ``down'' refer to the motion of the text in the buffer at which
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parents:
diff changeset
1067 you are looking through the window. Imagine that the text is
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parents:
diff changeset
1068 written on a long roll of paper and that the scrolling commands move the
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parents:
diff changeset
1069 paper up and down. Thus, if you are looking at text in the middle of a
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parents:
diff changeset
1070 buffer and repeatedly call @code{scroll-down}, you will eventually see
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parents:
diff changeset
1071 the beginning of the buffer.
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parents:
diff changeset
1072
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parents:
diff changeset
1073 Some people have urged that the opposite convention be used: they
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1074 imagine that the window moves over text that remains in place. Then
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1075 ``down'' commands would take you to the end of the buffer. This view is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1076 more consistent with the actual relationship between windows and the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1077 text in the buffer, but it is less like what the user sees. The
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1078 position of a window on the terminal does not move, and short scrolling
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1079 commands clearly move the text up or down on the screen. We have chosen
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parents:
diff changeset
1080 names that fit the user's point of view.
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parents:
diff changeset
1081
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parents:
diff changeset
1082 The scrolling functions (aside from @code{scroll-other-window}) have
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1083 unpredictable results if the current buffer is different from the buffer
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1084 that is displayed in the selected window. @xref{Current Buffer}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1085
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parents:
diff changeset
1086 @deffn Command scroll-up &optional count
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1087 This function scrolls the text in the selected window upward
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1088 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1089 downward.
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parents:
diff changeset
1090
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parents:
diff changeset
1091 If @var{count} is @code{nil} (or omitted), then the length of scroll
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1092 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1093 the window (not counting its mode line).
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parents:
diff changeset
1094
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parents:
diff changeset
1095 @code{scroll-up} returns @code{nil}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1096 @end deffn
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parents:
diff changeset
1097
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parents:
diff changeset
1098 @deffn Command scroll-down &optional count
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1099 This function scrolls the text in the selected window downward
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1100 @var{count} lines. If @var{count} is negative, scrolling is actually
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1101 upward.
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parents:
diff changeset
1102
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parents:
diff changeset
1103 If @var{count} is omitted or @code{nil}, then the length of the scroll
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1104 is @code{next-screen-context-lines} lines less than the usable height of
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1105 the window (not counting its mode line).
6564
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1106
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diff changeset
1107 @code{scroll-down} returns @code{nil}.
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parents:
diff changeset
1108 @end deffn
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parents:
diff changeset
1109
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parents:
diff changeset
1110 @deffn Command scroll-other-window &optional count
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1111 This function scrolls the text in another window upward @var{count}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1112 lines. Negative values of @var{count}, or @code{nil}, are handled
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1113 as in @code{scroll-up}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1114
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parents:
diff changeset
1115 The window that is scrolled is normally the one following the selected
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1116 window in the cyclic ordering of windows---the window that
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1117 @code{next-window} would return. @xref{Cyclic Window Ordering}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1118
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1119 You can specify a buffer to scroll with the variable
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1120 @code{other-window-scroll-buffer}. When the selected window is the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1121 minibuffer, the next window is normally the one at the top left corner.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1122 You can specify a different window to scroll with the variable
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1123 @code{minibuffer-scroll-window}. This variable has no effect when any
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1124 other window is selected. @xref{Minibuffer Misc}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1125
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1126 When the minibuffer is active, it is the next window if the selected
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1127 window is the one at the bottom right corner. In this case,
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1128 @code{scroll-other-window} attempts to scroll the minibuffer. If the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1129 minibuffer contains just one line, it has nowhere to scroll to, so the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1130 line reappears after the echo area momentarily displays the message
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1131 ``Beginning of buffer''.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1132 @end deffn
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1133
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1134 @c Emacs 19 feature
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1135 @defvar other-window-scroll-buffer
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1136 If this variable is non-@code{nil}, it tells @code{scroll-other-window}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1137 which buffer to scroll.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1138 @end defvar
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1139
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parents:
diff changeset
1140 @defopt scroll-step
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1141 This variable controls how scrolling is done automatically when point
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1142 moves off the screen. If the value is zero, then redisplay scrolls the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1143 text to center point vertically in the window. If the value is a
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1144 positive integer @var{n}, then redisplay brings point back on screen by
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1145 scrolling @var{n} lines in either direction, if possible; otherwise, it
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1146 centers point. The default value is zero.
