annotate lisp/play/hanoi.el @ 71710:dbbc0b93cfeb

(Forcing Redisplay, Displaying Messages, Temporary Displays, Font Selection, Auto Faces, Font Lookup, Fringe Indicators, Display Margins, Image Descriptors, Showing Images, Image Cache, Button Types, Making Buttons, Manipulating Buttons, Button Buffer Commands, Display Table Format, Glyphs): Remove @tindex.

;;; hanoi.el --- towers of hanoi in Emacs

;; Author: Damon Anton Permezel
;; Maintainer: FSF
;; Keywords: games

; Author (a) 1985, Damon Anton Permezel
; This is in the public domain
; since he distributed it without copyright notice in 1985.
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;
; Support for horizontal poles, large numbers of rings, real-time,
; faces, defcustom, and Towers of Unix added in 1999 by Alakazam
; Petrofsky <[e-mail]>.

;;; Commentary:

;; Solves the Towers of Hanoi puzzle while-U-wait.
;;
;; The puzzle: Start with N rings, decreasing in sizes from bottom to
;; top, stacked around a post.  There are two other posts.  Your mission,
;; should you choose to accept it, is to shift the pile, stacked in its
;; original order, to another post.
;;
;; The challenge is to do it in the fewest possible moves.  Each move
;; shifts one ring to a different post.  But there's a rule; you can
;; only stack a ring on top of a larger one.
;;
;; The simplest nontrivial version of this puzzle is N = 3.  Solution
;; time rises as 2**N, and programs to solve it have long been considered
;; classic introductory exercises in the use of recursion.
;;
;; The puzzle is called `Towers of Hanoi' because an early popular
;; presentation wove a fanciful legend around it.  According to this
;; myth (uttered long before the Vietnam War), there is a Buddhist
;; monastery at Hanoi which contains a large room with three time-worn
;; posts in it surrounded by 21 golden discs.  Monks, acting out the
;; command of an ancient prophecy, have been moving these disks, in
;; accordance with the rules of the puzzle, once every day since the
;; monastery was founded over a thousand years ago.  They are said to
;; believe that when the last move of the puzzle is completed, the
;; world will end in a clap of thunder.  Fortunately, they are nowhere
;; even close to being done...
;;
;; 1999 addition: The `Towers of Unix' command (hanoi-unix) stems from
;; the never-disproven legend of a Eunuch monastery at Princeton that
;; contains a large air-conditioned room with three time-worn posts in
;; it surrounded by 32 silicon discs.  Nimble monks, acting out the
;; command of an ancient prophecy, have been moving these disks, in
;; accordance with the rules of the puzzle, once every second since
;; the monastery was founded almost a billion seconds ago.  They are
;; said to believe that when the last move of the puzzle is completed,
;; the world will reboot in a clap of thunder.  Actually, because the
;; bottom disc is blocked by the "Do not feed the monks" sign, it is
;; believed the End will come at the time that disc is to be moved...

;;; Code:

(eval-when-compile
  (require 'cl)
  ;; dynamic bondage:
  (defvar baseward-step)
  (defvar fly-step)
  (defvar fly-row-start)
  (defvar pole-width)
  (defvar pole-char)
  (defvar line-offset))

(defgroup hanoi nil
  "The Towers of Hanoi."
  :group 'games)

(defcustom hanoi-horizontal-flag nil
  "*If non-nil, hanoi poles are oriented horizontally."
  :group 'hanoi :type 'boolean)

(defcustom hanoi-move-period 1.0
  "*Time, in seconds, for each pole-to-pole move of a ring.
If nil, move rings as fast as possible while displaying all
intermediate positions."
  :group 'hanoi :type '(restricted-sexp :match-alternatives (numberp 'nil)))

(defcustom hanoi-use-faces nil
  "*If nil, all hanoi-*-face variables are ignored."
  :group 'hanoi :type 'boolean)

(defcustom hanoi-pole-face 'highlight
  "*Face for poles.  Ignored if hanoi-use-faces is nil."
  :group 'hanoi :type 'face)

(defcustom hanoi-base-face 'highlight
  "*Face for base.  Ignored if hanoi-use-faces is nil."
  :group 'hanoi :type 'face)

