Mercurial > emacs
annotate etc/refcards/survival.tex @ 110981:dbe481657418
* README: Updates.
author | Glenn Morris <rgm@gnu.org> |
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date | Mon, 11 Oct 2010 20:47:36 -0700 |
parents | 8b08de8dc0aa |
children | 376148b31b5e |
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1 %&tex |
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2 % Title: GNU Emacs Survival Card |
104005 | 3 |
4 % Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, | |
106815 | 5 % 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
104005 | 6 |
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7 % Author: Wlodek Bzyl <matwb@univ.gda.pl> |
104005 | 8 |
9 % This file is part of GNU Emacs. | |
10 | |
11 % GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
12 % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
13 % the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or | |
14 % (at your option) any later version. | |
15 | |
16 % GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
17 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
18 % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
19 % GNU General Public License for more details. | |
20 | |
21 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
22 % along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. | |
23 | |
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24 %**start of header |
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25 |
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26 % User interface is `plain.tex' and macros described below |
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27 % |
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28 % \title{CARD TITLE}{for version 23} |
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29 % \section{NAME} |
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30 % optional paragraphs separated with \askip amount of vertical space |
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31 % \key{KEY-NAME} description of key or |
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32 % \mkey{M-x LONG-LISP-NAME} description of Elisp function |
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33 % |
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34 % \kbd{ARG} -- argument is typed literally |
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35 |
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36 \def\plainfmtname{plain} |
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37 \ifx\fmtname\plainfmtname |
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38 \else |
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39 \errmessage{This file requires `plain' format to be typeset correctly} |
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40 \endinput |
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41 \fi |
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42 |
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43 % PDF output layout. 0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for |
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44 % a landscape layout. |
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45 \input pdflayout.sty |
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46 \pdflayout=(1) |
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47 |
104005 | 48 \def\versionemacs{23} % version of Emacs this is for |
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49 \def\year{2010} % latest copyright year |
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50 |
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51 \def\copyrightnotice{\penalty-1\vfill |
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52 \vbox{\smallfont\baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip\raggedcenter |
104005 | 53 Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.\break |
54 For GNU Emacs version \versionemacs\break | |
55 Author W{\l}odek Bzyl (matwb@univ.gda.pl) | |
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56 |
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57 Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of |
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58 this card provided the copyright notice and this permission notice |
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59 are preserved on all copies.\par}} |
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60 |
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61 \hsize 3.2in |
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62 \vsize 7.95in |
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63 \font\titlefont=cmss10 scaled 1200 |
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64 \font\headingfont=cmss10 |
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65 \font\smallfont=cmr6 |
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66 \font\smallsy=cmsy6 |
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67 \font\eightrm=cmr8 |
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68 \font\eightbf=cmbx8 |
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69 \font\eightit=cmti8 |
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70 \font\eighttt=cmtt8 |
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71 \font\eightmi=cmmi8 |
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72 \font\eightsy=cmsy8 |
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73 \font\eightss=cmss8 |
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74 \textfont0=\eightrm |
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75 \textfont1=\eightmi |
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76 \textfont2=\eightsy |
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77 \def\rm{\eightrm} \rm |
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78 \def\bf{\eightbf} |
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79 \def\it{\eightit} |
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80 \def\tt{\eighttt} |
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81 \def\ss{\eightss} |
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82 \baselineskip=0.8\baselineskip |
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83 |
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84 \newdimen\intercolumnskip % horizontal space between columns |
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85 \intercolumnskip=0.5in |
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86 |
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87 % The TeXbook, p. 257 |
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88 \let\lr=L \newbox\leftcolumn |
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89 \output={\if L\lr |
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90 \global\setbox\leftcolumn\columnbox \global\let\lr=R |
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91 \else |
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92 \doubleformat \global\let\lr=L\fi} |
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93 \def\doubleformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline |
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94 \leftline{\box\leftcolumn\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox} |
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95 \makefootline} |
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96 \advancepageno} |
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97 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} |
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98 |
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99 \def\newcolumn{\vfil\eject} |
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100 |
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101 \def\bye{\par\vfil\supereject |
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102 \if R\lr \null\vfil\eject\fi |
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103 \end} |
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104 |
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105 \outer\def\title#1#2{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus 0.5ex |
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106 \centerline{\ss#2} |
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107 \vskip2\baselineskip} |
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108 |
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109 \outer\def\section#1{\filbreak |
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110 \bskip |
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111 \leftline{\headingfont #1} |
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112 \askip} |
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113 \def\bskip{\vskip 2.5ex plus 0.25ex } |