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1147 @end defopt
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1148
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parents:
diff changeset
1149 @defopt next-screen-context-lines
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1150 The value of this variable is the number of lines of continuity to
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1151 retain when scrolling by full screens. For example, @code{scroll-up}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1152 with an argument of @code{nil} scrolls so that this many lines at the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1153 bottom of the window appear instead at the top. The default value is
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1154 @code{2}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1155 @end defopt
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1156
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1157 @deffn Command recenter &optional count
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1158 @cindex centering point
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1159 This function scrolls the selected window to put the text where point
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1160 is located at a specified vertical position within the window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1161
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1162 If @var{count} is a nonnegative number, it puts the line containing
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1163 point @var{count} lines down from the top of the window. If @var{count}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1164 is a negative number, then it counts upward from the bottom of the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1165 window, so that @minus{}1 stands for the last usable line in the window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1166 If @var{count} is a non-@code{nil} list, then it stands for the line in
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1167 the middle of the window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1168
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1169 If @var{count} is @code{nil}, @code{recenter} puts the line containing
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1170 point in the middle of the window, then clears and redisplays the entire
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1171 selected frame.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1172
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1173 When @code{recenter} is called interactively, @var{count} is the raw
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1174 prefix argument. Thus, typing @kbd{C-u} as the prefix sets the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1175 @var{count} to a non-@code{nil} list, while typing @kbd{C-u 4} sets
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1176 @var{count} to 4, which positions the current line four lines from the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1177 top.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1178
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1179 With an argument of zero, @code{recenter} positions the current line at
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1180 the top of the window. This action is so handy that some people make a
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1181 separate key binding to do this. For example,
6564
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1182
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1183 @example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1184 @group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1185 (defun line-to-top-of-window ()
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1186 "Scroll current line to top of window.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1187 Replaces three keystroke sequence C-u 0 C-l."
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1188 (interactive)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1189 (recenter 0))
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1190
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1191 (global-set-key [kp-multiply] 'line-to-top-of-window)
6564
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
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1192 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1193 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1194 @end deffn
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1195
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1196 @node Horizontal Scrolling
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1197 @section Horizontal Scrolling
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1198 @cindex horizontal scrolling
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1199
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parents:
diff changeset
1200 Because we read English first from top to bottom and second from left
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1201 to right, horizontal scrolling is not like vertical scrolling. Vertical
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1202 scrolling involves selection of a contiguous portion of text to display.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1203 Horizontal scrolling causes part of each line to go off screen. The
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1204 amount of horizontal scrolling is therefore specified as a number of
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1205 columns rather than as a position in the buffer. It has nothing to do
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1206 with the display-start position returned by @code{window-start}.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1207
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1208 Usually, no horizontal scrolling is in effect; then the leftmost
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1209 column is at the left edge of the window. In this state, scrolling to
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1210 the right is meaningless, since there is no data to the left of the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1211 screen to be revealed by it; so this is not allowed. Scrolling to the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1212 left is allowed; it scrolls the first columns of text off the edge of
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1213 the window and can reveal additional columns on the right that were
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1214 truncated before. Once a window has a nonzero amount of leftward
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1215 horizontal scrolling, you can scroll it back to the right, but only so
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1216 far as to reduce the net horizontal scroll to zero. There is no limit
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1217 to how far left you can scroll, but eventually all the text will
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1218 disappear off the left edge.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1219
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1220 @deffn Command scroll-left count
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1221 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1222 left (or to the right if @var{count} is negative). The return value is
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1223 the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in effect after the
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1224 change---just like the value returned by @code{window-hscroll} (below).
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1225 @end deffn
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1226
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1227 @deffn Command scroll-right count
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1228 This function scrolls the selected window @var{count} columns to the
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1229 right (or to the left if @var{count} is negative). The return value is
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1230 the total amount of leftward horizontal scrolling in effect after the
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1231 change---just like the value returned by @code{window-hscroll} (below).