(defcustom hanoi-even-ring-face 'region
  "*Face for even-numbered rings.  Ignored if hanoi-use-faces is nil."
  :group 'hanoi :type 'face)

(defcustom hanoi-odd-ring-face 'secondary-selection
  "*Face for odd-numbered rings.  Ignored if hanoi-use-faces is nil."
  :group 'hanoi :type 'face)


;;;
;;; hanoi - user callable Towers of Hanoi
;;;
;;;###autoload
(defun hanoi (nrings)
  "Towers of Hanoi diversion.  Use NRINGS rings."
  (interactive
   (list (if (null current-prefix-arg)
	     3
	     (prefix-numeric-value current-prefix-arg))))
  (if (< nrings 0)
      (error "Negative number of rings"))
  (hanoi-internal nrings (make-list nrings 0) (hanoi-current-time-float)))

;;;###autoload
(defun hanoi-unix ()
  "Towers of Hanoi, UNIX doomsday version.
Displays 32-ring towers that have been progressing at one move per
second since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT.

Repent before ring 31 moves."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((start (ftruncate (hanoi-current-time-float)))
	 (bits (loop repeat 32
		     for x = (/ start (expt 2.0 31)) then (* x 2.0)
		     collect (truncate (mod x 2.0))))
	 (hanoi-move-period 1.0))
    (hanoi-internal 32 bits start)))

;;;###autoload
(defun hanoi-unix-64 ()
  "Like hanoi-unix, but pretend to have a 64-bit clock.
This is, necessarily (as of emacs 20.3), a crock.  When the
current-time interface is made s2G-compliant, hanoi.el will need
to be updated."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((start (ftruncate (hanoi-current-time-float)))
	 (bits (loop repeat 64
		     for x = (/ start (expt 2.0 63)) then (* x 2.0)
		     collect (truncate (mod x 2.0))))
	 (hanoi-move-period 1.0))
    (hanoi-internal 64 bits start)))

(defun hanoi-internal (nrings bits start-time)
  "Towers of Hanoi internal interface.  Use NRINGS rings.
Start after n steps, where BITS is a big-endian list of the bits of n.
BITS must be of length nrings.  Start at START-TIME."
  (switch-to-buffer "*Hanoi*")
  (buffer-disable-undo (current-buffer))
  (unwind-protect
      (let*
	  (;; These lines can cause emacs to crash if you ask for too
	   ;; many rings.  If you uncomment them, on most systems you
	   ;; can get 10,000+ rings.
	   ;;(max-specpdl-size (max max-specpdl-size (* nrings 15)))
	   ;;(max-lisp-eval-depth (max max-lisp-eval-depth (+ nrings 20)))
	   (vert (not hanoi-horizontal-flag))
	   (pole-width (length (format "%d" (max 0 (1- nrings)))))
	   (pole-char (if vert ?\| ?\-))
	   (base-char (if vert ?\= ?\|))
	   (base-len (max (+ 8 (* pole-width 3))
			  (1- (if vert (window-width) (window-height)))))
	   (max-ring-diameter (/ (- base-len 2) 3))
	   (pole1-coord (/ max-ring-diameter 2))
	   (pole2-coord (/ base-len 2))
	   (pole3-coord (- base-len (/ (1+ max-ring-diameter) 2)))
	   (pole-coords (list pole1-coord pole2-coord pole3-coord))
	   ;; Number of lines displayed below the bottom-most rings.
	   (base-lines
	    (min 3 (max 0 (- (1- (if vert (window-height) (window-width)))
			     (+ 2 nrings)))))

	   ;; These variables will be set according to hanoi-horizontal-flag:

	   ;; line-offset is the number of characters per line in the buffer.
	   line-offset
	   ;; fly-row-start is the buffer position of the leftmost or
	   ;; uppermost position in the fly row.
	   fly-row-start
	   ;; Adding fly-step to a buffer position moves you one step
	   ;; along the fly row in the direction from pole1 to pole2.
	   fly-step
	   ;; Adding baseward-step to a buffer position moves you one step
	   ;; toward the base.
	   baseward-step
	   )
	(setq buffer-read-only nil)
	(erase-buffer)
	(setq truncate-lines t)
	(if hanoi-horizontal-flag
	    (progn
	      (setq line-offset (+ base-lines nrings 3))
	      (setq fly-row-start (1- line-offset))
	      (setq fly-step line-offset)
	      (setq baseward-step -1)
	      (loop repeat base-len do
		    (unless (zerop base-lines)
		      (insert-char ?\  (1- base-lines))
		      (insert base-char)
		      (hanoi-put-face (1- (point)) (point) hanoi-base-face))
		    (insert-char ?\  (+ 2 nrings))
		    (insert ?\n))
	      (delete-char -1)
	      (loop for coord in pole-coords do
		    (loop for row from (- coord (/ pole-width 2))
			  for start = (+ (* row line-offset) base-lines 1)
			  repeat pole-width do
			  (subst-char-in-region start (+ start nrings 1)
						?\  pole-char)
			  (hanoi-put-face start (+ start nrings 1)
					  hanoi-pole-face))))
	  ;; vertical
	  (setq line-offset (1+ base-len))
	  (setq fly-step 1)
	  (setq baseward-step line-offset)
	  (let ((extra-lines (- (1- (window-height)) (+ nrings 2) base-lines)))
	    (insert-char ?\n (max 0 extra-lines))
	    (setq fly-row-start (point))
	    (insert-char ?\  base-len)
	    (insert ?\n)
	    (loop repeat (1+ nrings)
		  with pole-line =
		  (loop with line = (make-string base-len ?\ )
			for coord in pole-coords
			for start = (- coord (/ pole-width 2))
			for end = (+ start pole-width) do
			(hanoi-put-face start end hanoi-pole-face line)
			(loop for i from start below end do
			      (aset line i pole-char))
			finally return line)
		  do (insert pole-line ?\n))
	    (insert-char base-char base-len)
	    (hanoi-put-face (- (point) base-len) (point) hanoi-base-face)
	    (set-window-start (selected-window)
			      (1+ (* baseward-step
				     (max 0 (- extra-lines)))))))

	(let
	    (;; each pole is a pair of buffer positions:
	     ;; the car is the position of the top ring currently on the pole,
	     ;;   (or the base of the pole if it is empty).
	     ;; the cdr is in the fly-row just above the pole.
	     (poles (loop for coord in pole-coords
			  for fly-pos = (+ fly-row-start (* fly-step coord))
			  for base = (+ fly-pos (* baseward-step (+ 2 nrings)))
			  collect (cons base fly-pos)))
	     ;; compute the string for each ring and make the list of
	     ;; ring pairs.  Each ring pair is initially (str . diameter).
	     ;; Once placed in buffer it is changed to (center-pos . diameter).
	     (rings
	      (loop
		;; radii are measured from the edge of the pole out.
		;; So diameter = 2 * radius + pole-width.  When
		;; there's room, we make each ring's radius =
		;; pole-number + 1.  If there isn't room, we step
		;; evenly from the max radius down to 1.
		with max-radius = (min nrings
				       (/ (- max-ring-diameter pole-width) 2))
		for n from (1- nrings) downto 0
		for radius =  (1+ (/ (* n max-radius) nrings))
		for diameter = (+ pole-width (* 2 radius))
		with format-str = (format "%%0%dd" pole-width)
		for str = (concat (if vert "<" "^")
				  (make-string (1- radius) (if vert ?\- ?\|))
				  (format format-str n)
				  (make-string (1- radius) (if vert ?\- ?\|))
				  (if vert ">" "v"))
		for face =
		  (if (eq (logand n 1) 1) ; oddp would require cl at runtime
		      hanoi-odd-ring-face hanoi-even-ring-face)
		do (hanoi-put-face 0 (length str) face str)
		collect (cons str diameter)))
	     ;; Disable display of line and column numbers, for speed.
	     (line-number-mode nil) (column-number-mode nil))
	  ;; do it!
	  (hanoi-n bits rings (car poles) (cadr poles) (caddr poles)
		   start-time))
	(message "Done"))
    (setq buffer-read-only t)
    (force-mode-line-update)))