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114 \def\askip{\vskip 0.75ex plus 0.25ex} |
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115 |
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116 \newdimen\defwidth \defwidth=0.25\hsize |
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117 \def\hang{\hangindent\defwidth} |
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118 |
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119 \def\textindent#1{\noindent\llap{\hbox to \defwidth{\tt#1\hfil}}\ignorespaces} |
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120 \def\key{\par\hangafter=0\hang\textindent} |
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121 |
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122 \def\mtextindent#1{\noindent\hbox{\tt#1\quad}\ignorespaces} |
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123 \def\mkey{\par\hangafter=1\hang\mtextindent} |
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124 |
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125 \def\kbd#{\bgroup\tt \let\next= } |
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126 |
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127 \newdimen\raggedstretch |
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128 \newskip\raggedparfill \raggedparfill=0pt plus 1fil |
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129 \def\nohyphens |
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130 {\hyphenpenalty10000\exhyphenpenalty10000\pretolerance10000} |
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131 \def\raggedspaces |
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132 {\spaceskip=0.3333em\relax |
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133 \xspaceskip=0.5em\relax} |
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134 \def\raggedright |
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135 {\raggedstretch=6em |
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136 \nohyphens |
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137 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch |
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138 \raggedspaces |
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139 \parfillskip=\raggedparfill |
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140 \relax} |
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141 \def\raggedcenter |
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142 {\raggedstretch=6em |
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143 \nohyphens |
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144 \rightskip=0pt plus \raggedstretch |
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145 \leftskip=\rightskip |
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146 \raggedspaces |
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147 \parfillskip=0pt |
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148 \relax} |
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149 |
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150 \chardef\\=`\\ |
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151 |
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152 \raggedright |
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153 \nopagenumbers |
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154 \parindent 0pt |
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155 \interlinepenalty=10000 |
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156 \hoffset -0.2in |
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157 %\voffset 0.2in |
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158 |
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159 %**end of header |
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160 |
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161 |
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162 \title{GNU\ \ Emacs\ \ Survival\ \ Card}{for version \versionemacs} |
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163 |
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164 In the following, \kbd{C-z} means hit the `\kbd{z}' key while |
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165 holding down the {\it Ctrl}\ \ key. \kbd{M-z} means hit the |
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166 `\kbd{z}' key while hitting the {\it Meta\/} (labeled {\it Alt\/} |
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167 on some keyboards) or after hitting {\it Esc\/} key. |
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168 |
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169 \section{Running Emacs} |
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170 |
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171 To enter GNU Emacs, just type its name: \kbd{emacs}. |
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172 Emacs divides the frame into several areas: |
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173 menu line, |
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174 buffer area with the edited text, |
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175 mode line describing the buffer in the window above it, |
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176 and a minibuffer/echo area in the last line. |
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177 \askip |
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178 \key{C-x C-c} quit Emacs |
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179 \key{C-x C-f} edit file; this command uses the minibuffer to read |
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180 the file name; use this to create new files by entering the name |
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181 of the new file |
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182 \key{C-x C-s} save the file |
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183 \key{C-x k} kill a buffer |
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184 \key{C-g} in most context: cancel, stop, abort partially typed or |
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185 executing command |
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186 \key{C-x u} undo |
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187 |
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188 \section{Moving About} |
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189 |
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190 \key{C-l} scroll current line to center of window |
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191 \key{C-x b} switch to another buffer |
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192 \key{M-<} move to beginning of buffer |
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193 \key{M->} move to end of buffer |
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194 \key{M-g M-g} go to a given line number |
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195 |
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196 \section{Multiple Windows} |
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197 |
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198 \key{C-x 0} remove the current window from the display |
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199 \key{C-x 1} make active window the only window |
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200 \key{C-x 2} split window horizontally |
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201 \key{C-x 3} split window vertically |
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202 \key{C-x o} move to other window |
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203 |
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204 \section{Regions} |
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205 |
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206 Emacs defines a `region' as the space between the {\it mark\/} and |
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207 the {\it point}. A mark is set with \kbd{C-{\it space}}. |
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208 The point is at the cursor position. |
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209 \askip |
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210 \key{M-h} mark entire paragraph |
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211 \key{C-x h} mark entire buffer |
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212 |
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213 \section{Killing and Copying} |
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214 |
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215 \key{C-w} kill region |
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216 \key{M-w} copy region to kill-ring |
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217 \key{C-k} kill from the cursor all the way to the end of the line |