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1232
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1233 Once you scroll a window as far right as it can go, back to its normal
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1234 position where the total leftward scrolling is zero, attempts to scroll
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1235 any farther right have no effect.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1236 @end deffn
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1237
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1238 @defun window-hscroll &optional window
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1239 This function returns the total leftward horizontal scrolling of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1240 @var{window}---the number of columns by which the text in @var{window}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1241 is scrolled left past the left margin.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1242
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1243 The value is never negative. It is zero when no horizontal scrolling
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1244 has been done in @var{window} (which is usually the case).
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1245
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1246 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1247
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1248 @example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1249 @group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1250 (window-hscroll)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1251 @result{} 0
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1252 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1253 @group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1254 (scroll-left 5)
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1255 @result{} 5
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1256 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1257 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1258 (window-hscroll)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1259 @result{} 5
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1260 @end group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1261 @end example
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1262 @end defun
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1263
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1264 @defun set-window-hscroll window columns
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1265 This function sets the number of columns from the left margin that
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1266 @var{window} is scrolled to the value of @var{columns}. The argument
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1267 @var{columns} should be zero or positive; if not, it is taken as zero.
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1268
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1269 The value returned is @var{columns}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1270
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1271 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1272 @group
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1273 (set-window-hscroll (selected-window) 10)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1274 @result{} 10
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Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1275 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1276 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1277 @end defun
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1278
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1279 Here is how you can determine whether a given position @var{position}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1280 is off the screen due to horizontal scrolling:
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1281
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1282 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1283 @group
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1284 (defun hscroll-on-screen (window position)
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1285 (save-excursion
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1286 (goto-char position)
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1287 (and
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1288 (>= (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window)) 0)
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1289 (< (- (current-column) (window-hscroll window))
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1290 (window-width window)))))
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1291 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1292 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1293
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1294 @node Size of Window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1295 @section The Size of a Window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1296 @cindex window size
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1297 @cindex size of window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1298
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1299 An Emacs window is rectangular, and its size information consists of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1300 the height (the number of lines) and the width (the number of character
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1301 positions in each line). The mode line is included in the height. But
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1302 the width does not count the scroll bar or the column of @samp{|}
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1303 characters that separates side-by-side windows.
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1304
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1305 The following three functions return size information about a window:
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1306
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1307 @defun window-height &optional window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1308 This function returns the number of lines in @var{window}, including
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1309 its mode line. If @var{window} fills its entire frame, this is one less
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1310 than the value of @code{frame-height} on that frame (since the last line
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1311 is always reserved for the minibuffer).
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1312
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1313 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1314
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1315 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1316 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1317 (window-height)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1318 @result{} 23
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1319 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1320 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1321 (split-window-vertically)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1322 @result{} #<window 4 on windows.texi>
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1323 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1324 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1325 (window-height)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1326 @result{} 11
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1327 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1328 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1329 @end defun
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1330
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1331 @defun window-width &optional window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1332 This function returns the number of columns in @var{window}. If
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1333 @var{window} fills its entire frame, this is the same as the value of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1334 @code{frame-width} on that frame. The width does not include the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1335 window's scroll bar or the column of @samp{|} characters that separates
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1336 side-by-side windows.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1337
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1338 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the function uses the selected window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1339
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1340 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1341 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1342 (window-width)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1343 @result{} 80
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1344 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1345 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1346 @end defun
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1347
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1348 @defun window-edges &optional window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1349 This function returns a list of the edge coordinates of @var{window}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1350 If @var{window} is @code{nil}, the selected window is used.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1351
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1352 The order of the list is @code{(@var{left} @var{top} @var{right}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1353 @var{bottom})}, all elements relative to 0, 0 at the top left corner of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1354 the frame. The element @var{right} of the value is one more than the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1355 rightmost column used by @var{window}, and @var{bottom} is one more than
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1356 the bottommost row used by @var{window} and its mode-line.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1357
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1358 When you have side-by-side windows, the right edge value for a window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1359 with a neighbor on the right includes the width of the separator between
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1360 the window and that neighbor. This separator may be a column of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1361 @samp{|} characters or it may be a scroll bar. Since the width of the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1362 window does not include this separator, the width does not equal the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1363 difference between the right and left edges in this case.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1364
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1365 Here is the result obtained on a typical 24-line terminal with just one
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1366 window:
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1367
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1368 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1369 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1370 (window-edges (selected-window))
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1371 @result{} (0 0 80 23)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1372 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1373 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1374
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1375 @noindent
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1376 The bottom edge is at line 23 because the last line is the echo area.