(defun hanoi-current-time-float ()
  "Return values from current-time combined into a single float."
  (destructuring-bind (high low micros) (current-time)
    (+ (* high 65536.0) low (/ micros 1000000.0))))

(defun hanoi-put-face (start end value &optional object)
  "If hanoi-use-faces is non-nil, call put-text-property for face property."
  (if hanoi-use-faces
      (put-text-property start end 'face value object)))


;;; Functions with a start-time argument (hanoi-0, hanoi-n, and
;;; hanoi-move-ring) start working at start-time and return the ending
;;; time.  If hanoi-move-period is nil, start-time is ignored and the
;;; return value is junk.

;;;
;;; hanoi-0 - work horse of hanoi
(defun hanoi-0 (rings from to work start-time)
  (if (null rings)
      start-time
    (hanoi-0 (cdr rings) work to from
	     (hanoi-move-ring (car rings) from to
			      (hanoi-0 (cdr rings) from work to start-time)))))

;; start after n moves, where BITS is a big-endian list of the bits of n.
;; BITS must be of same length as rings.
(defun hanoi-n (bits rings from to work start-time)
  (cond ((null rings)
	 ;; All rings have been placed in starting positions.  Update display.
	 (hanoi-sit-for 0)
	 start-time)
	((zerop (car bits))
	 (hanoi-insert-ring (car rings) from)
	 (hanoi-0 (cdr rings) work to from
		  (hanoi-move-ring (car rings) from to
				   (hanoi-n (cdr bits) (cdr rings) from work to
					    start-time))))
	(t
	 (hanoi-insert-ring (car rings) to)
	 (hanoi-n (cdr bits) (cdr rings) work to from start-time))))

;; put never-before-placed RING on POLE and update their cars.
(defun hanoi-insert-ring (ring pole)
  (decf (car pole) baseward-step)
  (let ((str (car ring))
	(start (- (car pole) (* (/ (cdr ring) 2) fly-step))))
    (setcar ring (car pole))
    (loop for pos upfrom start by fly-step
	      for i below (cdr ring) do
	      (subst-char-in-region pos (1+ pos) (char-after pos) (aref str i))
	      (set-text-properties pos (1+ pos) (text-properties-at i str)))
    (hanoi-goto-char (car pole))))

;; like goto-char, but if position is outside the window, then move to
;; corresponding position in the first row displayed.
(defun hanoi-goto-char (pos)
  (goto-char (if (or hanoi-horizontal-flag (<= (window-start) pos))
		 pos
	       (+ (window-start) (% (- pos fly-row-start) baseward-step)))))

;; do one pole-to-pole move and update the ring and pole pairs.
(defun hanoi-move-ring (ring from to start-time)
  (incf (car from) baseward-step)
  (decf (car to) baseward-step)
  (let* ;; We move flywards-steps steps up the pole to the fly row,
	;; then fly fly-steps steps across the fly row, then go
	;; baseward-steps steps down the new pole.
	((flyward-steps (/ (- (car ring) (cdr from)) baseward-step))
	 (fly-steps (abs (/ (- (cdr to) (cdr from)) fly-step)))
	 (directed-fly-step (/ (- (cdr to) (cdr from)) fly-steps))
	 (baseward-steps (/ (- (car to) (cdr to)) baseward-step))
	 (total-steps (+ flyward-steps fly-steps baseward-steps))
	 ;; A step is a character cell.  A tick is a time-unit.  To
	 ;; make horizontal and vertical motion appear roughly the
	 ;; same speed, we allow one tick per horizontal step and two
	 ;; ticks per vertical step.
	 (ticks-per-pole-step (if hanoi-horizontal-flag 1 2))
	 (ticks-per-fly-step (if hanoi-horizontal-flag 2 1))
	 (flyward-ticks (* ticks-per-pole-step flyward-steps))
	 (fly-ticks (* ticks-per-fly-step fly-steps))
	 (baseward-ticks (* ticks-per-pole-step baseward-steps))
	 (total-ticks (+ flyward-ticks fly-ticks baseward-ticks))
	 (tick-to-pos
	  ;; Return the buffer position of the ring after TICK ticks.
	  (lambda (tick)
	    (cond
	     ((<= tick flyward-ticks)
	      (+ (cdr from)
		 (* baseward-step
		    (- flyward-steps (/ tick ticks-per-pole-step)))))
	     ((<= tick (+ flyward-ticks fly-ticks))
	      (+ (cdr from)
		 (* directed-fly-step
		    (/ (- tick flyward-ticks) ticks-per-fly-step))))
	     (t
	      (+ (cdr to)
		 (* baseward-step
		    (/ (- tick flyward-ticks fly-ticks)
		       ticks-per-pole-step))))))))
    (if hanoi-move-period
	(loop for elapsed = (- (hanoi-current-time-float) start-time)
	      while (< elapsed hanoi-move-period)
	      with tick-period = (/ (float hanoi-move-period) total-ticks)
	      for tick = (ceiling (/ elapsed tick-period)) do
	      (hanoi-ring-to-pos ring (funcall tick-to-pos tick))
	      (hanoi-sit-for (- (* tick tick-period) elapsed)))
      (loop for tick from 1 to total-ticks by 2 do
	    (hanoi-ring-to-pos ring (funcall tick-to-pos tick))
	    (hanoi-sit-for 0)))
    ;; Always make last move to keep pole and ring data consistent
    (hanoi-ring-to-pos ring (car to))
    (if hanoi-move-period (+ start-time hanoi-move-period))))