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218 \key{M-DEL} kill word |
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219 \key{C-y} yank back the last kill (\kbd{C-w C-y} combination could be |
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220 used to move text around) |
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221 \key{M-y} replace last yank with previous kill |
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222 |
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223 \section{Searching} |
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224 |
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225 \key{C-s} search for a string |
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226 \key{C-r} search for a string backwards |
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227 \key{RET} quit searching |
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228 \key{M-C-s} regular expression search |
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229 \key{M-C-r} reverse regular expression search |
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230 \askip |
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231 Use \kbd{C-s} or \kbd{C-r} again to repeat the search in either direction. |
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232 |
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233 \section{Tags} |
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234 |
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235 Tags tables files record locations of function and |
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236 procedure definitions, global variables, data types and anything |
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237 else convenient. To create a tags table file, type |
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238 `{\tt etags} {\it input\_files}' as a shell command. |
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239 \askip |
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240 \key{M-.} find a definition |
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241 \key{C-u M-.} find next occurrence of definition |
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242 \key{M-*} pop back to where \kbd{M-.} was last invoked |
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243 \mkey{M-x tags-query-replace} run query-replace on all files |
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244 recorded in tags table |
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245 \key{M-,} continue last tags search or query-replace |
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246 |
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247 \section{Compiling} |
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248 |
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249 \key{M-x compile} compile code in active window |
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250 \key{C-c C-c} go to the next compiler error, when in |
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251 the compile window or |
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252 \key{C-x `} when in the window with source code |
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253 |
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254 \section{Dired, the Directory Editor} |
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255 |
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256 \key{C-x d} invoke Dired |
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257 \key{d} flag this file for deletion |
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258 \key{\~{}} flag all backup files for deletion |
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259 \key{u} remove deletion flag |
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260 \key{x} delete the files flagged for deletion |
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261 \key{C} copy file |
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262 \key{g} update the Dired buffer |
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263 \key{f} visit the file described on the current line |
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264 \key{s} switch between alphabetical date/time order |
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265 |
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266 \section{Reading and Sending Mail} |
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267 |
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268 \key{M-x rmail} start reading mail |
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269 \key{q} quit reading mail |
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270 \key{h} show headers |
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271 \key{d} mark the current message for deletion |
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272 \key{x} remove all messages marked for deletion |
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273 |
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274 \key{C-x m} begin composing a message |
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275 \key{C-c C-c} send the message and switch to another buffer |
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276 \key{C-c C-f C-c} move to the `CC' header field, creating one |
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277 if there is none |
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278 |
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279 \section{Miscellaneous} |
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280 |
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281 \key{M-q} fill paragraph |
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282 \key{M-/} expand previous word dynamically |
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283 \key{C-z} iconify (suspend) Emacs when running it under X or |
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284 shell, respectively |
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285 \mkey{M-x revert-buffer} replace the text being edited with the |
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286 text of the file on disk |
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287 |
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288 \section{Query Replace} |
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289 |
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290 \key{M-\%} interactively search and replace |
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291 \key{M-C-\%} using regular expressions |
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292 \askip |
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293 Valid responses in query-replace mode are |
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294 \askip |
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295 \key{SPC} replace this one, go on to next |
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296 \key{,} replace this one, don't move |
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297 \key{DEL} skip to next without replacing |
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298 \key{!} replace all remaining matches |
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299 \key{\^{}} back up to the previous match |
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300 \key{RET} exit query-replace |
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301 \key{C-r} enter recursive edit (\kbd{M-C-c} to exit) |
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302 |
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303 \section{Regular Expressions} |
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304 |
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305 \key{. {\rm(dot)}} any single character except a newline |
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306 \key{*} zero or more repeats |
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307 \key{+} one or more repeats |
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308 \key{?} zero or one repeat |
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309 \key{[$\ldots$]} denotes a class of character to match |
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310 \key{[\^{}$\ldots$]} negates the class |
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311 |
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312 \key{\\{\it c}} quote characters otherwise having a special |
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313 meaning in regular expressions |
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314 |
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315 \key{$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$\\|$\ldots$} matches one of |