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1377
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1378 If @var{window} is at the upper left corner of its frame, @var{right}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1379 and @var{bottom} are the same as the values returned by
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1380 @code{(window-width)} and @code{(window-height)} respectively, and
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1381 @var{top} and @var{bottom} are zero. For example, the edges of the
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1382 following window are @w{@samp{0 0 5 8}}. Assuming that the frame has
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1383 more than 8 columns, the last column of the window (column 7) holds a
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1384 border rather than text. The last row (row 4) holds the mode line,
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1385 shown here with @samp{xxxxxxxxx}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1386
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1387 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1388 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1389 0
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1390 _______
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1391 0 | |
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1392 | |
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1393 | |
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1394 | |
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1395 xxxxxxxxx 4
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1396
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1397 7
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1398 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1399 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1400
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1401 When there are side-by-side windows, any window not at the right edge of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1402 its frame has a separator in its last column or columns. The separator
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1403 counts as one or two columns in the width of the window. A window never
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1404 includes a separator on its left, since that belongs to the window to
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1405 the left.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1406
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1407 In the following example, let's suppose that the frame is 7
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1408 columns wide. Then the edges of the left window are @w{@samp{0 0 4 3}}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1409 and the edges of the right window are @w{@samp{4 0 7 3}}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1410
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1411 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1412 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1413 ___ ___
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1414 | | |
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1415 | | |
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1416 xxxxxxxxx
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1417
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1418 0 34 7
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1419 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1420 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1421 @end defun
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1422
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1423 @node Resizing Windows
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1424 @section Changing the Size of a Window
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1425 @cindex window resizing
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1426 @cindex changing window size
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1427 @cindex window size, changing
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1428
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1429 The window size functions fall into two classes: high-level commands
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1430 that change the size of windows and low-level functions that access
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1431 window size. Emacs does not permit overlapping windows or gaps between
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1432 windows, so resizing one window affects other windows.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1433
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1434 @deffn Command enlarge-window size &optional horizontal
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1435 This function makes the selected window @var{size} lines taller,
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1436 stealing lines from neighboring windows. It takes the lines from one
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1437 window at a time until that window is used up, then takes from another.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1438 If a window from which lines are stolen shrinks below
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1439 @code{window-min-height} lines, that window disappears.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1440
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1441 If @var{horizontal} is non-@code{nil}, this function makes
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1442 @var{window} wider by @var{size} columns, stealing columns instead of
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1443 lines. If a window from which columns are stolen shrinks below
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1444 @code{window-min-width} columns, that window disappears.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1445
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1446 If the requested size would exceed that of the window's frame, then the
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1447 function makes the window occupy the entire height (or width) of the
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1448 frame.