;; update display and pause, quitting with a pithy comment if the user
;; hits a key.
(defun hanoi-sit-for (seconds)
  (sit-for seconds)
  (if (input-pending-p)
      (signal 'quit '("I can tell you've had enough"))))

;; move ring to a given buffer position and update ring's car.
(defun hanoi-ring-to-pos (ring pos)
  (unless (= (car ring) pos)
    (let* ((start (- (car ring) (* (/ (cdr ring) 2) fly-step)))
	   (new-start (- pos (- (car ring) start))))
      (if hanoi-horizontal-flag
	  (loop for i below (cdr ring)
		for j = (if (< new-start start) i (- (cdr ring) i 1))
		for old-pos = (+ start (* j fly-step))
		for new-pos = (+ new-start (* j fly-step)) do
		(transpose-regions old-pos (1+ old-pos) new-pos (1+ new-pos)))
	(let ((end (+ start (cdr ring)))
	      (new-end (+ new-start (cdr ring))))
	  (if (< (abs (- new-start start)) (- end start))
	      ;; Overlap.  Adjust bounds
	      (if (< start new-start)
		  (setq new-start end)
		(setq new-end start)))
	  (transpose-regions start end new-start new-end t))))
    ;; If moved on or off a pole, redraw pole chars.
    (unless (eq (hanoi-pos-on-tower-p (car ring)) (hanoi-pos-on-tower-p pos))
      (let* ((pole-start (- (car ring) (* fly-step (/ pole-width 2))))
	     (pole-end (+ pole-start (* fly-step pole-width)))
	     (on-pole (hanoi-pos-on-tower-p (car ring)))
	     (new-char (if on-pole pole-char ?\ ))
	     (curr-char (if on-pole ?\  pole-char))
	     (face (if on-pole hanoi-pole-face nil)))
	(if hanoi-horizontal-flag
	    (loop for pos from pole-start below pole-end by line-offset do
		  (subst-char-in-region pos (1+ pos) curr-char new-char)
		  (hanoi-put-face pos (1+ pos) face))
	  (subst-char-in-region pole-start pole-end curr-char new-char)
	  (hanoi-put-face pole-start pole-end face))))
    (setcar ring pos))
  (hanoi-goto-char pos))

;; Check if a buffer position lies on a tower (vis. in the fly row).
(defun hanoi-pos-on-tower-p (pos)
  (if hanoi-horizontal-flag
      (/= (% pos fly-step) fly-row-start)
    (>= pos (+ fly-row-start baseward-step))))

(provide 'hanoi)

;;; arch-tag: 7a901659-4346-495c-8883-14cbf540610c
;;; hanoi.el ends here