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316 the alternatives (``or'') |
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317 \key{\\( $\ldots$ \\)} groups a series of pattern elements to |
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318 a single element |
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319 \key{\\{\it n}} same text as {\it n\/}th group |
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320 |
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321 \key{\^{}} matches at line beginning |
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322 \key{\$} matches at line end |
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323 |
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324 \key{\\w} matches word-syntax character |
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325 \key{\\W} matches non-word-syntax character |
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326 \key{\\<} matches at word beginning |
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327 \key{\\>} matches at word end |
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328 \key{\\b} matches at word break |
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329 \key{\\B} matches at non-word break |
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330 |
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331 \section{Registers} |
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332 |
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333 \key{C-x r s} save region in register |
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334 \key{C-x r i} insert register contents into buffer |
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335 |
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336 \key{C-x r SPC} save value of point in register |
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337 \key{C-x r j} jump to point saved in register |
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338 |
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339 \section{Rectangles} |
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340 |
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341 \key{C-x r r} copy rectangle to register |
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342 \key{C-x r k} kill rectangle |
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343 \key{C-x r y} yank rectangle |
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344 \key{C-x r t} prefix each line with a string |
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345 |
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346 \key{C-x r o} open rectangle, shifting text right |
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347 \key{C-x r c} blank out rectangle |
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348 |
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349 \section{Shells} |
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350 |
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351 \key{M-x shell} start a shell within Emacs |
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352 \key{M-!} execute a shell command |
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353 \key{M-|} run a shell command on the region |
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354 \key{C-u M-|} filter region through a shell command |
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355 |
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356 \section{Spelling Check} |
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357 |
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358 \key{M-\$} check spelling of word at the cursor |
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359 \mkey{M-x ispell-region} check spelling of all words in region |
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360 \mkey{M-x ispell-buffer} check spelling of entire buffer |
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361 |
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362 \section{International Character Sets} |
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363 |
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364 \key{C-x RET C-\\} select and activate input method for |
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365 the current buffer |
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366 \key{C-\\} enable or disable input method |
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367 \mkey{M-x list-input-methods} show all input methods |
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368 \mkey{M-x set-language-environment} specify principal language |
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369 |
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370 \key{C-x RET c} set coding system for next command |
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371 \mkey{M-x find-file-literally} visit file with no conversion |
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372 of any kind |
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373 |
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374 \mkey{M-x list-coding-systems} show all coding systems |
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375 \mkey{M-x prefer-coding-system} choose preferred coding system |
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376 |
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377 \section{Keyboard Macros} |
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378 |
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379 \key{C-x (} start defining a keyboard macro |
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380 \key{C-x )} end keyboard macro definition |
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381 \key{C-x e} execute last-defined keyboard macro |
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382 \key{C-u C-x (} append to last keyboard macro |
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383 \mkey{M-x name-last-kbd-macro} name last keyboard macro |
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384 |
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385 \section{Simple Customization} |
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386 |
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387 \key{M-x customize} customize variables and faces |
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388 |
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389 \section{Getting Help} |
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390 |
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391 Emacs does command completion for you. Typing \kbd{M-x} |
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392 {\it tab\/} or {\it space\/} gives a list of Emacs commands. |
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393 \askip |
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394 \key{C-h} Emacs help |
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395 \key{C-h t} run the Emacs tutorial |
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396 \key{C-h i} enter Info, the documentation browser |
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397 \key{C-h a} show commands matching a string (apropos) |
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398 \key{C-h k} display documentation of the function invoked by |
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399 keystroke |
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400 \askip |
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401 Emacs gets into different {\it modes}, each of which customizes |
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402 Emacs for editing text of a particular sort. The mode line |
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403 contains names of the current modes, in parentheses. |
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404 \askip |
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405 \key{C-h m} get mode-specific information |
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406 |
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407 \copyrightnotice |
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408 |
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409 \bye |
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410 |
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411 % Local variables: |
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412 % compile-command: "pdftex survival" |
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413 % End: |
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414 |
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415 % arch-tag: 4f9a0562-617b-4843-aee1-450c41d6b22c |