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1449
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1450 If @var{size} is negative, this function shrinks the window by
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1451 @minus{}@var{size} lines or columns. If that makes the window smaller
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1452 than the minimum size (@code{window-min-height} and
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1453 @code{window-min-width}), @code{enlarge-window} deletes the window.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1454
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1455 @code{enlarge-window} returns @code{nil}.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1456 @end deffn
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1457
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1458 @deffn Command enlarge-window-horizontally columns
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1459 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} wider.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1460 It could be defined as follows:
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1461
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1462 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1463 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1464 (defun enlarge-window-horizontally (columns)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1465 (enlarge-window columns t))
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1466 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1467 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1468 @end deffn
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1469
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1470 @deffn Command shrink-window size &optional horizontal
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1471 This function is like @code{enlarge-window} but negates the argument
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1472 @var{size}, making the selected window smaller by giving lines (or
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1473 columns) to the other windows. If the window shrinks below
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1474 @code{window-min-height} or @code{window-min-width}, then it disappears.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1475
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1476 If @var{size} is negative, the window is enlarged by @minus{}@var{size}
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1477 lines or columns.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1478 @end deffn
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1479
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1480 @deffn Command shrink-window-horizontally columns
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1481 This function makes the selected window @var{columns} narrower.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1482 It could be defined as follows:
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1483
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1484 @example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1485 @group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1486 (defun shrink-window-horizontally (columns)
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1487 (shrink-window columns t))
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1488 @end group
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1489 @end example
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1490 @end deffn
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1491
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1492 @cindex minimum window size
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1493 The following two variables constrain the window-size-changing
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1494 functions to a minimum height and width.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1495
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1496 @defopt window-min-height
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1497 The value of this variable determines how short a window may become
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1498 before it is automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1499 @code{window-min-height} automatically deletes it, and no window may be
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1500 created shorter than this. The absolute minimum height is two (allowing
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1501 one line for the mode line, and one line for the buffer display).
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents: 7735
diff changeset
1502 Actions that change window sizes reset this variable to two if it is
6564
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1503 less than two. The default value is 4.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1504 @end defopt
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1505
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1506 @defopt window-min-width
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1507 The value of this variable determines how narrow a window may become
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1508 before it automatically deleted. Making a window smaller than
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1509 @code{window-min-width} automatically deletes it, and no window may be
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1510 created narrower than this. The absolute minimum width is one; any
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1511 value below that is ignored. The default value is 10.
d9652e184eec Initial revision
Richard M. Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
parents:
diff changeset
1512 @end defopt
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1513
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1514 @node Coordinates and Windows
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1515 @section Coordinates and Windows
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1516
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320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
1517 This section describes how to relate screen coordinates to windows.
6564
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1518
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1519 @defun window-at x y &optional frame
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1520 This function returns the window containing the specified cursor
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1521 position in the frame @var{frame}. The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y}
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1522 are measured in characters and count from the top left corner of the
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1523 frame. If they are out of range, @code{window-at} returns @code{nil}.
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1524
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1525 If you omit @var{frame}, the selected frame is used.
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1526 @end defun
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1527
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1528 @defun coordinates-in-window-p coordinates window
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1529 This function checks whether a particular frame position falls within
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1530 the window @var{window}.
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1531
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1532 The argument @var{coordinates} is a cons cell of this form:
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1533
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1534 @example
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1535 (@var{x} . @var{y})
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1536 @end example
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1537
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1538 @noindent
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1539 The coordinates @var{x} and @var{y} are measured in characters, and
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1540 count from the top left corner of the screen or frame.
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1541
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1542 The value of @code{coordinates-in-window-p} is non-@code{nil} if the
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1543 coordinates are inside @var{window}. The value also indicates what part
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1544 of the window the position is in, as follows:
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diff changeset
1545
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1546 @table @code
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diff changeset
1547 @item (@var{relx} . @var{rely})
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1548 The coordinates are inside @var{window}. The numbers @var{relx} and
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diff changeset
1549 @var{rely} are the equivalent window-relative coordinates for the
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1550 specified position, counting from 0 at the top left corner of the
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1551 window.
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1552
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1553 @item mode-line
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1554 The coordinates are in the mode line of @var{window}.
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1555
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1556 @item vertical-split
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1557 The coordinates are in the vertical line between @var{window} and its
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1558 neighbor to the right. This value occurs only if the window doesn't
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1559 have a scroll bar; positions in a scroll bar are considered outside the
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diff changeset
1560 window.
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1561
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1562 @item nil
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1563 The coordinates are not in any part of @var{window}.
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1564 @end table
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1565
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1566 The function @code{coordinates-in-window-p} does not require a frame as
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1567 argument because it always uses the frame that @var{window} is on.
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diff changeset
1568 @end defun
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1569
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1570 @node Window Configurations
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parents:
diff changeset
1571 @section Window Configurations
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parents:
diff changeset
1572 @cindex window configurations
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diff changeset
1573 @cindex saving window information
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diff changeset
1574
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1575 A @dfn{window configuration} records the entire layout of a
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diff changeset
1576 frame---all windows, their sizes, which buffers they contain, what part
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1577 of each buffer is displayed, and the values of point and the mark. You
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parents:
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1578 can bring back an entire previous layout by restoring a window
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parents:
diff changeset
1579 configuration previously saved.
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diff changeset
1580
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diff changeset
1581 If you want to record all frames instead of just one, use a frame
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parents:
diff changeset
1582 configuration instead of a window configuration. @xref{Frame
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diff changeset
1583 Configurations}.
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1584
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1585 @defun current-window-configuration
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parents:
diff changeset
1586 This function returns a new object representing Emacs's current window
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parents:
diff changeset
1587 configuration, namely the number of windows, their sizes and current
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diff changeset
1588 buffers, which window is the selected window, and for each window the
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parents:
diff changeset
1589 displayed buffer, the display-start position, and the positions of point
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diff changeset
1590 and the mark. An exception is made for point in the current buffer,
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1591 whose value is not saved.
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diff changeset
1592 @end defun
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diff changeset
1593
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parents:
diff changeset
1594 @defun set-window-configuration configuration
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diff changeset
1595 This function restores the configuration of Emacs's windows and
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diff changeset
1596 buffers to the state specified by @var{configuration}. The argument
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diff changeset
1597 @var{configuration} must be a value that was previously returned by
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diff changeset
1598 @code{current-window-configuration}.
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diff changeset
1599
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1600 Here is a way of using this function to get the same effect
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1601 as @code{save-window-excursion}:
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1602
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diff changeset
1603 @example
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diff changeset
1604 @group
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diff changeset
1605 (let ((config (current-window-configuration)))
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diff changeset
1606 (unwind-protect
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diff changeset
1607 (progn (split-window-vertically nil)
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diff changeset
1608 @dots{})
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diff changeset
1609 (set-window-configuration config)))
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diff changeset
1610 @end group
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diff changeset
1611 @end example
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diff changeset
1612 @end defun
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1613
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diff changeset
1614 @defspec save-window-excursion forms@dots{}
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diff changeset
1615 This special form records the window configuration, executes @var{forms}
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diff changeset
1616 in sequence, then restores the earlier window configuration. The window
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parents:
diff changeset
1617 configuration includes the value of point and the portion of the buffer
8491
320375e58ee3 *** empty log message ***
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parents: 7735
diff changeset
1618 that is visible. It also includes the choice of selected window.
6564
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diff changeset
1619 However, it does not include the value of point in the current buffer;
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parents:
diff changeset
1620 use @code{save-excursion} if you wish to preserve that.
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diff changeset
1621
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diff changeset
1622 The return value is the value of the final form in @var{forms}.
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diff changeset
1623 For example:
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diff changeset
1624
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diff changeset
1625 @example
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diff changeset
1626 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1627 (split-window)
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parents:
diff changeset
1628 @result{} #<window 25 on control.texi>
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parents:
diff changeset
1629 @end group
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diff changeset
1630 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1631 (setq w (selected-window))
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parents:
diff changeset
1632 @result{} #<window 19 on control.texi>
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parents:
diff changeset
1633 @end group
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parents:
diff changeset
1634 @group
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parents:
diff changeset
1635 (save-window-excursion
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parents:
diff changeset
1636 (delete-other-windows w)
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parents:
diff changeset
1637 (switch-to-buffer "foo")
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1638 'do-something)
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parents:
diff changeset
1639 @result{} do-something
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parents:
diff changeset
1640 ;; @r{The screen is now split again.}
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parents:
diff changeset
1641 @end group
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diff changeset
1642 @end example
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parents:
diff changeset
1643 @end defspec
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parents:
diff changeset
1644
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parents:
diff changeset
1645 @defun window-configuration-p object
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parents:
diff changeset
1646 This function returns @code{t} if @var{object} is a window configuration.
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parents:
diff changeset
1647 @end defun
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parents:
diff changeset
1648
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1649 Primitives to look inside of window configurations would make sense,
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1650 but none are implemented. It is not clear they are useful enough to be
d9652e184eec Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
1651 worth implementing.